those Counties in the Northen parts generally faithful to his Majesty but raised an Army for His Majesties Interest and the protection of his good subjects thought it convenient to employ and authorise some persons of Quality to attend upon my Lord and treat with him on their behalf that he would be pleased to give them the assistance of his Army which my Lord granted them upon such Terms as did highly advance His Majesties Service which was my Lords chief and onely aim Thus my Lord being with his Army invited into York-Shire He prepared for it with all the speed that the nature of that business could possibly permit and after he had fortified the Town of Newcastle Tynmouthcastle Hartlepool a Haven Town and some other necessary Garisons in those parts and Mann'd Victuall'd and order'd their constant supply He thought it fit in the first place before he did march to manifest to the World by a Declaration in Print the reasons and grounds of his undertaking that design which were in General for the preservation of His Majesties Person and Government and the defence of the Orthodox Church of England where He also satisfied those that murmur'd for my Lords receiving into his Army such as were of the Catholick Religion and then he presently marched with his Army into York-shire to their assistance and within the time agreed upon came to York notwithstanding the Enemies Forces gave him all the interruption they possibly could at several passes whereof the chief was at Pierce-bridg at the entering into York-shire where 1500 of the Enemies Forces Commanded in chief by Col. Hotham were ready to interrupt my Lord's Forces sent thither to secure that passe consisting of a Regiment of Dragoons commanded by Colonel Thomas Howard and a Regiment of Foot Commanded by Sir William Lambton which they performed with so much Courage that they routed the Enemy and put them to flight although the said Col. Howard in that Charge lost his life by an unfortunate shot The Enemy thus missing of their design fled until they met with a conjunction of their whole Forces at Tadcaster some eight miles distant from York and my Lord went on without any other considerable Interruption Being come to York he drew up his whole Army before the Town both Horse and Foot where the Commander in Chief the then earl of Cumberland together with the Gentry of the Country came to wait on my Lord and the then Governor of York Sir Thomas Glemham presented him with the Keys of the City Thus my Lord marched into the Town with great joy and to the general satisfaction both of the Nobility and Gentry and most of the Citizens and immediately without any delay in the later end of December 1642 fell upon Consultations how he might best proceed to serve his King and Country and particularly how his Army should be maintained and paid as he did also afterwards in every Country wheresoever he marched well knowing that no Army can be governed without being constantly and regularly supported by provision and pay Whereupon it was agreed That the Nobility and Gentry of the several Counties should select a certain number of themselves to raise money by a regular Tax for the making provisions for the support and maintenance of the Army rather than to leave them to free-quarter and to carve for themselves and if any of the Soldiers were exorbitant and disorderly and that it did appear so to those that were authorised to examine their deportment that presently order should be given to repair those injuries out of the moneys levied for the Soldiery by which means the Country was preserved from many inconveniences which otherwise would doubtless have followed And though the season of the year might well have invited my Lord to take up his Winter-quarters it being about Christmas yet after he had put a good Garison into the City of York and fortified it upon intelligence that the Enemy was still at Tadcaster and had fortified that place he resolved to march thither The greatest part of the Town stands on the West side of a River not fordable in any place near thereabout nor allowing any passage into the Town from York but over a Stone-bridge which the Enemy had made impassable by breaking down part of the Bridg and planting their Ordnance upon it and by raising a very large and strong Fort upon the top of a Hill leading Eastward from that Bridg towards York upon design of commanding the Bridg and all other places fit to draw up an Army in or to plant Cannon against them But notwithstanding all these Discouragements my Lord after he had refresh'd his Army at York and recruited his provisions ordered a march before the said Town in this manner That the greatest part of his Horse and Dragoons should in the night march to a Pass at Weatherby five miles distant from Tadcaster towards North-west from thence under the Command of his then Lieutenant General of the Army to appear on the West side of Tadcaster early the next morning by which time my Lord with the rest of his Army resolved to appear at the East-side of the said Town which intention was well design'd but ill executed for though my Lord with that part of the Army which he commanded in person that is to say his Foot and Cannon attended by some Troops of Horse did march that night and early in the morning appear'd before the Town on the East side thereof and there drew up his Army planted his Cannon and closely and orderly besieged that side of the Town and from ten in the morning till four a Clock in the afternoon battered the Enemies Forts and Works as being in continual expectation of the appearance of the Troops on the other side according to his order yet whether it was out of Neglect or Treachery that my Lords Orders were not obeyed that days Work was rendred ineffectual as to the whole Design However the vigilancy of My Lord did put the Enemy into such a Terror that they forsook that Fort and secretly fled away with all their Train that very night to another strong hold not far distant from Tadcaster called Cawood-Castle to which by reason of its low and boggy Scituation and foul and narrow Lanes and passages it was not possible for my Lord to pursue them without too great an hazard to his Army whereas had the Lieutenant General performed his Duty in all probability the greatest part of the principal Rebels in York-shire would that day have been taken in their own trap and their further mischief prevented My Lord the next morning instead of storming the Town as he he had intended entred without interruption and there stayed some few days to refresh his Army and order that part of the Country In December 1642. My Lord thought it fit to march to Pomfret and to quarter his Army in that part of the Country which was betwixt Cawood and some Garisons of the Enemy in the
ordered the then Clerk of the Peace of that County That the same account should be recorded amongst the Sessions Roles and be published in open Sessions to the end that the Country might take notice how their monies were disposed of for which act of Justice My Lord was highly commended Within some few years after King Charles the First of blessed Memory His Gracious Soveraign in regard of His true and faithful service to his King and Country was pleased to honour him with the Title of Earl of Newcastle and Baron of Bothal and Heple which Title he graced so much by His Noble Actions and Deportments that some seven years after which was in the Year 1638. His Majesty called him up to Court and thought Him the fittest Person whom He might intrust with the Government of His Son Charles then Prince of Wales now our most Gracious King and made him withal a Member of the Lords of His Majesties most honourable Privy Council which as it was a great Honour and Trust so He spared no care and industry to discharge His Duty accordingly and to that end left all the care of governing his own Family and Estate with all Fidelity attending His Master not without considerable Charges and vast Expences of his own In this present Employment He continued for the space of three Years during which time there happened an Insurrection and Rebellion of His Majesties discontented Subjects in Scotland which forced His Majesty to raise an Army to reduce them to their Obedience and His Treasury being at that time exhausted he was necessitated to desire some supply and assistance of the Noblest and Richest of his Loyal Subjects amongst the rest My Lord lent His Majesty 10000 l. and raised Himself a Voluntier-Troop of Horse which consisted of 120 Knights and Gentlemen of Quality who marched to Berwick by His Majesties Command where it pleased His Majesty to set this mark of Honour upon that Troop that it should be Independent and not commanded by any General Officer but onely by his Majesty Himself The reason thereof was upon this following occasion His Majesties whole body of Horse being commanded to march into Scotland against the Rebels a place was appointed for their Rendezvous Immediately upon their meeting My Lord sent a Gentleman of Quality of his Troop to His Majesties then General of the Horse to know where his Troop should march who returned this answer That it was to march next after the Troops of the General Officers of the Field My Lord conceiving that his Troop ought to march in the Van and not in the Rear sent the same Messenger back again to the General to inform him That he had the honour to march with the Princes Colours and therefore he thought it not fit to march under any of the Officers of the Field yet nevertheless the General ordered that Troop as he had formerly directed Whereupon My Lord thinking it unfit at that time to dispute the business immediately commanded his Cornet to take off the Princes Colours from his staff and so marched in the place appointed choosing rather to march without his Colours flying then to lessen his Masters dignity by the command of any subject Immediately after the return from that expedition to his Majesties Leaguer the General made a complaint thereof to his Majesty who being truly informed of the business commended my Lords discretion for it and from that time ordered that Troop to be commanded by none but himself Thus they remain'd upon duty without receiving any pay or allowance from His Majesty until His Majesty had reduced his Rebellious Subjects and then My Lord returned with honour to his Charge viz. The Government of the Prince At last when the whole Army was disbanded then and not before my Lord thought it a fit Time to exact an account from the said General for the affront he pass'd upon him and sent him a Challenge the place and hour being appointed by both their Consents where and when to meet My Lord appear'd there with his Second but found not his Opposite After some while his Opposite's Second came all alone by whom my Lord perceiv'd that their Design had been discover'd to the King by some of his Opposite's Friends who presently caused them both to be confined until he had made their Peace My Lord having hitherto attended the Prince his Master with all faithfulness and duty befitting so great an Employment for the space of three years in the beginning of that Rebellious and unhappy Parliament which was the cause of all the ruines and misfortunes that afterwards befell this Kingdom was privately advertised that the Parliaments Design was to take the Government of the Prince from him which he apprehending as a disgrace to Himself wisely prevented and obtained the Consent of His late Majesty with His Favour to deliver up the Charge of being Governor to the Prince and retire into the Countrey which he did in the beginning of the Year 1641 and setled himself with his Lady Children and Family to his great satisfaction with an intent to have continued there and rested under his own Vine and managed his own Estate but he had not enjoyed himself long but an Express came to him from His Majesty who was then unjustly and unmannerly treated by the said Parliament to repair with all possible speed and privacy to Kingston upon Hull where the greatest part of His Majesties Ammunition and Arms then remained in that Magazine it being the most considerable place for strength in the Northern parts of the Kingdom Immediately upon the receipt of these His Majesties Orders and Commands my Lord prepared for their execution and about Twelve of the Clock at night hastned from his own house when his Familie were all at their rest save two or three Servants which he appointed to attend him The next day early in the morning he arrived at Hull in the quality of a private Gentleman which place was distant from his house forty miles and none of his Family that were at home knew what was become of him till he sent an Express to his Lady to inform her where he was Thus being admitted into the Town he fell upon his intended Design and brought it to so hopeful an issue for His Majesties Service that he wanted nothing but His Majesties further Commission and Pleasure to have secured both the Town and Magazine for His Majesties use and to that end by a speedy Express gave His Majesty who was then at Windsor an account of all his Transactions therein together with his Opinion of them hoping His Majesty would have been pleased either to come thither in Person which He might have done with much security or at least have sent him a Commission and Orders how he should do His Majesty further Service But instead thereof he received Orders from His Majesty to observe such Directions as he should receive from the Parliament then sitting Whereupon he was
summoned personally to appear at the House of Lords and a Committee chosen to examine the Grounds and Reasons of his undertaking that Design but my Lord shewed them his Commission and that it was done in obedience to His Majesties Commands and so was cleared of that Action Not long after my Lord obtained the freedom from His Majesty to retire again to his Countrey-Life which he did with much alacrity He had not remained many months there but His Majesty was forced by the fury of the said Parliament to repair in Person to York and to send the Queen beyond the Seas for her safety No sooner was His Majesty arrived at York but he sent his Gommands to my Lord to come thither to him which according to his wonted custom and loyalty he readily obeyed and after a few days spent there in Consultation His Majesty was pleased to Command him to Newcastle upon Tyne to take upon him the Government of that Town and the four Counties next adjoining that is to say Northumberland Cumberland Westmerland and the Bishoprick of Durham which my Lord did accordingly although he wanted Men Money and Ammunition for the performance of that design for when he came thither he neither found any Military provision considerable for the undertaking that work nor generally any great encouragement from the people in those parts more then what his own interest created in them Nevertheless he thought it his duty rather to hazard all then to neglect the Commands of His Soveraign and resolved to shew his Fidelity by nobly setting all at stake as he did though he well knew how to have secured himself as too many others did either by Neutrality or adhering to the Rebellious Party but his Honour and Loyalty was too great to be stained with such foul adherencies As soon as my Lord came to Newcastle in the first place he sent for all his Tenants and Friends in those parts and presently raised a Troop of Horse consisting of 120. and a Regiment of Foot and put them under Command and upon duty and exercise in the Town of Newcastle and with this small beginning took the Government of that place upon him where with the assistance of the Towns-men particularly the Mayor whom by the power of his Forces he continued Mayor for the year following he being a person of much trust and fidelity as he approved himself and the rest of his Brethren within few days he fortified the Town and raised men daily and put a Garrison of Soldiers into Tinmouth Castle standing upon the River Tyne betwixt Newcastle and the Sea to secure that Port and armed the Soldiers as well as he could And thus he stood upon his Guard and continued them upon Duty playing his weak Game with much Prudence and giving the Town and Country very great satisfaction by his noble and honourable Deportment In the mean time there happend a great mutiny of the Trainband Souldiers of the Bishoprick at Durham so that my Lord was forced to remove thither in Person attended with some forces to appease them where at his arrival I mention it by the way and as a merry passage a jovial Fellow used this expression That he liked my Lord very well but not his Company meaning his Soldiers After my Lord had reduced them to their obedience and duty he took great care of the Church Government in the said Bishoprick as he did no less in all other places committed to his Care and Protection well knowing that Schism and Faction in Religion is the Mother of all or most Rebellions Wars and Disturbances in a State or Government and constituted that Learned and Eminent Divine the then Dean of Peterborough now Lord-Bishop of Durham to view all sermons that were to be Preached and suffer nothing in them that in the least reflected against His Majesties Person and Government but to put forth and add whatsoever he thought convenient and punish those that should trespass against it In which that worthy Person used so much care and industry that never the Church could be more happily govern'd then it was at that present Some short time after my Lord received from Her Majesty the Queen out of Holland a small supply of Money viz. a little barrel of Ducatoons which amounted to about 500 l. Sterling which my Lord distributed amongst the Officers of his new raised Army to encourage them the better in their service as also some Armes the most part whereof were consigned to his late Majesty and those that were ordered to be conveyed to his Majesty were sent accordingly conducted by that onely Troop of Horse which my Lord had newly raised with orders to return again to him but it seems His Majesty liked the Troop so well that he was pleased to command their stay to recruit his own Army About the same time the King of Denmark was likewise pleased to send His Majesty a Ship which arrived at Newcastle laden with some Ammunition Armes Regiment Pieces and Danish Clubs which my Lord kept for the furnishing of some Forces which he intended to raise for His Majesties service for he perceiving the flames increase more and more in both the Houses of Parliament then sitting at Westminster against his Majesties Person and Government upon Consultation with his Friends and Allies and the interest he had in those Northern parts took a resolution to raise an Army for His Majesties service and by an express acquainted His Majesty with his design who was so well pleased with it that he sent him Commissions for that purpose to constitute him General of all the Forces raised and to be raised in all the parts of the Kingdom Trent-North and moreover in the several Counties of Lincoln Nottingham Derby Lancashire Cheshire Leicester Rutland Cambridg Huntington Norfolk Suffolk and Essex and Commander in Chief for the same as also to impower and authorize him to confer the honour of Knighthood upon such Persons as he should conceive deserved it and to coin Money and Print whensoever he saw occasion for it Which as it was not onely a great Honour but a great Trust and Power so he used it with much discretion and wisdom onely in such occurrencies where he found it tending to the advancement of His Majesties Service and conferr'd the honour of Knighthood sparingly and but on such persons whose Valiant and Loyal Actions did justly deserve it so that he Knighted in all to the number of Twelve Within a short time my Lord formed an Army of 8000 Foot Horse and Dragoons and put them into a condition to march in the beginning of November 1642. No sooner was this effected but the Insurrection grew high in York-Shire in so much that most of His Majesties good subjects of that County as well the Nobility as Gentry were forced for the preservation of their persons to retire to the City of York a walled Town but of no great strength and hearing that my Lord had not onely kept
being both Valiant and Heroick Persons good Soldiers and most Loyal Subjects to His Majesty the one an excellent Commander of Horse the other of Foot My Lord having now lived in Rotterdam almost six months at a great charge keeping an open and noble Table for all comers and being pleased especially to entertain such as were excellent Soldiers and noted Commanders of War whose kindness he took as a great Obligation still hoping that some occasion would happen to invite those worthy Persons into England to serve His Majesty but seeing no probability of either returning into England or doing His Majesty any service in that kind he resolved to retire to some place where he might live privately and having chosen the City of Antwerp for that purpose went to the Hague to take his leave of His Highness the Prince our now gracious Soveraign My Lord had then but a small stock of money left for though the then Marquess of Hereford after Duke of S omerset and his Cousin-German once removed the now Earl of Devonshire had lent him 2000 l. between them yet all that was spent and above 1000 l. more which my Lord borrowed during the time he lived in Rotterdam his Expence being the more by reason as I mentioned he lived freely and nobly However my Lord notwithstanding that little provision of Money he had set forth from Rotterdam to Antwerp where for some time he lay in a publick Inne until one of his Friends that had a great love and respect for my Lord Mr. Endymion Porter who was Groom of the Bed-chamber to His Majesty King Charles the First a place not onely honourable but very profitable being not willing that a Person of such Quality as my Lord should lie in a publick House profer'd him Lodgings at the House where he was and would not let my Lord be at quiet until he had accepted of them My Lord after he had stay'd some while there endeavouring to find out a House for himself which might fit him and his small Family for at that time he had put off most of his Train and also be for his own content lighted on one that belonged to the Widow of a famous Picture-drawer Van Ruben which he took About this time my Lord was much necessitated for Money which forced him to try several ways for to obtain so much as would relieve his present wants At last Mr. Alesbury the onely Son to Sir Th. Alesbury Knight and Baronet and Brother to the now Countess of Clarendon a very worthy Gentleman and great Friend to my Lord having some Moneys that belonged to the now Duke of Buckingham and seeing my Lord in so great distress did him the favour to lend him 200 l. which money my Lord since his return hath honestly and justly repai'd This relief came so seasonably that it got my Lord Credit in the City of Antwerp whereas otherwise he would have lost himself to his great disadvantage for my Lord having hired the house aforementioned and wanting Furniture for it was credited by the Citizens for as many Goods as he was pleased to have as also for Meat and Drink and all kind of necessaries and provisions which certainly was a special Blessing of God he being not onely a stranger in that Nation but to all appearance a Ruined man After my Lord had been in Antwerp sometime where he lived as retiredly as it was possible for him to do he gained much love and respect of all that knew or had any business with him At the beginning of our coming thither we found but few English except those that were Merchants but afterwards their number increased much especially of Persons of Quality and whereas at first there were no more but four Coaches that went the Tour viz. the Governors of the Castle my Lords and two more they amounted to the number of above a hundred before we went from thence for all those that had sufficient means and could go to the price kept Coaches and went the Tour for their own pleasure And certainly I cannot in duty and conscience but give this Publick Testimony to that place That whereas I have observ'd that most commonly such Towns or Cities where the Prince of that Country doth not reside himself or where there is no great resort of the chief Nobility and Gentry are but little civilised Certainly the Inhabitants of the said City of Antwerp are the civilest and best behaved People that ever I saw so that my Lord lived there with as much content as a man of his condition could do and his chief pastime and divertisement consisted in the Mannage of the two afore mentioned Horses which he had not enjoyed long but the Barbary-horse for which he paid 200 Pistols in Paris died and soon after the Horse which he had from the Lord Crofts and though he wanted present means to repair these his losses yet he endeavoured and obtained so much Credit at last that he was able to buy two others and by degrees so many as amounted in all to the number of 8. In which he took so much delight and pleasure that though he was then in distress for Money yet he would sooner have tried all other ways then parted with any of them for I have hear'd him say that good Horses are so rare as not to be valued for Mony and that He who would buy him out of his Pleasure meaning his Horses must pay dear for it For instance I shall mention some passages which happen'd when My Lord was in Antwerp First A stranger coming thither and seeing my Lords Horses had a great mind to buy one of them which my Lord loved above the rest and called him his Favourite a fine Spanish Horse intreating my Lords Escuyer to acquaint him with his desire and ask the price of the said Horse My Lord when he heard of it commanded his Servant that if the Chapman returned he should be brought before him which being done accordingly my Lord asked him whether he was resolved to buy his Spanish Horse Yes answered he my Lord and I 'le give your Lordship a good price for him I make no doubt of it replied My Lord or else you shall not have him But you must know said he that the price of that Horse is 1000 l. today tomorrow it will be 2000 l. next day 3000 l. and so forth By which the Chapman perceiving that my Lord was unwilling to part with the said Horse for any Money took his leave and so went his ways The next was That the Duke de Guise who was also a great lover of good Horses hearing much Commendation of a gray leaping Horse which my Lord then had told the Gentleman that praised and commended him That if my Lord was willing to sell the said Horse he would give 600 Pistols for him The Gentleman knowing my Lords humour answered again That he was confident my Lord would never part with him for any mony and to that
service 5. After Her Majesty had taken a resolution to go from York to Oxford where the King then was my Lord for Her safer conduct quitted 7000 men of his Army with a convenient Train of Artillery which likewise never returned to my Lord. 6. When the Earl of Montross was going into Scotland he went to my Lord at Durham and desired of him a supply of some Forces for His Majesties service where my Lord gave him 200 Horse and Dragoons even at such a time when he stood most in need of a supply himself and thought every day to encounter the Scottish Army 7. When my Lord out of the Northern parts went into Lincoln and Derby-shires with his Army to order and reduce them to their Allegiance and Duty to His Majesty and from thence resolved to march into the Associate Counties where in all porbability he would have made an happy end of the Warr he was so importuned by those he left behind him and particularly the Commander in Chief to return into York-shire alledging the Enemy grew strong and would ruine them all if he came not speedily to succour and assist them that in honour and duty he could do no otherwise but grant their Requests when as yet being returned into those parts he found them secure and safe enough from the Enemies Attempts 8. My Lord as heretofore mentioned had as great private Enemies about His Majesty as he had publick Enemies in the Field who used all the endeavour they could to pull him down 9. There was such Jugling Treachery and Falshood in his own Army and amongst some of his own Officers that it was impossible for my Lord to be prosperous and successful in his Designs and Undertakings 10. My Lord's Army being the chief and greatest Army which His Majesty had and in which consisted His prime Strength and Power the Parliament resolved at last to join all their Forces with the Army of the Scots which when it came out of Scotland was above Twenty thousand Men to oppose and if possible to ruine it well knowing that if they did pull down my Lord they should be Masters of all the Three Kingdoms so that there were Three Armies against One But although my Lord suffered much by the Negligence and sometimes Treachery of his Officers and was unfortunately called back into York-shire from his March he designed for the Associate Counties and was forced to part with a great number of his Forces and Ammunition as aforementioned yet he would hardly have been overcome and his Army ruined by the Enemy had he but had some timely supply and assistance at the Siege of York or that his Counsel had been taken in not fighting the Enemy then or that the Battel had been differ'd some two or three dayes longer until those Forces were arrived which he expected namely three thousand men out of Northumberland and Two thousand drawn out of several Garisons But the chief Misfortune was That the Enemy fell upon the Kings Forces before they were all put into a Battallia and took them at their great disadvantage which caused such a Panick fear amongst them that most of the Horse of the right Wing of His Majesty's Forces betook themselves to their heels insomuch that although the left Wing commanded by the Lord Goring and my Brother Sir Charles Lucas did their best endeavour and beat back the Enemy three times and My Lord 's own Regiment of Foot charged them so couragiously that they never broke but died most of them in their Ranks and Files yet the Power of the Enemy being too strong put them at last to a total rout and confusion Which unlucky disaster put an end to all future hopes of His Majesties Party so that my Lord seeing he had nothing left in his Power to do His Majesty any further service in that kind for had he stayed he would have been forced to surrender all those Towns and Garisons in those parts that were yet in His Majesties Devotion as afterwards it also happen'd resolved to quit the Kingdom as formerly is mentioned And these are chiefly the obstructions to the good success of my Lord's Designs in the late Civil Wars which being rightly considered will save him blameless from what otherwise would be laid to his charge for as according to the old saying 'T is easie for men to swim when they are held up by the chin So on the other side it is very dangerous and difficult for them to endeavour it when they are pulled down by the Heels and beaten upon their Heads 3. Of His Loyalty and Sufferings I dare boldly and justly say That there never was nor is a more Loyal and Faithful Subject then My Lord Not to mention the Trust he discharged in all those imployments which either King Iames or King Charles the First or His now Gracious Master King Charles the Second were pleased to bestow upon him which he performed with such care and fidelity that he never disobeyed their Commands in the least I will onely note 1. That he was the First that appear'd in Armes for His Majesty and engaged Himself and all his Friends he could for His Majesties Service and though he had but two Sons which were young and one onely Brother yet they all were with him in the Wars His two Sons had Commands but His Brother though he had no Command by reason of the weakness of his body yet he was never from My Lord when he was in action even to the last for he was the last with my Lord in the Field in that fatal Battel upon Hessom-moor near York and though my Brother Sir Charles Lucas desired my Lord to send his Sons away when the said Battel was fought yet he would not saying His Sons should shew their Loyalty and Duty to His Majesty in venturing their lives as well as Himself 2. My Lord was the chief and onely Person that kept up the Power of His late Majesty for when his Army was lost all the Kings Party was ruined in all three of his Majesties Kingdoms because in his Army lay the chief strength of all the Royal Forces it being the greatest and best formed Army which His Majesty had and the onely support both of his Majesties Person and Power and of the hopes of all his Loyal Subjects in all his Dominions 3. My Lord was 16 Years in Banishment and hath lost and suffered most of any subject that suffer'd either by War or otherways except those that lost their lives and even that he valued not but exposed it to so eminent dangers that nothing but Heavens Decree had ordained to save it 4. He never minded his own Interest more then his Loyaltie and Duty and upon that account never desired nor received any thing from the Crown to enrich himself but spent great sums in His Majesties Service so that after his long banishment and return into England I observed his ruined Estate was like an Earthquake and his
Majesty King CHARLEs the Second was pleased when my Lord was in banishment to make him Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter And 12. After his Return into England Chief Justice in Eyre Trent-North 13. He created him Duke of Newcastle and Earl of Ogle 7. Of the Entertainments He made for King CHARLES the First THough my Lord hath alwayes been free and noble in his Entertainments and Feastings yet he was pleased to shew his great Affection and Duty to his Gracious King Charles the First and Her Majesty the Queen in some particular Entertainments which he made of purpose for them before the late Warrs When His Majesty was going into Scotland to be Crowned he took His way through Nottinghamshire and lying at Worksop-Mannor hardly two miles distant from Welbeck where my Lord then was my Lord invited His Majesty thither to a Dinner which he was graciously pleased to accept of This Entertainment cost my Lord between Four and Five thousand pounds which His Majesty liked so well that a year after His Return out of Scotland He was pleased to send my Lord word That Her Majesty the Queen was resolved to make a Progress into the Northern parts desiring him to prepare the like Entertainment for Her as he had formerly done for Him Which My Lord did and endeavour'd for it with all possible Care and Indudustry sparing nothing that might add splendor to that Feast which both Their Majesties were pleased to honour with their Presence Ben Iohnson he employed in fitting such Scenes and Speeches as he could best devise and sent for all the Gentry of the Country to come and wait on their Majesties and in short did all that ever he could imagine to render it Great and worthy Their Royal Acceptance This Entertainment he made at Bolsover-Castle in Derbyshire some five miles distant from Welbeck and resigned Welbeck for Their Majesties Lodging it cost him in all between Fourteen and Fifteen thousand pounds Besides these two there was another small Entertainment which my Lord prepared for His late Majesty in his own Park at Welbeck when His Majesty came down with his two Nephews the now Prince Elector Palatine and His Brother Prince Rupert into the Forrest of Sherwood which cost him Fifteen hundred pounds And this I mention not out of a vain-glory but to declare the great love and Duty my Lord had for His Gracious King and Queen and to correct the mistakes committed by some Historians who not being rightly informed of those Entertainments make the World believe Falshood for Truth But as I said they were made before the Warrs when my Lord had the possessiou of a great Estate and wanted nothing to express his Love and Duty to his Soveraign in that manner whereas now he should be much to seek to do the like his Estate being so much ruined by the late Civil Wars that neither himself nor his Posterity will be able so soon to recover it 8. His Education HIs Education was according to his Birth for as he was born a Gentleman so he was bred like a Gentleman To School-Learning he never shew'd a great inclination for though he was sent to the University and was a Student of St. Iohn's Colledg in Cambridg and had his Tutors to instruct him yet they could not perswade him to read or study much he taking more delight in sports then in learning so that his Father being a wise man and seeing that his Son had a good natural Wit and was of a very good Disposition suffer'd him to follow his own Genius whereas his other Son Charles in whom he found a greater love and inclination to Learning he encouraged as much that way as possibly he could One time it hapned that a young Gentleman one of my Lord's Relations had bought some Land at the same time when my Lord had bought a Singing-Boy for 50 l. a Horse for 50 l. and a Dog for 2 l. which humour his Father Sir Charles liked so well that he was pleased to say That if he should find his Son to be so covetous that he would buy Land before he was 20 years of Age he would disinherit him But above all the rest my Lord had a great inclination to the Art of Horsemanship and Weapons in which later his Father Sir Charles being a most ingenuous and unparallell'd Master of that Age was his onely Tutor and kept him also several Masters in the Art of Horsemanship and sent him to the Mewse to Mons. Antoine who was then accounted the best Master in that Art But my Lord's delight in those Heroick Exercises was such that he soon became Master thereof Himself which encreased much his Father's hopes of his future perfections who being himself a person of a Noble and Heroick nature was extreamly well pleased to observe his Son take delight in such Arts and Exercises as were proper and fit for a person of Quality 9. His Natural Wit and Vnderstanding ALthough my Lord has not so much of Scholarship and Learning as his Brother Sir Charles Cavendish had yet he hath an excellent Natural Wit and Judgment and dives into the bottom of every thing as it is evidently apparent in the forementioned Art of Horsemanship and Weapons which by his own ingenuity he has reformed and brought to such perfection as never any one has done heretofore And though he is no Mathematician by Art yet he hath a very good Mathematical brain to demonstrate Truth by natural reason and is both a good Natural and Moral Philosopher not by reading Philosophical Books but by his own Natural Understanding and Observation by which he hath found out many Truths To pass by several other instances I 'le but mention that when my Lord was at Paris in his Exile it happen'd one time that he discoursing with some of his Friends amongst whom was also that Learned Philosopher Hobbes they began amongst the rest to argue upon this subject namely Whether it mere possible to make Man by Art fly as Birds do and when some of the Company had delivered their Opinion viz. That they thought it probable to be done by the help of Artificial Wings My Lord declared that he deemed it altogether impossible and demonstrared it by this following Reason Man's Armes said he are not set on his shoulders in the same manner as Bird's wings are for that part of the Arm which joins to the Shoulder is in Man placed inward as towards the breast but in Birds outward as toward the back which difference and contrary position or shape hinders that man cannot have the same flying-action with his Armes as Birds have with their Wings Which Argument Mr. Hobbes liked so well that he was pleased to make use of it in one of his Books called Leviathan if I remember well Some other time they falling into a Discourse concerning Witches Mr. Hobbes said That though he could not rationally believe there were Witches yet he could not be fully satisfied