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to_o explain_v noah_n deluge_n and_o not_o one_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n now_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o deluge_n as_o this_o gentleman_n conceive_v be_v no_o way_n like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n for_o though_o the_o theorist_n compute_v but_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n yet_o i_o determine_v the_o quantity_n more_o nice_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o mr._n whistons_n theory_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n can_v but_o cover_v one_o part_n of_o twenty_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o the_o other_o twenty_o two_o part_n must_v remain_v dry_a and_o that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v overflow_v this_o part_n it_o must_v have_v proceed_v 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a_o examination_n of_o the_o reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n together_o with_o a_o defence_n of_o the_o remark_n on_o mr._n whiston_n new_a theory_n by_o j._n keill_n a._n m._n of_o ball._n coll._n oxon._n oxford_z print_v at_o the_o theater_n for_o henry_n clemens_n bookseller_n 1699._o imprimatur_fw-la will._n paynter_n vicecan_a oxon_n june_n 30._o 1699._o a_o examination_n of_o the_o reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o defence_n of_o the_o theory_n which_o have_v be_v late_o publish_v in_o answer_n to_o my_o examination_n of_o it_o be_v style_v reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o its_o author_n have_v observe_v the_o title_n and_o make_v more_o reflection_n on_o the_o theory_n though_o few_o on_o the_o examiner_n he_o have_v act_v more_o like_o a_o true_a philosopher_n and_o perhaps_o may_v have_v save_v himself_o the_o labour_n of_o publish_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o a_o ingenuous_a acknowledgement_n of_o 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different_a in_o their_o modification_n motion_n and_o figure_n i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o any_o body_n may_v not_o be_v change_v and_o put_v on_o the_o form_n of_o another_o and_o therefore_o if_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n principle_n there_o be_v no_o vacuity_n in_o nature_n not_o only_o the_o air_n may_v be_v change_v into_o water_n but_o also_o all_o the_o subtle_a matter_n which_o fill_v its_o pore_n and_o according_a to_o this_o principle_n of_o a_o plenum_fw-la that_o subtle_a matter_n will_v make_v as_o much_o water_n as_o if_o the_o same_o bulk_n of_o absolute_o solid_a matter_n be_v transform_v the_o defender_n allege_v that_o if_o i_o proceed_v upon_o such_o water_n as_o be_v already_o in_o be_v and_o make_v they_o either_o supercelestial_a or_o subterranneous_a i_o must_v tell_v he_o what_o these_o water_n be_v and_o must_v answer_v such_o objection_n as_o be_v bring_v against_o either_o sort_n in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o theory_n if_o he_o mean_v that_o i_o shall_v tell_v he_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o water_n and_o of_o what_o sort_n it_o be_v i_o answer_v that_o it_o may_v be_v common_a water_n for_o that_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o drown_v the_o world_n but_o if_o he_o design_n that_o i_o shall_v tell_v he_o from_o what_o place_n it_o be_v bring_v and_o how_o it_o come_v there_o i_o must_v own_o i_o know_v not_o for_o to_o answer_v the_o question_n which_o he_o make_v in_o another_o place_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v all_o over_o the_o universe_n to_o make_v observation_n nor_o have_v i_o have_v any_o revelation_n make_v i_o it_o be_v enough_o both_o for_o he_o and_o i_o to_o suppose_v this_o water_n like_o common_a water_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o power_n of_o god_n the_o argument_n which_o the_o
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never_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n in_o either_o of_o those_o place_n but_o it_o seem_v this_o defender_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o constitution_n from_o those_o we_o have_v now_o so_o that_o he_o must_v think_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o our_o plant_n be_v perfect_o alter_v and_o change_v or_o that_o god_n almighty_n have_v destroy_v the_o old_a be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o a_o quite_o new_a species_n of_o vegetable_n and_o plant_n this_o be_v a_o miracle_n that_o be_v record_v no_o where_n in_o scripture_n or_o any_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o think_v we_o oblige_v on_o his_o word_n to_o believe_v it_o i_o affirm_v also_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o position_n as_o the_o theorist_n assign_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v habitable_a for_o he_o himself_o 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unmerciful_a as_o it_o be_v there_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n in_o these_o cold_a country_n the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o food_n be_v bread_n herb_n root_n milk_n cheese_n and_o the_o like_a and_o who_o seldom_o taste_v any_o flesh-meat_n and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o antediluvian_o lead_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o life_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o imposition_n be_v hard_a upon_o one_o than_o the_o other_o the_o defender_n say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v from_o history_n and_o he_o wish_v the_o examiner_n will_v consult_v antiquity_n which_o will_v give_v he_o a_o more_o favourable_a opinion_n of_o the_o theory_n as_o to_o this_o point_n one_o will_v imagine_v by_o this_o that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v the_o observation_n of_o some_o antediluvian_n astronomer_n to_o produce_v who_o have_v find_v that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v change_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a into_o the_o present_a oblique_a posture_n but_o instead_o of_o those_o he_o only_o quote_v some_o philosopher_n that_o do_v not_o live_v within_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n of_o the_o time_n when_o this_o change_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v what_o credit_n be_v there_o to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o a_o tradition_n can_v we_o imagine_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n certain_o know_v from_o author_n that_o live_v so_o long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o change_n especial_o when_o these_o man_n have_v say_v a_o thousand_o other_o thing_n that_o neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o any_o body_n else_o can_v believe_v and_o yet_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v say_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o very_o little_a to_o his_o purpose_n diogenes_n
circle_n that_o have_v the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o their_o axis_n for_o they_o do_v so_o now_o and_o must_v do_v so_o whatever_o position_n the_o earth_n obtain_v if_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n be_v only_o apparent_a and_o cause_v by_o the_o real_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o its_o axis_n i_o fancy_v therefore_o that_o by_o a_o concentrical_a motion_n he_o mean_v if_o he_o mean_v any_o thing_n that_o which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o circle_n which_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o the_o word_n imply_v and_o i_o be_o confirm_v in_o the_o opinion_n that_o this_o or_o some_o other_o strange_a thing_n be_v mean_v by_o this_o word_n because_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o archaeolog_n assert_n that_o in_o his_o primitive_a earth_n all_o its_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v ascii_n that_o be_v they_o will_v have_v no_o shadow_n at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n or_o they_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a to_o they_o at_o that_o time_n 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discourse_n and_o term_n be_v so_o odd_a and_o strange_a that_o i_o sometime_o believe_v they_o be_v term_n that_o be_v use_v by_o the_o antediluvian_n father_n for_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o can_v be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o present_a mode_n and_o manner_n of_o speak_v the_o design_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n be_v to_o consider_v the_o theorist_n method_n of_o form_v river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v furnish_v with_o vapour_n draw_v from_o the_o abyss_n through_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n against_o this_o i_o object_v that_o from_o thence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o must_v necessary_o require_v some_o time_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v penetrate_v through_o a_o thick_a crust_n to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n all_o which_o 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antediluvian_n rivers_n for_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o sun_n can_v act_v as_o free_o upon_o the_o abyss_n as_o it_o do_v now_o upon_o the_o open_a sea_n who_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o continual_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n whereas_o the_o abyss_n be_v enclose_v by_o a_o thick_a crustation_n in_o which_o be_v all_o the_o material_n of_o earth_n sand_n day_n gravel_n oar_n and_o metalline_a substance_n and_o see_v the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v now_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v but_o just_a sufficient_a to_o supply_v we_o with_o rain_n and_o vapour_n do_v it_o not_o seem_v a_o thing_n against_o common_a sense_n to_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n enclose_v with_o a_o thick_a shell_n can_v have_v send_v out_o a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n but_o i_o pass_v from_o these_o general_a word_n and_o reduce_v the_o matter_n to_o calculation_n where_o i_o show_v that_o if_o we_o allow_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o pore_n crack_n and_o chap_n through_o which_o the_o sun_n must_v have_v act_v on_o the_o abyss_n to_o have_v be_v 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n there_o will_v then_o have_v be_v five_o thousand_o time_n less_o vapour_n to_o have_v serve_v twice_o as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o dry_a land_n and_o therefore_o that_o in_o a_o country_n as_o big_a as_o britain_n there_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o much_o as_o one_o river_n nor_o so_o much_o rain_n in_o a_o year_n as_o do_v now_o fall_v in_o a_o day_n all_o the_o answer_n the_o defender_n make_v to_o this_o be_v that_o i_o suppose_v great_a crack_n and_o pit_n through_o which_o the_o vapour_n ascend_v who_o dimension_n and_o capacity_n i_o examine_v at_o pleasure_n whereas_o he_o do_v not_o
find_v that_o the_o theorist_n make_v any_o mention_n of_o these_o crack_n for_o that_o purpose_n the_o only_a question_n be_v whither_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v so_o low_a as_o the_o abyss_n when_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_v and_o its_o pore_n enlarge_v here_o he_o be_v mistake_v this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a question_n for_o there_o be_v another_o material_a one_o beside_o viz._n that_o suppose_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n whether_o there_o can_v have_v be_v vapour_n enough_o extract_v from_o it_o to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n and_o i_o think_v i_o have_v prove_v that_o there_o can_v not_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o will_v not_o allow_v of_o the_o calculation_n because_o it_o suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v through_o large_a crack_n fissure_v and_o chap_n which_o he_o say_v the_o theorist_n do_v not_o mention_v for_o any_o such_o purpose_n but_o he_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o have_v act_v only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n well_o let_v we_o grant_v his_o supposition_n that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o act_v through_o large_a crack_n and_o fissure_v which_o i_o think_v will_v best_o serve_v his_o design_n but_o only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o will_v see_v how_o much_o the_o theorist_n will_v gain_v by_o it_o i_o be_o accuse_v of_o deal_v unfair_o with_o the_o theorist_n when_o i_o make_v he_o suppose_v that_o mountain_n make_v way_n for_o the_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n of_o vapour_n if_o this_o be_v unfair_a deal_n i_o can_v tell_v what_o will_v be_v fair_a for_o the_o theorist_n himself_o have_v express_o say_v so_o in_o his_o book_n 11._o chap._n 5._o parag._n 4._o of_o the_o english_a theory_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o say_v draw_v the_o vapour_n to_o they_o his_o word_n be_v these_o the_o cold_a of_o those_o part_n attract_v they_o as_o we_o call_v it_o that_o be_v make_v way_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n without_o resistance_n as_o mountain_n and_o cold_a place_n usual_o draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o warm_a though_o i_o quote_v these_o word_n in_o the_o examination_n yet_o the_o defender_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v no_o such_o thing_n it_o seem_v then_o that_o he_o can_v say_v one_o thing_n and_o suppose_v another_o if_o so_o i_o wish_v the_o defender_n will_v give_v we_o two_o catalogue_n one_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o he_o say_v and_o suppose_v to_o be_v true_a and_o another_o of_o those_o thing_n he_o say_v without_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v true_a i_o hope_v in_o this_o last_o we_o shall_v find_v what_o be_v say_v in_o the_o seven_o 8_o and_o 9th_o chapter_n of_o the_o archaeologiae_fw-la concern_v the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o world_n its_o primitive_a state_n and_o the_o fall_v of_o man._n our_o next_o dispute_n be_v about_o the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n the_o theorist_n assert_v that_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o north_n and_o south_n now_o i_o prove_v that_o it_o will_v be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n because_o i_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o continual_a wind_n blow_v that_o way_n in_o a_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n to_o change_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o wind_n just_a as_o it_o be_v now_o in_o the_o atlantic_a and_o pacisick_n ocean_n and_o see_v the_o vapour_n swim_v in_o a_o air_n of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n with_o themselves_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o they_o must_v follow_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o air_n and_o be_v likewise_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o defender_n grant_v that_o their_o motion_n will_v be_v at_o first_o that_o way_n but_o say_v he_o the_o question_n here_o be_v where_o they_o will_v be_v condense_v or_o where_o they_o will_v fall_v i_o think_v it_o do_v not_o signify_v any_o thing_n where_o they_o fall_v for_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o will_v not_o fall_v or_o be_v condense_v in_o a_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v never_o carry_v that_o be_v towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n the_o theorist_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o cold_a in_o the_o north_n and_o south_n part_v attract_v the_o vapour_n thither_o that_o be_v as_o he_o explain_v it_o make_v way_n for_o their_o motion_n and_o dilatation_n but_o because_o i_o show_v that_o this_o method_n savour_v a_o little_a of_o absurdity_n our_o theory-mender_n say_v that_o the_o vapour_n be_v divert_v towards_o north_n and_o south_n by_o a_o impulse_n of_o new_a vapour_n this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v as_o unnatural_a as_o the_o other_o for_o if_o the_o vapour_n be_v crowd_v on_o one_o another_o by_o their_o mutual_a impulse_n they_o will_v condense_a one_o another_o and_o fall_v down_o in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v crowd_v i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o a_o atom_n of_o vapour_n however_o impel_v shall_v make_v its_o way_n through_o a_o atmosphere_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o its_o self_n for_o some_o thousand_o of_o mile_n towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n when_o a_o stone_n which_o have_v some_o thousand_o time_n more_o density_n than_o vapour_n and_o consequent_o some_o thousand_o of_o time_n also_o more_o force_n to_o break_v the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_n if_o it_o be_v to_o move_v to_o eternity_n in_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o will_v never_o make_v any_o considerable_a way_n in_o the_o medium_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a loss_n of_o its_o motion_n it_o seem_v to_o contradict_v our_o sense_n to_o suppose_v that_o vapour_n can_v move_v through_o the_o air_n without_o suffer_v such_o a_o resistance_n as_o must_v condense_a they_o we_o observe_v that_o those_o vapour_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cloud_n when_o the_o air_n grow_v light_a begin_v to_o fall_v no_o doubt_n in_o the_o form_n of_o vapour_n but_o afterward_o suffer_v a_o considerable_a resistance_n from_o the_o air_n they_o be_v condense_v into_o drop_n of_o rain_n if_o then_o the_o resistance_n the_o vapour_n meet_v with_o for_o so_o small_a a_o way_n be_v sufficient_a to_o condense_a they_o be_v it_o not_o natural_o impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v travel_v some_o thousand_o of_o miles_n and_o not_o be_v condense_v till_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o pole_n our_o author_n proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n and_o answer_v the_o argument_n that_o be_v bring_v against_o the_o theorist_n way_n of_o make_v a_o deluge_n it_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o theory_n that_o after_o some_o age_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n must_v have_v pierce_v through_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o reach_v the_o abyss_n where_o it_o must_v have_v rarify_v the_o water_n there_o and_o raise_v a_o immense_a quantity_n of_o they_o into_o vapour_n these_o endeavour_v to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o let_v they_o pass_v through_o will_v press_v upon_o the_o crust_n and_o break_v it_o into_o piece_n so_o that_o its_o fall_n upon_o the_o abyss_n will_v produce_v a_o universal_a deluge_n against_o this_o i_o object_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v reach_v far_o into_o the_o earth_n so_o as_o to_o perform_v any_o considerable_a effect_n since_o by_o observation_n it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o cave_n and_o vault_n there_o be_v not_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n of_o heat_n in_o summer_n and_o winter_n and_o therefore_o see_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v so_o little_a effect_n in_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v so_o near_o its_o surface_n how_o can_v any_o one_o imagine_v that_o it_o will_v have_v any_o upon_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o thick_a crust_n but_o because_o this_o argument_n be_v propose_v in_o general_a term_n i_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v it_o to_o calculation_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o assume_v one_o postulatum_fw-la viz._n that_o few_o ray_n of_o heat_n pass_v to_o the_o abyss_n through_o the_o crust_n than_o if_o it_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o several_a surface_n at_o some_o considerable_a distance_n from_o one_o another_o suppose_n 10.20_o or_o 30._o foot_n every_o one_o of_o which_o reflect_v half_o the_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o transmit_v the_o other_o half_a '_o this_o i_o think_v be_v a_o postulatum_fw-la which_o every_o body_n will_v have_v grant_v and_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o of_o the_o sun_n light_n and_o heat_n be_v diminish_v by_o a_o thin_a cloud_n of_o vapour_n place_v between_o it_o and_o we_o and_o how_o much_o light_n be_v reflect_v by_o the_o common_a air_n when_o it_o pass_v through_o it_o we_o can_v but_o own_o that_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o
pass_v through_o every_o 20._o or_o 30._o foot_n of_o a_o solid_a crust_n must_v be_v at_o least_o the_o half_a of_o what_o fall_v upon_o it_o upon_o this_o supposition_n i_o show_v that_o if_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hundred_o of_o these_o surface_n the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o first_o will_v be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o last_o as_o 2_o 99_o to_o i_o or_o as_o the_o 99th_o power_n of_o 2._o to_o unity_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o we_o take_v the_o distance_n as_o the_o logarithm_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o each_o of_o these_o distance_n will_v be_v as_o the_o absolute_a number_n belong_v to_o these_o logarithm_n thus_o if_o a_o b_o represent_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o crust_n a_o c_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o a_o d_o e_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o d_o and_o if_o we_o draw_v through_o the_o point_n c_o and_o e_o the_o logarithmick_n curve_v to_o the_o asymptote_n a_o b_o the_o applicate_v b_o f_o will_v represent_v the_o number_n of_o ray_n which_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n at_o b_o which_o in_o our_o present_a case_n be_v vast_o less_o than_o ac_fw-la perhaps_o the_o defender_n will_v say_v that_o the_o ray_n be_v diminish_v in_o pass_v through_o a_o medium_n but_o yet_o he_o do_v not_o see_v how_o they_o shall_v be_v diminish_v in_o the_o proportion_n i_o have_v assign_v viz._n so_o that_o the_o applicate_v to_o the_o logarithmick_a curve_v be_v always_o as_o the_o quantity_n of_o ray_n which_o pass_v through_o well_o that_o he_o may_v see_v that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o precarious_a assumption_n i_o will_v give_v he_o my_o reason_n for_o it_o though_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v by_o a_o calculus_fw-la seem_v to_o be_v plain_a and_o obvious_a enough_o to_o those_o who_o understand_v the_o common_a principle_n of_o calculation_n which_o as_o i_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v unknown_a to_o none_o that_o pretend_v either_o to_o write_v or_o defend_v a_o theory_n as_o the_o theorist_n himself_o own_v yet_o the_o defender_n do_v whatever_o he_o can_v to_o find_v shist_n and_o evasion_n for_o such_o argument_n and_o here_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o consider_v surface_n but_o pore_n well_o that_o he_o may_v see_v how_o ready_a i_o be_o to_o please_v and_o obey_v he_o i_o have_v do_v this_o already_o in_o the_o 71._o page_z of_o this_o treatise_n where_o i_o have_v show_v that_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o any_o surface_n that_o be_v expose_v open_o to_o it_o its_o heat_n on_o that_o surface_n will_v be_v 202500._o time_n great_a than_o its_o heat_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n when_o it_o shine_v only_o through_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o crust_n which_o disproportion_n be_v great_a enough_o to_o show_v that_o no_o great_a store_n of_o vapour_n can_v be_v rarify_v in_o the_o abyss_n but_o say_v he_o those_o that_o allow_v a_o comet_n at_o its_o near_a approach_n to_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v pierce_v through_o and_o through_o so_o as_o to_o become_v hot_a than_o red_a hot_a iron_n will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o at_o our_o distance_n it_o shall_v have_v some_o proportional_a effect_n upon_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v we_o illustrate_v his_o similitude_n by_o another_o those_o who_o allow_v that_o a_o ball_n of_o iron_n ten_o inch_n thick_a when_o put_v in_o a_o good_a fire_n may_v be_v make_v red_a hot_a and_o be_v pierce_v by_o the_o fire_n through_o and_o through_o will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o this_o ball_n of_o iron_n remove_v 10._o foot_n from_o the_o fire_n shall_v receive_v some_o proportionable_a heat_n even_o in_o its_o inward_a part_n as_o without_o doubt_v it_o will_v but_o the_o question_n be_v if_o this_o effect_n be_v any_o way_n sensible_a or_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v some_o water_n enclose_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o ball_n whether_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n can_v raise_v it_o into_o vapour_n at_o such_o a_o distance_n so_o that_o the_o force_n those_o vapour_n have_v to_o expand_v themselves_o will_v break_v or_o burst_v the_o ball_n i_o think_v that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v know_v so_o much_o of_o the_o new_a experimental_a philosophy_n as_o not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a that_o heat_n do_v not_o pass_v into_o the_o interior_a part_n of_o a_o solid_a of_o considerable_a thickness_n till_o it_o have_v quite_o dissolve_v the_o exterior_a part_n and_o if_o the_o solid_a be_v combustible_a as_o wood_n it_o consume_v the_o outward_a part_n before_o it_o have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n upon_o the_o interior_n but_o if_o its_o part_n be_v compact_v as_o metal_n or_o stone_n it_o loosen_v and_o dissolve_v the_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o the_o outward_a part_n and_o so_o make_v its_o way_n to_o the_o inward_a but_o our_o philosopher_n think_v he_o have_v find_v out_o one_o remarkable_a phoenomenon_n by_o which_o he_o can_v prove_v effectual_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n peirce_v deep_a into_o the_o crust_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o earthquake_n he_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o and_o their_o depth_n and_o he_o say_v that_o all_o agree_v that_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n this_o rarefaction_n say_v he_o must_v be_v make_v by_o some_o heat_n and_o no_o other_o be_v prove_v to_o we_o yet_o by_o this_o author_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n why_o shall_v i_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v he_o in_o all_o his_o difficulty_n in_o philosophy_n do_v ever_o i_o set_v up_o to_o be_v a_o theorist_n and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o phoenomena_fw-la of_o nature_n well_o but_o it_o seem_v he_o expect_v it_o from_o i_o and_o though_o i_o be_o no_o way_n oblige_v to_o it_o yet_o out_o of_o abundance_n of_o good_a nature_n i_o will_v give_v my_o opinion_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o think_v then_o that_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o vapour_n within_o the_o earth_n may_v arise_v from_o another_o heat_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o actual_a fire_n which_o always_o burn_v in_o several_a place_n of_o it_o which_o sometime_o burst_v out_o and_o make_v a_o horrible_a eruption_n as_o in_o all_o vulcano_n and_o fiery_a mountain_n and_o why_o may_v not_o this_o fire_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o rarefaction_n this_o appear_v to_o be_v more_o probable_a because_o earthquake_n be_v most_o common_a in_o those_o place_n where_o these_o vulcanos_fw-la be_v as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v no_o actual_a fire_n under_o ground_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o heat_n may_v arise_v from_o other_o cause_n than_o that_o of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o from_o a_o due_a mixture_n of_o some_o particle_n of_o matter_n with_o those_o of_o another_o sort_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o very_a considerable_a heat_n some_o place_n underground_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v exceed_o hot_a as_o some_o mine_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mixture_n of_o sulphureous_a nitrous_a and_o mineral_n principle_n the_o heat_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o a_o man_n can_v easy_o endure_v it_o even_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n there_o be_v other_o place_n so_o warm_a that_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o they_o will_v scald_v a_o man_n hand_n and_o may_v we_o not_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cavity_n deep_a underground_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o the_o same_o frame_n and_o texture_n of_o part_n now_o if_o some_o sulphureous_a and_o nitrous_a exhalation_n shall_v be_v gather_v together_o within_o any_o of_o these_o cavity_n and_o by_o motion_n or_o any_o other_o accident_n they_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v kindle_v it_o be_v plain_a they_o will_v expand_v themselves_o rarify_v the_o air_n and_o make_v that_o concussion_n of_o the_o ground_n we_o usual_o observe_v in_o earthquake_n now_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o exhalation_n may_v be_v kindle_v without_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o observation_n that_o be_v daily_a to_o be_v make_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n where_o the_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n be_v kindle_v in_o the_o air_n when_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v not_o strong_a this_o be_v also_o observe_v of_o meteor_n which_o we_o common_o call_v fall_a star_n who_o matter_n be_v kindle_v in_o the_o nighttime_n when_o the_o immediate_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v have_v as_o little_a effect_n as_o it_o have_v within_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o safisfy_v he_o that_o earthquake_n may_v arise_v from_o
and_o the_o water_n prevail_v and_o be_v increase_v great_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o ark_n go_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n vers_fw-la 19_o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v exceed_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o be_v under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 20._o fifteen_o cubit_n upward_o do_v the_o water_n prevail_v and_o the_o mountain_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 24._o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n chap._n 8._o ver_fw-la 1._o and_o god_n make_v a_o wind_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n assuage_v verss_n 2._o the_o fountain_n also_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o rain_n from_o heaven_n be_v restrain_v vers_fw-la 3._o and_o the_o water_n return_v from_o off_o the_o earth_n continual_o and_o after_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v ver_fw-la 5._o and_o the_o water_n decrease_v continual_o until_o the_o ten_o month_n in_o the_o ten_o month_n on_o the_o five_o day_n of_o the_o month_n be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n see_v we_o may_v observe_v from_o this_o that_o the_o scripture_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v under_o a_o deluge_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o prevail_v gradual_o every_o where_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n that_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v that_o all_o these_o mountain_n lay_v under_o water_n for_o several_a month_n that_o the_o ark_n swim_v and_o be_v carry_v up_o above_o the_o mountain_n and_o when_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o abate_v it_o rest_v at_o last_o upon_o one_o of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v the_o eight_o month_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o deluge_n when_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n first_o begin_v to_o appear_v till_o which_o time_n they_o lay_v all_o of_o they_o hide_v and_o cover_v with_o water_n now_o in_o the_o theorist_n imaginary_a deluge_n it_o be_v plain_a as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o a_o twenty_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n cover_v with_o water_n at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o water_n can_v not_o increase_v gradual_o in_o any_o one_o place_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n since_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o water_n in_o that_o time_n his_o single_a ocean_n of_o water_n can_v not_o stay_v but_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o part_n of_o that_o time_n in_o one_o place_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v go_v off_o from_o that_o place_n and_o leave_v it_o dry_v long_o before_o the_o end_n of_o those_o day_n nor_o be_v this_o idea_n of_o a_o deluge_n less_o consistent_a with_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n than_o it_o be_v with_o scripture_n be_v it_o possible_a to_o conceive_v a_o move_a wander_a mountain_n of_o water_n for_o water_n natural_o settle_v its_o self_n into_o a_o surface_n concentrical_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o whatever_o force_n or_o however_o it_o shall_v be_v raise_v into_o a_o heap_n it_o will_v immediate_o spread_v itself_o uniform_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o descend_v by_o whatever_o way_n it_o can_v if_o therefore_o we_o shall_v suppose_v all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n draw_v or_o force_v up_o to_o cover_v the_o hill_n of_o any_o one_o place_n it_o will_v immediate_o descend_v and_o form_v itself_o into_o a_o surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o spread_v its_o self_n equal_o every_o where_n upon_o the_o valley_n of_o the_o earth_n leave_v the_o mountain_n quite_o uncover_v the_o theorist_n himself_o acknowledge_v that_o a_o mountain_n of_o water_n be_v a_o impossible_a thing_n and_o indeed_o this_o notion_n of_o a_o deluge_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o extravagant_a that_o i_o can_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n will_v be_v so_o credulous_a as_o to_o believe_v it_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o it_o can_v be_v any_o other_o way_n if_o we_o suppose_v all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v cover_v with_o a_o ocean_n of_o water_n of_o no_o great_a dimension_n than_o that_o assign_v in_o the_o theory_n which_o can_v cover_v more_o than_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n the_o defender_n in_o vain_a allege_v that_o we_o be_v to_o conceive_v this_o ocean_n as_o a_o mighty_a rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n all_o the_o mountain_n for_o this_o will_v not_o at_o all_o take_v away_o the_o absurdity_n because_o motion_n can_v never_o multiply_v any_o body_n nor_o make_v it_o to_o be_v at_o more_o place_n than_o one_o at_o a_o time_n water_n can_v only_o by_o motion_n be_v in_o many_o place_n successive_o which_o will_v give_v we_o the_o idea_n of_o such_o a_o move_a heap_n or_o mountain_n of_o water_n as_o we_o have_v just_a now_o prove_v impossible_a nor_o be_v this_o notion_n of_o a_o deluge_n agreeable_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o theory_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o crust_n to_o have_v be_v break_v by_o the_o force_n of_o vapour_n endeavour_v to_o expand_v themselves_o it_o must_v immediate_o fall_v down_o and_o drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o abyss_n out_o of_o its_o place_n some_o one_o way_n and_o some_o another_o this_o water_n will_v ascend_v with_o a_o very_a considerable_a force_n let_v we_o suppose_v as_o far_o as_o five_o mile_n perpendicular_a height_n after_o which_o it_o will_v descend_v again_o and_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o all_o this_o will_v be_v by_o computation_n in_o much_o less_o time_n than_o one_o day_n these_o water_n have_v acquire_v a_o great_a force_n by_o their_o fall_n will_v descend_v very_o swift_o into_o the_o valley_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o leave_v both_o mountain_n and_o upper-ground_n quite_o uncover_v and_o as_o the_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n can_v cover_v no_o more_o than_o a_o twenty_o three_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n so_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o can_v remain_v but_o a_o very_a short_a time_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o those_o mountain_n it_o overflow_v whereas_o in_o noah_n deluge_n all_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o water_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n thus_o i_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o deluge_n the_o defender_n endeavour_v to_o explain_v be_v neither_o consistent_a with_o the_o holy_a scripture_n true_a reason_n and_o philosophy_n nor_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o theory_n from_o whence_o he_o pretend_v to_o deduce_v it_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o what_o the_o theorist_n have_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v one_o of_o his_o gross_a and_o most_o palpable_a error_n and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o positive_a demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o figure_n direct_o contrary_a to_o that_o he_o assign_v yet_o his_o defender_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o maintain_v it_o and_o therefore_o spend_v more_o time_n and_o paper_n about_o it_o than_o upon_o any_o other_o point_n he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o what_o have_v be_v say_v by_o several_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n of_o the_o present_a age_n upon_o this_o subject_a though_o one_o will_v think_v that_o they_o know_v the_o method_n to_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n much_o better_a than_o either_o the_o theorist_n or_o himself_o he_o be_v afraid_a that_o they_o will_v give_v it_o against_o he_o and_o therefore_o he_o appeal_v from_o they_o to_o some_o far_a observation_n that_o he_o and_o the_o theorist_n point_v out_o and_o direct_v we_o to_o make_v as_o to_o observe_v for_o instance_n whether_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o same_o in_o different_a latitude_n or_o whether_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o a_o total_a eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v true_o round_a as_o also_o to_o observe_v if_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o return_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o their_o horizon_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o a_o spherical_a surface_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o be_v the_o observation_n the_o theorist_n will_v have_v make_v to_o determine_v the_o controversy_n which_o i_o will_v now_o consider_v leave_v the_o defender_n observation_n to_o be_v examine_v in_o a_o proper_a place_n i_o note_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o i_o do_v not_o think_v any_o observation_n that_o can_v be_v make_v upon_o different_a measure_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o different_a latitude_n can_v be_v so_o nice_a and_o exact_a as_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o determine_v the_o point_n in_o controversy_n for_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a diameter_n of_o the_o
may_v find_v several_a hundred_o of_o people_n that_o can_v tell_v he_o that_o there_o be_v other_o cause_v find_v for_o the_o celestial_a motion_n than_o the_o vortices_fw-la which_o will_v easy_o explain_v all_o those_o phoenomena_fw-la he_o have_v just_a now_o mention_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o planet_n move_v in_o elliptical_a orbit_n be_v now_o discover_v it_o be_v know_v why_o they_o move_v swift_a at_o their_o perihelia_n and_o slow_a at_o their_o aphelia_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o procession_n of_o the_o equinox_n be_v now_o no_o long_o a_o mystery_n and_o which_o be_v for_o our_o purpose_n it_o depend_v upon_o principle_n that_o ruin_v the_o theorist_n figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o assert_v the_o direct_a contrary_n make_v it_o in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o broad_a spheroid_fw-fr the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n apogeon_n forward_o and_o of_o its_o nodes_fw-la backward_o its_o variation_n and_o all_o its_o other_o motion_n be_v easy_o account_v for_o by_o the_o same_o cause_n none_o of_o which_o can_v ever_o be_v make_v out_o by_o the_o vortices_fw-la for_o by_o they_o we_o can_v answer_v the_o first_o question_n the_o defender_n put_v viz._n what_o be_v it_o that_o carry_v the_o planet_n round_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o same_o velocity_n for_o many_o age_n nay_o suppose_v that_o we_o be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o any_o other_o cause_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o vortices_fw-la can_v never_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o celestial_a motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o vortex_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o straitness_n in_o the_o orbit_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o the_o theorist_n and_o the_o defender_n suppose_v but_o if_o i_o shall_v allow_v they_o both_o their_o vortices_fw-la and_o the_o straitness_n of_o their_o orb_n i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o they_o will_v signify_v nothing_o to_o their_o purpose_n the_o defender_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o reason_n about_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v upon_o the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o globe_n of_o it_o be_v once_o fluid_a and_o from_o thence_o he_o pretend_v to_o confirm_v the_o theory_n for_o say_v he_o neither_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n oblong_o or_o oblate_a can_v be_v prove_v from_o the_o rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o gravity_n without_o suppose_v the_o globe_n form_v into_o that_o shape_n before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v harden_v before_o it_o come_v to_o be_v load_v and_o stiffen_v with_o rock_n and_o stony_a mountain_n and_o therefore_o upon_o both_o hypothesis_n it_o must_v be_v allow_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o time_n such_o a_o state_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o its_o tender_a orb_n be_v capable_a of_o these_o impression_n and_o modification_n and_o that_o orb_n must_v have_v lyen_fw-we above_o the_o water_n not_o under_o they_o nor_o radicate_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o they_o and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n this_o concretion_n upon_o the_o water_n say_v he_o must_v have_v be_v throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n why_o one_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_n shall_v be_v cover_v more_o than_o another_o so_o say_v he_o that_o in_o effect_n we_o must_v suppose_v that_o all_o the_o watery_a globe_n be_v at_o first_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o earthy_a concretion_n now_o this_o be_v admit_v say_v he_o we_o have_v confirm_v the_o main_a point_n of_o the_o theory_n namely_o that_o the_o abyss_n be_v at_o first_o cover_v over_o with_o a_o orb_n of_o earth_n and_o if_o we_o will_v grant_v he_o this_o he_o will_v compound_v for_o the_o rest_n he_o be_v a_o little_a too_o unreasonable_a in_o expect_v grant_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v altogether_o precarious_a and_o affirm_v without_o so_o much_o as_o a_o show_n of_o a_o argument_n my_o business_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o he_o have_v deduce_v a_o wrong_a conclusion_n from_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n and_o principle_n and_o therefore_o suppose_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v once_o fluid_a i_o prove_v from_o thence_o that_o it_o must_v have_v settle_v itself_o into_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o broad_a spheroid_fw-fr and_o not_o of_o a_o oblong_a one_o but_o yet_o i_o demonstrate_v that_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v partly_o fluid_a and_o partly_o dry_a as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a that_o even_o in_o that_o ease_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v spheroidical_a because_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o land_n be_v very_o near_o of_o the_o same_o figure_n with_o the_o sea_n only_o raise_v a_o little_a high_o that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v overflow_v and_o compose_v with_o it_o the_o same_o solid_a but_o the_o sea_n be_v fluid_a will_v settle_v its_o self_n into_o just_a such_o a_o figure_n as_o if_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v fluid_a that_o be_v as_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v its_o surface_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o a_o broad_a spheroid_fw-fr and_o therefore_o the_o land_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o figure_n will_v be_v so_o likewise_o and_o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v prove_v that_o whether_o we_o suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o entire_o fluid_a or_o to_o have_v be_v compose_v of_o part_n some_o solid_a and_o some_o fluid_a that_o from_o either_o of_o these_o supposition_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o the_o theorist_n assign_v but_o say_v our_o author_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v from_o the_o begin_n in_o this_o present_a form_n firm_a and_o solid_a as_o it_o be_v now_o rocky_a and_o mountainous_a than_o the_o question_n be_v how_o the_o part_n or_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o equator_fw-la can_v be_v raise_v above_o a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o into_o a_o oblate_a spheroid_fw-fr suppose_v then_o the_o water_n raise_v by_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n how_o be_v the_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la raise_v or_o how_o can_v it_o be_v raise_v by_o that_o or_o any_o such_o cause_n these_o question_n say_v he_o be_v no_o matter_n of_o difficulty_n to_o the_o theorist_n who_o suppose_v the_o first_o earth_n to_o have_v cover_v the_o water_n and_o to_o have_v take_v their_o shape_n whatever_o it_o be_v as_o upon_o a_o mould_n however_o easy_a they_o may_v be_v to_o the_o theorist_n i_o assure_v he_o that_o they_o be_v much_o easy_a to_o i_o who_o suppose_v that_o god_n almighty_n raise_v the_o land_n at_o the_o beginning_n when_o he_o form_v the_o earth_n into_o the_o figure_n it_o have_v at_o present_a which_o otherwise_o can_v never_o have_v rise_v of_o its_o self_n the_o dry_a land_n therefore_o be_v raise_v and_o form_v into_o a_o spheroidical_a figure_n by_o its_o wise_a creator_n on_o purpose_n that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v overflow_v by_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o as_o i_o have_v prove_v must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v high_a there_o than_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o land_n at_o the_o 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the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v move_v towards_o the_o pole_n where_o they_o will_v come_v near_o to_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n that_o be_v because_o all_o body_n endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o go_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o the_o defender_n say_v that_o the_o theorist_n assert_v that_o all_o body_n do_v conari_fw-la à _fw-la centro_fw-la svi_fw-la motus_fw-la recedere_fw-la which_o i_o have_v render_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o change_v the_o word_n centre_n into_o axis_n of_o plain_a sense_n say_v he_o i_o have_v make_v nonsense_n and_o then_o he_o be_v so_o free_a as_o to_o own_o that_o the_o conclusion_n
will_v follow_v from_o my_o own_o word_n but_o not_o from_o those_o of_o the_o theorist_n i_o own_o that_o i_o change_v the_o word_n centre_n into_o axis_n not_o careless_o but_o wilful_o with_o a_o design_n not_o of_o make_v it_o nonsense_n but_o better_a sense_n than_o it_o be_v before_o for_o we_o never_o say_v that_o a_o sphere_n turn_v round_o about_o its_o own_o centre_n for_o that_o will_v be_v plain_a nonsense_n indeed_o but_o round_o about_o its_o own_o axis_n for_o we_o can_v so_o proper_o say_v that_o a_o body_n move_v round_o a_o centre_n as_o round_o a_o axis_n unless_o we_o abstract_n from_o its_o magnitude_n and_o conceive_v it_o as_o a_o point_n the_o reason_n be_v plain_a for_o when_o any_o body_n revolve_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o every_o point_n of_o it_o which_o do_v not_o lie_v in_o the_o plane_n of_o another_o point_v orbit_n must_v describe_v a_o different_a periphery_n which_o must_v have_v also_o a_o different_a centre_n so_o that_o all_o those_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o one_o line_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o axis_n of_o the_o body_n motion_n about_o which_o body_n be_v say_v to_o revolve_v much_o more_o proper_o than_o about_o a_o centre_n however_o this_o author_n say_v that_o by_o change_v the_o word_n centre_n into_o axis_n of_o plain_a sense_n i_o have_v make_v nonsense_n this_o gentleman_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o extreme_o paradoxical_a that_o i_o have_v often_o suspect_v he_o must_v have_v a_o different_a method_n of_o judge_v what_o be_v sense_n or_o nonsense_n from_o other_o people_n if_o he_o have_v it_o it_o be_v but_o fair_a to_o show_v it_o that_o we_o may_v know_v when_o thing_n will_v be_v agreeable_a to_o his_o criterion_n or_o when_o they_o will_v not_o if_o he_o think_v it_o nonsense_n to_o say_v that_o body_n do_v endeavour_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o axis_n of_o their_o motion_n it_o be_v my_o comfort_n to_o have_v some_o good_a mathematician_n on_o my_o side_n who_o think_v otherwise_o i_o need_v only_o mention_v one_o of_o they_o who_o very_a name_n be_v enough_o to_o defend_v i_o viz._n the_o great_a geometer_n and_o philosopher_n of_o the_o age_n who_o use_v this_o way_n of_o speak_v very_o often_o in_o his_o philisophiae_n naturalis_fw-la principia_fw-la mathematica_fw-la for_o which_o he_o needs_o go_v no_o further_o than_o page_n 8._o where_n it_o be_v say_v gyrantium_fw-la part_n omnes_fw-la conantur_fw-la recedere_fw-la ab_fw-la axe_n motus_fw-la but_o however_o let_v we_o reassume_v the_o word_n centre_n and_o see_v if_o the_o argument_n will_v appear_v more_o plausible_a or_o seem_v to_o conclude_v better_a than_o it_o do_v by_o use_v the_o word_n axis_n all_o body_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o earth_n diurnal_a rotation_n do_v endeavour_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o straitness_n of_o the_o orb_n they_o can_v recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n therefore_o they_o will_v go_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o move_v in_o a_o circle_n where_o they_o will_v be_v near_o the_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o now_o change_v his_o word_n but_o have_v deliver_v his_o true_a meaning_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v if_o it_o be_v not_o excellent_o well_o conclude_v and_o if_o the_o connexion_n be_v not_o so_o evident_a that_o it_o need_v no_o comment_n to_o make_v it_o out_o now_o suppose_v that_o the_o theorist_n have_v reason_v well_o all_o this_o time_n about_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v deduce_v its_o true_a figure_n from_o its_o true_a cause_n yet_o i_o demonstrate_v that_o all_o this_o will_v not_o make_v rivers_n run_v from_o the_o pole_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o a_o reason_n that_o i_o will_v take_v the_o liberty_n here_o to_o repeat_v that_o we_o may_v compare_v it_o with_o the_o defender_n answer_v the_o demonstration_n be_v this_o the_o defender_n think_v he_o have_v transcribe_v this_o reason_n very_o brief_o thus_o 56._o pag._n 55_o 56._o the_o same_o cause_n which_o cast_v the_o abyss_n or_o the_o ocean_n towards_o the_o pole_n will_v also_o keep_v the_o river_n from_o descend_v from_o the_o pole_n and_o then_o he_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v no_o parity_n of_o reason_n betwixt_o the_o abyss_n or_o the_o ocean_n and_o the_o river_n we_o see_v say_v he_o in_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o ocean_n it_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n upon_o river_n nor_o upon_o lake_n nor_o upon_o lesser_a sea_n yet_o the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n continue_v the_o same_o he_o add_v that_o my_o confound_v the_o ocean_n and_o rivers_n in_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v so_o much_o the_o worse_o see_v there_o never_o be_v a_o ocean_n and_o river_n together_o in_o that_o earth_n while_o say_v he_o there_o be_v a_o open_a ocean_n there_o be_v no_o river_n and_o when_o there_o be_v no_o river_n there_o be_v no_o open_a ocean_n but_o a_o enclose_a abyss_n he_o conclude_v at_o last_o that_o though_o i_o make_v large_a transcript_n there_o and_o elsewhere_o out_o of_o the_o theory_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o seem_v always_o to_o have_v well_o digi_v the_o method_n of_o it_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v observe_v how_o unfair_o this_o author_n be_v please_v to_o deal_v with_o i_o for_o in_o all_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v the_o ocean_n but_o the_o demonstration_n be_v universal_a and_o reach_v all_o sort_n of_o body_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o abyss_n or_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n my_o word_n be_v that_o whatever_o body_n either_o fluid_a or_o solid_a if_o bring_v and_o lay_v upon_o the_o furface_n at_o b_o be_v draw_v or_o push_v with_o the_o same_o accelerate_a force_n that_o the_o first_o fluid_n have_v which_o be_v constitute_v at_o b_o the_o same_o cause_n continue_v to_o act_v upon_o both_o they_o will_v rest_v there_o also_o and_o not_o descend_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la where_o be_v it_o now_o that_o i_o have_v confound_v the_o ocean_n with_o the_o river_n or_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o word_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o i_o have_v not_o digest_v the_o method_n of_o the_o theory_n there_o be_v one_o of_o this_o author_n acquaintance_n that_o be_v please_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o disingenuity_n in_o examine_v the_o write_n of_o another_o person_n fall_v more_o heavy_a in_o the_o construction_n of_o fair_a reader_n upon_o he_o that_o use_v they_o than_o upon_o he_o that_o suffer_v they_o if_o it_o be_v so_o last_o reslection_n pag._n last_v line_n last_o this_o gentleman_n may_v easy_o know_v what_o these_o reader_n will_v think_v of_o he_o however_o it_o seem_v he_o think_v that_o though_o none_o of_o the_o water_n return_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la while_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o fluid_n and_o have_v put_v on_o its_o oval-shape_n yet_o when_o the_o first_o concretion_n be_v settle_v upon_o it_o whatever_o water_n be_v after_o that_o upon_o 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secret_a which_o it_o seem_v he_o will_v not_o communicate_v but_o to_o his_o friend_n i_o think_v he_o will_v do_v well_o to_o keep_v it_o secret_a for_o ever_o but_o though_o he_o will_v neither_o show_v we_o his_o own_o reason_n nor_o answer_n i_o yet_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o dissatisfy_v he_o be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o a_o similitude_n to_o explain_v it_o 56._o pag._n 55_o 56._o we_o see_v say_v he_o in_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o ocean_n let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v it_o have_v not_o that_o effect_n upon_o river_n nor_o upon_o lake_n nor_o upon_o lesser_a sea_n yet_o the_o circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n continue_v the_o same_o be_v there_o any_o parity_n of_o reason_n here_o between_o the_o flux_n and_o
what_o can_v be_v account_v for_o by_o natural_a cause_n be_v no_o miracle_n however_o i_o know_v no_o miracle_n i_o be_o fond_a of_o save_o those_o mention_v in_o scripture_n and_o at_o present_a i_o be_o only_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o two_o of_o they_o viz._n the_o creation_n and_o the_o deluge_n and_o a_o fondness_n for_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o i_o since_o till_o this_o age_n of_o worldmaker_n christian_n have_v always_o think_v they_o such_o work_n as_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o mechanism_n i_o know_v indeed_o that_o there_o be_v some_o who_o be_v not_o only_o for_o explain_v the_o above_o mention_v but_o even_o most_o of_o the_o other_o extraordinary_a event_n record_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n by_o natural_a principle_n but_o i_o dare_v suppose_v mr._n wh._n will_v not_o willing_o be_v put_v into_o a_o catalogue_n with_o such_o author_n i_o can_v and_o i_o think_v with_o just_a reason_n too_o tell_v 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heat_n and_o light_n must_v be_v prodigious_o strong_a at_n or_o near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o hot_a or_o lucid_a body_n than_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o heat_n of_o a_o solid_a be_v very_o sensible_a to_o a_o hand_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o its_o surface_n when_o the_o eye_n place_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o it_o can_v perceive_v its_o light_n but_o let_v we_o bring_v this_o point_n into_o number_n that_o we_o may_v see_v it_o more_o evident_o it_o follow_v from_o mr._n whiston_n own_o position_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o central_n solid_a must_v be_v so_o great_a even_o before_o the_o comet_n arrive_v at_o its_o perihelion_n as_o to_o act_v upon_o the_o atmosphere_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 10000_o mile_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o raise_v vapour_n into_o its_o tail_n for_o many_o million_o more_o and_o therefore_o the_o intenseness_n of_o its_o heat_n at_o that_o distance_n must_v be_v to_o the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o heat_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o ten_o mile_n for_o example_n as_o the_o square_n of_o ten_o be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o 100000._o mile_n that_o be_v as_o one_o to_o 100000000._o if_o therefore_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o central_n solid_a at_o the_o distnace_n of_o 100000._o mile_n have_v any_o sensible_a effect_n upon_o its_o atmosphere_n it_o must_v be_v prodigious_o strong_a at_o the_o distance_n of_o ten_o mile_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v without_o light_n he_o allow_v the_o sun_n to_o shine_v through_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o the_o comet_n whilst_o it_o remain_v such_o but_o then_o upon_o the_o commencement_n of_o the_o creation_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o move_v in_o a_o circular_a orbit_n it_o lose_v its_o pellucidness_n and_o become_v a_o dark_a and_o opake_v fluid_a how_o this_o shall_v come_v to_o be_v i_o know_v not_o nor_o can_v i_o discover_v why_o upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o comet_n be_v orbit_n from_o a_o ellipsis_n to_o a_o circle_n its_o atmosphere_n shall_v be_v likewise_o change_v on_o a_o sudden_a from_o a_o clear_a and_o transparent_a fluid_n to_o a_o dark_a and_o caliginous_a one_o immediate_o before_o the_o change_n of_o the_o orbit_n even_o after_o it_o have_v descend_v from_o the_o cold_a region_n beyond_o saturn_n he_o allow_v its_o atmosphere_n to_o have_v be_v so_o bright_a and_o diaphanous_a as_o that_o the_o central_n solid_a may_v have_v be_v see_v through_o it_o it_o must_v be_v then_o a_o miracle_n and_o a_o unaccountable_a one_o too_o that_o can_v have_v cause_v such_o a_o immediate_a darkness_n it_o be_v also_o object_v to_o he_o that_o his_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a can_v not_o be_v the_o moysaicall_a abyss_n for_o it_o be_v at_o first_o dark_a and_o afterward_o enlighten_v whereas_o his_o new_a abyss_n after_o it_o be_v once_o dark_a never_o again_o become_v visible_a be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o opake_v crust_n here_o he_o own_v that_o the_o word_n abyss_n be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o his_o dense_a fluid_n but_o that_o it_o comprehend_v all_o that_o heterogenous_a and_o hitherto_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o be_v beneath_o the_o earth_n future_a surface_n where_o the_o spectator_n in_o the_o historical_a journal_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v but_o i_o desire_v he_o to_o tell_v we_o whither_o this_o muddy_a fluid_n be_v afterward_o enlighten_v whither_o the_o same_o collection_n of_o opake_v and_o earthy_a corpuseles_a which_o produce_v a_o darkness_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_a will_v not_o create_v also_o a_o thick_a darkness_n upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o muddy_a one_o whither_o this_o darkness_n will_v not_o continual_o increase_v as_o those_o earthy_a and_o opake_v particle_n come_v close_o together_o and_o when_o at_o last_o they_o fall_v upon_o and_o enclose_v this_o muddy_a fluid_n and_o form_v a_o crust_n according_a to_o he_o of_o 60._o or_o 70._o mile_n depth_n whither_o they_o will_v not_o exclude_v the_o light_n from_o it_o for_o ever_o i_o have_v urge_v to_o he_o that_o it_o be_v say_v in_o scripture_n darkness_n be_v upon_o the_o face_n or_o the_o exterior_a surface_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o that_o afterward_o there_o be_v light_n upon_o it_o now_o if_o mr._n whiston_n can_v show_v we_o clear_o a_o abyss_n from_o his_o principle_n who_o exterior_a surface_n be_v first_o dark_a and_o afterward_o luminous_a i_o hope_v he_o will_v grant_v that_o his_o theory_n be_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o mosaic_a history_n another_o argument_n against_o the_o theory_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v form_v by_o the_o principle_n of_o mechanism_n out_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n of_o a_o comet_n we_o must_v allow_v the_o whole_a subsidence_n to_o be_v as_o
little_o more_o than_o three_o to_o one_o their_o difference_n in_o that_o case_n arise_v only_o from_o the_o more_o direct_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n than_o in_o winter_n whereas_o in_o the_o present_a case_n our_o summer_n heat_n be_v to_o our_o winter_n heat_n in_o a_o great_a proportion_n than_o that_o of_o seven_o to_o one_o all_o the_o effect_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o this_o attraction_n be_v this_o both_o the_o fluid_a on_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o central_n solid_a will_v be_v attract_v by_o the_o comet_n but_o the_o fluid_a on_o the_o abyss_n be_v near_a to_o it_o than_o the_o other_o will_v be_v more_o strong_o attract_v and_o because_o the_o solid_a crust_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o firmness_n and_o union_n of_o its_o part_n can_v move_v fast_o to_o the_o comet_n than_o the_o central_n solid_a do_v it_o be_v evident_a from_o thence_o that_o it_o must_v be_v press_v only_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o attraction_n or_o by_o that_o force_n by_o which_o the_o fluid_a in_o the_o abyss_n be_v draw_v more_o towards_o the_o comet_n than_o the_o central_n solid_a be_v and_o see_v the_o fluid_n have_v acquire_v no_o velocity_n or_o impetus_fw-la by_o motion_n it_o be_v clear_a from_o what_o be_v already_o prove_v and_o by_o what_o be_v more_o full_o demonstrate_v by_o borell_n in_o his_o 24.25_o and_o 26._o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr vi_fw-la percussionis_fw-la that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o fluid_a thus_o press_v will_v be_v infinite_o less_o than_o what_o it_o will_v be_v if_o it_o have_v acquire_v any_o determinate_a degree_n of_o velocity_n by_o motion_n and_o since_o mr._n whiston_n seem_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o a_o great_a impulse_n of_o the_o fluid_n will_v be_v necessary_o require_v to_o break_v and_o disjoin_v the_o crust_n the_o small_a force_n arise_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o fluid_a can_v never_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n what_o mr._n whiston_n say_v of_o a_o floor_n of_o disjoin_v plank_n lay_v across_o the_o thames_n that_o may_v as_o well_o be_v suppose_v to_o stop_v the_o tide_n or_o the_o ascent_n of_o the_o water_n as_o the_o crust_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n be_v i_o think_v no_o parallel_n case_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o thames_n but_o it_o arise_v sole_o from_o the_o check_n and_o great_a impulse_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o they_o be_v drive_v backward_o with_o violence_n and_o be_v make_v to_o ascend_v up_o the_o river_n and_o produce_v tide_n but_o if_o mr._n whiston_n will_v still_o assert_v that_o the_o strata_n or_o subside_v column_n be_v separate_v and_o disjoin_v like_o so_o many_o loose_a plank_n though_o it_o contradict_v what_o he_o have_v say_v in_o another_o place_n 17._o place_n vinlic_n pag._n 17._o yet_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v so_o i_o shall_v from_o thence_o evident_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v no_o water_n arise_v upon_o that_o very_a account_n from_o the_o abyss_n or_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n the_o new_a theory_n suppose_v that_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_v mention_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o deluge_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o vast_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o the_o comet_n tail_n which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v and_o expanded_a will_v immediate_o mount_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n after_o their_o fall_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o descend_v again_o in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a ra_n against_o this_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o incredible_a velocity_n with_o which_o these_o vapour_n descend_v and_o the_o great_a resistance_n they_o meet_v with_o in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n together_o with_o the_o force_n by_o which_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o ground_n must_v of_o necessity_n have_v condense_v they_o into_o water_n here_o he_o answer_v that_o though_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o vapour_n shall_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n yet_o it_o be_v hard_a that_o i_o will_v not_o allow_v many_o of_o they_o to_o escape_v the_o same_o enough_o at_o least_o to_o make_v a_o constant_a forty_o day_n rain_n for_o it_o be_v strange_a to_o he_o that_o so_o thin_a a_o body_n as_o our_o air_n lie_v in_o so_o small_a a_o compass_n about_o the_o earth_n shall_v have_v the_o good_a luck_n to_o stop_v and_o condense_a all_o and_o every_o part_n of_o so_o immense_a and_o swift_a a_o descend_a column_n of_o vapour_n as_o strange_a and_o hard_a as_o it_o be_v yet_o i_o can_v see_v how_o its_o possible_a any_o shall_v escape_v be_v condense_v if_o there_o be_v any_o void_a canal_n in_o our_o air_n through_o which_o some_o vapour_n may_v descend_v we_o may_v then_o allow_v he_o his_o hypothesis_n but_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o air_n that_o its_o impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v any_o such_o empty_a space_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o these_o vapour_n but_o must_v meet_v with_o air_n wherever_o it_o move_v in_o our_o atmosphere_n which_o it_o must_v therefore_o force_v out_o of_o its_o way_n and_o because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o move_v so_o prodigious_o swift_a as_o to_o descend_v 860._o mile_n in_o a_o minute_n the_o resistance_n it_o will_v meet_v with_o from_o every_o particle_n of_o air_n must_v be_v vast_o great_a and_o must_v therefore_o necessary_o condense_a it_o but_o if_o i_o shall_v allow_v he_o that_o these_o vapour_n be_v not_o condense_v in_o their_o descent_n through_o the_o air_n yet_o to_o imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v not_o condense_v when_o they_o fall_v with_o so_o prodigious_a a_o swiftness_n as_o he_o allow_v they_o upon_o the_o earth_n water_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n that_o will_v stop_v their_o motion_n be_v such_o a_o fancy_n as_o need_v no_o confutation_n if_o they_o have_v such_o a_o strange_a velocity_n as_o he_o speak_v of_o they_o must_v penetrate_v and_o destroy_v all_o humane_a and_o other_o animal_n body_n so_o that_o such_o a_o shower_n as_o this_o one_o day_n will_v have_v do_v the_o business_n of_o a_o deluge_n and_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o occasion_n for_o other_o thirty_o nine_o day_n rain_v but_o after_o all_o this_o mr._n whiston_n grant_v that_o the_o vapour_n may_v be_v condense_v in_o their_o fall_n but_o yet_o he_o say_v that_o their_o heat_n which_o at_o first_o rarify_v they_o and_o have_v continue_v their_o expansion_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n will_v immediate_o after_o their_o fall_n rarify_v they_o again_o and_o raise_v they_o into_o new_a vapour_n but_o if_o so_o i_o can_v see_v how_o this_o will_v answer_v the_o account_n that_o moses_n give_v we_o of_o the_o deluge_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o water_n be_v gradual_a and_o produce_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o forty_o day_n rain_v and_o that_o they_o continual_o increase_v and_o prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 150._o day_n whereas_o by_o this_o theory_n the_o deluge_n must_v have_v happen_v all_o of_o a_o sudden_a according_a to_o it_o the_o very_a first_o day_n all_o the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o the_o comet_n must_v have_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o abyss_n must_v have_v immediate_o ascend_v so_o that_o if_o this_o theory_n be_v true_a the_o deluge_n must_v be_v accomplish_v in_o one_o day_n and_o not_o in_o 150_o for_o as_o to_o the_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v and_o continue_v to_o fall_v for_o forty_o day_n unless_o the_o water_n be_v very_o scald_a hot_a indeed_o that_o will_v be_v very_o inconsiderable_a and_o will_v rather_o diminish_v than_o increase_v the_o quantity_n of_o water_n upon_o the_o earth_n until_o they_o again_o descend_v in_o rain_n i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n raise_v the_o fluid_a from_o the_o abyss_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o the_o water_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o crust_n will_v depress_v it_o and_o make_v it_o sink_v deep_a into_o the_o abyss_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v force_n and_o squeeze_v the_o fluid_a through_o the_o fissure_n and_o crack_v of_o the_o earth_n but_o against_o this_o i_o positive_o demonstrate_v that_o no_o pressure_n of_o the_o fluid_a whatsoever_o can_v make_v the_o crust_n sink_v deep_o into_o the_o abyss_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o he_o be_v please_v to_o tell_v i_o that_o my_o demonstration_n suppose_v either_o that_o not_o the_o water_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o the_o fissure_v do_v contribute_v to_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o fluid_a through_o they_o or_o that_o the_o several_a column_n have_v
free_a liberty_n and_o can_v subside_o as_o far_o as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o book_n show_v they_o can_v not_o or_o that_o a_o pressure_n from_o a_o column_n specifical_o heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_a be_v necessary_a to_o raise_v it_o upward_o because_o mr._n whiston_n answer_v my_o demonstration_n as_o if_o he_o do_v not_o right_o understand_v it_o i_o will_v here_o put_v it_o into_o a_o clear_a light_n and_o apply_v it_o more_o particular_o to_o the_o present_a case_n mr._n whiston_n say_v that_o this_o demonstration_n suppose_v that_o the_o several_a column_n of_o earth_n have_v their_o free_a liberty_n and_o can_v subside_o as_o far_o as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v which_o he_o have_v show_v in_o his_o book_n they_o can_v not_o it_o seem_v then_o that_o he_o own_v that_o the_o column_n will_v not_o subside_o if_o they_o have_v their_o free_a liberty_n but_o if_o they_o have_v not_o their_o free_a liberty_n to_o subside_n than_o he_o think_v they_o will_v subside_v or_o sink_v deep_a into_o the_o abyss_n that_o be_v in_o short_a those_o column_n will_v not_o sink_v deep_o if_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v they_o but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n that_o can_v hinder_v they_o from_o sink_v deep_o than_o indeed_o they_o will_v and_o must_v sink_v deep_a this_o be_v so_o strange_a and_o surprise_v a_o way_n of_o reason_v that_o i_o scarce_o believe_v it_o can_v have_v come_v from_o mr._n whiston_n it_o look_v much_o more_o like_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o learned_a friend_n i_o shall_v have_v think_v that_o if_o he_o have_v be_v leave_v to_o himself_o to_o argue_v the_o case_n he_o will_v have_v conclude_v that_o because_o the_o crust_n can_v not_o sink_v deep_o when_o it_o be_v leave_v at_o its_o liberty_n or_o when_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o hinder_v it_o it_o will_v have_v certain_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o not_o sink_v further_o when_o there_o be_v a_o impediment_n let_v we_o now_o suppose_v this_o cylinder_n bore_v with_o hole_n parallel_v to_o its_o axis_n than_o indeed_o it_o will_v sink_v so_o far_o within_o the_o fluid_a till_o the_o water_n within_o the_o hole_n come_v to_o be_v of_o such_o a_o height_n as_o to_o press_v as_o strong_o upon_o the_o fluid_a under_o they_o as_o the_o solid_a cylinder_n do_v upon_o the_o fluid_a under_o it_o and_o there_o it_o will_v rest_v at_o the_o height_n for_o example_n of_o half_a the_o cylinder_n if_o the_o water_n be_v twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o the_o wood_n let_v we_o suppose_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o there_o be_v long_a tube_n fix_v in_o the_o hole_n to_o preserve_v the_o fluid_a which_o be_v to_o be_v pour_v afterward_o above_o on_o the_o cylinder_n from_o run_v into_o the_o hole_n and_o then_o let_v oil_n or_o any_o other_o fluid_a light_a than_o wood_n be_v pour_v on_o as_o high_a as_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o vessel_n this_o oil_n will_v indeed_o press_v upon_o the_o cylinder_n and_o make_v it_o sink_v deep_a into_o the_o fluid_a which_o will_v rise_v up_o within_o the_o hole_n till_o it_o press_v as_o strong_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n under_o it_o as_o the_o oil_n and_o cylinder_n both_o together_o do_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n under_o they_o now_o in_o this_o case_n since_o the_o water_n be_v of_o a_o great_a intensive_a gravity_n than_o both_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wood_n and_o oil_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o fluid_a within_o the_o hole_n can_v rise_v so_o high_a as_o the_o top_n mn_v for_o then_o the_o fluid_a which_o lie_v immediate_o under_o that_o which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o tube_n suffer_v a_o great_a pressure_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o fluid_a under_o the_o cylinder_n will_v immediate_o descend_v and_o force_v that_o which_o be_v under_o the_o cylinder_n to_o ascend_v so_o that_o though_o the_o solid_a body_n must_v in_o this_o case_n sink_v deep_a yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o none_o of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o vessel_n can_v by_o this_o mean_n be_v bring_v upon_o the_o surface_n mr._n whiston_n say_v that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o pressure_n of_o two_o entire_a mile_n over_o each_o column_n be_v so_o prodigious_o great_a must_v squeeze_v the_o fluid_a upward_o through_o the_o fissure_n and_o thereby_o throw_v out_o the_o incumbent_a water_n and_o perhaps_o itself_o upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o as_o evident_a as_o he_o say_v this_o matter_n be_v i_o must_v sincere_o declare_v that_o i_o can_v see_v how_o any_o such_o effect_n can_v follow_v from_o a_o pressure_n after_o this_o manner_n i_o hope_v mr._n whiston_n do_v not_o act_v here_o like_o some_o new_a philosopher_n who_o when_o they_o be_v to_o deliver_v some_o false_a dark_a or_o incomprehensible_a notion_n general_o usher_v it_o in_o with_o a_o speech_n about_o clearness_n and_o distinctness_n and_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a it_o be_v plain_a it_o be_v demonstrative_a but_o rather_o than_o suspect_v such_o deal_n from_o he_o i_o can_v suppose_v that_o the_o fault_n be_v in_o my_o own_o apprehension_n if_o i_o have_v not_o demonstration_n on_o my_o side_n to_o show_v that_o from_o such_o position_n no_o such_o effect_n can_v follow_v do_v not_o he_o suppose_v this_o crust_n to_o be_v compose_v of_o column_n of_o 200._o mile_n in_o depth_n do_v not_o they_o subside_o close_o by_o one_o another_o and_o form_v a_o solid_a arch_n upon_o the_o abyss_n according_a to_o he_o if_o so_o those_o fissure_v and_o crack_v upon_o the_o mountain_n like_v so_o many_o window_n in_o a_o vault_n will_v not_o much_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o fabric_n but_o still_o it_o will_v be_v able_a to_o sustain_v a_o much_o great_a weight_n will_v not_o the_o water_n that_o come_v from_o the_o comet_n immediate_o spread_v itself_o equal_o over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o crust_n and_o by_o this_o every_o column_n will_v be_v equal_o press_v and_o therefore_o one_o can_v not_o sink_v deep_o than_o another_o what_o be_v it_o then_o that_o can_v force_v the_o fluid_a through_o the_o fissure_n however_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o pressure_n much_o strong_a upon_o one_o place_n than_o the_o rest_n if_o the_o solid_a column_n upon_o which_o this_o pressure_n lay_v be_v close_o unite_v and_o cement_v to_o all_o the_o other_o circumambient_a one_o how_o can_v it_o be_v break_v off_o from_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o imagine_v that_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o water_n above_o it_o can_v do_v this_o but_o if_o it_o be_v before_o separate_v and_o disjoin_v by_o the_o tide_n on_o the_o abyss_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n will_v not_o the_o water_n run_v down_o in_o the_o fissure_v which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o rest_n and_o instead_o of_o depress_v elevate_v the_o loose_a crust_n as_o i_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v we_o can_v well_o suppose_v this_o part_n which_o be_v most_o press_v if_o it_o be_v loose_a from_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v so_o close_o join_v to_o they_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o space_n for_o the_o fluid_a to_o descend_v for_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a chance_n that_o will_v make_v the_o surface_v of_o the_o column_n so_o exact_o fit_v and_o adjust_v to_o each_o other_o beside_o if_o they_o be_v so_o because_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o be_v great_a than_o c_o d_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n it_o can_v descend_v or_o be_v force_v downward_o but_o after_o all_o if_o it_o can_v descend_v i_o have_v already_o demonstrate_v that_o none_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n or_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v by_o that_o pressure_n be_v raise_v so_o high_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n that_o it_o may_v from_o thence_o spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o mr._n whiston_n do_v not_o see_v the_o evidence_n of_o this_o reason_n i_o must_v leave_v he_o to_o be_v satisfy_v by_o his_o own_o experiment_n 307._o experiment_n pag._n 307._o only_o instead_o of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o stone_n or_o marble_n i_o desire_v he_o to_o take_v one_o of_o wood_n and_o if_o by_o pour_v oil_n upon_o it_o he_o can_v raise_v any_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o cylinder_n i_o will_v give_v over_o all_o reason_n upon_o this_o subject_n but_o if_o he_o find_v that_o his_o experiment_n will_v not_o succeed_v as_o it_o certain_o can_v i_o hope_v he_o will_v own_o that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o then_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v think_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o speak_v peremptory_o upon_o this_o point_n when_o i_o say_v that_o it_o be_v demonstrative_o evident_a that_o by_o no_o sort_n of_o pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a fluid_n the_o
abyss_n can_v be_v force_v upward_o to_o spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o retract_v i_o have_v already_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n have_v take_v to_o bring_v water_n upon_o the_o earth_n to_o make_v a_o deluge_n let_v we_o next_o see_v how_o dexterous_a he_o be_v in_o remove_v they_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o his_o new_a theory_n by_o calculation_n i_o show_v that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o twenty_o three_o ocean_n of_o water_n to_o drown_v the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o remove_v such_o a_o load_n of_o water_n mechanical_o yet_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o think_v there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o difficulty_n in_o it_o in_o his_o theory_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n descend_v through_o the_o perpendicular_a fissure_n and_o crack_n which_o be_v outlet_n to_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o they_o 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whiston_n tell_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o pore_n and_o interstice_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o mile_n of_o dry_a earth_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n of_o water_n into_o they_o and_o certain_o the_o same_o fissure_v that_o permit_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o fluid_n from_o beneath_o before_o will_v after_o the_o cease_n of_o that_o force_n permit_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n and_o by_o degree_n and_o length_n of_o time_n draw_v they_o off_o i_o find_v mr._n whiston_n be_v general_o most_o certain_a where_o other_o man_n be_v most_o doubtful_a how_o can_v he_o be_v certain_a or_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n can_v lie_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o mile_n perpendicular_o and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v in_o to_o fill_v they_o all_o the_o while_n what_o new_a law_n of_o hydrostaticks_a have_v he_o discover_v it_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a to_o descend_v through_o whatever_o hole_n and_o fissure_v it_o can_v find_v and_o till_o they_o be_v once_o fill_v it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v rest_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o fissure_v especial_o to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o perpendicular_a mile_n for_o so_o high_a it_o must_v have_v be_v above_o most_o of_o those_o crack_n since_o most_o part_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o which_o he_o suppose_v those_o fissure_n be_v do_v not_o exceed_v above_o a_o mile_n height_n before_o the_o water_n can_v have_v rise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n not_o only_o the_o perpendicular_a hole_n and_o fissure_n but_o even_o the_o horizontal_n once_o must_v have_v be_v absolute_o fill_v i_o can_v therefore_o enough_o wonder_v how_o he_o can_v imagine_v so_o much_o water_n force_v through_o the_o earth_n upon_o its_o surface_n and_o all_o those_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a all_o the_o time_n i_o be_o surprise_v to_o hear_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o dry_a earth_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o i_o can_v suppose_v a_o earth_n that_o have_v be_v water_v by_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n gush_v through_o its_o pore_n to_o be_v very_o dry_a another_o man_n will_v rather_o think_v that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v very_o wet_a for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o water_n can_v pass_v through_o the_o crust_n without_o leave_v as_o much_o of_o itself_o as_o the_o crust_n can_v hold_v behind_o it_o since_o water_n rather_o than_o ascend_v will_v remain_v in_o any_o poor_a or_o empty_a space_n that_o can_v contain_v it_o but_o let_v we_o now_o allow_v that_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o crust_n be_v as_o dry_a as_o if_o there_o have_v not_o one_o drop_n of_o water_n remain_v in_o it_o yet_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o water_n general_o can_v sink_v be_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o tough_a clay_n common_a stone_n whinstone_n coal_n metalline_a oar_n and_o the_o like_a and_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v never_o persuade_v mankind_n that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o pore_n in_o such_o heavy_a close_o solid_a body_n as_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o after_o all_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fissure_v be_v empty_a and_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n lie_v over_o they_o without_o descend_v into_o they_o that_o be_v let_v we_o grant_v to_o mr._n whiston_n so_o many_o impossibility_n yet_o even_o all_o these_o supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o deluge_n this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v easy_o since_o that_o according_a to_o the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n be_v remove_v from_o off_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o one_o half_a year_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v by_o the_o method_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v drain_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o upon_o this_o account_n mr._n whiston_n supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n to_o show_v this_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o have_v be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n though_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o narrow_a and_o small_a they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n we_o can_v allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v near_o so_o much_o it_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o river_n will_v fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a in_o the_o space_n of_o 812._o year_n and_o consequent_o if_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n descend_v no_o fast_o through_o the_o fissure_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o the_o former_a supposition_n it_o will_v be_v 812._o year_n before_o the_o earth_n have_v receive_v one_o ocean_n into_o its_o bowel_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v 17864._o year_n before_o twenty_o two_o ocean_n can_v be_v remove_v through_o those_o fissure_n but_o let_v we_o now_o suppose_v that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n descend_v be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o river_n we_o shall_v still_o find_v that_o the_o water_n will_v take_v 1786._o 4._o year_n to_o run_v through_o the_o fissure_n so_o that_o although_o mr._n whiston_n have_v be_v please_v to_o ridicule_n my_o fondness_n for_o miracle_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o natural_a cause_n he_o have_v assign_v be_v so_o vast_o disproportionate_a to_o the_o effect_n produce_v he_o may_v at_o last_o perhaps_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o easy_a safe_a and_o indeed_o the_o only_a way_n be_v to_o ascribe_v they_o to_o miracle_n finis_fw-la