Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	according_a	centre_n	zone_n	16	3	13.9955	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06785	The center of The circle of commerce. Or, A refutation of a treatise, intituled The circle of commerce, or The ballance of trade, lately published by E.M. By Gerard Malynes merchant	Malynes, Gerard, fl. 1586-1641.	1623 (1623)	STC 17221; ESTC S111905	76,643	152

the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n or_o a_o refutation_n of_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n or_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n late_o publish_v by_o e._n m._n by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n magna_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la praevaluit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d semper_fw-la praevalebit_fw-la london_n print_v by_o william_n jones_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o nicholas_n bourne_n at_o the_o royal_a exchange_n 1623._o regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la loquor_fw-la haec_fw-la gaudere_fw-la facit_fw-la sapientis_fw-la nomine_fw-la stultum_fw-la &_o grave_a prudentis_fw-la munus_fw-la obire_fw-la viri_fw-la quisquis_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la sapiens_fw-la quasi_fw-la stultus_fw-la habetur_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la quod_fw-la vacuum_n sit_fw-la ratione_fw-la caput_fw-la regnat_fw-la in_o incertis_fw-la regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la rebus_fw-la moribus_fw-la ambiguae_fw-la quae_fw-la stat_fw-la in_o orbe_fw-la deae_fw-la to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o excellent_a prince_n charles_n prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n earl_n of_o chester_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v please_v your_o highness_n the_o oracle_n of_o apollo_n at_o delphos_n be_v demand_v why_o jupiter_n shall_v be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o god_n since_o mars_n be_v the_o best_a soldier_n answer_v mars_n be_v valiant_a but_o jupiter_n wise_a conclude_v by_o this_o that_o council_n and_o policy_n be_v of_o more_o force_n to_o subdue_v then_o valour_n parua_fw-la sunt_fw-la arma_fw-la foris_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la concilium_fw-la domi_fw-la say_v cicero_n but_o forasmuch_o that_o neither_o wisdom_n nor_o valour_n can_v well_o subsist_v without_o treasure_n since_o money_n have_v obtain_v the_o title_n of_o the_o sinew_n of_o war_n and_o the_o life_n of_o commerce_n i_o hope_v that_o the_o accumulate_v thereof_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o praeheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n when_o the_o same_o be_v procure_v by_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o sole_a peaceable_a instrument_n to_o enrich_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n this_o trade_n be_v perform_v between_o we_o and_o foreign_a country_n under_o three_o simples_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n which_o be_v joint_o and_o distinct_o consider_v in_o their_o proper_a nature_n will_v cause_v our_o decay_a trade_n to_o flourish_v but_o because_o one_o edward_n misselden_n do_v omit_v to_o handle_v the_o predominant_a part_n of_o trade_n in_o a_o treatise_n dedicate_v unto_o your_o highness_n entitle_v free_a trade_n viz._n the_o mystery_n of_o exchange_n and_o that_o not_o without_o a_o aspersion_n lay_v upon_o i_o i_o be_v move_v to_o make_v a_o answer_n thereunto_o show_v his_o main_a scope_n to_o be_v to_o have_v the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n enhance_v and_o the_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v currant_n at_o a_o equal_a value_n which_o be_v to_o reform_v thing_n by_o a_o remedy_n worse_o than_o the_o disease_n for_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o our_o money_n will_v increase_v the_o price_n of_o all_o thing_n whereby_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n shall_v become_v the_o great_a loser_n in_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o nobility_n and_o land_a man_n also_o and_o to_o make_v foreign_a coin_n currant_n within_o the_o realm_n will_v overthrow_v his_o majesty_n mint_n and_o abrogate_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n the_o coin_n of_o money_n hereupon_o have_v in_o the_o epistle_n dedicatory_a of_o the_o say_a treatise_n unto_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n entitle_v the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n compare_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o little_a fish_n mention_v by_o plutarch_n swim_v before_o the_o great_a whale_n because_o i_o have_v then_o under_o the_o press_n a_o great_a volume_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la dedicate_v likewise_o unto_o his_o majesty_n and_o both_o present_v unto_o your_o highness_n the_o say_v misselden_n carp_n at_o the_o simile_n and_o direct_v his_o course_n from_o your_o highness_n have_v late_o publish_v a_o opposition_n to_o the_o say_a book_n call_v the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n copious_a of_o uncivil_a speech_n whereby_o in_o respect_n of_o private_a cause_n i_o have_v great_a occasion_n to_o implore_v his_o majesty_n favour_n against_o he_o as_o homer_n do_v ptolemy_n the_o great_a king_n of_o egypt_n against_o the_o rail_a commentary_n of_o zoylus_n but_o the_o matter_n concern_v the_o public_a and_o be_v of_o far_o great_a consequence_n than_o a_o centention_n for_o learning_n i_o be_o compel_v humble_o to_o beseech_v your_o highness_n to_o intercede_v for_o i_o unto_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n to_o be_v well_o please_v to_o peruse_v this_o my_o three_o book_n entitle_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n wherein_o the_o mean_n to_o provide_v his_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n with_o bullion_n &_o money_n be_v more_o distinct_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o say_a centre_n of_o commerce_n which_o be_v gain_n without_o which_o his_o circle_n be_v vain_a to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v difficult_a even_o among_o learned_a philosopher_n and_o schoolman_n consider_v aristotle_n his_o doctrine_n ground_v upon_o levity_n of_o thing_n ascend_v and_o gravity_n of_o thing_n fall_v to_o their_o centre_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n or_o rather_o of_o the_o pythagorian_o ascribe_v a_o stability_n to_o the_o heaven_n and_o a_o mobility_n to_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o this_o centre_n gain_n be_v easy_a and_o engraft_v in_o every_o man_n judgement_n this_o centre_n make_v a_o perfect_a orb_n include_v all_o geometrical_a proportion_n and_o can_v answer_v all_o mathematical_a problem_n of_o trade_n for_o the_o double_n of_o the_o cube_n of_o solid_n and_o the_o quadrature_n of_o the_o circle_n in_o plain_a without_o plato_n exposition_n or_o misseldens_n conceit_a balance_n of_o trade_n for_o all_o the_o weight_n of_o commerce_n fall_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o this_o centre_n gain_n insomuch_o that_o if_o the_o due_a consideration_n hereof_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n nothing_o can_v be_v expect_v but_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o destruction_n of_o commonweal_n according_a to_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o follow_a allegory_n to_o a_o disease_a body_n natural_a so_o that_o statesman_n and_o politician_n be_v to_o bend_v their_o judgement_n in_o all_o public_a cause_n to_o this_o centre_n gain_n which_o bear_v the_o sway_n in_o all_o humane_a action_n thereby_o to_o find_v out_o all_o fallacy_n and_o misprision_n of_o trade_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o kingdom_n stock_n without_o private_a regard_n of_o particular_a merchant_n make_v their_o benefit_n by_o the_o general_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o simple_a but_o will_v avoid_v a_o loss_n if_o he_o can_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a procure_v a_o gain_n where_o he_o may_v or_o can_v shall_v it_o be_v imagine_v then_o that_o bullion_n &_o money_n will_v be_v import_v when_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o become_v a_o loser_n or_o that_o money_n will_v remain_v within_o the_o realm_n when_o so_o great_a a_o gain_n can_v be_v have_v by_o the_o exportation_n thereof_o or_o will_v any_o man_n think_v that_o trade_n can_v be_v drive_v convenient_o without_o money_n and_o exchange_n will_v not_o the_o want_n of_o it_o make_v a_o dead_a trade_n within_o the_o realm_n when_o this_o vital_a spirit_n of_o commerce_n fail_v sure_o it_o be_v questionless_a in_o every_o man_n understanding_n your_o highness_n therefore_o may_v be_v please_v to_o advance_v the_o establish_n of_o this_o centre_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n kingdom_n and_o dominion_n will_v flow_v with_o bullion_n and_o money_n and_o infuse_v life_n thereunto_o which_o will_v be_v feel_v by_o the_o pulse_n the_o hammer_n of_o the_o mint_n upon_o my_o life_n and_o reputation_n of_o knowledge_n which_o time_n and_o occasion_n seem_v to_o further_a by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n incline_v thereunto_o since_o this_o treatise_n have_v be_v under_o the_o press_n if_o any_o thing_n therein_o shall_v seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o centre_n i_o beseech_v your_o highness_n to_o attribute_v the_o same_o to_o the_o levity_n of_o the_o circle_n the_o rather_o because_o nugae_fw-la seria_fw-la ducunt_fw-la thus_o with_o all_o humbleness_n take_v leave_n i_o shall_v continue_v my_o fervent_a prayer_n to_o the_o almighty_a to_o preserve_v your_o highness_n in_o health_n and_o happiness_n to_o his_o glory_n and_o your_o eternal_a felicity_n london_n the_o 20._o of_o november_n 1623._o your_o highness_n most_o obedient_a servant_n gerard_n malynes_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n or_o a_o refutation_n of_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n late_o publish_v by_o e._n m._n the_o proem_n strong_a imagination_n nourish_v by_o opinion_n may_v cause_v most_o man_n to_o suppose_v that_o edward_n misselden_n s●allenger_n sallust_n of_o s●allenger_n in_o who_o the_o babylon_n of_o learning_n

conclusion_n in_o the_o government_n of_o state-affair_n wherein_o he_o be_v a_o mere_a novice_n but_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v brief_a and_o substantial_a to_o end_v therefore_o this_o matter_n of_o balance_n it_o may_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o some_o man_n will_v be_v seduce_v thereby_o 52._o discourse_v of_o the_o east_n india_n trade_n by_o t._n m._n p._n 49._o 52._o and_o give_v bridle_n to_o the_o present_a course_n of_o trade_n expect_v a_o overballance_n to_o happen_v on_o our_o side_n without_o remove_v of_o the_o cause_n after_o they_o have_v speak_v well_o concern_v exchange_n although_o they_o confess_v to_o be_v a_o ground_n as_o a_o matter_n much_o too_o high_a for_o their_o handle_n say_v that_o the_o abuse_n thereof_o be_v very_o prejudicial_a unto_o this_o kingdom_n in_o particular_a whilst_o in_o the_o interim_n the_o benefit_n do_v arise_v unto_o other_o country_n who_o diligent_o observe_v the_o price_n whereby_o the_o money_n be_v exchange_v may_v take_v advantage_n to_o carry_v away_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o this_o realm_n at_o those_o time_n when_o the_o rate_n of_o our_o starlin_n money_n in_o exchange_n be_v under_o the_o value_n of_o that_o standard_n unto_o which_o place_n they_o be_v convey_v for_o in_o respect_n the_o price_n of_o the_o exchange_n do_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o plenty_n and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v up_o or_o deliver_v out_o the_o exchange_n be_v hereby_o rather_o become_v a_o trade_n for_o some_o great_a moneyed_a man_n than_o a_o furtherance_n and_o accommodation_n of_o recall_v trade_n of_o merchant_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o true_a use_n thereof_o and_o thus_o many_o time_n money_n may_v be_v make_v over_o hither_o by_o stranger_n to_o a_o good_a gain_n and_o present_o carry_v beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o a_o second_o profit_n and_o yet_o the_o mischief_n end_v not_o here_o for_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n in_o foreign_a country_n must_v necessary_o drive_v a_o trade_n to_o those_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o draw_v their_o money_n and_o so_o do_v fill_v we_o up_o with_o foreign_a commodity_n without_o the_o vent_n of_o our_o own_o ware_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o the_o overballance_n of_o commodity_n be_v proceed_v from_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n which_o over-rule_v money_n and_o money_n over-rule_v commodity_n as_o heretofore_o be_v manifest_o declare_v that_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n overballance_a vnderualuation_n of_o our_o money_n inexchange_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a do_v appear_v upon_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n depend_v one_o upon_o another_o enforce_v by_o this_o primum-mobill_a as_o follow_v 1._o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n 2._o proceed_v of_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n which_o cause_v 3._o by_o gain_n the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4._o and_o debar_v by_o loss_n to_o be_v sustain_v the_o importation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n 5._o hinder_v also_o the_o bring_n of_o royal_n of_o 8._o unto_o we_o be_v otherwise_o diver_v 6._o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o money_n enhance_v 7._o the_o native_a commodity_n be_v in_o price_n undervalue_v according_a to_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n all_o which_o be_v fearful_a effect_n for_o the_o treasure_n be_v exhaunce_v the_o realm_n impoverish_v and_o money_n be_v make_v a_o merchandise_n and_o this_o can_v be_v cure_v but_o by_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o remedy_n hitherto_o we_o have_v observe_v and_o manifest_o prove_v first_o that_o exchange_n be_v the_o public_a measure_n between_o england_n and_o all_o place_n where_o we_o deal_v by_o exchange_n second_o that_o the_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n and_o three_o that_o gain_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n and_o that_o the_o say_a underualuation_n be_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o withal_o we_o have_v show_v that_o 〈◊〉_d conceit_a balance_n of_o trade_n propose_v by_o misselden_n can_v be_v but_o a_o trial_n and_o discovery_n of_o the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n without_o that_o it_o can_v produce_v any_o other_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o his_o last_o balance_n we_o may_v perceive_v that_o all_o the_o commodity_n export_v and_o the_o commodity_n import_v yearly_a do_v amount_v unto_o five_o million_o or_o fifty_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n according_a to_o our_o observation_n in_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n now_o if_o the_o loss_n by_o exchange_n be_v but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o which_o we_o have_v prove_v above_o threescore_o and_o ten_o it_o will_v amount_v to_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a 37._o p._n 37._o the_o loss_n whereof_o be_v great_a to_o the_o kingdom_n than_o all_o the_o money_n employ_v to_o the_o east_n indies_n come_v unto_o loss_n a_o incredible_a loss_n which_o misselden_n affirm_v to_o be_v a_o abominable_a untrueth_n which_o i_o can_v but_o retort_v upon_o he_o because_o he_o be_v unfortunate_a to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o plain_a in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n for_o he_o be_v in_o league_n with_o equivocation_n in_o all_o his_o refutation_n which_o challenge_v to_o be_v cusen_n german_n to_o truth_n make_v his_o speech_n a_o centaur_n half_o a_o man_n half_o a_o horse_n or_o like_o one_o of_o the_o brood_n of_o nilus_n half_a earth_n half_a frog_n a_o thing_n both_o shapeless_a and_o shape_v in_o one_o mixture_n which_o it_o thus_o distinguish_v by_o the_o equinoctial_a in_o this_o place_n chap._n four_o a_o examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n into_o other_o country_n the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n be_v the_o four_o zone_n or_o girdle_n by_o our_o distribution_n be_v to_o underprop_v and_o sustain_v by_o the_o gain_n of_o trade_n the_o say_a centre_n or_o gain_n within_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n not_o by_o a_o absolute_a power_n to_o be_v leave_v unto_o merchant_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o trade_n or_o in_o the_o dispose_n of_o money_n commodity_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n but_o by_o a_o direction_n ground_v upon_o law_n ordinance_n and_o proclamation_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o state_n affair_n merchant_n be_v ignorant_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o do_v only_o study_v for_o private_a benefit_n so_o that_o they_o must_v have_v leader_n and_o conductor_n whereunto_o buck_n and_o goat_n have_v be_v compare_v in_o time_n past_a lead_v the_o silly_a sheep_n to_o feed_v in_o mountainous_a place_n to_o prove_v therefore_o that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a doctrine_n or_o invention_n of_o i_o as_o misselden_n allege_v let_v we_o enter_v into_o consideration_n of_o the_o follow_a observation_n before_o our_o intend_a examination_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n in_o foreign_a trade●_n it_o be_v near_o 350._o year_n since_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o do_v erect_v the_o office_n of_o the_o king_n royal_a exchanger_n exchange_n ancient_a office_n of_o exchange_n which_o do_v continue_v successive_o by_o 16_o several_a letter_n patent_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o money_n be_v preserve_v within_o the_o same_o and_o the_o commodity_n be_v orderly_o vent_v &_o the_o merchandise_v exchange_n be_v then_o unknown_a king_n edward_n the_o three_o do_v constitute_v diverse_a exchange_n 7._o 9_o e._n 3._o 7._o in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o cause_v table_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o donor_n and_o elsewhere_o to_o answer_v the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n in_o the_o coin_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o it_o beyond_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o very_a value_n with_o some_o allowance_n to_o be_v give_v to_o accommodate_v merchant_n affair_n and_o traveller_n occasion_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o richard_n the_o second_o 2._o 5._o r._n 2._o 2._o and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la 6._o 2._o h._n 6._o 6._o then_o use_v and_o continue_v by_o henry_n the_o sixth_o and_o edward_n the_o four_o 16._o 4._o e._n 4._o 16._o but_o more_o especial_o by_o that_o wise_a and_o politic_a prince_n 6._o 2._o h._n 6._o 6._o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o 6._o 3._o h._n 7._o 6._o absolute_o forbid_v the_o make_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_n for_o foreign_a part_n without_o the_o king_n especial_a licence_n have_v and_o obtain_v for_o the_o same_o to_o which_o end_n all_o the_o several_a act_n of_o parliament_n touch_v the_o direct_n and_o order_v of_o