heir_n but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n which_o be_v the_o high_a breach_n of_o fealty_n after_o legal_a conviction_n of_o the_o traitor_n the_o fee_n be_v for_o ever_o forfeit_v and_o all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n be_v absolute_o at_o the_o king_n disposal_n and_o though_o a_o statute_n be_v make_v 25_o ed._n iii_o to_o determine_v what_o be_v precise_o treason_n yet_o this_o be_v only_o declarative_a of_o what_o be_v true_o treason_n by_o the_o feudal_n law_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o hence_o it_o appear_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o fealty_n whence_o the_o subject_n be_v call_v fideles_fw-la &_o ligii_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o from_o which_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n derive_v their_o birth_n and_o original_a 7._o as_o the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v appropriate_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o be_v it_o also_o at_o length_n enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o subjection_n which_o not_o only_o they_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o fee_n but_o also_o every_o individual_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king._n thus_o zouch_v out_o of_o duarenus_n the_o fidelity_n descrip_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o sovereign_n consuet_n be_v by_o the_o feudist_n call_v ligeance_n and_o as_o many_o as_o live_v within_o his_o dominion_n be_v style_v liege-man_n who_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o sovereign_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o estate_n 2._o but_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n and_o his_o protection_n of_o they_o the_o reason_n then_o why_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v call_v the_o king_n liege-man_n be_v because_o their_o person_n be_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o protection_n they_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o pay_v due_a fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n of_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n case_n be_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n distinguish_v 1._o into_o natural_a ligeance_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v original_o due_a by_o nature_n and_o birthright_n and_o 2._o legal_a ligeance_n so_o call_v because_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n prescribe_v the_o form_n and_o order_n of_o it_o and_o this_o say_v he_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n require_v upon_o oath_n at_o the_o leet_n this_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n in_o his_o institutes_n he_o say_v express_o be_v the_o same_o with_o homagium_fw-la ligeum_fw-la which_o he_o thus_o define_v in_o calvin_n case_n quod_fw-la soli_fw-la regi_fw-la debetur_fw-la sine_fw-la servitio_fw-la and_o oppose_v it_o to_o homagium_fw-la feudale_n homagium_fw-la which_o have_v its_o original_n by_o tenure_n and_o to_o this_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n seem_v to_o agree_v who_o tell_v we_o that_o liege_n or_o sovereign_a homage_n be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o king_n in_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o they_o both_o differ_v herein_o from_o the_o feudist_n who_o define_v homage_n to_o be_v sponsionem_fw-la fidelitatis_fw-la propter_fw-la tenuram_fw-la 3._o and_o from_o our_o ancient_a lawyer_n who_o do_v intimate_v that_o liege_n homage_n be_v make_v unto_o private_a person_n also_o 8._o the_o word_n ligeance_n be_v yet_o further_o in_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n enlarge_v to_o denote_v the_o duty_n not_o of_o natural_a subject_n only_o but_o also_o of_o denizen_n and_o alien_n thus_o we_o be_v inform_v likewise_o in_o calvin_n case_n that_o beside_o natural_a ligeance_n there_o be_v also_o ligeantia_fw-la acquisita_fw-la which_o be_v due_a by_o acquisition_n or_o denization_n and_o ligeantia_fw-la localis_fw-la and_o that_o be_v when_o a_o alien_a who_o be_v in_o amity_n come_v into_o england_n because_o he_o be_v then_o within_o the_o king_n protection_n he_o do_v therefore_o owe_v a_o local_a allegiance_n to_o he_o 9_o last_o allegiance_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o signification_n yet_o more_o general_a and_o extensive_a to_o express_v the_o mutual_a and_o reciprocal_a obligation_n between_o the_o liege_n sovereign_a and_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o sovereign_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o protection_n and_o just_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o they_o again_o to_o pay_v due_a fidelity_n and_o subjection_n to_o their_o sovereign_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v define_v in_o general_a by_o skene_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr expositione_n verborum_fw-la case_n who_o be_v herein_o follow_v by_o the_o lord_n coke_n ligeantia_fw-la and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n also_o it_o appear_v then_o in_o how_o great_a a_o latitude_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v take_v and_o how_o various_o it_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o express_v different_a obligation_n to_o different_a person_n the_o various_a signification_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v observe_v may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o six_o first_o it_o ancient_o denote_v the_o service_n and_o fidelity_n that_o any_o vassal_n owe_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o fee._n second_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o express_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o liege_n vassal_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n three_o it_o be_v then_o enlarge_v to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o every_o natural_a subject_n to_o his_o natural_a sovereign_n four_o it_o sometime_o signify_v that_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o the_o law_n require_v of_o every_o subject_a and_o be_v therefore_o call_v legal_a ligeance_n five_o it_o be_v say_v to_o express_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o foreigner_n as_o of_o a_o denizen_n and_o of_o a_o alien_n while_o he_o be_v in_o the_o realm_n and_o last_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o express_v the_o reciprocal_a obligation_n that_o be_v between_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n and_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o this_o last_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n 5._o we_o have_v already_o consider_v it_o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n for_o here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o subject_n only_o and_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o absurd_a than_o to_o say_v that_o when_o subject_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o king_n they_o do_v swear_v that_o he_o also_o shall_v discharge_v the_o obligation_n of_o a_o liege_n sovereign_n towards_o they_o so_o likewise_o when_o allegiance_n be_v apply_v to_o alien_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v show_v that_o it_o must_v signify_v only_o those_o branch_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o alien_n be_v bind_v to_o while_o he_o be_v in_o england_n viz._n conformity_n to_o the_o law_n and_o a_o obligation_n not_o to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o king_n while_o he_o be_v within_o his_o protection_n so_o also_o when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o denizen_n who_o be_v make_v free_a of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o not_o entitle_v to_o all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n it_o can_v then_o signify_v only_o those_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o a_o denizen_n be_v oblige_v to_o whatsoever_o they_o be_v for_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v diversify_v by_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o natural_a subject_n and_o a_o clerk_n a_o soldier_n and_o artificer_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o particular_a act_n of_o allegiance_n so_o likewise_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n must_v be_v determine_v by_o the_o different_a degree_n of_o subjection_n and_o therefore_o a_o natural_a subject_n who_o enjoy_v all_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o owe_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o subjection_n must_v be_v in_o reason_n oblige_v to_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n than_o a_o denizen_n who_o though_o he_o be_v to_o some_o intent_n incorporate_v into_o this_o kingdom_n be_v yet_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o another_o sovereign_n and_o he_o again_o be_v oblige_v to_o more_o than_o a_o alien_n who_o be_v only_o a_o subject_a in_o transitu_fw-la and_o enjoy_v nothing_o but_o protection_n from_o injury_n but_o we_o have_v now_o nothing_o to_o do_v with_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o foreigner_n allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o be_v require_v and_o impose_v upon_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v that_o which_o be_v due_a from_o natural_a subject_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v due_a from_o foreigner_n we_o be_v bind_v to_o honour_n god_n and_o the_o king_n and_o subordinate_a magistrate_n our_o spiritual_a ruler_n our_o parent_n all_o our_o superior_n and_o in_o some_o sense_n all_o our_o inferior_n honour_n be_v due_a to_o all_o these_o but_o in_o different_a kind_n and_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o duty_n as_o it_o be_v apply_v by_o different_a person_n to_o different_a object_n now_o
be_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n reciprocal_o bind_v to_o defend_v the_o honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o sovereign_n it_o may_v be_v understand_v likewise_o from_o the_o feudal_n law_n whereby_o the_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o from_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n also_o which_o oblige_v all_o the_o subject_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o king_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v this_o therefore_o be_v the_o defence_n to_o which_o capable_a person_n be_v swear_v in_o that_o abrogate_a oath_n and_o other_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v he_o that_o assistance_n which_o they_o be_v able_a everyone_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n in_o his_o respective_a capacity_n as_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v require_v thus_o have_v i_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o the_o several_a form_n of_o swear_a allegiance_n which_o have_v be_v successive_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o the_o whole_a i_o think_v it_o sufficient_o appear_v that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v always_o uniform_a and_o constant_a in_o oblige_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o allegiance_n that_o require_v not_o a_o peaceable_a subjection_n only_o but_o also_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n against_o all_o person_n and_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n and_o this_o be_v last_o include_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n also_o which_o be_v not_o so_o call_v mere_o because_o the_o person_n oblige_v by_o it_o be_v such_o as_o have_v their_o natural_a birth_n within_o the_o king_n dominion_n for_o person_n bear_v without_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v his_o natural_a subject_n as_o be_v the_o child_n of_o ambassador_n bear_v beyond_o sea_n case_n and_o the_o child_n of_o alien_n bear_v within_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o therefore_o natural_a subject_n of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o the_o mere_a circumstance_n of_o birth_n do_v not_o entitle_v any_o one_o to_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o natural_a subject_n nor_o consequent_o bind_v he_o to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v therefore_o call_v natural_a in_o our_o law_n because_o as_o great_a lawyer_n have_v affirm_v vaughan_n it_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o give_v the_o sovereign_a power_n a_o right_n to_o the_o allegiance_n of_o every_o one_o who_o be_v bear_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o it_o as_o every_o son_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_a to_o his_o parent_n and_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v to_o honour_n and_o obey_v assist_v and_o support_v they_o so_o also_o be_v he_o bear_v a_o member_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o by_o consequence_n a_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n of_o it_o and_o according_o by_o the_o same_o eternal_a law_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v all_o faithful_a service_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o capacity_n to_o perform_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n here_o i_o mean_v that_o light_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o direct_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n and_o this_o light_n when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o attend_v to_o and_o not_o darken_v with_o passion_n will_v clear_o show_v we_o how_o we_o shall_v demean_v ourselves_o in_o the_o several_a capacity_n and_o relation_n we_o stand_v in_o as_o it_o show_v we_o what_o obedience_n and_o fidelity_n a_o servant_n owe_v to_o his_o master_n a_o wife_n to_o her_o husband_n and_o a_o son_n to_o his_o father_n so_o it_o plain_o direct_v we_o what_o duty_n every_o member_n of_o a_o civil_a community_n owe_v to_o the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o it_o and_o that_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n direct_v we_o to_o pay_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o he_o viz._n a_o active_a assistance_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n be_v evident_a both_o from_o reason_n and_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n and_o practice_n of_o almost_o all_o civilise_a mankind_n the_o two_o only_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o first_o it_o seem_v evident_a from_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o because_o such_o assistance_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o head_n of_o the_o community_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a body_n also_o for_o to_o every_o political_a body_n a_o sovereign_a head_n be_v so_o essential_a as_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o exist_v without_o it_o and_o therefore_o since_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o all_o man_n do_v dictate_v the_o necessity_n of_o enter_v into_o society_n it_o must_v likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o necessity_n of_o contribute_v their_o actual_a assistance_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o society_n and_o consequent_o of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o very_o be_v of_o they_o 2._o because_o every_o subject_a have_v receive_v actual_a protection_n and_o in_o effect_v his_o very_a life_n and_o be_v from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n for_o not_o only_a property_n and_o all_o the_o blessing_n of_o it_o but_o the_o conservation_n of_o even_a life_n itself_o be_v derive_v from_o civil_a government_n and_o therefore_o both_o justice_n and_o gratitude_n do_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v all_o we_o can_v to_o preserve_v the_o be_v and_o the_o right_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n from_o which_o we_o derive_v our_o own_o our_o parent_n be_v the_o instrument_n of_o our_o natural_a production_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o be_v ever_o oblige_v â—o_o honour_n and_o support_v they_o though_o they_o prove_v never_o so_o unnatural_a to_o we_o because_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o have_v receive_v our_o be_v from_o they_o and_o the_o obligation_n of_o that_o benefit_n will_v last_v as_o long_o as_o our_o life_n such_o be_v our_o obligation_n to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n we_o have_v receive_v our_o life_n and_o property_n from_o it_o and_o it_o will_v be_v always_o true_a that_o we_o owe_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o become_v never_o so_o tyrannical_a still_o the_o obligation_n of_o obey_v and_o assist_v it_o will_v remain_v our_o gratitude_n must_v continue_v as_o long_o as_o we_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n and_o civil_a oppression_n can_v no_o more_o absolve_v subject_n from_o their_o allegiance_n than_o domestic_a cruelty_n can_v discharge_v child_n from_o the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n 3._o it_o may_v be_v prove_v also_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v certain_o found_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o the_o grand_a fundamental_a rule_n of_o justice_n be_v these_o that_o we_o do_v to_o other_o as_o we_o will_v be_v do_v to_o our_o self_n and_o that_o we_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o due_a and_o by_o both_o these_o equitable_a rule_n all_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o support_v their_o sovereign_n by_o the_o former_a because_o every_o subject_a do_v expect_v a_o actual_a protection_n of_o his_o person_n and_o property_n from_o the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o that_o when_o he_o be_v disable_v from_o contribute_v his_o assistance_n to_o support_v it_o and_o therefore_o he_o be_v bind_v in_o equity_n to_o give_v the_o like_a assistance_n to_o his_o sovereign_n in_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o even_o when_o he_o can_v actual_o exert_v his_o power_n for_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v also_o due_a by_o the_o latter_a because_o the_o sovereign_n have_v a_o right_a to_o such_o assistance_n of_o his_o subject_n i_o will_v not_o here_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o that_o be_v the_o thing_n which_o i_o be_o prove_v but_o by_o the_o positive_a civil_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n require_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o right_n and_o that_o be_v true_o a_o man_n right_a which_o be_v such_o by_o a_o politic_a law_n and_o therefore_o since_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o the_o political_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o their_o subject_n to_o deny_v it_o they_o be_v a_o violation_n not_o only_o of_o those_o law_n but_o even_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n also_o but_o 4._o there_o be_v yet_o a_o high_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o respect_v the_o author_n of_o all_o sovereignty_n for_o even_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n do_v teach_v we_o that_o a_o infinite_a be_v make_v the_o world_n and_o that_o he_o still_o govern_v it_o that_o from_o he_o all_o lawful_a dominion_n be_v derive_v and_o that_o king_n be_v his_o minister_n and_o vicegerent_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o infer_v that_o every_o subject_a be_v bind_v not_o only_o to_o submit_v but_o also_o to_o support_v and_o defend_v they_o because_o it_o be_v every_o man_n
it_o will_v be_v a_o gross_a absurdity_n when_o we_o be_v command_v to_o honour_n god_n or_o the_o king_n to_o interpret_v it_o of_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o honour_n as_o be_v due_a to_o a_o parish_n priest_n a_o constable_n or_o a_o beggar_n because_o honour_n be_v due_a respective_o to_o every_o one_o of_o these_o so_o it_o be_v equal_o absurd_a when_o allegiance_n be_v universal_o require_v of_o all_o the_o natural_a subject_n because_o the_o word_n be_v sometime_o take_v in_o a_o low_a sense_n when_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o alien_n to_o argue_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o law_n which_o require_v allegiance_n from_o all_o natural_a subject_n require_v no_o more_o than_o a_o alien_n be_v bind_v to_o to_o argue_v thus_o be_v at_o once_o to_o do_v violence_n to_o common_a sense_n and_o language_n for_o as_o no_o one_o that_o understand_v either_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o precept_n which_o enjoin_v son_n to_o honour_v their_o parent_n require_v less_o than_o filial_a duty_n and_o obedience_n though_o the_o word_n honour_n often_o signify_v less_o so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v reasonable_o imagine_v that_o allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n impose_v do_v signify_v less_o than_o all_o that_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o a_o natural_a subject_n owe_v to_o his_o natural_a sovereign_n though_o the_o word_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o alien_n may_v sometime_o signify_v less_o but_o however_o if_o allegiance_n must_v needs_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n as_o if_o by_o the_o force_n of_o that_o word_n we_o be_v oblige_v to_o no_o more_o than_o what_o even_o a_o alien_n may_v swear_v to_o perform_v yet_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o even_o the_o local_a allegiance_n which_o a_o alien_n owe_v to_o the_o king_n in_o who_o dominion_n he_o be_v do_v at_o the_o least_o oblige_v he_o not_o to_o attempt_v against_o his_o crown_n and_o dignity_n as_o long_o as_o he_o reside_v in_o those_o dominion_n whereas_o he_o who_o conceive_v his_o oath_n to_o k._n j._n to_o be_v still_o obligatory_a must_v consequent_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o attempt_v the_o dethron_n of_o the_o k._n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o can_v therefore_o swear_v even_o a_o local_a allegiance_n to_o he_o it_o remain_v then_o to_o consider_v the_o other_o application_n of_o the_o word_n allegiance_n which_o be_v all_o reducible_a to_o these_o two_o that_o allegiance_n which_o be_v require_v of_o those_o who_o hold_v land_n in_o fee_n and_o that_o which_o be_v require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n in_o general_a which_o be_v also_o distinguish_v into_o legal_a and_o natural_a allegiance_n and_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o allegiance_n be_v not_o thus_o distinguish_v because_o they_o import_v different_a duty_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o different_a ground_n from_o whence_o their_o obligation_n be_v derive_v for_o i_o shall_v produce_v undeniable_a proof_n that_o they_o do_v all_o concur_v in_o oblige_v we_o to_o the_o same_o duty_n and_o that_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o evince_v be_v this_o that_o allegiance_n in_o those_o several_a acceptation_n do_v import_v not_o only_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o usurper_n with_o a_o reservation_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o lawful_a king_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o low_a nor_o yet_o a_o mere_a peaceable_a neutrality_n which_o may_v make_v a_o middle_a construction_n but_o that_o it_o always_o import_v a_o obligation_n to_o defend_v our_o sovereign_n crown_n and_o dignity_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n and_o never_o to_o give_v any_o assistance_n or_o support_v to_o any_o of_o his_o enemy_n against_o he_o as_o the_o first_o and_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n explain_v it_o and_o first_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o obligation_n of_o feudal_n allegiance_n it_o be_v requisite_a to_o inquire_v into_o that_o fidelity_n which_o every_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o his_o lord_n and_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o it_o oblige_v he_o not_o only_o to_o abstinence_n from_o all_o injury_n but_o also_o to_o a_o active_a and_o vigorous_a assistance_n of_o he_o this_o be_v abundant_o evident_a from_o the_o feudal_n book_n annex_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n out_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v produce_v some_o demonstrative_a proof_n to_o evince_v it_o at_o the_o investiture_n of_o a_o fee_n the_o vassal_n be_v to_o swear_v fidelity_n in_o this_o form_n 7._o ego_fw-la titius_n juro_fw-la super_fw-la haec_fw-la sancta_fw-la dei_fw-la evangelia_n quod_fw-la ab_fw-la hâc_fw-la horâ_fw-la in_o antâ—a_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ultimum_fw-la diem_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la ero_fw-la fidelis_fw-la tibi_fw-la cato_n domino_fw-la meo_fw-la contra_fw-la omnem_fw-la hominem_fw-la exceptô_o imperatore_n vel_fw-la rege_fw-la and_o there_o follow_v in_o the_o law_n a_o explanation_n of_o the_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n i_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v never_o be_v in_o counsel_n or_o aid_v against_o the_o life_n person_n or_o honour_n of_o you_o my_o lord_n and_o if_o any_o such_o design_n shall_v come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n i_o will_v discover_v it_o to_o you_o as_o 〈◊〉_d as_o may_v be_v and_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v you_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o my_o power_n and_o if_o you_o shall_v chance_v to_o be_v unjust_o deprive_v of_o any_o thing_n i_o will_v aid_v you_o to_o recover_v it_o and_o if_o you_o make_v a_o just_a offensive_a war_n upon_o any_o one_o i_o will_v be_v ready_a upon_o due_a summons_n with_o all_o my_o might_n to_o assist_v you_o these_o be_v the_o particularity_n which_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v express_o provide_v 6._o that_o the_o vassal_n shall_v give_v his_o counsel_n and_o assistance_n to_o his_o lord_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o life_n and_o honour_n his_o fortress_n and_o possession_n because_o say_v that_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o abstain_v from_o injury_n unless_o actual_a good_a service_n be_v perform_v also_o another_o proof_n hereof_o may_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o assist_v his_o lord_n in_o his_o war_n 4._o hotoman_n observe_v that_o in_o the_o feudal_n law_n vassal_n be_v common_o call_v soldier_n and_o that_o ancient_o none_o but_o such_o be_v capable_a of_o land_n in_o fee_n because_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o feudal_n service_n be_v pure_o military_a according_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o those_o law_n vult_fw-la that_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v his_o lord_n in_o his_o offensive_a war_n if_o he_o know_v they_o to_o be_v just_a or_o if_o he_o only_o doubt_v of_o the_o justice_n of_o they_o but_o if_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o unjust_a even_o than_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o assist_v he_o in_o his_o necessary_a defence_n but_o not_o also_o in_o the_o unjust_a invasion_n of_o other_o and_o last_o if_o the_o vassal_n upon_o due_a summons_n refuse_v to_o give_v his_o assistance_n if_o he_o desert_v his_o lord_n in_o the_o time_n of_o battle_n 28._o if_o he_o do_v not_o discover_v all_o design_n against_o his_o life_n honour_n and_o estate_n that_o come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o much_o more_o if_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o destruction_n or_o disherison_n of_o his_o lord_n there_o be_v express_v provision_n that_o in_o such_o and_o other_o case_n he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o tenure_n for_o his_o treachery_n and_o ingratitude_n it_o be_v necessary_a here_o to_o observe_v that_o the_o same_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o his_o lord_n which_o be_v require_v by_o the_o imperial_a feudal_n law_n be_v also_o admit_v and_o exact_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n 9_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o glanville_n that_o the_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o assist_v his_o lord_n in_o his_o war_n 1._o and_o if_o he_o hold_v of_o more_o than_o one_o to_o fight_v in_o his_o person_n with_o his_o capital_a lord_n even_o against_o his_o other_o lord_n in_o case_n he_o be_v so_o require_v every_o one_o know_v that_o there_o be_v ancient_o several_a tenor_n among_o we_o which_o be_v pure_o military_a and_o though_o tenor_n upon_o condition_n of_o service_n pure_o civil_a be_v also_o introduce_v such_o as_o soccage_n and_o other_o yet_o even_o in_o these_o the_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v homage_n and_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o from_o that_o ancient_a form_n of_o homage_n which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o statute_n book_n and_o in_o bracton_n fleta_n and_o littleton_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o vassal_n be_v not_o only_o oblige_v to_o a_o negative_a fidelity_n which_o consist_v in_o abstain_v from_o injury_n but_o also_o to_o positive_a service_n and_o assistance_n of_o he_o the_o form_n run_v
thus_o i_o become_v your_o man_n from_o this_o day_n forward_o of_o life_n and_o limb_n and_o unto_o you_o shall_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a and_o bear_v you_o faith_n for_o the_o tenement_n that_o i_o claim_v to_o hold_v of_o you_o save_v the_o faith_n which_o i_o owe_v unto_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king._n the_o lord_n coke_n in_o his_o institutes_n give_v we_o this_o exposition_n of_o it_o 1._o foial_a and_o loâ—al_a which_o be_v word_n equivalent_a to_o faithful_a and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n before_o we_o these_o word_n be_v of_o great_a extent_n for_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o lord_n counsel_n in_o whatsoever_o be_v honest_a and_o profitable_a omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la debet_fw-la fidem_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la vitâ_fw-la &_o membris_fw-la suis_fw-la &_o terrenô_o honorê_n &_o observatione_fw-la consilii_fw-la svi_fw-la per_fw-la honestum_fw-la &_o utile_fw-la comprehend_v in_o these_o word_n foial_a and_o loyal_a i_o become_v your_o man_n of_o life_n and_o limb._n therefore_o he_o must_v never_o be_v arm_v against_o or_o opposite_a to_o his_o lord_n but_o both_o his_o life_n and_o member_n must_v be_v ready_a for_o the_o lawful_a defence_n of_o his_o lord_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o show_v that_o by_o the_o feudal_n law_n as_o it_o be_v receive_v in_o england_n every_o vassal_n be_v oblige_v to_o a_o active_a fidelity_n and_o assistance_n of_o his_o lord_n where_o fore_n 2._o if_o this_o be_v the_o obligation_n of_o every_o vassal_n to_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o possible_a for_o man_n of_o sense_n to_o imagine_v that_o a_o low_a degree_n of_o fidelity_n be_v due_a to_o a_o sovereign_a lord_n who_o have_v a_o double_a right_n to_o the_o service_n of_o his_o vassal_n a_o property_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o a_o jurisdiction_n over_o their_o person_n have_v the_o law_n ordain_v that_o the_o servant_n shall_v be_v above_o his_o master_n and_o the_o subject_a above_o his_o sovereign_n have_v it_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o leave_v the_o sovereign_n defenceless_a give_v the_o one_o a_o right_a to_o the_o utmost_a service_n of_o his_o vassal_n and_o oblige_v the_o other_o to_o be_v content_a with_o a_o peaceable_a indifferency_n and_o a_o cold_a neutrality_n or_o last_o can_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o sovereign_a prince_n who_o enact_v or_o introduce_v these_o law_n do_v intend_v that_o their_o own_o subject_n shall_v have_v such_o a_o superiority_n above_o themselves_o in_o the_o fidelity_n of_o their_o vassal_n this_o sure_o must_v be_v necessary_o false_a as_o it_o be_v plain_o irrational_a and_o to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v so_o it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o observe_v 1._o that_o in_o the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fealty_n make_v by_o vassal_n to_o inferior_a lord_n the_o sovereign_a lord_n be_v express_o except_v spelman_n ligii_fw-la and_o other_o tell_v we_o that_o frederick_n barbarossa_n make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v express_o except_v in_o all_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o that_o this_o law_n be_v universal_o receive_v in_o all_o nation_n and_o that_o it_o be_v here_o observe_v in_o england_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o form_n of_o homage_n here_o insert_v 207._o and_o the_o ancient_a oath_n of_o fealty_n in_o fleta_n but_o also_o 2._o by_o the_o same_o feudal_n law_n the_o liege_n vassal_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v express_o oblige_v to_o assist_v and_o defend_v he_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o exception_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o liege_n homage_n in_o skene_n exp._n and_o of_o a_o liege_n tenure_n in_o the_o feudist_n lige_n and_o from_o the_o common_a form_n of_o liege_n homage_n here_o in_o england_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n in_o these_o word_n feud_n i_o become_v your_o man_n for_o the_o fee_n and_o tenement_n which_o i_o hold_v of_o you_o and_o will_v bear_v you_o faith_n of_o your_o lise_n and_o limb_n your_o body_n ibid._n chattel_n and_o terrene_a honour_n against_o all_o mortal_n whatsoever_o as_o for_o those_o who_o hold_v in_o feudo-ligio_a that_o be_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n it_o be_v undeniable_a that_o they_o be_v bind_v for_o their_o fee_n to_o assist_v the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o vassal_n of_o inferior_a lord_n who_o hold_v but_o mediate_o of_o the_o crown_n be_v also_o bind_v to_o the_o same_o assistance_n of_o their_o sovereign_n to_o this_o purpose_n a_o passage_n out_o of_o willelmus_fw-la nubrigensis_n 1._o be_v cite_v by_o du-fresne_a regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la tanquam_fw-la principali_fw-la domino_fw-la hominium_fw-la cum_fw-la ligeantia_fw-la i._n e._n solenni_fw-la cautione_n standi_fw-la cum_fw-la eo_fw-la &_o pro_fw-la eo_fw-la contra_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la so_o glanvile_n inform_v we_o that_o a_o vassal_n at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o fight_v against_o his_o own_o immediate_a lord_n and_o last_o that_o statute_n of_o the_o conqueror_n do_v express_o prove_v it_o col._n wherein_o he_o command_v all_o earl_n 58._o baron_n knight_n guliel_n sergeant_n and_o all_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o be_v always_o well_o provide_v with_o horse_n and_o arm_n to_o serve_v he_o as_o often_o as_o need_v shall_v require_v according_a as_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o land_n and_o tenement_n and_o as_o he_o have_v appoint_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o for_o that_o consideration_n have_v give_v they_o land_n in_o fee_n for_o ever_o hitherto_o therefore_o it_o appear_v that_o ligeance_n in_o its_o original_a signification_n imply_v a_o obligation_n to_o assist_v the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n without_o exception_n and_o since_o all_o our_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v manifest_o derive_v from_o the_o feudal_n oath_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o ligeance_n universal_o require_v of_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o the_o feudal_n to_o which_o it_o owe_v its_o original_n and_o this_o universal_a allegiance_n i_o shall_v first_o consider_v in_o general_n and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o obligation_n of_o it_o out_o of_o our_o law_n and_o lawyer_n second_o i_o shall_v consider_v it_o as_o it_o be_v style_v legal_a and_o three_o natural_a allegiance_n 1._o i_o be_o to_o consider_v the_o obligation_n of_o universal_a allegiance_n in_o general_n hotoman_n observe_v ver_fw-la that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n v._n the_o one_o perform_v by_o vassal_n fidelitas_fw-la and_o the_o other_o by_o citizen_n or_o subject_n and_o for_o this_o he_o cite_v a_o law_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n to_o this_o effect_n let_v our_o vassal_n swear_v fealty_n to_o we_o 24._o as_o vassal_n and_o all_o other_o as_o citizen_n from_o sixteen_o year_n to_o seventy_o and_o in_o his_o disputation_n he_o prove_v from_o several_a form_n of_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n exact_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o all_o their_o subject_n that_o they_o do_v oblige_v to_o the_o same_o duty_n with_o those_o require_v of_o vassal_n and_o the_o form_n he_o there_o produce_v do_v particular_o oblige_v to_o a_o active_a fidelity_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o man_n live_v agreeable_o in_o this_o kingdom_n as_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v therefore_o call_v liegeman_n beccause_n they_o be_v bind_v unto_o their_o king_n as_o vassal_n to_o their_o lord_n so_o the_o oath_n they_o be_v require_v to_o take_v and_o the_o allegiance_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o pay_v unto_o the_o king_n be_v the_o same_o in_o substance_n with_o the_o feudal_n oath_n and_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o his_o liege_n lord_n and_o sovereign_n the_o late_a interpreter_n of_o the_o law-term_n tell_v we_o manly_n that_o ligeancy_n be_v most_o common_o use_v for_o that_o duty_n which_o every_o good_a subject_n owe_v to_o his_o liege_n lord_n the_o king._n and_o say_v after_o cowel_n that_o it_o be_v thus_o define_v in_o the_o great_a customary_a of_o normandy_n confovere_fw-la that_o it_o be_v a_o obligation_n upon_o all_o vassal_n to_o take_v part_n with_o their_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v to_o serve_v he_o with_o their_o person_n assistance_n and_o advice_n to_o do_v he_o no_o injury_n nor_o in_o any_o thing_n to_o support_v his_o adversary_n against_o he_o so_o that_o hence_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o this_o interpreter_n take_v the_o allegiance_n of_o a_o vassal_n and_o every_o good_a subject_a to_o be_v exact_o the_o same_o and_o think_v this_o to_o be_v a_o good_a definition_n of_o it_o which_o be_v as_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o pure_a neutrality_n or_o a_o reservation_n of_o a_o high_a degree_n of_o allegiance_n to_o another_o as_o word_n can_v express_v the_o same_o learned_a interpreter_n have_v yet_o add_v out_o of_o the_o lord_n coke_n another_o
his_o enemy_n but_o this_o objection_n will_v be_v of_o no_o force_n if_o it_o be_v consider_v 1._o that_o allegiance_n bind_v in_o general_a to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o king_n crown_n and_o person_n which_o imply_v many_o other_o positive_a dutieâ—-besides_a military_a assistance_n as_o aid_n of_o money_n and_o advice_n discovery_n of_o conspiracy_n and_o the_o like_a now_o if_o the_o law_n which_o have_v oblige_v subject_n in_o general_a do_v exempt_a ecclesiastic_n from_o the_o military_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n than_o there_o be_v a_o express_a exception_n of_o they_o as_o to_o those_o duty_n and_o this_o very_a exception_n do_v show_v that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o all_o the_o other_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v as_o absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n as_o the_o military_a assistance_n can_v possible_o be_v but_o 2._o though_o the_o law_n have_v ordinary_o exempt_v clergyman_n from_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o sovereign_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o doubt_v but_o that_o in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n when_o the_o life_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v in_o imminent_a danger_n and_o there_o be_v no_o other_o person_n to_o defend_v it_o and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o churchman_n to_o save_v it_o though_o with_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o own_o that_o in_o such_o a_o exigency_n he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o allegiance_n to_o a_o personal_a and_o military_a assistance_n of_o he_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v still_o true_a that_o all_o the_o subject_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o allegiance_n to_o a_o military_a defence_n of_o their_o sovereign_n when_o necessity_n shall_v require_v it_o and_o yet_o further_o 3._o though_o spiritual_a person_n be_v not_o ordinary_o oblige_v to_o defend_v their_o sovereign_n with_o secular_a arm_n yet_o their_o allegiance_n bind_v they_o to_o do_v it_o with_o arm_n more_o prevalent_a and_o efficasious_a viz._n prayer_n and_o intercession_n with_o god_n for_o their_o safety_n and_o victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n thus_o zouch_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o the_o grand_a customary_a of_o normandy_n that_o bishop_n 9_o and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n who_o hold_v land_n grant_v in_o frank_n almoine_n or_o in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la be_v bound_n to_o no_o other_o service_n but_o to_o pray_v for_o the_o prince_n and_o intercede_v with_o god_n for_o his_o safety_n this_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o allegiance_n most_o especial_o incumbent_a upon_o they_o who_o wait_v at_o the_o altar_n less_o than_o this_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v require_v of_o they_o and_o a_o great_a and_o more_o beneficial_a service_n can_v possible_o be_v perform_v by_o any_o one_o and_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o hear_v that_o a_o churchman_n can_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o a_o prince_n and_o yet_o can_v not_o pray_v that_o he_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o his_o enemy_n this_o be_v a_o branch_n of_o allegiance_n which_o our_o church_n have_v express_o require_v of_o we_o in_o her_o liturgy_n 242._o nay_o it_o have_v be_v teach_v we_o by_o the_o catholic_n church_n of_o all_o age_n wherein_o prayer_n have_v be_v constant_o make_v for_o peace_n and_o safety_n for_o prosperity_n and_o victory_n tertull._n not_o unto_o christian_a emperor_n only_o 30._o but_o even_o to_o the_o most_o cruel_a persecutor_n of_o christianity_n and_o if_o this_o be_v the_o duty_n peculiar_o of_o churchman_n than_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n undoubted_o in_o their_o station_n to_o contribute_v all_o other_o actual_a assistance_n also_o and_o if_o this_o be_v a_o necessary_a branch_n of_o allegiance_n than_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o can_v swear_v allegiance_n with_o a_o design_n of_o neutrality_n or_o a_o reserve_n of_o allegiance_n to_o k._n j._n for_o then_o we_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o pray_v reciprocal_o backward_o and_o forward_o that_o j._n may_v vanquish_v w._n and_o w._n vanquish_v j._n and_o that_o both_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n when_o they_o be_v irreconcilable_a enemy_n to_o each_o other_o wherefore_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o common_a sense_n and_o understanding_n of_o the_o people_n do_v signify_v such_o a_o allegiance_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o construction_n be_v the_o true_a declare_v meaning_n of_o it_o for_o the_o declare_a meaning_n must_v be_v express_v in_o word_n and_o word_n must_v be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o know_v the_o usual_a and_o genuine_a signification_n of_o they_o and_o if_o man_n will_v take_v a_o liberty_n of_o impose_v a_o quite_o different_a sense_n upon_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n there_o be_v a_o end_n of_o all_o promise_n and_o oath_n of_o all_o faith_n and_o commerce_n among_o mankind_n and_o then_o i_o know_v not_o why_o in_o the_o present_a oath_n w._n may_v not_o signify_v j._n and_o allegiance_n rebellion_n hitherto_o i_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o the_o reason_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o the_o word_n themselves_o in_o which_o it_o be_v express_v do_v necessary_o oblige_v we_o to_o the_o high_a construction_n of_o it_o and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a concurrence_n of_o both_o these_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n than_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v to_o induce_v a_o moral_a certainty_n of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o imposer_n may_v be_v search_v into_o by_o other_o mean_n beside_o the_o naked_a force_n of_o the_o word_n as_o by_o probable_a conjecture_n ground_v upon_o circumstance_n and_o their_o other_o imposition_n and_o proceed_n which_o have_v some_o relation_n to_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o show_v that_o even_o these_o also_o do_v afford_v reasonable_a ground_n to_o persuade_v the_o sense_n i_o have_v here_o assert_v to_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o here_o there_o be_v two_o caution_n to_o be_v premise_v first_o that_o when_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n do_v according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a customary_a or_o legal_a acceptation_n of_o they_o evident_o express_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n 7._o than_o the_o enquiry_n into_o the_o same_o intention_n by_o circumstance_n and_o appendage_n be_v of_o no_o importance_n for_o the_o word_n be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a sign_n of_o the_o intention_n and_o when_o they_o do_v clear_o represent_v it_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o very_a word_n otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v be_v ascertain_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o any_o law_n if_o no_o word_n how_o clear_a soever_o can_v express_v it_o and_o so_o to_o make_v a_o law_n will_v be_v a_o thing_n impracticable_a ibidem_fw-la because_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v express_v therefore_o second_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a mean_n of_o express_v the_o intention_n unless_o clear_a and_o manifest_a evidence_n can_v be_v produce_v to_o show_v 418._o that_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o what_o the_o natural_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n do_v import_v the_o genuine_a signification_n of_o they_o be_v always_o to_o be_v adhere_v to_o so_o say_v the_o civil-law_n express_o non_fw-la aliter_fw-la a_o significatione_n verborum_fw-la ejus_fw-la recedi_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la manifestum_fw-la aliud_fw-la ipsum_fw-la sensisse_fw-la and_o the_o necessity_n of_o this_o rule_n be_v evident_a for_o if_o it_o be_v allow_v to_o recede_v from_o the_o word_n but_o upon_o manifest_a evidence_n of_o a_o different_a intention_n every_o one_o may_v wrest_v the_o law_n as_o he_o please_v and_o the_o law_n will_v not_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o duty_n but_o the_o subject_n arbitrary_a gloss_n on_o it_o suppose_v therefore_o not_o grant_v that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o clear_o represent_v the_o intention_n of_o the_o legislator_n proceed_v we_o now_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o from_o circumstance_n and_o other_o action_n of_o the_o imposer_n and_o 1._o i_o consider_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o act_n declare_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o crown_n have_v impose_v this_o and_o no_o other_o oath_n upon_o their_o military_a officer_n and_o soldier_n and_o it_o seem_v very_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v intend_v to_o oblige_v they_o only_o to_o a_o peaceable_a neutrality_n or_o leave_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o notwithstanding_o the_o oath_n to_o assist_v k._n j._n against_o themselves_o but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v reasonable_a
a_o discourse_n concern_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n qui_fw-la perjurii_fw-la immunis_fw-la esse_fw-la cupit_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o who_o desire_v to_o preserve_v himself_o from_o perjury_n ought_v diligent_o to_o weigh_v every_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o he_o be_v to_o take_v and_o the_o sense_n and_o force_n of_o they_o that_o if_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v it_o may_v not_o be_v take_v if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v take_v it_o may_v be_v keep_v without_o fraud_n and_o dissimulation_n sand._n de_fw-fr juram_fw-la oblige_v prael_n 6._o sect._n 7._o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v these_o 1_o a._n b._n do_v sincere_o promise_v and_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o their_o majesty_n king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n so_o help_v i_o god._n in_o this_o compendious_a form_n of_o swear_v it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v great_a ambiguity_n which_o lie_v principal_o in_o the_o doubtful_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n faithful_n and_o true_a allegiance_n which_o may_v import_v either_o 1._o that_o kind_n of_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o captive_n may_v promise_v to_o their_o conqueror_n or_o oppress_v subject_n to_o usurper_n and_o oblige_v they_o only_o to_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a submission_n while_o they_o be_v under_o their_o power_n and_o do_v not_o debar_v they_o from_o assist_v their_o lawful_a sovereign_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o crown_n or_o 2._o all_o that_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n which_o be_v former_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereby_o their_o subject_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o not_o reserve_v any_o branch_n of_o their_o allegiance_n as_o due_a to_o any_o other_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o distinction_n that_o two_o different_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v ground_v and_o the_o high_a construction_n be_v this_o ay_o a._n b._n be_o sincere_o resolve_v to_o adhere_v faithful_o to_o king_n william_n and_o queen_n mary_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n and_o subjection_n unto_o they_o alone_o and_o to_o defend_v their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n with_o my_o life_n and_o fortune_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o my_o power_n against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o the_o low_a construction_n be_v to_o this_o effect_n whereas_o w._n and_o m._n be_v actual_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o i_o do_v swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v they_o that_o obedience_n and_o submission_n which_o may_v be_v lawful_o pay_v to_o a_o actual_a sovereign_n not_o engage_v hereby_o to_o uphold_v they_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o throne_n against_o the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la nor_o debar_v myself_o from_o exert_v my_o swear_a allegiance_n to_o he_o upon_o any_o emergent_a opportunity_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n i_o be_o not_o certain_a that_o this_o last_o clause_n of_o assist_v the_o k._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la be_v the_o sense_n of_o they_o who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n with_o a_o declaration_n of_o live_v peaceable_o under_o the_o present_a government_n yet_o there_o be_v this_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v because_o if_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o a_o explanatory_a declaration_n more_o ambiguous_a and_o obscure_a than_o the_o oath_n explain_v we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o declarer_n think_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o high_a sense_n unlawful_a because_o direct_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a obligation_n to_o k._n j._n but_o if_o those_o be_v still_o in_o force_n than_o they_o be_v still_o oblige_v to_o a_o actual_a assistance_n of_o he_o and_o then_o their_o declaration_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o shall_v not_o exclude_v it_o in_o short_a if_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a than_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o the_o present_a possessor_n be_v undoubted_o our_o lawful_a sovereign_n and_o we_o be_v consequent_o oblige_v to_o pray_v that_o they_o may_v have_v victory_n over_o all_o their_o enemy_n and_o if_o this_o be_v our_o duty_n it_o be_v a_o manifest_a sin_n not_o to_o contribute_v our_o actual_a assistance_n in_o our_o respective_a station_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o it_o wherefore_o choose_v they_o which_o they_o will_v either_o that_o their_o former_a oath_n be_v obligatory_a or_o not_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o the_o king_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o assist_v and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v presume_v to_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o a_o sinful_a neutrality_n which_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o their_o former_a oath_n and_o if_o that_o be_v extinguish_v to_o their_o manifest_a duty_n to_o the_o present_a possessor_n but_o nevertheless_o because_o what_o seem_v so_o improbable_a may_v yet_o be_v possible_o true_a that_o they_o intend_v to_o bind_v themselves_o only_o to_o a_o exact_a neutrality_n it_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n that_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o allegiance_n be_v absolute_o inconsistent_a with_o it_o to_o return_v therefore_o to_o the_o two_o former_a interpretation_n of_o the_o oath_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o by_o the_o former_a we_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v all_o our_o allegiance_n to_o w._n and_o m._n by_o the_o latter_a not_o all_o but_o a_o allegiance_n qualify_v and_o limit_v in_o the_o one_o to_o uphold_v they_o to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o our_o power_n in_o their_o crown_n and_o dignity_n in_o the_o other_o we_o profess_v we_o will_v not_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v it_o in_o the_o one_o we_o engage_v to_o defend_v they_o against_o all_o person_n whatsoever_o and_o in_o the_o other_o a_o power_n be_v reserve_v to_o assist_v k._n j._n against_o they_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o a_o middle_a sense_n of_o neutrality_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a term_n of_o neutrality_n that_o it_o be_v plain_o contradictory_n to_o the_o first_o construction_n also_o these_o several_a interpretation_n therefore_o be_v contradictory_n to_o each_o other_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o swearer_n can_v be_v oblige_v unto_o more_o than_o one_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o imposor_n intend_v either_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o contradictory_n and_o impossible_a duty_n or_o to_o leave_v we_o at_o liberty_n to_o choose_v in_o which_o of_o those_o contradictory_n sense_n we_o will_v be_v oblige_v for_o this_o oath_n be_v exact_v by_o a_o law_n and_o a_o law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n now_o if_o a_o law_n shall_v be_v so_o frame_v on_o purpose_n by_o the_o legislator_n as_o to_o be_v fair_o capable_a of_o two_o contradictory_n construction_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o subject_a to_o his_o choice_n in_o which_o he_o will_v obey_v it_o it_o be_v manifest_o no_o law_n at_o all_o because_o it_o do_v not_o contain_v the_o determinate_a declare_a will_n of_o the_o legislator_n and_o the_o subject_a be_v allow_v to_o take_v either_o part_n of_o the_o contradiction_n be_v not_o determine_v as_o by_o a_o law_n he_o always_o be_v to_o any_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o if_o this_o be_v true_a in_o all_o law_n much_o more_o will_v it_o hold_v in_o those_o by_o which_o promissory_a oath_n be_v establish_v for_o a_o promise_n equal_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n be_v indeed_o no_o promise_n and_o it_o be_v nor_o to_o be_v suppose_v that_o our_o legislator_n intend_v to_o frame_v a_o promissory_a oath_n that_o shall_v contain_v no_o promise_n at_o all_o and_o to_o make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o most_o solemn_a mockery_n of_o god_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o the_o imposer_n of_o this_o oath_n intend_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o one_o determinate_a meaning_n of_o it_o and_o that_o those_o word_n by_o which_o they_o choose_v to_o declare_v their_o intention_n can_v be_v reasonable_o so_o interpret_v as_o to_o declare_v the_o quite_o contrary_a also_o and_o then_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o one_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v both_o intend_a and_o sufficient_o express_v in_o the_o oath_n and_o that_o no_o doubt_n be_v the_o sense_n in_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v both_o to_o take_v and_o keep_v it_o we_o be_v therefore_o now_o to_o inquire_v whether_o of_o these_o construction_n be_v the_o intend_a and_o declare_v meaning_n of_o the_o imposer_n and_o here_o there_o appear_v at_o first_o view_v a_o invincible_a prejudice_n against_o the_o low_a construction_n of_o the_o oath_n viz._n that_o this_o oath_n be_v undeniable_o intend_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o
and_o subjection_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n of_o it_o second_o as_o they_o hold_v their_o land_n in_o fee_n of_o the_o k._n and_o so_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v fealty_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o a_o fee_n be_v thus_o define_v by_o the_o feudist_n that_o it_o be_v a_o free_a and_o benevolent_a grant_n of_o a_o thing_n immovable_a honestorum_fw-la or_o something_o equipollent_a with_o a_o conveyance_n of_o the_o right_n to_o all_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o the_o propriety_n be_v still_o reserve_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o grant_v make_v upon_o condition_n of_o fidelity_n and_o the_o performance_n of_o honest_a service_n so_n that_o in_o this_o feodal_n contract_v it_o be_v express_o provide_v that_o even_o the_o utile_fw-la dominium_fw-la shall_v revert_v unto_o the_o lord_n upon_o breach_n of_o fealty_n the_o vassal_n be_v hereby_o oblige_v in_o point_n of_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o gratitude_n to_o a_o exact_a performance_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n be_v vassal_n to_o the_o k._n be_v beside_o the_o common_a duty_n of_o subject_n under_o the_o same_o additional_a obligation_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o feud_n 3._o from_o this_o tenure_n of_o land_n in_o fee_n they_o who_o hold_v they_o be_v sometime_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o sometime_o ligii_fw-la a_o ligando_fw-la and_o the_o bond_n or_o obligation_n they_o be_v under_o fidelitas_fw-la and_o ligeantia_fw-la and_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v to_o perform_v it_o oath_n of_o fealty_n and_o allegiance_n for_o ancient_o ligeance_n be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o the_o sovereign_n only_a but_o it_o denote_v in_o general_a the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o any_o lord_n whatsoever_o thus_o hotoman_n in_o his_o feudal_n dictionary_n tell_v we_o 7._o that_o liegeman_n be_v but_o another_o word_n for_o a_o vassal_n and_o in_o his_o disp_n he_o spend_v a_o whole_a chapter_n to_o prove_v it_o thus_o du_n fresne_n distinguish_v between_o a_o absolute_a ligeance_n due_a to_o a_o supreme_a lord_n and_o a_o ligeance_n pay_v to_o a_o inferior_a ligium_fw-la with_o exception_n of_o the_o former_a so_o also_o bracton_n glanvil_n and_o fleta_n do_v speak_v of_o ligeance_n as_o due_a to_o any_o capital_a lord_n beside_o the_o king._n 35._o and_o spelman_n in_o his_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n show_v by_o several_a instance_n 79._o that_o private_a person_n have_v their_o liegeman_n also_o 1._o but_o though_o ligeance_n have_v ancient_o so_o large_a a_o signification_n 16._o yet_o 4._o it_o be_v at_o length_n confine_v to_o denote_v only_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o vassal_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o the_o fee._n hence_o that_o distinction_n in_o the_o feudist_n inter_fw-la feudum_fw-la ligium_fw-la jur_fw-fr &_o non_fw-la ligium_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o explain_v by_o dr._n cowel_n in_o his_o institution_n 2._o viz._n that_o the_o former_a be_v proper_o so_o call_v when_o a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n be_v take_v without_o exception_n of_o any_o one_o and_o the_o late_a when_o it_o be_v swear_v with_o exception_n of_o another_o fealty_n the_o one_o be_v due_a only_a to_o the_o k._n and_o the_o other_o even_o to_o common_a person_n in_o short_a the_o one_o be_v hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o mediate_o under_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v but_o equitable_a that_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o he_o exception_n shall_v be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n who_o be_v the_o original_a proprietor_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n of_o the_o fee._n 5._o two_o considerable_a prerogative_n may_v be_v observe_v from_o the_o lawyer_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n alone_o first_o that_o whereas_o the_o inferior_a lord_n have_v only_o propter_fw-la rem_fw-la a_o right_n to_o the_o fealty_n of_o his_o vassal_n from_o which_o he_o may_v free_v himself_o by_o surrender_v his_o estate_n the_o sovereign_a lord_n have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o propter_fw-la personam_fw-la also_o and_o consequent_o though_o his_o liegeman_n do_v part_n with_o his_o estate_n yet_o allegiance_n be_v still_o due_a by_o virtue_n of_o that_o inalienable_a jurisdiction_n which_o the_o sovereign_n have_v over_o his_o person_n second_o whereas_o between_o a_o inferior_a lord_n and_o his_o vassal_n there_o be_v such_o a_o a_o strict_a reciprocal_a obligation_n to_o protection_n on_o the_o one_o part_n and_o fidelity_n on_o the_o other_o that_o as_o the_o tenant_n lose_v his_o fee_n upon_o breach_n of_o fidelity_n 26_o so_o likewise_o the_o inferior_a lord_n if_o he_o refuse_v protection_n to_o his_o vassal_n or_o commit_v any_o enormous_a offence_n against_o he_o mol._n do_v forfeit_n to_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o fee._n 1._o yet_o as_o molinaeus_n affirm_v this_o penal_a forseiture_n of_o dominion_n extend_v only_o to_o inferior_a lord_n 3_o the_o sovereign_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o 17_o for_n though_o the_o liege-sovereign_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v his_o liegeman_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o right_n to_o their_o fealty_n if_o he_o do_v not_o perform_v his_o obligation_n to_o they_o indeed_o there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o irrational_a than_o to_o imagine_v such_o a_o provision_n when_o fee-land_n be_v original_o owe_v only_o to_o the_o munificence_n of_o king_n and_o even_o before_o that_o new_a obligation_n of_o fealty_n they_o have_v a_o antecedent_n right_a to_o the_o fidelity_n of_o their_o subject_n when_o the_o king_n land_n as_o the_o lawyer_n speak_v be_v hold_v under_o god_n alone_o and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v forfeitable_a to_o any_o when_o the_o k._n himself_o can_v not_o be_v responsible_a for_o any_o injury_n for_o want_n of_o a_o superior_a jurisdiction_n and_o if_o any_o be_v do_v to_o the_o subject_a ultorem_fw-la there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n but_o only_o humble_a petition_n that_o the_o k._n will_v correct_v and_o amend_v his_o fact_n which_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o be_v once_o think_v a_o sufficient_a punishment_n for_o he_o that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v his_o avenger_n this_o i_o have_v here_o observe_v because_o the_o assertor_n of_o the_o republican_n doctrine_n have_v maintain_v that_o king_n may_v forfeit_v their_o crown_n not_o only_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o imaginary_a contract_n which_o they_o suppose_v be_v make_v at_o the_o first_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o government_n but_o also_o from_o that_o contract_n which_o be_v make_v between_o the_o sovereign_n and_o his_o vassal_n and_o which_o they_o suppose_v to_o be_v equay_o on_o both_o side_n conditionate_n 6._o though_o these_o feudal_n law_n be_v now_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n antiquate_v yet_o the_o fealty_n by_o which_o a_o vassal_n be_v bind_v to_o his_o lord_n be_v still_o in_o force_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n say_v fidelitas_fw-la that_o fealty_n in_o england_n be_v inseparable_a from_o all_o tenor_n and_o though_o it_o be_v now_o but_o seldom_o exact_v yet_o it_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v release_v without_o destruction_n of_o the_o tenure_n so_o that_o the_o take_n of_o the_o oath_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v remit_v than_o the_o obligation_n itself_o to_o be_v dissolve_v and_o much_o more_o do_v the_o obligation_n of_o fealty_n to_o the_o k._n continue_v still_o in_o force-upon_a all_o the_o subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o tenor_n from_o he_o the_o same_o great_a antiquary_n affirm_v that_o the_o feudal_n law_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n qui_fw-la lege_fw-la eâ_fw-la è_fw-la normannia_n traductâ_fw-la angliam_fw-la totam_fw-la suis_fw-la divisit_fw-la commilitibus_fw-la and_o this_o universal_a distribution_n of_o the_o english_a land_n among_o his_o soldier_n and_o institution_n of_o fee_n service_n be_v attest_v by_o 6._o mat._n paris_n and_o by_o mr._n possessores_fw-la cambden_n also_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o crown_n be_v still_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o fee_n which_o imply_v fealty_n to_o he_o and_o this_o be_v a_o true_a and_o easy_a account_n of_o those_o assertion_n of_o the_o lawyer_n that_o the_o king_n be_v the_o sovereign_a lord_n 1._o or_o lord_n paramount_n 1._o either_o mediate_a or_o immeate_n of_o every_o parcel_n of_o land_n within_o the_o realm_n cowell_n and_o that_o the_o subject_n have_v not_o a_o direct_a and_o plenary_a dominion_n 2._o but_o only_o a_o fiduciary_n and_o conditionate_n property_n in_o their_o estate_n which_o be_v still_o forfeitable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o upon_o breach_n of_o fealty_n do_v revert_v to_o the_o original_a donor_n which_o law_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n do_v also_o vary_v the_o forfeiture_n as_o in_o case_n of_o felony_n the_o k._n have_v a_o year_n a_o day_n and_o the_o waste_v after_o which_o it_o pass_v down_o to_o the_o
more_o modern_a explication_n of_o it_o viz_o that_o it_o be_v the_o true_a and_o faithful_a obedience_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o his_o sovereign_n but_o neither_o will_v this_o import_v a_o mere_a neutrality_n or_o only_o a_o peaceable_a conformity_n to_o the_o law_n if_o we_o will_v take_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o author_n from_o his_o own_o account_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n he_o give_v we_o this_o definition_n in_o calvin_n case_n but_o in_o the_o same_o case_n he_o positive_o assert_n that_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o allegiance_n to_o discover_v and_o oppose_v all_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o his_o war_n and_o even_o to_o spend_v their_o blood_n in_o his_o defence_n he_o give_v the_o same_o description_n in_o his_o institutes_n also_o but_o he_o have_v before_o explain_v what_o be_v signify_v by_o faithful_a and_o loyal_a which_o according_a to_o he_o do_v imply_v positive_a duty_n of_o actual_a support_n and_o assistance_n so_o that_o by_o true_a and_o faithful_a obedience_n in_o this_o definition_n must_v be_v understand_v all_o those_o positive_a duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o obedience_n which_o every_o subject_a owe_v his_o sovereign_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o allegiance_n and_o what_o those_o be_v may_v be_v clear_o understand_v from_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n which_o do_v plain_o intimate_v and_o inform_v we_o to_o what_o duty_n true_a allegiance_n do_v bind_v we_o i_o shall_v here_o out_o of_o many_o produce_v but_o two_o passage_n only_o and_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o act_n of_o recognition_n 1â—_n jac._n 1._o c._n 1._o wherein_o both_o the_o house_n do_v unto_o his_o majesty_n most_o humble_o and_o faithful_o submit_v and_o oblige_v themselves_o their_o heir_n and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o until_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n be_v spend_v and_o do_v beseech_v his_o majesty_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o same_o at_o the_o first_o fruit_n of_o this_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o their_o loyalty_n and_o faith_n to_o his_o majesty_n 225._o and_o his_o royal_a progeny_n and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o by_o loyalty_n here_o be_v mean_v nothing_o but_o allegiance_n to_o which_o it_o be_v equivalent_a and_o hence_o we_o may_v observe_v first_o that_o the_o parliament_n here_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o the_o utmost_a possible_a assistance_n and_o defence_n of_o his_o majesty_n without_o any_o condition_n and_o reserve_v even_o until_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n be_v spend_v second_o they_o call_v this_o obligation_n the_o first_o fruit_n of_o their_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n and_o therefore_o certain_o contain_v in_o they_o and_o three_o as_o far_o as_o a_o law_n can_v do_v it_o they_o oblige_v not_o themselves_o only_o but_o their_o heir_n and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o and_o that_o not_o to_o the_o king_n then_o in_o be_v only_o but_o to_o his_o royal_a progeny_n also_o and_o posterity_n for_o ever_o the_o other_o passage_n be_v 1._o 11_o h._n 7._o c._n 18._o where_o it_o be_v plain_o and_o express_o declare_v that_o every_o subject_a by_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o allegiance_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v and_o assist_v his_o prince_n and_o sovereign_a lord_n at_o all_o season_n when_o need_n shall_v require_v and_o in_o particular_a against_o his_o rebel_n and_o enemy_n for_o the_o suppress_v and_o subdue_a of_o they_o this_o be_v so_o express_a and_o authentic_a a_o declaration_n of_o the_o true_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n that_o no_o art_n nor_o sophistry_n can_v possible_o evade_v it_o and_o upon_o this_o statute_n among_o other_o do_v k._n charles_n the_o martyr_n justify_v his_o commission_n of_o array_n in_o his_o proclamation_n against_o levy_v force_n and_o in_o another_o for_o set_v up_o his_o standard_n he_o require_v all_o his_o subject_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o trent_n upon_o their_o allegiance_n to_o repair_v to_o his_o royal_a standard_n at_o nottingham_n for_o his_o just_a and_o necessary_a defence_n so_o that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o obsolete_a and_o antiquate_a notion_n of_o allegiance_n but_o such_o as_o our_o law_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v ever_o exact_v such_o as_o the_o sage_n of_o the_o law_n have_v often_o inculcate_v such_o as_o our_o king_n have_v always_o claim_v and_o their_o loyal_a subject_n have_v yield_v they_o in_o their_o necessity_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v further_a that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o maxim_n universal_o receive_v by_o all_o the_o feudist_n and_o lawyer_n quod_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la ligius_fw-la du_fw-fr 〈…〉_z they_o or_o as_o cowel_n after_o skene_n express_v it_o that_o ligeancy_n be_v such_o a_o duty_n or_o fealty_n as_o no_o man_n may_v bear_v to_o more_o than_o one_o lord_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v found_v on_o that_o aphorism_n of_o even_a truth_n itself_o no_o man_n can_v serve_v two_o master_n that_o be_v two_o absolute_a and_o independent_a master_n at_o once_o for_o if_o one_o be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o other_o than_o both_o may_v be_v serve_v faithful_o in_o a_o due_a subordination_n and_o thus_o the_o same_o person_n may_v be_v a_o vassal_n to_o a_o inferior_a and_o a_o capital_a lord_n to_o a_o subject_a and_o a_o sovereign_n but_o ligeance_n be_v now_o constant_o take_v for_o the_o obligation_n of_o fidelity_n to_o a_o sovereign_a lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a gross_a contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o the_o same_o person_n may_v be_v the_o liegeman_n of_o two_o sovereign_a prince_n at_o once_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a he_o shall_v adhere_v to_o both_o against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o this_o will_v be_v yet_o more_o absurd_a if_o the_o two_o sovereign_n be_v in_o open_a hostility_n and_o mutual_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v each_o other_o for_o then_o adherence_n to_o the_o one_o must_v necessary_o be_v treason_n against_o the_o other_o and_o the_o liegeman_n will_v be_v bind_v to_o assist_v &_o to_o oppose_v to_o defend_v and_o to_o destroy_v they_o both_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o maxim_n therefore_o be_v very_o evident_a and_o hence_o it_o appear_v how_o absurd_a it_o be_v to_o make_v allegiance_n signify_v neutrality_n whereby_o the_o subject_n become_v the_o liegeman_n of_o two_o sovereign_a prince_n or_o to_o speak_v proper_o of_o neither_o or_o else_o to_o signify_v fidelity_n to_o one_o king_n with_o a_o reserve_v of_o assist_v anothen_fw-ge king_n to_o destroy_v he_o but_o the_o law_n have_v no_o where_o oblige_v we_o to_o such_o cross_a and_o contradictory_n obligation_n and_o as_o for_o those_o subtle_a distinction_n between_o a_o high_a and_o low_a kind_n of_o allegiance_n a_o allegiance_n due_a to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la and_o another_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o a_o king_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la a_o a_o solute_a and_o a_o conditioaate_n a_o active_a and_o a_o unactive_a a_o reserve_v and_o a_o unreserve_a allegiance_n i_o may_v say_v concern_v they_o as_o judge_n jenkins_n do_v of_o act_n of_o parliament_n without_o the_o king_n assent_n that_o no_o man_n can_v show_v any_o syllable_n l_o 〈…〉_z o_o or_o line_n to_o au_fw-fr horize_v they_o in_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n or_o print_v act_n of_o parliament_n in_o any_o age_n in_o this_o land_n for_o since_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o do_v i_o presume_v that_o that_o it_o can_v and_o it_o be_v another_o maxim_n in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o all_o law_n civil_a and_o divine_a ubi_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la distinguit_fw-la ibi_fw-la non_fw-la disiirguendum_fw-la est_fw-la such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o allegiance_n in_o general_n which_o be_v universal_o due_a from_o all_o the_o subject_n and_o this_o be_v next_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o it_o be_v style_v legal_a ligeanc_fw-fr 〈…〉_z and_o this_o do_v not_o import_n as_o the_o word_n seem_v to_o intimate_v a_o allegiance_n bound_v and_o circumscribe_v by_o law_n but_o it_o be_v therefore_o so_o call_v case_n because_o the_o law_n require_v it_o of_o every_o subject_a upon_o oath_n and_o have_v prescribe_v the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o it_o though_o allegiance_n be_v universal_o due_a by_o all_o law_n civil_a natural_a and_o divine_a yet_o the_o security_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v of_o such_o vast_a importance_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o justice_n and_o even_o to_o the_o very_o be_v of_o law_n and_o political_a society_n as_o that_o they_o can_v possible_o subss_v without_o it_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o law_n have_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o tie_v all_o those_o obligation_n fast_o by_o the_o sacred_a bond_n of_o a_o religious_a oath_n and_o to_o assure_v the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o subject_n to_o their_o sovereign_n by_o make_v god_n himself_o the_o guarantee_n and_o surety_n of_o it_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o age_n such_o oath_n of_o true_a allegiance_n have_v be_v
all_o man_n will_v act_v with_o the_o same_o plainness_n and_o sincerity_n if_o they_o will_v be_v true_a to_o their_o own_o sense_n and_o apprehension_n and_o not_o disguise_v they_o with_o artifice_n and_o subtlety_n there_o will_v possible_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o the_o present_a enquiry_n nor_o of_o prove_v that_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o contradictory_n sense_n that_o they_o signify_v the_o same_o duty_n now_o which_o always_o they_o have_v do_v that_o when_o they_o be_v swear_v to_o one_o sovereign_a they_o be_v incommuninicable_a at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o any_o other_o that_o we_o must_v not_o bind_v ourselves_o to_o contradictory_n obligation_n and_o can_v possible_o be_v faithful_a to_o k._n w._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o to_o k._n j._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n also_o and_o now_o i_o hope_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n faith_n and_o true_a allegiance_n in_o the_o oath_n do_v not_o signify_v mere_a submission_n and_o obedience_n only_o but_o also_o faithful_a service_n and_o actual_a assistance_n of_o our_o sovereign_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n be_v in_o the_o law_n sometime_o call_v oath_n of_o obedience_n but_o obedience_n then_o do_v import_v the_o whole_a duty_n of_o a_o subject_a to_o his_o sovereign_n and_o not_o precise_o a_o peaceable_a conformity_n to_o the_o law_n abstract_v from_o all_o the_o other_o duty_n of_o a_o subject_a and_o this_o i_o think_v may_v be_v prove_v from_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o obedience_n in_o its_o utmost_a latitude_n do_v comprehend_v the_o duty_n of_o fidelity_n and_o assistance_n also_o for_o every_o act_n of_o duty_n be_v a_o act_n of_o obedience_n and_o therefore_o if_o actual_a assistance_n be_v a_o duty_n to_o discharge_v it_o be_v obedience_n second_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v more_o often_o call_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o therefore_o if_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n do_v as_o i_o have_v show_v imply_v more_o than_o peaceable_a submission_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o do_v not_o imply_v so_o much_o because_o the_o same_o oath_n be_v sometime_o express_v by_o another_o word_n three_o peaceable_a submission_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n do_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o such_o a_o local_a allegiance_n as_o be_v due_a from_o alien_n and_o i_o be_o pretty_a certain_a that_o the_o law_n require_v something_o more_o of_o natural_a english_a subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o allegiance_n than_o they_o do_v from_o german_n and_o italian_n while_o they_o be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n this_o confound_a of_o allegiance_n and_o precise_a obedience_n to_o the_o lawful_a command_n of_o a_o sovereign_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v a_o very_a common_a and_o obvious_a mistake_n thus_o the_o author_n of_o the_o pastoral_n letter_n bring_v this_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o take_v this_o oath_n in_o question_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o obey_v the_o king_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o and_o if_o so_o it_o also_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v it_o therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o be_v just_a such_o a_o argument_n as_o this_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o bow_v before_o the_o king_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o pay_v divine_a adoration_n to_o he_o and_o if_o so_o it_o be_v also_o lawful_a to_o swear_v that_o i_o will_v pay_v divine_a worship_n to_o he_o for_o as_o religious_a worship_n imply_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o civil_a so_o do_v allegiance_n contain_v more_o than_o precise_a obedience_n i_o may_v lawful_o obey_v a_o highwayman_n and_o i_o may_v lawful_o swear_v it_o but_o i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o follow_v thence_o that_o i_o may_v lawful_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a and_o bear_v true_a allegiance_n to_o he_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v obedience_n to_o cromwell_n in_o all_o lawful_a thing_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v few_o even_o in_o that_o age_n of_o usurpation_n that_o be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o assert_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o that_o unnatural_a usurper_n dr._n sanderson_n prove_v that_o it_o may_v be_v our_o duty_n to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o a_o usurper_n not_o out_o of_o any_o regard_n to_o his_o authority_n which_o he_o say_v be_v none_o at_o all_o but_o upon_o other_o consideration_n ascham_n yet_o he_o be_v absolute_o against_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o usurper_n both_o he_o and_o all_o the_o conscientious_a divine_n of_o that_o age_n can_v easy_o distinguish_v allegiance_n from_o obey_v and_o so_o may_v any_o one_o that_o be_v not_o absolute_o resolve_v against_o it_o the_o pastoral_a author_n add_v indeed_o that_o allegiance_n in_o our_o present_a acceptation_n be_v obedience_n according_a to_o law_n which_o be_v true_a if_o obedience_n be_v take_v in_o its_o utmost_a latitude_n but_o than_o it_o will_v include_v a_o obligation_n to_o assist_v k._n w._n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n they_o who_o refuse_v the_o oath_n will_v i_o presume_v refuse_v also_o to_o obey_v he_o it_o have_v be_v object_v further_o that_o whereas_o the_o actual_a assistance_n of_o the_o king_n against_o all_o attempt_n whatsoever_o be_v insert_v either_o express_o or_o in_o word_n equivalent_a in_o all_o the_o former_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n but_o in_o the_o present_a oath_n it_o be_v whole_o omit_v and_o therefore_o it_o may_v reasonable_o be_v presume_v that_o where_o less_o be_v express_v less_o be_v require_v and_o that_o if_o the_o imposer_n have_v intend_v such_o actual_a assistance_n they_o will_v probable_o in_o plain_a word_n have_v require_v it_o what_o the_o reason_n be_v of_o make_v this_o and_o other_o alteration_n in_o the_o new_a oath_n of_o allegiance_n as_o i_o have_v no_o mean_n of_o know_v so_o neither_o be_v it_o of_o any_o moment_n to_o inquire_v to_o the_o objection_n propose_v it_o will_v suffice_v to_o answer_v that_o the_o duty_n of_o actual_a assistance_n against_o all_o man_n live_v be_v sufficient_o express_v in_o it_o for_o in_o the_o oath_n we_o be_v require_v to_o swear_v true_a allegiance_n and_o that_o do_v vi_fw-la termini_fw-la import_v such_o a_o obligation_n and_o as_o no_o particular_a duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v express_v in_o the_o oath_n so_o neither_o be_v any_o except_v and_o therefore_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o what_o those_o be_v may_v be_v understand_v from_o the_o law_n and_o the_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n itself_o which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v always_o signify_v a_o adherence_n to_o the_o liege_n lord_n against_o all_o man_n live_v and_o if_o the_o bare_a omission_n of_o particularise_v this_o duty_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v then_o be_v no_o particular_a duty_n intend_v for_o there_o be_v none_o express_v and_o so_o the_o result_n will_v be_v that_o when_o we_o swear_v allegiance_n we_o take_v god_n name_n in_o vain_a and_o swear_v to_o nothing_o at_o all_o and_o this_o be_v the_o answer_n feud_n which_o the_o feudist_n have_v long_o since_o give_v to_o the_o objection_n cujacius_n say_v that_o the_o clause_n of_o defend_v the_o life_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v express_v in_o such_o oath_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o general_a promise_n of_o fidelity_n molinaeus_n tell_v we_o debentur_fw-la that_o a_o certain_a form_n be_v not_o require_v but_o it_o may_v suffice_v to_o swear_v in_o general_a word_n as_o for_o instance_n i_o swear_v the_o fealty_n of_o a_o vassal_n or_o i_o do_v homage_n under_o a_o oath_n of_o fealty_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a particular_o to_o express_v the_o head_n of_o fidelity_n for_o that_o be_v well_o enough_o understand_v by_o a_o tacit_n reference_n to_o those_o duty_n which_o be_v require_v by_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o custom_n and_o he_o add_v it_o may_v be_v also_o answer_v that_o particular_a duty_n be_v not_o therefore_o express_v in_o those_o oath_n because_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a but_o only_o for_o the_o clear_a understanding_n of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v one_o objection_n more_o which_o must_v be_v consider_v viz._n that_o this_o be_v a_o oath_n impose_v upon_o clergyman_n as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o that_o since_o the_o law_n have_v ever_o exempt_v they_o from_o military_a service_n it_o be_v certain_a their_o allegiance_n do_v not_o bind_v they_o to_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o allegiance_n require_v in_o the_o oath_n be_v not_o such_o as_o i_o have_v hitherto_o assert_v because_o it_o do_v not_o universal_o bind_v the_o subject_n to_o a_o active_a military_a assistance_n of_o the_o sovereign_n against_o all_o
duty_n to_o voluit_fw-la support_v that_o government_n which_o god_n himself_o have_v establish_v over_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v evident_a also_o from_o the_o universal_a practice_n and_o consent_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n this_o may_v be_v evince_v from_o a_o induction_n of_o particular_n but_o i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o any_o that_o wherever_o civil_a government_n have_v be_v establish_v and_o in_o what_o from_o soever_o it_o have_v be_v always_o think_v the_o duty_n of_o every_o good_a citizen_n or_o subject_a to_o adhere_v to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o his_o country_n against_o all_o his_o enemy_n and_o even_o to_o adventure_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o it_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o government_n in_o the_o world_n wherein_o every_o individual_a person_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o bear_v arm_n be_v not_o oblige_v upon_o some_o great_a occasion_n personal_o to_o assist_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o hazard_v his_o life_n in_o its_o defence_n and_o this_o be_v a_o manifest_a indication_n that_o the_o duty_n of_o allegiance_n be_v first_o teach_v man_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n since_o the_o universal_a exact_v of_o they_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o such_o a_o universal_a principle_n wherefore_o dr._n sanderson_n have_v reason_n to_o affirm_v engagement_n that_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n do_v not_o arise_v original_o from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n but_o it_o be_v so_o intrinsical_a proper_a and_o essential_a a_o duty_n and_o as_o it_o be_v fundamental_a to_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o subject_a quà _fw-la talis_fw-la as_o that_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o subject_a do_v after_o a_o sort_n import_v it_o insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v thereupon_o gain_v in_o common_a usage_n of_o speech_n the_o stile_n of_o natural_a allegiance_n whence_o he_o affirm_v these_o inference_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o bond_n of_o allegiance_n whether_o swear_v or_o not_o swear_v be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o perpetual_a and_o indispensable_a 2._o that_o it_o be_v so_o inseparable_a from_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o subject_a that_o though_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o may_v be_v for_o some_o time_n suspend_v by_o a_o prevail_a force_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v so_o absolute_o remove_v but_o that_o it_o still_o remain_v virtual_o in_o the_o subject_a and_o oblige_v to_o a_o actual_a exercise_n of_o it_o upon_o all_o fit_a occasion_n 3._o that_o no_o subject_n of_o england_n that_o have_v either_o by_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n and_o allegiance_n acknowledge_v or_o otherwise_o believe_v that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n to_o who_o his_o natural_a allegiance_n be_v due_a be_v the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o lawful_a successor_n can_v without_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n enter_v into_o any_o covenant_n promise_v or_o engagement_n or_o do_v any_o other_o act_n whatsoever_o whereby_o either_o to_o transfer_v his_o allegiance_n to_o any_o other_o party_n to_o who_o it_o be_v not_o of_o right_n due_a or_o to_o incapacitate_v himself_o to_o perform_v it_o to_o his_o lawful_a sovereign_n when_o it_o may_v appear_v serviceable_a to_o he_o and_o what_o be_v assert_v by_o this_o great_a casuist_n case_n be_v for_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o deliver_v by_o the_o great_a oracle_n of_o the_o law_n who_o in_o the_o aforementioned_a case_n report_n that_o these_o position_n be_v debate_v and_o resolve_v on_o by_o all_o the_o judge_n first_o that_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n second_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n three_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v long_o before_o any_o municipal_a law._n four_o that_o it_o be_v immutable_a it_o appear_v say_v he_o by_o demonstrative_a reason_n that_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n be_v before_o any_o municipal_a or_o judicial_a law_n first_o for_o that_o government_n and_o subjection_n be_v long_o before_o any_o municipal_a law_n second_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a to_o have_v prescribe_v law_n to_o any_o but_o to_o such_o as_o owe_v ligeance_n before_o frustr_n à _fw-la enim_fw-la feruntur_fw-la leges_fw-la nisi_fw-la subditis_fw-la &_o obedientibus_fw-la see_v then_o that_o ligeance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o can_v be_v alter_v or_o take_v away_o for_o albeit_o municipal_a law_n have_v in_o several_a time_n and_o place_n impose_v several_a punishment_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n yet_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n itself_o never_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v change_v and_o this_o say_v he_o appear_v plain_o and_o plentiful_o in_o our_o law-book_n and_o afterward_o he_o argue_v thus_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n whatsoever_o be_v due_a only_a by_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n may_v be_v alter_v but_o natural_o the_o ligeance_n of_o the_o subject_a to_o the_o sovereign_n can_v be_v alter_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o due_a only_o by_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o man._n and_o again_o whatsoever_o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v alter_v but_o allegiance_n be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n therefore_o it_o can_v be_v alter_v thus_o far_o that_o famous_a lawyer_n and_o thus_o far_o have_v i_o consider_v the_o signification_n of_o allegiance_n as_o it_o be_v found_v in_o the_o law_n and_o explain_v by_o lawyer_n i_o be_o further_a to_o consider_v it_o as_o a_o word_n of_o vulgar_a signification_n also_o and_o as_o it_o be_v take_v and_o understand_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n for_o all_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v oblige_v by_o law_n and_o immemorial_n custom_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o their_o sovereign_n it_o be_v not_o credible_a they_o shall_v be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o those_o law_n term_n in_o which_o few_o be_v concern_v be_v by_o few_o understand_v but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o universal_a concernment_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v also_o universal_o understand_v who_o know_v not_o the_o meaning_n of_o parliament_n jury_n assize_n that_o be_v of_o any_o understanding_n the_o word_n allegiance_n be_v of_o more_o near_o and_o universal_a concernment_n to_o all_o man_n it_o be_v therefore_o presume_v that_o no_o subject_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o the_o oath_n themselves_o which_o the_o subject_n have_v ever_o be_v enure_v to_o have_v sufficient_o teach_v they_o the_o duty_n intend_v by_o it_o that_o they_o must_v pay_v due_a obedience_n to_o the_o king_n that_o they_o must_v never_o assist_v his_o enemy_n that_o they_o must_v uphold_v his_o crown_n and_o sometime_o adventure_v even_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o his_o service_n thus_o much_o nature_n itself_o do_v teach_v they_o as_o it_o teach_v child_n to_o discharge_v the_o same_o duty_n towards_o parent_n but_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o prove_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o all_o man_n of_o tolerable_a understanding_n even_o among_o the_o common_a people_n do_v know_v that_o all_o these_o duty_n be_v include_v in_o true_a allegiance_n ask_v any_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n whether_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v true_a faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o k._n w._n do_v not_o violate_v his_o oath_n if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o assist_v k._n j._n to_o dethrone_v he_o whether_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o he_o against_o all_o his_o enemy_n to_o discover_v all_o the_o design_n of_o k._n j._n against_o he_o that_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o when_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o necessity_n require_v it_o to_o contribute_v his_o actual_a assistance_n also_o to_o oppose_v his_o recovery_n of_o the_o crown_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o he_o will_v answer_v that_o his_o allegiance_n bind_v he_o to_o all_o this_o and_o that_o he_o be_v plain_o perjure_a if_o he_o do_v not_o perform_v it_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o common_a people_n as_o they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o those_o subtlety_n which_o man_n of_o learning_n be_v enure_v to_o so_o be_v they_o seldom_o pervert_v with_o those_o nice_a and_o sophistical_a distinction_n by_o which_o man_n of_o subtlety_n perplex_v thing_n plain_a and_o easy_a in_o themselves_o a_o mechanic_n and_o a_o peasant_n apprehend_v what_o motion_n be_v and_o what_o be_v perjury_n as_o well_o as_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n or_o the_o deep_a divine_a and_o they_o know_v what_o allegiance_n and_o faithfulness_n imply_v as_o well_o as_o the_o able_a lawyer_n and_o if_o you_o go_v about_o to_o blunder_v their_o understanding_n with_o distinction_n and_o objection_n they_o be_v but_o where_o they_o we_o 〈…〉_z and_o will_v still_o clear_o apprehend_v what_o they_o understand_v before_o and_o if_o