who_o confound_v i_o if_o i_o do_v it_o not_o that_o i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o but_o ordinary_o either_o this_o or_o that_o part_n be_v omit_v and_o oath_n be_v more_o succinct_o give_v as_o by_o those_o example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n where_o god_n be_v introduce_v swear_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a there_o you_o may_v find_v god_n swear_v sometime_o by_o a_o simple_a attestation_n without_o any_o execration_n as_o in_o these_o as_o i_o live_v say_v the_o lord_n i_o have_v wear_v by_o myself_o by_o my_o holiness_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o without_o any_o attestation_n by_o a_o execration_n only_o but_o that_o too_o for_o the_o honour_n and_o reverence_n of_o so_o great_a a_o majesty_n and_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n almost_o suppress_v by_o a_o aposiopesis_fw-la word_n of_o ill_a omen_n elliptical_o and_o diminute_o utter_v as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o psalm_n i_o swear_v in_o my_o wrath_n if_o they_o enter_v 95._o into_o my_o rest_n this_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v certain_a that_o every_o promissory_a oath_n under_o what_o form_n soever_o conceive_v brief_a or_o large_a so_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n and_o no_o mere_a asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n virtual_o contain_v both_o that_o be_v to_o say_v attestation_n and_o execration_n for_o in_o a_o oath_n both_o execration_n suppose_v attestation_n as_o the_v before_o it_o in_o nature_n and_o attestation_n inter_v execration_n as_o its_o necessary_a consequent_a that_o of_o plutarch_n be_v â—â—thy_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o oath_n concude_v with_o a_o curse_n of_o perjury_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n sect_n xi_o it_o remain_v that_o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o add_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o force_n of_o obligation_n of_o obligation_n lawyer_n say_v much_o and_o with_o prolixity_n enough_o they_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v that_o which_o he_o owe_v which_o definition_n will_v be_v no_o least_o fit_a to_o explain_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v internal_a and_o appertain_v unto_o the_o court_n of_o conscience_n than_o those_o which_o be_v external_a and_o appertain_v to_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n whether_o in_o church_n or_o in_o commonwealth_n if_o the_o term_n of_o law_n be_v not_o restrain_v to_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a and_o positive_a only_o but_o so_o extend_v as_o it_o take_v in_o also_o universal_a law_n divine_a and_o natural_a now_o since_o every_o obligatory_a bond_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o definition_n derive_v itself_o from_o some_o law_n as_o the_o law_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o part_n divine_a and_o natural_a the_o other_o civil_a and_o humane_a so_o the_o bond_n or_o obligation_n arise_v from_o thence_o be_v also_o twofold_a to_o wit_n the_o natural_a bond_n which_o oblige_v natural_o and_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la by_o the_o virtue_n of_o divine_a law_n and_o the_o civil_a bond_n which_o oblige_v civil_o and_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la by_o virtue_n of_o humane_a law_n some_o call_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n this_o the_o obligation_n of_o justice_n whether_o proper_o or_o improper_o i_o dispute_v not_o for_o where_o we_o agree_v in_o the_o thing_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o contend_v about_o the_o term_n but_o whereas_o they_o add_v a_o three_o kind_n of_o obligation_n compound_v of_o the_o former_a two_o that_o certain_o be_v not_o very_o convenient_a or_o at_o the_o least_o not_o necessary_a for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o duty_n as_o for_o example_n to_o feed_v his_o age_a parent_n both_o by_o natural_a law_n and_o civil_a this_o will_v be_v no_o new_a species_n of_o obligation_n mix_v of_o the_o other_o two_o but_o rather_o two_o obligation_n conjoin_v both_o in_o the_o subject_n and_o object_n in_o the_o subject_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o bind_v the_o same_o person_n and_o in_o the_o object_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o bind_v unto_o the_o same_o duty_n and_o yet_o natural_o and_o original_o distinct_a the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a for_o thing_n can_v by_o their_o mixture_n produce_v a_o new_a species_n without_o some_o real_a immutation_n of_o themselves_o whence_o aristotle_n define_v mistion_n misoibilium_fw-la alteratorum_fw-la unionem_fw-la for_o in_o all_o mistion_n there_o must_v be_v alteration_n and_o every_o alteration_n be_v a_o real_a mutation_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o mix_a body_n out_o of_o the_o four_o element_n not_o entire_a but_o break_v and_o alter_v but_o where_o a_o new_a obligation_n be_v add_v unto_o a_o former_a one_o as_o in_o this_o case_n the_o civil_a to_o the_o natural_a no_o real_a mutation_n be_v make_v of_o either_o but_o the_o former_a obligation_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n it_o be_v in_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o new_a and_o latter_a but_o i_o will_v not_o stay_v upon_o these_o subtlety_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o oath_n we_o consider_v the_o morâ—ll_n or_o natural_a obligation_n only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o especial_o the_o other_o the_o civil_a we_o leave_v to_o lawyer_n sect_n xii_o beside_o that_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o its_o original_a in_o relation_n unto_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o derive_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o take_v from_o the_o object_n in_o relation_n unto_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o which_o obligation_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o it_o be_v carry_v now_o debt_n be_v twofold_a debitum_fw-la officii_fw-la according_a unto_o which_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n to_o act_v and_o debitum_fw-la supplicii_fw-la according_a to_o which_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o law_n to_o suffer_v if_o he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n we_o say_v that_o the_o mutual_a exercise_n of_o charity_n be_v a_o debt_n because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n enjoin_v it_o according_a to_o that_o rom._n 13._o 8._o owe_v no_o man_n any_o thing_n but_o to_o lov_v one_o another_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n we_o say_v that_o sin_n be_v debt_n as_o in_o the_o lord_n prayer_n forgive_v we_o our_o debt_n and_o that_o external_a death_n be_v a_o debt_n according_a to_o that_o rom._n 6._o 23._o the_o wage_n of_o sin_n be_v death_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o latter_a debt_n be_v contract_v by_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n full_o disengage_v his_o debitum_fw-la officiâ—â—_n by_o obey_v what_o the_o law_n command_v he_o remain_v not_o bind_v debito_fw-la supplicâ—i_fw-la to_o suffer_v that_o which_o the_o law_n denounce_v to_o this_o twofold_a debt_n answer_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n of_o the_o very_a same_o denomination_n to_o wit_n obligation_n ad_fw-la officium_fw-la to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n and_o obligation_n ad_fw-la supplicium_fw-la to_o the_o sufferance_n of_o punishment_n or_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a term_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o obligation_n to_o guilt_n and_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n but_o so_o as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n chief_a and_o prefer_v before_o the_o latter_a for_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o tyrant_n not_o of_o the_o law_n otherwise_o to_o inflict_v punishment_n then_o in_o relation_n to_o guilâ—_n and_o that_o speech_n of_o the_o apostle_n be_v true_a even_o in_o this_o sense_n though_o perhaps_o more_o right_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o another_o the_o law_n be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o righteous_a man_n the_o law_n therefore_o intend_v primary_o direct_o pierce_v and_o simple_o to_o oblige_v unto_o duty_n and_o obedience_n but_o unto_o chastisement_n and_o punishment_n it_o oblige_v only_o secondary_o indirect_o consequent_o and_o ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v suppose_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o duâ—y_n the_o apostle_n seem_v to_o have_v join_v both_o these_o obligation_n together_o in_o rom._n 13._o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o subjection_n due_a unto_o the_o sovereign_a power_n yâ—â—_n must_v needs_o say_v he_o be_v subject_a not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o also_o for_o conscrence_n sake_n from_o which_o word_n i_o gather_v three_o thing_n of_o concernment_n to_o my_o present_a intention_n the_o first_o be_v that_o we_o may_v be_v bind_v by_o a_o double_a bond_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o bond_n of_o duty_n and_o the_o bond_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o word_n of_o conscience_n and_o wrath_n the_o second_o that_o the_o conscience_n of_o duty_n ought_v with_o all_o good_a man_n to_o be_v value_v and_o prefer_v before_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n the_o three_o that_o the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n arise_v
the_o performance_n of_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v it_o be_v also_o require_v that_o the_o same_o be_v speedy_o do_v vers_fw-la 6_o 8_o 9_o 13_o 15._o upon_o the_o day_n that_o he_o hear_v it_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v if_o he_o conceal_v his_o dissent_n but_o a_o day_n he_o have_v establish_v the_o vow_n for_o ever_o for_o he_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v willing_a who_o slow_o express_v himself_o to_o be_v unwilling_a sect_n vii_o have_v consider_v the_o party_n swear_v the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v and_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o three_o doubt_n wherein_o two_o case_n occur_v one_o respect_v his_o authority_n the_o other_o his_o faith_n the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o we_o make_v a_o question_n of_o his_o authority_n who_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o we_o for_o if_o he_o be_v a_o legitimate_a superior_a and_o so_o acknowledge_v by_o we_o nor_o require_v other_o oath_n of_o we_o than_o what_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o law_n and_o confirm_v by_o daily_a and_o approve_a custom_n no_o man_n doubt_v but_o such_o a_o oath_n may_v both_o lawful_o be_v take_v and_o ought_v faithful_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o where_o he_o who_o require_v the_o oath_n seem_v to_o have_v no_o right_a so_o to_o do_v but_o to_o usurp_v a_o power_n which_o belong_v not_o unto_o he_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o tâ—ke_v a_o oath_n by_o he_o so_o offer_v and_o if_o we_o take_v it_o whether_o and_o how_o far_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o it_o first_o i_o say_v that_o a_o pious_a and_o constant_a man_n ought_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o decline_v all_o oath_n impose_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o lawful_a authority_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n to_o compel_v those_o upon_o who_o they_o exercise_v tyranny_n unto_o unjust_a promise_n but_o also_o because_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o defend_v his_o right_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o utmost_a and_o not_o tame_o to_o thrust_v himself_o into_o the_o yoke_n of_o another_o tyranny_n but_o second_o if_o beside_o command_v such_o force_n be_v use_v as_o he_o can_v resist_v and_o there_o be_v no_o refuse_v with_o out_o extreme_a danger_n to_o avoid_v i_o say_v the_o certain_a consequence_n of_o a_o very_a great_a inconvenience_n a_o pious_a man_n but_o sad_o heavy_o and_o with_o some_o expression_n of_o reluctancy_n may_v take_v such_o a_o oath_n provide_v the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o seldom_o happen_v upon_o this_o occasion_n contain_n nothing_o unlawful_a in_o itself_o contrary_a to_o know_a law_n or_o derogatory_n from_o the_o right_n of_o any_o three_o person_n otherwise_o he_o ought_v to_o refuse_v it_o even_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n and_o to_o endure_v the_o utmost_a rather_o thâ—n_v oblige_v himself_o in_o a_o unlawful_a bond_n three_o he_o who_o have_v tâ—ken_v a_o oath_n give_v by_o a_o person_n who_o have_v no_o lawful_a authority_n but_o in_o all_o other_o respect_v lawful_a be_v many_o way_n bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n thereof_o sect_n viii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v a_o infidel_n heretic_n or_o one_o who_o have_v former_o break_v his_o faith_n first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v unto_o a_o infidel_n heretic_n or_o perjure_a person_n it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o patriarch_n isaac_n and_o jacob_n also_o by_o joshua_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n these_o make_v league_n with_o stranger_n and_o infidel_n and_o on_o both_o side_n confirm_v their_o mutual_a faith_n by_o solemn_a oath_n second_o i_o say_v that_o faith_n give_v unto_o such_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v keep_v we_o use_v to_o object_v unto_o papist_n that_o they_o hold_v faith_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n wherein_o the_o jesuit_n of_o this_o age_n exclaim_v that_o great_a injury_n be_v do_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v ashamed_a forsooth_o in_o so_o clear_a light_n open_o to_o profess_v a_o doctrine_n so_o wide_o of_o all_o right_a reason_n and_o pernicious_a to_o humane_a society_n but_o our_o man_n have_v prove_v even_o by_o show_v the_o place_n that_o some_o of_o their_o doctor_n have_v defend_v that_o conclusion_n who_o book_n be_v neither_o prohibit_v nor_o expurgate_v but_o let_v they_o all_o deny_v it_o in_o word_n this_o at_o least_o be_v apparent_a if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o their_o opinion_n either_o by_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o doctrine_n or_o by_o their_o action_n and_o reason_n of_o those_o action_n as_o their_o own_o historian_n of_o most_o unsuspected_a faith_n have_v relate_v they_o there_o be_v no_o such_o cause_n why_o they_o shall_v so_o confident_o exclaim_v that_o we_o have_v slander_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n while_o they_o will_v shift_v of_o this_o opinion_n they_o tacit_o acknowledge_v it_o either_o false_a or_o impious_a the_o prophet_n sometime_o reprove_v the_o king_n off_o judah_n especial_o eze_v k17_n almost_o throughout_o the_o chapter_n that_o they_o keep_v not_o their_o faith_n swear_v unto_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n the_o place_n be_v remarkable_a and_o by_o chrysostâ—me_n large_o and_o elegant_o explain_v nay_o in_o this_o kind_n the_o faith_n of_o reguluâ—_n and_o other_o be_v renown_v in_o heathen_a story_n who_o make_v good_a what_o they_o have_v swear_v even_o unto_o enemy_n and_o carthaginian_n he_o most_o perfidious_a nation_n though_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o life_n silius_n adorn_v regulus_n with_o this_o commendation_n call_v unto_o he_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o apostrophe_n their_o fame_n to_o late_a posterity_n shall_v sound_v faithful_a to_o faithless_a carthaginian_n find_v but_o you_o will_v object_v perhaps_o those_o vulgar_a say_n to_o deceive_v a_o deceiver_n be_v no_o deceit_n and_o cum_fw-la cretensibus_fw-la cretizandum_fw-la to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v those_o which_o grotius_n use_v on_o the_o speech_n of_o brutus_n in_o appian_n roman_n knâ—w_v no_o faith_n nor_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o a_o tyrant_n the_o other_o out_o of_o the_o old_a tragedian_n where_o one_o say_v thou_o have_v break_v thy_o faith_n the_o other_o reply_v which_o i_o neither_o give_v nor_o give_v unto_o any_o faithless_a person_n i_o answer_v that_o these_o take_v from_o common_a practice_n rather_o show_v what_o use_v vulgar_o to_o be_v do_v then_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v or_o if_o you_o admit_v they_o for_o truth_n that_o they_o be_v only_o approvable_a in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o oath_n be_v take_v upon_o condition_n either_o express_v as_o thus_o i_o swear_v to_o give_v you_o a_o hundred_o crown_n if_o within_o a_o month_n you_o redeem_v your_o land_n which_o i_o have_v in_o mortgage_n or_o at_o the_o least_o tacit_a as_o when_o two_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o mutual_a oath_n to_o fulfil_v mutual_a promise_n with_o mutual_a respect_n for_o example_n if_o chremes_n the_o master_n swear_v unto_o his_o servant_n sosia_n to_o give_v he_o annual_o ten_o crown_n and_o sosia_n likewise_o swear_v unto_o cherme_n to_o serve_v he_o eight_o year_n he_o of_o the_o two_o who_o first_o violate_v his_o faith_n present_o absolve_v the_o other_o from_o the_o bond_n of_o his_o oath_n but_o if_o two_o oblige_v themselves_o mutual_o in_o promise_n of_o different_a kind_n or_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o otherwise_o without_o mutual_a respect_n faith_n violate_v by_o the_o one_o absolve_v not_o the_o other_o obligation_n but_o each_o be_v bind_v to_o stand_v unto_o his_o oath_n though_o the_o other_o have_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n for_o example_n a_o king_n simple_o and_o without_o respect_n unto_o the_o allegiance_n of_o his_o subject_n swear_v to_o administer_v his_o government_n righteous_o and_o according_a to_o law_n the_o subject_n at_o another_o time_n simple_o and_o without_o respect_n unto_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o prince_n swear_v allegiance_n and_o due_a obedience_n unto_o he_o they_o be_v both_o bind_v faithful_o to_o perform_v their_o several_a duty_n nor_o will_v the_o king_n be_v absolve_v from_o his_o oath_n though_o subject_n shall_v not_o perform_v their_o due_a obedience_n nor_o subject_n from_o they_o though_o the_o king_n shall_v turn_v from_o the_o path_n of_o justice_n sect_n ix_o hitherto_o of_o the_o condition_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n to_o wit_n the_o party_n swear_v as_o principal_n and_o of_o the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v as_o less_o principal_a the_o four_o doubt_n follow_v concern_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o both_o the_o person_n wherein_o two_o case_n occur_v the_o first_o concern_v the_o person_n swear_v whether_o and_o how_o far_o the_o oath_n oblige_v his_o heir_n and_o
preciselv_n out_o of_o the_o debt_n of_o duty_n whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o obligation_n of_o oath_n as_o it_o concern_v conscience_n be_v primary_o and_o especial_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o obligation_n which_o bind_v we_o to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n not_o of_o that_o whereby_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o perjury_n sect_n xiii_o these_o two_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n lay_v it_o be_v forth_o rmore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o every_o oath_n be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n bind_v insomuch_o as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v without_o any_o intention_n to_o oblige_v himself_o nay_o although_o he_o shall_v swear_v with_o a_o intention_n not_o to_o oblige_v himself_o nevertheless_o the_o oath_n take_v he_o become_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la oblige_v as_o in_o its_o place_n if_o it_o please_v god_n that_o i_o go_v so_o far_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o show_v cicerâ—_n say_v right_a our_o ancestor_n will_v have_v no_o bond_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o faith_n strict_a than_o that_o of_o a_o oath_n but_o what_o can_v be_v more_o clear_o say_v in_o this_o matter_n then_o that_o which_o moses_n say_v in_o the_o text_n if_o a_o man_n vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o line_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bâ—nd_n where_o that_o gemination_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o hebrew_n have_v much_o emphasis_n and_o fortify_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n as_o in_o multiply_v i_o will_v multiply_v &_o in_o blessing_n i_o will_v bless_v that_o be_v i_o will_v exceed_o multiply_v i_o will_v great_o bless_v so_o ligando_fw-la ligamen_fw-la bind_v with_o a_o bond_n that_o be_v strong_o bind_v as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v although_o even_o a_o bare_a promise_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n and_o that_o with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n it_o oblige_v more_o strict_o yet_o a_o vow_n which_o be_v make_v to_o god_n and_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v to_o man_n but_o with_o the_o witness_n of_o god_n be_v the_o strong_a of_o all_o obligation_n wherefore_o every_o oath_n oblige_v the_o conscience_n as_o well_o the_o assertory_n as_o the_o promissory_a of_o the_o promissory_a see_v it_o respect_v the_o time_n to_o come_v no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o of_o the_o assertory_n perhaps_o not_o without_o reason_n there_o may_v be_v some_o question_n make_v because_o all_o obligation_n bind_v unto_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v future_a but_o it_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o assertory_n oath_n from_o the_o promissory_a consist_v in_o this_o that_o that_o respect_v a_o thing_n present_a or_o past_a this_o a_o future_a but_o the_o solution_n be_v easy_a to_o wit_n that_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n qua_fw-la tale_n fall_v not_o primary_o upon_o the_o object_n or_o matter_n of_o oath_n for_o so_o a_o assertory_n oath_n who_o object_n be_v something_o past_a or_o present_a can_v not_o lay_v any_o obligation_n for_o the_o future_a but_o obligation_n fall_v immediate_o and_o direct_o upon_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v the_o conscience_n of_o the_o swearer_n who_o in_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n for_o the_o future_a sect_n fourteen_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v more_o manifest_a and_o that_o withal_o it_o may_v moâ—â—_n clear_o appear_v what_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n which_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o explain_v be_v i_o will_v do_v my_o best_a to_o show_v what_o be_v common_a to_o both_o kind_n of_o oath_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o obligation_n and_o what_o be_v peculiar_a unto_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o first_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v which_o be_v in_o itself_o so_o evident_a as_o its_o contradictory_n imply_v a_o manifest_a contradiction_n that_o all_o obligation_n to_o duty_n respect_v the_o duty_n to_o be_v perform_v de_fw-la futuro_fw-la that_o be_v at_o the_o least_o some_o time_n though_o perhaps_o a_o very_a small_a one_o after_o the_o obligation_n contract_v nor_o be_v it_o hard_o to_o be_v observe_v if_o diligent_o consider_v that_o this_o happen_v unto_o every_o oath_n as_o well_o assertory_n as_o promissory_a for_o whosoever_o swear_v oblige_v himself_o ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la to_o manifest_v the_o truth_n in_o that_o which_o he_o be_v about_o to_o say_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o a_o matter_n past_a or_o present_a by_o a_o assertory_n or_o in_o a_o future_a matter_n by_o a_o promissory_a oath_n and_o hitherto_o this_o obligation_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o both_o kind_n so_o that_o if_o in_o either_o of_o they_o the_o word_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o mind_n he_o become_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o thence_o also_o 〈◊〉_d necessary_a consequence_n obnoxious_a unto_o punishment_n but_o in_o the_o promissory_a oath_n beside_o this_o obligation_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o be_v common_a to_o it_o and_o the_o assertory_n quatenus_fw-la juramentum_fw-la there_o be_v another_o further_a obligation_n proper_a and_o peculiar_a unto_o it_o quatenus_fw-la promissorium_fw-la which_o fall_v upon_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o promissory_a party_n swear_v be_v bind_v not_o only_o in_o present_a to_o intend_v to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o swear_v that_o his_o word_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o mind_n but_o also_o to_o endeavour_n for_o the_o future_a as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o fulfil_v that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v that_o his_o deed_n may_v agree_v with_o his_o word_n that_o be_v he_o oblige_v himself_o not_o only_o bare_o to_o promise_v that_o which_o he_o real_o intend_v but_o also_o far_a oblige_v himself_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o which_o he_o have_v promise_v by_o oath_n which_o the_o word_n of_o moses_n in_o this_o verse_n clear_o express_v if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o vow_v a_o vow_n unto_o the_o lord_n or_o swear_v a_o oath_n to_o bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n he_o shall_v not_o break_v his_o word_n he_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n and_o thus_o as_o full_o as_o i_o oâ—ght_n &_o asclear_o as_o i_o can_v i_o have_v unfold_v unto_o you_o my_o sense_n upon_o the_o first_o head_n of_o this_o discourse_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n what_o obligation_n in_o my_o next_o lecture_n with_o the_o help_n of_o god_n i_o shall_v proceed_v unto_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v propose_v the_o second_o lecture_n summary_n 1._o a_o premonition_n concern_v style_n 2._o hypothesis_n 1._o above_o all_o thing_n simplicity_n become_v a_o oath_n 3._o simulation_n and_o deceit_n be_v repugnant_a unto_o simplicity_n 4_o 5_o 6_o 7._o simulation_n do_v not_o evade_v perjury_n 8._o hypothesis_n 2._o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la 9_o the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o loose_a 10._o all_o condition_n be_v not_o to_o be_v express_v in_o a_o oath_n 11._o hypoth_o 3._o a_o oath_n make_v not_o a_o former_a obligation_n void_a 12._o a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 13._o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 14._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o unlawful_a oath_n and_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n sect_n i._o have_v explain_v in_o the_o former_a lecture_n what_o a_o oath_n be_v in_o general_a what_o a_o promissory_a oath_n in_o particular_a and_o what_o obligation_n i_o proceed_v as_o i_o promise_v to_o propose_v some_o preoccupation_n or_o hypothesis_n fit_v for_o our_o purpose_n as_o foundation_n or_o if_o you_o please_v canon_n or_o rule_n of_o the_o whole_a future_a discourse_n from_o whence_o be_v to_o be_v derive_v and_o to_o which_o be_v to_o be_v reduce_v the_o determination_n of_o most_o doubt_n but_o before_o i_o do_v this_o of_o one_o thing_n by_o the_o way_n which_o i_o go_v not_o about_o to_o entreat_v of_o you_o as_o i_o shall_v do_v if_o i_o can_v suspect_v your_o savour_n or_o believe_v the_o thing_n in_o itself_o unjust_a i_o desire_v only_o to_o premonish_v you_o that_o it_o be_v my_o resolution_n so_o long_o as_o i_o can_v find_v wherewithal_o to_o be_v any_o way_n significant_a in_o my_o expression_n of_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v handle_v not_o to_o labour_v far_o for_o word_n muchlesse_a purity_n of_o language_n and_o least_o of_o all_o to_o trouble_v myself_o for_o elegance_n i_o leave_v that_o to_o such_o as_o have_v leisure_n and_o be_v delight_v to_o take_v pain_n for_o that_o which_o be_v unnecessary_a i_o use_v to_o relate_v among_o my_o friend_n not_o without_o some_o sport_n and_o laughter_n what_o sweat_v it_o cost_v paulus_n cortesius_n a_o man_n
worship_n so_o in_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o life_n especial_o in_o contract_n promise_n vow_n and_o oath_n be_v enjoin_v the_o present_a text_n that_o i_o may_v omit_v other_o require_v of_o he_o who_o take_v a_o oath_n in_o express_a term_n that_o he_o do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n ut_fw-la omnino_fw-la faciat_fw-la that_o be_v that_o both_o at_o that_o time_n he_o faithful_o intend_v to_o do_v and_o afterward_o to_o his_o power_n faithful_o endeavour_v to_o do_v according_a to_o all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n which_o the_o word_n by_o he_o utter_v after_o the_o common_a and_o receive_a manner_n of_o speech_n bear_v in_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o auditor_n and_o not_o according_a to_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o perhaps_o during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v in_o his_o secret_a thought_n reserve_v unto_o himself_o and_o fraudulent_o intend_v whereunto_o that_o agree_v which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o isidorus_n with_o what_o artifice_n of_o word_n soever_o a_o man_n swear_v god_n who_o be_v witness_n of_o his_o conscience_n take_v the_o same_o as_o he_o understand_v it_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o sense_n which_o the_o party_n swear_v when_o he_o begin_v to_o repent_v of_o the_o fact_n go_v about_o to_o invent_v for_o fashion_n sake_n as_o they_o speak_v not_o full_o and_o sincere_o to_o perform_v the_o faith_n of_o his_o oath_n as_o he_o ought_v but_o that_o he_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v unto_o himself_o and_o other_o to_o have_v perform_v his_o duty_n and_o with_o this_o artifice_n very_o wary_o and_o provident_o to_o â—ave_n avoid_v the_o crime_n of_o perjury_n sect_n v._o the_o second_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o the_o apostle_n write_v heb._n 6._o for_o this_o very_a cause_n confirm_v his_o promise_n make_v unto_o the_o faithful_a by_o a_o oath_n that_o he_o may_v witness_v unto_o they_o more_o abundant_o that_o be_v as_o full_o as_o can_v possible_o be_v and_o so_o as_o may_v leave_v no_o place_n to_o doubt_v the_o immutability_n of_o his_o counsel_n in_o fulfil_v of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o perform_v and_o all_o this_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o who_o shall_v believe_v may_v have_v a_o strong_a consolation_n and_o firm_a trust_n in_o he_o which_o nevertheless_o they_o can_v not_o have_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a for_o god_n to_o lie_v or_o deceive_v they_o to_o who_o he_o have_v swear_v by_o frustrate_v their_o expectation_n but_o he_o will_v deceive_v and_o frustrate_v the_o hope_n and_o consolation_n in_o he_o of_o believer_n if_o either_o while_o he_o swear_v he_o intend_v not_o to_o do_v aâ—_n he_o promise_v or_o afterward_o change_v his_o mind_n shall_v noâ—_n perform_v iâ—_n in_o due_a time_n nor_o after_o the_o same_o sense_n in_o which_o his_o promise_n be_v by_o thâ—m_n according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o word_n right_o understand_v the_o lord_n have_v swear_v and_o will_v not_o 11._o repent_v the_o lord_n have_v swear_v in_o truth_n unto_o david_n he_o will_v not_o turn_v from_o it_o sect_n vi_o the_o three_o reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o truth_n which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_a of_o those_o three_o celebrate_a condition_n of_o a_o oath_n extant_a in_o the_o prophet_n jeremy_n inculcate_v 2._o by_o all_o and_o call_v by_o the_o schoolman_n the_o three_o companion_n of_o a_o oath_n viz._n truth_n judgement_n justice_n to_o which_o truth_n be_v repugnant_a not_o only_o that_o which_o be_v false_a but_o that_o also_o which_o be_v feign_v not_o noly_a a_o bare_a and_o evident_a lie_n but_o a_o cover_a one_o also_o howsoever_o palliate_v certain_o whosoever_o speak_v false_o unto_o his_o neighbour_n pollute_v his_o speech_n with_o a_o lie_n and_o he_o have_v speak_v false_o unto_o his_o neighbour_n who_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o deceive_v his_o neighbour_n of_o that_o hope_n which_o he_o have_v rational_o conceive_v from_o his_o speech_n since_o therefore_o by_o simulation_n of_o either_o kind_a a_o lie_n be_v not_o avoid_v if_o through_o our_o fault_n our_o neighbour_n trust_v to_o our_o word_n be_v deceive_v sure_o neither_o be_v perjuryâ—rcided_v â—rcided_z if_o through_o our_o fault_n he_o be_v deceive_v by_o trust_v unto_o our_o oath_n see_v that_o perjury_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o lie_v confirm_v by_o a_o oath_n so_o that_o perjury_n after_o a_o oath_n take_v be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o a_o lie_n be_v in_o a_o bare_a promise_n sect_n vii_o the_o four_o reason_n from_o the_o proper_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o by_o that_o have_v be_v say_v when_o we_o explain_v the_o definition_n of_o a_o oath_n appear_v to_o be_v confirmation_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o doubt_n that_o be_v that_o as_o great_a certainty_n may_v be_v have_v of_o thing_n otherwise_o incertain_a and_o depend_v upon_o the_o truth_n of_o man_n as_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v have_v in_o humane_a affair_n for_o a_o oath_n be_v institute_v of_o god_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o remedy_n of_o humane_a defect_n in_o the_o search_n of_o truth_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o last_o mortal_a refuge_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o verity_n when_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o proof_n be_v deficient_a but_o this_o end_n will_v be_v utter_o overthrow_v nor_o can_v any_o certain_a credit_n be_v give_v to_o man_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o party_n swear_v at_o his_o pleasure_n so_o to_o enervate_v that_o which_o he_o verbal_o pronounce_v to_o the_o end_n to_o obtain_v belief_n either_o by_o any_o tacit_a ambiguity_n in_o swear_v or_o after_o the_o oath_n take_v by_o any_o new_a invent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v posthume_n interpretation_n that_o it_o lose_v its_o whole_a force_n and_o become_v altogether_o ineffectual_a if_o either_o of_o these_o be_v lawful_a a_o oath_n will_v not_o be_v the_o end_n of_o all_o contradiction_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o rather_o give_v occasion_n of_o new_a strife_n and_o contradiction_n then_o determine_v old_a one_o this_o door_n once_o open_v what_o can_v be_v imagine_v so_o false_a for_o the_o defence_n whereof_o some_o kind_n of_o at_o least_o diversion_n or_o subterfuge_n may_v not_o be_v find_v out_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v deliver_v from_o the_o lie_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n how_o great_a a_o perversity_n be_v this_o that_o what_o the_o wise_a god_n have_v ordain_v for_o a_o aid_n of_o truth_n shall_v by_o impious_a man_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o instrument_n of_o falsehood_n very_o unless_o man_n have_v rather_o use_v the_o sacred_a ordinance_n of_o god_n to_o other_o end_n then_o that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v as_o a_o pious_a man_n can_v hardly_o do_v that_o which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o a_o oath_n ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v his_o end_n who_o take_v a_o oath_n now_o that_o be_v to_o give_v such_o assurance_n unto_o the_o hearer_n that_o he_o may_v become_v more_o secure_a and_o certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o a_o matter_n which_o be_v before_o in_o doubt_n but_o he_o who_o dissemble_v go_v about_o to_o possess_v the_o auditor_n with_o a_o false_a belief_n and_o so_o not_o only_o suffer_v other_o to_o be_v deceive_v which_o nevertheless_o see_v it_o may_v and_o ought_v to_o be_v hinder_v be_v against_o charity_n but_o intend_v also_o to_o deceive_v they_o which_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v against_o all_o justice_n and_o honesty_n be_v join_v with_o high_a indignity_n to_o god_n and_o contempt_n of_o his_o holy_a name_n and_o to_o my_o understanding_n scarce_o any_o kind_n of_o perjury_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o diametrical_o oppose_v to_o the_o scope_n of_o the_o three_o precept_n in_o the_o decalogue_n or_o to_o those_o very_a word_n thou_o shall_v not_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n in_o vain_a then_o that_o which_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o simulation_n for_o the_o word_n vanity_n to_o speak_v proper_o and_o adequate_o as_o it_o take_v in_o all_o that_o be_v any_o way_n false_a so_o in_o a_o kind_n of_o peculiar_a manner_n and_o most_o proper_o it_o signify_v that_o which_o be_v false_a in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o bear_v some_o show_n of_o truth_n so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n will_v express_v by_o a_o definition_n the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o vanity_n though_o it_o be_v ens_fw-la ratâ—onis_fw-la only_o and_o have_v no_o true_a essence_n yet_o by_o analogy_n with_o ens_fw-la real_n he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o better_o then_o by_o frame_v a_o idea_n his_o imagination_n compound_v of_o nothing_o as_o the_o matter_n and_o of_o a_o lie_n as_o the_o form_n thus_o hope_v which_o feed_v itself_o with_o a_o lie_n and_o be_v at_o the_o length_n frustrate_v and_o bring_v to_o
nor_o too_o large_o to_o be_v interpret_v wherefore_o when_o i_o say_v that_o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la i_o be_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o therein_o nevertheless_o as_o in_o every_o oath_n how_o simple_o soever_o take_v and_o free_a from_o exception_n all_o those_o exception_n and_o condition_n both_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v presume_v which_o all_o law_n allow_v unto_o a_o oath_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v bind_v whereof_o these_o that_o follow_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o those_o perhaps_o to_o which_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v reduce_v first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v if_o god_n permit_v according_a to_o that_o of_o james_n if_o the_o lord_n will_v we_o will_v live_v and_o do_v this_o or_o that_o wherefore_o if_o caius_n swear_v unto_o titius_n that_o he_o will_v be_v at_o london_n the_o five_o of_o january_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n he_o owe_v he_o if_o he_o happen_v at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o sickness_n or_o be_v rob_v of_o his_o money_n by_o the_o way_n in_o this_o case_n he_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o perjury_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v subordinate_a unto_o divine_a will_n and_o providence_n and_o no_o man_n have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o event_n he_o who_o do_v what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o ward_n the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n have_v fulfil_v his_o oath_n for_o see_v that_o a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o as_o anon_o you_o will_v hear_v every_o oath_n be_v of_o common_a right_n to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o clause_n if_o it_o please_v god_n or_o the_o like_a the_o second_o thing_n to_o be_v presume_v be_v as_o far_o as_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o as_o if_o a_o mâ—n_z shall_v swear_v indefinite_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o a_o corporation_n he_o be_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v to_o observe_v any_o that_o be_v not_o lawful_a and_o honest_a the_o three_o thing_n to_o be_v presume_v be_v a_o salvo_fw-la to_o superior_a power_n wherefore_o if_o a_o son_n swear_v that_o he_o will_v perform_v some_o lawful_a thing_n and_o his_o father_n ignorant_a thereof_o lie_v some_o other_o command_n upon_o he_o which_o hinder_v the_o perâ—_n formance_n of_o his_o oath_n the_o son_n be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o oath_n because_o by_o divine_a and_o natural_a law_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o obey_v his_o father_n command_n and_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v not_o to_o stir_v from_o home_n if_o he_o be_v summon_v by_o a_o lawful_a judge_n to_o appear_v be_v bind_v to_o go_v notwithstanding_o his_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o one_o man_n act_n ought_v not_o to_o prejudice_v another_o man_n right_a the_o four_o thing_n to_o be_v presume_v be_v rebus_fw-la sic_fw-la stantibus_fw-la that_o be_v if_o thing_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n wherein_o they_o now_o be_v whence_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v to_o restore_v a_o sword_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o a_o mad_a man_n and_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v to_o take_v a_o woman_n to_o wife_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v she_o if_o he_o find_v afterward_o that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n by_o another_o these_o and_o the_o like_a condition_n who_o reason_n be_v clear_a be_v fit_a in_o every_o oath_n to_o be_v presume_v though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o he_o will_v be_v too_o rigid_a a_o interpreter_n who_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o exclude_v any_o of_o they_o but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v admit_v more_o doubtful_a exception_n and_o dissonant_n not_o only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n but_o from_o all_o right_a reason_n and_o not_o approve_v by_o common_a right_n or_o consent_v of_o nation_n very_o he_o shake_v the_o very_a foundation_n lay_v by_o god_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o open_v a_o large_a field_n unto_o all_o kind_n of_o perjury_n by_o his_o rash_a enterprise_n and_o so_o we_o leave_v our_o second_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o strict_a interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n sect_n xi_o upon_o which_o as_o also_o that_o before_o of_o the_o simplicity_n of_o a_o oath_n i_o think_v good_a more_o large_o to_o insist_v though_o many_o thing_n have_v fall_v into_o my_o meditation_n not_o unworthy_a knowledge_n which_o neverlelesse_a for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o have_v omit_v both_o because_o the_o clear_a interpretation_n of_o they_o seem_v unto_o i_o very_o necessary_a in_o these_o most_o dissolute_a time_n wherein_o man_n general_o play_v with_o oath_n as_o boy_n do_v with_o cockal_n and_o that_o there_o be_v very_o considerable_a use_n of_o these_o two_o hypothesis_n in_o that_o which_o with_o god_n help_n i_o be_o about_o to_o say_v in_o my_o future_a lecture_n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v more_o brief_o dispatch_v the_o three_o hypothesis_n a_o oath_n make_v not_o a_o former_a obligation_n void_a a_o oath_n have_v natural_o its_o obligatory_a power_n but_o constructive_a only_o not_o destructive_a that_o be_v it_o may_v lay_v a_o obligation_n where_o there_o be_v none_o before_o or_o strengthen_v one_o that_o lie_v before_o but_o it_o can_v take_v away_o that_o which_o it_o find_v or_o impose_v another_o which_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o it_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o all_o obligation_n some_o right_n be_v confer_v upon_o another_o for_o whosoever_o be_v oblige_v be_v oblige_v unto_o another_o and_o it_o seem_v most_o unjust_a that_o by_o the_o mere_a act_n of_o one_o the_o right_a of_o another_o without_o his_o own_o consent_n shall_v be_v weaken_v nor_o will_v iâ—_n make_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o purpose_n whether_o that_o obligation_n we_o suppose_v be_v natural_a or_o acquisite_a natural_a and_o necessary_a obligation_n be_v that_o whereby_o we_o be_v bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n unto_o another_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o owe_v he_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o person_n which_o as_o i_o observe_v in_o our_o former_a lecture_n some_o call_v obligation_n of_o equity_n because_o it_o original_o derive_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v both_o most_o equal_a and_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o equity_n such_o be_v the_o mutual_a obligation_n between_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n the_o father_n and_o son_n the_o master_n and_o servant_n the_o prince_n and_o his_o subject_n acquisite_a and_o voluntary_a obligation_n which_o be_v also_o call_v civil_a by_o a_o synecdoche_n speciâ—i_fw-la and_o of_o justice_n because_o it_o be_v just_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v unto_o that_o whereunto_o he_o have_v voluntary_o bind_v himself_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o be_v engage_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n to_o another_o which_o we_o owe_v he_o by_o agreement_n and_o virtue_n of_o some_o proper_a and_o voluntary_a act_n such_o be_v the_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o promise_n vow_n oath_n league_n and_o other_o humane_a contract_n and_o convention_n if_o therefore_o a_o oath_n be_v offer_v unto_o any_o man_n contain_v any_o thing_n repugnant_a unto_o a_o former_a obligation_n whether_o natural_a or_o acquisite_a aâ—_n if_o it_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o the_o obedience_n due_a unto_o a_o parent_n or_o the_o prince_n or_o if_o it_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_o swear_v or_o promise_v before_o such_o a_o oath_n no_o man_n can_v take_v or_o take_v fulfil_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n who_o do_v either_o of_o these_o be_v perjure_v sect_n xii_o the_o four_o hypothesis_n follow_v which_o be_v so_o evident_a of_o itself_o that_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o need_v no_o proof_n a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o and_o this_o be_v extend_v unto_o all_o kind_n of_o impossibility_n which_o may_v happen_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n now_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v impossible_a either_o per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la perseus_n three_o way_n first_o by_o a_o natural_a impossibility_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o fly_v a_o fish_n to_o speak_v second_o by_o a_o impossibility_n of_o fact_n as_o for_o caius_n stay_v this_o day_n at_o london_n to_o meet_v titius_n tomorrow_o at_o venice_n three_o by_o a_o impossibility_n of_o law_n as_o it_o be_v say_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o have_v no_o legal_a power_n to_o do_v in_o which_o sense_n that_o ordinary_a speech_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v id_fw-la tantum_fw-la possumus_fw-la quod_fw-la jure_fw-la possumus_fw-la thus_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o mayor_n of_o this_o city_n to_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v a_o impossibility_n of_o any_o of_o these_o three_o kind_n his_o oath_n be_v vain_a and_o from_o the_o begin_n null_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v he_o to_o endeavour_v that_o which_o he_o swear_v
transform_v the_o man_n into_o a_o beast_n he_o who_o swear_v have_v whole_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v bind_v when_o he_o be_v sober_a serious_o to_o repent_v both_o of_o his_o debauchery_n and_o rash_a oath_n but_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o do_v as_o he_o swear_v because_o during_o the_o act_n of_o swear_v he_o have_v not_o that_o use_n of_o reason_n without_o which_o there_o be_v no_o judge_v of_o thing_n with_o deliberate_a understanding_n but_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n hinder_v only_o and_o not_o so_o take_v away_o but_o that_o he_o may_v though_o drunken_a in_o some_o measure_n judge_n and_o resolve_v it_o seem_v he_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n oblige_v to_o fulfil_v his_o oath_n at_o least_o in_o part_n if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o his_o very_a great_a hurt_n and_o this_o both_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o antecedent_n deliberation_n sufficient_a to_o bind_v and_o for_o punishment_n of_o his_o rashness_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v wise_a and_o lead_v a_o sober_a life_n lest_o he_o stumble_v into_o that_o drunkenness_n which_o will_v stick_v by_o he_o sober_a but_o if_o performance_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o the_o great_a hurt_n or_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v as_o if_o a_o man_n be_v drink_v shall_v promise_v to_o sell_v the_o land_n whereupon_o he_o keep_v his_o family_n for_o little_a or_o nothing_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v oblige_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o such_o a_o promise_n be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o absence_n of_o his_o understanding_n wherefore_o see_v his_o mind_n be_v not_o full_o free_a during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o oath_n neither_o be_v the_o obligation_n full_a perhaps_o in_o this_o case_n it_o will_v not_o be_v the_o worst_a end_n of_o a_o ill_a business_n if_o it_o shall_v by_o both_o party_n be_v whole_o refer_v unto_o the_o arbitration_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o prudent_a man_n to_o be_v by_o circumstance_n determine_v what_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v the_o party_n swear_v deserve_v to_o make_v good_a in_o punishment_n of_o his_o drunkenness_n and_o temerity_n sect_n v._o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v of_o his_o oath_n who_o be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o power_n but_o another_o as_o if_o a_o son_n or_o pupil_n in_o the_o power_n of_o parent_n or_o tutor_n or_o a_o servant_n in_o his_o master_n or_o wife_n in_o her_o husband_n or_o subject_n in_o his_o prince_n or_o a_o soldier_n in_o his_o captain_n or_o the_o like_a shall_v take_v a_o oath_n without_o permission_n of_o his_o superior_a what_o and_o how_o far_o avail_v this_o oath_n i_o answer_v he_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o ought_v not_o to_o determine_v of_o any_o of_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v subject_a by_o a_o oath_n without_o express_a consent_n of_o his_o superior_a where_o it_o may_v convenient_o be_v have_v or_o at_o the_o least_o without_o his_o tacit_a consent_n that_o be_v where_o the_o party_n swear_v may_v probable_o conjecture_v that_o his_o superior_a if_o leave_n be_v ask_v will_v not_o refuse_v to_o grant_v it_o if_o he_o do_v otherwise_o he_o sin_v in_o swear_v neither_o be_v he_o oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o swear_v nay_o he_o be_v oblige_v not_o to_o perform_v it_o unless_o his_o superior_a be_v make_v acquaint_v with_o the_o matter_n give_v he_o leave_v as_o be_v at_o large_a explain_v by_o moses_n through_o this_o chapter_n in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o vow_n or_o oath_n for_o as_o to_o obligation_n they_o appear_v the_o same_o in_o this_o verse_n make_v by_o a_o virgin_n while_o she_o be_v in_o the_o house_n of_o her_o father_n or_o by_o a_o wife_n in_o the_o house_n of_o her_o husband_n the_o sum_n be_v that_o the_o vow_n of_o a_o virgin_n if_o her_o father_n know_v of_o it_o and_o contradict_v it_o not_o be_v valid_a because_o by_o silence_n he_o seem_v to_o have_v give_v consent_n but_o if_o he_o contradict_v it_o it_o be_v void_a and_o the_o same_o by_o analogy_n may_v be_v determine_v of_o all_o such_o as_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o other_o so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v under_o such_o power_n which_o for_o two_o reason_n appear_v by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v first_o bâ—cause_fw-mi he_o do_v injury_n unto_o another_o who_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o right_n of_o his_o own_o dispose_v of_o the_o right_n of_o another_o but_o by_o our_o five_o hypothesâ—s_v no_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o act_n injurious_a unto_o another_o see_v that_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o second_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o duty_n to_o be_v subject_a unto_o his_o superior_a and_o obey_v his_o will_n in_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v superior_a which_o obligation_n by_o our_o three_o hypothesis_n a_o subsequent_a oath_n can_v take_v away_o wherefore_o we_o must_v necessary_o conclude_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o one_o who_o be_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n be_v neither_o lawful_a nor_o obligatory_a sect_n vi_o nevertheless_o this_o conclusion_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_a but_o it_o may_v admit_v of_o two_o exception_n one_o respect_v the_o party_n swear_v the_o other_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a for_o the_o party_n swear_v it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o person_n enjoy_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n so_o full_o in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o but_o he_o be_v at_o the_o least_o in_o some_o thing_n at_o his_o own_o dispose_n and_o of_o these_o every_o man_n may_v according_a to_o his_o discretion_n even_o without_o leave_n or_o acquaint_v his_o superior_a with_o the_o matter_n so_o determine_v as_o may_v be_v obligatory_a the_o servant_n of_o caius_n ought_v not_o to_o let_v out_o his_o labour_n to_o titius_n or_o lend_v or_o give_v unto_o he_o any_o part_n of_o his_o master_n good_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o caius_n because_o thing_n concern_v the_o performance_n of_o duty_n dispose_v of_o good_n or_o other_o service_n of_o the_o family_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o master_n power_n but_o the_o servant_n or_o son_n of_o caius_n may_v promise_v even_o without_o acquaint_v caius_n to_o give_v unto_o titius_n that_o which_o be_v peculiar_o they_o &_o if_o they_o confirm_v their_o promise_n by_o a_o oath_n they_o be_v bind_v whether_o he_o will_v or_o no_o to_o perform_v it_o because_o each_o have_v free_a right_n to_o dispose_v of_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_o he_o and_o be_v as_o to_o that_o in_o his_o own_o power_n second_o for_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o superior_a it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o unto_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o inferior_a precedent_a consent_n express_v be_v not_o necessary_o require_v but_o it_o suffice_v if_o it_o be_v tacit_a whether_o antecedent_n or_o subsequent_a tacite_fw-la antecedent_n consent_n i_o understand_v to_o be_v when_o from_o the_o lightness_n or_o equity_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o other_o probable_a cause_n it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o superior_a if_o he_o have_v be_v ask_v will_v have_v consent_v unto_o or_o at_o least_o not_o forbid_v the_o fact_n as_o if_o caius_n be_v from_o home_n or_o not_o acquaint_v with_o the_o business_n his_o wife_n shall_v clothe_v a_o poor_a man_n with_o a_o old_a suit_n or_o give_v a_o alm_n to_o a_o beggar_n or_o his_o son_n or_o servant_n upon_o his_o neighbour_n entreaty_n shall_v lend_v a_o ox_n or_o a_o cart_n or_o other_o instrument_n of_o husbandry_n or_o householdstuff_n or_o shall_v contribute_v their_o assistance_n to_o build_v a_o neighbour_n house_n or_o bring_v home_o his_o corn._n tacite_fw-la subsequent_a consent_n i_o understand_v to_o be_v when_o the_o superior_a in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v any_o promise_n rash_o make_v by_o the_o inferior_a if_o he_o see_v cause_n invalid_a come_v afterward_o to_o knowledge_n of_o the_o promise_n do_v not_o present_o and_o open_o contradict_v it_o nor_o discover_v by_o any_o certain_a expression_n that_o he_o so_o far_o disprove_v the_o act_n as_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o fulfil_v according_a to_o that_o which_o be_v direct_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o 6._o 8._o and_o other_o verse_n of_o this_o chapter_n where_o to_o make_v the_o vow_n of_o a_o daughter_n or_o wife_n invalid_a a_o open_a and_o mature_a signification_n of_o the_o dissent_n of_o the_o father_n or_o husband_n be_v require_v for_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o render_v the_o daughter_n vow_v invalid_a that_o the_o father_n say_v it_o displease_v he_o but_o he_o must_v open_o declare_v against_o it_o vers_n 13._o 16._o si_fw-la renuendo_fw-la renuat_fw-la and_o tollendo_fw-la tollat_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v he_o must_v constant_o withstand_v the_o fact_n and_o by_o interpose_v his_o authority_n forbid_v
they_o think_v themselves_o bind_v to_o quit_v themselves_o of_o their_o faith_n engage_v by_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o the_o second_o that_o unl_n esse_fw-la corrupt_a affection_n be_v vigorous_o withstand_v that_o spark_n which_o be_v leave_v in_o we_o of_o natural_a light_n will_v go_v near_o to_o be_v altogether_o extinguish_v by_o they_o or_o so_o rake_v up_o in_o that_o heap_n that_o we_o shall_v rather_o give_v our_o mind_n artificial_o to_o palliate_v then_o sincere_o to_o avoid_v perjury_n three_o that_o he_o who_o desire_v to_o keep_v himself_o free_a from_o all_o spot_n of_o perjury_n must_v diligent_o ponder_v every_o word_n in_o its_o own_o strength_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v or_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v fulfil_v without_o deceit_n or_o simulation_n for_o unadvised_o to_o chap_v up_o holy_a thing_n be_v impious_a and_o too_o late_o when_o they_o be_v once_o swallow_v to_o chew_v they_o and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o first_o doubt_n which_o amount_v unto_o this_o sum_n that_o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n where_o they_o be_v so_o clear_a in_o themselves_o that_o among_o honest_a man_n there_o can_v be_v no_o question_n of_o their_o meaning_n the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o they_o apparent_o afford_v and_o may_v not_o either_o in_o swear_v or_o when_o he_o have_v swear_v stretch_v those_o word_n upon_o the_o last_o of_o his_o interest_n by_o any_o study_a interpretation_n sect_n viii_o the_o second_o doubt_n be_v where_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n be_v in_o question_n and_o the_o case_n be_v three_o the_o first_o of_o spontaneous_a oath_n as_o in_o promise_n proceed_v from_o the_o mere_a motion_n of_o good_a will_n and_o a_o kind_n of_o liberty_n of_o the_o mind_n rather_o than_o duty_n of_o right_n or_o respect_n the_o common_a and_o true_a answer_n be_v that_o these_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v take_v according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v because_o every_o man_n be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o himself_o for_o example_n if_o any_o of_o we_o shall_v bind_v ourselves_o by_o a_o vow_n or_o promise_n to_o give_v unto_o the_o poor_a of_o a_o village_n or_o collector_n for_o they_o ten_o shilling_n a_o month_n if_o the_o poor_a see_v month_n as_o we_o use_v it_o be_v a_o ambiguous_a word_n shall_v by_o the_o promise_n pretend_v unto_o the_o first_o pension_n upon_o the_o 28._o day_n of_o january_n and_o so_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o month_n upon_o the_o same_o day_n take_v a_o month_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o week_n which_o be_v one_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n shall_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o due_a till_o the_o last_o of_o january_n and_o so_o forth_o take_v month_n for_o the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o year_n according_a to_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o calendar_n which_o be_v another_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o the_o ambiguity_n shall_v be_v interpret_v rather_o in_o his_o sense_n then_o they_o because_o that_o pension_n be_v not_o due_a in_o justice_n and_o before_o the_o promise_n but_o in_o charity_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o free_a promise_n without_o agreement_n or_o contract_n and_o of_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n ought_v these_o word_n to_o be_v understand_v which_o be_v cite_v in_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o canon_n law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o god_n take_v not_o the_o oath_n as_o he_o unto_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v but_o as_o he_o who_o swear_v understand_v the_o same_o but_o that_o this_o may_v right_o be_v apprehend_v two_o thing_n be_v observable_a one_o that_o it_o hold_v especial_o in_o spontaneous_a oath_n and_o promise_n for_o in_o such_o as_o be_v require_v the_o reason_n differ_v as_o shall_v be_v say_v anon_o the_o other_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v in_o the_o present_a case_n oblige_v to_o hold_v unto_o his_o promise_n in_o that_o sense_n which_o he_o either_o real_o intend_v when_o he_o swear_v or_o be_v willing_a the_o auditor_n shall_v believe_v and_o not_o in_o any_o which_o he_o shall_v please_v afterward_o to_o impose_v for_o god_n who_o behold_v the_o heart_n be_v not_o delude_v by_o word_n nor_o ought_v the_o intention_n to_o serve_v the_o word_n but_o the_o word_n the_o intention_n sect_n ix_o the_o second_o case_n be_v of_o oath_n and_o promise_n which_o be_v offer_v unto_o or_o require_v of_o the_o party_n swear_v whether_o of_o right_n or_o under_o pretence_n of_o right_n such_o especial_o as_o ruler_n of_o authority_n command_v their_o subject_n or_o law_n ordain_v as_o with_o we_o those_o of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n those_o which_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o university_n require_v of_o graduate_n and_o the_o like_a also_o those_o which_o either_o party_n in_o lawful_a covenant_n demand_v of_o the_o other_o or_o be_v use_v in_o bargain_n league_n and_o other_o mutual_a contract_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o mutual_a faith_n for_o answer_v in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n ought_v regular_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v seem_v probable_o to_o intend_v so_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v bind_v under_o pain_n of_o perjury_n to_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a and_o honest_a according_a to_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o deferent_a the_o word_n be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v say_v the_o lawyer_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o this_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v take_v to_o the_o end_n he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v may_v by_o interposition_n of_o the_o same_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v shall_v be_v perform_v unto_o he_o but_o he_o will_v be_v no_o whâ—t_n the_o more_o assure_v of_o that_o performance_n if_o the_o word_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o not_o according_a to_o his_o own_o sense_n for_o there_o be_v a_o different_a nature_n of_o obligation_n where_o debt_n be_v claim_v by_o promise_n and_o where_o promise_n be_v claim_v by_o debt_n god_n himself_o who_o be_v by_o law_n no_o man_n debtor_n make_v himself_o through_o his_o free_a promise_n our_o debtor_n and_o he_o who_o oblige_v himself_o by_o a_o voluntary_a vow_n oath_n or_o promise_v unto_o any_o deed_n of_o charity_n ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la contract_v debt_n but_o because_o this_o debt_n be_v not_o found_v upon_o his_o right_n unto_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v but_o flow_v mere_o from_o the_o free_a act_n of_o the_o party_n promise_v it_o be_v most_o just_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v his_o own_o interpreter_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v to_o know_v how_o much_o how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o intend_v to_o oblige_v himself_o on_o the_o other_o side_n where_o the_o promise_n be_v found_v upon_o some_o antecedent_n right_a either_o that_o of_o subjection_n and_o duty_n by_o superior_a authority_n or_o of_o justice_n and_o contract_n by_o agreement_n between_o party_n because_o he_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v have_v right_a to_o inquire_v the_o same_o and_o be_v most_o concern_v that_o it_o be_v faithful_o perform_v reason_n require_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o promise_n shall_v rather_o be_v judge_v according_a to_o his_o mind_n and_o interpretation_n then_o by_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o party_n promise_v sect_n x._o the_o three_o case_n be_v where_o the_o deferent_a offer_v a_o oath_n of_o ambiguous_a sense_n desire_v only_o that_o the_o word_n be_v swear_v leave_v it_o unto_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v to_o take_v they_o in_o what_o sense_n he_o please_v i_o say_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suspect_v that_o some_o deceit_n be_v couch_v in_o they_o and_o that_o a_o pious_a prudent_a man_n ought_v therefore_o to_o refuse_v a_o oath_n proffer_v upon_o such_o condition_n which_o i_o shall_v make_v good_a by_o a_o threefold_a proof_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o selt_z in_o which_o the_o first_o thing_n require_v be_v truth_n for_o a_o speech_n of_o indefinite_a and_o ambiguous_a sense_n before_o it_o be_v distinguish_v be_v no_o true_a proposition_n indeed_o no_o proposition_n see_v a_o proposition_n as_o by_o the_o definition_n thereof_o be_v know_v even_o to_o child_n aught_o to_o signify_v a_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n without_o ambiguity_n second_o in_o regard_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o proper_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v that_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v make_v may_v have_v
successor_n for_o example_n caius_n have_v buy_v a_o field_n of_o titius_n swear_v simple_o to_o pay_v he_o a_o hundred_o pound_n within_o six_o month_n within_o the_o time_n caius_n die_v the_o question_n be_v whether_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v the_o heir_n of_o caius_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v the_o money_n promise_v i_o answer_v the_o heir_n of_o caius_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o give_v occasion_n unto_o the_o oath_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o enjoy_v the_o field_n for_o which_o the_o money_n be_v promise_v for_o the_o heir_n who_o inherit_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o person_n decease_v be_v bind_v de_fw-la jure_fw-la to_o pay_v his_o just_a debt_n it_o be_v most_o equal_a that_o a_o estate_n shall_v pass_v with_o the_o engagement_n that_o be_v upon_o it_o nethelesse_o the_o heiâ—_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n make_v by_o the_o person_n decease_v by_o which_o mean_v if_o he_o pay_v not_o he_o be_v unjust_a only_a not_o perjure_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o personal_a bond_n and_o contract_v a_o spiritual_a obligation_n only_o at_o the_o internal_a bar_n of_o conscience_n not_o a_o civil_a and_o temporal_a one_o at_o the_o external_a bar_n of_o justice_n but_o in_o personal_a thing_n no_o man_n be_v bind_v without_o his_o own_o consent_n if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o caius_n by_o his_o personal_a act_n may_v well_o oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o heir_n unto_o some_o performance_n as_o we_o see_v it_o daily_o do_v by_o instrument_n of_o law_n and_o therefore_o from_o the_o like_a that_o he_o may_v also_o bind_v his_o heir_n by_o a_o oath_n especial_o if_o he_o say_v in_o express_a word_n that_o he_o swear_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o either_o like_a reason_n because_o the_o personal_a obligation_n which_o be_v in_o the_o conscience_n must_v necessary_o be_v personal_a as_o a_o man_n conscience_n be_v proper_a unto_o himself_o and_o can_v pass_v into_o another_o but_o temporal_a obligation_n follow_v a_o temporal_a thing_n which_o see_v it_o may_v pass_v unto_o another_o person_n may_v also_o lay_v a_o obligation_n upon_o another_o person_n wherefore_o the_o heir_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o thing_n not_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o oath_n sect_n x._o the_o second_o case_n concern_v the_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v whether_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v the_o performance_n of_o a_o thing_n unto_o another_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o he_o swear_v be_v decease_a be_v bind_v to_o make_v it_o good_a unto_o the_o heir_n or_o successor_n of_o the_o say_a party_n i_o answer_v ordinary_o he_o be_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v if_o he_o express_v that_o he_o will_v perform_v the_o oath_n unto_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o other_o it_o may_v also_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o he_o be_v bind_v though_o he_o express_v it_o not_o if_o the_o oath_n take_v relate_v to_o dignity_n because_o dignity_n vary_v not_o with_o the_o change_n of_o person_n whence_o if_o any_o subject_n or_o soldier_n swear_v fidelity_n unto_o his_o king_n or_o general_n the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o make_v unto_o they_o also_o who_o succeed_v unto_o that_o dignity_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o matter_n of_o debt_n and_o sundry_a other_o thing_n wherein_o consideration_n of_o duty_n or_o contract_n give_v occasion_n of_o the_o oath_n if_o you_o shall_v inquire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v personal_a as_o to_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v not_o also_o personal_a as_o to_o the_o party_n unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v but_o pass_v unto_o his_o heir_n or_o successor_n or_o which_o come_v to_o the_o same_o matter_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o man_n may_v engage_v himself_o unto_o another_o and_o his_o successor_n though_o successor_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n but_o can_v oblige_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n though_o they_o be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n i_o answer_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n lie_v in_o this_o that_o in_o the_o one_o case_n obligation_n of_o a_o man_n self_n be_v mean_v in_o the_o other_o obligation_n of_o other_o any_o man_n may_v oblige_v himself_o spiritual_o as_o he_o will_v or_o please_v and_o therefore_o may_v by_o his_o proper_a act_n oblige_v himself_o as_o well_o to_o the_o successor_n of_o another_o as_o to_o the_o person_n himself_o but_o a_o man_n can_v lay_v a_o obligation_n upon_o another_o unless_o he_o also_o consent_v and_o therefore_o he_o can_v by_o his_o act_n spiritual_o oblige_v himself_o only_o now_o whereas_o i_o say_v in_o answer_n unto_o the_o doubt_n in_o this_o case_n that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v ordinary_o oblige_v the_o reason_n why_o i_o say_v so_o be_v because_o it_o may_v be_v that_o sometime_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v for_o see_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v aught_o to_o be_v judge_v of_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o subject_a matter_n where_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v and_o other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v conjecture_v that_o the_o party_n swear_v intend_v only_o a_o personal_a promise_n unto_o the_o person_n unto_o who_o he_o swear_v and_o not_o unto_o his_o successor_n the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n divolve_v not_o unto_o those_o successor_n sect_n xi_o but_o of_o active_a cause_n this_o may_v suffice_v i_o pass_v to_o the_o impulsive_a which_o be_v partly_o external_a and_o partly_o internal_a internal_a when_o a_o man_n through_o the_o mere_a motion_n of_o his_o own_o will_n not_o compel_v by_o any_o other_o free_o offer_v himself_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n or_o through_o some_o transportation_n of_o anger_n love_n or_o other_o passion_n of_o a_o perturb_a mind_n or_o through_o delight_n in_o sin_n and_o impious_a custom_n of_o swear_v rash_o and_o without_o judgement_n besprinkle_v his_o discourse_n with_o oath_n which_o vice_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaviness_n and_o frequency_n of_o the_o sin_n i_o can_v wish_v be_v more_o often_o and_o vehement_o reprehend_v in_o sermon_n as_o i_o see_v it_o be_v diligent_o and_o sharp_o do_v in_o his_o time_n by_o the_o most_o devout_a man_n john_n chrysostome_n leave_v by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n through_o oath_n the_o earth_n mourn_v and_o the_o lord_n swear_v in_o his_o wrath_n that_o he_o will_v not_o hold_v they_o guiltless_a who_o so_o contemn_v his_o dreadful_a name_n that_o they_o fear_v not_o to_o invoke_v his_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n as_o witnesseâ—_n and_o arbyter_n without_o any_o necessity_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o concern_v oath_n of_o this_o kind_n all_o spontaneous_a oath_n be_v absolute_o forbid_v except_o upon_o weighty_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o while_n to_o hear_v augustine_n of_o himself_o i_o swear_v say_v he_o but_o as_o i_o conceive_v compel_v thereto_o by_o great_a necessity_n while_o i_o see_v that_o i_o be_o not_o believe_v without_o it_o and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o he_o who_o believe_v i_o not_o not_o to_o believe_v i_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v say_v we_o may_v only_o then_o swear_v when_o it_o be_v expedient_a that_o we_o be_v believe_v and_o can_v be_v believe_v without_o we_o swear_v and_o in_o this_o case_n in_o which_o only_o it_o be_v lawful_a a_o voluntary_a oath_n be_v the_o more_o bind_v for_o be_v voluntary_a because_o there_o be_v no_o straight_a obligation_n then_o that_o which_o we_o take_v willing_o upon_o ourselves_o sect_n xii_o wherefore_o let_v these_o pass_n i_o proceed_v to_o external_a impulsive_a cause_n which_o be_v especial_o two_o deceit_n and_o force_n the_o five_o doubt_n therefore_o be_v of_o a_o oath_n into_o which_o we_o be_v inveigle_v by_o craft_n and_o deceit_n that_o be_v when_o one_o man_n lead_v into_o error_n by_o another_o man_n word_n or_o fact_n swear_v to_o perform_v something_o which_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o another_o he_o will_v not_o have_v swear_v of_o which_o we_o have_v a_o illustrious_a example_n in_o joshua_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n who_o deceive_v by_o the_o gibeonite_n feign_v themselves_o to_o be_v stranger_n come_v from_o a_o far_a country_n to_o desire_v a_o league_n with_o the_o people_n of_o god_n admit_v they_o unto_o the_o league_n and_o swear_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o nor_o do_v the_o israelite_n when_o they_o find_v themselves_o deceive_v presume_v to_o retract_v the_o oath_n know_v themselves_o bind_v by_o the_o religion_n thereof_o but_o grant_v life_n and_o peace_n unto_o the_o gibeonite_n aâ—_n they_o have_v contract_v nevertheless_o
they_o find_v out_o a_o expedient_a impose_v upon_o they_o the_o condition_n of_o servitude_n in_o the_o vile_a office_n whereby_o the_o gibeonite_n may_v pay_v for_o their_o craft_n be_v keep_v in_o their_o duty_n and_o not_o be_v able_a for_o the_o future_a to_o hurt_v israel_n of_o which_o fact_n say_v ambrose_n joshua_n think_v not_o the_o peace_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o be_v revoke_v because_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n lest_o while_o he_o argue_v other_o perfidious_a he_o shall_v break_v his_o own_o faith_n by_o which_o example_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o oath_n though_o obtain_v by_o deceit_n have_v the_o strength_n of_o obligation_n and_o lest_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o joshua_n and_o the_o prince_n be_v too_o superstitious_a in_o this_o matter_n they_o resist_v not_o only_o the_o people_n who_o think_v the_o gibeonite_n notwithstanding_o the_o oath_n aught_o to_o be_v slay_v render_v this_o reason_n of_o their_o advice_n we_o have_v swear_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n god_n of_o israel_n now_o therefore_o we_o may_v not_o touch_v they_o but_o god_n so_o approve_v afterward_o of_o the_o thing_n by_o a_o double_a sign_n one_o when_o he_o bestow_v upon_o joshua_n fight_v for_o the_o gibeonite_n against_o the_o king_n who_o have_v make_v a_o confederacy_n for_o their_o destruction_n a_o remarkable_a victory_n accompany_v with_o a_o illustrious_a miracle_n the_o other_o when_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o king_n saul_n unjust_a violation_n of_o the_o league_n make_v with_o the_o gibeonite_n be_v punish_v with_o three_o year_n famine_n and_o at_o the_o length_n expiate_v with_o the_o death_n of_o seven_o of_o his_o son_n by_o god_n express_a command_n public_o hang_v sect_n xiii_o nevertheless_o this_o case_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o distinction_n for_o the_o error_n whereinto_o the_o person_n swear_v be_v lead_v by_o the_o deceit_n of_o another_o if_o it_o be_v about_o a_o circumstance_n only_o or_o about_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v extrinsic_a and_o accidental_a take_v not_o away_o the_o obligation_n as_o appear_v but_o now_o in_o the_o error_n of_o the_o israelite_n concern_v the_o gibeonite_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o case_n caius_n shall_v swear_v to_o take_v the_o widow_n of_o titius_n to_o wife_n believe_v she_o though_o poor_a to_o be_v rich_a he_o must_v take_v she_o this_o error_n render_v not_o his_o oath_n invalid_a and_o the_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o outhe_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n but_o iâ—_n the_o error_n be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o its_o proper_a cause_n as_o if_o caius_n shall_v swear_v to_o marry_v this_o particular_a woman_n under_o the_o name_n of_o titia_n believe_v she_o to_o be_v titia_n though_o she_o be_v not_o &_o afterward_o shall_v find_v his_o error_n he_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o oath_n for_o a_o error_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o oath_n render_v the_o promise_n invalid_a and_o obligation_n void_a sect_n fourteen_o the_o six_o and_o last_o doubt_n be_v of_o force_n or_o of_o a_o oath_n extort_a by_o fear_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v not_o he_o will_v not_o swear_v and_o true_o this_o be_v a_o difficult_a and_o intricate_a question_n nevertheless_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o perspicuity_n as_o i_o can_v the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o the_o fear_n be_v slight_a and_o such_o as_o can_v easy_o affect_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o if_o through_o the_o fear_n of_o unjust_a censure_n or_o of_o derision_n or_o displeasure_n of_o some_o powerful_a person_n a_o man_n shall_v promise_v by_o oath_n the_o performance_n of_o something_o which_o will_v be_v inconvenient_a for_o he_o and_o such_o as_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o fear_n he_o will_v neither_o do_v nor_o promise_n in_o answer_n i_o must_v first_o repeat_v which_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o oath_n be_v most_o religious_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o be_v swear_v which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n against_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a against_o a_o virtuous_a life_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n against_o a_o former_a obligation_n or_o in_o any_o other_o respect_n unlawful_a such_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o through_o any_o hope_n of_o profit_n or_o fear_v of_o danger_n to_o be_v either_o take_v or_o perform_v this_o presume_v i_o say_v that_o a_o slight_a and_o empty_a fear_n ought_v to_o be_v contemn_v by_o a_o valiant_a man_n that_o be_v by_o a_o honest_a for_o he_o can_v be_v honest_a who_o be_v not_o valiant_a and_o every_o oath_n of_o this_o kind_n to_o be_v constant_o and_o bold_o refuse_v the_o righteous_a be_v bold_a as_o a_o lion_n pâ—ov_n 26._o 1._o of_o which_o fortitude_n he_o who_o be_v destitute_a can_v hardly_o do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o a_o good_a man_n for_o he_o that_o observe_v the_o wind_n shall_v not_o sow_v and_o he_o that_o regard_v the_o cloud_n shall_v not_o reap_v say_v solomon_n eccles._n 11._o 4._o nâ—y_o it_o can_v hardly_o come_v to_o pass_v but_o he_o shall_v do_v many_o thing_n unbeseeming_a a_o good_a man_n for_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o solomon_n prov._n 29._o 25._o the_o fear_n of_o man_n bring_v a_o sâ—are_n but_o if_o any_o man_n be_v oversee_v through_o want_n of_o courage_n have_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v ensnare_v he_o have_v bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o promise_v sâ—ct_n xv._n the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o fear_n be_v great_a and_o just_a and_o such_o as_o may_v affect_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o the_o fear_n of_o captivity_n loss_n of_o all_o his_o good_n of_o infamy_n torture_n and_o which_o be_v the_o king_n of_o fear_n of_o death_n itself_o i_o say_v first_o as_o before_z if_o the_o oath_n contain_v any_o unlawful_a thing_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o any_o honest_a man_n though_o to_o save_v his_o life_n nor_o take_v can_v be_v observe_v without_o sin_n harken_v oh_o you_o christian_n unto_o the_o golden_a speech_n of_o a_o heathen_a the_o man_n who_o be_v just_a and_o steady_a to_o ode_n himself_o arm_a tumult_n can_v bow_v nor_o awe_v by_o the_o tyrant_n look_v be_v from_o his_o stable_a purpose_n shake_v second_o i_o say_v if_o a_o matter_n be_v extort_a by_o force_n or_o prevalent_a fear_n which_o be_v neither_o unlawful_a nor_o injurious_a to_o any_o man_n but_o more_o or_o less_o inconvenient_a only_o unto_o the_o party_n swear_v as_o if_o a_o traveller_n fall_v among_o thief_n who_o with_o their_o sword_n at_o his_o breast_n shall_v threaten_v he_o death_n unless_o he_o swear_v unto_o they_o to_o ransom_n his_o life_n with_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n the_o party_n may_v in_o this_o case_n lawful_o promise_v the_o money_n and_o ratify_v the_o promise_n with_o a_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o of_o two_o ill_n propose_v a_o man_n may_v and_o a_o wise_a man_n ought_v to_o use_v the_o less_o and_o the_o loss_n of_o money_n be_v a_o less_o ill_a than_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n three_o i_o say_v that_o this_o oath_n oblige_v and_o that_o the_o money_n promise_v unto_o the_o thief_n be_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v pay_v which_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v say_v sufficient_o manifest_a yet_o because_o this_o assertion_n have_v considerable_a adversary_n and_o among_o they_o cicero_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a judgement_n and_o as_o right_o principled_a in_o all_o that_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n this_o one_o thing_n except_v as_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o gentile_a it_o will_v not_o be_v wide_a of_o our_o purpose_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n with_o some_o reason_n first_o therefore_o he_o who_o swear_v a_o lawful_a and_o possible_a thing_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o but_o to_o pay_v money_n promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n be_v neither_o unlawful_a nor_o impossible_a therefore_o he_o be_v bouâ—d_v second_o he_o choose_v that_o which_o then_o seem_v unto_o he_o best_o and_o which_o if_o one_o of_o the_o two_o be_v now_o necessary_o to_o be_v take_v by_o he_o he_o will_v choose_v again_o wherefore_o it_o seem_v that_o what_o be_v prudent_o choose_v can_v honest_o be_v refuse_v three_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v to_o a_o certain_a end_n aught_o by_o the_o party_n promise_v to_o be_v perform_v when_o he_o have_v obtain_v his_o end_n because_o every_o contract_n upon_o condition_n that_o condition_n be_v perform_v ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v the_o very_a basis_n whereupon_o the_o obligation_n of_o conditional_a vow_n be_v