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of_o those_o establish_v law_n this_o power_n be_v hold_v in_o high_a estimation_n by_o the_o whole_a society_n and_o by_o the_o settle_a constitution_n of_o the_o government_n a_o proportionable_a tribute_n from_o the_o subject_n be_v by_o law_n allow_v as_o a_o revenue_n to_o support_v that_o royal_a office._n and_o for_o the_o firm_a unite_n this_o supreme_a head_n and_o his_o subject_n the_o former_a oblige_v himself_o by_o the_o sacred_a tie_n and_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n at_o his_o inauguration_n to_o govern_v his_o people_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o establish_v law_n and_o the_o latter_a as_o solemn_o pay_v homage_n and_o swear_v obedience_n so_o that_o allegiance_n in_o all_o subject_n whatsoever_o government_n they_o live_v under_o and_o especial_o in_o our_o own_o constitution_n be_v a_o duty_n so_o perpetual_a and_o indispensible_a that_o a_o violation_n of_o it_o be_v a_o high_a offence_n against_o god_n as_o well_o as_o against_o his_o vicegerent_n 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enjoin_v by_o the_o great_a of_o men._n in_o all_o government_n whether_o monarchy_n aristocracy_n or_o democracy_n the_o subject_n duty_n of_o obedience_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o express_a and_o positive_a law_n of_o that_o government_n they_o be_v member_n of_o and_o not_o to_o be_v regulate_v by_o a_o fancy_a chimaera_n of_o obey_v no_o man_n know_v what_o it_o be_v now_o visible_o apparent_a that_o man_n may_v be_v as_o superstitious_o loyal_a as_o religious_a and_o the_o first_o prove_v as_o fatal_a and_o destructive_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o the_o last_o to_o the_o zeal_n and_o fervour_n of_o true_a religion_n when_o in_o good_a earnest_n the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o allegiance_n be_v but_o entire_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o lawful_a command_n and_o injunction_n of_o our_o superior_n jac._n have_v the_o supreme_a magistrate_n no_o authority_n to_o command_v our_o obedience_n and_o be_v the_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n limit_v by_o declaritory_n and_o express_v law_n will._n it_o be_v a_o most_o certain_a truth_n especial_o in_o our_o own_o constitution_n where_o the_o government_n be_v a_o monarchy_n royal_a in_o which_o the_o subject_n have_v as_o undoubted_a a_o right_n to_o their_o religion_n liberty_n and_o property_n as_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a prerogative_n for_o as_o the_o inferior_a law_n limit_v the_o people_n right_n restrain_v they_o from_o invade_v the_o royal_a privilege_n and_o from_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o another_o so_o the_o chief_a design_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v to_o reduce_v the_o regal_a to_o a_o legal_a power_n the_o prescription_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v the_o impartial_a arbitrator_n of_o government_n and_o obedience_n jac._n at_o present_v a_o plausible_a plea_n may_v arise_v from_o hence_o but_o in_o the_o begin_n it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v never_o hear_v of_o till_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o the_o eight_o king_n from_o the_o conquest_n and_o where_o be_v those_o liberty_n than_o you_o so_o much_o boast_v of_o now_o will._n right_n magna_fw-la charta_fw-la in_o that_o particular_a form_n of_o word_n it_o be_v now_o express_v be_v not_o in_o be_v till_o the_o time_n you_o mention_v but_o our_o liberty_n and_o property_n be_v as_o much_o than_o the_o undoubted_a birthright_n and_o inheritance_n of_o the_o subject_n as_o they_o be_v now_o for_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la as_o the_o learned_a and_o renown_a lord_n cook_n observe_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n declaritory_n inform_v we_o what_o our_o right_n and_o privilege_n be_v instate_v we_o into_o what_o be_v lawful_o and_o antecedent_o our_o own_o right_n but_o confer_v no_o new_a immunity_n upon_o we_o jac._n this_o be_v strange_a indeed_o when_o the_o very_a first_o chapter_n begin_v we_o have_v grant_v to_o god_n and_o we_o have_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o freeman_n of_o this_o realm_n how_o can_v king_n henry_n give_v and_o grant_v those_o thing_n be_v none_o of_o he_o will._n the_o subject_n liberty_n assert_v in_o this_o great_a charter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o pure_a emanation_n from_o the_o royal_a favour_n or_o new_a bounty_n to_o which_o the_o people_n have_v neither_o right_a or_o claim_n but_o rather_o a_o restore_v those_o privilege_n which_o by_o the_o usurpation_n and_o encroachment_n of_o former_a king_n be_v forcible_o withhold_v from_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o charter_n itself_o which_o in_o the_o word_n of_o conveyance_n frequent_o mention_n sua_fw-la jura_fw-la and_o svas_fw-la libortates_fw-la their_o right_n and_o their_o liberty_n which_o show_v the_o people_n have_v a_o former_a title_n to_o those_o immunity_n that_o by_o this_o charter_n they_o be_v again_o put_v in_o possession_n of_o jac._n this_o be_v a_o pleasant_a story_n indeed_o be_v the_o subject_n liberty_n more_o ancient_a than_o the_o conquest_n have_v not_o a_o conqueror_n power_n to_o impose_v what_o law_n he_o please_v upon_o those_o vassal_n and_o slave_n he_o have_v conquer_v will._n however_o pleasant_a it_o be_v it_o be_v clear_a and_o obvious_a the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o englishman_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n than_o king_n william_n call_v the_o conqueror_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o law_n that_o assert_v they_o some_o as_o ancient_a as_o the_o heptarchian_a government_n grant_v by_o ethelberd_n ina_n and_o offa_n other_o cotemporary_a with_o the_o monarchical_a regency_n give_v and_o confer_v upon_o the_o subject_n by_o pious_a king_n alfred_n neither_o be_v these_o law_n abolish_v by_o the_o norman_a duke_n but_o be_v of_o such_o force_n and_o vigour_n as_o to_o survive_v what_o you_o call_v the_o conquest_n and_o set_v bound_n and_o limit_n to_o that_o pretend_a conqueror_n it_o be_v not_o deny_v but_o a_o absolute_a conqueror_n may_v propose_v and_o enact_v what_o law_n he_o please_v to_o regulate_v and_o govern_v the_o conquer_a by_o but_o this_o be_v far_o from_o king_n william_n case_n for_o though_o that_o great_a victory_n over_o harold_n with_o such_o a_o mighty_a slaughter_n of_o the_o english_a give_v he_o great_a encouragement_n yet_o the_o crown_n be_v obtain_v by_o bargain_n and_o compact_n as_o be_v plain_o evident_a from_o those_o grant_v make_v to_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o eglesine_n abbot_n of_o st._n augustine_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o kentish_a man_n and_o also_o from_o the_o coronation_n oath_n itself_o where_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v and_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n it_o be_v true_a he_o make_v little_a esteem_n of_o violate_v this_o sacred_a obligation_n and_o his_o successor_n vehement_o encroach_v upon_o the_o liberty_n and_o property_n of_o the_o people_n but_o what_o power_n forcible_o snatch_v from_o they_o do_v not_o invalidate_v the_o 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themselves_o have_v neither_o relation_n or_o aspect_n to_o our_o present_a circumstance_n they_o only_o enjoin_v obedience_n to_o all_o lawful_a command_n and_o prohibit_v resistance_n under_o the_o great_a punishment_n when_o legal_o impose_v which_o be_v so_o far_o from_o our_o late_a transaction_n at_o which_o you_o scruple_n that_o they_o be_v only_o act_v to_o preserve_v our_o pure_a and_o apostolic_a religion_n and_o secure_v our_o fundamental_a law_n and_o ancient_a government_n and_o it_o be_v most_o palpable_o ridiculous_a and_o very_a injurious_a to_o the_o gospel_n to_o wrest_v place_n of_o scripture_n peculiar_o adapt_v to_o the_o suffer_a state_n of_o christianity_n i_o mean_v while_o it_o be_v under_o pagan_a prince_n and_o without_o national_a law_n to_o support_v it_o to_o blacken_v and_o condemn_v the_o action_n of_o christian_n who_o religion_n and_o liberty_n be_v entail_v to_o posterity_n by_o establish_v law_n and_o who_o only_a action_n for_o which_o they_o be_v blame_v be_v for_o rescue_v their_o religion_n from_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n and_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n from_o the_o vassalage_n and_o slavery_n of_o arbitrary_a power_n jac._n but_o it_o be_v observable_a when_o god_n chastise_v the_o wickedness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n he_o never_o do_v it_o by_o their_o own_o people_n but_o by_o a_o strange_a nation_n show_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o justice_n and_o providence_n that_o subject_n must_v not_o correct_v the_o fault_n of_o their_o king_n but_o leave_v that_o to_o god_n to_o who_o they_o be_v only_o answerable_a for_o what_o they_o do_v will._n it_o be_v true_a that_o be_v the_o general_a method_n god_n common_o use_v in_o that_o nation_n especial_o with_o those_o he_o have_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a commission_n from_o himself_o yet_o the_o history_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yield_v we_o particular_a example_n of_o the_o contrary_a practice_n thus_o the_o cruelty_n irreligion_n and_o wicked_a reign_n of_o jeboram_n cause_v libnah_n to_o revolt_v from_o under_o his_o government_n 2_o chron._n 21._o 10._o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o revolt_n be_v because_o jehoram_n have_v forsake_v the_o lord_n god_n of_o his_o father_n and_o the_o maccabee_n when_o antiochus_n epiphanes_n their_o lawful_a king_n have_v silence_v the_o jewish_a burnt-offering_n and_o sacrifice_n profane_v their_o sabbath_n and_o pollute_v their_o sanctuary_n by_o opposition_n and_o violence_n in_o a_o most_o hostile_a manner_n rescue_v their_o worship_n from_o heathen_a idolatry_n and_o cleanse_v their_o sanctuary_n from_o such_o pagan_a pollution_n and_o the_o renown_a and_o think_v 4._o grotius_n allow_v the_o necessity_n of_o thing_n to_o consecrate_v the_o action_n and_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a thorndike_n in_o his_o right_n of_o the_o church_n in_o a_o 306._o christian_a state_n affirm_v god_n approve_v of_o this_o war_n and_o heb._n 11._o commend_n their_o faith_n for_o that_o heroic_a and_o virtuous_a action_n jac._n be_v i_o convince_v of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o discourse_v of_o there_o be_v another_o knot_n so_o intricate_a and_o perplex_v that_o i_o despair_v ever_o of_o satisfaction_n the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v so_o express_a and_o positive_a so_o firm_a and_o bind_v a_o obligation_n that_o nothing_o can_v possible_o be_v a_o firm_a tie_n to_o secure_v my_o obedience_n to_o james_n the_o second_o viz._n not_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n upon_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o to_o give_v this_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o another_o be_v not_o only_o a_o contradiction_n in_o itself_o but_o a_o downright_a violation_n of_o that_o former_a sacred_a obligation_n will._n the_o objection_n i_o confess_v before_o serious_o consider_v be_v a_o very_a plausible_a plea_n and_o of_o great_a importance_n but_o when_o compare_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n and_o the_o command_v of_o scripture_n the_o difficulty_n do_v immediate_o vanish_v yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o such_o oath_n be_v of_o great_a advantage_n in_o a_o public_a society_n by_o these_o prince_n be_v secure_v of_o their_o subject_n allegiance_n general_n of_o their_o soldier_n fidelity_n subject_n ascertain_v their_o prince_n will_v not_o degenerate_a into_o tyrant_n league_n confirm_v between_o nation_n peace_n conserve_v among_o man_n mutual_a commerce_n and_o trading_n secure_v liberty_n and_o property_n maintain_v controversy_n and_o suit_n decide_v and_o among_o those_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n challenge_v a_o prime_a place_n be_v real_o and_o indeed_o a_o very_a sacred_a obligation_n viz._n a_o call_n of_o invocare_fw-la god_n to_o witness_v the_o reality_n of_o our_o intenâ—ion_n to_o keep_v inviolable_a that_o faith_n and_o obedience_n we_o have_v promise_v and_o swear_v to_o our_o superior_n jurare_fw-la the_o breach_n of_o which_o be_v a_o most_o horrid_a crime_n a_o superlative_a perjury_n very_o often_o severe_o punish_v in_o this_o world_n and_o without_o a_o sincere_a and_o unfeigned_a repentance_n will_v inevitable_o ruin_v we_o in_o the_o next_o so_o that_o whatever_o we_o thus_o promise_v we_o be_v as_o firm_o oblige_v to_o perform_v as_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n can_v contrive_v to_o bind_v we_o but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n however_o solemn_o administer_v or_o however_o significant_a or_o express_v in_o itself_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n incumbent_n upon_o we_o as_o subject_n without_o and_o antecedent_n to_o the_o formal_a administration_n of_o it_o it_o may_v indeed_o corroborate_v and_o confirm_v the_o obligation_n by_o add_v perjury_n to_o our_o disobedience_n but_o it_o can_v increase_v or_o augment_v the_o duty_n and_o the_o very_a end_n and_o design_n of_o the_o oath_n atte_v the_o same_o for_o though_o the_o oath_n do_v particular_o name_v the_o supreme_a magistrate_n because_o he_o be_v head_n of_o the_o whole_a society_n as_o if_o it_o be_v design_v only_o for_o his_o protection_n and_o safety_n yet_o we_o may_v rational_o infer_v that_o the_o parliament_n be_v convene_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a who_o invent_v this_o oath_n take_v it_o themselves_o and_o impose_v it_o upon_o other_o have_v in_o this_o oath_n a_o more_o general_n and_o notable_a intention_n of_o a_o more_o excellent_a and_o transcendent_a nature_n viz._n to_o promote_v the_o safety_n honour_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a society_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o ridiculousness_n and_o injustice_n of_o that_o acceptation_n for_o if_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v obligatory_a only_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n viz._n have_v respect_n only_o to_o the_o protection_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o king_n person_n without_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o peace_n and_o welfare_n of_o the_o public_a by_o this_o obligation_n our_o representative_n in_o parliament_n put_v both_o themselves_o and_o we_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n to_o destroy_v we_o at_o his_o pleasure_n bind_v we_o by_o the_o most_o solemn_a obligation_n imaginable_a even_o the_o sacred_a tie_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n quiet_o to_o submit_v to_o the_o invasion_n of_o our_o liberty_n and_o property_n confiscation_n of_o our_o good_n sequestration_n of_o our_o estate_n profanation_n of_o our_o holy_a and_o apostolic_a religion_n by_o superstitious_a and_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o to_o all_o other_o barbarous_a outrage_n that_o the_o pride_n and_o ambition_n of_o man_n or_o the_o malice_n and_o cruelty_n of_o implacable_a enemy_n can_v invent_v which_o be_v a_o soloecism_n of_o so_o grand_a a_o consequence_n as_o we_o may_v well_o think_v impossible_a for_o so_o learned_a judicious_a and_o august_n a_o senate_n to_o impose_v upon_o themselves_o especial_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n take_v only_o in_o the_o former_a intention_n confound_v and_o destroy_v all_o other_o constitution_n of_o parliament_n be_v opposite_a and_o destructive_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o nature_n viz._n self-preservation_n and_o plain_o repugnant_a to_o the_o divine_a rule_n and_o precept_n which_o to_o any_o rational_a man_n methinks_v shall_v be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o engage_v he_o to_o understand_v it_o in_o the_o second_o and_o more_o excellent_a sense_n since_o it_o be_v grant_v by_o all_o man_n of_o reason_n and_o learning_n that_o oath_n be_v only_o obligatory_a in_o the_o sense_n of_o those_o person_n who_o invent_v and_o impose_v they_o if_o their_o intention_n may_v clear_o and_o rational_o appear_v from_o the_o word_n as_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n now_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o different_a circumstance_n be_v capable_a of_o a_o double_a construction_n and_o both_o apparent_o agreeable_a to_o the_o intention_n and_o design_n of_o the_o composer_n i_o will_v a_o little_a illustrate_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o this_o twofold_a signification_n the_o royal_a authority_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a the_o life_n of_o