Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	day_n	law_n	sabbath_n	1,963	5	9.4513	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33236	A brief view and survey of the dangerous and pernicious errors to church and state, in Mr. Hobbes's book, entitled Leviathan by Edward Earl of Clarendon.	Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1609-1674.	1676 (1676)	Wing C4421; ESTC R12286	180,866	332

swallow his choicest Doctrine at one morsel and is in truth a sly address to Cromwell that being then out of the Kingdom and so being neither conquered nor his Subject he might by his return submit to his Government and be bound to obey it which being uncompelled by any necessity or want but having as much to sustain him abroad as he had to live upon at home could not proceed from a sincere heart and uncorrupted This Review and Conclusion he made short enough to hope the Cromwell himself might read it where he should not only receive the pawn of his new Subjects Allegiance by his declaring his own obligation and obedience but by publishing such Doctrine as being diligently infused by such a Master in the mystery of Government might secure the People of the Kingdom over whom he had no right to command to acquiesce and submit to his Brutal Power And in order to that he takes upon him very positively to declare which no man had ever presumed to do before the precise time when Subjects become obliged to submit to the Conqueror and saies pag. 390. that time is as to an ordinary Subject when the means of his life is within the guards and garrisons of the enemy and for him who hath nearer obligations he hath liberty to submit to his new Master when his old one can give him protection no longer And he is very careful that it may be the more taken notice of to insert in another Letter his Maxime pag. 390. that every man is bound by nature as much as in him lies to protect in War the autority by which he is himself protected in time of Peace All which he saies appears by consequence from those Laws which he hath mentioned throughout his Book pag. 390. yet that the times require to have it inculcated and remembred which shall not oblige me to recapitulate what hath bin said before upon the Propositions And he is so fearful that Cromwell was not solicitous enough for his own security that he tells him in his Review which he had not before said in his Book pag. 392. that Conquerors must require not only a submission of mens actions to them for the future but also an approbation of all their actions past Which advice he followed as far as he could till he found it too unreasonable to impose even upon those who had concurred with him in most of the mischief that he had don And least he should be too scrupulous and modest in using the power he had and too apt to be amused with reproches he saies pag. 392. the toleration of a professed hatred of Tyranny is a toleration of hatred to Commonwealth in general to the extravagancy of which Assertion enough hath bin said before These are the choice Flowers he hath bound up together in his Review least the odor of them might lose some of its fragrancy in the bigness of the Book And having with great tenderness provided that no man should think it lawful to kill him and insinuated as much and with as much virulency as he could a prejudice to the Roial party he gives his own testimony of his whole Doctrine and saies pag. 394. the Principles of it are true and proper and the ratiocination solid and therefore concludes that it might be profitably printed and more profitably taught in the Vniversities c. and other Licence then his own it never had to be printed But Mr. Hobbes knows well that a mans testimony in his own behalf is not valid and if mine could carry any autority with it I would make no scruple to declare that I never read any Book that contains in it so much Sedition Treason and Impiety as this Leviathan and therefore that it is very unfit to be read taught or sold as dissolving all the ligaments of Government and undermining all principles of Religion I do not with that the Author should be ordered to recant because he would be too ready to do it upon his declared Salvo nor do I wish he should undergo any other punishment then by knowing that his Book is condemned by the Soveraign Autority to be publickly burn'd which by his own judgment will restrain him from publishing his pernicious Doctrine in his Discourses which have don more mischief then his Book And I would be very willing to preserve the just testimony which he gives to the memory of Sidny Godolphin who deserved all the Eulogy that he gives him and whose untimely loss in the beginning of the War was too lively an instance of the inequality of the contention when such inestimable Treasure was ventur'd against dirty people of no name and whose irreparable loss was lamented by all men living who pretended to Virtue how much divided soever in the prosecution of that quarrel But I find my self temted to add that of all men living there were no two more unlike then Mr. Godo●phin and Mr. Hobbes in the modesty of nature or integrity of manners and therefore it will be too reasonably suspected that the freshness of the Legacy rather put him in mind of that Noble Gentleman to mention him in the fag-end of his Book very unproperly and in a huddle of many unjustifiable and wicked particulars when he had more seasonable occasion to have remembred him in many parts of his Book However I cannot forbear to put him in mind that I gave him for an expiation of my own defects and any trespasses which I may have since committed against him the Friendship of that great Person and first informed him of that Legacy which had not otherwise bin paid before the printing his Review And for my own part I shall conclude as I begun with the profession of so much esteem of his parts and reverence for his very vigorous age which in and for it self is venerable that in order to his conversion to be a good Subject and a good Christian I could be well content that as he seems to wish in his Commentary upon the Fourth Commandment pag. 178. as the Iews had every seventh day in which the Law was read and expounded so he thinks it necessary that some such times be determined wherein the people may assemble together and after Praiers and Praises given to God the Soveraign of Soveraigns hear those their duties told them which are prescribed in this his Leviathan and the positive Laws such as generally concern them all read and expounded and be put in mind of the autority that maketh them Laws so I say I should not be displeased if himself were allowed to make choice of his own Sabbaths to read his Lectures in both Universities and if he desired it afterwards in the City upon those Theses which for his ease are faithfully collected in this answer out of his Book And if this exercise doth not cure him I could wish that the same application and remedy might be tried by which the Emperor Alexander Severus cured the censoriousness and ambition of Ovinius Camillus who was as old and loved his ease as well as Mr. Hobbes yet being not satisfied with the present conduct of affairs and from thence became very popular he had a purpose to make himself Emperor Of which Severus being inform'd and having receiv'd and examin'd the full truth of it he sent for him and gave him thanks as Aelius Spartianus tells us Quod curam Reipub. quae recusantibus bonis imponeretur sponte reciperet and thereupon took him full of fear and terrified with the Conscience of his own guilt with him to the Senate participem Imperii appellavit in Palatium recepit Ornament is Imperialibus melioribus quam ipse utebatur affecit Afterwards when there was occasion of an Expedition against the Barbarians he offered him vel ipsum si vellet ire vel ut secum proficisceretur which he chusing and Severus himself walking still on foot with his Colleague who had accompanied him for many daies with intolerable fatigue the Emperor caused a horse to be brought to him upon which having rode some daies as much tired as before carpento imposuit The conclusion was he was so weary and ready to die under the command that abdicavit Imperium and Severus after he had commended him to the Soldiers tutum ad villas suas ire praecepit in quibus diu vixit I should be very glad that Mr. Hobbes might have a place in Parliament and sit in Counsel and be present in Courts of Justice and other Tribunals whereby it is probable he would find that his solitary cogitation how deep soever and his too peremtory adhering to some Philosophical Notions and even Rules of Geometry had misled him in the investigation of Policy and would rather retire to his quiet quarter in the Peak without envy of those whom he left in emploiment then keep them longer company in so toilsom uneasie and ungrateful Transactions And possibly this might and I doubt only could prevail upon him to make such recollection and acknowledgment of all the falshood profaneness impiety and blasphemy in his Book as may remove all those rubs and disturbances which he may justly apprehend as well in the way to his last Journy as at the end of it if he be not terrified with that disinal Pronunciation If we sin willfully after that we have received the knowledg of the truth there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins but a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation which shall devour the adversaries FINIS

excuses and extenuation for sins but now having occasion better to consider that Commandment of which he stood in need he finds that the very intention to do an unjust act tho hinder'd is injustice which consisteth in the pravity of the Will as well as in the irregularity of the act as if in the former case all that delight in the imagination of being possessed of another mans Wife or the pleasure one has in thinking of the death of a man he doth not love could be without any pravity of the Will 'T is true a purpose and intendment may be more criminal then mere complacency but we know more or less do not change the Species of things And for the best way of inculcating all his useful Doctrines and setting aside certain daies to infuse which upon so good an occasion will not offend his severe ear the same into the hearts of the People which he conceives to be a duty enjoin'd by the fourth Commandment I shall defer my opinion till the end of the next Chapter when upon the view of all his Doctrines by retail we may better consult upon the method of spreading them abroad In the mean time he must not take it ill that I observe his extreme malignity to the Nobility by whose bread he hath bin alwaies sustain'd who must not expect any part at least any precedence in his Institution that in this his deep meditation upon the ten Commandments and in a conjuncture when the Levellers were at highest and the reduction of all degrees to one and the same was resolv'd upon and begun and exercis'd towards the whole Nobility with all the instances of contemt and scorn he chose to publish his judgment as if the safety of the People requir'd an equality of Person and that pag. 180. the honor of great Persons is to be valued for their beneficence and the aids they give to men of inferior rank or not at all and that the consequence of partiality towards the great raised hatred and an endeavor in the People to pull down all oppressing and contumelious greatness language lent to or borrowed from the Agitators of that time He seems to think the making of good Laws to be incumbent on the Soveraign as his duty and of much importance to his Government but he saies then pag. 181. that by a good Law he doth not mean a just Law for that no Law can be unjust because it is made by the Soveraign P●wer And in truth if the use of Laws is not to restrain men from doing amiss and to instruct and dispose them to do well and to secure them when they do so they are of no use at all and it is no matter if there be any Laws or no. For to make use of his own illustration pag. 182. Hedges are set to stop Travellers and to keep them in the way that is allow'd and prescrib'd and for hindering them to chuse a way for themselves tho a better and nearer way and Laws are made to guide and govern and punish men who presume to decline that rule and to chuse another to walk by that is more agreeable to their own appetite or convenience He renews his trouble to find fit Counsellors for his Soveraign which he hath so much consider'd before and finds the office to be as hard as the Etymology of which let the Grammarians and he agree and saies plainly pag. 184. that the Politics is a harder study then the study of Geometry and probably he believes that he can set down as firm Rules in the one as there are in the other pag. 184. Good counsel he saies comes not by lot or inheritance and therefore there is no more reason to expect good advice from the rich or the noble in the matters of state then in delineating the dimensions of a Fortress and is very solicitous like a faithful Leveller that no man may have priviledges of that kind by his birth or descent or have farther honor then adhereth naturally to his abilities whereas in all well instituted Governments as well among the Ancient as the Modern the Heirs and Descendants from worthy and eminent Parents if they do not degenerate from their vertue have bin alwaies allow'd a preference and kind of title to emploiments and offices of honor and trust which he thinks pag. 184. inconsistent with the Soveraign power tho they must be confer'd by him and the Pedegree of those pretences from the Germans is one of those dreams which he falls into when he invades the quarters of History to make good his assertions Lastly since he reckons the sending out Colonies and erecting Plantations the encouraging all manner of Arts as Navigation Agriculture Fishing and all manner of Manufactures to be of the Policy and Office of a Soveraign it will not be in his power to deny that his Soveraign is obliged to perform all those promises and to make good all those concessions and priviledges which he hath made and granted to those who have bin thereby induc'd to expose their Fortunes and their Industry to those Adventures as hath bin formerly enlarg'd upon in the case of Merchants and Corporations and which is directly contrary to his Conclusions and Determinations And I cannot but here observe the great vigilance and caution which Mr. Hobbes who hath an excellent faculty of employing very soft words for the bringing the most hard and cruel things to pass uses out of his abstracted love of Justice towards the regulating and well ordering his poor and strong people whom he transplants into other Countries for the ease of his own whom he will by no means suffer to exterminate those they find there but only to constrain them to inhabit closer together and not to range a great deal of ground that is in more significant words which the tenderness of his nature would not give him leave to ●tter to take from them the abundance they pos●●ss and reduce them to such an assignation that they may be compell'd if they will not be perswaded pag. 181. to court each little plot with art and labor to give them their sustenance in d●e season And if all this good H●sbandry will not serve the turn but that they are still over-charg'd with Inhabitants he hath out of his deep meditation prescrib'd them a sure remedy for that too pag. 181. War which he saies will provid● for every man by victory or death that is they must cut the throats of all men who are troublesom to them which without doubt must be the natural and final period of all his Prescriptions in Policy and Government The Survey of Chapter 31. AFTER he hath form'd such a Kingdom for man as is agreeable to his good will and pleasure he concludes this second part of his Discourse by assigning the one and thirtieth Chapter to the consideration of the Kingdom of God by nature concerning which he enlargeth himself with less reservation in the third part of his Discourse