dare_v not_o rely_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o kingly_a office_n and_o trust_v for_o safety_n and_o protection_n by_o the_o law_n our_o english_a history_n afford_v many_o instance_n of_o those_o that_o have_v pretend_v to_o serve_v our_o king_n in_o this_o manner_n by_o undermine_v the_o people_n right_a and_o liberty_n who_o practice_n have_v sometime_o prove_v of_o fatal_a consequence_n to_o the_o king_n themselves_o but_o more_o frequent_o end_v in_o their_o own_o destruction_n but_o after_o all_o imagine_v it_o can_v be_v make_v out_o that_o this_o method_n of_o private_a examination_n by_o a_o grand_a jury_n which_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v before_o have_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o extreme_o necessary_a for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o to_o every_o private_a man_n security_n be_v inconvenient_a or_o mischievous_a and_o therefore_o fit_a to_o be_v change_v yet_o be_v so_o essential_a a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a law_n it_o be_v no_o otherwise_o alterable_a than_o by_o parliament_n we_o find_v by_o precedent_n that_o the_o bare_a form_n of_o indictment_n can_v not_o be_v reform_v by_o the_o judge_n the_o word_n depopulatores_fw-la agrorum_fw-la insidiatores_fw-la viarum_fw-la viet_fw-la armis_fw-la baculis_fw-la cultellis_fw-la arcubus_fw-la &_o sagittis_fw-la can_v not_o be_v leave_v out_o but_o by_o advice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o parliament_n a_o write_v issue_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ed._n 3._o give_v power_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v offence_n and_o all_o the_o justice_n resolve_v cok._n 4._o inst_z pag._n 164._o that_o they_o can_v not_o lawful_o act_v have_v their_o authority_n by_o writ_n where_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v it_o by_o commission_n though_o it_o be_v in_o the_o form_n and_o word_n that_o the_o legal_a commission_n ought_v to_o be_v john_n knivett_n chief_a justice_n by_o advice_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n resolve_v that_o the_o say_v write_v be_v contra_fw-la legem_fw-la and_o where_o divers_a indictment_n be_v before_o they_o find_v against_o t._n s._n the_o same_o &_o all_o that_o be_v do_v by_o colour_n of_o that_o writ_n be_v damn_v if_o in_o such_o seem_a little_a thing_n as_o these_o and_o many_o other_o that_o may_v be_v instance_a the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o nation_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o intrust_v the_o judge_n but_o reserve_v the_o consideration_n of_o they_o to_o the_o legislative_a power_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o they_o shall_v subject_v to_o the_o discretion_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o judge_n those_o important_a point_n in_o the_o establish_v course_n of_o the_o administer_a justice_n whereupon_o depend_v the_o safety_n of_o all_o the_o subject_n life_n and_o fortune_n if_o judge_n will_v take_v upon_o themselves_o to_o alter_v the_o constant_a practice_n they_o must_v either_o alter_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n or_o continue_v it_o if_o they_o shall_v alter_v it_o so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o sail_v with_o any_o such_o new_a method_n and_o thus_o in_o appearance_n charitable_o provide_v that_o the_o grand_a jury_n shall_v not_o take_v a_o mock_n oath_n or_o forswear_v themselves_o they_o then_o make_v a_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o authority_n of_o parliament_n who_o only_o can_v make_v new_a or_o change_v old_a legal_a oath_n and_o all_o the_o proceed_n thereupon_o will_v be_v void_a if_o they_o shall_v continue_v constant_o to_o impose_v the_o same_o oath_n as_o well_o when_o they_o have_v notice_n from_o the_o king_n that_o the_o jury_n shall_v not_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v his_o secret_n and_o their_o own_o as_o when_o they_o have_v none_o they_o must_v assume_v to_o make_v the_o same_o form_n of_o law_n to_o be_v of_o force_n and_o no_o force_n and_o the_o same_o word_n to_o bind_v the_o conscience_n as_o they_o will_v have_v they_o whereby_o they_o will_v profane_v the_o natural_a religion_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o bring_v a_o foul_a scandal_n upon_o christianity_n by_o trifle_v worse_o than_o heathen_n in_o that_o sacred_a matter_n and_o whilst_o the_o judge_n find_v themselves_o under_o the_o necessity_n of_o administer_a the_o oath_n unto_o grand_a jury_n and_o not_o suffer_v they_o to_o observe_v it_o according_a unto_o their_o conscience_n they_o will_v confess_v the_o illegality_n of_o their_o own_o proceed_n and_o can_v never_o be_v able_a to_o repair_v the_o breach_n by_o pretend_v a_o tacit_a implication_n if_o the_o king_n will_v but_o must_v unavoidable_o fall_v under_o that_o approve_a maxim_n of_o our_o law_n maledicta_fw-la est_fw-la interpretatio_fw-la quae_fw-la corrumpit_fw-la textum_fw-la it_o be_v a_o curse_a interpretation_n that_o dissolve_v the_o text._n there_o be_v two_o vulgar_a error_n concern_v the_o duty_n of_o grand_a jury_n which_o if_o not_o remove_v will_n in_o time_n destroy_v all_o the_o benefit_n we_o can_v expect_v from_o that_o constitution_n by_o turn_v they_o into_o a_o mere_a matter_n of_o form_n which_o be_v design_v for_o so_o great_a ends._n many_o have_v of_o late_a thought_n and_o affirm_v it_o for_o law_n that_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v neither_o to_o make_v so_o strict_a inquiry_n into_o matter_n before_o they_o nor_o to_o look_v for_o so_o clear_a evidence_n of_o the_o crime_n as_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n but_o that_o of_o their_o presentment_n be_v to_o pass_v a_o second_o examination_n they_o ought_v to_o indict_v upon_o a_o superficial_a inquiry_n and_o bare_a probability_n whereas_o shall_v either_o of_o these_o opinion_n be_v admit_v the_o prejudice_n to_o the_o subject_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o total_a lay_v aside_o grand_a jury_n there_o be_v in_o truth_n no_o difference_n between_o arraign_v without_o any_o presentment_n from_o they_o at_o all_o and_o their_o present_v upon_o slight_a ground_n for_o the_o first_o that_o grand_a jury_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v so_o strict_a inquiry_n it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o we_o may_v know_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o oath_n shall_v be_v obligatory_a unto_o a_o petit_fw-fr jury_n and_o not_o unto_o the_o grand_a or_o in_o what_o point_n they_o may_v lawful_o and_o with_o good_a conscience_n omit_v that_o exactness_n whether_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o witness_n and_o their_o credibility_n or_o the_o fact_n and_o all_o its_o circumstance_n or_o the_o testimony_n and_o its_o weight_n or_o last_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o prisoner_n and_o probability_n of_o his_o guilt_n and_o withal_o upon_o what_o ground_n of_o law_n or_o reason_v their_o opinion_n be_v found_v on_o the_o contrary_n he_o that_o will_v consider_v either_o the_o oath_n they_o take_v or_o the_o commission_n where_o their_o duty_n be_v describe_v will_v find_v in_o all_o point_n that_o there_o lie_v a_o equal_a obligation_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o petit_fw-fr juries_n they_o swear_v diligent_o to_o inquire_v and_o true_a presentment_n make_v etc._n etc._n and_o to_o present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n &_o terminer_n their_o duty_n with_o that_o of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v thus_o describe_v ad_fw-la inquirendum_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la etc._n etc._n per_fw-la quos_fw-la rei_fw-la veritas_fw-la melius_fw-la sciri_fw-la poterit_fw-la de_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la proditionibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n confoederationibus_fw-la falsis_fw-la allegantiis_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la accessoriis_fw-la eorundem_fw-la etc._n etc._n per_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la &_o qualitercunque_fw-la habit_n fact_n perpetrat_fw-la sive_fw-la commiss_n et_fw-la per_fw-la quos_fw-la et_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la cvi_fw-la vel_fw-la quibus_fw-la quando_fw-la qualiter_fw-la vel_fw-la quomodo_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr aliis_fw-la articulis_fw-la &_o circumstantiis_fw-la praemis_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la vel_fw-la aliqua_fw-la qualitercunque_fw-la concernen_fw-ge to_o inquire_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o honest_a and_o lawful_a man_n etc._n etc._n by_o who_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v best_a know_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n confederacy_n false_a testimony_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o the_o accessory_n etc._n etc._n by_o whosoever_o or_o howsoever_o do_v perpetrate_v or_o commit_v by_o who_o or_o to_o who_o how_o in_o what_o way_n or_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o of_o other_o article_n and_o circumstance_n premise_v and_o of_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o thing_n howsoever_o concern_v the_o same_o now_o for_o any_o man_n after_o this_o to_o maintain_v that_o grand_a jury_n be_v not_o to_o inquire_v or_o not_o careful_o be_v as_o much_o as_o in_o plain_a term_n to_o say_v they_o be_v bind_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o commission_n and_o their_o oath_n and_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n according_a to_o the_o obligation_n of_o law_n and_o conscience_n which_o they_o lie_v under_o without_o a_o strict_a inquiry_n into_o particular_n be_v to_o affirm_v that_o the_o end_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o the_o mean_n necessary_a unto_o it_o the_o truth_n be_v
their_o go_n such_o aught_o to_o be_v their_o speed_n to_o make_v know_v the_o treason_n or_o if_o in_o any_o case_n they_o be_v otherwise_o open_o flagitious_a though_o they_o be_v not_o legal_o infamous_a or_o if_o they_o be_v man_n of_o desperate_a fortune_n so_o that_o the_o temptation_n of_o want_n be_v manifest_o strong_a upon_o they_o and_o the_o restraint_n of_o conscience_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o what_o ever_o they_o say_v be_v at_o least_o to_o be_v hear_v with_o extraordinary_a caution_n if_o not_o total_o reject_v in_o scotland_n such_o a_o degree_n of_o poverty_n 26.3_o s._n g._n mackâ—zy_n crim._n law_n lib._n 26.3_o that_o a_o witness_n can_v swear_v himself_o to_o be_v worth_a ten_o pound_n be_v sufficient_a to_o lay_v he_o aside_o whole_o in_o these_o high_a concernment_n of_o criminal_a case_n and_o in_o some_o other_o kingdom_n to_o be_v a_o loose_a liver_n be_v a_o objection_n of_o the_o same_o force_n against_o any_o produce_v for_o witness_n and_o for_o the_o better_a discovery_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o fact_n in_o question_n the_o credit_n of_o the_o witness_n and_o the_o value_n of_o the_o testimony_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o grand_a inquest_n to_o be_v well_o inform_v concern_v the_o party_n indict_v of_o their_o usual_a residence_n their_o estate_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v their_o companion_n and_o friend_n with_o who_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o converse_v such_o knowledge_n be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o good_a judgement_n upon_o most_o accusation_n but_o most_o of_o all_o in_o suspicion_n or_o indictment_n of_o secret_a treason_n or_o treasonable_a word_n where_o the_o accuser_n can_v be_v of_o no_o credit_n if_o it_o be_v altogether_o incredible_a that_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o testify_v shall_v come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n sometime_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o accuse_a person_n may_v set_v he_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o witness_n that_o he_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v converse_v with_o they_o familiar_o if_o his_o wisdom_n and_o conduct_n have_v be_v always_o such_o that_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a he_o will_v trust_v man_n so_o inconsiderable_a or_o mere_a stranger_n to_o he_o and_o such_o as_o be_v whole_o uncapable_a to_o assist_v in_o the_o design_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o discover_v can_v the_o grand_a inquest_n believe_v such_o testimony_n to_o be_v of_o any_o value_n or_o can_v they_o avoid_v suspect_v malice_n combination_n and_o subornation_n in_o such_o a_o case_n or_o can_v they_o show_v themselves_o to_o be_v just_a and_o conscientious_a in_o their_o duty_n if_o they_o do_v not_o suspend_v their_o verdict_n until_o further_a enquiry_n and_o write_v ignoramus_n upon_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v undoubted_o law_n which_o we_o find_v report_v in_o style_n 11._o stiles_n repor_fw-la 11._o that_o though_o there_o be_v witness_n who_o prove_v the_o bill_n yet_o the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o find_v it_o if_o they_o see_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n now_o to_o make_v their_o enquiry_n more_o instrumental_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n they_o be_v enjoin_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o keep_v secret_a the_o king_n counsel_n their_o fellow_n and_o their_o own_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o understand_v or_o consider_v what_o duty_n be_v enjoin_v to_o every_o man_n of_o a_o grand_a inquest_n by_o this_o clause_n of_o their_o oath_n be_v seldom_o if_o ever_o explain_v to_o they_o in_o the_o general_a charge_n of_o the_o judge_n at_o session_n or_o assize_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v apprehend_v what_o counsel_n of_o the_o king_n be_v trust_v with_o they_o certain_o there_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v much_o more_o of_o it_o communicate_v to_o they_o than_o be_v common_o think_v and_o in_o thing_n of_o the_o great_a consequence_n to_o they_o aught_o to_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o several_a county_n where_o any_o prosecution_n be_v begin_v the_o first_o information_n and_o suspicion_n of_o all_o treason_n murder_n felony_n conspiracy_n and_o other_o crime_n which_o may_v subvert_v the_o government_n endanger_v or_o hurt_v the_o king_n or_o destroy_v the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o the_o innocent_a people_n or_o any_o way_n disquiet_a or_o disturb_v the_o common_a peace_n our_o law_n intend_v the_o council_n of_o the_o king_n to_o be_v continual_o upon_o the_o protection_n and_o security_n of_o the_o people_n and_o prevention_n of_o all_o their_o mischief_n and_o danger_n by_o wicked_a lawless_a and_o injurious_a man_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o to_o be_v advise_v how_o to_o right_v his_o wrong_a subject_n in_o general_a if_o the_o public_a safety_n be_v hazard_v by_o treason_n of_o any_o kind_n or_o their_o relation_n snatch_v from_o they_o by_o murderer_n or_o any_o way_n destroy_v by_o malicious_a conspirator_n in_o form_n of_o law_n or_o their_o estate_n take_v away_o by_o robbery_n and_o thief_n or_o the_o peace_n break_v and_o for_o these_o end_n to_o bring_v to_o exemplary_a justice_n all_o offender_n to_o deter_v other_o from_o the_o like_a wickedness_n and_o until_o these_o counsel_n of_o the_o king_n come_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n he_o can_v bring_v no_o such_o criminal_n to_o judgement_n or_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o accusation_n and_o suggestion_n against_o they_o hence_o it_o become_v unavoidable_o necessary_a to_o reveal_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n all_o that_o have_v be_v discover_v to_o the_o king_n or_o any_o of_o his_o minister_n judge_n or_o justice_n concern_v any_o treason_n or_o other_o offence_n whereof_o any_o man_n be_v accuse_v and_o where_o suspicion_n have_v cause_v any_o to_o be_v imprison_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o their_o suspicion_n ought_v to_o be_v open_v concern_v the_o principal_n and_o the_o accessory_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o fact_n all_o the_o circumstance_n and_o presumption_n that_o may_v induce_v a_o belief_n of_o their_o gild_n and_o all_o notice_n whatsoever_o which_o may_v enable_v the_o jury_n to_o make_v a_o more_o exact_a and_o effectual_a enquiry_n and_o to_o present_v the_o whole_a truth_n they_o themselves_o will_v not_o only_o be_v offender_n against_o god_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o oath_n but_o subject_a to_o legal_a punishment_n if_o they_o know_o conceal_v any_o criminal_n and_o leave_v they_o unpresented_a and_o none_o can_v be_v innocent_a who_o shall_v conceal_v from_o they_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v help_v and_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o duty_n the_o first_o notice_n of_o crime_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o criminal_n by_o whosoever_o bring_v in_o and_o the_o intention_n of_o search_v they_o out_o and_o prosecute_a they_o legal_o be_v call_v the_o king_n counsel_n because_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o execute_v justice_n be_v entrust_v to_o he_o and_o they_o be_v to_o be_v prosecute_v at_o his_o suit_n and_o in_o his_o name_n and_o such_o proceed_n be_v call_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n from_o hence_o may_v be_v easy_o conclude_v that_o the_o king_n counsel_n which_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v secret_a include_v all_o the_o person_n offer_v to_o they_o to_o be_v indict_v and_o all_o the_o matter_n bring_v in_o evidence_n before_o they_o all_o circumstance_n whatsoever_o whereof_o they_o be_v inform_v which_o may_v any_o way_n conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o offence_n all_o intimation_n give_v they_o of_o abettor_n and_o encourager_n of_o treason_n felony_n or_o perjury_n and_o conspiracy_n or_o of_o the_o receiver_n harbourer_n nourisher_n and_o concealer_n of_o such_o criminal_n likewise_o the_o oath_n which_o enjoin_v the_o counsel_n of_o their_o fellow_n and_o their_o own_o to_o be_v keep_v imply_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o reveal_v any_o of_o their_o personal_a knowledge_n concern_v offence_n or_o offender_n nor_o their_o intention_n to_o indict_v any_o man_n thereupon_o nor_o any_o of_o the_o proposal_n and_o advice_n among_o they_o of_o way_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o matter_n before_o they_o either_o about_o the_o crime_n themselves_o or_o the_o accuser_n and_o witness_n or_o the_o party_n accuse_v nor_o the_o debate_n thereupon_o among_o themselves_o nor_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinionin_n any_o case_n before_o they_o certain_o this_o duty_n of_o secrecy_n concern_v the_o king_n counsel_n be_v impose_v upon_o the_o grand_a inquest_n with_o great_a reason_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a good_a it_o be_v intend_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v all_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o several_a case_n will_v afford_v to_o make_v effectual_a inquiry_n after_o criminal_n to_o offer_v they_o to_o justice_n if_o pack_n of_o thief_n private_a murderer_n secret_a traitor_n or_o conspirator_n and_o suborner_n can_v get_v intelligence_n of_o all_o that_o be_v know_v of_o their_o villainy_n all_o the_o party_n concern_v may_v
sometime_o cause_v to_o come_v before_o the_o king_n council_n by_o writ_n and_o otherwise_o upon_o grievous_a pain_n against_o the_o law_n it_o be_v assent_v and_o accord_v for_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o no_o man_n be_v put_v to_o answer_v without_o presentment_n before_o justice_n or_o matter_n of_o record_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o old_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v to_o the_o contrary_a it_o shall_v be_v void_a in_o law_n etc._n etc._n and_o say_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25_o of_o e._n 3.4_o none_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o petition_n or_o suggestion_n make_v to_o the_o king_n or_o to_o his_o council_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o indictment_n or_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a people_n of_o the_o same_o neighbourhood_n where_o such_o deed_n be_v do_v etc._n etc._n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o a_o grand_a jury_n all_o our_o life_n be_v thus_o by_o law_n trust_v to_o the_o care_n of_o our_o grand_a inquest_n that_o none_o may_v be_v put_v to_o answer_v for_o their_o life_n unless_o they_o indict_v they_o if_o a_o causeless_a indictment_n of_o any_o man_n shall_v careless_o pass_v from_o they_o his_o guiltless_a blood_n or_o what_o prejudice_n soever_o the_o accuse_v shall_v thereby_o suffer_v must_v rest_v upon_o they_o who_o by_o breach_n of_o their_o trust_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o it_o their_o fault_n can_v be_v excuse_v by_o the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o attorney_n or_o solicitor_n general_n or_o any_o other_o accuser_n if_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o be_v more_o true_o inform_v in_o the_o case_n whosoever_o prevent_v not_o a_o evil_a when_o he_o may_v consent_v to_o it_o now_o to_o oblige_v these_o juries_n to_o the_o more_o conscientious_a care_n to_o indict_v all_o that_o shall_v appear_v to_o they_o criminal_n and_o to_o save_v every_o innocent_a if_o it_o may_v be_v from_o unjust_a vexation_n and_o danger_n by_o malice_n and_o conspiracy_n our_o ancestor_n appoint_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o which_o can_v be_v alter_v except_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o every_o grand_a jury_n man_n be_v swear_v as_o the_o foreman_n in_o the_o word_n follow_v viz._n you_o shall_v diligent_o inquire_v and_o true_a presentment_n make_v of_o all_o such_o article_n matter_n and_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v you_o in_o charge_n and_o of_o all_o other_o matter_n and_o thing_n as_o shall_v come_v to_o your_o own_o knowledge_n touch_v this_o present_a service_n the_o king_n council_n your_o fellow_n and_o your_o own_o you_o shall_v keep_v secret_a you_o shall_v present_v no_o person_n for_o hatred_n or_o malice_n neither_o shall_v you_o leave_v any_o one_o unpresented_a for_o favour_n or_o affection_n for_o love_n or_o gain_n or_o any_o hope_n thereof_o but_o in_o all_o thing_n you_o shall_v present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truâ—â—_n to_o the_o best_a of_o your_o knowledge_n so_o hâ—â—_n you_o god_n the_o tenor_n of_o the_o oath_n plain_a save_v in_o those_o word_n all_o suâ—â—_n matter_n and_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v give_v 〈◊〉_d in_o charge_n but_o whensoever_o a_o general_a commission_n of_o over_n and_o terminer_n issue_v all_o capital_a offence_n be_v always_o 〈◊〉_d principal_a matter_n give_v in_o charge_n to_o 〈◊〉_d grand_a jury_n which_o be_v enough_o for_o 〈◊〉_d present_a discourse_n oâ—_n their_o duty_n heâ—â—_n than_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o eveâ—_n grand_fw-fr jury_n be_v bind_v to_o inquire_v dâ—â—_n gentle_o after_o the_o truth_n of_o every_o thiâ—â—_n for_o which_o they_o shall_v indict_v or_o present_v â—ny_a man_n they_o be_v not_o only_o bind_v 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o eternal_a law_n of_o love_v the_o neighbour_n to_o be_v as_o tender_v of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o good_a name_n of_o every_o man_n as_o of_o the_o own_o and_o therefore_o to_o take_v heed_n to_o the_o truth_n in_o accuse_v or_o indict_v any_o man_n but_o their_o express_a oath_n bind_v they_o to_o 〈◊〉_d diligent_a in_o their_o inquiry_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d receive_v no_o suggestion_n of_o any_o crime_n 〈◊〉_d truth_n without_o examine_v all_o the_o circumstance_n about_o it_o that_o fall_v within_o the_o knowledge_n they_o ought_v to_o consider_v the_o first_o informer_n and_o inquire_v as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v into_o their_o aim_n and_o pretence_n in_o their_o prosecution_n if_o revenge_n or_o gain_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v their_o end_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a suspicion_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o accusation_n the_o law_n intend_v all_o indictment_n to_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o people_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o 42_o e._n 3.3_o next_o the_o jury_n be_v bind_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o matter_n themselves_o whereof_o any_o man_n be_v accuse_v as_o to_o the_o time_n place_n and_o all_o other_o circumstance_n of_o the_o fact_n allege_v there_o have_v be_v false_a informer_n that_o have_v suggest_v thing_n impossible_a for_o instance_n that_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n in_o arm_n be_v keep_v in_o readiness_n for_o a_o exploit_n in_o a_o secret_a place_n as_o if_o they_o can_v have_v be_v hide_v in_o a_o chamber_n or_o a_o cabinet_n the_o jury_n ought_v also_o to_o inquire_v after_o the_o witness_n their_o condition_n and_o quality_n their_o fame_n and_o reputation_n their_o mean_n of_o subsistence_n and_o the_o occasion_n whereby_o the_o fact_n whereof_o they_o bear_v witness_n come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n sometime_o person_n of_o debaucheâ—_n life_n and_o low_a condition_n have_v deposeâ—_n discourse_n and_o treasonable_a council_n against_o person_n of_o honour_n and_o virtue_n so_o unlikely_a to_o come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n if_o such_o thing_n have_v be_v that_o their_o pretence_n of_o be_v privy_a to_o they_o be_v strong_a evidence_n that_o their_o whole_a story_n be_v false_a and_o feign_a it_o be_v also_o agreeable_a unto_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o practice_n and_o of_o great_a consequence_n in_o case_n 〈◊〉_d treason_n or_o felony_n that_o the_o jury_n inquire_v after_o the_o time_n when_o first_o the_o matter_n depose_v come_v to_o the_o witness_n knowledge_n and_o whether_o they_o pursue_v the_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o immediatâ—_n discovery_n and_o pursuit_n of_o the_o traitor_n oâ—_n felon_n by_o hue_n and_o cry_n or_o otherwise_o oâ—_n how_o long_o they_o conceal_v the_o same_o their_o testimony_n be_v of_o little_a or_o no_o value_n iâ—_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o partakeâ—_n of_o the_o crime_n by_o their_o voluntary_a concealment_n neither_o may_v the_o jury_n lawful_o omiâ—_n to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o party_n accuse_v of_o their_o quality_n reputation_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o conversation_n with_o many_o other_o circumstance_n from_o whence_o they_o may_v be_v great_o help_v to_o make_v right_a inference_n of_o the_o falsehood_n or_o truth_n of_o the_o crime_n whereof_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v accuse_v the_o jury_n ought_v to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o nothing_o whereof_o they_o can_v inquire_v or_o be_v inform_v that_o may_v in_o their_o understanding_n enable_v they_o to_o make_v a_o true_a presentment_n or_o indictment_n of_o the_o matter_n before_o they_o when_o a_o grand_a jury_n be_v swear_v to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o all_o treason_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v natural_a and_o necessary_a to_o their_o business_n to_o think_v of_o who_o they_o shall_v inquire_v and_o it_o be_v plain_o and_o easy_o resolve_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o inquire_v of_o every_o man_n that_o can_v or_o will_v inform_v they_o and_o if_o any_o kind_n of_o treason_n be_v suggest_v to_o they_o to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o any_o man_n or_o number_n of_o man_n their_o duty_n be_v the_o same_o in_o that_o particular_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o general_a that_o be_v to_o seek_v diligent_o to_o find_v the_o truth_n it_o be_v certain_o inconsistent_a with_o their_o oath_n to_o shut_v their_o ear_n against_o any_o lawful_a man_n that_o can_v tell_v they_o any_o thing_n relate_v unto_o a_o crime_n in_o question_n before_o they_o no_o man_n will_v believe_v nor_o can_v they_o themselves_o think_v that_o they_o desire_v to_o find_v anâ—_n present_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o fact_n if_o they_o shaâ—â—_n refuse_v to_o hear_v any_o man_n who_o shall_v pretend_v such_o knowledge_n of_o it_o or_o such_o material_a circumstance_n as_o may_v be_v useful_a to_o discover_v it_o whether_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v say_v by_o the_o pretender_n will_v answer_v the_o juries_n expectation_n must_v reâ—â—_n in_o their_o judgement_n when_o they_o have_v heaâ—â—_n they_o it_o seem_v therefore_o from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n that_o there_o be_v no_o bound_n or_o limit_v set_v save_o their_o own_o understanding_n or_o conscience_n to_o restrain_v they_o to_o and_o number_n or_o sort_n of_o person_n of_o who_o they_o
be_v bind_v to_o inquire_v they_o ought_v firâ—â—_n and_o principal_o to_o inquire_v of_o one_o another_o mutual_o what_o knowledge_n each_o of_o theâ—_n have_v of_o any_o matter_n in_o question_n before_o they_o the_o law_n presume_v that_o some_o at_o leaâ—â—_n of_o so_o many_o sufficient_a man_n of_o a_o county_n must_v know_v or_o have_v hear_v of_o all_o notable_a thing_n do_v there_o against_o the_o public_a peace_n for_o that_o end_n the_o jury_n be_v by_o the_o law_n to_o be_v of_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v if_o the_o party_n and_o the_o fact_n whereof_o they_o be_v accuse_v be_v know_v to_o the_o jury_n or_o any_o of_o they_o their_o own_o knowledge_n will_v supply_v the_o room_n of_o many_o witness_n next_o they_o ought_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o such_o witness_n as_o the_o prosecutor_n will_v produce_v against_o the_o accuse_v they_o be_v bind_v to_o examine_v all_o full_o and_o prudent_o to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o skill_n every_o jury_n man_n ought_v to_o ask_v such_o question_n by_o the_o foreman_n at_o least_o as_o he_o think_v necessary_a to_o resolve_v any_o doubt_n that_o may_v arise_v in_o he_o either_o about_o the_o fact_n or_o the_o witness_n or_o otherwise_o if_o the_o jury_n be_v then_o doubtful_a they_o ought_v to_o receive_v all_o such_o further_a testimony_n as_o shall_v be_v offer_v they_o and_o to_o send_v for_o such_o as_o any_o of_o they_o do_v think_v able_a to_o give_v testimony_n in_o the_o case_n depend_v if_o it_o be_v ask_v how_o or_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o juries_n shall_v inquire_v the_o answer_n be_v ready_a according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o understanding_n they_o only_o not_o the_o judge_n be_v swear_v to_o search_v diligent_o to_o find_v out_o all_o treason_n etc._n etc._n within_o their_o charge_n and_o they_o must_v and_o aught_o to_o use_v their_o own_o discretion_n in_o the_o way_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o enquiry_n no_o direction_n can_v legal_o be_v impose_v upon_o they_o by_o any_o court_n or_o judge_n a_o honest_a jury_n wilâ—_n thankful_o accept_v good_a advice_n from_o judge_n as_o they_o be_v assistant_n but_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o present_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o own_v not_o the_o judge_n knowledge_n neither_o caâ—_n they_o without_o breach_n of_o that_o oath_n resign_v their_o conscience_n or_o blind_o submit_v to_o the_o dictate_v of_o other_o and_o therefore_o aught_o to_o receive_v or_o reject_v such_o advice_n as_o they_o judge_v they_o good_a or_o bad_a if_o the_o jury_n suspect_v a_o combination_n oâ—_n witness_n against_o any_o man_n life_n which_o perhaps_o the_o judge_n do_v not_o discern_v and_o think_v it_o needful_a to_o examine_v they_o private_o and_z separately_z the_o discretion_n of_o the_o jury_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v their_o only_a best_a and_o lawful_a guide_n though_o the_o example_n of_o all_o age_n and_o country_n in_o examine_v suspect_v witness_n private_o and_o separately_z may_v be_v a_o good_a direction_n to_o they_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o plain_a and_o express_v than_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n the_o juror_n need_v not_o search_v the_o law_n book_n nor_o tumble_v over_o heap_n of_o old_a record_n for_o the_o explanation_n of_o they_o our_o great_a lawyer_n may_v from_o hence_o learn_v more_o certain_o our_o ancient_a law_n in_o this_o case_n than_o from_o all_o the_o book_n in_o their_o stueid_n the_o language_n wherein_o the_o oath_n be_v pen_v be_v know_v and_o understand_v by_o every_o man_n and_o the_o word_n in_o it_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n as_o they_o have_v wheresoever_o else_o they_o be_v use_v the_o judge_n without_o assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o legislative_a power_n can_v put_v a_o new_a sense_n upon_o they_o other_o than_o according_a to_o their_o genuine_a common_a meaning_n they_o can_v magisterial_o impose_v their_o opinion_n upon_o the_o jury_n and_o make_v they_o forsake_v the_o direct_a word_n of_o their_o oath_n to_o pursue_v their_o gloss_n the_o grand_a inquest_n be_v bind_v to_o observe_v alike_o strict_o every_o part_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o to_o use_v all_o just_a and_o proper_a way_n which_o may_v enable_v they_o full_o to_o perform_v it_o otherwise_o it_o be_v to_o say_v that_o after_o man_n have_v swear_v to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o truth_n according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o knowledge_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o forsake_v all_o the_o natural_a and_o proper_a mean_n which_o their_o understanding_n suggest_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o it_o if_o it_o be_v command_v by_o the_o judge_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o combination_n of_o the_o witness_n or_o that_o corruption_n and_o subornation_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o they_o can_v be_v restrain_v from_o ask_v all_o such_o question_n as_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o sift_v out_o of_o the_o truth_n nor_o from_o examine_v the_o witness_n private_o and_o separately_z 26._o fort._n d._n land_n leg._n ang._n cap._n 26._o lest_o as_o fortescue_n say_v the_o say_n of_o one_o shall_v provoke_v or_o instruct_v other_o to_o say_v the_o like_a nor_o be_v the_o jury_n tie_v up_o to_o inquire_v only_o of_o such_o crime_n as_o the_o judge_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v they_o direct_o in_o charge_n much_o less_o of_o such_o bill_n only_o as_o shall_v be_v offer_v to_o they_o but_o their_o enquiry_n ought_v to_o extend_v to_o all_o other_o matter_n and_o thing_n which_o shall_v come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n touch_v the_o present_a service_n if_o they_o have_v ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o any_o accusation_n before_o they_o proceed_v from_o a_o conspiracy_n they_o be_v oblige_v by_o their_o oath_n to_o turn_v the_o enquiry_n that_o way_n and_o if_o they_o find_v cause_n not_o only_o to_o reject_v the_o bill_n offer_v upon_o such_o testimony_n but_o to_o indict_v such_o witness_n and_o all_o the_o abettor_n of_o their_o villainy_n they_o be_v careful_o to_o examine_v what_o sort_n of_o man_n the_o witness_n be_v for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n in_o all_o law_n that_o turpes_fw-la à _fw-la tribunalibus_fw-la arcentur_fw-la vile_a person_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v by_o court_n of_o justice_n such_o witness_n will_v destroy_v justice_n instead_o of_o promote_a it_o and_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o admit_v such_o they_o may_v and_o ought_v if_o they_o have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o they_o to_o ask_v the_o witness_n themselves_o of_o their_o condition_n and_o way_n of_o live_v and_o all_o other_o question_n which_o may_v best_o inform_v they_o what_o sort_n of_o man_n they_o be_v it_o be_v true_a it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o witness_n in_o many_o case_n to_o refuse_v to_o give_v answer_n to_o some_o demand_n which_o the_o jury_n may_v make_v as_o where_o it_o will_v be_v to_o accuse_v themselves_o of_o crime_n but_o yet_o that_o very_a refusal_n or_o avoid_v to_o give_v direct_a answer_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o jury_n who_o only_a business_n be_v to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n and_o who_o will_v be_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n enable_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o credit_n of_o such_o witness_n as_o dare_v not_o clear_v themselves_o of_o crime_n which_o common_a fame_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o some_o of_o the_o grand_a inquest_n have_v charge_v they_o with_o if_o the_o witness_n which_o come_v before_o the_o grand_a jury_n upon_o a_o indictment_n for_o treason_n shall_v discover_v upon_o their_o examination_n that_o they_o conceal_v it_o a_o long_a tiâ—e_n without_o just_a impediment_n the_o presumption_n of_o law_n will_v be_v strong_a against_o they_o that_o no_o sense_n of_o honesty_n 〈◊〉_d of_o their_o duty_n bring_v they_o at_o last_o to_o reveal_v it_o it_o appear_v by_o bracton_n that_o ancient_a writer_n of_o our_o law_n aâ—diendus_fw-la brac._n l._n 3._o c._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d morari_fw-la dâ—bet_fw-la etc._n etc._n nâ—â—_n dâ—bet_fw-la ad_fw-la aliqua_fw-la negâ—â—ia_fw-la quaâ—â—is_fw-la urgentissima_fw-la so_o convertere_fw-la quiâ—_n vix_fw-la permittitur_fw-la ei_fw-la quòd_fw-la retro_fw-la aspiciat_fw-la etc._n etc._n si_fw-mi post_fw-la intervallum_fw-la accusare_fw-la velit_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la de_fw-fr jure_fw-la aâ—diendus_fw-la that_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n the_o juries_n be_v in_o his_o day_n advise_v as_o now_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o severe_a in_o their_o enquiry_n within_o what_o time_n the_o witness_n discover_v the_o treason_n after_o it_o come_v to_o their_o knowledge_n that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o evident_a that_o they_o reveal_v it_o with_o as_o much_o expedition_n as_o be_v well_o possible_a for_o they_o they_o be_v not_o by_o law_n no_o be_v hear_v as_o witness_n it_o be_v scarce_o permit_v they_o say_v he_o to_o look_v back_o in_o
and_o destroy_v the_o innocent_a this_o be_v to_o turn_v a_o legal_a king_n into_o a_o nimrod_n a_o hunter_n of_o man_n this_o be_v not_o to_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o father_n or_o a_o shepherd_n who_o be_v ready_a to_o lay_v down_o his_o life_n for_o his_o sheep_n but_o such_o as_o the_o psalmist_n complain_v of_o who_o eat_v up_o the_o people_n as_o if_o they_o eat_v bread_n jezebel_n do_v perhaps_o applaud_v she_o own_o wit_n and_o think_v she_o have_v do_v a_o great_a service_n to_o the_o king_n by_o find_v out_o man_n of_o belial_n judge_n and_o witness_n to_o bring_v naboth_n to_o be_v stone_v but_o that_o unregarded_a blood_n be_v a_o canker_n or_o the_o plague_n of_o leprosy_n in_o his_o throne_n and_o family_n which_o can_v not_o be_v cure_v but_o by_o its_o overthrow_n and_o extinction_n but_o if_o the_o attorney_n general_n can_v serve_v the_o king_n by_o abuse_v jury_n and_o subvert_v the_o innocent_a he_o can_v as_o little_a gain_v a_o advantage_n to_o himself_o by_o falsify_v his_o oath_n by_o the_o true_a meaning_n whereof_o he_o be_v to_o prosecute_v justice_n impartial_o and_o the_o eternal_a divine_a law_n will_v annul_v any_o oath_n or_o promise_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v take_v to_o the_o contrary_a even_o though_o his_o office_n have_v oblige_v he_o unto_o it_o the_o like_a obligation_n lie_v upon_o juror_n not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v delude_v or_o persuade_v that_o the_o judge_n king_n council_n or_o any_o other_o can_v dispense_v with_o that_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o which_o they_o have_v take_v before_o god_n unto_o the_o whole_a nation_n nor_o to_o think_v that_o they_o can_v swerve_v from_o the_o rule_v set_v by_o the_o law_n without_o a_o damnable_a breach_n of_o it_o the_o power_n of_o relate_v or_o dissolve_v conscientious_a obligation_n acknowledge_v in_o the_o pope_n make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a superstition_n and_o that_o grand_a impostor_n can_v never_o corrupt_a kingdom_n and_o nation_n to_o their_o destruction_n and_o the_o establishment_n of_o his_o tyranny_n until_o he_o have_v bring_v they_o to_o believe_v he_o can_v dispense_v with_o oath_n take_v by_o king_n unto_o their_o subject_n and_o by_o subject_n to_o their_o king_n nor_o impose_v so_o extravagant_a a_o error_n upon_o either_o until_o he_o have_v persuade_v they_o he_o be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o god_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v how_o the_o judge_n or_o king_n council_n can_v have_v the_o same_o power_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o title_n but_o we_o may_v be_v sure_o they_o may_v as_o well_o dispense_v with_o the_o whole_a oath_n as_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o can_v have_v no_o pretence_n unto_o either_o unless_o they_o have_v the_o key_n of_o heaven_n and_o hell_n in_o their_o keep_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o say_v the_o king_n as_o any_o other_o man_n may_v remit_v the_o oath_n take_v unto_o and_o for_o himself_o he_o be_v not_o a_o party_n for_o himself_o but_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o people_n and_o can_v dispose_v of_o their_o concernment_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o be_v give_v only_o in_o parliament_n the_o king_n council_n ought_v to_o remember_v they_o be_v in_o criminal_a case_n of_o council_n unto_o every_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v no_o way_n refer_v unto_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o unto_o they_o whether_o that_o secrecy_n enjoin_v by_o law_n be_v profitable_a unto_o the_o king_n or_o kingdom_n they_o must_v take_v the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v and_o render_v obedience_n unto_o it_o until_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o power_n that_o make_v it_o to_o this_o end_n the_o judge_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n viz._n 18_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 8._o and_o 20_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 1._o be_v swear_v to_o serve_v the_o people_n you_o shall_v serve_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n in_o the_o office_n of_o justice_n &c_n &c_n you_o shall_v deny_v to_o no_o man_n common_a right_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n nor_o no_o other_o man_n nor_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n and_o in_o default_n thereof_o in_o any_o point_n they_o be_v to_o forfeit_v their_o body_n land_n and_o good_n this_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v the_o people_n servant_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n further_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n they_o be_v require_v to_o assist_v every_o man_n that_o suffer_v injury_n and_o make_v diligent_a inquisition_n after_o all_o manner_n of_o falsehood_n deceit_n offence_n and_o wrong_v do_v to_o any_o man_n and_o thereupon_o to_o do_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n so_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a proceed_n in_o order_n unto_o trial_n and_o in_o the_o trial_n themselves_o the_o thing_n principal_o intend_v which_o several_a person_n be_v several_o in_o their_o capacity_n oblige_v to_o pursue_v be_v the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n the_o witness_n be_v to_o depose_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n thereupon_o the_o council_n for_o the_o king_n be_v to_o prosecute_v the_o grand_a jury_n to_o present_v and_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n to_o try_v these_o be_v several_a office_n but_o all_o to_o the_o same_o end_n it_o be_v not_o the_o prisoner_n but_o the_o crime_n that_o be_v to_o be_v pursue_v this_o primary_o the_o offender_n but_o by_o consequence_n and_o therefore_o such_o course_n must_v be_v take_v as_o may_v discover_v that_o and_o not_o such_o as_o may_v ensnare_v he_o when_o the_o offence_n be_v find_v the_o impartial_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n give_v the_o doom_n and_o the_o judge_n have_v no_o share_n in_o it_o but_o the_o pronounce_v of_o it_o till_o then_o the_o judge_n be_v only_o to_o preside_v and_o take_v care_n that_o every_o man_n else_o who_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o necessary_a affair_n do_v his_o duty_n according_a to_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o result_n of_o the_o whole_a transaction_n impartial_a justice_n may_v be_v do_v either_o to_o the_o acquittal_n or_o condemnation_n of_o the_o prisoner_n hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v why_o the_o judge_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o serve_v the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n and_o by_o commission_n to_o serve_v every_o one_o that_o suffer_v injury_n as_o they_o be_v to_o see_v that_o right_o be_v do_v to_o the_o king_n &_o his_o injure_v subject_n in_o discover_v of_o the_o delinquent_n so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o council_n with_o the_o prisoner_n who_o the_o law_n suppose_v may_v be_v ignorant_a as_o well_o as_o innocent_a and_o therefore_o have_v provide_v that_o the_o court_n shall_v be_v of_o council_n for_o he_o and_o as_o well_o inform_v he_o of_o what_o legal_a advantage_n the_o law_n allow_v he_o as_o to_o resolve_v any_o point_n of_o law_n when_o he_o shall_v propose_v it_o to_o they_o and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o this_o steady_a impartiality_n in_o the_o judge_n thus_o oblige_v by_o all_o that_o be_v hold_v sacred_a before_o god_n and_o man_n to_o be_v unbiased_a that_o the_o prisoner_n have_v no_o council_n for_o if_o the_o court_n faithful_o perform_v their_o duty_n the_o accuse_v can_v have_v no_o wrong_n or_o hardship_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o adviser_n now_o suppose_v a_o man_n perfect_o innocent_a and_o in_o some_o measure_n know_v in_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n or_o felony_n if_o the_o judge_n shall_v deny_v unto_o the_o grand_a jury_n the_o liberty_n of_o examine_v any_o witness_n except_o in_o open_a court_n where_o nothing_o shall_v be_v offer_v that_o may_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o prisoner_n but_o every_o thing_n aggravate_v that_o give_v colour_n for_o the_o accusation_n such_o person_n only_o produce_v as_o the_o king_n council_n or_o the_o prosecutor_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o call_v of_o who_o credit_n also_o the_o jury_n must_v not_o inquire_v but_o shall_v be_v control_v and_o browbeaten_a in_o ask_v question_n of_o such_o unknown_a witness_n for_o their_o own_o satisfaction_n if_o they_o have_v any_o tendency_n to_o discover_v the_o infamy_n of_o these_o witness_n or_o the_o falsehood_n of_o their_o testimony_n how_o can_v innocence_n secure_v any_o man_n from_o be_v arraign_v and_o if_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o forget_v in_o the_o further_a proceed_n upon_o the_o trial_n where_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n the_o prisoner_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o king_n council_n common_o not_o the_o most_o unlearned_a prepare_v with_o study_a speech_n and_o argument_n to_o make_v he_o black_a and_o odious_a and_o to_o strain_v all_o his_o word_n and_o to_o allege_v they_o for_o instance_n of_o his_o guilt_n if_o then_o all_o his_o private_a paper_n and_o note_n to_o help_v his_o memory_n in_o his_o plea_n and_o defence_n shall_v
many_o well_o polish_a kingdom_n several_a court_n of_o justice_n be_v institute_v who_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o same_o fact_n but_o so_o subordinate_a unto_o one_o another_o that_o in_o matter_n of_o life_n limb_n liberty_n or_o other_o important_a case_n there_o be_v a_o right_a of_o appeal_n from_o the_o inferior_a before_o which_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v to_o the_o superior_a where_o this_o be_v want_v mean_n have_v be_v find_v to_o give_v opportunity_n unto_o the_o judge_n to_o reflect_v upon_o their_o own_o sentence_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n have_v be_v do_v rash_o or_o through_o mistake_n it_o may_v be_v correct_v man_n even_o in_o his_o best_a estate_n seem_v to_o have_v need_n of_o some_o such_o help_n tiberius_n caesar_n be_v never_o accuse_v of_o too_o much_o lenity_n but_o when_o he_o hear_v that_o lutorius_n '_o priscus_n have_v be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n before_o the_o senate_n condemn_v and_o immediate_o put_v to_o death_n tam_fw-la praecipites_fw-la deprecatus_fw-la est_fw-la poenas_fw-la he_o desire_v that_o such_o sudden_a punishment_n may_v for_o the_o future_a be_v forbear_v and_o a_o law_n be_v thereupon_o make_v that_o no_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n shall_v in_o less_o than_o ten_o day_n be_v transmit_v to_o the_o treasury_n before_o which_o time_n it_o can_v not_o be_v execute_v tac._n an._n 3._o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n concern_v every_o man_n in_o england_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o our_o ancestor_n consider_v they_o and_o our_o constitution_n neither_o admit_v of_o subordinate_a judicature_n from_o whence_o appeal_n may_v be_v make_v nor_o give_v opportunity_n unto_o jury_n to_o re-examine_a their_o verdict_n after_o they_o be_v give_v they_o can_v not_o find_v a_o way_n more_o suitable_a unto_o the_o rule_n of_o wisdom_n justice_n and_o mercy_n than_o to_o appoint_v two_o jury_n with_o equal_a care_n according_a unto_o different_a method_n the_o one_o in_o private_a and_o at_o leisure_n the_o other_o public_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n and_o more_o speedy_a to_o pass_v upon_o every_o man_n so_o as_o none_o can_v be_v condemn_v unless_o he_o be_v think_v guilty_a by_o they_o both_o and_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o little_a time_n as_o be_v usual_o spend_v in_o trial_n at_o the_o bar_n before_o a_o petit_fw-fr jury_n shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o one_o that_o plead_v for_o his_o life_n or_o unto_o they_o who_o be_v to_o be_v satisfy_v in_o their_o conscience_n unless_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o grand_a jury_n have_v so_o well_o examine_v prepare_v and_o digest_v the_o matter_n that_o the_o other_o may_v proceed_v more_o succinct_o without_o danger_n of_o error_n therefore_o let_v the_o grand_a jury_n faithful_o perfom_o they_o high_a trust_n and_o neither_o be_v cheat_v nor_o fright_v from_o their_o duty_n let_v they_o pursue_v the_o good_a old_a way_n since_o no_o innovation_n can_v be_v bring_v in_o that_o will_v not_o turn_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o accuse_a peson_n and_o themselves_o let_v they_o not_o be_v delude_v with_o frivolous_a argument_n so_o as_o to_o invalidate_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o our_o law_n and_o render_v themselves_o insignificant_a cipher_n in_o expectation_n that_o petit_n jury_n will_v repair_v the_o fault_n they_o commit_v since_o that_o will_v be_v no_o less_o than_o to_o slight_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fence_n that_o the_o law_n provide_v for_o our_o life_n and_o liberty_n and_o very_o much_o to_o weaken_v the_o other_o when_o a_o grand_a jury_n find_v a_o bill_n against_o any_o person_n they_o do_v all_o that_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n if_o the_o crime_n be_v capital_a and_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a for_o they_o to_o pretend_v they_o rely_v upon_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n if_o they_o show_v none_o in_o themselves_o they_o can_v reasonable_o hope_v the_o other_o shall_v be_v more_o tender_a of_o the_o prisoner_n concernment_n more_o exact_a in_o do_v justice_n or_o more_o careful_a in_o examine_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o witness_n when_o they_o have_v not_o only_o neglect_v their_o duty_n of_o search_v into_o it_o but_o add_v strength_n unto_o their_o testimony_n by_o find_v a_o bill_n upon_o it_o they_o can_v possible_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o blame_n of_o consent_v at_o the_o least_o unto_o the_o mischief_n that_o may_v ensue_v unless_o they_o use_v all_o the_o honest_a care_n that_o the_o law_n allow_v to_o prevent_v they_o nor_o consequent_o avoid_v the_o stain_n of_o the_o blood_n that_o may_v be_v shed_v by_o their_o omission_n since_o it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v if_o they_o have_v well_o perform_v their_o part_n before_o they_o find_v the_o indictment_n whereby_o the_o party_n be_v expose_v to_o so_o many_o disadvantage_n that_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o the_o clear_a innocence_n to_o defend_v itself_o against_o they_o but_o when_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o jury_n act_n as_o they_o ought_v with_o courage_n diligence_n and_o indifference_n we_o shall_v have_v just_a reason_n with_o the_o wise_a lord_n chancellor_n fortescue_n to_o celebrate_v that_o law_n that_o institute_v they_o to_o congratulate_v with_o our_o country_n man_n the_o happiness_n we_o enjoy_v while_o our_o life_n lie_v not_o at_o the_o mercy_n of_o unknown_a witness_n hire_v 26._o fort._n de_fw-fr laud._n leg._n ang._n cap._n 26._o poor_a uncertain_a who_o conversation_n or_o malice_n we_o be_v stranger_n to_o but_o neighbour_n of_o substance_n of_o honest_a report_n bring_v into_o court_n by_o a_o honourable_a swear_a officer_n man_n who_o know_v the_o postquam_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la spatium_fw-la trium_fw-la annorum_fw-la &_o amplius_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la transmarinis_fw-la remansisset_fw-la mss_n exit_fw-la chronico_fw-la ab_fw-la anno_fw-la 1272._o 1_o ed._n 1._o ad_fw-la an._n 1317.10_o ed._n 2._o mss_n &_o de_fw-fr partibus_fw-la vasconiae_fw-la &_o francia_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la rediisset_fw-la valde_fw-la anxiatus_fw-la &_o conturbatus_fw-la fuit_fw-la per_fw-la quotidianum_fw-la clamorem_fw-la tam_fw-la clericorum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la petentium_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la congruum_fw-la remedium_fw-la apponi_fw-la versus_fw-la justiciarios_fw-la 1.18_o an._n dom._n 2289._o annoque_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la ed._n 1.18_o &_o alios_fw-la ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la de_fw-la multimodis_fw-la oppressionibus_fw-la &_o gravaminibus_fw-la contra_fw-la bonas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la regni_fw-la illis_fw-la factis_fw-la 548._o certain_o scimus_fw-la quam_fw-la plurimos_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la judiciis_fw-la sub_fw-la ed._n 1._o praefuere_fw-la viros_fw-la quidem_fw-la maximos_fw-la &_o aevo_fw-la in_o illo_fw-la jurisconsultos_a celeberrimos_fw-la repetundarum_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la light_n svas_fw-la fecerant_fw-la aliosque_fw-la praeter_fw-la ministros_fw-la forenses_fw-la aliquot_fw-la merito_fw-la damnatos_fw-la multos_fw-la exitia_fw-la &_o carcere_fw-la punitos_fw-la exit_fw-la seldein_n ad_fw-la fletam_fw-la dissertatio_fw-la p._n 548._o super_fw-la quo_fw-la dominus_fw-la edvardus_fw-la rex_fw-la per_fw-la regale_n scriptum_fw-la vicecomitibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la praecipit_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la comitatibus_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la &_o villis_fw-la mercatoriis_fw-la publicae_fw-la proclamari_fw-la facerent_fw-la quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la sese_fw-la sentient_a gravari_fw-la venirent_fw-la apud_fw-la westm_n ad_fw-la proximum_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la &_o ibi_fw-la querimonias_fw-la svas_fw-la monstrarent_fw-la ubi_fw-la tam_fw-la majores_fw-la quam_fw-la minores_fw-la opportunum_fw-la remedium_fw-la &_o celerem_fw-la justitiam_fw-la recuperent_fw-la sicut_fw-la rex_fw-la vinculo_fw-la juramenti_fw-la die_fw-la coronationis_fw-la suae_fw-la astrictus_fw-la fuit_fw-la ac_fw-la jam_fw-la adest_fw-la magnus_fw-la dies_fw-la &_o judiciarius_fw-la justiciorum_fw-la &_o aliorum_fw-la ministrorum_fw-la concilii_fw-la regis_fw-la quem_fw-la nulla_fw-la tergiversatione_fw-la nullo_n munere_fw-la nulla_fw-la arte_fw-la vel_fw-la ingenio_fw-la placitandi_fw-la valent_fw-la eludi_fw-la coadunatis_fw-la itaque_fw-la clero_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la &_o in_fw-la magno_fw-la palatio_fw-la westmonasterii_n consessis_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la cantuariensis_n vir_fw-la magnae_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o columna_fw-la quasi_fw-la sanctae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la &_o regni_fw-la surrexit_fw-la in_fw-la medio_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la alto_fw-mi ducens_fw-la suspiria_fw-la noverit_fw-la universitas_fw-la vestra_fw-la ait_fw-la quod_fw-la convocati_fw-la sumus_fw-la de_fw-la magnis_fw-la &_o arduis_fw-la negotiis_fw-la regni_fw-la heu_fw-la nimis_fw-la perturbati_fw-la &_o his_fw-la diebus_fw-la enormiter_fw-la mutilati_fw-la unanimimiter_n fideliter_fw-la &_o efficaciter_fw-la fimul_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la ad_fw-la tractandum_fw-la &_o ordinandum_fw-la audivistis_fw-la etiam_fw-la universi_fw-la querimonias_fw-la gravissimas_fw-la super_fw-la intolerabilibus_fw-la injuriis_fw-la &_o oppressionibus_fw-la &_o quotidianis_fw-la desolationibus_fw-la regis_fw-la vide_fw-la fleta_n cap._n 17._o p._n 18_o 19_o authoritas_fw-la &_o officium_fw-la ordinarii_fw-la concilii_fw-la regis_fw-la tam_fw-la sanctae_fw-la eccles_n quam_fw-la reg._n factis_fw-la per_fw-la hoc_fw-la iniquum_fw-la concilium_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la contra_fw-la magnas_fw-la chartas_n tot_fw-la toties_fw-la &_o multoties_fw-la emptas_fw-la &_o redemptas_fw-la concessas_fw-la &_o confirmatas_fw-la per_fw-la tot_fw-la &_o ta_fw-la lia_fw-la juramenta_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la nunc_fw-la &_o