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earth_n according_a ancient_a zone_n 17 3 11.6695 5 false
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A72217 A new and accurate map of the world drawne according to the truest descriptions, latest discoueries, and best obseruations that haue been made by English or strangers. VVith briefe and most plaine notes vpon the vvhole body of cosmographie, for the easie vnderstanding thereof: pleasant and vsefull for all such as desire to know further then of their owne home. Grent, William. 1625 (1625) STC 12360.7; ESTC S124962 11,470 9

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part of the Globe is the Water which is diuided into 1. Oceanus 2. Mare 3. Fretum 4. Sinus 1. Oceanus the Ocean is that generall collection of all waters which enuironeth the world on euery side 2. Mare the Sea is a part of the Ocean to which we cannot come but through some Straite as Mare Mediterraneum Mare Balticum and the like These two take their names Either from the adiacent places as the Brittish Ocean the Germane sea the Atlantick sea Or from the first discouerer as Mare Magellanicum Dauis and Ferbishers straits c. Or from some remarkable accident as Mare Rubrum from the red colour of the Sands Mare Aegeum Pontus Euxinus and the like 3. Fretum a Straite is a part of the Ocean restrained within narrow bounds and opening a way to the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter Hellespont Anian 4. Sinus a Creeke is a crooked shoare thrufling out as it were two armes to imbrace the louely presence of the Sea at Sinus Adriaticus Sinus Persicus and Corinthiacus To this also belong Riuers Brookes and Fountaines which are engendred of congealed ayre in the earths concauities and seconded by the Seas waters creeping through hidden crannies thereof Thus much of the reall parts of the Globe in generall Of the Circles of this Map and their vses THe imaginary parts of the earth are such which not being at all in the Earth must yet bee supposed to bee so for the better teaching and learning this Science and are certaine Circles going about the Earth answerable to them in Heauen in name The Meridian which comes first to be considered is a great Circle compassing round the earth from Pole to Pole and is that which you see in the circumference of both Planispheares of this Map and wherein are written the names of the Zones and Climates This chiefe first fixed Meridian passeth through the Ilands called Azores according to the ancient Cosmographers and there are two reasons why they did there begin to reckon the longitude of the earth First for that at that time there was no land knowne further to the Westward then that place Secondly vnder that Meridian the needle in the Mariners Compasse had no variation but did point directly North and South There are also many Meridians according to the diuerse place in which a man liues the number of them equall to so many points as may bee imagined in the Globe but the vsuall setting them downe to view is by ten degrees asunder and are those blacke lines which you see in both Planispheares running down along from the North to the South Pole The vse of the Meridian is to shew the longitude of any place Now the longitude of a Region City or Cape is the distance of it East from the first great Meridian and this longitude is measured and numbred in the Aequinoctiall line by Meridians from the generall and fixed Meridian into the East and containeth the whole compasse of the earth viz. 360. degrees To proue this by example cast your eye on London and you shall see it something to the East of the second blacke Meridian passe downe with that blacke line to the Aequinoctiall and look as much East there as London is from that Meridian aboue then count the degrees of the Aequinoctiall from the first great Meridian to that place and that distance is the longitude of London which you may perceiue to be 20. degrees and better And the like manner of working is to be made for all other places That line full of degrees crossing both Planispheares straight along in the middle and diuiding the world into two halfs viz. North and South halfes is called the Aequinoctiall line or the Aequator either because it is of equall distance from both Poles of the world or else because the Sunne comming in this Circle makes the dayes and nights throughout the world of like length which happens vpon the 10. or 11. of March and the 13. or 14. of September It passes through Abassia or Prestor Iohns Kingdome and Mani Congo in Africa through the great Iland Sumatra and the Maldiue Iles of Asia and in America through Guiana The vse of it is to shew the Latitude of any Country Citie Promontory or the like Now the Latitude is the distance of a place toward the South or North from the Aequinoctiall line or middle of the world and is reckoned and measured vpon the Meridian toward either Pole those therefore haue Northerne latitude that inhabit betweene the Aequinoctiall and the North Pole as they haue Southerne latitude that are betweene the same Aequator and the South Pole Those blacke lines thwarting the blacke Meridians from East to West are parallels are also called Aequidistants being distant one from another 10. degrees toward both Poles and are here set downe for the easier counting the latitude of any place from the Aequinoctiall as for the latitude of London count so many decimall parallels till you come to the parallel which is neerest London you shall finde them to be fiue then follow that line to the Meridian and see the figures set thereat they are 50. moreouer adde to that number of 50. so much as London is situate aboue that parallel the space is one degree and a halfe thus shall you finde the latitude of London that is the distance thereof from the Aequator toward the North Pole to be 51. degrees and a halfe and in like manner must the Latitude of all other places be sought Thus much of Longitude and Latitude by which two the whole Earth is reckoned The Meridian and Aequinoctiall as also the Zodiacke are filled throughout with degrees the number 360. and euery degree consists of 60. Minutes and containes according to our ordinary account 20. leagues or threescore miles The great circle that is drawne bending bias in the one planispheare vp to the Tropicke of Cancer in the other downe to the Tropicke of Capricorne is the Zodiacke it is replenished with degrees and bears on it the characters of the 12. signes The vses of it are to shew ouer what Countries and people the body and beames of the Sunne come perpendicular at some times or other in the yeare and it shewes to all where the dayes increase and decrease the longest and shortest daies of the yeare for the Sunne which causeth the same being alwaies in this circle and therein mouing about one degree a day all the while he is comming vp from the Tropicke of Capricorne to that of Cancer the dayes increase in the Northerne Climats but contrariwise in his course backe from Cancer to Capricorne they shorten to vs and lengthen to those in the Southerne Climates and this Circle shewes the foure quarters of the yeare Spring Summer Autumne Winter The Tropicke of Cancer so called of the coelestiall signe Cancer is a circle whose distance from the Aequinoctiall toward the North is 23. degrees and a halfe When the Sunne is come so farre Northward as to touch
this circle then is our longest day in the yeare It passes through the Southermost parts of Barbary and Aegypt Arabia India China Noua Hispania and the Iland Cuba The Tropicke of Capricorne likewise so named of the signe Capricorne in the starry heauen is a circle of like distance as the other Tropicke from the Aequinoctiall Southward that is 23. degrees and a halfe When the Sunne is gone downe to this circle Southward it is our shortest day in the whole yeare This Tropicke passes through Monomotapa Saint Laurence Iland Peru and the South coasts of Brasile The Articke or North polar circle is distant from the North Pole 23. degrees and a halfe so much as the Tropicke of Cancer is from the Aequinoctiall but the distance betweene that Tropicke and it is 43. degrees You may see it passe through Island Norway Boddia Moscouie Tartary crosse Davis Straits and Groenland The Antarticke or South polar circle is distant from the South pole 23. degrees and a halfe so far as the Tropicke of Capricorne is from the Aequinoctiall This circle passes through Magellanica or Terra Australis Incognita onely Now these foure lesser circles viz. the two Tropickes and Polar circles doe fitly part the earth into fiue Zones The Zones A Zone is a space of earth contained betweene two of the smaller circles or within the compasse of either polar circle the name signifies as much as a girdle by reason that each Zone compasseth about the earth in manner of a girdle Of these there be two kinds one temperate the other vntemperate There bee two temperate Zones the one North the other South The North temperate Zone is that space of earth contained betweene the Tropicke of Cancer and the North polar circle The South temperate Zone is that space of earth stretched along betweene the Tropicke of Capricorne and the South polar circle They are called temperate Zones for that the ayre thereof hath a far better and more moderate temperature and meeter for man to inhabit then the vntemperate Zones The breadth of them is 43 degrees apiece which degrees make either temperate Zone to be 2580. English miles broad apiece The vntemperate Zones are twofold one exceeding in the extremity of heat the other as much in cold they haue beene thought in former times altogether vnhabitable but later experience hath found them more fit for habitation The Torrid or burnt Zone which is the hot vntemperate Zone is that space of heauen which you see contained betweene the Tropicke of Cancer and that of Capricorne It hath the name of Torrid because the Sunne continually passes thereouer and casting downe direct rayes affects it with a maruellous heat thereby making it not so conuenient for the inhabitants as the temperate Zones are The breadth of this Zone is comprehended betweene the two Tropickes and ●●●●aines 47. degrees that is of English miles 2820. The frozen Zones are space of earth inclosed within either of the Polar circles of these th●●e are two one North the other South The North frozen Zone is that space of earth contained within the compasse of the North polar circle The breadth thereof is reckoned 23. degrees and a halfe viz. from the Pole it selfe to the polar circle which of English miles is 1410. The South frozen Zone is that space of earth compassed all about with the South polar circle It hath the like breadth from the South pole as the other frozen Zone hath from the North pole and likewise the number of miles is the same They are called Frozen Zones because they for the most part exceed in cold and that is caused in regard that the Sunne for a good part of the yeare is vnder the Horizon and sees them not and when he is come vp into their sight his appearance which is for a pretty long season together rather comforts them then any virtuall heart proceeding from him for there the Ayre is stuft with thicke foggy vapours and his beames at highest fall but very oblikely on them so that what through his want and vnability to dispell the cold and the colds force to resist and beat backe the Sunnes heat these Zones remaine almost vnhabitable and euen as the word is frozen The names of all these set in the right place of each Zone you shall see in that Meridian going about America and Magellanica Of the Climats IN that great Meridian going about Europe Asia and Africa are described the Climates Now a Climat is a space of the Earth included within the space of two Parallels The vse of them is to shew the difference of length and shortnesse of dayes ouer all the world as you may see in the midst of euery Climat set the number of the houres of the longest day in the yeare vnder that Climat the longest day in one Climat differing halfe an houre from the longest in another So that there are foure and twenty Climes consisting of forty eight Parallels ere the day come to be 24. houres in length which is twelue houres longer then the ordinary Aequinoctiall day is Now this is to be vnderstood Vnder the Aequinoctiall line and 13. degrees that is 3. Parallels on either side thereof the dayes exceed not the length of twelue houres but after in euery Clime increase the length of halfe an houre so that there are numbred as is said before 48. Parallels which make 24. Climats before the dayes become 24. houres long the which length they being growne to their increase is then by whole weekes and moneths till in the foure and twentieth Clime about the Pole the day is full halfe a yeare long And as it is thus betweene the Aequator and North Pole so is it betweene the said Aequator and the South Pole wherefore there are two sorts of Climats that is 24. Northerne and as many Southerne The Climes Northward are thus named the first is Dia Meroes because the middle parallell thereof passes through the middest of the Inland Iland Meroe in the Continent of Africa the second is Dia Sienes the third Dia Alexandrias the fourth Dia Rhodos the fift Dia Romes the sixt Dia Ponton the seuenth Dia Boristhenes the eight Dia Ripheos the ninth Per Daniam The South Climes haue the same names saue onely that the word Antuis thereto added as Anti-Dia Meroes the next Anti-Dia Sienes and so along vnto the ninth Southward further then the ninth Clime on either side the Aequinoctiall they are not named but yet the Climes runne on both wayes to the number of 24. as is seene in the Meridian That there be but nine named the reason is because when these names were giuen no more then nine Climats were knowne to those of ancient times but since though the number of them be increast to 24. the rest are not so knowne by proper names but remaine innominate The Diuision of the Earth and of the foure parts thereof THe World in latter times hath been diuided into the known and vnknowne This