to_o the_o king_n to_o licence_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a 355_o 2._o the_o intent_n of_o the_o act_n be_v that_o every_o man_n shall_v not_o sell_v wine_n that_o will_v his_o majesty_n can_v not_o better_o answer_v the_o end_n of_o the_o act_n than_o to_o restrain_v the_o seller_n to_o freeman_n of_o london_n to_o the_o corporation_n of_o vintner_n man_n breed_v up_o in_o that_o trade_n and_o serve_v apprenticeship_n to_o it_o ibid._n 13_o el._n c._n 12_o not_o read_v the_o article_n 1._o immediate_o upon_o not_o read_v the_o article_n the_o incumbent_n be_v by_o this_o statute_n deprive_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la 132_o 2._o upon_o such_o deprivation_n the_o patron_n may_v present_v ante_fw-la 14._o and_o his_o clerk_n ought_v to_o be_v admit_v and_o institute_v but_o if_o he_o do_v not_o no_o lapse_n incur_v until_o after_o six_o month_n after_o notice_n of_o such_o deprivation_n give_v to_o the_o patron_n 132_o 3._o where_o the_o incumbent_n subscribe_v the_o article_n upon_o his_o admission_n and_o institution_n that_o make_v he_o perfect_a incumbent_n pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la 133_o 4._o but_o if_o he_o have_v a_o benefice_n and_o afterward_o accept_v another_o and_o do_v not_o subscribe_v nor_o read_v the_o article_n than_o he_o never_o be_v incumbent_n of_o the_o second_o and_o consequent_o never_o accept_v a_o second_o benefice_n to_o disable_v he_o from_o hold_v the_o first_o 132_o 133_o 134_o 1._o that_o all_o lease_n by_o spiritual_a person_n of_o tithe_n etc._n etc._n 13_o eliz._n cap._n 10._o concern_v lease_n to_o be_v make_v by_o ecclesiastical_a person_n parcel_n of_o their_o spiritual_a promotion_n other_o than_o for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n or_o three_o life_n reserve_v the_o accustom_a yearly_a rent_n shall_v be_v void_a 2._o this_o statute_n intend_v that_o lease_n in_o some_o sense_n may_v be_v make_v of_o tithe_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n or_o three_o life_n and_o a_o ancient_a rent_n reserve_v but_o of_o a_o bare_a tithe_n only_o a_o rent_n can_v not_o be_v reserve_v for_o neither_o distress_n nor_o assize_n can_v be_v of_o such_o a_o rent_n 203_o 204_o 3._o therefore_o a_o lease_n of_o tithe_n and_o land_n out_o of_o which_o a_o rent_n may_v issue_v and_o the_o accustom_a rent_n may_v be_v reserve_v must_v be_v good_a within_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o statute_n 204_o 7_o jac._n cap._n 5.21_o jac._n cap._n 12._o for_o officer_n to_o be_v sue_v in_o the_o proper_a county_n 1._o the_o question_n upon_o these_o act_n be_v whether_o a_o officer_n or_o any_o in_o their_o assistance_n that_o shall_v do_v any_o thing_n by_o colour_n of_o but_o not_o concern_v their_o office_n and_o be_v therefore_o implead_v shall_v have_v the_o benefit_n of_o these_o acts._n 2._o or_o if_o they_o be_v implead_v for_o any_o thing_n do_v by_o pretence_n of_o their_o office_n and_o which_o be_v not_o strict_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o office_n but_o be_v a_o mis-seazante_a whether_o they_o may_v have_v the_o like_a benefit_n 3._o without_o this_o act_n the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v lay_v where_o the_o fact_n be_v do_v and_o the_o act_n be_v but_o to_o compel_v the_o do_n of_o that_o where_o a_o officer_n be_v concern_v that_o otherwise_o fieri_fw-la debuit_fw-la 114_o 4._o the_o statute_n intend_v like_o benefit_n to_o all_o the_o defendant_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o prove_v to_o be_v do_v where_o the_o action_n be_v lay_v as_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n become_v nonsuit_n or_o suffer_v a_o discontinuance_n viz._n that_o they_o shall_v have_v double_a cost_n 117_o 12_o car._n 2._o cap._n 4._o for_o grant_v tonnage_n and_o poundage_n to_o the_o king_n 1._o those_o wine_n which_o be_v to_o pay_v this_o duty_n according_a to_o the_o act_n must_v be_v wine_n bring_v into_o port_n as_o merchandise_n by_o his_o majesty_n subject_n or_o stranger_n 165_o 2._o but_o wine_n which_o be_v by_o their_o kind_n to_o pay_v duty_n if_o they_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o port_n or_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n neither_o by_o his_o majesty_n subject_n nor_o alien_n they_o be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o this_o duty_n ibid._n 3._o if_o they_o be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o port_n and_o place_n as_o merchandise_n viz._n for_o sale_n they_o be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o duty_n 165_o 170_o 4._o wine_n come_v into_o this_o kingdom_n as_o wreck_n be_v neither_o bring_v into_o this_o kingdom_n by_o his_o majesty_n subject_n nor_o stranger_n but_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o sea_n 166_o 5._o wrecked_a good_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o this_o kingdom_n for_o merchandise_n viz._n for_o sale_n but_o be_v as_o all_o other_o the_o native_a good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o sale_n or_o other_o use_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o owner_n ibid._n 6._o all_o good_n chargeable_a with_o the_o duty_n of_o this_o act_n must_v be_v propriet_v by_o a_o natural_a bear_v merchant_n or_o merchant_n alien_n and_o according_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a duty_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v 166_o 168_o 7._o all_o good_n subject_n to_o this_o duty_n may_v be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o disobedience_n and_o mis-behaviour_n of_o the_o merchant-proprietor_a or_o those_o entrust_v by_o he_o 167_o 1._o the_o intent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o privilege_v the_o father_n against_o common_a right_n 12_o car._n 2_o cap._n 24._o to_o enable_v the_o father_n to_o devise_v the_o guardianship_n of_o his_o son_n to_o appoint_v the_o guardian_n of_o his_o heir_n and_o the_o time_n of_o his_o wardship_n under_o one_o and_o twenty_o 179_o 2._o such_o a_o special_a guardian_n can_v transfer_v the_o custody_n by_o deed_n or_o will_n to_o any_o other_o 179_o 3._o he_o have_v no_o different_a estate_n from_o a_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n but_o for_o the_o time_n the_o of_o wardship_n 179_o 4._o the_o father_n can_v by_o this_o act_n give_v the_o custody_n to_o a_o papist_n 180_o 5._o if_o the_o father_n do_v not_o appoint_v for_o how_o long_a time_n under_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v in_o ward_n it_o be_v void_a for_o uncertainty_n 185_o 6._o the_o substance_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o sense_n thereof_o be_v that_o whereas_o all_o tenor_n be_v now_o soccage_n and_o the_o law_n appoint_v a_o guardian_n till_o fourteen_o yet_o the_o father_n may_v nominate_v the_o guardian_n to_o his_o heir_n and_o for_o any_o time_n until_o his_o age_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o and_o such_o guardian_n shall_v have_v like_o remedy_n for_o the_o ward_n as_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 183_o supersedeas_fw-la 1._o if_o a_o privilege_a person_n as_o a_o attorney_n etc._n etc._n or_o his_o menial_a servant_n be_v sue_v in_o any_o jurisdiction_n foreign_a to_o his_o privilege_n he_o may_v have_v a_o supersedeas_fw-la 155_o surplusage_n 1._o surplusage_n in_o a_o special_a verdict_n 78_o suspension_n 1._o a_o suspension_n of_o rent_n be_v when_o either_o the_o rent_n or_o land_n be_v so_o convey_v not_o absolute_o and_o final_o but_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n after_o which_o the_o rent_n will_v be_v again_o revive_v 199_o 2._o a_o rent_n may_v be_v suspend_v by_o unity_n for_o a_o time_n and_o afterward_o restore_v 39_o tail_n see_v title_n warranty_n 1._o see_v a_o exposition_n upon_o the_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr donis_n 370_o 371_o 372_o etc._n etc._n 2._o what_o shall_v be_v a_o good_a estate_n tail_n by_o implication_n in_o a_o devise_n 262_o 3._o a._n have_v issue_n thomas_n and_o mary_n devise_v to_o thomas_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o for_o want_v of_o heir_n of_o thomas_n to_o mary_n and_o her_o heir_n this_o be_v a_o estate_n tail_n in_o thomas_n 269_o 270_o 4._o a_o copyholder_n in_o fee_n surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o f._n his_o son_n and_o j._n the_o son_n of_o f._n and_o of_o the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o and_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n of_o j._n lawful_o beget_v the_o remainder_n to_o m._n here_o it_o be_v by_o deed_n j._n have_v only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n but_o have_v it_o be_v by_o will_n it_o have_v be_v a_o estate_n tail_n by_o implication_n 261_o 5._o the_o warranty_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n descend_v upon_o the_o donor_n or_o his_o heir_n be_v no_o bar_n in_o a_o formedon_n in_o the_o reverter_n bring_v by_o they_o although_o it_o be_v a_o collateral_a warranty_n 364_o 365_o 6._o the_o lineal_a warranty_n of_o tenant_n in_o tail_n shall_v not_o bind_v the_o right_n of_o the_o estate_n tail_n by_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr donis_n neither_o with_o or_o without_o asset_n descend_v 365_o tenor_n see_v title_n estate_n  _fw-fr testament_n see_v devise_n 1._o a_o custody_n as_o a_o gardianship_n in_o soccage_n be_v not_o in_o its_o nature_n testamentary_a it_o can_v pay_v debt_n nor_o legacy_n nor_o be_v distribute_v as_o alm_n 182_o title_n 1._o when_o you_o will_v
for_o the_o damage_n in_o debt_n though_o by_o several_a original_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o this_o kind_n the_o foundation_n be_v destroy_v and_o no_o such_o record_n be_v leave_v rep._n drury_n case_n 8._o rep._n but_o as_o to_o that_o in_o drury_n case_n 8._o rep._n a_o outlawry_n issue_v and_o process_n of_o capias_fw-la upon_o the_o outlawry_n the_o sheriff_n return_v non_fw-la est_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o the_o same_o day_n the_o party_n come_v into_o court_n and_o demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o exigent_n which_o be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o outlawry_n and_o show_v the_o exigent_n to_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o insufficient_a and_o consequent_o the_o outlawry_n depend_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v null_a and_o the_o court_n give_v judgement_n according_o though_o the_o record_n of_o the_o outlawry_n be_v never_o reverse_v by_o error_n which_o differ_v not_o from_o this_o case_n where_o the_o order_n of_o commitment_n be_v judicial_o declare_v illegal_a though_o not_o quash_v or_o reverse_v by_o error_n and_o consequent_o whatever_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o fine_a and_o commitment_n do_v and_o the_o outlawry_n in_o the_o former_a case_n be_v more_o the_o king_n interest_n than_o the_o fine_a in_o this_o the_o chief_a justice_n deliver_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n and_z according_o the_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v hill_n 23_o &_o 24_o car._n ii_o b._n c._n rot._n 615._o edmund_n sheppard_n junior_n plaintiff_n in_o trespass_n ss_z suff._n ss_z against_o george_n gosnold_n william_n booth_n william_n haygard_n and_o henry_n heringold_n defendant_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v for_o the_o forcible_a take_n and_o carry_v away_o at_o gyppin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n the_o eight_o and_o twenty_o of_o january_n 22_o car._n 2._o five_o and_o twenty_o hundred_o and_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hundred_o of_o wax_n of_o the_o say_v edmunds_n there_o find_v and_o keep_v and_o detain_v the_o same_o under_o arrest_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v pay_v forty_o nine_o shilling_n to_o they_o the_o say_v defendant_n for_o the_o delivery_n thereof_o to_o his_o damage_n of_o 40_o l._n the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o culpable_a and_o put_v themselves_o upon_o the_o country_n etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n 1._o that_o before_o the_o caption_n arrest_v and_o detention_n of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o same_o edmund_z sheppard_n the_o young_a be_v and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o bawdsey_n in_o the_o say_a county_n and_o thereof_o seize_v in_o his_o demesne_n as_o of_o fee_n and_o that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v and_o have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n suppose_v in_o the_o say_a manor_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v and_o accustom_v to_o have_v all_o good_n and_o chattel_n wreck_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n cast_v on_o shore_n upon_o the_o say_a manor_n as_o appertain_v to_o the_o say_a manor_n 2._o they_o further_o say_v the_o say_v good_n be_v ship_v in_o foreign_a part_n as_o merchandise_n and_o not_o intend_v to_o be_v import_v into_o england_n but_o to_o be_v carry_v into_o other_o foreign_a part_n 3._o that_o the_o say_v good_n be_v wreck_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o by_o the_o seashore_n as_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v upon_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n within_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o thereby_o the_o say_a edmund_n seize_v as_o wreck_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o lord_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n they_o further_o find_v that_o at_o the_o parliament_n begin_v at_o westminster_n the_o five_o and_o twenty_o of_o april_n the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n and_o continue_v to_o the_o nine_o and_o twenty_o of_o december_n follow_v there_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n call_v poundage_n of_o all_o good_n and_o merchandise_n of_o every_o merchant_n natural_a bear_v subject_n denizen_n and_o alien_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o any_o the_o dominion_n thereto_o belong_v or_o import_v into_o the_o same_o by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n of_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a rate_n and_o value_v of_o such_o good_n and_o merchandise_n as_o they_o be_v respective_o rate_v and_o value_v in_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n entitle_v the_o rate_n of_o merchandise_n after_o in_o the_o say_a act_n mention_v and_o refer_v to_o to_o one_o shilling_n etc._n etc._n then_o they_o say_v that_o by_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n wax_v inward_a or_o import_v every_o hundred_o weight_n contain_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o pound_n be_v rate_v to_o forty_o shilling_n and_o hard_o wax_v the_o pound_n three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n they_o find_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seizure_n of_o the_o good_n that_o the_o defendant_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n due_o appoint_v to_o collect_v the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n by_o the_o say_a act_n grant_v and_o that_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o poundage_n not_o pay_v at_o the_o say_a time_n they_o seize_v and_o arrest_v the_o say_v good_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v pay_v they_o the_o say_v fine_a of_o forty_o nine_o shilling_n but_o whether_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n aforesaid_a so_o as_o aforesaid_a wreck_v be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o say_a duty_n of_o poundage_n or_o not_o they_o know_v not_o and_o if_o not_o they_o find_v the_o defendant_n culpable_a and_o assess_v damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o nine_o and_o forty_o shilling_n ultra_fw-la misas_fw-la &_o custagia_fw-la and_o if_o the_o say_v good_n be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o say_a duty_n they_o find_v the_o defendant_n not_o culpable_a it_o be_v clear_a 22._o dyer_n 31_o h._n 8._o 43._o b._n n._n 22._o that_o former_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o some_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n wherein_o the_o king_n have_v a_o inheritance_n for_o certain_a merchandise_n to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o such_o custom_n be_v not_o original_o due_a by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v the_o book_n 31_o h._n 8._o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n likewise_o of_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n when_o edward_n the_o six_o have_v grant_v to_o a_o merchant_n alien_n that_o he_o may_v transport_v or_o import_n all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n not_o exceed_v in_o the_o value_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n thereof_o fifty_o pound_n pay_v only_o to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n pro_fw-la custumis_n subsidiis_fw-la &_o oneribus_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la of_o such_o merchandise_n so_o much_o and_o no_o more_o as_o any_o english_a merchant_n be_v to_o pay_v that_o this_o patent_n remain_v good_a for_o the_o old_a custom_n 17._o dyer_n 1_o mar._n f._n 92._o a._n n._n 17._o wherein_o the_o king_n have_v a_o inheritance_n by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o be_v void_a by_o the_o king_n death_n as_o to_o good_n customable_a for_o his_o life_n only_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o tonnage_n etc._n etc._n so_o upon_o a_o question_n raise_v upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o new_a imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n 57_o dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o a._n b._n n._n 57_o the_o judge_n be_v consuit_v about_o it_o 1_o eliz._n the_o book_n be_v nota_fw-la that_o english_a merchant_n do_v not_o pay_v at_o common_a law_n any_o custom_n for_o any_o ware_n or_o merchandise_n whatever_o but_o three_o that_o be_v wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pro_fw-la quolibet_fw-la sacco_n lanae_fw-la continent_n 26_o pierre_n &_o chescun_fw-la pierr_v 14_o pound_n un_fw-fr demi_a mark_n and_o for_o three_o hundred_o woolfell_n half_o a_o mark_n and_o for_o a_o last_o of_o leather_n thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o stranger_n and_o english_a merchant_n this_o be_v in_o those_o several_a reign_n the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o time_n whence_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o fallible_a even_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n be_v when_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v sesolve_v must_v be_v clear_v by_o searcher_n not_o common_a and_o depend_v not_o upon_o case_n vulgary_o know_v by_o reader_n of_o the_o year_n book_n for_o since_o these_o opinion_n it_o be_v know_v those_o custom_n call_v the_o old_a or_o antiqua_fw-la custumae_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n by_o parliament_n as_o a_o new_a thing_n and_o be_v no_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n itself_o by_o which_o this_o custom_n be_v grant_v be_v not_o where_o extant_a now_o but_o undeniable_a evidence_n of_o it_o appear_v for_o king_n edward_n
the_o first_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n date_v november_n the_o three_o of_o his_o reign_n recite_v cum_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la quandam_fw-la novam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la lanis_n pellibus_fw-la &_o coriis_fw-la viz._n the_o sacco_n lanae_fw-la dimidium_fw-la marcae_fw-la de_fw-la 300_o pellibus_fw-la dimidium_fw-la marcae_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr lasto_fw-la corii_fw-la 13_o s._n 4_o d._n concesserint_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o sir_n edward_n coke_n right_o observe_v the_o grant_n be_v to_o edward_n the_o first_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n from_o the_o word_n nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o the_o patent_n 59_o coke_n mag._n chart._n c._n 30._o f._n 58_o 59_o 2._o that_o no_o such_o custom_n be_v before_o from_o the_o word_n quandam_fw-la novam_fw-la custumam_fw-la and_o some_o other_o pertinent_a observation_n he_o make_v and_o he_o cite_v the_o year_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n true_o to_o be_v the_o three_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o year_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o but_o he_o make_v the_o date_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v november_n the_o ten_o of_o that_o year_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v november_n the_o fifteen_o he_o cite_v likewise_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o edward_n the_o first_o for_o it_o m._n 1._o but_o omit_v the_o n_z which_o be_v n._n 1._o also_o he_o also_o cite_v the_o fine_a roll_n of_o 3_o e._n 1._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n m._n 26._o 24._o rot._n pat._n 3_o e._n 1._o m_o 1._o n._n rot._n finium_fw-la 3_o e._n 1._o m._n 24._o but_o his_o citation_n differ_v in_o remarkable_a thing_n from_o the_o patent_n roll_n 3_o e._n 1._o which_o run_v cum_fw-la praelati_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la and_o not_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserint_fw-la quandam_fw-la novam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la de_fw-la lanis_fw-la pellibus_fw-la &_o coriis_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quam_fw-la in_o hibernia_n &_o wallia_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la exeuntibus_fw-la which_o be_v omit_v also_o in_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o perpetuum_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la capiendam_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o forma_fw-la inde_fw-la provisa_fw-la &_o communiter_fw-la concessa_fw-la plenius_fw-la continetur_fw-la and_o the_o particular_n be_v mention_v of_o the_o grant_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o preface_n of_o it_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o be_v make_v 3_o e._n 1._o a_o son_n primer_n parliament_n general_a apres_fw-fr son_fw-fr coronment_n lendemaine_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr clause_n de_fw-fr paschae_n that_o be_v on_o the_o monday_n of_o easter_n utas_fw-la in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o parliament_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o before_o this_o his_o three_o year_n the_o antiquae_fw-la custumae_fw-la upon_o wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n be_v grant_v to_o edward_n the_o first_o by_o parliament_n as_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o patent_n and_o fine_a roll_n of_o 3_o e._n 1._o dated_n november_n the_o fifteen_o which_o must_v be_v by_o a_o parliament_n before_o the_o date_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n whence_o it_o follow_v they_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o or_o by_o the_o same_o parliament_n and_o probable_o therefore_o it_o be_v by_o a_o rider_n as_o proviso_n now_o usual_o be_v annex_v by_o tack_v to_o the_o bill_n or_o law_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o and_o from_o it_o after_o casual_o lose_v so_o as_o it_o be_v now_o clear_a that_o antiqua_fw-la custuma_n upon_o wool_n bell_n and_o leather_n be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 3_o e._n 1._o and_o if_o any_o scruple_n remain_v of_o a_o power_n at_o common_a law_n to_o charge_n merchandise_n in_o any_o other_o manner_n the_o act_n of_o the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n which_o grant_v he_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n clear_v it_o from_o question_n in_o these_o word_n and_o because_o no_o rate_n can_v be_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n import_v or_o export_v by_o subject_n or_o alien_n but_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o parliament_n it_o enact_v that_o rate_n upon_o merchandise_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n establish_v by_o the_o act_n etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o supposition_n that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n merchandise_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o custom_n as_o wool_n bell_n and_o leather_n be_v queen_n marry_o by_o her_o absolute_a prerogative_n b._n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o b._n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o fourteen_o penny_n upon_o a_o cloth_n transport_v by_o native_n and_o one_o and_o twenty_o penny_n by_o stranger_n as_o appear_v in_o dyer_n 1_o eliz._n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n king_n james_n about_o the_o twelve_o of_o his_o reign_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o curran_n but_o these_o obtain_v not_o for_o law_n and_o so_o possible_o like_o imposition_n may_v be_v lay_v on_o wax_n or_o any_o other_o merchandise_n but_o no_o such_o be_v lay_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la unless_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o life_n by_o parliament_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o true_a inference_n that_o if_o the_o antiquae_fw-la custumae_fw-la be_v at_o common_a law_n as_o every_o thing_n in_o one_o sense_n be_v take_v for_o common_a law_n if_o it_o be_v law_n when_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o it_o be_v by_o arbitrary_a imposition_n of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o may_v be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n not_o extant_a as_o this_o of_o 3_o e._n 1._o and_o in_o truth_n most_o of_o the_o common_a law_n can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v law_n otherwise_o than_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o power_n equivalent_a to_o they_o whereof_o the_o roll_n be_v lose_v for_o always_o there_o be_v a_o power_n and_o practice_v of_o make_v new_a law_n 1._o but_o it_o be_v not_o pretend_v that_o any_o custom_n be_v lay_v upon_o wax_n in_o any_o manner_n by_o the_o common_a law_n nor_o by_o statute_n but_o by_o that_o of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n the_o twelve_o of_o this_o king_n 2._o this_o seizure_n and_o arrest_n appear_v by_o the_o special_a verdict_n to_o be_v for_o poundage_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n by_o the_o statute_n make_v the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n cap._n 4._o which_o give_v two_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n for_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o wax_n and_o therefore_o not_o for_o any_o other_o duty_n 3._o at_o the_o common_a law_n wrecked_a good_n as_o these_o be_v find_v to_o be_v can_v not_o be_v chargeable_a with_o custom_n if_o other_o good_n be_v for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n all_o wreck_n be_v whole_o the_o king_n and_o he_o can_v not_o have_v a_o small_a duty_n of_o custom_n out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v all_o his_o own_o stat._n west_n 1._o c._n 4._o vid._n stat._n and_o by_o westminster_n the_o first_o where_o wreck_n belong_v to_o another_o than_o to_o the_o king_n he_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o like_a manner_n that_o be_v as_o the_o king_n have_v he_o it_o remain_v clear_a then_o that_o wax_n be_v a_o merchandise_n subject_a to_o pay_v the_o duty_n of_o poundage_n by_o and_o according_a to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o twelve_o of_o this_o king_n and_o not_o otherwise_o the_o question_n then_o before_o we_o be_v narrow_v will_v be_v whether_o wax_n or_o any_o other_o good_n subject_n to_o the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n by_o the_o act_n and_o book_n of_o rate_n the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n ship_v in_o foreign_a part_n as_o merchandise_n not_o intend_v for_o england_n but_o for_o other_o foreign_a part_n prove_v to_o be_v wreck_n and_o cast_v by_o the_o sea_n upon_o a_o manor_n to_o which_o wreck_n belong_v by_o prescription_n aught_o to_o answer_v the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n as_o if_o import_v as_o merchandise_n in_o ship_n and_o not_o as_o wreck_v for_o if_o any_o kind_n of_o merchandise_n wreck_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o duty_n all_o merchandise_n mention_v in_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n be_v to_o resolve_v this_o question_n i_o shall_v observe_v that_o all_o wreck_n cast_v on_o shore_n in_o the_o kingdom_n must_v be_v conceive_v as_o good_n import_v for_o though_o good_n export_v may_v be_v wreck_v at_o sea_n equal_o as_o good_n to_o be_v import_v yet_o good_n export_v if_o wreck_v be_v not_o cast_v upon_o any_o shore_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o wreck_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v export_v but_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v some_o way_n import_v so_o as_o in_o this_o question_n of_o wreck_n to_o speak_v of_o any_o good_n or_o merchandise_n quatenus_fw-la exported_n will_v be_v useless_a and_o because_o the_o resolution_n of_o this_o case_n depend_v upon_o the_o word_n and_o intendment_n of_o the_o act_n
of_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n c._n 4._o and_o that_o if_o any_o merchandise_n in_o kind_n subject_a to_o the_o duty_n by_o that_o act_n prove_v wreck_n cast_v on_o shore_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o duty_n every_o merchandise_n within_o the_o act_n prove_v wreck_n will_v be_v charge_v with_o it_o and_o if_o any_o wrecked_a good_n be_v free_a all_o wrecked_a good_n be_v free_a for_o the_o act_n make_v no_o difference_n in_o the_o kind_n or_o species_n of_o the_o merchandise_n i_o shall_v therefore_o recite_v some_o clause_n of_o the_o act._n 4_o 12_o car._n 2._o c._n 4_o the_o first_o be_v that_o there_o be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n of_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o france_n or_o of_o any_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o shall_v come_v into_o the_o port_n of_o london_n and_o the_o member_n thereof_o by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n by_o your_o natural_a bear_a subject_n the_o sum_n of_o four_o pound_n and_o ten_o shilling_n of_o currant_n english_a money_n and_o so_o after_o that_o rate_n and_o by_o stranger_n and_o alien_n six_o pound_n of_o like_a money_n and_o of_o every_o tun_n of_o like_a wine_n which_o shall_v be_v bring_v into_o all_o and_o every_o the_o other_o port_n and_o place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o the_o dominion_n thereof_o by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n by_o your_o natural_a bear_a subject_n the_o sum_n of_o three_o pound_n and_o by_o alien_n four_o pound_n and_o ten_o shilling_n from_o those_o word_n i_o observe_v that_o wine_n liable_a to_o pay_v tonnage_n by_o the_o act_n must_v have_v these_o property_n 1._o they_o must_v be_v wine_n which_o shall_v come_v or_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o port_n and_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o they_o must_v come_v or_o be_v bring_v into_o such_o port_n or_o place_n as_o merchandise_n that_o be_v for_o sale_n and_o to_o that_o end_n for_o no_o other_o conception_n can_v be_v of_o good_n bring_v as_o merchandise_n 3._o they_o must_v come_v and_o be_v bring_v as_o merchandise_n and_o for_o sale_n by_o the_o king_n natural_a bear_v subject_n or_o by_o stranger_n and_o alien_n as_o distinguish_v from_o the_o natural_a subject_n 4._o the_o duty_n payable_a to_o the_o king_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o he_o that_o import_v the_o commodity_n that_o be_v if_o the_o importer_n be_v a_o natural_a subject_n he_o pay_v less_o to_o the_o king_n and_o if_o a_o alien_n more_o 5._o all_o those_o wine_n charge_v with_o the_o duty_n by_o the_o act_n so_o to_o come_v or_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o part_n or_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v to_o be_v foreign_a as_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o france_n the_o levant_n spain_n portugal_n rhenish_a wine_n or_o of_o the_o growth_n of_o germany_n 1._o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o wine_n of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o which_o by_o their_o kind_n be_v to_o pay_v duty_n if_o they_o shall_v come_v or_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o part_n or_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n neither_o by_o the_o king_n natural_a subject_n nor_o by_o alien_n they_o be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o duty_n of_o this_o act._n 2._o if_o they_o be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o port_n and_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o merchandise_n viz._n for_o sale_n they_o be_v not_o chargeable_a with_o the_o duty_n but_o wine_n or_o other_o good_n come_v or_o bring_v into_o the_o realm_n as_o wreck_n be_v neither_o bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o any_o the_o king_n natural_a subject_n nor_o by_o any_o stranger_n but_o by_o the_o wind_n and_o sea_n for_o such_o good_n want_v a_o proprietor_n until_o the_o law_n appoint_v one_o 3._o wrecked_a good_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n be_v cast_v on_o shore_n as_o merchandise_n viz._n for_o sale_n but_o be_v as_o all_o other_o the_o native_a good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n indifferent_a in_o themselves_o for_o sale_n or_o other_o use_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o proprietor_n 4._o all_o good_n foreign_a or_o domestic_a be_v in_o their_o nature_n capable_a to_o be_v merchandise_n that_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v but_o it_o follow_v not_o thence_o that_o wheresoever_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n they_o be_v bring_v as_o merchandise_n and_o to_o be_v sell_v or_o shall_v pay_v custom_n for_o they_o be_v transfer_v from_o place_n to_o place_n more_o for_o other_o use_n than_o for_o sale_n nor_o be_v good_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o market_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o end_n to_o be_v sell_v therefore_o to_o pay_v custom_n for_o so_o all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o kingdom_n will_v be_v customable_a but_o they_o must_v be_v good_n bring_v ab_fw-la extra_fw-la within_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o act_n or_o for_o exportation_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n 5._o all_o good_n charge_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o act_n must_v be_v propriet_v by_o a_o merchant_n natural_a bear_v or_o merchant_n alien_n and_o the_o great_a or_o less_o duty_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v as_o the_o proprietor_n be_v a_o alien_a or_o native_a merchant_n for_o so_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n in_o the_o clause_n for_o poundage_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o good_n and_o merchandise_n of_o every_o merchant_n natural_a bear_v subject_n denizen_n and_o alien_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n of_o the_o value_n of_o every_o twenty_o shilling_n of_o the_o same_o good_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n but_o wrecked_a good_n be_v not_o the_o good_n of_o any_o merchant_n natural_a bear_v alien_a or_o denizen_n whereby_o the_o duty_n payable_a shall_v be_v either_o demand_v distinguish_v or_o pay_v therefore_o a_o duty_n impossible_a to_o be_v know_v can_v be_v no_o duty_n for_o civil_o what_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v be_v as_o that_o which_o be_v not_o and_o it_o be_v a_o poor_a shift_n to_o say_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n who_o have_v the_o wreck_n be_v merchant_n proprietor_n for_o if_o so_o i_o ask_v be_v he_o a_o alien_a merchant_n proprietor_n or_o a_o native_a if_o he_o be_v a_o natural_a subject_n as_o he_o must_v be_v have_v his_o manor_n he_o can_v be_v a_o alien_n and_o consequent_o the_o king_n can_v have_v no_o alien_a duty_n of_o wrecked_a good_n but_o good_n intend_v by_o the_o act_n to_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o duty_n may_v be_v indifferent_o the_o good_n of_o alien_n or_o native_n but_o to_o clear_v this_o more_o put_v the_o case_n the_o act_n have_v only_o charge_v merchandise_n import_v by_o alien_n and_o not_o by_o native_n with_o the_o duty_n then_o the_o king_n can_v have_v have_v no_o duty_n from_o wrecked_a good_n at_o all_o for_o they_o can_v not_o be_v the_o good_n of_o a_o alien_a merchant_n nor_o be_v wreck_n bring_v into_o the_o manor_n by_o the_o lord_n more_o than_o a_o waif_n or_o estray_n be_v which_o if_o bring_v thither_o by_o he_o be_v no_o waif_n or_o estray_n beside_o it_o be_v clear_a the_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v no_o more_o a_o merchant_n native_a or_o alien_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o property_n he_o have_v in_o wreck_n good_n than_o he_o be_v a_o merchant_n native_a or_o alien_a by_o the_o property_n he_o have_v in_o his_o horse_n or_o cow_n for_o his_o property_n in_o a_o wreck_n be_v not_o qua_fw-la merchant_n of_o any_o kind_n but_o qua_fw-la lord_n of_o his_o manor_n and_o every_o proprietor_n of_o good_n by_o what_o title_n soever_o be_v as_o much_o merchant_n as_o he_o 6._o all_o good_n subject_n to_o the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n may_v be_v forfeit_v by_o the_o disobedience_n and_o mis-behaviour_n of_o the_o merchant_n proprietor_n or_o those_o trust_v by_o he_o by_o the_o act_n the_o word_n be_v if_o any_o merchandise_n whereof_o the_o subsidy_n aforesaid_a shall_v be_v due_a shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n into_o any_o port_n place_n or_o creek_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n and_o unship_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n the_o duty_n due_a for_o the_o same_o not_o pay_v nor_o lawful_o tender_v nor_o agree_v for_o according_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o this_o act_n than_o the_o same_o good_n and_o merchandise_n shall_v be_v forfeit_a to_o your_o majesty_n 1._o but_o wrecked_a good_n can_v be_v import_v into_o any_o creek_n or_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n and_o unship_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n for_o if_o so_o import_v and_o unship_v to_o be_v lay_v on_o land_n it_o be_v no_o wreck_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o good_n forfeitable_a by_o the_o mis-behaviour_n of_o any_o within_o the_o act_n and_o consequent_o not_o good_n intend_v to_o be_v charge_v with_o the_o duty_n by_o the_o act._n 2._o by_o this_o clause_n the_o owner_n or_o
proprietor_n of_o good_n chargeable_a with_o the_o king_n duty_n be_v to_o pay_v or_o agree_v for_o the_o duty_n with_o the_o customer_n before_o the_o unship_v or_o land_v of_o the_o good_n else_o they_o be_v forfeit_v b._n et_fw-la sunt_fw-la alia_fw-la quaedam_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o nullius_fw-la bonis_fw-la esse_fw-la dicuntur_fw-la sicut_fw-la wâ—eccum_fw-la maris_fw-la grossus_fw-la piscis_fw-la etc._n etc._n bract._n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr coron_n f._n 120._o c._n 3._o n._n 4._o constable_n c._n 5._o rep._n f._n 108._o b._n but_o wrecked_a good_n be_v cast_v on_o land_n and_o consequent_o land_v have_v no_o owner_n or_o proprietor_n and_o therefore_o the_o duty_n impossible_a to_o be_v pay_v or_o agree_v for_o before_o their_o land_n and_o when_o so_o land_v and_o not_o before_o the_o law_n make_v the_o king_n or_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n their_o proprietor_n but_o not_o full_o neither_o until_o after_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n allow_v to_o the_o first_o owner_n to_o claim_v they_o if_o any_o such_o be_v by_o stat._n westminster_n the_o first_o c._n 4._o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o wreck_n shall_v be_v rather_o forfeit_v to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v not_o pretend_v as_o good_n land_v the_o king_n duty_n not_o pay_v or_o agree_v for_o then_o seize_v until_o payment_n be_v according_a to_o the_o act._n 3._o by_o this_o clause_n import_v good_n intend_v to_o be_v charge_v by_o the_o act_n be_v good_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o also_o wreck_v good_n be_v not_o to_o pay_v the_o duty_n for_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n shipwrack_v in_o their_o passage_n by_o sea_n for_o exportation_n may_v be_v import_v into_o the_o realm_n as_o wreck_n yet_o never_o bring_v from_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o clause_n intend_v good_n charge_v shall_v be_v 4._o good_n cast_v into_o the_o sea_n to_o unburthen_v a_o ship_n in_o a_o storm_n and_o never_o intend_v for_o merchandise_n be_v wreck_n when_o cast_v on_o shore_n without_o any_o shipwreck_n b._n bract._n l._n 2._o f._n 41._o b._n 5._o good_n derelict_v that_o be_v desert_v by_o the_o owner_n and_o cast_v into_o the_o sea_n which_o happen_v upon_o various_a occasion_n as_o come_v from_o infect_a town_n or_o place_n and_o for_o many_o other_o respect_n will_v be_v wreck_n if_o cast_v on_o shore_n afterward_o though_o never_o purpose_v for_o merchandise_n full_o bract._n l._n 2._o f._n 41._o b._n n._n 3._o constable_n c._n 5._o rep._n bract._n l._n 3._o de_fw-fr coron_n c._n 3._o n._n 5_o f._n 120._o a._n more_o full_o but_o good_n cast_v overboard_o to_o lighten_v a_o ship_n be_v not_o by_o bracton_n nor_o from_o he_o in_o sir_n h._n constable_n case_n esteem_v good_n derelict_v which_o be_v a_o question_n not_o thorough_o examine_v si_fw-la autem_fw-la ea_fw-la ment_fw-la ut_fw-la nolit_fw-la esse_fw-la dominus_fw-la aliud_fw-la erit_fw-la per_fw-la bract._n but_o by_o all_o the_o clause_n of_o the_o act_n good_n import_v into_o the_o realm_n as_o merchandise_n only_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n subsidy_n therefore_o not_o wreck_v import_v and_o not_o as_o merchandise_n 6._o if_o a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o horse_n and_o ox_n bring_v to_o market_n to_o be_v sell_v shall_v pay_v the_o king_n a_o poundage_n of_o their_o value_n and_o a_o horse_n or_o ox_n come_v to_o market_n happen_v to_o stray_v and_o be_v seize_v in_o a_o manor_n that_o have_v stray_n and_o there_o use_v according_a to_o the_o law_n for_o stray_n until_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n be_v pass_v without_o claim_n of_o the_o owner_n whereby_o the_o property_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o ox_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v gain_v it_o will_v any_o man_n say_v poundage_n shall_v be_v pay_v for_o this_o horse_n or_o ox_n to_o the_o king_n for_o be_v bring_v to_o market_n to_o be_v sell_v and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o or_o hard_a to_o pay_v poundage_n for_o wreck_n it_o remain_v that_o some_o objection_n be_v clear_v first_o it_o be_v say_v that_o by_o fraud_n of_o the_o merchant_n or_o his_o agent_n and_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n good_n not_o shipwrack_v at_o all_o may_v be_v cast_v overboard_o so_o as_o to_o be_v cast_v on_o shore_n on_o the_o manor_n by_o the_o tide_n and_o so_o the_o king_n duty_n avoid_v by_o confederacy_n 1._o this_o supposal_n be_v remote_a and_o can_v be_v of_o some_o wreck_n possible_a as_o of_o wreck_n of_o derelicted_a good_n or_o of_o good_n cast_v into_o the_o sea_n to_o unburthen_v a_o ship_n 2._o if_o the_o fraud_n appear_v there_o be_v no_o wreck_n and_o the_o king_n will_v be_v right_v but_o to_o charge_v a_o legal_a property_n which_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n have_v in_o a_o wreck_n with_o payment_n because_o a_o fraud_n may_v be_v possible_a but_o appear_v not_o will_v destroy_v all_o property_n for_o what_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v must_v be_v take_v in_o law_n as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o the_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o king_n officer_n by_o usage_n have_v have_v in_o several_a king_n time_n the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n from_o wreck_n 1._o we_o desire_v to_o see_v ancient_a precedent_n of_o that_o usage_n but_o can_v see_v but_o one_o in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n james_n and_o some_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o king_n which_o be_v so_o new_a that_o they_o be_v not_o considerable_a 2._o where_o the_o pen_n of_o a_o statute_n be_v dubious_a long_a usage_n be_v a_o just_a medium_n to_o expound_v it_o by_o for_o jus_n &_o norma_n loquendi_fw-la be_v govern_v by_o usage_n and_o the_o meaning_n of_o thing_n speak_v or_o write_v must_v be_v as_o it_o have_v constant_o be_v receive_v to_o be_v by_o common_a acceptation_n but_o if_o usage_n have_v be_v against_o the_o obvious_a meaning_n of_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n by_o the_o vulgar_a and_o common_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n than_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o oppression_n of_o those_o concern_v than_o a_o exposition_n of_o the_o act_n especial_o as_o the_o usage_n may_v be_v circumstance_v as_o for_o instance_n the_o customer_n seize_v a_o man_n good_n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o duty_n against_o law_n and_o thereby_o deprive_v he_o of_o the_o use_n of_o his_o good_n until_o he_o regain_v they_o by_o law_n which_o must_v be_v by_o engage_v in_o a_o suit_n with_o the_o king_n rather_o than_o do_v so_o he_o be_v content_a to_o pay_v what_o be_v demand_v for_o the_o king_n by_o this_o usage_n all_o the_o good_n in_o the_o land_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n for_o when_o the_o concern_v be_v not_o great_a most_o man_n if_o put_v to_o it_o will_v rather_o pay_v a_o little_a wrongful_o than_o free_a themselves_o from_o it_o over-chargeable_o and_o in_o the_o present_a case_n the_o genuine_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n and_o purpose_n of_o the_o act_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o pretend_a usage_n but_o against_o it_o as_o have_v be_v show_v therefore_o usage_n in_o this_o case_n weigh_v not_o the_o three_o objection_n be_v from_o the_o word_n import_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o realm_n or_o dominion_n thereof_o and_o that_o wreck_n be_v good_n and_o merchandise_n import_v into_o the_o realm_n and_o therefore_o chargeable_a with_o the_o duty_n there_o be_v no_o good_n as_o have_v be_v say_v but_o may_v in_o a_o sense_n be_v term_v merchandise_n because_o all_o good_n may_v possible_o be_v sell_v and_o when_o sell_v or_o intend_v to_o be_v they_o be_v merchandise_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n wrecked_a good_n be_v merchandise_n and_o so_o be_v all_o good_n else_o it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o the_o good_n in_o question_n be_v by_o the_o verdict_n find_v to_o be_v ship_v in_o foreign_a part_n as_o merchandise_n but_o not_o intend_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o england_n but_o to_o be_v carry_v to_o some_o other_o foreign_a part_n so_o be_v the_o word_n but_o by_o the_o word_n or_o some_o other_o foreign_a part_n they_o may_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v carry_v as_o merchandise_n into_o some_o foreign_a part_n which_o be_v of_o the_o king_n dominion_n or_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o the_o act_n mention_n both_o and_o the_o act_n limit_n the_o duty_n not_o upon_o good_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n but_o upon_o good_n bring_v by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n by_o native_n or_o alien_n into_o any_o the_o king_n dominion_n which_o must_v be_v intend_v his_o dominion_n as_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v enact_v here_o concern_v his_o dominion_n not_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o the_o verdict_n be_v uncertain_a whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o foreign_a part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o
england_n or_o into_o part_n not_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n nor_o follow_v it_o because_o good_n be_v intend_v to_o be_v sell_v that_o be_v as_o merchandise_n in_o a_o place_n where_o good_a market_n be_v for_o they_o that_o they_o be_v intend_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o any_o other_o place_n where_o no_o profit_n can_v be_v make_v or_o not_o so_o much_o or_o where_o such_o good_n be_v perhaps_o prohibit_v commodity_n therefore_o the_o word_n of_o the_o act_n bring_v as_o merchandise_n must_v mean_v that_o the_o good_n be_v for_o merchandise_n at_o the_o place_n they_o be_v bring_v unto_o and_o good_n bring_v or_o import_v any_o where_n as_o merchandise_n or_o by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n that_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v must_v necessary_o have_v a_o owner_n to_o set_v and_o receive_v the_o price_n for_o which_o they_o be_v sell_v unless_o a_o man_n will_v say_v that_o good_n can_v sell_v themselves_o and_o set_v and_o receive_v their_o own_o prize_n but_o wreck_v good_n import_v or_o bring_v any_o where_o have_v no_o owner_n to_o sell_v or_o prize_v they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o importation_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o bring_v by_o way_n of_o or_o as_o merchandise_n to_o england_n or_o any_o where_o else_o second_o though_o in_o a_o loose_a sense_n inanimate_a thing_n be_v say_v to_o bring_v thing_n as_o in_o certain_a season_n rain_v to_o bring_v grass_n in_o other_o season_n some_o wind_n to_o bring_v snow_n and_o frost_n some_o storm_n to_o bring_v certain_a fowl_n and_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n yet_o when_o the_o bring_n in_o or_o import_v or_o bring_v out_o and_o export_v have_v reference_n to_o act_n of_o deliberation_n and_o purpose_n as_o of_o good_n for_o sale_n which_o must_v be_v do_v by_o a_o rational_a agent_n or_o when_o the_o thing_n bring_v require_v a_o rational_a bringer_n or_o importer_n as_o be_v it_o a_o message_n a_o answer_n a_o account_n or_o the_o like_a no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o thing_n to_o be_v import_v or_o bring_v by_o such_o deliberative_a agent_n who_o must_v have_v purpose_n in_o what_o they_o do_v can_v be_v intend_v to_o be_v import_v or_o bring_v by_o casual_a and_o insensible_a agent_n but_o by_o person_n and_o medium_n and_o instrument_n proper_a for_o the_o action_n of_o reasonable_a agent_n therefore_o we_o say_v not_o that_o good_n drown_v or_o lose_v in_o pass_v a_o ferry_n a_o great_a river_n a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v export_v though_o carry_v to_o sea_n but_o good_n export_v be_v such_o as_o be_v convey_v to_o sea_n in_o ship_n or_o other_o naval_a carriage_n of_o man_n artifice_n and_o by_o like_a reason_n good_n import_v must_v not_o be_v good_n import_v by_o the_o wind_n water_n or_o such_o inanimate_a mean_n but_o in_o ship_n vessel_n and_o other_o conveyance_n use_v by_o reasonable_a agent_n as_o merchant_n mariner_n sailors_z etc._n etc._n whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o good_n or_o merchandise_n import_v within_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o act_n can_v only_o be_v such_o as_o be_v import_v with_o deliberation_n and_o by_o reasonable_a agent_n not_o casual_o and_o without_o reason_n and_o therefore_o wreck_v good_n be_v no_o good_n import_v within_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o act_n and_o consequent_o not_o to_o answer_v the_o king_n duty_n for_o good_n as_o good_n can_v offend_v forfeit_v unlade_v pay_v duty_n or_o the_o like_a but_o man_n who_o good_n they_o be_v and_o wrecked_a good_n have_v not_o owner_n to_o do_v these_o office_n when_o the_o act_n require_v they_o shall_v be_v do_v therefore_o the_o act_n intend_v not_o to_o charge_v the_o duty_n upon_o such_o good_n judgement_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n the_o chief_a justice_n deliver_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court._n hill_n 23_o &_o 24_o car._n ii_o c._n b._n rot._n 695._o richard_n crowley_n plaintiff_n in_o a_o replevin_n against_o thomas_n swindle_n william_n whitehouse_n roger_n walton_n defendant_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o the_o defendant_n the_o thirty_o of_o december_n 22_o car._n 2._o at_o king_n norton_n in_o a_o place_n there_o call_v hurley_n field_n take_v his_o beast_n four_o cow_n and_o four_o heifer_n and_o detain_v they_o to_o his_o damage_n of_o forty_o pound_n the_o defendant_n defend_v the_o force_n and_o as_o bailiff_n of_o mary_n ashenhurst_n widow_n justify_v the_o caption_n and_o that_o the_o place_n contain_v and_o do_v contain_v when_o the_o caption_n be_v suppose_v twenty_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o king_n norton_n aforesaid_a that_o long_o before_o the_o caption_n one_o thomas_n greaves_n esquire_n be_v seize_v of_o one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n and_o of_o one_o hundred_o acre_n of_o pasture_n in_o king_n norton_n aforesaid_a in_o the_o say_a county_n of_o worcester_n whereof_o the_o locus_n in_o quo_fw-la be_v and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o caption_n and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v parcel_n in_o his_o demesne_fw-la as_o of_o fee_n contain_v twenty_o acre_n that_o he_o long_o before_o the_o caption_n that_o be_v 18_o die_v decemb._n 16_o car._n 1._o at_o king_n norton_n aforesaid_a by_o his_o indenture_n in_o write_v under_o his_o seal_n which_o the_o defendant_n produce_v date_v the_o say_a day_n and_o year_n in_o consideration_n of_o former_a service_n do_v by_o edmond_n ashenhurst_n to_o he_o the_o say_v thomas_n do_v grant_v by_o his_o say_a write_v to_o the_o say_v edmond_n and_o mary_n his_o wife_n one_o yearly_a rent_n of_o twenty_o pound_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o say_v twenty_o acre_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n by_o the_o name_n of_o all_o his_o land_n and_o hereditament_n situate_a in_o king_n norton_n aforesaid_a habendum_fw-la the_o say_a rent_n to_o the_o say_v edmond_n and_o mary_n and_o their_o assign_v after_o the_o decease_n of_o one_o anne_n greaves_n and_o thomas_n greaves_n uncle_n to_o the_o grantor_n or_o either_o of_o they_o which_o first_o shall_v happen_v during_o the_o life_n of_o edmond_n and_o mary_n and_o the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o at_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o annunciation_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n mary_n and_o st._n michael_n the_o arch_a angel_n by_o equal_a portion_n the_o first_o payment_n to_o begin_v at_o such_o of_o the_o say_a feast_n as_o shall_v first_o happen_v next_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v anne_n greaves_n and_o thomas_n the_o uncle_n or_o either_o of_o they_o that_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v behind_o in_o part_n or_o in_o all_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o grantee_n and_o the_o survivor_n of_o they_o to_o enter_v into_o all_o and_o singular_a the_o land_n in_o king_n norton_n of_o the_o grantor_n and_o to_o distrain_v and_o detain_v until_o payment_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o say_v edmond_n and_o mary_n become_v seize_v of_o the_o say_v rend_v in_o their_o demesne_n as_o of_o free_a hold_n during_o their_o life_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o defendant_n say_v further_o in_o fact_n that_o after_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o last_o day_n of_o february_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o now_o king_n the_o say_a anne_n greaves_n and_o thomas_n the_o uncle_n and_o edmond_n the_o husband_n die_v at_o king_n norton_n that_o for_o twenty_o pound_n of_o the_o say_v rend_v for_o one_o whole_a year_n end_v at_o the_o feast_n of_o saint_n michael_n the_o archangel_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o the_o king_n unpaid_a to_o the_o say_v mary_n the_o defendant_n justify_v the_o caption_n as_o in_o land_n subject_a to_o the_o say_v mary_n distress_n as_o her_o bailiff_n and_o aver_v she_o to_o be_v live_v at_o king_n norton_n aforesaid_a the_o plaintiff_n demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o write_v indent_v by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o say_a annuity_n be_v grant_v to_o edmond_n and_o mary_n and_o their_o assign_v in_o manner_n set_v forth_o by_o the_o defendant_n in_o their_o conuzance_n but_o with_o this_o variance_n in_o the_o deed_n and_o if_o the_o aforesaid_a yearly_a rent_n of_o ten_o pound_n and_o of_o twenty_o pound_n shall_v be_v unpaid_a at_o any_o the_o day_n aforesaid_a in_o part_n or_o in_o all_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o say_v edmond_n and_o mary_n at_o any_o time_n during_o the_o joint_a natural_a life_n of_o the_o say_v anne_n greaves_n and_o thomas_n greaves_n the_o uncle_n if_o the_o say_v edmond_n and_o mary_n or_o either_o of_o they_o shall_v so_o long_o live_v and_o as_o often_o as_o the_o say_a rent_n of_o twenty_o pound_n or_o any_o parcel_n shall_v be_v behind_o to_o enter_v into_o all_o the_o say_v thomas_n greaves_n the_o grantors_n land_n in_o king_n norton_n aforesaid_a and_o to_o distrain_v upon_o oyer_n of_o which_o indenture_n the_o plaintiff_n demur_n upon_o the_o conuzance_n two_o exception_n have_v be_v take_v to_o this_o conuzance_n make_v by_o the_o defendant_n the_o first_o for_o that_o
by_o the_o party_n this_o difference_n be_v very_o material_a for_o if_o the_o father_n can_v devise_v the_o land_n in_o trust_n for_o he_o until_o his_o son_n come_v to_o one_o and_o twenty_o as_o he_o can_v grant_v the_o custody_n then_o as_o in_o other_o case_n of_o lease_n for_o year_n the_o land_n undoubted_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o executor_n or_o administrator_n of_o he_o who_o the_o father_n name_v for_o the_o tuition_n and_o the_o trust_n shall_v follow_v the_o land_n as_o in_o other_o case_n where_o land_n be_v convey_v in_o trust_n but_o when_o he_o can_v ex_fw-la directo_fw-la devise_v the_o land_n in_o trust_n than_o the_o land_n follow_v the_o custody_n and_o not_o the_o custody_n the_o land_n and_o the_o land_n must_v go_v as_o the_o custody_n can_v go_v and_o not_o the_o custody_n as_o the_o land_n can_v go_v 4._o coke_n litt._n f._n 49._o a._n 1_o h._n 7._o 28._o 8_o h._n 7._o 4._o as_o where_o a_o house_n or_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o office_n or_o a_o chamber_n to_o a_o corody_n the_o office_n or_o corody_n be_v grant_v by_o deed_n the_o house_n and_o land_n follow_v as_o incident_a or_o belong_v without_o livery_n because_o the_o office_n be_v the_o principal_a and_o the_o land_n but_o pertain_v to_o it_o a_o second_o consideration_n be_v that_o by_o this_o act_n no_o new_a custody_n be_v institute_v but_o the_o office_n of_o guardian_n as_o to_o the_o duty_n and_o power_n of_o the_o place_n be_v leave_v the_o same_o as_o the_o law_n before_o have_v prescribe_v and_o settle_v of_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n but_o the_o modus_fw-la habendi_fw-la of_o that_o office_n be_v alter_v by_o this_o act_n in_o two_o circumstance_n the_o first_o 1._o it_o may_v be_v hold_v for_o a_o long_a time_n viz._n to_o the_o age_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o one_o and_o twenty_o where_o before_o it_o be_v but_o to_o fourteen_o 2._o it_o may_v be_v by_o other_o person_n hold_v for_o before_o it_o be_v the_o next_o of_o kindred_n not_o inheritable_a can_v have_v it_o now_o who_o the_o father_n name_n shall_v have_v it_o so_o it_o be_v as_o if_o a_o office_n grantable_a for_o life_n only_o before_o shall_v be_v make_v grantable_a for_o year_n by_o parliament_n or_o grantable_a before_o to_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v make_v grantable_a but_o to_o some_o kind_n of_o person_n only_o the_o office_n as_o to_o the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o its_o essence_n be_v the_o same_o it_o be_v but_o the_o modus_fw-la habendi_fw-la alter_v if_o therefore_o this_o new_a guardian_n be_v the_o same_o in_o office_n and_o interest_n with_o the_o former_a guardian_n in_o soccage_n and_o vary_v from_o it_o only_o in_o the_o modus_fw-la habendi_fw-la than_o the_o ward_n have_v the_o same_o legal_a remedy_n against_o this_o guardian_n as_o be_v against_o the_o old_a but_o if_o this_o be_v a_o new_a office_n of_o guardianship_n differ_v in_o its_o nature_n from_o the_o other_o the_o heir_n have_v no_o remedy_n against_o he_o at_o all_o in_o law_n for_o though_o this_o new_a guardian_n be_v enable_v to_o have_v such_o action_n as_o the_o old_a may_v have_v yet_o this_o act_n enable_v not_o the_o heir_n to_o have_v like_o action_n or_o any_o other_o against_o he_o as_o he_o may_v against_o the_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n the_o intent_n of_o this_o statute_n be_v to_o privilege_v the_o father_n against_o common_a right_n to_o appoint_v the_o guardian_n of_o his_o heir_n and_o the_o time_n of_o his_o wardship_n under_o one_o and_o twenty_o but_o leave_v the_o heir_n of_o all_o other_o ancestor_n ward_n in_o soccage_n as_o before_o therefore_o i_o hold_v 1._o that_o such_o a_o special_a guardian_n can_v transferr_v the_o custody_n of_o the_o ward_n by_o deed_n or_o will_n to_o any_o other_o 2._o that_o he_o have_v no_o different_a interest_n from_o a_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n but_o for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o wardship_n 1._o when_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n alteâ—s_v the_o common_a law_n the_o meaning_n shall_v not_o be_v strain_v beyond_o the_o word_n except_o in_o case_n of_o public_a utility_n when_o the_o end_n of_o the_o act_n appear_v to_o be_v large_a than_o the_o enact_v word_n but_o by_o the_o word_n the_o father_n only_o can_v appoint_v the_o guardian_n therefore_o the_o guardian_n so_o appoint_v can_v appoint_v another_o guardian_n 2._o the_o mother_n have_v the_o same_o concern_v for_o her_o heir_n as_o the_o father_n have_v but_o she_o can_v by_o the_o act_n name_n a_o guardian_n therefore_o much_o less_o can_v the_o guardian_n name_v by_o the_o father_n 3._o the_o father_n can_v by_o the_o act_n give_v the_o custody_n to_o a_o papist_n but_o if_o it_o may_v be_v transfer_v over_o by_o he_o who_o the_o father_n name_n or_o by_o act_n in_o law_n go_v to_o his_o executor_n or_o administrator_n it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o papist_n against_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o act._n 4._o office_n or_o act_n of_o personal_a trust_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o trust_n be_v not_o personal_a which_o any_o man_n may_v have_v b._n dyer_n 2_o &_o 3_o eliz._n f._n 189._o b._n 5._o at_o the_o common_a law_n none_o can_v have_v the_o custody_n and_o marriage_n of_o a_o man_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a from_o the_o father_n yet_o the_o father_n can_v not_o grant_v or_o sell_v the_o custody_n and_o marriage_n of_o his_o heir_n apparent_a though_o the_o marriage_n be_v to_o his_o own_o benefit_n as_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o lord_n bray_n case_n who_o by_o indenture_n have_v sell_v for_o eight_o hundred_o pound_n the_o custody_n and_o marriage_n of_o his_o son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o to_o the_o lord_n audley_n chancellor_n of_o england_n lord_n cromwell_n lord_n privy_a seal_n sir_n william_n paulett_n treasurer_n of_o the_o household_n the_o marquis_n of_o winchester_n lord_n treasurer_n 19_o dyer_n supra_fw-la f._n 190._o b._n pl._n 19_o the_o reason_n give_v be_v that_o the_o father_n have_v no_o interest_n to_o be_v grant_v or_o sell_v to_o a_o stranger_n in_o his_o elder_a son_n but_o it_o be_v inseparable_o annex_v to_o the_o person_n of_o the_o father_n two_o judge_n differ_v because_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n will_v lie_v for_o take_v away_o a_o man_n heir_n apparent_a and_o marry_v he_o whence_o they_o conclude_v he_o may_v be_v grant_v as_o a_o chattel_n o._n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 23._o a._n fitz._n n._n br._n tresp_n f._n 90._o b._n lett._n g._n f._n 89._o lett._n o._n but_o a_o action_n of_o trespass_n will_v lie_v for_o take_v away_o one_o servant_n for_o take_v away_o a_o monk_n where_o he_o be_v cloister_v in_o castigationem_fw-la pro_fw-la uxore_fw-la abducta_fw-la cum_fw-la bonis_fw-la viri_fw-la yet_o none_o of_o these_o be_v assignable_a 48._o west_n 1._o c._n 48._o by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o if_o the_o guardian_n in_o chivalry_n make_v a_o feoffment_n of_o the_o ward_n land_n in_o his_o custody_n during_o his_o minority_n the_o heir_n may_v forthwith_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n against_o the_o guardian_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o land_n recover_v shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o heir_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o account_v for_o to_o he_o at_o his_o full_a age._n this_o be_v neither_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n nor_o chivalry_n 99_o coke_n 2._o inst_z f._n 260._o b._n by_o 4_o 5_o p.m._n c._n 8._o no_o woman_n child_n under_o 16._o can_v be_v take_v against_o his_o will_n who_o the_o father_n have_v make_v guardian_n by_o deed_n or_o will_n yet_o this_o be_v no_o lease_n of_o the_o custody_n till_o 16._o nor_o be_v it_o assignable_a ratcliff_n c._n 3._o rep._n shopland_n c._n 3_o jac._n cr._n f._n 99_o but_o a_o special_a guardian_n appoint_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o such_o a_o guardian_n can_v not_o assign_v over_o nor_o shall_v it_o go_v to_o his_o executor_n by_o the_o express_a book_n this_o case_n likewise_o and_o common_a experience_n prove_v that_o guardian_n in_o soccage_n can_v assign_v nor_o shall_v the_o custody_n go_v to_o his_o executor_n though_o some_o ancient_a book_n make_v some_o doubt_n therein_o for_o express_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 52_o h._n 3._o the_o next_o of_o kin_n be_v to_o answer_v and_o be_v accountable_a to_o the_o heir_n in_o soccage_n as_o this_o special_a guardian_n be_v here_o by_o westminster_n the_o first_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o guardian_n trust_v for_o the_o heir_n can_v neither_o assign_v their_o custody_n nor_o do_v it_o go_v to_o their_o executor_n because_o the_o trust_n be_v personal_a and_o they_o have_v no_o interest_n for_o themselves_o the_o trust_n be_v as_o personal_a in_o this_o new_a guardian_n nor_o have_v he_o any_o interest_n in_o it_o for_o himself_o and_o
communitatem_fw-la aliquam_fw-la quae_fw-la sit_fw-la pars_fw-la majoris_fw-la communitatis_fw-la sicut_fw-la uni_fw-la religioni_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la aut_fw-la civitati_fw-la conceditur_fw-la privilegium_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la excipitur_fw-la à _fw-la lege_fw-la communi_fw-la potest_fw-la etiam_fw-la concedi_fw-la toti_fw-la communitati_fw-la pro_fw-la uno_fw-la actu_fw-la vel_fw-la pro_fw-la certo_fw-la tempore_fw-la per_fw-la modum_fw-la suspensionis_fw-la this_o last_o must_v be_v understand_v where_o the_o dispensator_fw-la be_v the_o entire_a lawmaker_n and_o according_o dispensation_n be_v as_o frequent_o grant_v by_o the_o pope_n from_o who_o the_o use_n of_o dispensation_n be_v principal_o derive_v to_o we_o to_o body_n corporate_a that_o be_v to_o religious_a order_n as_o to_o private_a person_n bullarium_n laertius_n cherubinus_n his_o bullarium_n as_o be_v apparent_a in_o the_o bullary_n if_o any_o will_v consult_v they_o but_o i_o forbear_v cite_v they_o because_o they_o be_v foreign_a authority_n 3._o 2_o r._n 3._o f._n 11_o 12._o 1_o h._n 7._o f._n 2_o 3._o e._n 3._o license_v the_o citizen_n of_o waterford_n in_o ireland_n their_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o carry_v their_o staple_n merchandise_n to_o what_o part_n they_o please_v beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v bind_v under_o great_a penalty_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o staple_n and_o the_o judge_n twice_o assemble_v 2_o r._n 3._o &_o 1_o h._n 7._o make_v no_o question_n of_o the_o king_n dispensation_n but_o the_o question_n be_v because_o late_a law_n of_o henry_n the_o sixth_n time_n have_v enact_v the_o bring_n of_o irish_a merchandise_n to_o the_o staple_n at_o calais_n b._n regist_n ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la f._n 252._o b._n the_o king_n may_v licence_v a_o aggregate_v body_n corporate_a and_o their_o successor_n to_o dam_v up_o a_o ancient_a current_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o their_o land_n for_o carriage_n by_o water_n to_o a_o vill_n and_o that_o such_o passage_n and_o carriage_n shall_v be_v by_o a_o new_a current_n as_o commodious_a as_o appear_v by_o a_o writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la in_o the_o register_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n which_o be_v a_o body_n corporate_a the_o like_a licence_n may_v be_v to_o such_o body_n corporate_a and_o their_o successor_n b_o regist_n f._n 254._o b_o to_o bring_v the_o watercourse_n of_o a_o well_o for_o the_o use_n of_o that_o community_n as_o by_o like_a writ_n of_o ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o prior_n and_o covent_n of_o k._n for_o divert_v such_o a_o watercourse_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o house_n and_o by_o another_o like_a writ_n a_o regist_n f._n 255._o a_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o fraternity_n of_o friar_n minor_n for_o divert_v of_o a_o watercourse_n or_o part_n of_o it_o to_o serve_v the_o house_n of_o the_o fraternity_n and_o so_o a_o licence_n may_v be_v to_o a_o corporation_n to_o stop_v up_o a_o highway_n through_o their_o land_n a_o more_o commodious_a be_v by_o they_o set_v out_o in_o place_n of_o it_o as_o be_v common_a in_o the_o case_n of_o particular_a person_n and_o in_o all_o these_o case_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o licence_n be_v to_o every_o particular_a person_n of_o the_o corporation_n more_o than_o to_o the_o body_n politic_n and_o these_o be_v not_o licence_n where_o the_o king_n have_v a_o inheritance_n unless_o all_o highway_n and_o watercourse_n be_v account_v the_o king_n inheritance_n the_o like_a dispensation_n or_o exemption_n the_o king_n may_v grant_v to_o a_o corporation_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v toll-free_a which_o extend_v to_o every_o man_n and_o not_o to_o the_o corporation_n only_o in_o their_o corporate_a capacity_n and_o a_o dispensation_n and_o exemption_n differ_v in_o sound_n only_o for_o a_o dispensation_n be_v proper_o to_o licence_v a_o person_n to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o he_o can_v do_v but_o be_v by_o a_o law_n penal_o prohibit_v from_o do_v it_o a_o exemption_n be_v proper_o to_o licence_v a_o man_n or_o man_n not_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o they_o be_v penal_o by_o a_o law_n precept_v to_o do_v edward_n the_o three_o grant_v to_o the_o bailiff_n mayor_n 6._o 4_o h._n 6._o f._n 6._o and_o burgess_n of_o oxford_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v swear_v in_o jury_n with_o foreigner_n that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o town_n the_o like_a grant_n be_v make_v to_o the_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o norwich_n by_o edward_n the_o four_o 56._o 21_o e._n 4._o f._n 56._o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v in_o jury_n out_o of_o the_o town_n of_o norfolk_n these_o be_v dispensation_n or_o exemption_n to_o a_o corporation_n and_o their_o successor_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v serve_v in_o jury_n but_o within_o their_o corporation_n which_o otherwise_o by_o the_o law_n they_o must_v have_v do_v and_o the_o like_a we_o meet_v with_o daily_a to_o other_o town_n in_o the_o circuit_n now_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v that_o highway_n the_o water-stream_n toll_v of_o market_n fine_n of_o juror_n and_o the_o like_a be_v the_o king_n inheritance_n as_o well_o as_o his_o custom_n be_v and_o therefore_o the_o king_n as_o to_o they_o may_v dispense_v with_o corporation_n than_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o penal_a law_n the_o breach_n of_o which_o enable_v no_o man_n to_o a_o action_n for_o his_o damage_n thereby_o and_o the_o forfeiture_n and_o punishment_n for_o break_v they_o be_v much_o more_o the_o king_n inheritance_n therefore_o ex_fw-la concesso_fw-la the_o king_n may_v dispense_v with_o corporation_n as_o to_o they_o c._n pl._n com._n f._n 487_o nicholls_n c._n 2._o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v in_o any_o case_n but_o with_o his_o own_o right_n and_o not_o with_o the_o right_n of_o any_o other_o and_o every_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v its_o inheritance_n or_o interest_n therefore_o where_o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v at_o all_o he_o have_v a_o inheritance_n or_o interest_n and_o consequent_o where_o he_o can_v dispense_v at_o all_o he_o may_v dispense_v to_o a_o corporation_n if_o the_o law_n of_o 7_o e._n 6._o and_o 12_o car._n 2._o have_v be_v pen_v thus_o every_o man_n that_o sell_v wine_n contrary_a to_o this_o act_n shall_v pay_v the_o king_n two_o penny_n for_o every_o pint_n so_o sell_v this_o two_o penny_n have_v be_v a_o duty_n and_o inheritance_n to_o the_o king_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v without_o difference_n and_o as_o the_o duty_n of_o six_o penny_n late_o be_v upon_o every_o quart_n of_o french_a wine_n retail_v why_o then_o the_o great_a or_o less_o the_o duty_n be_v alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o king_n inheritance_n in_o the_o duty_n therefore_o if_o the_o act_n have_v be_v that_o every_o seller_n of_o wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o act_n shall_v pay_v the_o king_n five_o pound_n for_o every_o pint_n sell_v there_o five_o pound_n have_v equal_o be_v the_o king_n duty_n and_o inheritance_n as_o the_o two_o penny_n before_o and_o there_o have_v be_v no_o restraint_n to_o sell_v but_o what_o be_v make_v by_o payment_n of_o so_o great_a a_o duty_n to_o the_o king_n second_o the_o act_n so_o pen_v have_v equal_o hinder_v the_o sell_v of_o wine_n as_o now_o they_o do_v by_o word_n prohibit_v sale_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o five_o pound_n for_o in_o both_o case_n the_o payment_n of_o five_o pound_n whether_o by_o forfeiture_n or_o duty_n be_v that_o which_o only_o prevent_v the_o sell_v therefore_o the_o law_n be_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n either_o way_n pen_v and_o consequent_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o five_o pound_n give_v as_o the_o act_n stand_v pen_v be_v equal_o the_o king_n inheritance_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v give_v by_o way_n of_o duty_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o will_v show_v what_o dispensation_n or_o licence_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v unquestionable_o good_a to_o corporation_n and_o their_o successor_n 1._o a_o licence_n to_o purchase_v in_o mortmain_n which_o none_o can_v have_v but_o a_o corporation_n or_o single_a body_n politic_n 2._o a_o licence_n to_o make_v a_o park_n chase_n or_o warren_n in_o their_o own_o ground_n which_o the_o law_n prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v without_o licence_n 3._o a_o licence_n to_o convert_v some_o quantity_n of_o their_o ancient_a arable_a land_n into_o pasture_n which_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o act_n of_o 4_o h._n 7._o 5_o eliz._n and_o divers_a other_o law_n 19_o 4_o h._n 7._o c._n 19_o most_o of_o which_o be_v repeal_v in_o 21_o jac._n which_o be_v not_o material_a as_o to_o the_o question_n in_o hand_n and_o that_o be_v a_o offence_n also_o at_o the_o common_a law_n and_o i_o remember_v it_o proceed_v against_o as_o such_o tempore_fw-la caâ—â—â—_n 1._o in_o the_o star-chamber_n after_o the_o repeal_n of_o most_o of_o the_o statute_n prohibit_v it_o 4._o a_o licence_n to_o
as_o the_o king_n bench_n 157_o commendam_fw-la 1._o capere_fw-la in_o commendam_fw-la be_v good_a where_o the_o patron_n be_v not_o prejudice_v 25_o 2._o retinere_fw-la in_o commendam_fw-la be_v good_a where_o consent_v to_o by_o he_o that_o be_v to_o present_v to_o the_o avoidance_n 25_o 3._o commendam_fw-la retinere_fw-la may_v be_v for_o year_n 24_o 25_o 4._o how_o many_o benefice_n a_o bishop_n may_v retain_v by_o a_o dispensation_n 25_o 5._o although_o the_o king_n confirm_v it_o yet_o the_o incumbent_n derive_v no_o estate_n from_o the_o king_n but_o only_o by_o the_o patron_n presentment_n 26_o common_a see_v title_n statute_n 1._o 1._o no_o common_a of_o pasture_n can_v be_v claim_v by_o custom_n within_o the_o manor_n that_o may_v not_o be_v prescribe_v for_o out_o of_o the_o manor_n 254_o 2._o inhabitant_n not_o incorporate_v can_v prescribe_v in_o a_o common_a 254_o 3._o how_o copyholder_n must_v prescribe_v for_o common_a ibid._n 4._o where_o the_o tenant_n may_v prescribe_v to_o have_v sola_fw-la &_o separalis_fw-la communia_fw-la and_o where_o not_o 255_o 256_o 5._o one_o or_o more_o tenant_n may_v have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la communiam_fw-la from_o other_o commoner_n but_o not_o from_o the_o lord_n 256_o 6._o where_o the_o commoner_n claim_v habere_fw-la solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la how_o and_o upon_o what_o action_n whether_o the_o lord_n shall_v be_v exclude_v or_o no_o the_o matter_n will_v come_v in_o question_n 253_o 7._o where_o a_o commoner_n prescribe_v for_o common_a for_o cattle_n levant_a and_o couchant_a antiquo_fw-la messuagio_fw-it without_o any_o land_n the_o prescription_n be_v naught_o because_o cattle_n can_v be_v levant_a and_o couchant_a to_o a_o common_a intent_n upon_o a_o message_n only_o 252_o 253_o 8._o where_o the_o lord_n may_v approve_v against_o the_o commoner_n be_v a_o exposition_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o merton_n 256_o 257_o common_a plea_n court_n 1._o the_o common_a plea_n or_o exchequer_n may_v upon_o the_o return_n of_o a_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la d_o scharge_v a_o prisoner_n if_o it_o appear_v the_o imprisonment_n be_v against_o law_n 157_o 2._o if_o the_o imprisonment_n be_v just_a or_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a the_o common_a plea_n can_v bail_v he_o but_o must_v remand_v he_o 157_o 3._o a_o prohibition_n for_o encroach_a of_o jurisdiction_n lie_v in_o the_o common_a plea_n 157_o condition_n 1._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o condition_n and_o limitation_n 32_o 2._o a_o devise_n to_o the_o son_n and_o heir_n and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o pay_v all_o the_o legacy_n that_o then_o it_o shall_v remain_v to_o the_o legatee_n in_o default_n of_o payment_n this_o shall_v vest_n in_o the_o legatee_n by_o executory_a devise_n 271_o condition_n of_o a_o obligation_n 1._o a_o bond_n be_v enter_v into_o with_o condition_n for_o quiet_a enjoyment_n the_o defendant_n plead_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n enter_v and_o may_v have_v quiet_o enjoy_v the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o he_o be_v out_v by_o j._n s._n the_o replication_n be_v void_a because_o he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o j._n s._n have_v a_o good_a title_n 121_o 122_o confirmation_n 1._o a_o confirmation_n can_v be_v for_o a_o time_n 27_o 2._o where_o it_o shall_v enlarge_v a_o estate_n 44_o 45_o 3._o the_o king_n confirmation_n of_o a_o commendam_fw-la transfer_v no_o right_a to_o the_o incumbent_n 26_o constable_n see_v title_n officer_n  _fw-fr construction_n of_o law_n see_v title_n law_n 1._o it_o be_v both_o equitable_a and_o of_o public_a convenience_n that_o the_o law_n shall_v assist_v man_n to_o recover_v their_o due_n when_o detain_v from_o they_o 38_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o absurdity_n to_o say_v that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o a_o thing_n for_o which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o no_o remedy_n 47_o 138_o copyholder_n 1._o they_o can_v prescribe_v against_o the_o lord_n to_o have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la 254_o 255_o 2._o how_o the_o copyholder_n must_v prescribe_v for_o common_a 254_o corporation_n 1._o the_o king_n may_v dispense_v with_o a_o corporation_n for_o any_o thing_n which_o in_o its_o nature_n may_v be_v dispense_v with_o 347_o 348_o 2._o the_o king_n may_v dispense_v with_o a_o corporation_n as_o to_o penal_a law_n 349_o 350_o 3._o what_o licenses_fw-la make_v by_o the_o king_n to_o corporation_n be_v good_a and_o several_a instance_n of_o they_o 348_o 349_o 350_o 4._o what_o licenses_fw-la to_o a_o corporation_n be_v not_o good_a 351_o 352_o cost_v see_v damage_n 1._o upon_o a_o nonsuit_n or_o discontinuance_n upon_o a_o action_n bring_v against_o officer_n they_o shall_v have_v their_o double_a cost_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o one_o and_o twenty_o of_o king_n james_n 117_o covenant_n 1._o all_o covenant_n between_o the_o lessor_n and_o lessee_n be_v covenant_n in_o law_n or_o express_v covenant_n 118_o 2._o a_o express_a covenant_n restrain_v the_o general_a covenant_n in_o law_n 126_o 3._o where_o the_o covenant_n be_v to_o enjoy_v against_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a man_n and_o where_o against_o all_o man_n 127_o 4._o by_o a_o covenant_n in_o law_n the_o lessee_n be_v to_o enjoy_v his_o term_n against_o the_o lawful_a entry_n or_o interruption_n of_o any_o man_n but_o not_o against_o tortuous_a entry_n because_o the_o lessee_n have_v his_o proper_a remedy_n against_o the_o wrong-doer_n 118_o 119_o 5._o if_o a_o stranger_n who_o have_v no_o right_a out_v the_o lessee_n he_o shall_v not_o bring_v covenant_n against_o the_o lessor_n because_o he_o have_v remedy_n by_o action_n against_o the_o stranger_n but_o if_o he_o enter_v by_o elder_a title_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v covenant_n because_o he_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n 119_o 120_o 6._o though_o the_o covenant_n be_v that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v enjoy_v against_o all_o person_n yet_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v covenant_n against_o the_o lessor_n unless_o he_o be_v legal_o out_v 119_o 120_o 121_o 123_o 7._o the_o law_n shall_v never_o adjudge_v that_o a_o man_n covenant_n against_o the_o wrongful_a act_n of_o stranger_n except_o the_o word_n be_v full_a and_o express_a 121_o 8._o when_o the_o covenant_n be_v to_o enjoy_v against_o all_o man_n the_o covenant_n be_v not_o express_o to_o enjoy_v against_o tortuous_a act_n neither_o will_v the_o law_n so_o interpret_v it_o 123_o 125_o coverture_n see_v baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr  _fw-fr county_n palatine_n see_v title_n franchise_n  _fw-fr court_n or_o court_n see_v common_a plea_n king_n bench._n 1._o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench_n can_v pretend_v to_o the_o only_a discharge_n of_o prisoner_n upon_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la unless_o in_o case_n of_o privilege_n but_o the_o chancery_n may_v do_v it_o without_o question_n 157_o 2._o prohibition_n for_o encroach_a jurisdiction_n may_v issue_v as_o well_o out_o of_o the_o common_a plea_n as_o king_n bench_n ibid._n 209_o 3._o the_o judge_n of_o the_o temporal_a court_n have_v full_a conizance_n of_o what_o marriage_n be_v within_o the_o levitical_a degree_n and_o what_o not_o 207_o 4._o they_o have_v likewise_o conizance_n of_o what_o marriage_n be_v incestuous_a and_o what_o not_o and_o may_v prohibit_v the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n from_o question_v such_o marriage_n 207_o 5._o the_o secular_a judge_n be_v most_o conizant_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n 213_o 6._o if_o a_o court_n give_v judgement_n judicial_o another_o court_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o give_v the_o like_a judgement_n unless_o it_o think_v that_o judgement_n first_o give_v to_o be_v according_a to_o law_n 383_o 7._o the_o court_n of_o the_o session_n in_o london_n do_v not_o differ_v in_o its_o essence_n nature_n and_o power_n from_o another_o session_n in_o the_o country_n but_o all_o differ_v in_o their_o accident_n which_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o their_o act_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o law_n 140_o custom_n see_v prescription_n 1._o how_o thing_n become_v strange_o unnatural_a to_o man_n by_o custom_n only_o 224_o custom_n for_o merchandise_n see_v title_n statute_n 2_o 25._o 1._o the_o custom_n call_v custumae_fw-la antiquae_fw-la for_o wool_n wooll-fells_a and_o leather_n be_v grant_v by_o parliament_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o be_v no_o duty_n at_o the_o common_a law_n 161_o 162_o 163_o 2._o the_o several_a property_n that_o wine_n must_v have_v which_o be_v liable_a to_o pay_v tonnage_n and_o poundage_n by_o the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o 165_o 3._o no_o good_n be_v to_o pay_v custom_n but_o those_o which_o be_v bring_v in_o to_o merchandise_n not_o such_o as_o come_v in_o by_o accident_n as_o in_o case_n of_o wreck_n 165_o 166_o 171_o 172_o 4._o by_o the_o common_a law_n all_o wreck_n be_v the_o king_n and_o therefore_o not_o liable_a to_o pay_v custom_n because_o they_o be_v his_o own_o 164_o damage_n see_v cost_v 1._o in_o a_o action_n upon_o the_o case_n the_o whole_a debt_n be_v