Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	child_n	father_n	owe_v	1,517	5	9.5531	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02296	The dial of princes, compiled by the reuerend father in God, Don Antony of Gueuara, Byshop of Guadix, preacher, and chronicler to Charles the fifte, late of that name Emperour. Englished out of the Frenche by T. North, sonne of Sir Edvvard North knight, L. North of Kyrtheling; Relox de príncipes. English	Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545?; North, Thomas, Sir, 1535-1601?; Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545? Aviso de privados. English.; Marcus Aurelius, Emperor of Rome, 121-180.	1568 (1568)	STC 12428; ESTC S120709	960,446	762

lyeth truly I thinke none O vnkind mothers my penne had almost called you cruel stepmothers since you lay vp in your hart the cursed mouâ—ke of the ground and sende out of your houses that which sprang of your bloud And if women shold say vnto me that they are weake feable tender that now they haue found a good nourse to this I aunswere that the nourse hath smal loue to the child which she nourisheth when she seeth the vngentlenes of the mother that bare it For truly she alone doth norishe the child with loue that heretofore hath borne it with paine The second reason is that it is a thing very iust that women should nourishe their children to the end they may be lyke vnto their conditions For otherwise they are no children but are enemyes for the child that doth not reuerence his mother that bare him can not enioye a prosperous life Synce the intention of the parentes in bringing vp their children is for none other purpose but to be serued of them when they are old they shal vnderstande that for this purpose ther is nothing more necessary then the milke of the proper mother for wher the child sucketh the milke of a straunger it is vnlikely that it should haue the condicions of the mother If a kidde sucke a shepe they shal perceiue it shal haue the wolle more faire the nature more gentle then if he had sucked a Goate which hath the wolle more hard of nature is more wild wherin the prouerbe is verefied not from whence thou commest but wherof thou feedest It auayleth a man much to haue a good inclinacion but it helpeth him much more from his infancye to be wel taught For in the end we profite more with the customes wherwith we lyue then we do by nature from whence we came The third reason is that women ought to nourish their owne children because they shold be hole mothers not vnperfect for the woman is counted but halfe a mother that beareth it likewise halfe a mother that nourisheth it but she is the hole mother that both beareth it nourisheth it After the duetie considered vnto the father that hath created vs vnto the sonne that hath redeamed vs me thinketh next we owe the greatest duty vnto the mother that hath borne vs in her body and much more it is that we should beare vnto her if she had nourished vs with her owne breastes For when the good child shall behold his mother he ought more to loue her bycause she nourished hym wyth her mylke thenne bycause she hath borne hym in her body Â¶ The Aucthour stil perswadeth women to giue their owne children sucke Cap. xix IN the yere of the foundacion of Rome fiue hundred two After the obstinate cruel warre betwene Rome Carthage where the renowmed captaines wer Hannibal for the Carthagians Scipio for the Romaines sone after that warre followed the warre of Macedonie against kinge Philip The which when it was ended that of Siria began against Antiochus king of Siria For in .630 yeres the Romanes had alwaies continuall warres in Asia in Affricke or in Europe The noble Romanes sent the consul Cornelius Scipio brother to the great Scipio the Affrican for captaine of that warre And after many battayles fortune shewed her force in a Citie called Sepila the which is in Asia the great where king Antiochus was ouercome and all his realme discomfited for trees that haue their rootes plucked vppe must nedes within short time lose their fruites After that kinge Antiochus was ouercome his land spoiled Cornelius Scipio came vnto Rome triumphinge for the victorie that he had of Asia so that as his brother for the victorie that he had of Affrica was called Affricane so he was called Scipio the Asian because he vanquished Asia The captaines of Rome loued honour so much that they would no other reward nor recompence of their trauaile but that they shoulde geue them the renowme of the realme which they had ouercome Truly they had reason for the noble hartes ought lytle to esteme the increase of their riches ought greatly to esteme the perpetuite of their good name As Sextus Cheronensis saithe in his third booke De ambigua iusticia that Cornelius Scipio had a long time the gouerment of the people forasmuch as he was consul censour and Dictatour of Rome for he was not onely hardy and couragious but also he was sage and wise which thinge ought greatly to be esteamed in a man For Aristotle doth not determine it which of these two is most excelleÌ„t eyther stoutnes to fight in the warres or policye to rule in peace Scipio therfore being Dictatour which was an office then as the Emperour is now it chaunced that the x. captaines which had bene with him in the warres violently fought to haue entred into the Monastery of the virgines vestalles wherfore the Dictatour commaunded their heades to be cut of For the Romaines punished more cruelly those that only required the virgins vestalls then those that forced the maried matrones Cornelius Scipio was besought of many in Rome that he would moderate chaunge his so cruel sentence And he which most in this case did importune him was his brother Scipio the Affrican whose praier was not accepted how be it in the end they sayde the captaines wer pardoned by the request of a sister of the said Dictatour Scipio the Affrican And bycause he blamed his brother Scipio that he had done more for the doughter of his nourse then for the sonne of his proper mother he aunswered I let the wete brother that I take her more for my mother that brought me vp and did not beare me then she which hath borne me and in my infancye hath forsaken me And since I haue had her for my true mother it is but reasonne that I haue thys for my deare and welbeloued sister These were the woordes which passed betwene these two brethren I haue diligently red in holy and prophane wrytinges that many tirauntes haue caused their owne mothers to be killed whiche bare them but I could neuer find that they haue done any discurtesye or disobedience to the nourses whyche gaue them milke For the cruell tirauntes doo thirste after the bloude of others but they feare theym whose milke they sucke The fourthe reasonne that byndethe womenne to nourishe their children is to kepe them in more obedience for if the fathers liue long time they must of force come into the handes of their children And let not olde fathers make their accompts saying that during the time that they shall haue the gouernement of the house their children shal be kepte in obedience for in so doing they might abuse them selues For yong men in their youth fele not the trauayles of this life nor knowe not as yet what it meaneth to make prouision for householde For to the stomacke that is ful and cloyed with eating al meates

gladsome mynde he trained was to spend Synce that his youth which slippeth loe by stelth To waite on me he freely did commend Since he such heapes of lingring harmes did wast Aye to contente my wanton youthly wil And that his breath to fade did passe so fast To glut their thrust that thus his bloud did spill Though great the dutie be which that I owe Vnto his graued ghost and â—indred moulde Yet loe me seames my duetie well I showe Perfourming that my feble power coulde For since for me vntwined was his threede Of giltles life that ought to purchase breath Can reasons doome conclude I ought to dreede For his decaye to clyme the steppes of death In wretched earth my father graued lyes My deere mother hath ronne her rase of life The pride of loue no more can dawnt mine eies My wasted goodes ar shronke by fortunes strife My honours sone eclipsed is by fate My yong delight is loe fordone by chaunce My broken life these passed happes so hate As can my graued hart no more aduaunce And nowe remaines to duetie with my phere No more but refuse loe my yrkesome life With willing mynde followed eke with drere Whiche I resigne as sitteth for a wife And thou Sinoris whiche Iunos yoke doest craue To presse my corps to feede thy liking lust The route of Homers gods the graunt to haue In steade of roiall feates a throne of dust In chaunge of costlie robes and riche araie A simple winding sheete they deigne the giue And eke in stede of honest wedlockes staie They singe thy dirge and not vouchsaue the liue In place of himens hie vnfiled bedde They laie thÃ©e vp in closure of thy graue In steed with precious meates for to be fedde They make the wormes for fitter praie thee haue In steed of songe and musikes tuned sowne They waite on thÃ©e with loude lamenting voice In chaunge of ioyfull life and hie renowne Thy cruell death may sprede with wretched noise For you great gods that stalled be on hie Should not be iust ne yet suche titles clame Vnles this wretche ye ruthles cause to die That liueth nowe to sclaunder of your name And thou Dian that haunted courtes doost shonne Knowst with what great delight this life I leaue And when the race of spending breath is donne Will perse the soile that did my phere receaue Â¶ And if perchaunce the paled ghostes despise Suche fatall fine with grudge of thankeles minde Yet at the least the shamefast liuing eies Shall haue a glasse rare wysely giftes to finde Wherein I will that Lucres secte shall gase But none that lyue like Helens line in blase AND when the praier was ended that this faire and vertuous Camma made she dranke and gaue to drynke to Sinoris of this cuppe of poyson who thought to drynke no other but good wyne and water and the case was suche that he died at noone daies and she likewyse in the eueninge after And truly her death of all Grece with as great sorowe was lamented as her life of all men was desired Princesses and great Ladies may moste euidently perceiue by the examples herein conteyned howe honest and honourable it is for them to loue and endeuoure them selues to be beloued of their husbandes and that not onely in their lyfe but also after their deathe For the wyfe to serue her husbande in his life seameth oft tymes to proceade of feare but to loue and honour him in his graue proceadeth of loue Princesses and great Ladies ought not to doe that which many other women of the common people doe that is to wete to seke some drinkes and inuente some shamefull sorceries to be beloued of their husbandes for albeit it is a great burden of conscience and lacke of shame in lyke maner to vse such superstitions yet it should be a thing to vniust and very slaunderous that for to be beloued of their husbandes they should procure to bee hated of God Truly to loue to serue and contente God it is not hurtefull to the woman for that she should be the better beloued of her husbande but yet God hathe suffered and doth permitte oftetymes that the women beinge feble deformed poore and negligent should be better beloued of their husbandes then the diligent faire and ryche And this is not for the seruices they doe to their husbandes but for the good intention they haue to serue loue God whiche sheweth them this especiall fauour for otherwyse God doth not suffer that he being with her displeased she should lyue with her husbande contented If women would take this councell that I geue them in this case I wil teache them furthermore a notable enchauntement to obteine the loue of their husbandes whiche is that they be quiet meke pacient solitary and honest with which fiue herbes they may make a confection the which neither seene nor tasted of their husbands shal not onely cause them to be beloued but also honoured For women ought to knowe that for their beautie they are desyred but for their vertue onely they are beloued Â¶ That Princesses and great Ladies ought to be obedient to their husbandes and that it is a great shame to the husbande that his wyfe should commaunde him Cap. vi MAny auncient historiographers trauailed greatly and consumed long tyme in wryting to declare what authoritie the man ought to haue ouer the woman and what seruitude the woman oweth to the man and some for to auaunce the dignitie of the man and others to excuse the frailtie of the woman alleged such vayne thinges that it had bene more honour for them not to haue written at all then in suche sorte as they did For it is not possible but the wryters should erre whiche wryte not as reason teacheth but rather as their fantasie leadeth Those that defende the frailtie of the women saied that the woman hath a body as a man she hath a soule as a man she hath reason as a man dieth as a man and was as necessarie for generation as man she liueth as a man and therefore they thought it not mete that she should be more subiect to man then man to her for it is not reason that that whiche nature hath made free should by any lawes of man be made bond They saide furthermore that God created not the creatours but to augmente the generation of mankinde and that in this case the woman was more necessary then the man for the man engendreth without payne or trauayle but the woman is deliuered with perill and daunger and with payne and trauayle norysheth vp the childe Wherfore it seameth great vnkindnes and crueltie that the women whiche are deliuered with peryll and daunger of their lyues and brynge vp their chyldren with laboure and toyle of their bodyes should be vsed of their husbandes as sclaues They sayed further that men are those that cursse that moue seditions that make warres that mayntayne enmytie that weare weapons that sheade mans bloude

and the other a latine The king Seuleucus here with not contented prouided secreatly by the meane of a seruaunt of his named Parthemius that he shold haue no other office in the pallace but that what the maysters taught or did to his sonne Antigonus in the day he should secreatly come and tel him in the night But by the dilligence of Parthemius it came to the knowledge of the tutors that they had ouerseers for in the end ther is nothing accustomably but at the last wil be reueiled Since the ii philosophers knew the secret one day they sayd vnto the king Seuleucus these wordes Mightye prince Seuleucus since thou hast of trust committed thy son Antigonus into our haÌ„des why doest thou appoint thy seruauÌ„t Parthemius as accuser of our liues if thou countest vs euil and him good thou shalt showe vs great fauoure if thou wilt discharge vs commit to hym the tuition of thy son For we let the to know that to men of honor it is an vntollerable euil to shame theÌ„ and no dishonor to licence them Thou hast appointed Parthemius to goe and dog vs to see what we do or say openly and afterwardes to make relation vnto the secreatly the worst is that by the relation of the symple we should be condemned beyng sages for triacle is not so contrary to poison as ignorauÌ„ce is to wisedom And truly most noble prince it is a great matter that dayly inquisition be made of man for there is no beard so bare shauen but that it wil grow againe I meane that there is no man of so honest a lyfe but iâ— a man make inquisition he may finde wherwithall to detect The king Seuleucus aunswered them Consyder my frendes that I do know right well that neither the aucthoritie of the parson nor the good creadite of renowme wold be steyned for any other frend in this world if the rude men do it not much lesse ought the Sages to do it For ther is nothing that men trauaile for somuch in this life as to leaue of theÌ„ good renowme after their death Since you are sages and maisters of my sonne and likewyse counsailers of my house it is not mete you shold with any be offended for by good reason he alone ought to be estemed in the pallaces of princes that wil geue vnto the prince good couÌ„cell That which I haue sayed to Parthemius was not for the doubt of your faith neither to thinke any daunger in your aucthority And if the thing be wel considered it goeth well for you and not euil for me and the reason herof is that either you are good or els you are euil If you be good you ought to be glad that daily your seruices be reported vnto me For the continuall betyng in the princes eares of the good seruices of his seruauntes must nedes cause at the last their seruices to be well rewarded Yf you be euill and in teaching my sonne negligent it is but reason that I be aduertised For if the father be deceiued in his opinioÌ„ the son shall receiue poison in his doctrine and also bycause you shal not vndoe my realme nor slaunder me by your euil counsel If the fatal destenies permit that my son be euill I am he that loseth most therby â–ª for my realme shal be distroyed and my renowme vtterly abolished in the end my sonne shall not enioye the heritage And if all passe so you will care litel for you wil saye you are not in the faulte since the childe would not receiue your doctrine Wherefore me thinke it not euill done to ouer see you as you ouer see hym for my dutye is to see that you be good and your dutye is to trauaile that your disciples be not euill This kynge Seuleucus was an honorable man and dyed aged as Plutarke sayth and Patroclus more plainely declareth in the third boke of the warre of the Assirians and for the contrarye hys sonne Antigonus came to be a wycked Prince in all his doynges And this a man may wel perceiue that if he had not bene of his father so muche corrected and of the maisters so well instructed without doubte he wold haue proued much more wicked then he was For yong men on the on part beyng euill inclined and on the other parte euill taught it is vnpossible but that in the ende they should be vitious and defamed In my opininion though children be not euill inclined yet the fathers therof ought not to cease to correcte them for in tyme to come those that write will commende the diligence of the fathers in correcting the vices of the children I haue declared this example to councell that the father be not so necgligent that he shoulde vtterly forget to loke vnto his sonne thinking that now the maister hath the charge of him And of my concell that father ought in this thing to be so aduerâ—ised that if at the first he beheld the child with two eies that theÌ„ he shuld loke vnto him with .iiii. eies For oftetimes it is more requisite that the maysters be punished then the scollers Though princes are not daily informed of the life of the maisters as king Seuleucus was yet at the least oftetymes they ought to enquire of the state of the life of the behauiour both of the maisters and also of the children And this thing they ought not to do only once but also they ought to cal the maisters and councel them lykwise that they haue great respect to the doctrine of their children thinking alwayes to geue them good counsel to shew vnto their scollers afterwardes For otherwyse the mayster immediatly is discouraged when he seeth the father to be necgligent and nothing careful for the bringing vp of his children Princes in one thing ought to haue great respect that is to wete lest the maisters beare with the secreat vyces of children And he ought not to doe thus but also to call them vnto hym to aduyse them to warne them to praye them to counsell and commaunde them that they haue great respect to the bringyng vp of his childreÌ„ and further that he geue them some notable councell to thentente that the maisters afterwarde maye make relation therof to their scollers For there is no manne so weake nor childe so tender but the force whyche he hath to be vitious is ynough if he wil to be vertuous â–ª I would nowe demaunde the maisters and tutour which do gouerne the children of noble and vertuous men what more strength is required to be a glutton then to be a sober man to be a babler or to be silent to be dylygente or to be necgligent to be honest then to be dissolute and as of those few I speake so I coulde resite manye others In this case I wyll not speake as a man of science but as one of experience and that is that by the faith of a christian I swere that with lesse trauaill of the maister

and more profyte of the scoller he maye be soner vertuous then vitious For there is more courage required in one to be euil then strenght in another for to be good Also the maisters commenly haue another euill property worse then this whyche is they beare with their scollers in some secreat vices when they are yong from the whiche they cannot be withdrawen afterwarde when they are olde For it chaunceth oftetimes that the good inclination is ouercome by the euill custome and certainly the maisters whych in such a case should be apprehended ought to be punished as traitors pariured For to the mayster it is greater treason to leaue his disciple amongest vices then to delyuer a forte into the handes of the enemyes And let no man maruaill if I call such a mayster a treator for the one yeldeth the forte whych is but of stones builded but the other aduentureth hys sonne who is of his proper body begotten The cause of al this euill is that as the children of Princes ought to enherite realmes and the children of greate lordes hope to inherite the great estates so the maisters are more couetous then vertuous For they suffer their puples to runne at their own willes wheÌ„ they be yong to thend to winne their hartes when they shal be olde so that the extreame couetousnes of the maisters now a dayes is suche that it causeth goodmens sonnes commonly to be euil and vitious O tutors of princes and maisters of great lordes I do admonyshe you and besides that I counsell you that your couetousnes deceiue you not thynkynge that you shal be better estemed for being clokers of vices then louers of vertues For there is none old nor yong so wicked but knoweth that good is better then euill And further I say to you in this case that oftetimes God permitteth when those that wer children become old their eyes to be opened wherby they know the harme that you haue done them in suffering them to be vitious in thier youth at what tyme your dutye had bene to haue corrected their vices You thought by your goods to be honored for your flattery but you find the contrary that you are despised worthely For it is the iust iudgement of god that he that committeth euill shall not escape without punyshment and he that consealeth the euill committed shal not liue vndefamed Diadumeus the Historiographer in the lyfe of Seuerus the .xxi. Emperour de clareth that Apuleius Rufynus who hadde ben consull twise and at that tyme was also tribune of the people a man who was very aged and likewise of greate aucthoritie thoroughe oute Rome came one daye to the Emperour Seuerus and sayed vnto him in this sorte Moste inuicte Prince alwayes Augustus know that I had .ii. children the whiche I committed to a mayster to bring vp and by chaunce the eldest increasinge in yeares and diminishing in vertues fell in loue with a Romaine ladye the which loue came to late to my knowledge for to such vnfortunat men as I am the disease is alwayes past remedy before the daunger thereof commeth to our knowledge The greatest grefe that herein I fele is that his mayster knew and consealed the euill and was not onely not a meanes to remedye it but also was the chefe worker of the adultery betwene them to be committed And my sonne made hym an oblygation wherin he bounde hym selfe if he woulde bryng hym that romaine lady he would geue hym after my death the house and herytages whych I haue in the gate Salaria and yet herwith not contented but he and my sonne together robbed me of much money For loue is costlye to hym that maynteineth it and alwayes the loues of the children are chargefull to the fathers Iudge you now therefore noble Prince thys so heinous and slaunderous cause for it is to muche presumption of the subiecte to reuenge any iniury knowyng that the lorde hym selfe will reuenge all wronges When the Emperour Seuerus hadde vnderstode this so heynous a case as one that was both in name and dede seuere commaunded good inquisition of the matter to be hadde and that before his presence the shoulde cause to appeare the father the sonne and the mayster to the ende eche one should alledge for his owne right for in Rome none could be condemned for anye offence vnlesse the plainetife had first declared the faulte before hys presence and that the accused shold haue no tyme to make hys excuse The trueth then knowen and the offenders confessyng the offences the Emperour Seuerus gaue iudgement thus I commaunde that this mayster be caste alyue amonge the beastes of the parke Palatine For it is but mete that beastes deuoure hym whyche teacheth others to lyue lyke beastes Also I doe commaunde that the sonne be vtterly dysinheryted of all the goodes of hys father and banyshed into the Iles Balleares and Maiorques For the chylde whiche from hys youth is vitious oughte iustlye to be banyshed the countrey and dysherited of hys fathers goods This therfore of the maister and of the sonne was done by the complaint of Apuleius Rufinus O howe vnconstant fortune is and howe oft not thynkyng of it the threde of lyfe doth breake I saye it bicause if this maister had not bene couetous the father hadde not bene depriued of his sonne the childe hadde not bene banished the mother had not bene defamed the common weale had not bene slaundered the master of wylde beastes hadde not bene deuoured neyther the Emperour hadde bene so cruell agaynst them nor yet their names in Hystories to their infamies hadde alwayes continued I doe not speake thys without a cause to declare by writyng that whyche the euyll do in the world For wyse menne ought more to feare the infamye of the litle penne then the slaunder of the bablyng tongue For in the ende the wicked tongue can not defame but the lyuynge but the litle penne doth defame them that are that were and the shal be To conclude thys my mynde is that the mayster shoulde endeuour hym selfe that hys scooller shoulde be vertuous and that he doe not dispayre though immediately for hys paines he be not rewarded For thoughe he be not of the creature let hym be assured that he shal be of the creatour For God is so mercyefull that he ofte tymes takynge pitie of the swette of those that be good chastneth the vnthankfull and taketh vpon him to require their seruices Of the determination of the Emperour when he committed his childe to the tutours whyche he had prouided for his education Chapter xxxviii CInna the Hystorien in the first booke of the times of Comodus declareth that Marcus Aurelius the Emperour chose .xiiii. masters learned and wise men to teache hys sonne Comodus of the whyche he refused fyue not for that they were not wyse but for that they were not honeste And so he kepte these nyne onely whyche were both learned in the sciences and also experte in bringyng vp the chyldren of

not geeuen thee nor neuer will geeue thee For the goddes are so iuste in deuydynge theire giftes that to them to whom theye geue contentacion theye take from them ryches and to those whom theye geeue riches they take their contentacion Plutarche in the fyrste of hys pollytike puttethe this example and he declareth not the name of thys phylosopher O howe greate a benefyte is that whiche the goddes geeue to prynces and greate lordes in geeuinge them theire healthe in geeuynge them ryches and in geuinge them honour but if besides those hee geueth them not contentacion I saye that in geeuynge them the goodes hee geuethe them trauaile and daunger For if the trauaile of the poore bee greater thenne the trauayle of the riche wytheoute comparison the discontentacion of the ryche is greater then the discontentacion of the poore Menne lytle regardynge theire healthe beecome sicke lytle esteeminge theire riches beecome poore and beecause theye knowe not what honoure is theye become dishonoured I meane that the rashe prynces vntill suche time as theye haue benne well beaten in the warres will alwayes lytle regarde peace The daye that yowe prynces proclayme warres agaynste youre enemies you set at lybertye all vyces to your subiectes Yet yowe saye youre meanynge is not theye shoulde bee euyll I saye it is true Yet all thys ioyned togethers ye geeue them occasion that theye bee not good Let vs knowe what thynge warre is and then we shall see whyther it bee good or euill to followe it In warres theye doe noughte els but kyll menne robbe the temples spoyle the people destroye the innocentes geeue lybertie to theeues seperate friendes and rayse stryfe all the whiche thynges cannot bee done wytheoute greate hurte of iustyce and scrupulosytie of conscyence The sedycious manne hym selfe canne not denaye vs that if twoe Prynces take vppon them warres beetweene them and that bothe of them seeme to haue ryghte yet the one of them onelye hathe reason So that the prynce whyche shall fyghte agaynste iustice or defende the vniuste cause shall not escape oute of that warre iustifyed Not issuynge oute iustifyed hee shall remayne condempned and the condemnation shall be that all the losses murders burnynges hangynges and robberies whiche were done in the one or other common wealthe shall remayne vppon the account of hym whyche tooke vppon hym the vniuste warre Allthoughe hee dothe not fynde an other prynce that will demaunde an accoumpte of hym heare in thys lyfe yet hee shall haue a iuste iudge that will in another place laye it to hys charge The prince whiche is vertuous and presumethe to be a christian beefore hee beeginne the warre oughte to considre what losse or profyte will ensue thereof Wherein if the ende bee not prosperous hee loseth his goodes and honoure and if hee perchaunce attaine to that he desyred peraduenture his desire was to the domage of the common wealthe and then hee oughte not to desire it For the desire of one should not hurte the profite of all When GOD oure lorde dyd create prynces for prynces and people accepted them for their lordes it is to beleue that the goddes neuer commaunded suche things nor the men would euer haue excepted such if they had thought the princes would not haue done that they were bouÌ„d but rather that whereunto they were enclined For if men follow that whereunto theire sensualitie enclinethe them they do alwaies erre Therefore if they suffer them selues to bee gouerned by reason they are always sure And besides that princes should not take vppon them warres for the burdening of theire conscience the mispendinge of their goodes and the losse of their honour they ought also to remember the dutie that they owe to the common wealth the which they are bounde to kepe in peace and iustice For we others nede not gouernours to search vs enemies but princes which may defend vs from the wicked The diuine Plato in his .4 booke de legibus sayeth that one demaunded him why he did exalt the Lidians so much and so muche dispraise the Lacedemonians Plato aunswered If I coÌ„mend the Lidians it is for that they neuer were occupied but in tilling the field and if I do reproue here the Lacedemonians it is because theye neuer knewe nothinge els but to conquere realmes And therefore I saye that more happie is that realme where men haue their handes with labouring full of blysters then where theire armes in fightinge are wounded withe sweordes These wordes whiche Plato spake are verye true and woulde to god that in the gates and hartes of princes they were written Plinius in an epistle sayethe that it was a prouerbe muche vsed amongest the Grekes that he was kyng whiche neuer sawe kynge The lyke maye we saye that he onelye maye enioye peace whiche neuer knewe what warre meant For simple innocent though a man be there is none but will iudge him more happye whiche occupyeth his handekerchiefe to drye the sweate of his browes then he that breakethe it to wipe the bloude of his heade The princes and greate lordes which are louers of warre ought to consider that they do not onelye hurte in generall all men but also specially the good and the reason is that allthoughe they of their own willes do abstaine from battaile doe not spoile do not rebell nor sleye yet it is necessarie for them to endure the iniuries and to suffer theire owne losse and damages For none are meete for the warre but those whiche litle esteeme theire life and muche lesse theire consciences If the warre weare onely with the euill againste the euill and to the hurte and hinderaunce of the euill litle shoulde theye fele whiche presume to be good But I am sory the good are persecuted the good are robbed and the good are slaine For if it were otherwyse as I haue sayde the euill againste the euill we would take litle thought both for the vanquishinge of the one and muche lesse for the destruccion of the other I aske nowe what fame what honoure what glorye what victorie or what riches in that warre can be wonne wherein so manye good vertuous wyse men are loste There is suche penurye of the good in the worlde and such nede of them in the common wealthe that if it weare in oure power wee wythe oure teares oughte to plucke them oute of theire graues and geeue them lyfe and not to leade them into the warres as to a shambles to be put toe deathe Plinie in one epistle and Seneca in an other saye that when theye desyred a Romayne captain that with his army he should enter into a greate daunger whereof greate honoure shoulde ensue vnto hym and lytle profyte to the coÌ„mon wealthe He aunswered For nothynge woulde I enter into that daunger if it were not to geue life to a romayn citizeÌ„ For I desire rather to go enuironed with the good in Rome then to go loden with treasures into my couÌ„treye Comparinge prince to prince and lawe

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