Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	commandment_n	law_n	moral_a	2,159	5	9.3779	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A76316	An examination of the chief points of Antinomianism, collected out of some lectures lately preached in the church of Antholines parish, London: and now drawn together into a body, and published for the benefit of all that love the holy truth of God, / by Thomas Bedford B. D. Vnto which is annexed, an examination of a pamphlet lately published, intituled The compassionate Samaritan, handling the power of the magistrate in the compulsion of conscience: by the same author.	Bedford, Thomas, d. 1653.	1647 (1647)	Wing B1668; Thomason E370_15; ESTC R201292	67,960	90

Scripture of the Old Testament and New by the Law and Testimony And by it they know that they are not misguided because if any of them that peep and matter that pretend Visions and Revelations speak not according to this Word it is because there is no Light in them These men though they do not plainly speak out their meaning yet would have us to understand them that the Spirit did by Enthusiasms and Revelations move them and guide them so infallibly that they need not the Scripture nor the instruction of the Ministry which what is it else but to revive and call up again that abomination of the Familists long since condemned to Hell the place of its just desert Just I say for take away the written Word of God and then every fancy of a dreaming Elder and doting Sister shall be the Rule of mens godly conversations Object A Law may be acknowledged and a written Law and yet not the Law of Moses not the Moral Law What then why the Law of Christ not the old but the new Commandment the precepts taught by Christ and his Apostles Well but the question is Whether that the subject matter of this new Commandment and of the old be not in both the same viz. Teaching us to deny ungodliness and worldly lusts to live righteously godly and soberly in this present world If so Then why should it not be indifferent to alleage the precepts of Moses and the Prophets to prove and press a duty of holiness as the precept of Christ and his Apostles ex gr. If we be agreed that it is the duty of a justified person to honor his Father and Mother what need we jangle about words and quarel about quotations whether we press it out of Exod. 20. or from Eph. 6. since both Texts do preach and press the same duty Is it not the same God who spake to the Fathers by the Prophets and to their Children by Christ and his Apostles Nay more do we not see it that those Precepts of holiness which by our blessed Saviour and his Apostles are taught in the New Testament are taken out of Moses and the Prophets yea and pressed upon the Conscience by this reason Because it is the Law and the Prophets What can be more plain then that Text of our Savior Mat. 7. 12. Whatsoever ye would that men should do unto you do ye so unto them for this is the Law and the Prophets So Saint Peter Be ye holy in all maner of conversation for it is written Be ye holy for I am holy 1 Pet. 1. 16. mark that Because it is written By it you see that the Apostle presseth a duty by a Text of Scripture fetcht from the Law So Saint Paul Eph. 6. 1 2. presseth the duty of obedience upon Children and proveth it to be right by citing the 5. Commandment of the Moral Law What will these men say to that Text of Saint James Jam. 2. 8. If ye fulfil the Royal Law ye shall do well But if ye have respect of persons ye commit sin and are convinced of the Law as Transgressors What convinced as Transgressors and yet not bound to obedience Is there any Transgression where no obligation to obedience And is the Moral Law notwithstanding all this abolished Hath it none Office in the time of the Gospel Are we false Teachers who in imitation of Christ and his Apostles do call men to the practise of these holy duties which we finde contained in the Law No we teach the truth of God and in the right way of God Except it be that Christ and his Apostles were ignorant of the way or except these men have received a new Gospel and another dispensation of the grace of God hitherto unknown and unrevealed CHAP. II. Touching the Motives of the Law whether these also be abolished So that to propose the expectation of reward as an invitation to good works and to deter men from sin by the fear of punishment be altogether inconsistent with the Doctrine of Grace NOt only the precepts of the Law are bequarrelled by those men but also the Arguments of perswasion In doing good-works and living a godly and holy life we must not at all look to any Reward from God But must do good works meerly in reference to Gods Glory and the good of others Otherwise our service will be meerly mercenary Grant indeed that we must do good works for these ends Grant also That in the obtaining of these ends there is a full Satisfaction to a Godly and a Gracious Heart And yet why may we not encourage our selves to cheerfulness in our Obedience by having an eye to the Recompence of Reward which God hath gromised Doth not the Scripture propound a Reward for our encouragement And why doth the Scripture propound it but that we should believe it and by believing be put forward to work cheerfully Is it not set down as an act of Moses Faith and a point of his praise That he had an eye to the Recompence of Reward Heb. 11. 25. Doth not the same Apostle shew this That our blessed Saviour by the Joy that was set before Him did stir up himself to go on cheerfully to the end of his undertakings Heb. 12. 2. Nay is not this in part acknowledged by Dr. Crisp he having set down this for a Doctrine That the laying of sin upon Christ is the Lords own Act giveth this reason for it Because none else could give to Christ a proportionable reward And Christ had an eye to some good consideration and for the proof of this he citeth Heb. 12. 2. And God saith he to put him on propoundeth rewards unto him c. Now then if thus it was with Christ why may it not be lawful for the Christian to help his weakness by having an eye to the recompence of reward Will they say that this sevice is mercenary So they do indeed but without any just reason mercenary service is commonly measured by carthly profits and preferments when a man so looketh at them that where there is no hope of such a reward he doth let fall the duty to which he is called Self-seeking is then unlawful and sinful when Self is the ultimate end of our desire But he that in feeking the good of his body and soul serveth Christ i. e. so desireth his own good that he may serve Christ is acceptable to God and approved of man This being so Why are we blamed for pressing men to holiness and encouraging them in it by putting them in minde of that reward which is provided These men flye out upon such exhortations This is not to preach Free-grace this is to bring in Popery and to teach men to hang their Salvation upon their merits to expect their reward for their Works sake No such matter it is not Popery to preach the expectation of a reward upon the conscionable performance of duties enjoyned If it be surely Christ and his

Doctrine of Good and Evil of Good and so the Rule of an holy life of Evil and so the revealer of Sin and Transgression This was the substance of that which we call the Moral Law The Circumstance of it was That it was made the condition of a Covenant for Life and Salvation and so required of all them that were under the Covenant and expected life and salvation by it of them I say it required complete and perfect obedience otherwise no hope to obtain their expectation Nay more it exacted this obedience under a Curse so that in case of disobedience not only shall they fail of Life but come under the condemnation of Death and this was that that proved the ruine of man In the constitution of the Church of Israel the Ceremonial Law was added This set down that Form of Worship and Service of God in the right observation whereof they might finde both Expiation of their Offences and Acceptation of their Obedience This consisted in many Rites and Ceremonies Sacrifices and Ordinances all limited to the observation of Times when of Places where and of Persons by whom these were to be performed ex gr. No Sacrifice might be offered but upon one Altar Nor by any person but by one of the Family of Aaron No Circumcision but upon the Eighth day Nor Passover eaten but on the Fourteenth of the first or second Moneth and this no where but at Jerusalem Three times a year must every Male appear before the Lord and every Woman at her Purification make a journey thither so that this became a yoke of Bondage to the Church of Israel especially in the latter Age thereof when they of that Nation were scattered among the Heathen and lived in places far remote from the Temple of Jerusalem This then is the yoke of Moses Law No hope to escape the Curse of the Moral Law but by those expiations prescribed in the Ceremonial Law No hope of acceptance in what they endeavored in the way of Obedience except they attend upon and seek it in those services appointed No nor those services accepted but in a most exact observation of all the circumstances which the Law set down From this yoke it is which Christ by his death hath freed the Christian And in this liberty it is that St. Paul would have have them stand fast that they be not entangled again in that former yoke of Bondage So then the Ceremonies of Moses Law are quite taken away by Christ the Sacrifice of whose Death is become the only expiation for all Transgressions and the only way and mean of Acceptation in the performance of all duties whatsoever Yea the Moral part of Moses Law is taken away in respect of the circumstance thereof it is no more the condition of the Covenant for Life and Death Not of life and so Justification may be had without it Not of death and so no fear of Condemnation by it provided alway that by Faith men lay hold upon Christ keep close to him and walk according to those Rules of Holiness that he hath prescribed for in so doing we obtain what the Law promised Life and Salvation By him we escape what the Law threatned Death and Condemnation So then though the Law be taken away in respect of this Circumstantial use thereof as a condition yet not in respect of that Substantial consideration viz. as the Doctrine and Direction of Good and Evil Nay in this respect it is reassumed and re-established by Christ In the former consideration of it it is that the Apostle saith Romans 10. 4. That Christ is the end of the Law i. e. he hath done that for man which the Law would but could not The Law would bring man to life and salvation This is the primary end and intention of it but the Law could not in respect of mans weakness Rom. 8. 3. This Christ hath done and so is become the end of the Law for Righteousness and Justification to every one that believeth In the same circumstantial consideration of the Law it is that the Apostle saith Rom. 6. 14. Ye are not under the Law and Rom. 7. 4. We are dead to the Law and so delivered from it viz. as it was the condition of the Covenant And that this is the meaning of it is plain by this That it is set down as a reason to prove that sin shall not have dominion over us viz. to binde us to condemnation in case of defectiveness and failings Because saith he ye are not under the Law but under Grace not under that condition of full and perfect Obedience in which if any defects were found sin did presently dominier and threaten death But under a condition in which not only sincerity of obedience is accepted though it be imperfect but also help and assistance in doing the Duties is afforded So that with much cheerfulness may we strive against the raign of Sin and that over-masterful sway which heretofore it had in us and over us Yet this doth not prove but that still we are under the Doctrine and Direction of the Law for Duties of Holiness Yea those duties which by the grace of Christs Spirit we are enabled to perform for this must be acknowledged That though the Law requireth many Duties of Holiness and Sanctification yet is it only the Spirit of Christ which enableth us to perform them these I say are justly termed the Works of the Law because done in relation to the Law though not in the capacity of a condition as in the Covenant of Works yet in the capacity of a Rule and Square of Direction and a Duty of Holiness Object They Reply That St. Paul saith Gal. 3. 10. They that are of the Works of the Law are under the Curse So that either the Law is abrogated even in respect of the Works thereof or else neither is the Curse abrogated if Christians be tyed to the Works they are not freed from the Curse True if they will be of the Works of the Law they shall be under the Curse But what is it to be of the Works of the Law Is it to take directions from the Law for our ways and walkings Is it to yield obedience to the Law No It is to seek Justification and Salvation by the merit of Works done in obedience to the Law This is plain to him that readeth the former Verses to be of Faith is to seek Salvation by the Gospel i. e. by believing in Christ and so To be of the Works of the Law is to seek salvation by them Now then such who will seek salvation by the Works of the Law are under the Curse saith St. Paul Good reason because they cannot satisfie the perfection of the Law And he that will challenge any thing in the way of Iustice must be content to suffer the penalty if he come short of the perfection which the Rule requireth Object Nay but say they The Law is not made for a Righteous

else Saint Paul was deceived He saith If ye live after the flesh ye shall dye Rom. 8. 13. and again He that soweth to the flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption Gal. 6. 8. If you will exempt him from all possibility of sinning and from all possibility of living after the flesh Then I grant he need not fear death and Hell But if such only be true Believers I suppose you must go out of the World to seek for your true Believers Consequently since it cannot justly and truly be said either that Believers need not the threats of the Law or that they need not fear them it is fit that they should hear them and have them pressed upon the conscience The threats I say and therefore much more the precepts and duties of the Moral Law This we teach and thus we practise For by Faith we do not make void the Law nay we do establish it saith the Apostle Rom. 3. 31. Our Faith in Christ doth give us an interest in the Promise of life and salvation But our Conformity to Christ in holiness and the daily growth and increase thereof is that which doth by degrees fit and fashion us for it Well therefore saith the Apostle 2 Cor. 7. 1. Having therefore these promises let us cleanse our selves from all filthines of the flesh and spirit perfecting holiness in the fear of God CHAP. III. A brief Answer to the Arguments of H. D. by him brought to prove Justification before Faith i. e. before the act of Believing Arg. 1. INfants are justified yet do they not believe Rom. 10. 17. therefore some are justified before they believe Answ. This Instance of Infants is not to the point in hand as not in the case of Apostacy and falling from Grace maintained by the Arminians * So neither in this point of Iustification before Faith maintained by the Antinomians For why That Iustification which is in question consisteth in the Remission of actual Transgressions Not so that which Infants receive in their Infancy They are as yet guilty of no more but Original Sin And it is enough for them that the guilt of that is removed of Actual Sin they shall then receive the Remission when they stand in need of it and are fitted for it Objection But whatsoever Infants do receive they receive it without Faith Sol. Hic aqua haeret And Divines do not all agree in expediting themselves Some do not stick to affirm That Infants have Faith I grant it is an hard matter to prove the Negative viz. That Infants have not Faith That Text of Rom. 10. 17. Faith cometh by Hearing is not fully to the purpose If Hearing be restrained to the Ear then all that are born deaf are excluded if extended to any way of acquainting man with the will of God even by the workings of the Spirit who shall exclude Infants As hard a matter it is to prove that Infants have Faith especially if Faith be defined by knowledge perswasion or confidence It is said of Iohn Baptist that he was filled with the holy Ghost This sheweth that Infants are capable of the Spirit but it doth not thereupon follow that they do believe Because though in its actings the Spirit depend not upon the faculties of the soul and their fitness yet doth it not usually prevent them Nor be the actings of Grace ordinarily found but where Age hath added some perfection to the Abilities of Nature All that can be said in this point is this That Infants do receive together with their Iustification the principle of Faith viz. The Spirit of Faith as he is called 2 Cor. 4. 13. This is that which some do call The Seed of Faith or Seminal Faith nor can the term be refused since it is grounded on the phrase of Scripture 1 Pet. 1. 23. and Iohn 3. 9. And so it may be said that Infants have Faith as they have Reason in Actu primo though not in Actu secundo in the seed though not in the flower And this is enough to make them capable of that Iustification which they receive in their infancy consequently though they have it without and before actual Faith yet not before Seminal Faith not before the seed the root the Spirit of Faith 2. Arg. He that is in Christ is Iustified and so Iustified before he do believe Because none can believe before he be in Christ Faith is the fruit of the Spirit Gal. 5. 22. Answ. Grant indeed None can believe before he be in Christ though that Text do not prove it yet he may believe so soon as he is in Christ and full as soon for time as he is Iustified and for order before he be Iustified for understanding whereof know That in the first moment of our Vnion with Christ the Soul hath a Communion of all that floweth from Christ both for Grace and Glory But how In the vertue and power of a Root and Seed from this Union floweth both Grace to enable the soul to do good actions and also Glory to crown and reward each good act that is wrought but each in his own order Ex. gr. The plant engrafted into the stock receiveth from it both sap and fruit Or thus from the vertue of life in the soul doth proceed a power both of Feeding and of Growing not both of them in the same maner for Feeding cometh as an Act Growing as an Effect yea an Effect of this Act so is it here To Believe and To be Justified come from our Union with Christ as indeed all that we have and all that we hope for is from him and without him we can do nothing And in that Union are they folded up as in the root and seed But still to be considered in their natural order in which one is the cause of the other and therefore to be considered in order of Nature before the other what say we that Glorification no less then Iustification doth flow from that Union will you then say that he that is in Christ is glorified yea glorified before he do believe Surely no As none is glorified before he be Iustified so neither is he justified before he be called Rom. 8. 30. In which call if Faith be not included it will not be effectual Thus every thing trust be considered in its own order All these Grace and Glory Faith and the Fruits thereof are rolled up as in a Root and bestowed upon us in our first Union but the explicite production and application of each to the Christian soul is in a just order 3. and 4. Arg. All the Elect of God are Iustified before God for why They cannot be charged with any thing Rom. 8. 33. Their Sins are taken away Isa. 53. 6. Ioh. 1. 29. 1. Pet. 2. 24. And this before they believe For some of them do not yet believe Answer All the Elect of God even they that yet have no being in the World yet when they are look't upon as justified

the sacrament yet do not finde that peace of Conscience which is expected Sol. It may be so But do they withal rest upon it as an Ordinance of the spirit to apply the blood of Christ and so to seal unto the soul the Assurance of peace and pardon Do they I say rest in it or do they expect to receive their Assurance by some irradiation and immediate revelation of the spirit This is the error of some Others are careless in their walking afterward They forget that Caveat of the Psalmist The Lord will speak peace to his people But let them not return again to folly Psa. 85. 8. What wonder if the re-admission of sin into the soul renew the sting and terror of Conscience Satan re-entring brings seven other spirits worse then himself Hence commonly the terror afterward is greater then before Impossible it is that the soul should finde sweetness insin desire it delight in it And the Conscience not fear and tremble at the thought of Hel and the wrath of God Corol. To close up all Is the Conscience terrified See the way to finde remedy and how thou maist provide for comfort Not in the Antinomian way viz. by a violent perswasion of this That thy sin was long since laid upon Christ in the day of his Passion But by seeking for the Application of his blood in the Word and Sacraments Prepare thee for the worthy receiving of them by renewing thy Repentance By Faith look upon Christ in the Sacrament hear him speaking in the word as the assured remedy of all spiritual diseases and distresses carefully watch against future Tentations take heed of relapsing into sin Remember that as Christ hath joyned these two Petitions Forgive us our Trespasses and Lead us not into Tentation so hath he bound up the comfort of the former in the cautelous observation of the latter Whoso doth not watch against Tentation loseth all comfort of Remission THE ARGUMENTS OF The Compassionate Samaritan Touching the Power of the Magistrate in the compulsion of Conscience Examined THe intent and scope of the Book is to shew That the Magistrate ought not to punish any for the profession of his Conscience by Conscience he meaneth the mans present judgement and opinion though it be contrary to what is determined by Authority His Arguments be these 1. Because punishment is not due to what is necessitated 2. Because no man can presume of infallibility 3. Because the Magistrate ought not to compel any man to sin The first Argument VVHere there is a necessity there ought to be no punishment Because punishment is the just recompence of voluntary Actions not of necessitated But every man is necessitated to be of that opinion which he holdeth Nor can he chuse but be of that judgement whatsoever it is Because his reason doth necessarily enforce him to it while it concludeth the Position to be true or false Ans. Grant indeed Where there is a necessity there ought to be no punishment if there be no concurrence of the will Or if that necessitation proceed not from a faulty cause ex gr. The spider is by instinct of nature necessitated to make poison as the Bee to make honey The sinew that shrank in Jacobs thigh or the joynt that is dislocated necessitateth a man to halt he cannot chuse Yet here is no punishment due because here is no concurrence of the will nor is this necessitation from a faulty cause But now when drunkenness doth necessitate some to lust and others to wrath Or rather when corruption doth necessitate wicked men and Angels to sin such is their present condition they can do nothing but sin Yet is not this necessitation an excuse to save from punishment because this is not from natural instinct but from voluntary consent it is from a faulty cause so that it is not always true that where there is a necessity there ought to be no punishment Consequently we must inquire Whence this necessity viz. That he cannot chuse but be of that opinion whence I say it cometh Whether from a faulty or a faultless cause He saith His reason concludeth it to be so and so And hereby he is necessitated to be of this opinion He cannot believe otherwise then his reason guideth him Nor indeed is it fit he should during the time that reason so concludeth But then enquire farther whence is it that his reason doth so conclude Is it from the clearness of the Argument Or from the cloudiness of his understanding In some things there is such clearness in the Argument and such evidence in the light thereof that the judgement cannot but rest in it ex gr. The Articles of the Christian Faith and the Duties of the Moral Law The truth of the one the equity of the other is so clear that reason cannot but see the evidence and conclude accordingly But in respect of some other things though no less true and good in themselves there may be such cloudiness and darkness in the understanding that it cannot apprehend the evidence and force of that Argument and Reason which is aleaged and so for the present it is hindred in yielding assent to them But then the next enquiry is what may be the ground or spring of this darkness and obscurity Whether weakness and ignorance or wilfulness and prejudice If ignorance good reason that as yet the party be excused from punishment till farther information Not so if it proceed from passion and prejudice And would you know whether it proceed from the one or from the other Consider these Rules 1. If it proceed from weakness and not from wilfulness you shall finde in the man a readiness yea a diligence to enquire and search for farther information glad he is to be instructed Not so the other he is negligent and careless to enquire he liketh his present opinion and so pleadeth Conscience when indeed it is affection and affectation that doth wholly guide him He would not be convinced of an Error least he should lose what he hopeth to receive in holding this way 2. If from ignorance and weakness it is attended with meekness and humility Not so the other he is swelling supercilious self-seeking and self-conceited ready to contemn others at no hand ready to yield no not even to know truths if he perceive that they cross the conceit which he hath taken up Whereas the weak Christian is ready to acknowledge the gifts and graces of others that are contrary minded nor will he deny any truth though he cannot as yet acknowledge this in question to be a truth and ●o subscribe unto it Nor will he as doth the other too frequently censure those that are contrary minded 3. Weakness and Ignorance causeth in him sadness and sorrow of Heart in the consideration of his own dulness Grieved he is that he cannot see what other holy Saints and servants of God do see Hence also hearty prayer that God would reveal this truth also to him that