Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	bind_v	law_n	obligation_n	1,168	5	9.4651	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60883	The security of English-mens lives, or, The trust, power, and duty of the grand jurys of England explaining according to the fundamentals of the English government, and the declarations of the same made in Parliament by many statutes / published for the prevention of popish designs against the lives of many Protestant lords and commoners who stand firm to the religion and ancient government of England.	Somers, John Somers, Baron, 1651-1716.	1681 (1681)	Wing S4643; ESTC R33648	56,152	169

dare_v not_o rely_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o kingly_a office_n and_o trust_v for_o safety_n and_o protection_n by_o the_o law_n our_o english_a history_n afford_v many_o instance_n of_o those_o that_o have_v pretend_v to_o serve_v our_o king_n in_o this_o manner_n by_o undermine_v the_o people_n right_a and_o liberty_n who_o practice_n have_v sometime_o prove_v of_o fatal_a consequence_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o but_o more_o frequent_o end_v in_o their_o own_o destruction_n but_o after_o all_o imagine_v it_o can_v be_v make_v out_o that_o this_o method_n of_o private_a examination_n by_o a_o grand_a jury_n which_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o have_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o extreme_o necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o to_o every_o private_a man_n security_n be_v inconvenient_a or_o mischievous_a and_o therefore_o fit_a to_o be_v change_v yet_o be_v so_o essential_a a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o alterable_a than_o by_o parliament_n we_o find_v by_o precedent_n that_o the_o bare_a form_n of_o indictment_n can_v not_o be_v reform_v by_o the_o judge_n the_o word_n depopulatores_fw-la agrorum_fw-la insidiatores_fw-la viarum_fw-la viet_fw-la armis_fw-la baculis_fw-la cultellis_fw-la arcubus_fw-la &_o sagittis_fw-la can_v not_o be_v leave_v out_o but_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o parliament_n a_o write_v issue_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ed._n 3._o give_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v offence_n and_o all_o the_o justice_n resolve_v cok._n 4._o inst_z pag._n 164._o that_o they_o can_v not_o lawful_o act_v have_v their_o authority_n by_o writ_n where_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v it_o by_o commission_n though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o form_n and_o word_n that_o the_o legal_a commission_n ought_v to_o be_v john_n knivett_n chief_a justice_n by_o advice_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n resolve_v that_o the_o say_v write_v be_v contra_fw-la legem_fw-la and_o where_o divers_a indictment_n be_v before_o they_o find_v against_o t._n s._n the_o same_o &_o all_o that_o be_v do_v by_o colour_n of_o that_o writ_n be_v damn_v if_o in_o such_o seem_a little_a thing_n as_o these_o and_o many_o other_o that_o may_v be_v instance_a the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o intrust_v the_o judge_n but_o reserve_v the_o consideration_n of_o they_o to_o the_o legislative_a power_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v subject_v to_o the_o discretion_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o judge_n those_o important_a point_n in_o the_o establish_v course_n of_o the_o administer_a justice_n whereupon_o depend_v the_o safety_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n life_n and_o fortune_n if_o judge_n will_v take_v upon_o themselves_o to_o alter_v the_o constant_a practice_n they_o must_v either_o alter_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n or_o continue_v it_o if_o they_o shall_v alter_v it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o sail_v with_o any_o such_o new_a method_n and_o thus_o in_o appearance_n charitable_o provide_v that_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v not_o take_v a_o mock_n oath_n or_o forswear_v themselves_o they_o then_o make_v a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o parliament_n who_o only_o can_v make_v new_a or_o change_v old_a legal_a oath_n and_o all_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o will_v be_v void_a if_o they_o shall_v continue_v constant_o to_o impose_v the_o same_o oath_n as_o well_o when_o they_o have_v notice_n from_o the_o king_n that_o the_o jury_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v his_o secret_n and_o their_o own_o as_o when_o they_o have_v none_o they_o must_v assume_v to_o make_v the_o same_o form_n of_o law_n to_o be_v of_o force_n and_o no_o force_n and_o the_o same_o word_n to_o bind_v the_o conscience_n as_o they_o will_v have_v they_o whereby_o they_o will_v profane_v the_o natural_a religion_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o bring_v a_o foul_a scandal_n upon_o christianity_n by_o trifle_v worse_o than_o heathen_n in_o that_o sacred_a matter_n and_o whilst_o the_o judge_n find_v themselves_o under_o the_o necessity_n of_o administer_a the_o oath_n unto_o grand_a jury_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o observe_v it_o according_a unto_o their_o conscience_n they_o will_v confess_v the_o illegality_n of_o their_o own_o proceed_n and_o can_v never_o be_v able_a to_o repair_v the_o breach_n by_o pretend_v a_o tacit_a implication_n if_o the_o king_n will_v but_o must_v unavoidable_o fall_v under_o that_o approve_a maxim_n of_o our_o law_n maledicta_fw-la est_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la quae_fw-la corrumpit_fw-la textum_fw-la it_o be_v a_o curse_a interpretation_n that_o dissolve_v the_o text._n there_o be_v two_o vulgar_a error_n concern_v the_o duty_n of_o grand_a jury_n which_o if_o not_o remove_v will_n in_o time_n destroy_v all_o the_o benefit_n we_o can_v expect_v from_o that_o constitution_n by_o turn_v they_o into_o a_o mere_a matter_n of_o form_n which_o be_v design_v for_o so_o great_a ends._n many_o have_v of_o late_a thought_n and_o affirm_v it_o for_o law_n that_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v neither_o to_o make_v so_o strict_a inquiry_n into_o matter_n before_o they_o nor_o to_o look_v for_o so_o clear_a evidence_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n but_o that_o of_o their_o presentment_n be_v to_o pass_v a_o second_o examination_n they_o ought_v to_o indict_v upon_o a_o superficial_a inquiry_n and_o bare_a probability_n whereas_o shall_v either_o of_o these_o opinion_n be_v admit_v the_o prejudice_n to_o the_o subject_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o total_a lay_v aside_o grand_a jury_n there_o be_v in_o truth_n no_o difference_n between_o arraign_v without_o any_o presentment_n from_o they_o at_o all_o and_o their_o present_v upon_o slight_a ground_n for_o the_o first_o that_o grand_a jury_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v so_o strict_a inquiry_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o we_o may_v know_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o oath_n shall_v be_v obligatory_a unto_o a_o petit_fw-fr jury_n and_o not_o unto_o the_o grand_a or_o in_o what_o point_n they_o may_v lawful_o and_o with_o good_a conscience_n omit_v that_o exactness_n whether_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o witness_n and_o their_o credibility_n or_o the_o fact_n and_o all_o its_o circumstance_n or_o the_o testimony_n and_o its_o weight_n or_o last_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o prisoner_n and_o probability_n of_o his_o guilt_n and_o withal_o upon_o what_o ground_n of_o law_n or_o reason_v their_o opinion_n be_v found_v on_o the_o contrary_n he_o that_o will_v consider_v either_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v or_o the_o commission_n where_o their_o duty_n be_v describe_v will_v find_v in_o all_o point_n that_o there_o lie_v a_o equal_a obligation_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o petit_fw-fr juries_n they_o swear_v diligent_o to_o inquire_v and_o true_a presentment_n make_v etc._n etc._n and_o to_o present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n &_o terminer_n their_o duty_n with_o that_o of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v thus_o describe_v ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la etc._n etc._n per_fw-la quos_fw-la rei_fw-la veritas_fw-la melius_fw-la sciri_fw-la poterit_fw-la de_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la proditionibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n confoederationibus_fw-la falsis_fw-la allegantiis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la accessoriis_fw-la eorundem_fw-la etc._n etc._n per_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la &_o qualitercunque_fw-la habit_n fact_n perpetrat_fw-la sive_fw-la commiss_n et_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la et_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la cvi_fw-la vel_fw-la quibus_fw-la quando_fw-la qualiter_fw-la vel_fw-la quomodo_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la articulis_fw-la &_o circumstantiis_fw-la praemis_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la vel_fw-la aliqua_fw-la qualitercunque_fw-la concernen_fw-ge to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o honest_a and_o lawful_a man_n etc._n etc._n by_o who_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v best_a know_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n confederacy_n false_a testimony_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o accessory_n etc._n etc._n by_o whosoever_o or_o howsoever_o do_v perpetrate_v or_o commit_v by_o who_o or_o to_o who_o how_o in_o what_o way_n or_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o of_o other_o article_n and_o circumstance_n premise_v and_o of_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o thing_n howsoever_o concern_v the_o same_o now_o for_o any_o man_n after_o this_o to_o maintain_v that_o grand_a jury_n be_v not_o to_o inquire_v or_o not_o careful_o be_v as_o much_o as_o in_o plain_a term_n to_o say_v they_o be_v bind_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o commission_n and_o their_o oath_n and_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n according_a to_o the_o obligation_n of_o law_n and_o conscience_n which_o they_o lie_v under_o without_o a_o strict_a inquiry_n into_o particular_n be_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o end_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o the_o mean_n necessary_a unto_o it_o the_o truth_n be_v

their_o go_n such_o aught_o to_o be_v their_o speed_n to_o make_v know_v the_o treason_n or_o if_o in_o any_o case_n they_o be_v otherwise_o open_o flagitious_a though_o they_o be_v not_o legal_o infamous_a or_o if_o they_o be_v man_n of_o desperate_a fortune_n so_o that_o the_o temptation_n of_o want_n be_v manifest_o strong_a upon_o they_o and_o the_o restraint_n of_o conscience_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o what_o ever_o they_o say_v be_v at_o least_o to_o be_v hear_v with_o extraordinary_a caution_n if_o not_o total_o reject_v in_o scotland_n such_o a_o degree_n of_o poverty_n 26.3_o s._n g._n mack●zy_n crim._n law_n lib._n 26.3_o that_o a_o witness_n can_v swear_v himself_o to_o be_v worth_a ten_o pound_n be_v sufficient_a to_o lay_v he_o aside_o whole_o in_o these_o high_a concernment_n of_o criminal_a case_n and_o in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n to_o be_v a_o loose_a liver_n be_v a_o objection_n of_o the_o same_o force_n against_o any_o produce_v for_o witness_n and_o for_o the_o better_a discovery_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o fact_n in_o question_n the_o credit_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o testimony_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o grand_a inquest_n to_o be_v well_o inform_v concern_v the_o party_n indict_v of_o their_o usual_a residence_n their_o estate_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v their_o companion_n and_o friend_n with_o who_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o converse_v such_o knowledge_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o good_a judgement_n upon_o most_o accusation_n but_o most_o of_o all_o in_o suspicion_n or_o indictment_n of_o secret_a treason_n or_o treasonable_a word_n where_o the_o accuser_n can_v be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o it_o be_v altogether_o incredible_a that_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o testify_v shall_v come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n sometime_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o accuse_a person_n may_v set_v he_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o witness_n that_o he_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v converse_v with_o they_o familiar_o if_o his_o wisdom_n and_o conduct_n have_v be_v always_o such_o that_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a he_o will_v trust_v man_n so_o inconsiderable_a or_o mere_a stranger_n to_o he_o and_o such_o as_o be_v whole_o uncapable_a to_o assist_v in_o the_o design_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o discover_v can_v the_o grand_a inquest_n believe_v such_o testimony_n to_o be_v of_o any_o value_n or_o can_v they_o avoid_v suspect_v malice_n combination_n and_o subornation_n in_o such_o a_o case_n or_o can_v they_o show_v themselves_o to_o be_v just_a and_o conscientious_a in_o their_o duty_n if_o they_o do_v not_o suspend_v their_o verdict_n until_o further_a enquiry_n and_o write_v ignoramus_n upon_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v undoubted_o law_n which_o we_o find_v report_v in_o style_n 11._o stiles_n repor_fw-la 11._o that_o though_o there_o be_v witness_n who_o prove_v the_o bill_n yet_o the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o find_v it_o if_o they_o see_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n now_o to_o make_v their_o enquiry_n more_o instrumental_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n they_o be_v enjoin_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o keep_v secret_a the_o king_n counsel_n their_o fellow_n and_o their_o own_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o understand_v or_o consider_v what_o duty_n be_v enjoin_v to_o every_o man_n of_o a_o grand_a inquest_n by_o this_o clause_n of_o their_o oath_n be_v seldom_o if_o ever_o explain_v to_o they_o in_o the_o general_a charge_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o session_n or_o assize_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v apprehend_v what_o counsel_n of_o the_o king_n be_v trust_v with_o they_o certain_o there_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v much_o more_o of_o it_o communicate_v to_o they_o than_o be_v common_o think_v and_o in_o thing_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n to_o they_o aught_o to_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o several_a county_n where_o any_o prosecution_n be_v begin_v the_o first_o information_n and_o suspicion_n of_o all_o treason_n murder_n felony_n conspiracy_n and_o other_o crime_n which_o may_v subvert_v the_o government_n endanger_v or_o hurt_v the_o king_n or_o destroy_v the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o the_o innocent_a people_n or_o any_o way_n disquiet_a or_o disturb_v the_o common_a peace_n our_o law_n intend_v the_o council_n of_o the_o king_n to_o be_v continual_o upon_o the_o protection_n and_o security_n of_o the_o people_n and_o prevention_n of_o all_o their_o mischief_n and_o danger_n by_o wicked_a lawless_a and_o injurious_a man_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o be_v advise_v how_o to_o right_v his_o wrong_a subject_n in_o general_a if_o the_o public_a safety_n be_v hazard_v by_o treason_n of_o any_o kind_n or_o their_o relation_n snatch_v from_o they_o by_o murderer_n or_o any_o way_n destroy_v by_o malicious_a conspirator_n in_o form_n of_o law_n or_o their_o estate_n take_v away_o by_o robbery_n and_o thief_n or_o the_o peace_n break_v and_o for_o these_o end_n to_o bring_v to_o exemplary_a justice_n all_o offender_n to_o deter_v other_o from_o the_o like_a wickedness_n and_o until_o these_o counsel_n of_o the_o king_n come_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n he_o can_v bring_v no_o such_o criminal_n to_o judgement_n or_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o accusation_n and_o suggestion_n against_o they_o hence_o it_o become_v unavoidable_o necessary_a to_o reveal_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n all_o that_o have_v be_v discover_v to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n judge_n or_o justice_n concern_v any_o treason_n or_o other_o offence_n whereof_o any_o man_n be_v accuse_v and_o where_o suspicion_n have_v cause_v any_o to_o be_v imprison_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o suspicion_n ought_v to_o be_v open_v concern_v the_o principal_n and_o the_o accessory_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o fact_n all_o the_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n that_o may_v induce_v a_o belief_n of_o their_o gild_n and_o all_o notice_n whatsoever_o which_o may_v enable_v the_o jury_n to_o make_v a_o more_o exact_a and_o effectual_a enquiry_n and_o to_o present_v the_o whole_a truth_n they_o themselves_o will_v not_o only_o be_v offender_n against_o god_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o oath_n but_o subject_a to_o legal_a punishment_n if_o they_o know_o conceal_v any_o criminal_n and_o leave_v they_o unpresented_a and_o none_o can_v be_v innocent_a who_o shall_v conceal_v from_o they_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v help_v and_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o duty_n the_o first_o notice_n of_o crime_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o criminal_n by_o whosoever_o bring_v in_o and_o the_o intention_n of_o search_v they_o out_o and_o prosecute_a they_o legal_o be_v call_v the_o king_n counsel_n because_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o execute_v justice_n be_v entrust_v to_o he_o and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v prosecute_v at_o his_o suit_n and_o in_o his_o name_n and_o such_o proceed_n be_v call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v easy_o conclude_v that_o the_o king_n counsel_n which_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v secret_a include_v all_o the_o person_n offer_v to_o they_o to_o be_v indict_v and_o all_o the_o matter_n bring_v in_o evidence_n before_o they_o all_o circumstance_n whatsoever_o whereof_o they_o be_v inform_v which_o may_v any_o way_n conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o offence_n all_o intimation_n give_v they_o of_o abettor_n and_o encourager_n of_o treason_n felony_n or_o perjury_n and_o conspiracy_n or_o of_o the_o receiver_n harbourer_n nourisher_n and_o concealer_n of_o such_o criminal_n likewise_o the_o oath_n which_o enjoin_v the_o counsel_n of_o their_o fellow_n and_o their_o own_o to_o be_v keep_v imply_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v any_o of_o their_o personal_a knowledge_n concern_v offence_n or_o offender_n nor_o their_o intention_n to_o indict_v any_o man_n thereupon_o nor_o any_o of_o the_o proposal_n and_o advice_n among_o they_o of_o way_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o matter_n before_o they_o either_o about_o the_o crime_n themselves_o or_o the_o accuser_n and_o witness_n or_o the_o party_n accuse_v nor_o the_o debate_n thereupon_o among_o themselves_o nor_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinionin_n any_o case_n before_o they_o certain_o this_o duty_n of_o secrecy_n concern_v the_o king_n counsel_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o grand_a inquest_n with_o great_a reason_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a good_a it_o be_v intend_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o several_a case_n will_v afford_v to_o make_v effectual_a inquiry_n after_o criminal_n to_o offer_v they_o to_o justice_n if_o pack_n of_o thief_n private_a murderer_n secret_a traitor_n or_o conspirator_n and_o suborner_n can_v get_v intelligence_n of_o all_o that_o be_v know_v of_o their_o villainy_n all_o the_o party_n concern_v may_v