their_o nature_n §_o 11._o all_o creature_n express_v a_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n some_o case_n or_o interval_n wherein_o nature_n seem_v to_o act_v otherwise_o no_o contradiction_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n §_o 12._o all_o animal_n impel_v by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o part_n to_o a_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o to_o a_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 13._o all_o animal_n take_v delight_n in_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n joy_n desire_v etc._n etc._n as_o helpful_a to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a passion_n when_o inordinate_a be_v high_o destructive_a to_o it_o §_o 14._o mr._n h._n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o suppose_v somewhat_o in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o more_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 15._o other_o peculiar_a observation_n relate_v to_o man_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a as_o first_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n in_o man_n than_o in_o brute_n §_o 16._o 2._o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n from_o whence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a and_o last_a love_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 17._o 3._o from_o the_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o man_n hand_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v give_v we_o for_o some_o more_o noble_a use_n than_o bare_a self-preservation_n §_o 18._o last_o from_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o man_n body_n and_o way_n of_o motion_n §_o 19_o the_o next_o set_v of_o observation_n tend_v to_o prove_v man_n more_o fit_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o this_o common_a good_a be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n soul_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n and_o 1._o from_o that_o of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la especial_o in_o that_o of_o distinguish_v of_o real_a or_o natural_a from_o apparent_a good_n §_o 20._o what_o be_v understand_v by_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a or_o moral_a good_a or_o evil._n certain_a axiom_n for_o the_o plain_a understanding_n their_o nature_n and_o degree_n §_o 21._o how_o we_o arrive_v to_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o also_o to_o a_o notion_n of_o the_o general_a or_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 22._o speech_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n nature_n §_o 23._o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n arise_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 24._o man_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v beast_n in_o their_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o also_o in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o number_n §_o 25._o as_o also_o in_o the_o power_n of_o understanding_n the_o different_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n between_o body_n which_o we_o call_v geometry_n §_o 26._o the_o two_o great_a remain_a prerogative_n of_o humane_a soul_n freedom_n of_o will_n as_o to_o moral_a action_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n §_o 27_o 28._o what_o knowledge_n we_o can_v have_v of_o his_o attribute_n which_o can_v never_o be_v true_o understand_v but_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o great_a end_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n §_o 29._o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o sum_n up_o all_o those_o observation_n into_o a_o general_a proposition_n of_o god_n willing_a and_o command_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 1._o a_o brief_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n of_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o law_n §_o 2._o that_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o duty_n as_o declare_v by_o god_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a certain_a principle_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o prove_v it_o §_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o that_o this_o be_v once_o discover_v to_o we_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o proposition_n as_o a_o natural_a law_n with_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o term_n obligation_n and_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o oblige_v we_o §_o 7_o 8_o 9_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o freedom_n of_o our_o will_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o mere_a animal_n and_o a_o rational_a or_o natural_a good_a the_o neglect_n of_o which_o distinction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o epicurus_n and_o mr._n h_n error_n §_o 10._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o obligation_n to_o this_o law_n viz._n its_o sanction_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n certain_a axiom_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o of_o man_n true_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n with_o its_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o other_o being_n §_o 11._o that_o though_o all_o moral_a obligation_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o reward_n or_o punishment_n yet_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v insignificant_a without_o they_o with_o a_o scale_n of_o nature_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o vegetable_n and_o inanimate_a body_n and_o between_o man_n and_o brute_n §_o 12._o the_o strict_a sanction_n and_o consequent_o obligation_n to_o all_o law_n consist_v in_o reward_n and_o punishment_n due_o distribute_v god_n right_a of_o dominion_n not_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o his_o irresistible_a power_n §_o 13._o the_o internal_a reward_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o nature_n be_v first_o the_o inward_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o also_o the_o pleasure_n all_o man_n take_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n etc._n etc._n §_o 14_o 15._o the_o external_a reward_n be_v all_o the_o like_a return_n of_o this_o benevolence_n from_o other_o with_o the_o praise_n or_o commendation_n of_o all_o good_a man_n together_o with_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n §_o 16_o 17._o last_o from_o god_n soundness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o all_o those_o outward_a blessing_n he_o usual_o bestow_v on_o the_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a with_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n why_o god_n often_o afflict_v good_a man_n §_o 18._o the_o internal_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o privation_n of_o the_o former_a good_a thing_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o punishment_n §_o 19_o error_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o passion_n a_o real_a evil_n and_o a_o internal_a punishment_n §_o 20._o 3._o that_o such_o evil_a action_n can_v but_o be_v often_o displease_v to_o the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o §_o 21._o 4._o that_o vice_n and_o crime_n seldom_o come_v alone_o but_o let_v in_o a_o train_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o worse_o along_o with_o they_o §_o 22._o 5._o that_o such_o a_o offender_n can_v get_v out_o of_o this_o state_n when_o he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o without_o the_o trouble_n of_o repentance_n §_o 23._o 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n both_o from_o god_n and_o man_n §_o 24._o the_o external_a punishment_n be_v 1._o the_o evil_n that_fw-mi happen_v to_o the_o body_n from_o violent_a and_o unsociable_a passion_n §_o 25._o the_o second_o those_o return_n of_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n which_o all_o such_o man_n must_v expect_v from_o other_o §_o 26._o the_o 3d._n return_v of_o revenge_n from_o those_o they_o have_v injure_v §_o 27._o last_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v often_o inflict_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n all_o which_o natural_a punishment_n mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n §_o 28._o that_o where_o these_o punishment_n fail_v in_o this_o life_n they_o will_v be_v supply_v by_o other_o infinite_o more_o grievous_a and_o durable_a in_o that_o to_o come_v §_o 29._o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o this_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n be_v true_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n requisite_a thereunto_o §_o 30._o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v his_o own_o life_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n that_o in_o all_o society_n the_o good_a of_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a §_o 1._o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o law_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o
for_o any_o man_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v educate_v or_o maintain_v he_o or_o otherwise_o high_o oblige_v he_o since_o the_o same_o law_n of_o gratitude_n that_o make_v it_o injurious_a to_o hurt_v or_o murder_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v also_o command_v the_o like_a duty_n towards_o any_o other_o benefactor_n §_o 4._o but_o his_o argument_n in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v much_o more_o false_a and_o precarious_a when_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n all_o which_o he_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n for_o first_o though_o i_o grant_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n that_o be_v no_o legislator_n there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o true_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n as_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n they_o be_v true_o law_n before_o any_o civil_a power_n be_v institute_v to_o make_v law_n or_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v and_o consequent_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o other_o be_v innocent_a and_o do_v we_o no_o hurt_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o life_n or_o preservation_n which_o they_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v no_o natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o right_a reason_n be_v from_o whence_o all_o justice_n be_v deduce_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o exercise_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o become_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o humane_a society_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v a_o civil_a one_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a equity_n as_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 14._o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a justice_n and_o injustice_n too_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o principle_n principle_n vi._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o good_a or_o evil._n §_o 1._o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o mr._n h_n opinion_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 6._o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o any_o man_n appetite_n or_o desire_v that_o be_v it_o which_o he_o for_o his_o part_n call_v good_a and_o the_o object_n of_o his_o hate_n and_o aversion_n evil_a and_o of_o his_o contempt_n vile_a and_o inconsiderable_a for_o these_o word_n of_o good_a evil_a and_o contemptible_a be_v ever_o use_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o simple_o and_o absolute_o so_o nor_o any_o common_a rule_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v it_o or_o from_o a_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n who_o man_n by_o disagree_v shall_v by_o consent_n set_v up_o and_o make_v his_o sentence_n the_o rule_n thereof_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o all_o his_o other_o work_n as_o in_o de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 4._o §_o 17._o in_o his_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la cap._n 11._o which_o it_o be_v tedious_a here_o to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o place_n i_o have_v here_o cite_v §_o 2._o but_o this_o he_o endeavour_v physical_o to_o explain_v in_o his_o little_a treatise_n of_o humane_a nature_n cap._n 7._o §_o 1._o compare_v with_o chap._n 3._o where_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o motion_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o conception_n of_o thing_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o judgement_n pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o there_o hinder_v or_o help_v its_o vital_a motion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o please_v or_o displease_v but_o that_o which_o so_o please_v any_o one_o he_o call_v good_a and_o that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_a and_o hence_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n or_o temperament_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o good_a that_o be_v natural_o and_o necessary_o so_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n unblamable_o from_o his_o opinion_n that_o judge_v it_o §_o 3._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h._n have_v write_v more_o loose_o and_o unlike_o a_o philosopher_n than_o these_o unstable_a opinion_n both_o of_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o have_v a_o fix_a and_o constant_a notion_n of_o good_a because_o as_o long_o as_o this_o be_v fluctuate_a and_o uncertain_a all_o knowledge_n of_o our_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a good_a of_o every_o man_n as_o also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a virtue_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o obtain_v this_o good_a will_v be_v likewise_o various_a wander_a and_o uncertain_a §_o 4._o therefore_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o because_o of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o divers_a temperament_n of_o man_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o sort_n of_o diet_n or_o medicine_n may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o one_o which_o may_v not_o prove_v so_o to_o another_o yea_o which_o experience_n have_v approve_v not_o only_o to_o be_v innocent_a but_o wholesome_a for_o other_o something_o like_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o nation_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o in_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o constitution_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o more_o take_v away_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o degree_n than_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o man_n face_n take_v away_o the_o agreement_n between_o they_o in_o their_o common_a nature_n as_o man_n or_o that_o general_a likeness_n that_o be_v between_o they_o in_o the_o conformation_n and_o use_n of_o their_o principal_a part_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbauros_fw-la which_o will_v not_o own_o that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o love_v and_o obey_v god_n than_o in_o blaspheme_v and_o disobey_v of_o he_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o filial_a duty_n towards_o parent_n gratitude_n to_o their_o benefactor_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n fidelity_n in_o their_o promise_n and_o agreement_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n no_o difference_n of_o temper_n make_v any_o man_n in_o his_o sense_n not_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o all_o man_n that_o the_o life_n liberty_n estate_n and_o member_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o kill_n or_o rob_v of_o they_o shall_v be_v everywhere_o prohibit_v under_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n or_o last_o what_o peculiar_a humour_n in_o man_n can_v make_v they_o not_o think_v it_o good_a and_o beneficial_a for_o particular_a family_n and_o nation_n that_o the_o conjugal_a fidelity_n of_o the_o marriagebed_n the_o chastity_n shall_v be_v preserve_v inviolated_a the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o those_o outward_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n or_o conduce_v to_o our_o health_n fame_n honour_n the_o education_n of_o our_o child_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n since_o in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o these_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o most_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v up_o all_o rational_a man_n do_v as_o equal_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n as_o concern_v the_o whiteness_n of_o snow_n or_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o i_o do_v not_o lay_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o these_o action_n on_o this_o general_a agreement_n since_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o true_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a both_o natural_a and_o moral_a i_o therefore_o define_v good_a in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o which_o preserve_v increase_v or_o perfect_v the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o one_o or_o more_o thing_n for_o by_o these_o effect_n that_o peculiar_a agreeableness_n of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o declare_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_o call_v good_a for_o
within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
health_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n so_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o order_n of_o divers_a subordinate_a good_n and_o the_o proportion_n which_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bear_v to_o the_o common_a or_o great_a good_a may_v easy_o be_v deduce_v how_o much_o the_o wellbeing_a or_o happiness_n of_o every_o single_a person_n may_v contribute_v to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a family_n the_o felicity_n of_o a_o family_n to_o that_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o of_o all_o these_o consider_v together_o what_o proportion_n they_o may_v bear_v to_o the_o common_a felicity_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o hence_o you_o may_v be_v easy_o satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o one_o truth_n conduce_v to_o our_o right_a prosecution_n of_o this_o great_a end_n and_o indeed_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 25._o last_o which_o yet_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o all_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_n of_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n express_v in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o divine_a worship_n as_o prayer_n praise_n thanksgiving_n etc._n etc._n this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o virtue_n since_o it_o do_v that_o which_o be_v high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o god_n the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o speak_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o we_o man_n perform_v somewhat_o good_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n and_o which_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o make_v we_o most_o happy_a not_o only_o by_o render_v the_o deity_n propitious_a to_o we_o but_o also_o by_o a_o near_a spiritual_a approach_n and_o conversation_n with_o it_o in_o those_o holy_a exercise_n it_o put_v we_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o mortal_a life_n and_o so_o make_v we_o more_o able_a to_o perform_v the_o great_a end_n of_o our_o creation_n viz._n our_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 26._o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o lay_v down_o and_o explain_v this_o law_n as_o a_o measure_n or_o standard_n of_o all_o good_a action_n to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o shall_v esteem_v all_o good_a or_o evil_a not_o as_o it_o more_o or_o less_o profit_n or_o hurt_v our_o own_o particular_a body_n alone_o but_o as_o it_o may_v more_o or_o less_o add_v to_o or_o detract_v from_o this_o common_a good_a so_o that_o in_o compare_v of_o all_o good_n together_o whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a we_o ought_v still_o to_o look_v upon_o that_o as_o the_o great_a good_n which_o conferr_v most_o and_o that_o to_o be_v the_o least_o which_o contribute_v least_o to_o this_o great_a end_n which_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v desire_v or_o prosecute_v by_o we_o with_o proportionable_a affection_n and_o endeavour_n from_o whence_o also_o may_v be_v draw_v a_o general_a and_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o all_o those_o inordinate_a passion_n proceed_v from_o excessive_a self-love_n by_o which_o man_n be_v most_o common_o draw_v to_o hurt_v or_o injure_v other_o for_o a_o man_n who_o thus_o govern_v himself_o will_v not_o extravagant_o desire_v any_o of_o these_o outward_a thing_n nor_o suffer_v his_o soul_n to_o be_v disturb_v by_o the_o consciousness_n of_o any_o crime_n who_o judge_n nothing_o true_o good_a but_o what_o real_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 27._o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a or_o of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o have_v endeavour_v to_o render_v moral_a philosophy_n or_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a or_o notional_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n who_o whilst_o they_o allow_v nothing_o to_o be_v real_o good_a but_o virtue_n or_o evil_a except_o vice_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o pother_n to_o extol_v the_o real_a good_a of_o the_o former_a and_o declaim_v against_o the_o certain_a evil_n of_o the_o latter_a yet_o by_o not_o give_v we_o the_o true_a reason_n or_o ground_n why_o virtue_n shall_v be_v embrace_v and_o vice_n avoid_v they_o render_v their_o philosophy_n mere_o speculative_a and_o only_o fit_a for_o those_o idle_a porch_n in_o which_o they_o declaim_v scarce_o have_v any_o far_a influence_n upon_o the_o action_n of_o life_n when_o either_o their_o own_o affection_n or_o any_o powerful_a outward_a temptation_n do_v at_o any_o time_n prompt_v they_o to_o act_v contrary_a thereunto_o for_o virtue_n be_v only_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o high_a or_o most_o perfect_a good_a not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o well-sounding_a word_n or_o that_o fill_v our_o mind_n with_o some_o vain_a empty_a notion_n but_o as_o it_o determine_v our_o action_n to_o their_o utmost_a influeence_n upon_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a piety_n as_o consist_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o command_n and_o will_v of_o god_n by_o the_o imitation_n of_o his_o divine_a goodness_n and_o beneficence_n §_o 28._o so_o that_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o dr._n parker_n excellent_a consideration_n on_o this_o subject_a and_o which_o being_n better_a than_o any_o thing_n that_o i_o can_v now_o think_v of_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o give_v it_o you_o almost_o in_o his_o own_o word_n 23._o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o demonstrative_o certain_a by_o induction_n of_o particular_n according_a to_o the_o method_n we_o have_v now_o take_v that_o every_o virtue_n have_v some_o natural_a efficacy_n to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o that_o each_o man_n be_v true_a private_a interest_n and_o happiness_n be_v therein_o contain_v and_o inseparable_o connect_v with_o it_o by_o the_o necessary_a order_n of_o nature_n i._n e_o by_o the_o contrivance_n and_o wisdom_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o its_o author_n command_v all_o his_o rational_a creature_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o will_n and_o sense_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o act_v suitable_o to_o that_o order_n of_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o that_o declaration_n of_o his_o will_n which_o he_o have_v make_v by_o that_o establishment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o bring_n about_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n chap._n v._n contain_v a_o answer_n to_o such_o objection_n as_o may_v be_v make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thus_o explain_v and_o reduce_v into_o this_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n with_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 1._o since_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a principle_n and_o inclination_n may_v make_v different_a objection_n against_o this_o our_o method_n of_o prove_v and_o deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o contract_v it_o into_o this_o sing'e_v easy_a proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v they_o into_o platonist_n or_o epicurean_o those_o who_o put_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o their_o belief_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o innate_a idea_n or_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o man_n soul_n and_o who_o i_o doubt_v not_o may_v have_v a_o true_a zeal_n though_o without_o knowledge_n for_o this_o common_a good_a which_o be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v promise_v for_o those_o who_o falâ—ing_v into_o the_o other_o extreme_a will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o can_v have_v any_o true_a or_o certain_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v those_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n to_o imprint_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n certain_a character_n and_o notion_n of_o himself_o and_o also_o of_o those_o moral_a duty_n which_o he_o require_v of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o in_o doubt_n about_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a a_o concernment_n to_o they_o since_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o will_v not_o only_o have_v secure_v himself_o of_o that_o worship_n and_o veneration_n which_o be_v due_a from_o so_o intelligent_a a_o creature_n as_o man_n
by_o the_o due_a observation_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n or_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a according_a to_o the_o order_n we_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n all_o which_o be_v but_o our_o endeavour_v to_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n it_o be_v true_a mr._n h._n in_o his_o leu._n chap._n 13._o contract_n all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o short_a and_o easy_a rule_n which_o he_o say_v be_v intelligible_a even_o by_o the_o mean_a capacity_n viz._n do_v not_o that_o to_o another_o thou_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o thyself_o which_o rule_n though_o very_o true_a and_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n which_o be_v give_v by_o our_o bless_a saviour_n himself_o yet_o without_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n will_v too_o often_o fail_v for_o if_o this_o rule_n be_v strict_o and_o literal_o to_o be_v understand_v no_o prince_n judge_n or_o other_o magistrate_n can_v condemn_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n for_o in_o so_o do_v he_o do_v that_o to_o another_o which_o he_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o himself_o in_o the_o like_a state_n since_o he_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o criminal_a he_o condemn_v will_v then_o desire_v to_o be_v pardon_v if_o he_o can_v but_o indeed_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o judge_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n of_o justice_n be_v excuse_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o their_o public_a capacity_n be_v because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o act_v as_o private_a person_n but_o as_o public_a representative_n or_o trustee_n with_o who_o the_o common_a good_a and_o peace_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v entrust_v which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n §_o 16._o there_o be_v likewise_o other_o who_o reduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o single_a rule_n or_o precept_n preserve_v or_o do_v good_a to_o thyself_o and_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n as_o to_o thyself_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o true_a rule_n as_o contain_v our_o saviour_n epitome_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o second_o table_n love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o express_v the_o reason_n or_o principle_n on_o which_o it_o be_v found_v for_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n but_o as_o they_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o common_a rational_a nature_n with_o ourselves_o and_o that_o our_o do_v they_o good_a do_v conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n of_o which_o that_o person_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o be_v but_o small_a part_n or_o member_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o particular_a obligation_n to_o endeavour_v our_o own_o particular_a good_a but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v part_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 17._o and_o as_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n so_o likewise_o the_o reveal_v law_n give_v from_o god_n by_o moses_n to_o the_o jew_n and_o intend_v in_o due_a time_n to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o all_o mankind_n tend_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o this_o great_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n for_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o first_o table_n of_o the_o decalogue_n which_o prescribe_v our_o duty_n towards_o god_n and_o which_o our_o saviour_n have_v so_o excellent_o well_o contract_v into_o this_o single_a precept_n thou_o shall_v love_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n with_o all_o thy_o heart_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o soul_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o strength_n etc._n etc._n contain_v nothing_o more_o than_o this_o great_a rule_n for_o as_o god_n before_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o create_v the_o world_n and_o whilst_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o creature_n to_o worship_n or_o serve_v he_o be_v not_o then_o less_o happy_a or_o perfect_a so_o neither_o now_o he_o have_v create_v they_o be_v he_o the_o happy_a if_o we_o worship_v he_o or_o the_o more_o unhappy_a if_o we_o omit_v it_o for_o man_n be_v create_v as_o a_o object_n for_o the_o divine_a goodness_n to_o exert_v itself_o upon_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o first_o table_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o second_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n intend_v for_o man_n good_a and_o happiness_n as_o well_o as_o god_n honour_n and_o service_n so_o that_o even_o that_o great_a commandment_n of_o keep_v holy_a the_o seven_o day_n which_o most_o chief_o respect_v god_n own_o glory_n and_o service_n do_v also_o promote_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n not_o only_o of_o the_o jew_n god_n particular_a subject_n but_o also_o of_o all_o mankind_n whensoever_o this_o law_n shall_v be_v discover_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o it_o command_v the_o dedicate_a of_o that_o day_n to_o the_o worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o be_v observe_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n yet_o even_o in_o this_o he_o do_v not_o design_n his_o own_o glory_n and_o honour_n alone_o nay_o according_a to_o saint_n austin_n our_o good_a only_a but_o also_o our_o good_a and_o happiness_n 5._o which_o be_v then_o most_o perfect_a and_o complete_a when_o we_o bestow_v our_o time_n in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o his_o infinite_a perfection_n and_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o in_o render_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o unspeakable_a benefit_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o have_v make_v and_o ordain_v we_o for_o his_o service_n yet_o he_o have_v so_o constitute_v our_o nature_n as_o to_o make_v our_o high_a happiness_n inseparable_o connect_v with_o all_o the_o particular_a act_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o therefore_o our_o saviour_n reprove_v the_o jew_n when_o they_o find_v fault_n with_o he_o for_o suffer_v his_o disciple_n to_o pluck_v the_o ear_n of_o corn_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n express_o tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o hâ—d_v know_v what_o this_o mean_n 8._o i_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o not_o sacrifice_n they_o will_v not_o have_v condemn_v the_o guiltless_a for_o the_o son_n of_o man_n i._n e._n not_o christ_n alone_o but_o every_o christian_a be_v lord_n even_o of_o the_o sabbath-day_n and_o in_o st._n mark_n 2.27_o that_o the_o sabbath_n be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o not_o man_n for_o the_o sabbath_n thereby_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o sabbath_n itself_o be_v also_o institute_v for_o man_n sake_n and_o that_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o it_o and_o so_o likewise_o our_o saviour_n himself_o by_o choose_v to_o do_v his_o great_a miracle_n of_o heal_v on_o the_o sabbath-day_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o act_n of_o charity_n and_o mercy_n on_o that_o day_n be_v a_o great_a and_o necessary_a part_n of_o god_n service_n §_o 18._o but_o as_o for_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n i_o need_v not_o insist_v upon_o they_o because_o our_o saviour_n himself_o have_v contract_v they_o all_o even_o that_o of_o honour_v our_o parent_n into_o this_o short_a precept_n thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o bid_v we_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n so_o that_o as_o this_o law_n of_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a agent_n contain_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n contain_v in_o the_o ten_o commandment_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n for_o as_o one_o great_a design_n of_o our_o saviour_n come_v into_o the_o world_n be_v by_o his_o most_o excellent_a precept_n and_o example_n to_o exalt_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o a_o high_a perfection_n than_o what_o man_n by_o the_o common_a use_n of_o reason_n can_v general_o attain_v to_o so_o likewise_o be_v it_o one_o of_o the_o main_a design_n of_o his_o come_n to_o restore_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n to_o its_o primitive_a purity_n and_o perfection_n and_o to_o free_v it_o from_o those_o false_a interpretation_n and_o tradition_n with_o which_o the_o pharisee_n have_v corrupt_v it_o for_o whereas_o they_o have_v confine_v the_o observation_n of_o that_o command_n of_o love_v our_o neighbour_n only_o to_o outward_a act_n or_o at_o least_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o those_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n or_o religion_n our_o saviour_n christ_n command_v a_o great_a perfection_n and_o forbid_v even_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thought_n or_o desire_n of_o murder_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o the_o jew_n do_v suppose_v that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o show_v act_n of_o charity_n or_o
the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o be_v true_o law_n and_o the_o action_n prohibit_v by_o they_o be_v sin_n although_o man_n will_v not_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n discover_v this_o legislator_n nor_o will_v consent_v to_o his_o law_n and_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o law_n that_o the_o subject_n lie_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obey_v they_o if_o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v to_o they_o that_o the_o legislator_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o they_o and_o have_v both_o sufficient_o establish_v and_o promulgate_v his_o law_n both_o which_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 12._o but_o indeed_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n have_v do_v very_o cunning_o in_o take_v away_o all_o freedom_n from_o mankind_n and_o to_o suppose_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n since_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o destroy_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o equal_a man_n with_o brute_n but_o by_o pull_v up_o all_o the_o foundation_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n but_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o on_o this_o subject_a to_o show_v the_o folly_n and_o unreasonableness_n of_o this_o opinion_n than_o to_o put_v down_o mr._n h_n word_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o art_n 11._o of_o this_o chapter_n where_o he_o confess_v that_o this_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n be_v absolute_o unprofitable_a for_o mankind_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o right_n be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o right_n at_o all_o for_o although_o any_o man_n may_v say_v of_o every_o thing_n this_o be_v i_o yet_o can_v he_o not_o use_v it_o because_o of_o his_o neighbour_n who_o may_v by_o a_o equal_a right_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v he_o which_o be_v as_o good_a as_o to_o own_o that_o this_o right_n be_v none_o at_o all_o for_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o article_n before-going_a make_v utility_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o right_n but_o here_o be_v a_o right_n without_o any_o utility_n at_o all_o therefore_o these_o word_n right_o and_o unprofitable_a be_v contradictory_n for_o right_o refer_v in_o this_o definition_n to_o some_o use_n or_o profit_n that_o a_o man_n may_v make_v of_o his_o natural_a liberty_n but_o to_o be_v unprofitable_a own_v that_o there_o be_v no_o use_n or_o need_v of_o this_o natural_a liberty_n in_o that_o matter_n principle_n v._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o any_o one_o do_v to_o another_o can_v be_v injurious_a to_o any_o person_n §_o 1._o because_o say_v he_o injustice_n towards_o man_n suppose_v humane_a law_n none_o of_o which_o be_v yet_o in_o be_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 1._o annot._fw-la ad_fw-la §_o 10._o which_o he_o thus_o likewise_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 13._o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n no_o injustice_n force_n and_o fraud_n be_v in_o war_n the_o two_o cardinal_n virtue_n justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v none_o of_o the_o faculty_n either_o of_o the_o body_n or_o mind_n if_o they_o be_v they_o may_v be_v in_o a_o man_n that_o be_v alone_o in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o as_o his_o sense_n and_o passion_n they_o be_v all_o quality_n that_o relate_v to_o man_n in_o society_n not_o in_o solitude_n it_o be_v consequent_a also_o to_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o there_o be_v no_o propriety_n no_o dominion_n no_o mine_n and_o thy_o distinct_a but_o only_o that_o to_o be_v every_o man_n be_v that_o he_o can_v get_v and_o for_o so_o long_o as_o he_o can_v keep_v it_o all_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o epicurus_n long_o ago_o assert_v as_o diogenes_n laertius_n have_v tell_v we_o in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o his_o life_n and_o opinion_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o between_o those_o animal_n which_o can_v be_v join_v by_o any_o compact_a or_o bargain_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v each_o other_o there_o be_v no_o right_n or_o injury_n so_o it_o be_v likewise_o among_o nation_n which_o either_o will_v not_o or_o can_v enter_v into_o compact_n that_o they_o do_v neither_o hurt_n nor_o be_v hurt_v for_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o in_o itself_o although_o in_o some_o place_n such_o a_o bargain_n be_v make_v by_o mutual_a compact_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v each_o other_o so_o that_o injury_n be_v no_o evil_a in_o itself_o but_o only_o consist_v in_o a_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n lest_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v conceal_v from_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v revenger_n of_o such_o injury_n §_o 2._o in_o answer_n to_o all_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n as_o well_o as_o of_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o disciple_n be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o just_a or_o solid_a ground_n for_o by_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n consider_v as_o they_o be_v the_o natural_a law_n of_o god_n a_o perfect_a right_n be_v give_v to_o every_o man_n to_o his_o life_n and_o all_o those_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o without_o which_o he_o can_v subsist_v for_o whatever_o a_o man_n enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o every_o invasion_n or_o violation_n of_o another_o right_n or_o property_n be_v injury_n by_o whatever_o law_n he_o enjoy_v it_o and_o much_o more_o if_o that_o right_o be_v confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n give_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n than_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o mere_a humane_a compact_n and_o though_o mr._n h._n here_o assert_n that_o no_o injury_n can_v be_v do_v to_o any_o man_n with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v no_o compact_n yet_o chap._n 2._o art_n 1._o of_o his_o de_n cive_z he_o say_v that_o since_o all_o man_n will_v grant_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o right_a which_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o right_a reason_n we_o ought_v to_o believe_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n that_o be_v which_o contradict_v any_o truth_n collect_v by_o right_a reason_n from_o true_a principle_n but_o what_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n we_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o some_o law_n so_o that_o here_o he_o grant_v that_o a_o injury_n may_v be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o any_o compact_a or_o translation_n of_o our_o right_n to_o another_o and_o since_o he_o there_o acknowledge_v those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n to_o be_v law_n i_o will_v fain_o see_v how_o those_o can_v give_v any_o man_n such_o a_o right_a to_o invade_v or_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o another_o for_o right_o as_o he_o himself_o well_o define_v it_o be_v a_o liberty_n grant_v by_o right_a reason_n require_v that_o man_n who_o pretend_v to_o act_v or_o speak_v according_a to_o its_o dictate_v can_v act_v contradictory_o to_o its_o other_o principle_n or_o conclusion_n and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o god_n alone_o when_o his_o law_n be_v break_v unless_o he_o can_v show_v that_o those_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o confer_v a_o right_n on_o man_n to_o their_o life_n and_o all_o the_o necessary_n thereof_o and_o do_v not_o likewise_o prohibit_v other_o from_o violate_v this_o right_a so_o grant_v §_o 3._o but_o yet_o this_o author_n when_o he_o be_v press_v hard_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o may_v be_v injury_n do_v to_o another_o out_o of_o civil_a government_n for_o it_o be_v object_v whether_o if_o a_o son_n shall_v kill_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n he_o shall_v not_o do_v he_o a_o injury_n he_o answer_v that_o a_o son_n can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o a_o natural_a state_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o parent_n he_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o be_v bear_v under_o their_o power_n and_o command_v to_o who_o he_o owe_v his_o be_v and_o preservation_n yet_o sure_a a_o man_n parent_n by_o beget_v and_o breed_v he_o up_o do_v not_o thereby_o acquire_v a_o property_n or_o dominion_n over_o he_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v though_o i_o grant_v child_n when_o they_o either_o marry_v or_o otherwise_o become_v lawful_o discharge_v from_o the_o government_n of_o their_o parent_n still_o owe_v a_o filial_a piety_n and_o gratitude_n to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a impiety_n and_o injury_n in_o child_n towards_o they_o to_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v they_o though_o they_o be_v no_o long_o under_o their_o power_n and_o command_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prescribe_v gratitude_n to_o these_o our_o natural_a benefactor_n do_v make_v it_o injurious_a
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o