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B13698 A dialogue or conference betweene Irenæus and Antimachus, about the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England: by Samuel Gardiner, Doctor of Diuinitie Gardiner, Samuel, b. 1563 or 4. 1605 (1605) STC 11575; ESTC S102819 49,951 71

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imbrace the sweet peace and welfare offered vs vnder such gentle fauourable and honest conditions The learned brethren in the daies of Queen Marie would haue embraced with both armes such a consideration as this for the purchase of their liues and liberty Antimachus It is to purpose that you say but I assault you with a new argument thus These garments that are enioyned vs are reliques of Rome and old Popish trash wherfore as we haue renounced the Pope and his religion we ought to haue no thing to do with his reliques of superstition Irenaeus You shall neuer prooue that this different habite of the ministers that you can not like was first founded by the Pope I am sure that the Aegyptians in the sacrifices of Isis long before euer there was a Pope were cloathed with white garments as the Poet Ouid testifieth saying Nunc dea linigera colitur celeberrima turba The goddesse great by euerie wight Ouidlus Is now ador'd with garments white And we find in the stories of the Church that Iohn the Apostle ware at Ephesus a pontificall breast plate And the Deacon Pontius witnesseth of Cyprian the Martyr that when he was to dye he gaue his surplesse to the Deacons and stood in linnen robes Hierome sheweth that there was an vniforme habite of ministers in ministration and seruice of religion Hieron li. 13. in 44. Ezech. and a diftering attire for the vse of common life This vniforme habite which was vsed in the religion of god by the Bishop priest and Deacon was the white vesture as the same father elsewhere teacheth Hieron li. 1. aduers pelag lib. 1. cap. 9. saying Is it any enmitie to god if I weare a white garment that is comelie If the Bishop priest or Deacon and the rest of Ecclesiasticall ranke come to administer the vsuall sacrifice in a white vesture are they therefore hereby Gods aduersaries Now that it was the receiued vse of those times wherein that holy father Hierom liued to put on white garments in the execution of diuine seruice and in the celebration of the blessed sacraments the counsell of Carthage maketh proofe at which were present two hundred and fourteen Bishops among whome was Augustine The testimony of that Counsell is this Diaconus tempore oblationis tantum vel lectionis alba induitur Concil Carthage Canon 46. The Deacon onelie in the time of oblation or reading is cloathed in white raiment Chrisostome also maketh mention of the white garments of the ministers of the church Antient writers do report that the Christians when they were conuerted to Christ changed their habit in stead of their gowne tooke a cloake for which when they were flowted by the heathens Tertullian wrote a learned treatise of the cloake And we may not be ignorant that to such as were entred the church by baptisme an Albe or white garmēt was deliuered Wherefore hence it is a cleere case that before the popes vsurped tyranny had beginning there were no few differences of garments in the church But to yeld you so much for further conference sake that the Pope was the Patrone of these garments your consequence will not hold that therefore they are to be absolutely refused For to restrain vs from euery thing that the Pope vseth is to nip the neck of the Church with too straight a yoake and to lay too great a burden of bondage vpon it Truly our forefathers in a good discretion coulde appropriate the temples of Idols vnto religious vses and to the trew seruice and worship of god and diuert such reuenues as had bin formerly deuoted to vild vses as to the imaginary gods of the gentiles to theatricall pastimes to their vestall virgines to the maintenance of Church ministers Wheras before they serued not only Antichrist but the diuell The Poets did dedicate the fruits of their wits their verses and pamphlets to their seueral Muses and Gods yet holy writers where they haue foūd any good stuffe in them worthy of their vse they haue bin bold to make benefit of them wherin they haue the Apostle Paul their example who brought three quotatiōs of poets as of Menander Aratus Epimenides into the body of the Bible Who doth not also know that wine was consecrated to Bacchus bread to Ceres water to Neptune oyle to Minerua learning to Mercurie Musick to the Muses or Apollo and many other such things yee may reade in Tertullian his treatise De corona militis where he dealeth with this subiect matter all which we make no bones to vse as well in sacred as prophane vses albeit they had bin dedicated to Idols or deuils Antimachus You haue set a good die vpon a course cloath This fashion and forme of ministers attire is but an humane inuention is it any more Irenaeus It is For the linuen garment and vestiments of the church haue very nigh resemblance of Aarons Ephod and his other pontificall induments ordained by god The linnen garment was after that a symbole of a professor of religion 1. Sam. 2. 2. Sam. 6. as Samuels linnen coate was to him and as Dauids linnen Ephod was wherwith he was girded when he danced before the Ark. And the roabes of our Bishops are taken vp in immitation of the high priests robes enioyned at the appointment of God by Moses But let it be an humane inuention because it pleaseth you to think no better of it Are you in that mind that all humane inuentions are to be throwen out of the church If you thinke so then must we alter the time of our Communions it being at supper and first of all celebrated by Christ at night and humane wisedome hath lawfully enough dispensed with the time Act. 4.37 and trāslated it to the morning So that receiued order of the primitiue church that the price of such things that were sould should be laide at the Apostles feet was meerly mans ordination and constitution wherefore you may aswell stomack that and except against it Antimachus But I pray you what vse is there of them that you please to pleade so for them Irenaeus Truly much euery way For they are not without good and proper signification 1. For the linnen garment in diuine seruice is more cōmēdable then that which is of woole because it is a symbole and signe of innocencye and puritie wherfore it is said in the Reuelation of the saints that they shal be cloathed with long white robes Antimachus Our sacred profession signifieth so much let vs therfore sample it not signifie that purity Irenaeus You may tell Paul so much when he decreed among the Corinthians 1. Co. 11.5 that the woman should haue her head couered and the man should be bareheaded and standeth only vpon the signification of it You may herin say vnto him let the man shew himselfe his wiues head and let the womans behauiour declare that shee is subiect to her husband and let them not by dum signes demonstrate it
But the Apostles wisedom thought it behoofefull that both by sayings and signes they should be lessoned in their duties Antimachus Is there no other vse of the garmentes but this Irenaeus Pithagor as giueth me this vse beside that the linnen garment putteth me mind of my first estate before sin came into the world that I should labour what I might to recouer that againe as the wollen weed doth set before mine eyes the miseries of this present life of sin of death the wages of sin due vnto vs all by the fall of Adam For you cannot haue a garment of wollen without the death or iniury offered to the beasts that giue them for which cause as Pythagor as sayth wollen was an abhomination in a garment but line and flax whereof the linnen garment is made because it groweth out of the earth without wrong done to the life of that is had Antimachus Can you yet make more meaning hereof Irenaeus 3. Further the linnen garment is the marke of my high calling Mal. 3.1 of the dignity of my place and person For the ministers are called the Angels and messengers of the Lorde of hoasts and Angels almost alwayes appeared to men cloathed in white garments Why should we therfore come with such shredding kniues to pare the church of her lawfull liberty in the garments that it vseth and enioyneth placing no religion therin and being so spare of ceremonies as it is Ierome in his second booke against Iouinian inhibiteth this white attire to Monkes because it was so triumphant and stately as it was euer so in account among the very heathens Wherfore their magistrates were called Candidati because they came into the senate of Rome in white robes Afterward there were those that were thus cloathed that were called Candidati Caesaris who were Caesars Secretaries and read the Emperors letters openly in the Counsell house In those times none might weare such a garment but great men such as were called albae gallinae filij men of great fortunes and excelling in authority Now then because we haue obteined so high a name as to be the Lords Angels and Embassadors let vs be thus apparelled like men of our degree Achab and Iehosophat went in royall robes And religious Queen Ester was apparrelled according to her estate 2. Ring 22. 2. Chr. 18. Esth 2 Esth 8. Dan. 5. Act. 12. And her good vncle Mordechai was arrayed like an honourable man So was Daniel when he was aduanced suite accordingly So was Herod A long gowne is fitting a counsellor a short vesture is for a day labourer or vulgar lay person and the white ornament hath best correspondency with the ministers office of such dignity and preheminency Antimachus But in my mind the eyes of the people that are wholy fixed vpon such objects draw away their minds from better thoughts For as children delight more in the pictures that are in their bookes then in their lessons so the people to feed their fancies do more regard such apparell then the preaching of him that weareth it Irenaeus It will not be so if the outward ornaments of the church be but such as commonly haue bin vsed especially if they be plaine as the surplesse rotchet and the habite of our ministers and Bishop is For the vse and plainnesse of them preuent and take away al manner of admiration I would also think it more likely that the people whilest in wonder they behould such things would sall into further and deeper meditations of diuine matters Antimachus How happeneth it seeing there is such multiplicity of good vse in these garments that many other reformed churches entertain them not Irenaeus Non est eadem ratio vrbis orbis Lawes may differ according to the nature and condition of the place For other manners agree with other men other meats delight other stomacks other ayer is more fit for other natures and so may other lawes be for other countries But it is needefull that one state should be vnder one discipline lib. 10. It is Curtius his saying Eiusdem iuris esse debent qui sub eodem rege victurisunt They ought to be vnder one law that are vnder one Prince For diuision in lawes maketh a diuision and partition in the Kingdom For as a painter though he be neuer so cunning a workman and shaddoweth his worke with neuer such liuely and orient colours to make two boords seem one yet if those boords be not better glued together they will be seen to be two so that the church or common wealth may be one the people must be coadunated or coanimated in one or else a rupture in the frame of gouernment Delegib lib. 6. will very soone appeare It is equality that conioyneth friendship and is the mother of friendship as Plato sayth And inequality as Aristotle saith is the foundation and ground of suspition Polit. lib. 5 cap. 1. 2. Now there is no equality in this that some should be square and others round some white some black But hereof we will intreat more afterward Antimachus But might we not haue an absolute discipline and gouernement for the Church though there were no cannons for apparell but euery one were left to his owne choyce therin Irenaeus Though there were no Prouiso in this case yet reason should perswade vs that we should as in other things be vniforme in apparell Gratian doth aduise vs to suite our selues in our habite to those among whome we do conuerse plainly saying that he that doth otherwise is eyther superstitious or humorous The glossary propoundeth vs this rule to obserue that in the forme of our apparell we would apply our selues to the custome of the place wherin we liue Aug. de doctr Christiana lib. 3. To him consent Panoruntanus Benedictus Caprea Baldus Thomas Ierom who commendeth Nepotian for obseruing this rule And it is Augustines direction in his volume of Christian learning that we diuide not our selues in these transitory things frō the vnity of the church and from the vse of the times and places where we liue And Ambrose holdeth it very decent and becomming our duty to accommodate our selues to the customs of the countries where we conuerse if we would not be offensiue to any or haue any offensiue to vs. In old time at Rome and afterward at Constantinople there were exercises and games of running kept which continued to the time of Phocas the Emperour where the actors and cursitors diuided themselues by their colours in their suites of apparel some in green some in a sadder white Hereupon there grew partaking among the people and choosing of sides and therwithall such enuy emulations affections as after they had done their sports they began to be in earnest and each part to fight vnder his colours that it cost a deale of bloud in Aegypt Syria Greece Ochosias asked his Legats whō he had sent to the god of Archaron for oracle 2. King 1. of what forme and