Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	day_n	lord_n	time_n	5,344	5	4.0909	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64239	The history of gavel-kind with the etymology thereof : containing also an assertion that our English laws are for the most part those that were used by the antient Brytains, notwithstanding the several conquests of the Romans Saxons, Danes and Normans : with some observations and remarks upon many especial occurrences of British and English history / by Silas Taylor ; to which is added a short history of William the Conqueror written in Latin by an anonymous author in the time of Henry the first.	Taylor, Silas, 1624-1678.	1663 (1663)	Wing T553; ESTC R30161	142,021	250

ut_fw-la limit_n essent_fw-la infra_fw-la sterlinum_n fortha_n infra_fw-la britannodunum_fw-la glotta_n inter_fw-la dvos_fw-la amnes_fw-la vallum_fw-la severi_n angli_fw-la enim_fw-la &_o britones_o agros_fw-la relictos_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la partiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la glotta_n eye_v diriment_n the_o pict_n for_o some_o time_n after_o they_o have_v in_o vain_a from_o their_o assistant_n expect_v restauration_n and_o see_v themselves_o delude_v ad_fw-la cimbros_n &_o scandianos_n id_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la nunc_fw-la loquimur_fw-la in_fw-la daniam_fw-la &_o norvegiam_fw-la transmiserunt_fw-la this_o sea_n this_o severus_n say_v bedc_a à_fw-la caeteris_fw-la indomitis_fw-la gentibus_fw-la non_fw-la muro_fw-la ut_fw-la quidam_fw-la estimant●_n say_v vallot_v distinguendam_fw-la putavit_fw-la &_o hit_v begyrde_v &_o gefaestnade_v mid_a ●ice_n &_o mid_a eorþƿealle_n f●_n be_fw-mi sae_z to_o ƿae_fw-la that_o be_v and_o do_v gird_v it_o and_o firm_v it_o with_o a_o dike_n and_o with_o a_o earth-wall_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n v●llum_n severi_n be_v not_o that_o wall_n which_o reach_v from_o carlisle_n to_o tinmouth_n but_o that_o the_o vestigia_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v ab_fw-la abircorno_n per_fw-la glasgoensem_fw-la agrum_fw-la ad_fw-la cl●dae_fw-la fluvii_fw-la ostia_fw-la ubi_fw-la nunc_fw-la castrum_fw-la dunbritonum_fw-la situm_fw-la est_fw-la this_o wa●l_n be_v make_v of_o turf_n without_o it_o be_v at_o this_o time_n remain_v a_o small-building_n not_o very_a ruinous_n which_o the_o scot_n call_v dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr which_o some_o there_o say_v do_v signify_v the_o hill_n or_o memorial_n of_o peace_n about_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v above_o twenty_o tumuli_fw-la or_o allows_v dun_n indeed_o in_o our_o ancient_a language_n signify_v a_o hill_n by_o which_o name_n the_o inhabitant_n in_o and_o about_o dunkirk_n call_v the_o adjoin_a hill_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o town_n from_o its_o situation_n among_o those_o very_a hill_n take_v its_o denomination_n but_o that_o note_a remain_n be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o deus_fw-la terminus_n build_v by_o the_o roman_n at_o their_o non_fw-la plus_fw-la ultra_fw-la these_o be_v those_o part_n of_o scotland_n inhabit_v by_o the_o saxon_n and_o britain_n distinguish_v from_o the_o ancient_a scot_n now_o call_v high-lander_n from_o their_o site_n among_o the_o hill_n by_o the_o name_n of_o low-lander_n and_o saxon_n who_o settle_v at_o this_o time_n not_o only_o their_o language_n in_o these_o part_n but_o their_o custom_n also_o which_o by_o my_o small_a observation_n seem_v most_o of_o they_o to_o be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o use_n before_o the_o norman_n invade_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o island_n and_o no_o wonder_n if_o you_o find_v through_o several_a age_n among_o they_o a_o succession_n in_o the_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n since_o their_o militia_n do_v require_v it_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o continual_a broil_n these_o achievement_n with_o their_o custom_n they_o maintain_v under_o a_o diversity_n of_o king_n both_o scot_n and_o saxon_n for_o the_o revolution_n be_v very_o frequent_a and_o various_a yet_o such_o i_o say_v be_v the_o deduction_n to_o be_v make_v from_o this_o chapter_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n prove_v the_o tenure_n to_o be_v the_o ancient_a one_o of_o the_o original_a planter_n the_o find_n of_o it_o in_o these_o corner_n and_o angle_n in_o these_o remote_a island_n and_o in_o these_o privilege_a land_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o great_a argument_n that_o i_o can_v fancy_v or_o imagine_v before_o i_o conclude_v i_o shall_v speak_v a_o little_a to_o some_o other_o particular_n and_o first_o of_o chap._n xviii_o villeinage_n the_o meaning_n of_o it_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o of_o the_o ancient_a word_n clown_n pagan_a knave_n of_o surname_n of_o soc_n and_o sac._n mr._n s._n in_o his_o three_o proposition_n in_o his_o 61._o and_o 62._o page_n take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o term_n gavel-kind_n be_v of_o a_o saxon_a derivation_n and_o parentage_n six_v its_o entrance_n into_o our_o isle_n with_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o saxon_n concern_v which_o i_o have_v former_o discourse_v and_o therefore_o in_o this_o place_n shall_v pass_v it_o by_o only_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o deserve_o censure_n and_o confute_v such_o as_o have_v labour_v to_o fix_v its_o introduction_n among_o we_o by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n of_o which_o number_n mr._n selden_n have_v happen_v to_o be_v one_o as_o in_o his_o illustration_n upon_o mr._n draitons_n polyolbion_a who_o out_o of_o spot_n st._n augustine_n chronicler_n relate_v the_o story_n of_o the_o kentish-man_n with_o their_o green_a bough_n treat_v with_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n with_o which_o story_n many_o person_n have_v be_v well_o please_v and_o yet_o by_o what_o i_o understand_v of_o it_o it_o show_v rather_o a_o procurement_n of_o a_o confirmation_n of_o this_o custom_n among_o the_o rest_n than_o a_o creation_n thereof_o at_o that_o time_n but_o he_o have_v sufficient_o evict_v the_o improbability_n of_o that_o story_n pass_v in_o his_o 72._o and_o 73._o page_n to_o show_v spot_n mistake_v in_o aver_v there_o be_v no_o villain_n in_o kent_n which_o he_o confute_v by_o a_o citation_n of_o a_o ancient_a m_n s_o chartulary_a in_o sir_n thomas_n cotton_v library_n and_o by_o certain_a observation_n out_o of_o the_o kentish_a survey_n in_o domesdey_n the_o same_o mistake_n be_v late_o among_o many_o other_o general_o receive_v as_o that_o villeinage_n be_v the_o badge_n of_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o this_o i_o can_v affirm_v from_o my_o own_o read_n that_o the_o name_n carry_v with_o it_o no_o such_o odium_n and_o reproach_n in_o elder_a time_n as_o it_o have_v do_v in_o late_a day_n for_o what_o be_v villanus_fw-la more_o than_o a_o villager_n to_o such_o or_o such_o a_o lord_n what_o their_o villeinage_n but_o their_o duty_n and_o ustom-service_n belong_v to_o a_o village_n for_o the_o lord_n use_n so_o that_o the_o intrinsical_a yalow_a of_o the_o word_n villain_n be_v only_o one_o that_o inhabit_v or_o live_v in_o a_o village_n the_o like_a be_v of_o colonus_n a_o clown_n which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o that_o till_v then_o land_n so_o also_o of_o paganus_fw-la call_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n inae_fw-la tongue_n 18._o leg._n regis_fw-la inae_fw-la 〈…〉_o from_o whence_o come_v their_o ceo●●ep_n now_o call_v churl_n which_o be_v not_o much_o different_a in_o denomination_n from_o villanus_fw-la and_o be_v one_o that_o dwell_v in_o a_o village_n and_o not_o as_o we_o take_v pagan_a common_o to_o signify_v one_o that_o be_v of_o a_o ethnical_a religion_n but_o to_o discouse_n of_o they_o in_o order_n as_o they_o lie_v before_o we_o villain_n be_v a_o villager_n of_o who_o minshew_n upon_o the_o word_n say_v galli_n suos_fw-la rusticos_fw-la &_o villicos_fw-la propriè_fw-la dicunt_fw-la villain_n villanus_fw-la in_o vit_fw-la budaeus_fw-la dicitur_fw-la quod_fw-la villae_fw-la adscriptus_fw-la &_o colonoriae_fw-la condition_v aut_fw-la ipse_fw-la addictus_fw-la aut_fw-la majores_fw-la svi_fw-la fuerint_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la nomen_fw-la loquentium_fw-la inscitia_fw-la in_fw-la contumeliam_fw-la jam_fw-la vertit_fw-la but_o mr._n s._n out_o of_o the_o mirroir_n speak_v they_o thus_o cultivers_n the_o fief_a demorant_n en_fw-fr village_n uplande_n car_fw-fr de_fw-fr will_v est_fw-la dit_fw-fr villain_fw-fr but_o as_o i_o say_v in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o every_o leaf_n in_o domesd_v y-book_n not_o only_o a_o account_n of_o what_o villain_n be_v in_o each_o manor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o that_o survey_n but_o also_o how_o many_o there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o as_o mr._n s._n have_v observe_v there_o be_v a_o name_n or_o two_o find_v in_o that_o record_n that_o have_v much_o more_o of_o servility_n than_o villeinage_n carry_v with_o it_o one_o of_o which_o be_v there_o term_v servi_n and_o be_v more_o immediate_o dependent_a upon_o the_o lord_n will_n than_o the_o villani_n be_v which_o be_v those_o nief_n or_o neif_n they_o have_v in_o ancient_a time_n which_o be_v bondman_n or_o little_o better_a than_o slave_n mr._n s._n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n or_o term_n villanus_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n for_o in_o his_o 126_o page_n he_o say_v as_o afore-time_o the_o saxon_n have_v their_o ceorle_n gebures_n polcmen_n etc._n etc._n so_o afterward_o the_o norman_n their_o villani_n bordmanni_n cotarii_fw-la etc._n etc._n certain_o these_o three_o name_n the_o norman_n find_v here_o first_o for_o the_o bordmanni_n if_o that_o name_n as_o well_o as_o cotarii_fw-la be_v not_o saxon_n i_o know_v not_o what_o be_v for_o the_o bordmanni_n be_v such_o as_o live_v upon_o the_o bordland_n which_o be_v according_a to_o bracton_n 5._o bracton_n bract._n lib._n 4._o tract_n 3._o cap._n 9_o num_fw-la 5._o the_o demesne_n that_o lord_n keep_v in_o their_o hand_n to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o

perquisitum_fw-la legare_fw-la cuicunque_fw-la voluerit_fw-la tenementum_fw-la etc._n etc._n tenementum_fw-la illud_fw-la leg_n atum_fw-la fuit_fw-la breed_fw-mi glodithe_n unde_fw-la dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o breed_fw-mi to_o this_o jurati_fw-la dicunt_fw-la super_fw-la sacram._n suum_fw-la quod_fw-la predicta_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sunt_fw-la legabilia_fw-la &_o quoth_v predict_v philippus_n tenementa_fw-la illa_fw-la legavit_fw-la predicte_n glodithe_n &_o quod_fw-la breve_fw-la istud_fw-la non_fw-la currit_fw-la infra_fw-la hundred_o predict_v ideo_fw-la glodithe_n concessum_fw-la est_fw-la inde_fw-la sine_fw-la die_fw-la they_o have_v a_o formal_a way_n of_o judgement_n of_o their_o own_o much_o after_o the_o british_a fashion_n the_o steward_n with_o his_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o court_n be_v seat_v there_o be_v certain_a chief_n among_o they_o who_o house_n and_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o suit_n and_o doom_n in_o the_o court_n of_o that_o liberty_n and_o hereupon_o be_v call_v doomes-man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v man_n of_o judgement_n or_o such_o who_o judge_n of_o matter_n in_o controversy_n ibidem_fw-la rot._n quo_fw-la war._n ibidem_fw-la therefore_o in_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la roll_n of_o irchenfield_n in_o the_o 20_o edward_n 1._o it_o be_v record_v that_o jurati_fw-la hund._n de_fw-fr irchenefeud_n webbetre_n &_o greytr_n dicunt_fw-la quod_fw-la botholin_n qui_fw-la tenuit_fw-la villam_fw-la de_fw-la comboglin_n solebat_fw-la facere_fw-la sectam_fw-la ad_fw-la hundr_n predict_v &_o esse_fw-la unus_fw-la domesman_n de_fw-la eodem_fw-la hundr_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o other_o collection_n of_o antiquity_n that_o i_o have_v transcribe_v there_o be_v one_o record_n that_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la libertate_fw-la de_fw-fr domesman_n but_o because_o my_o intention_n be_v to_o be_v more_o large_a upon_o this_o theme_n in_o a_o tract_n more_o proper_a i_o shall_v wave_v it_o at_o this_o present_a only_o among_o other_o duty_n reckon_v up_o in_o domesdey_n this_o be_v one_o that_o i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o carry_v the_o king_n message_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o pray_v for_o he_o in_o three_o church_n every_o week_n and_o in_o another_o record_n which_o be_v instar_fw-la omnium_fw-la and_o by_o it_o they_o as_o it_o be_v be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o liberty_n and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v extra_fw-la comitatum_fw-la not_o bind_v up_o to_o any_o strictness_n by_o the_o country_n law_n which_o how_o far_o transcend_v the_o kentish_a privilege_n i_o leave_v to_o any_o to_o judge_v now_o if_o dower_n of_o the_o moiety_n and_o not_o to_o forfeit_v land_n for_o felony_n be_v the_o great_a privilege_n kent_n have_v by_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n then_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o other_o place_n where_o the_o use_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v not_o at_o this_o present_a far_o great_a as_o in_o some_o special_a privilege_a hundred_o and_o precinct_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o discourse_n of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v beside_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n to_o engage_v i_o proceed_v to_o the_o discourse_n of_o chap._n ix_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n not_o relate_v to_o the_o tenure_n answer_v as_o urge_v by_o mr._n s._n how_o that_o gavel_n be_v understand_v by_o our_o late_a lawyer_n how_o in_o domesdey_n by_o compare_v place_n together_o and_o how_o among_o the_o saxon_n a_o discourse_n upon_o the_o writ_n call_v gavelet_n mr._n s._n in_o his_o ten_o page_n write_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n as_o to_o the_o main_a part_n of_o it_o frequent_o occurr_n in_o the_o old_a record_n of_o some_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n sometime_o simple_o but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o composition_n for_o example_n in_o gavel-erth_a gavelate_v gavellond_n etc._n etc._n i_o make_v not_o a_o citation_n of_o these_o word_n as_o if_o i_o intend_v to_o put_v a_o force_n upon_o they_o as_o some_o at_o the_o first_o read_v may_v imagine_v because_o mr._n s._n averr_v that_o the_o word_n gavel_n do_v occur_v in_o some_o old_a record_n of_o manor_n out_o of_o kent_n which_o i_o take_v not_o as_o there_o mention_v in_o composition_n to_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n for_o that_o which_o be_v apply_v in_o those_o composition_n for_o several_a use_n as_o in_o for-gavel_a mete-gavel_a gavel-rip_a swine-gavel_a werk-gavel_a hunig-gavel_a etc._n etc._n be_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n several_a such_o i_o have_v meet_v withal_o and_o divers_a different_a from_o what_o mr._n s._n have_v reckon_v i_o have_v encounter_v with_o a_o pride-gavel_a which_o in_o the_o lordship_n of_o rede_o in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n be_v use_v and_o pay_v unto_o this_o day_n as_o a_o rent_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n by_o certain_a tenant_n in_o duty_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o he_o for_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o fish_v in_o the_o river_n severn_n for_o lampraye_n and_o in_o the_o same_o lordship_n be_v also_o another_o call_v sand-gavel_a which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o payment_n due_a to_o the_o lord_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o the_o tenant_n to_o digg_n up_o sand_n for_o their_o use_n many_o such_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v furnish_v withal_o do_v i_o conceive_v they_o will_v redound_v in_o any_o measure_n to_o our_o discourse_n for_o my_o judgement_n be_v that_o this_o gavel_n in_o these_o composition_n and_o gavel_n in_o the_o tenure_n be_v very_o different_a in_o their_o acceptation_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o to_o examine_v mr._n s_n collection_n and_o observation_n concern_v these_o compound_a gavel_n where_o in_o his_o paragraph_n of_o oate-gavel_a in_o pag._n 21._o he_o declare_v this_o be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n of_o rent-oate_n serve_v into_o the_o lord_n sometime_o in_o kind_a and_o other_o while_n by_o composition_n redeem_v with_o money_n and_o out_o of_o south-malling_n custumal_a urge_v this_o quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la operarii_fw-la debent_fw-la reddere_fw-la annuatim_fw-la quod_fw-la dicitur_fw-la gavel-otte_a in_o xl_o m2_o i._n e._n in_o quadragesima_fw-la and_o in_o another_o account_n roll_n of_o the_o same_o manor_n it_o be_v say_v concern_v a_o certain_a tenant_n that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o again_o de_fw-fr avena_n de_fw-mi gablo_fw-mi vendita_fw-la iiis._n and_o xs._n vid._n de_fw-fr quinque_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la venditis_fw-la this_o charge_n of_o ten_o shilling_n six_o penny_n upon_o five_o quarter_n etc._n etc._n sell_v the_o gavel-ote_a de_fw-fr redditu_fw-la i_o guess_v it_o to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o imposition_n a_o excise_n or_o a_o assess_v which_o be_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la and_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o corn_n sell_v by_o the_o tenant_n when_o for_o rent_n they_o shall_v have_v pay_v oat_n in_o kind_n which_o receive_v a_o little_a explanation_n by_o the_o precedent_a account_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o respondet_fw-la de_fw-la octo_fw-la quarteriis_fw-la etc._n etc._n receptis_fw-la de_fw-la gabulo_n custumariorum_fw-la and_o again_o iiis._n de_fw-fr gablo_fw-mi de_fw-fr avena_n vendita_fw-la the_o excise_n or_o assess_v upon_o the_o customary_a tenant_n for_o viij_o quarter_n sell_v and_o the_o iiis._n to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n that_o be_v a_o imposition_n or_o excise_n for_o oat_n sell_v certain_o gablum_fw-la or_o gabulum_fw-la be_v not_o a_o word_n so_o much_o out_o of_o use_n that_o we_o have_v need_v to_o grope_v or_o be_v force_v to_o search_v after_o it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o dark_a for_o even_o in_o these_o our_o day_n with_o ease_n we_o may_v produce_v the_o use_n of_o it_o bear_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o i_o have_v now_o give_v to_o it_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o sense_n do_v i_o find_v it_o use_v in_o that_o prodigious_a insurrection_n at_o naples_n within_o these_o few_o year_n under_o massaniello_n a_o fisherman_n where_o the_o story_n translate_v in_o this_o point_n i_o may_v say_v literatim_fw-la give_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o to_o be_v a_o certain_a payment_n or_o excise_n upon_o fish_n which_o the_o italian_n call_v gabelli_n and_o we_o have_v transmit_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o translation_n gabell_n know_v in_o spain_n by_o the_o term_n 78._o term_n martinus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o ●inerarium_fw-la hispaniae_fw-la out_o of_o mariana_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 9_o and_o lib._n 17_o cap._n 8._o et_fw-la hugo_n linschoten_n say_v anno_fw-la 1341._o introductum_fw-la est_fw-la vectigal_a h●s●ans_n i._n e._n alcavala_n &_o italis_n gabella_n dictum_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquoties_fw-la postea_fw-la auctum_fw-la suis_fw-la ejus_fw-la vi_fw-la coguntur_fw-la subditi_fw-la decimas_fw-la pendere_fw-la quotiescu●que_fw-la merces_fw-la bona_fw-la praedia_fw-la aedes_fw-la &_o agei_n ven●untur_fw-la eidem_n obnorii_fw-la sunt_fw-la cujuscunque_fw-la generis_fw-la op●●ices_fw-la ut_fw-la sutores_fw-la sartores_fw-la lanii_fw-la &_o quicuaq●e_fw-la