Selected quad for the lemma: earth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
earth_n	abundance_n	great_a	zone_n	16	3	13.2685	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71305	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 3 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt3; ESTC S111862	2,393,864	1,207

from out of the Ocean which in those parts is very great and spacious and hauing drawne vnto it this great abundance of vapours doth suddenly dissolue them into raine and it is approued by many tried experiences that the raine and great stormes from Heauen proceed from the violent heate of the Sunne first as we haue said before it raines in those Countries when as the Sunne casts his beames directly vpon the earth at which time he hath most force but when the Sunne retires the heate is moderate and then there falls no raine whereby wee may conclude that the force and heate of the Sunne is the cause of raine in those Countries Moreouer we obserue both in Peru new Spaine and in all the burning Zone that the raine doth vsually fal in the afternoone when as the Sunne beames are in their greatest force being strange to see it raine in the morning And therefore Trauellers foreseeing it begin their iourneys early that they may end and rest before noone for they hold that commonly it raines after noone Such as haue frequented and trauelled those Countries can sufficiently speake thereof And there are that hauing made some abode there say that the greatest abundance of raine is when the Moone is at the full but to say the truth I could neuer make sufficient proofe thereof although I haue obserued it Moreouer the dayes the yeere and the moneths shew the truth hereof that the violent hea●e of the Sunne causeth the raine in the burning Zone experience teacheth vs the like in artificiall things as in a Limbecke wherein they draw waters from herbs and flowers for the vehemency of the fire forceth and driueth vp an abundance of vapours which being pressed and finding no issue are conuerted into liquor and water The like wee see in gold and siluer which we refine with quick-siluer the fire being small and slow we draw out almost nothing of the quick-siluer but if it be quick and violent it doth greatly euaporate the quick-siluer which encountring the head aboue doth presently turne into liquor and begins to drop downe Euen so the violent heate of the Sunne produceth these two effects when it findes matter disposed that is to draw vp the vapours on high and to dissolue them presently and turne them into raine when there is any obstacle to consume them And although these things seeme contrarie that one Sunne within the burning Zone being neere should cause raine and without the Zone afarre off should breed the like effect so it is that all well considered there is no contrarietie A thousand effects in naturall causes proceed of contrarie things by diuers meanes we drie linnen by the fire and in the aire and yet the one heats and the other cooles Pastures are dried and hardened by the Sunne and with the Frost moderate exercise prouokes sleepe being too violent it hindereth if you lay no wood on the fire it dyeth if you lay on too much it likewise quencheth for the onely proportion entertaines and makes it to continue To well discerne a thing it must not be too neere the eye nor too farre off but in a reasonable distance proportionable being too farre off from any thing we lose the sight and too neere likewise we cannot see it If the Sunne beams be weake they draw vp no fogge from the Riuers if they be violent hauing drawne vp the vapours they presently dissolue and consume them but if the heat be moderate it drawes vp and preserues it for this reason the vapours rise not commonly in the night nor at noone but in the morning when as the Sunne begins to enter into his force There are a thousand examples of naturall causes vpon this subiect which wee see doe often grow from contrarie things whereby we must not wonder if the Sunne being neere engenders raine and being farre off works the like effect but being of a moderate and proportionable distance causeth none at all Yet there remaines one doubt why the neernesse of the Sunne causeth the raine vnder the burning Zone and without when it is farthest off In my opinion the reason is that in Winter without the Tropicks the Sunne hath not force s●fficient to consume the vapours which rise from the Land and Sea for these vapours grow in great abundance in the cold Region of the aire where they are congealed and thickned by the extremitie of the cold and after being pressed they dissolue and turne into water Therefore in Winter when the Sunne is farthest off the dayes short and the nights long his heat hath small force but when the Sunne approcheth which is in the Summer time his force is such as it drawes vp the vapours and suddenly consumes and disperseth them for the heat and the length of the dayes grow through the neernesse of the Sunne But within the Tropicks vnder the burning Zone the farre distance of the Sunne workes the same effects that the neernesse doth without the Tropicks by reason whereof it raines no more vnder the burning Zone when the Sunne is farre off then without the Tropicks when it is neerest for that in this approching and retyring the Sunne remayns alwayes in one distance whence proceedes this effect of cleernesse But when the Sunne is in the period of his force in the burning Zone and that he cast his beames directly vpon the Inhabitants heads there is neither cleernesse nor drynesse as it seemes there should be but rather great and strange showers for that by this violent heat he drawes vp suddenly a great abundance of vapours from the Earth and Ocean which are so thicke as the winde not able easily to disperse them they melt into water which breedeth the cold raine in so great abundance for the excessiue heat may soone draw vp many vapours the which are not so soone dissolued and being gathered together through their great abundance they melt and dissolue into water The which wee may easily discerne by this familiar example roast a piece of Porke Mutton or Veale if the fire be violent and the meate neere wee see the fat melts suddenly and drops away the reason is that the violent heat drawes forth the humour and fat from the meat and being in great abundance cannot dissolue it and so it distils more away But when the fire is moderate and the meat in an equall distance wee see that it roasts handsomly and the fat drops not too suddenly for that the moderate heat drawes out the moistnesse which it consumes suddenly And therefore Cookes make a moderate fire and lay not their meate too neere nor too farre off lest it melt away The like may bee seene in anoother experience in candles of tallow or waxe if the wike bee great it melts the tallow or the waxe for that the heat cannot consume the moistnesse which riseth but if the flame bee proportionable the wax melts nor drops not for that the flame doth waste it by little and little as it riseth But this is

sound the common people thinke the soules of the damned to be tormented heere it is certayne that diuers and horrible spirits are obserued in this Mountayne and about it for if a Battaile be fought in any place the Islanders especially they that sayle and fish in the Sea neere to Hecla know the day of the Battaile fought although they know not where it be done for they see as they report wicked spirits going forth and returning and bringing soules with them And such a storie is rep●rted all Island ouer A Fisherman sayling by Hecla met with another ship both had a prosperous wind and when after the manner of Saylers he was demanded who hee was and of what place hee answered that hee had the Bishop of Breme in his ship whom hee would conuay to Hecla and it was knowne that the Bishop dyed the same day which notwithstanding I would not set downe for truth If any perish by Sea or otherwise dye sometimes leauing their Friends and Acquaintance they appeare very heauie being demanded whither they goe and from whence they answere they are brought to Hecla vnder a cruell Master the Deuill and so vanish And they are so bewitched of Satan that they thinke them the soules of the departed But because no man that is well in his wits will thinke that Hell is in this Mountayne yet it may be demanded whence the Hill hath this matter whereby it should bring forth so many yeeres flames so many ashes and such abundance of Pumis stones For wee see the most sollid and firme bodies and all things to be consumed by fire and for that cause some thinke that it shall come to passe that these flames shall once be extingished for the cause fayling they deny that any effects can follow But heere what I thinke I will freely speake yet sauing other mens judgements It is manifest by watry Meteors that there is a continuall generation of water by the vapours gathered together in the cauities of the Earth which issueth forth by Fountayns but the efficient and materiall causes abiding perpetually the effects also continually remayne so also in the bowels of the Earth there are certayne places which by their owne nature draw vnto them a hote and dry exhalation and that it resolues it into flames ashes and Pumis stones which may easily be done in this Mountayne by reason of the Sulphur matter which is found in Island throughout the whole Land And as Fountaynes send forth more abundance of water in the Winter time then in the Summer nay some of them are dry because matter failes so is it with this Mountayne for sometimes matter failing it hath neither flames nor smoke and all is quiet whereby it appeareth that the matter and efficient cause faile Howeuer it bee I know this that no man may come to the foot of the Mountayne without danger and feare as hereafter shall be declared The same yeere I was in Island the nine and twentieth of Nouember about midnight in the Sea neere Hecla there appeared a flame which gaue light to the whole Iland so that all of vs astonished wondred and carefully expected the issue thereof the elder sort and such as were skilfull in this matter said that this light came from Hecla an houre after the whole Iland trembled as it should haue beene moued out of the place after the Earthquake followed a horrible cracke that if all warlike Ordnance had beene discharged it had beene nothing to this terrour It cannot be thought much lesse expressed by word how horrible it was Wee thought that the whole frame of the World would fall and that the last Day was at hand but it was knowne afterwards that the Sea went backe two leagues in that place and remayned dry About the beginning of Iuly at a certayn time of the yeere great store of Ice suddenly floteth to the Iland about Hecla and there goes a rumour through the whole Iland nay it is beleeued that the damned soules are tormented in this Ice by course in the Flame in the Mountayne and after in the Ice This Ice for three whole moneths swimmeth only about Hecla If you take any part of this Ice out of the Sea and wrap it in a linnen cloth and lay it vp in a Chest it remayneth so long vnmelted as it swimmeth in the Sea but if the Ice in the Sea vanish which suddenly in one night happeneth this appeareth not nor leaueth any signe of moysture in the linnen cloth which is not a hard thing for Satan to doe to take away the Ice without moysture to increase their incredulitie Olaus Magnus maketh mention of this Ice in his eleuenth Booke But because I determined to search out all things diligently I sayled not without great feare vnto this Ice and I obserued that this Ice was violently cast against the Rockes by force of the winds and so made a mournfull sound afarre off as if miserable howlings were heard there Hereupon the Islanders thinke the soules of the damned are tormented in this Ice Of the Riches of the Islanders I Haue said that Island was a rough and snowie Countrey and besides it is full of Rockes and stones and so truly that there is not a field in the whole Iland they haue not so much as Gardens wherein they may haue Pot-herbes or Pulse they know no kinde of Corne nor Apples Peares nor Cheries nor any fruit of Trees And which is almost incredible they neither vse Bread nor Salt yet they are well liking and strong There is no Citie in the whole Iland they seldome haue two or three dwellings together They haue their Cottages on the Sea side for fishing and vnder ground by reason of the fierce windes There is no lone of money among them for wares are changed for wares Brimstone groweth on the South part and almost throughout the whole Iland which is digged out in great abundance they sell this stuffe purged for a small price Mines of Gold or Siluer nor of any other mettall they haue none They vse Iron but such as is brought vnto them You shall scarse finde a man who hath not Iron Nayles in a Bagge wherewith Horse-shooes are fastened All their houses are vnder ground for they haue no matter for building There is not a tree in the whole Iland except the Birch-tree and that in one place which also exceedeth not the stature of a man in length and that by reason of the vehemencie of the winds that it cannot grow higher This Birch-tree after the Summer Solstitium beginnes first to bud the leaues haue a most sweet smell and of so fragrant a sauour that the Germanes put them in their Tents and vpon their meats for a singular delight Yet sometimes great abundance of Firre-trees from Tartaria or else-where carried by force of the waues and the Ice arriued in Island The chiefe vse of them is in building Cabbins vnder the ground you shall scarsly find a house out of the earth by

their Canoes which are Boates made of one piece They bring into Spaine from the Hauana excellent timber In the Iland of Cuba there are infinite numbers of like trees as Ebene Caouana Grenadill● Cedars and other kindes which I doe not know There are great Pine trees in new Spaine though they be not so strong as those in Spaine they beare no pignous or kernels but emptie apples The Oakes as they call them of Guayaquil is an excellent wood and sweet when they cut it yea there are Canes or most high Reeds of whose boughs or small reedes they doe make Bottles and Pitchers to carry water and doe likewise vse them in their buildings There is likewise the wood of Ma●sle or Firre whereof they make masts for their ships and they hold them as strong as Iron Molle is a tree of many vertues which casteth forth small boughes whereof the Indians make wine In Mexico they call it the tree of Peru for that it came from thence but it growes also in new Spaine and better then those in Peru. There are a thousand other Trees which were a superfluous labour to intreat of whereof some are of an exceeding greatnesse I will speake onely of one which is in Tlaco Chauoya three leagues from Guayaca in new Spaine this tree being measured within being hollow was found to haue nine fadome and without neere to the roote sixteene and somewhat higher twelue This tree was strooke with lightning from the toppe to the bottome through the heart the which caused this hollownesse they say that before the thunder fell vpon it it was able to shaddow a thousand men and therefore they did assemble there for their dances and superstitions yet to this day there doth remaine some boughes and verdure but not much They know not what kinde of tree it is but they say it is a kinde of Caedar Such as shall finde this strange let them reade what Plinie reporteth of the Plaine of Lidia the hollow whereof contained fourescore foot and one and seemed rather a Cabbin or a House then the hollow of a tree his boughes like a whole wood the shaddow whereof couered a great part of the field By that which is written of this Tree we haue no great cause to wonder at the Weauer who had his dwelling and Loome in the hollow of a Chesnut tree and of another Chesnut tree if it were not the very same into the hollow whereof there entered eighteene men on Horsebacke and passed out without disturbing one another The Indians did commonly vse their Idolatries in these Trees so strange and deformed euen as did the auncient Gentiles as some Writers of our time doe report The Indians haue receiued more profit and haue bin better recompenced in Plants that haue bin brought from Spaine then in any other Merchandise for that those few which are carried from the Indies into Spaine grow little there and multiply not and co●trariwise the great number that haue beene carried from Spaine to the Indies prosper well and multiply greatly I know not whether I shall attribute it to the bountie of the Plants that goe from hence or to the goodnesse of the soyle that is there Finally there is at the Indies any good thing that Spaine brings forth in some places it is better in some worse as Wheate Barley Hearbes and all kinds of Pulses also Lettuce Coleworts Radishes Onions Garlike Parsley Turneps Parseneps Becengenes or Apples of loue Siccorie Beetes Spinage Pease Beanes Fetches and finally whatsoeuer groweth here of any profit so as all that haue voyaged thither haue beene curious to carry Seedes of all sorts and all haue growne although diuersly some more some lesse As for those trees that haue most abundantly fructified be Orenge-trees Limons Citrons and other of that sort In some parts there are at this day as it were whole Woods and Forrests of Orange trees tha which seeming strange vnto me I asked who had planted the fields with so many Orange trees they made me answer that it did come by chance for that Oranges being fallen to the ground and rotten their seedes did spring and of those which the water had carried away into diuers parts these Woods grew so thicke which seemed to mee a very good reason I haue said that this fruite hath generally increased most at the Indies for that I haue not beene in any place but I finde Orange trees for that all their soile is hot and moist which this tree most desires There growes not any vpon the Sierre or Mountaine but they carrie them from the vallies or Sea coast The conserue of Oranges which they doe make at the Ilands is the best I haue seene any where Peaches Presses and Apricockes haue greatly multiplied especially in new Spaine At Peru there growes few of these kindes of fruites except Peaches and much lesse in the Ilands There growes Apples and Peares yet but scarcely there are but few Plumbs but aboundance of Figges chiefly in Peru. They finde Q●inces in all the Countrie of the Indies and in new Spaine in such aboundance as they gaue vs fiftie choice ones for halfe a riall There is great store of Pomegranats but they are all sweete for the sharpe are not there esteemed There are very good Melons in some parts of Peru. Cherries both wilde and tame haue not prospered well at the Indies the which I doe not impute to want of temperature for that there is of all sorts but to carelesnesse or that they haue not well obserued the temperature To conclude I doe not finde that in those parts there wants any daintie fruite As for grosse fruites they haue no Beillottes nor Chesnuts neither doe I finde that any haue growne there to this day Almonds grow there but rarely They carry from Spaine for such as are daintie mouthed both Almonds Nuts and Filberds but I haue not knowne they had any Medlers or Seruices which imports little There growes no Wine nor Grapes in the Ilands nor firme Land but in new Spaine there are some Vines which beare Grapes and yet make no Wine The cause is for that the Grape ripens not well by reason of the raine that fals in the Moneths of Iuly and August which hinders their ripening so as they serue onely to eate They car●y Wine out of Spaine and from the Canaries to all parts of the Indies except Peru and the Realme of Chille There are some places where the Vines are not watered neither from heauen nor earth and yet they increase in great abundance as in the Valley of Yca and in the ditches that they call Villacuzi in which places they finde ditches or th' earth sunke downe amongst the dead Sands which are thorowout the yeare of a wonderfull coolenesse and yet it raines not there at any time neither is there any manner of meanes to water it artificially the reason is because the soile is spongious and sucks vp the water of the riuers that

their bodies are almost feathers They sit not vpon the ground but hang vpon boughs by strings or feathers which they haue and so rest themselues like Flies or ayrie things In Peru there are birds which they call Tomineios so small that often-times I haue doubted seeing them flie whether they were Bees or Butter-flies but in truth they are birds Contrariwise those which they call Condores be of an exceeding greatnesse and of such a force that not only they will open a sheep and eate it but also a whole calfe Those which they call Auras and others Poullaze● which in my opinion are of the kinde of Rauens are of a strange lightnesse and haue a very quicke sight being very fit to clense Cities for that they leaue no Carrion nor dead thing They passe the night on Trees or vpon Rocks and in the morning they come to the Cities and Townes sitting on the tops of the highest buildings where they attend their prey Their yong haue white feathers as they report of Rauens and so change into blacke The Guacamayac be birds bigger then Parrets and resemble them something they are esteemed for the varietie of their feathers which be very faire and pleasing In new Spaine there are abundance of birds with excellent feathers so as there bee not any found in Europe that comes neere them as wee may see by the Images of feathers they bring from thence the which are with great reason much valued and esteemed giuing cause of admiration that with the feathers of birds they should make so excellent a worke and so perfectly equall as they seeme properly to be the true colours of a Painter and haue so liuely and pleasing a regard as the Painter cannot exceede it with his pencill and colours Some Indians which are good and expert workmen in this Art will represent perfectly in feathers whatsoeuer they see drawne with the pencill so as the Painters of Spaine haue in this point no aduantage ouer them Don Philip the Prince of Spaine his Schoole-master did giue vnto him three figures or portraitures made of feathers as it were to put in a Breuiarie His Highnesse did shew them to King Philip his father the which his Maiestie beholding attentiuely said that he had neuer seene in so small a worke a thing of so great excellency and perfection One day as they presented to Pope Sixtus Quintus another square bigger then it wherein was the figure of Saint Francis and that they had told him it was made of feathers by the Indians he desired to make triall thereof touching the table with his fingers to see if it were of feathers for that it seemed strange to see them so properly fitted that the eye could not iudge nor discerne whether they were naturall colours of feathers or artificiall done with the pencill It is a goodly thing to see the ●ustre which a greene an orange tawnie like gold and other fine colours doe cast and beholding them another way they seeme dead colours They make the best and goodliest figures of feathers in the Prouince of Mechouacan and in the village of Pascaro The manner is with small delicate Pinsors they pull the feathers from the dead fowles and with a fine paste they cunningly ioyne them together They take the small and delicate feathers of those birds which in Peru they call Tomineyos or others like vnto them which haue the most perfect colours in their feathers The Indians besides these Images did vse feathers in many other most excellent workes especially for the ornament of Kings and Noblemen their Temples and Idols There are also other great birds which haue excellent and fine feathers whereof they make plumes of sundrie colours especially when they goe to warre inriching them with gold and siluer very artificially which was a matter of great price They haue the same birds still but they are not so curious neither doe they make so many gentill deuices as they were wont There are other birds at the Indies contrarie to these of so rich feathers the which besides that they are ill-fauoured serue to no other vse but for dung and yet perchance they are of no lesse profit I haue considered this wondering at the prouidence of the Creator who hath so appointed that all Creatures should serue Man In some Ilands or Phares which are ioyning to the coast of Peru we see the tops of the Mountaines all white and to sight you would take it for Snow or for some white Land but they are heapes of dung of Sea fowle which goe continually thither and there is so great abundance as it riseth many Elles yea many Lances in height which seemes but a fable They goe with boates to these Ilands onely for the dung for there is no other profit in them And this dung is so commodious and profitable as it makes the earth yeeld great abundance of fruit They call this dung Guano whereof the Valley hath taken the name which they call Limaguana in the valleys of Peru where they vse this dung and it is the most ferrile of all that Country The Quinces Pomegranets and other fruits there exceed all other in bountie and greatnesse and they say the reason is for that the water wherewith they water it passeth by a Land compassed with this dung Besides the Beasts of Chase whereof wee haue spoken There are beasts called Sainos made like small Hogs which haue this singular to themselues to haue their Nauill vpon the ridge of their backs these goe by troupes through the Woods they are cruell and nothing fearfull but contrariwise they assaile and haue their tallents sharpe as Rasors wherewith they make dangerous wounds and incisions if such as hunt them put not themselues in safetie Such as hunt them for the more safer killing of them climbe vp into Trees whither the Sainos or Hogs come presently in troupes biting the Tree when they cannot hurt the man and then with their Lances they kill what they will They are very good to eate but they must of necessitie cut off the round piece where the Nauill growes vpon the backe for otherwise within a day they corrupt There is another kinde of little beast like to sucking Pigges and they call them Guadatinaias I am in doubt whether there were any Swine at the Indies before the Spaniards came thither like to these in Spaine for that in the discouerie of the Ilands of Soloman it is said they found Hennes and Swine of Spaine But howsoeuer it be it is most certaine that this Cattell hath greatly multiplyed at the Indies They eate the flesh fresh and hold it to bee as wholesome and as good as if it were of Mutton as in Carthagene in some parts they are become wilde and cruell the which they hunt like wilde Boares as wee see in Saint Dominique and other Ilands where the beasts liue in the Forests In some places they feede them with the graine of Mays

of the Hall they found the Captaine that did dine with them and with him many other Gentlemen that tarried their comming for to beare them company vnto their Lodging going before them many Seruants that did carrie the raw meate that was vpon the other Tables ouer and aboue that which they did eate on the which was done for great Maiestie and a Ceremonie very much vsed in that Kingdome so many times as they doe make any Banquet When they came vnto their Lodging they found that the Insuanto had sent them a very good Present in the which was for euery one of them foure pieces of silke and counting chists with other things and certayne painted Mantles for the Seruants and Slaues After they had taken their leaue of the Captaines and Gentlemen that did beare them company home they beganne with great ioy to put all things in order for their Iourney the next day following THe next day in the morning before that the Spaniards were stirring there was within the House all things necessary for their Iourney as well of Litter chaires as of Horses and Men for to carrie them and their stuffe the which they did with so good a will as aforesaid that they did fall out and striue amongst themselues who should be the first that should receiue their burthen So all things beeing in good order they departed hauing in their company the same Captaine and Souldiers that vnto that time had beene their guard vntill they came vnto the Citie of Aucheo whereas the Vice-roy was This day by reason they vnderstood that they should depart the prease and multitude of the people was so great that although they had Tip-staues before them to beate the people away and to make roome yet was it almost night before they could get out of the Citie so that they were constrained to remaine in a Towne there hard by all that night whereas by the commandement of the Gouernour they were very well lodged and their Supper made readie in very good order as it was in seuen dayes together till such time as they came vnto Aucheo without taking for the same or for any other thing necessarie for their sustentaion any price or value There went continually before them a Post with a prouision from the Gouernour written in a great board wherein was declared who they were and from whence they came and commanding that there should be prouided for them all things necessarie in abundance vpon the Kings cost which was the occasion that so much people came for to see them that in the high-waies they were many times disturbed with great trouble the third day they came vnto a Citie which was called Megoa which was sometimes the head gouernment the which was of forty thousand housholds but a great part thereof was dispeopled the occasion thereof they told vs and was that about thirtie yeares past the Iapones who brought for their Guides three Chinois came vpon that Citie to reuenge themselues of an injurie that was done vnto them the which they put in execution with so great secrecie and policie that they made themselues Lords of the Citie without any danger or hurt vnto themselues for that fiftie Iapones men fit for that purpose did apparell themselues in Chinois apparell without being knowne and came vnto a Gate of the Citie whereas the Souldiers that had the charge thereof were void of all suspition And within a little while after that followed two thousand that did dis-imbarke themselues in a secret and vnknowne place and came in very secret order because they would not be discouered and did beset that gate of the Citie whereas their companions were which they sent before who so soone as they saw them nigh at hand drew out their weapons the which they carried hid vnder their apparell set vpon the Soldiers that were void of feare and vnarmed with so great furie and force that they being amazed wert easily slain so that they were Lords of the Gate whereas they left very good guard and followed their victorie and made themselues Lords of the Citie without any danger vnto their persons and did possesse the same certaine daies and did sacke the same in spite of them all with great harme and losse vnto the Inhabitants thereof vntill such time as the Vice-roy of Aucheo did leuie an Armie together of threescore and ten thusand men but they seeing that they could not defend themselues against so many in one night they left the Citie and went vnto their ships whereas they had left them in very good order and carried with them the spoile of the Citie leauing it beaten downe So soone as they came thither the Friers remayned in their Lodgings but Pedro Sarmiento and Miguel de Loarcha went to visit the Gouernour vsing the Spanish courtesie with him and he receiued them with great joy and courtesie After they had taken their leaue and returned vnto their Lodgings the Gouernour sent to visit them El Tyu who is the ancientest of his Councell At their departure from this Citie trauelling towards Aucheo they passed ouer a mightie great Riuer by a Bridge all made of stone the goodliest and greatest that euer they had seene whose greatnesse did cause wonderfull admiration so that they stayed and did measure it from one end to another that it migt be put amongst the wonders of that Countrey which they tooke a note of They found that it was one thousand and three hundred foot long and that the least stone wherewith it was built was of seuenteene foot and many of two and twentie foot long and eight foote broad and seemed vnto them a thing impossible to bee brought thither by mans art for that all round about so farre as they could see was plaine ground without any Mountaines by which they judged them to be brought from farre When they were passed that Bridge they trauelled all the rest of the day till night vpon a Cawsie that was very broad and plaine and on both sides many Victualling Houses and the fields sowed with Rice wheate and other Seeds and so full of people as in the streets of a good Towne or Citie After they had trauelled more then halfe a league in the Suburbs of the Citie of Aucheo they met with a Post that came from the Vice-roy who brought order that they should remayne in a house that was appointed for them in the sayd Suburbes So soone as they were alighted there came a Gentleman to visite them sent from the Vice-roy to bid them welcome and to know how they did with their iourney and also to see that they were well prouided for that night of all things necessarie and that in abundance After this Gentleman came other Captaynes to visite them and brought with them great store of Conserues Wine and Fruit which is a common custome amongst them when that they goe in the like visitation and it is carryed by their seruants in

little Baskets very curiously wrought or else in Barrels made of earth all gilt Within two houres after their comming thither there came another messenger from the Vice-roy with many men laden with Capons Hennes Geese Teales gamons of Bacon and Conserues of diuers sorts and of great abundance sufficient for one hundred men to suppe that night and for their dinner the next day The next day in the morning very earely there came much people vnto their lodging sent by the Vice-roy and brought with them two rich Chayres for to carrie the Fathers in and the Curtaines tyed vp that they might the better bee seene and for their companions very good Horses sadled after the fashion which they doe vse They foorthwith made haste for to depart and although they made great speed yet were they a good houre and a halfe before they could come vnto the gates of the Citie and seemed vnto them that they had trauelled two leagues in the Suburbes well peopled faire houses and many shops full of Merchandise Before they came vnto the Gates they passed a mightie Riuer three times ouer Bridges that were great and very faire and the Riuer so deepe that great Ships came vp the same but their mastes stooping downe to passe vnder the bridges This Citie is the head Citie of all the Prouince verie rich and fertile and many Townes belonging vnto it and but eight leagues from the Sea They had no leasure to tell the Souldiers but they saw that from the Gate vntill they came vnto the Vice-royes Palace on both sides which was a good way to bee full of them and all richly apparelled and of one colour The people that were at the windowes and in the street betwixt the houses and the Souldiers were so great a number that it seemed to be doomes day and that all the people in the world were there ioyned together in that street When they came vnto the Palace which was two houres after day the Gentlemen that were their guides did cause the Spaniards to enter into a roome which was hard by till such time as the Gate was open for that it is open but once a day and so continue no longer time then the audience endureth which is done by the Vice-roy once euery day and that is but a small time But first before he doth enter into audience there is shot off foure peeces of Artillerie with a great noyse of Trumpets Drums and Waytes And there is no day that passeth without audience as our people did see by experience so long as they were there and were likewise informed of others The houre being come and the ceremonie done as aforesayd the Gates were opened and there was in the Court many Souldiers apparelled in the same liuerie that those were of in the street From the midst amongst them came foorth a Gentleman who was as it was told them the Captayne of the guard of the Vice-roy who came with great grauitie and authoritie towards the place whereas our people were and after they had saluted the one the other hee made signes vnto them that they should goe towards the gates of the Palace When they were within the first Court which was great and wrought with mightie pillars there was a great number of Souldiers and many Sergeants that entred into another great court and mounted vp a payre of stayres that was on the one side whereas all the people were with great silence sauing the Captayne of the guard who went with our people till they came to the gates of the Hall where was the Vice-roy at which gate hee stayed with his head discouered and made signes vnto ours that they should doe the like Then straight-wayes came foorth of the Hall a man apparelled in a long Robe of good personage and asked of the Spaniards if they would speake with the Vice-roy and they answered yea then asked hee againe from whom they came and by whom they were sent they answered that they were sent by the Gouernour of Philippinas who was seruant vnto the mightiest King in all Christendome When he had this answer he returned againe into the Hall and within a little while after he came foorth and bad them come in but gaue them to vnderstand that in entring into the hall whereas the Vice-roy was that they should kneele downe and talke with him in that order till hee commanded to the contrarie if they would vse this Ceremonie that then they should come in if not that they should returne backe againe They sayd that they would obserue the order giuen vnto them Therewith hee went in who seemed to bee the Master of ceremonies making a signe that they should follow after him and doe that which hee willed them to doe At the entring in at the doore they stayed a little and then kneeled downe right ouer against there whereas the Vice-roy sate in a Chayre very high like vnto a Throne with a Table before him and was in so darke a place that almost they could not see his face very well On the one side of him there were some like vnto Heralds of Armes with Scepters in their hands and on the other side two men of a gallant comlinesse armed with Corslets made of scales of Gold downe to the calfe of their legges with Bowes in their hands of gold and Quiuers at their backs of the same Both the one and the other were vpon their knees There was vpon the Table before him paper and all things necessarie to write which is an ordinarie vse amongst them at all times when there is any publike audience and on the one side of the board a Lion made of blacke wood which was as after they vnderstood the Armes of that Prouince So straight-wayes hee made signes vnto them to draw neere which they did and kneeled downe a little from the Table which was whereas the Master of Ceremonies did will them In this sort they began to talke with him by their Interpreter and told them the occasion of their comming into that Citie and Kingdome and from whom and vnto whom they were sent But hee made signes vnto them that they should arise the which they did with a very good will and did perseuer in their intent But the Vice-roy did cut them off before they could make an end and asked if they had brought any Letter from their King vnto the King his Lord whom they would goe to see and talke with but when they answered no hee straight-wayes tooke his leaue of them saying that they were welcome and that they should depart vnto their lodgings and to take their ease for that afterwards they should haue occasion to declare their mindes vnto him and hee would giue them their answer for that the King was farre off and it requireth along time to come whereas hee is but he would write vnto him and according vnto his commandement he would make them answer And therewith hee tooke the Letter and

three apparant and certaine causes and a fourth more obscure and darke The apparant and certaine causes bee The first is the Ocean the second the situation of the Land and the third the nature and propertie of many and sundrie windes Besides these three which I hold for manifest I beleeue there is a fourth hidden and lesse apparant which is the propertie of the same Land inhabited and the particular influence of the Heauens Among the speciall causes and reasons I haue first placed the Sea for without doubt the neernesse thereof doth helpe to temper and coole the heat for although the Water be salt yet is it alwayes water whose nature is cold But if wee shall yet search more particularly wee shall not finde in all this Land an equall temperature of heate although it bee in equall distance from the Sea and in the same degree seeing that in some part● there is great heate and in some very little Doubtlesse the cause thereof i● that the one is lower and the other higher which causeth that the one is hot and the other cold It is most certaine that the tops of the Mountaines are colder then in the bottome of the Vallies the which proceedes not onely for that the Sunne beames haue greater repercussions vpon lower places although it be a great reason yet there is another which is that the Region of the ai●e is colder when it is farthest from the ground The cause why the middle Region of the aire is more cold hath beene shewed before for that the Region of the aire next to the fierie exhalation the which according to Aristotle is vpon the Spheare of the aire repells and thrusts backe all the cold the which retires it selfe into the middle Region of the aire by Antiparistasis as the Philosophers speake Now if any one should question with me in this manner If it be so that the aire is hot and moist as Aristotle holds and as we commonly say whence then proceedes the cold which is congealed in the middle Region of the aire seeing it cannot come from the fierie Spheare For if it come from the Water or the Earth by this reason the lower Region of the aire should be colder then the middle To answere truly what I thinke I will confesse that this Argument and Obiection is so difficult as I am almost readie to follow the opinion of such as reproue the qualities agreements and disagreements which Ar●stotle giues vnto the Elements ●aying they are but imaginations who for this occasion hold the aire to bee cold by nature And to this end they vse many arguments and reasons whereof we will propound one very familiar and well knowne leauing the rest apart In the Canicular dayes we are accustomed to beate the aire with a fan and wee finde that it doth refresh vs so as these Authors affirme that heate is no priuate propertie of any other Element but of fire onely which is dispersed and mingled with all things as the great Denis doth teach vs. But whether it be so or otherwise for I will not contradict Aristotle but in that which is most certaine in the end they agree all that the middle Region of the aire is colder then the lowest next to the Earth as experience doth shew vs seeing that in this middle Region are congealed Snow Haile Frosts and other signes of extreme cold The middle Region then which they call the burning Zone hauing on the one side the Sea and on the other the Mountaines we must hold them for sufficient causes to temper and coole the heate The temperature of this Region ought chiefly to be attributed to the propertie of the winde that blowes in that Country the which is pleasant and fresh The prouidence of the great God Creator of all things hath beene such as he hath ordayned fresh and coole windes in that Region where the Sunne makes his course which seemes should be burnt vp that by their coolenesse the excessiue heate of the Sunne might be qualified Wee see in one climate some Regions and Cities hotter then others onely for that they feele lesse winde to refresh them The like is in other Countries where no winde blowes the which are all on fire like vnto a furnace If we shall neerly looke into the consideration of the winde whereof we haue spoken we may resolue many doubts which some obiect and which seeme strange and wonderfull wherefore the Sunne casting his beames vpon the burning Zone and particularly at Peru and that more violently then in Spaine in the Canicular dayes yet they defend the heat with a light couering so as with a slender couering of mats or straw they are better preserued from the heate then in Spaine vnder a roote of wood or a vault of stone Moreouer why are not the nights in Summer at Peru as hot and troublesome as in Spaine Wherefore on the highest tops of Mountaines euen amongst the heapes of snowe you shall sometimes feele great and insupportable heat Wherefore in all the Prouince of Colao when yee come into the shade how little soeuer you feele cold But comming into the Sunne beames you presently finde the heate excessiue Euery morning the winde from the Sea doth cease and the Sunne begins to cast his beames and for this reason they feele the greatest heat in the morning vntill the returne of the same windes which otherwise they call the tyde or winde of the Sea which makes them first to feele cold Wee haue tried all this whilest wee were at the Ilands of Barlouante where in the mornings wee did sweat for heat and at noone we felt a fresh aire for that then a North Easterly winde which is fresh and coole doth commonly blow Considering with my selfe the pleasing temperature of many Countries at the Indies where they know not what Winter is which by his cold doth freeze them nor Summer which doth trouble them with heat but that with a Mat they preserue themselues from the iniuries of all weather and where they scarce haue any neede to change their garments throughout the yeere I say that often considering of this I find that if men at this day would vanquish their passions and free themselues from the snares of couetousnesse leauing many fruitlesse and pernicious designes without doubt they might liue at the Indies very pleasant and happily for that which other Poets sing of the Elisean fields of the famous T●●p● or that which Plato reports or feignes of his Atlantike Iland men should finde in these Lands if with a generous spirit they would choose rather to command their siluer and their desires then to remayne to it slaues as they are Hauing discoursed in the two former Bookes of that which concernes the Heauens and the habitation of the Indies in generall it behooues vs now to treat of the three elements Aire Water and Land and their compounds which be metals plants and beasts for as for the fire I