who_o confound_v i_o if_o i_o do_v it_o not_o that_o i_o will_v do_v this_o or_o that_o but_o ordinary_o either_o this_o or_o that_o part_n be_v omit_v and_o oath_n be_v more_o succinct_o give_v as_o by_o those_o example_n in_o holy_a scripture_n where_o god_n be_v introduce_v swear_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a there_o you_o may_v find_v god_n swear_v sometime_o by_o a_o simple_a attestation_n without_o any_o execration_n as_o in_o these_o as_o i_o live_v say_v the_o lord_n i_o have_v wear_v by_o myself_o by_o my_o holiness_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o without_o any_o attestation_n by_o a_o execration_n only_o but_o that_o too_o for_o the_o honour_n and_o reverence_n of_o so_o great_a a_o majesty_n and_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o man_n almost_o suppress_v by_o a_o aposiopesis_fw-la word_n of_o ill_a omen_n elliptical_o and_o diminute_o utter_v as_o in_o that_o of_o the_o psalm_n i_o swear_v in_o my_o wrath_n if_o they_o enter_v 95._o into_o my_o rest_n this_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n seem_v certain_a that_o every_o promissory_a oath_n under_o what_o form_n soever_o conceive_v brief_a or_o large_a so_o it_o be_v a_o oath_n and_o no_o mere_a asseveration_n or_o obtestation_n virtual_o contain_v both_o that_o be_v to_o say_v attestation_n and_o execration_n for_o in_o a_o oath_n both_o execration_n suppose_v attestation_n as_o the_v before_o it_o in_o nature_n and_o attestation_n inter_v execration_n as_o its_o necessary_a consequent_a that_o of_o plutarch_n be_v â—â—thy_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d every_o oath_n concude_v with_o a_o curse_n of_o perjury_n and_o thus_o much_o for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o promissory_a oath_n sect_n xi_o it_o remain_v that_o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o add_v something_o of_o the_o nature_n and_o force_n of_o obligation_n of_o obligation_n lawyer_n say_v much_o and_o with_o prolixity_n enough_o they_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v that_o which_o he_o owe_v which_o definition_n will_v be_v no_o least_o fit_a to_o explain_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v internal_a and_o appertain_v unto_o the_o court_n of_o conscience_n than_o those_o which_o be_v external_a and_o appertain_v to_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n whether_o in_o church_n or_o in_o commonwealth_n if_o the_o term_n of_o law_n be_v not_o restrain_v to_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a and_o positive_a only_o but_o so_o extend_v as_o it_o take_v in_o also_o universal_a law_n divine_a and_o natural_a now_o since_o every_o obligatory_a bond_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o definition_n derive_v itself_o from_o some_o law_n as_o the_o law_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o part_n divine_a and_o natural_a the_o other_o civil_a and_o humane_a so_o the_o bond_n or_o obligation_n arise_v from_o thence_o be_v also_o twofold_a to_o wit_n the_o natural_a bond_n which_o oblige_v natural_o and_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la by_o the_o virtue_n of_o divine_a law_n and_o the_o civil_a bond_n which_o oblige_v civil_o and_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la by_o virtue_n of_o humane_a law_n some_o call_v that_o the_o obligation_n of_o equity_n this_o the_o obligation_n of_o justice_n whether_o proper_o or_o improper_o i_o dispute_v not_o for_o where_o we_o agree_v in_o the_o thing_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o contend_v about_o the_o term_n but_o whereas_o they_o add_v a_o three_o kind_n of_o obligation_n compound_v of_o the_o former_a two_o that_o certain_o be_v not_o very_o convenient_a or_o at_o the_o least_o not_o necessary_a for_o if_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o duty_n as_o for_o example_n to_o feed_v his_o age_a parent_n both_o by_o natural_a law_n and_o civil_a this_o will_v be_v no_o new_a species_n of_o obligation_n mix_v of_o the_o other_o two_o but_o rather_o two_o obligation_n conjoin_v both_o in_o the_o subject_n and_o object_n in_o the_o subject_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o bind_v the_o same_o person_n and_o in_o the_o object_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o bind_v unto_o the_o same_o duty_n and_o yet_o natural_o and_o original_o distinct_a the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a for_o thing_n can_v by_o their_o mixture_n produce_v a_o new_a species_n without_o some_o real_a immutation_n of_o themselves_o whence_o aristotle_n define_v mistion_n misoibilium_fw-la alteratorum_fw-la unionem_fw-la for_o in_o all_o mistion_n there_o must_v be_v alteration_n and_o every_o alteration_n be_v a_o real_a mutation_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o generation_n of_o mix_a body_n out_o of_o the_o four_o element_n not_o entire_a but_o break_v and_o alter_v but_o where_o a_o new_a obligation_n be_v add_v unto_o a_o former_a one_o as_o in_o this_o case_n the_o civil_a to_o the_o natural_a no_o real_a mutation_n be_v make_v of_o either_o but_o the_o former_a obligation_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n it_o be_v in_o before_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o new_a and_o latter_a but_o i_o will_v not_o stay_v upon_o these_o subtlety_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o oath_n we_o consider_v the_o morâ—ll_n or_o natural_a obligation_n only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o especial_o the_o other_o the_o civil_a we_o leave_v to_o lawyer_n sect_n xii_o beside_o that_o distinction_n of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o its_o original_a in_o relation_n unto_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o derive_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o take_v from_o the_o object_n in_o relation_n unto_o the_o debt_n to_o be_v pay_v at_o which_o obligation_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o it_o be_v carry_v now_o debt_n be_v twofold_a debitum_fw-la officii_fw-la according_a unto_o which_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n to_o act_v and_o debitum_fw-la supplicii_fw-la according_a to_o which_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o law_n to_o suffer_v if_o he_o neglect_v his_o duty_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n we_o say_v that_o the_o mutual_a exercise_n of_o charity_n be_v a_o debt_n because_o the_o law_n of_o god_n enjoin_v it_o according_a to_o that_o rom._n 13._o 8._o owe_v no_o man_n any_o thing_n but_o to_o lov_v one_o another_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n we_o say_v that_o sin_n be_v debt_n as_o in_o the_o lord_n prayer_n forgive_v we_o our_o debt_n and_o that_o external_a death_n be_v a_o debt_n according_a to_o that_o rom._n 6._o 23._o the_o wage_n of_o sin_n be_v death_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o latter_a debt_n be_v contract_v by_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o former_a so_o that_o if_o a_o man_n full_o disengage_v his_o debitum_fw-la officiâ—â—_n by_o obey_v what_o the_o law_n command_v he_o remain_v not_o bind_v debito_fw-la supplicâ—i_fw-la to_o suffer_v that_o which_o the_o law_n denounce_v to_o this_o twofold_a debt_n answer_v a_o twofold_a obligation_n of_o the_o very_a same_o denomination_n to_o wit_n obligation_n ad_fw-la officium_fw-la to_o the_o performance_n of_o duty_n and_o obligation_n ad_fw-la supplicium_fw-la to_o the_o sufferance_n of_o punishment_n or_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a term_n which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o obligation_n to_o guilt_n and_o obligation_n to_o punishment_n but_o so_o as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n chief_a and_o prefer_v before_o the_o latter_a for_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o tyrant_n not_o of_o the_o law_n otherwise_o to_o inflict_v punishment_n then_o in_o relation_n to_o guilâ—_n and_o that_o speech_n of_o the_o apostle_n be_v true_a even_o in_o this_o sense_n though_o perhaps_o more_o right_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o another_o the_o law_n be_v not_o make_v for_o a_o righteous_a man_n the_o law_n therefore_o intend_v primary_o direct_o pierce_v and_o simple_o to_o oblige_v unto_o duty_n and_o obedience_n but_o unto_o chastisement_n and_o punishment_n it_o oblige_v only_o secondary_o indirect_o consequent_o and_o ex_fw-la hypothesi_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v suppose_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o duâ—y_n the_o apostle_n seem_v to_o have_v join_v both_o these_o obligation_n together_o in_o rom._n 13._o where_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o subjection_n due_a unto_o the_o sovereign_a power_n yâ—â—_n must_v needs_o say_v he_o be_v subject_a not_o only_o for_o wrath_n but_o also_o for_o conscrence_n sake_n from_o which_o word_n i_o gather_v three_o thing_n of_o concernment_n to_o my_o present_a intention_n the_o first_o be_v that_o we_o may_v be_v bind_v by_o a_o double_a bond_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n by_o the_o bond_n of_o duty_n and_o the_o bond_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o word_n of_o conscience_n and_o wrath_n the_o second_o that_o the_o conscience_n of_o duty_n ought_v with_o all_o good_a man_n to_o be_v value_v and_o prefer_v before_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n the_o three_o that_o the_o obligation_n of_o conscience_n arise_v
common_a speech_n to_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o a_o former_a oath_n lawful_o take_v three_o who_o compel_v another_o to_o swear_v unto_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n to_o wit_n against_o his_o duty_n to_o god_n to_o his_o superior_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n against_o a_o good_a life_n four_o who_o offer_v a_o oath_n of_o ambiguous_a sense_n or_o any_o way_n captious_a thereby_o to_o ensnare_v the_o conscience_n life_n liberty_n or_o fortune_n of_o his_o neighbour_n five_o who_o without_o necessity_n either_o terrify_v any_o person_n by_o threaten_n compel_v he_o by_o authority_n or_o inveigle_v he_o by_o persuasion_n example_n deceit_n or_o other_o mean_n to_o a_o oath_n which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v against_o the_o conscience_n of_o that_o person_n will_v to_o god_n all_o such_o as_o be_v in_o authority_n will_v serious_o consider_v with_o what_o a_o foul_a and_o indelible_a brand_n jeroboam_n the_o son_n of_o nebat_fw-la have_v stigmatise_v his_o name_n and_o conscience_n in_o cause_v the_o people_n of_o israel_n to_o sin_n and_o how_o grievous_o they_o provoke_v the_o lord_n to_o wrath_n who_o abuse_v the_o power_n he_o have_v give_v they_o for_o the_o edification_n unto_o the_o destruction_n of_o other_o sect_n fourteen_o the_o five_o conclusion_n a_o oath_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o reluct_v and_o unsatisfy_a conscience_n the_o first_o proof_n because_o that_o which_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n the_o second_o because_o we_o ought_v to_o swear_v in_o judgement_n which_o certain_o he_o do_v not_o who_o go_v against_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o conscience_n the_o three_o because_o such_o a_o action_n must_v needs_o be_v occasion_v by_o regard_n have_v unto_o some_o temporal_a advantage_n or_o fear_v of_o some_o loss_n or_o hope_v of_o some_o profit_n or_o desire_v to_o obtain_v favour_n or_o the_o like_a and_o how_o ill_o do_v it_o become_v a_o christian_n to_o prefer_v the_o world_n before_o god_n dirt_n before_o heaven_n the_o body_n before_o the_o soul_n temporal_a gain_n before_o eternal_a joy_n the_o folly_n of_o this_o before_o the_o hope_n of_o eternal_a life_n external_a peace_n before_o the_o quiet_a of_o conscience_n the_o four_o because_o the_o party_n so_o swear_v evident_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o danger_n of_o perjury_n for_o he_o who_o through_o fear_n or_o hope_v of_o any_o temporal_a loss_n or_o gain_n may_v be_v induce_v to_o swear_v will_v hardly_o if_o the_o like_a fear_n or_o hope_v dissuade_v be_v induce_v to_o perform_v his_o oath_n and_o yet_o heathen_n themselves_o have_v number_v perjury_n among_o the_o most_o heinous_a crime_n which_o kindle_v the_o anger_n of_o the_o immortal_a god_n not_o against_o the_o guilty_a only_o and_o their_o posterity_n but_o even_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o whole_a nation_n how_o much_o more_o ought_v we_o acknowledge_v the_o only_a true_a god_n who_o have_v solemn_o profess_v that_o he_o will_v not_o hold_v he_o guiltless_a that_o take_v his_o name_n in_o vain_a to_o fear_v and_o tremble_v lest_o while_o we_o behold_v on_o every_o side_n the_o plentiful_a and_o luxurious_a crop_n of_o oath_n and_o perjury_n grow_v already_o ripe_a for_o the_o harvest_n god_n the_o most_o just_a judge_n to_o the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o so_o perfidious_a and_o profane_a a_o generation_n shall_v instant_o thrust_v in_o the_o sharp_a sickle_n of_o his_o judgement_n we_o have_v already_o be_v sensible_a that_o our_o most_o merciful_a father_n be_v provoke_v unto_o wrath_n and_o his_o infinite_a patience_n wound_v and_o as_o i_o may_v say_v overcome_v with_o our_o intolerable_a wickedness_n convert_v into_o fury_n where_o all_o be_v extreme_a it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o say_v for_o what_o particular_a crime_n yet_o certain_o he_o who_o serious_o consider_v how_o far_o we_o have_v be_v since_o god_n have_v smite_v we_o with_o a_o more_o heavy_a hand_n from_o bewail_v those_o most_o grievous_a sin_n of_o oath_n and_o perjury_n nay_o rather_o how_o vast_o they_o be_v increase_v here_o through_o the_o uncontrolled_a and_o unpunished_a licentiousness_n of_o oath_n and_o blasphemy_n there_o through_o the_o foul_a hypocrisy_n of_o perjury_n hide_v under_o the_o specious_a pretence_n of_o religion_n can_v choose_v but_o think_v upon_o those_o word_n of_o the_o prophet_n jeremiah_n through_o oath_n the_o land_n mourn_v wherefore_o man_n father_n and_o brethren_n i_o beseech_v you_o as_o many_o as_o be_v here_o present_a and_o all_o wherever_o they_o be_v who_o wish_v well_o unto_o the_o public_a peace_n of_o this_o church_n and_o kingdom_n or_o to_o the_o private_a of_o their_o own_o soul_n and_o conscience_n that_o we_o take_v most_o diligent_a heed_n lest_o we_o fall_v into_o contempt_n of_o god_n most_o holy_a name_n and_o violation_n of_o our_o own_o faith_n that_o we_o fly_v all_o unnecessary_a oath_n constant_o refuse_v those_o which_o be_v unlawful_o requiâ—ed_v faithful_o perform_v those_o which_o we_o have_v lawful_o take_v as_o far_o as_o be_v in_o our_o power_n courageous_o restrain_v the_o licentiousness_n of_o sin_n in_o oath_n and_o continual_o implore_v our_o great_a and_o good_a god_n that_o he_o will_v give_v we_o be_v teach_v by_o his_o correction_n and_o humble_v under_o his_o most_o powerful_a hand_n heart_n to_o fly_v unto_o his_o mercy_n to_o acknowledge_v his_o justice_n to_o implore_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o remission_n of_o all_o our_o sin_n amendment_n of_o our_o life_n and_o salvation_n of_o our_o soul_n by_o and_o through_o the_o merit_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n to_o who_o with_o the_o father_n and_o the_o holy_a spirit_n three_o person_n and_o one_o god_n be_v the_o kingdom_n the_o power_n and_o the_o glory_n for_o ever_o and_o ever_o amen_n amen_n finis_fw-la a_o exact_a and_o large_a table_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n the_o number_n denote_v the_o page_n abraham_n league_n with_o abimelech_n 163_o accessary_n extinct_a by_o the_o principal_a cease_n 249_o act_n of_o a_o oath_n imply_v reverence_n of_o the_o divine_a name_n 8_o advisement_n to_o be_v take_v before_o one_o swear_v 206_o all_o obligation_n to_o duty_n respect_v duty_n de_fw-fr futuro_fw-la 30_o any_o man_n may_v recede_v from_o his_o own_o right_n 252_o asseveration_n attestation_n and_o oath_n differ_v 164_o assuerusâ—is_n â—is_z oath_n to_o esther_n 96_o b._n bond_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v indispensable_a 234._o 247_o by_o my_o faith_n and_o by_o my_o truth_n be_v oath_n 167._o 175_o c._n child_n oath_n 109_o christ_n general_o forbid_v unnecessary_a oath_n 171_o commutation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v unlawful_a 242._o confirmation_n the_o true_a end_n of_o a_o oath_n 13_o conscience_n to_o be_v prefer_v to_o fear_v of_o punishment_n 27_o cydias_n his_o oath_n 240_o d._n david_n oath_n touch_v nabal_n 19_o debt_n twofold_a 25_o definition_n of_o a_o oath_n dictate_v of_o conscience_n bind_v we_o not_o to_o act_v against_o it_o 84_o difference_n between_o a_o oath_n and_o a_o vow_n 10._o between_o a_o oath_n and_o a_o assertion_n ibid._n in_o doubtful_a matter_n the_o safe_a part_n be_v to_o be_v take_v 53_o doubt_v of_o a_o oath_n 223_o drunken_a man_n oath_n 111._o it_o be_v unfit_a for_o they_o to_o swear_v 112_o duty_n of_o subject_n perpetual_o obligatory_a 246_o e._n efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n twofold_a 105_o egyptian_n oath_n 157._o 170_o enrage_v man_n oath_n 111._o it_o be_v unfit_a for_o they_o to_o swear_v 112_o error_n in_o the_o substance_n make_v the_o oath_n invalid_a 134_o every_o oath_n be_v in_o its_o nature_n bind_v 30_o evil_n can_v receive_v no_o validity_n from_o a_o oath_n 76_o exception_n and_o condition_n to_o be_v prefumed_a in_o oath_n 54_o excessive_a curiosity_n of_o method_n to_o be_v avoid_v 65_o extent_n and_o latitude_n of_o a_o oath_n 215_o f._n faith_n and_o justice_n firm_a bond_n of_o humane_a society_n 14._o final_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n 16._o 218_o first_o and_o second_o intention_n of_o a_o oath_n 216_o force_n of_o word_n 167_o form_n of_o oath_n 149_o form_n of_o word_n 165_o g._n god_n swear_v 21_o god_n chief_o call_v for_o a_o witness_n in_o all_o oath_n 8._o especial_o in_o true_a and_o formal_a oath_n 9_o god_n be_v invocate_v in_o all_o oath_n 10_o god_n not_o to_o be_v invocate_v as_o witness_v but_o in_o doubt_n worthy_a his_o vindication_n 93_o h._n hannibal_n oath_n 108_o habit_n of_o swear_v 220_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n sâ—earing_v how_o far_o bind_v by_o his_o oath_n 126_o herod_n oath_n 4._o 19_o 97_o he_o that_o swear_v by_o idol_n swear_v by_o they_o he_o think_v to_o be_v go_n 9_o how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o man_n have_v swear_v oâ—â—o_o 163_o i._n jacob_n covenant_n with_o laban_n 163_o jesuit_n defend_v aequivocation_n 194_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o 60._o thing_n may_v be_v impossible_a three_o way_n ibid._n
nor_o too_o large_o to_o be_v interpret_v wherefore_o when_o i_o say_v that_o a_o oath_n be_v stricti_fw-la juris_fw-la i_o be_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o therein_o nevertheless_o as_o in_o every_o oath_n how_o simple_o soever_o take_v and_o free_a from_o exception_n all_o those_o exception_n and_o condition_n both_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v presume_v which_o all_o law_n allow_v unto_o a_o oath_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v bind_v whereof_o these_o that_o follow_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o those_o perhaps_o to_o which_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v reduce_v first_o it_o be_v to_o be_v presume_v if_o god_n permit_v according_a to_o that_o of_o james_n if_o the_o lord_n will_v we_o will_v live_v and_o do_v this_o or_o that_o wherefore_o if_o caius_n swear_v unto_o titius_n that_o he_o will_v be_v at_o london_n the_o five_o of_o january_n and_o pay_v the_o money_n he_o owe_v he_o if_o he_o happen_v at_o that_o time_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o sickness_n or_o be_v rob_v of_o his_o money_n by_o the_o way_n in_o this_o case_n he_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o perjury_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v subordinate_a unto_o divine_a will_n and_o providence_n and_o no_o man_n have_v power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o event_n he_o who_o do_v what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n to_o ward_n the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n have_v fulfil_v his_o oath_n for_o see_v that_o a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o as_o anon_o you_o will_v hear_v every_o oath_n be_v of_o common_a right_n to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o clause_n if_o it_o please_v god_n or_o the_o like_a the_o second_o thing_n to_o be_v presume_v be_v as_o far_o as_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n oblige_v not_o as_o if_o a_o mâ—n_z shall_v swear_v indefinite_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o statute_n and_o custom_n of_o a_o corporation_n he_o be_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v to_o observe_v any_o that_o be_v not_o lawful_a and_o honest_a the_o three_o thing_n to_o be_v presume_v be_v a_o salvo_fw-la to_o superior_a power_n wherefore_o if_o a_o son_n swear_v that_o he_o will_v perform_v some_o lawful_a thing_n and_o his_o father_n ignorant_a thereof_o lie_v some_o other_o command_n upon_o he_o which_o hinder_v the_o perâ—_n formance_n of_o his_o oath_n the_o son_n be_v not_o obnoxious_a to_o the_o oath_n because_o by_o divine_a and_o natural_a law_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o obey_v his_o father_n command_n and_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v not_o to_o stir_v from_o home_n if_o he_o be_v summon_v by_o a_o lawful_a judge_n to_o appear_v be_v bind_v to_o go_v notwithstanding_o his_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o one_o man_n act_n ought_v not_o to_o prejudice_v another_o man_n right_a the_o four_o thing_n to_o be_v presume_v be_v rebus_fw-la sic_fw-la stantibus_fw-la that_o be_v if_o thing_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n wherein_o they_o now_o be_v whence_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v to_o restore_v a_o sword_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o a_o mad_a man_n and_o he_o who_o have_v swear_v to_o take_v a_o woman_n to_o wife_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o take_v she_o if_o he_o find_v afterward_o that_o she_o be_v with_o child_n by_o another_o these_o and_o the_o like_a condition_n who_o reason_n be_v clear_a be_v fit_a in_o every_o oath_n to_o be_v presume_v though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o he_o will_v be_v too_o rigid_a a_o interpreter_n who_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o exclude_v any_o of_o they_o but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v admit_v more_o doubtful_a exception_n and_o dissonant_n not_o only_o from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n but_o from_o all_o right_a reason_n and_o not_o approve_v by_o common_a right_n or_o consent_v of_o nation_n very_o he_o shake_v the_o very_a foundation_n lay_v by_o god_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o open_v a_o large_a field_n unto_o all_o kind_n of_o perjury_n by_o his_o rash_a enterprise_n and_o so_o we_o leave_v our_o second_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o strict_a interpretation_n of_o a_o oath_n sect_n xi_o upon_o which_o as_o also_o that_o before_o of_o the_o simplicity_n of_o a_o oath_n i_o think_v good_a more_o large_o to_o insist_v though_o many_o thing_n have_v fall_v into_o my_o meditation_n not_o unworthy_a knowledge_n which_o neverlelesse_a for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o have_v omit_v both_o because_o the_o clear_a interpretation_n of_o they_o seem_v unto_o i_o very_o necessary_a in_o these_o most_o dissolute_a time_n wherein_o man_n general_o play_v with_o oath_n as_o boy_n do_v with_o cockal_n and_o that_o there_o be_v very_o considerable_a use_n of_o these_o two_o hypothesis_n in_o that_o which_o with_o god_n help_n i_o be_o about_o to_o say_v in_o my_o future_a lecture_n the_o rest_n i_o shall_v more_o brief_o dispatch_v the_o three_o hypothesis_n a_o oath_n make_v not_o a_o former_a obligation_n void_a a_o oath_n have_v natural_o its_o obligatory_a power_n but_o constructive_a only_o not_o destructive_a that_o be_v it_o may_v lay_v a_o obligation_n where_o there_o be_v none_o before_o or_o strengthen_v one_o that_o lie_v before_o but_o it_o can_v take_v away_o that_o which_o it_o find_v or_o impose_v another_o which_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o it_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o by_o all_o obligation_n some_o right_n be_v confer_v upon_o another_o for_o whosoever_o be_v oblige_v be_v oblige_v unto_o another_o and_o it_o seem_v most_o unjust_a that_o by_o the_o mere_a act_n of_o one_o the_o right_a of_o another_o without_o his_o own_o consent_n shall_v be_v weaken_v nor_o will_v iâ—_n make_v any_o thing_n to_o this_o purpose_n whether_o that_o obligation_n we_o suppose_v be_v natural_a or_o acquisite_a natural_a and_o necessary_a obligation_n be_v that_o whereby_o we_o be_v bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n unto_o another_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o owe_v he_o in_o relation_n to_o our_o person_n which_o as_o i_o observe_v in_o our_o former_a lecture_n some_o call_v obligation_n of_o equity_n because_o it_o original_o derive_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v both_o most_o equal_a and_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o equity_n such_o be_v the_o mutual_a obligation_n between_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n the_o father_n and_o son_n the_o master_n and_o servant_n the_o prince_n and_o his_o subject_n acquisite_a and_o voluntary_a obligation_n which_o be_v also_o call_v civil_a by_o a_o synecdoche_n speciâ—i_fw-la and_o of_o justice_n because_o it_o be_v just_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v unto_o that_o whereunto_o he_o have_v voluntary_o bind_v himself_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o be_v engage_v unto_o the_o performance_n of_o some_o duty_n to_o another_o which_o we_o owe_v he_o by_o agreement_n and_o virtue_n of_o some_o proper_a and_o voluntary_a act_n such_o be_v the_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o promise_n vow_n oath_n league_n and_o other_o humane_a contract_n and_o convention_n if_o therefore_o a_o oath_n be_v offer_v unto_o any_o man_n contain_v any_o thing_n repugnant_a unto_o a_o former_a obligation_n whether_o natural_a or_o acquisite_a aâ—_n if_o it_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o the_o obedience_n due_a unto_o a_o parent_n or_o the_o prince_n or_o if_o it_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o that_o which_o be_v lawful_o swear_v or_o promise_v before_o such_o a_o oath_n no_o man_n can_v take_v or_o take_v fulfil_v with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n who_o do_v either_o of_o these_o be_v perjure_v sect_n xii_o the_o four_o hypothesis_n follow_v which_o be_v so_o evident_a of_o itself_o that_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o need_v no_o proof_n a_o impossible_a thing_n oblige_v not_o and_o this_o be_v extend_v unto_o all_o kind_n of_o impossibility_n which_o may_v happen_v in_o matter_n of_o law_n now_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v impossible_a either_o per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la perseus_n three_o way_n first_o by_o a_o natural_a impossibility_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o fly_v a_o fish_n to_o speak_v second_o by_o a_o impossibility_n of_o fact_n as_o for_o caius_n stay_v this_o day_n at_o london_n to_o meet_v titius_n tomorrow_o at_o venice_n three_o by_o a_o impossibility_n of_o law_n as_o it_o be_v say_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o do_v that_o which_o he_o have_v no_o legal_a power_n to_o do_v in_o which_o sense_n that_o ordinary_a speech_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v id_fw-la tantum_fw-la possumus_fw-la quod_fw-la jure_fw-la possumus_fw-la thus_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o mayor_n of_o this_o city_n to_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v swear_v a_o impossibility_n of_o any_o of_o these_o three_o kind_n his_o oath_n be_v vain_a and_o from_o the_o begin_n null_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v he_o to_o endeavour_v that_o which_o he_o swear_v
as_o execute_v any_o office_n function_n or_o particular_a call_v as_o we_o usual_o term_v it_o though_o perhaps_o improper_o that_o state_n or_o condition_n of_o life_n wherein_o a_o man_n be_v place_v to_o do_v any_o thing_n incongruous_a with_o the_o nature_n or_o rule_n of_o that_o function_n or_o call_n for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v lawful_a to_o a_o civil_a magistrate_n which_o be_v not_o to_o a_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o may_v be_v lawful_a to_o the_o merchant_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o husbandman_n that_o to_o the_o master_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o servant_n that_o to_o the_o marry_a man_n which_o be_v not_o to_o the_o bachelor_n and_o the_o like_a god_n have_v general_o give_v they_o this_o law_n that_o every_o of_o they_o faithful_o perform_v the_o duty_n of_o his_o call_n and_o modest_o contain_v himself_o within_o the_o bound_n thereof_o if_o therefore_o a_o english_a merchant_n shall_v swear_v to_o send_v wool_n to_o hamburgh_n or_o any_o other_o merchandise_n prohibit_v by_o law_n to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o this_o realm_n or_o if_o any_o magistrate_n shall_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v not_o punish_v theft_n or_o adultery_n or_o a_o bishop_n or_o presbyter_n nâ—ver_o to_o preach_v nor_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n or_o a_o hiâ—de_v not_o to_o obey_v his_o master_n command_v he_o to_o yoke_v his_o ox_n or_o reap_v his_o corn_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v repugnant_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o râ—st_n unto_o the_o condition_n of_o prope_a vocation_n all_o these_o oath_n will_v be_v of_o a_o thing_n in_o that_o degree_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v unlawful_a and_o the_o oath_n themselves_o for_o that_o reason_n unlawful_a and_o will_v not_o ordinary_o oblige_v i_o say_v not_o ordinary_o because_o there_o may_v perhaps_o be_v case_n in_o which_o a_o oath_n that_o seem_v repugnant_a unto_o some_o law_n of_o community_n or_o vocation_n though_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v may_v nevertheless_o be_v once_o take_v become_v obligatory_a for_o example_n in_o the_o penal_a law_n disjunctive_a suppose_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n no_o citizen_n thereunto_o elect_v shall_v refuse_v the_o office_n of_o praetor_n if_o he_o do_v he_o shall_v be_v fine_v a_o huâ—dred_o crown_n caius_z a_o citizen_n think_v himself_o unfit_a to_o bear_v office_n or_o to_o avoid_v some_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v happen_v unto_o he_o from_o thence_o swear_v that_o he_o will_v never_o be_v praetor_n of_o the_o city_n he_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o citizen_n he_o excuse_v himself_o by_o his_o oath_n they_o regard_v not_o his_o oath_n but_o urge_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o magistracy_n what_o be_v the_o law_n in_o this_o case_n at_o the_o bar_n of_o conscience_n i_o answer_v he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v swear_v especial_o not_o compel_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n for_o he_o may_v have_v refuse_v though_o he_o have_v not_o swear_v nevertheless_o have_v swear_v he_o seem_v to_o be_v oblige_v and_o not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n without_o perjury_n to_o comply_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o be_v bind_v therefore_o to_o pay_v the_o fine_a and_o to_o refuse_v the_o praetorship_n i_o will_v be_v understand_v precise_o in_o respect_n unto_o the_o point_n to_o which_o i_o now_o speak_v viz._n the_o matter_n of_o the_o oath_n and_o also_o precise_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o repugnant_n thereof_o unto_o the_o law_n of_o the_o city_n for_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o end_n or_o cause_n nay_o even_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o matter_n itself_o as_o it_o be_v a_o hindrance_n of_o a_o great_a public_a good_n or_o for_o some_o other_o consideration_n there_o may_v be_v just_a reason_n in_o it_o to_o make_v the_o obligation_n void_a nevertheless_o ordinary_o as_o i_o have_v say_v a_o oath_n make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o a_o whole_a community_n or_o of_o a_o particular_a vocation_n oblige_v not_o and_o thus_o much_o be_v say_v of_o the_o thing_n in_o themselves_o unlawful_a sect_n x._o the_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unlawful_a ex_fw-la se_fw-la yet_o be_v unlawful_a ex_fw-la accident_n follow_v now_o a_o lawful_a thing_n happen_v to_o become_v unlawful_a either_o by_o the_o error_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v or_o by_o some_o ill_a effect_n of_o the_o thing_n swear_v wherefore_o the_o three_o case_n be_v where_o a_o man_n promise_v by_o oath_n performance_n of_o a_o thing_n perhaps_o lawful_a in_o itself_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v unlawful_a or_o fear_v not_o to_o be_v lawful_a as_o if_o a_o man_n before_o these_o time_n upon_o his_o admission_n to_o a_o benefice_n as_o they_o call_v it_o ecclesiastical_a shall_v have_v promise_v to_o observe_v all_o the_o rite_n command_v by_o ecclesiastical_a law_n in_o public_a service_n as_o the_o surplice_n sign_n of_o the_o cross_n at_o the_o font_n kneel_v at_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o lord_n supper_n and_o the_o like_a which_o he_o nevertheless_o through_o some_o light_a prejudice_n think_v to_o be_v superstitious_a and_o papistical_a what_o be_v the_o obligation_n in_o this_o case_n i_o give_v you_o three_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o answer_n first_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n during_o such_o a_o error_n can_v be_v take_v without_o great_a sin_n for_o he_o sin_v grievous_o who_o sin_v against_o his_o conscience_n though_o erroneous_a the_o judgement_n of_o the_o understanding_n be_v unto_o every_o man_n the_o first_o rule_n of_o work_v if_o the_o will_v follow_v not_o that_o judgement_n swerve_v from_o the_o rule_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v carry_v into_o obliquity_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n he_o who_o go_v against_o his_o own_o conscience_n be_v on_o his_o way_n to_o hell_n certain_o he_o who_o swear_v unto_o that_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v unlawful_a have_v swear_v unto_o it_o though_o it_o have_v be_v real_o unlawful_a and_o so_o the_o thing_n though_o lawful_a to_o another_o be_v as_o to_o he_o unlawful_a it_o be_v the_o apostle_n sentence_n rom._n 14._o 14._o where_o he_o distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v unclean_a of_o itself_o and_o that_o which_o be_v unclean_a to_o another_o plain_o teach_v that_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o unclean_a nor_o unlawful_a of_o itself_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v unclean_a and_o unlawful_a unto_o he_o who_o esteem_v it_o to_o be_v unclean_a or_o unlawful_a second_o i_o say_v that_o such_o a_o oath_n oblige_v not_o the_o reason_n be_v manifest_a by_o the_o three_o hypothesis_n for_o a_o oath_n can_v take_v away_o a_o former_a obligation_n nor_o introduce_v a_o obligation_n contrary_a unto_o it_o but_o the_o oath_n which_o be_v take_v against_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n be_v precede_v by_o another_o former_a obligation_n arise_v from_o that_o dictate_v for_o the_o dictate_v of_o conscience_n whether_o right_a or_o erroneous_a ever_o bind_v at_o the_o least_o not_o to_o act_v against_o it_o now_o a_o subsequent_a oath_n can_v remove_v this_o obligation_n but_o become_v rather_o invalid_a itself_o and_o lose_v all_o strength_n and_o vigour_n three_o i_o say_v if_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v afterward_o better_o inform_v acknowledge_v and_o correct_v his_o error_n the_o oath_n which_o at_o first_o oblige_v not_o begin_v from_o thence_o forth_o to_o oblige_v for_o the_o power_n of_o obligation_n be_v as_o it_o be_v natural_o and_o inseparable_o in_o a_o oath_n as_o the_o power_n of_o move_v downward_o be_v natural_o and_o inseparable_o in_o a_o stone_n which_o power_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o put_v forth_o itself_o and_o to_o proceed_v unto_o act_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o impediment_n wherefore_o as_o a_o stone_n that_o it_o may_v move_v again_o after_o it_o have_v rest_v a_o while_n need_v not_o any_o other_o new_a power_n to_o be_v derive_v unto_o it_o from_o without_o but_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n the_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v present_o descend_v so_o a_o oath_n that_o obligation_n of_o erroneous_a conscience_n which_o at_o first_o withstand_v its_o operation_n be_v remove_v without_o any_o delay_n or_o need_v of_o other_o help_n be_v of_o its_o own_o force_n obligatory_a sect_n xi_o there_o be_v other_o case_n concern_v thing_n unlawful_a by_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o evil_a effect_n of_o the_o same_o to_o wit_n as_o they_o may_v be_v impeditive_a of_o good_a or_o causative_a or_o at_o the_o least_o for_o we_o must_v use_v such_o word_n occasionative_n of_o evil_a a_o good_a thing_n impede_v may_v be_v antecedent_n or_o future_a the_o four_o case_n therefore_o be_v where_o the_o thing_n swear_v seem_v to_o be_v unlawful_a in_o that_o it_o hinder_v the_o performance_n of_o some_o antecedent_n good_a of_o a_o vow_n imagine_v or_o of_o a_o promise_n first_o make_v as_o iâ—_n he_o who_o have_v first_o
among_o we_o the_o oath_n of_o homage_n of_o royal_a supremacy_n and_o the_o like_a no_o man_n deny_v these_o oath_n either_o to_o be_v lawful_a or_o obligatory_a but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o frequent_a incertainty_n of_o the_o law_n whereunto_o they_o relate_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v how_o far_o they_o oblige_v doubtless_o the_o subject_a to_o his_o power_n be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v all_o right_n which_o appear_v either_o by_o law_n or_o custom_n legitimate_a whether_o define_v by_o the_o write_a law_n or_o in_o force_n through_o long_a use_n of_o time_n or_o prescription_n â—â—at_o be_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v know_v or_o may_v moral_o be_v know_v but_o he_o be_v not_o equal_o oblige_v unto_o the_o observation_n of_o all_o those_o which_o be_v controvert_v or_o doubtful_a especial_o since_o powerful_a man_n be_v accustom_v to_o stretch_v their_o teather_n and_o leap_v over_o the_o landmark_n of_o their_o neighbour_n not_o content_v themselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o right_n nevertheless_o a_o subject_n ought_v to_o be_v always_o prepare_v in_o mind_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o justness_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v doubtful_a shall_v appear_v to_o acknowledge_v and_o defend_v they_o sect_n xviii_o the_o last_o case_n be_v where_o a_o oath_n be_v require_v of_o member_n of_o any_o community_n as_o of_o a_o city_n university_n or_o college_n society_n of_o merchant_n or_o handicraft_n man_n to_o observe_v the_o statute_n custom_n and_o liberty_n of_o that_o corporation_n if_o you_o ask_v what_o the_o obligation_n be_v i_o answer_v first_o that_o the_o party_n swear_v be_v oblige_v simple_o unto_o the_o observation_n as_o far_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v of_o all_o fundamental_a statute_n by_o fundamental_a i_o understand_v such_o as_o most_o necessary_o and_o near_o concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o public_a estate_n order_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n or_o community_n but_o second_o not_o that_o always_o and_o necessary_o to_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o lettâ—r_n but_o as_o they_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n and_o receive_v by_o custom_n and_o as_o they_o be_v with_o approbation_n observe_v by_o other_o three_o concern_v the_o lesser_a statute_n appeartain_v only_o unto_o external_a form_n and_o decency_n which_o by_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o form_n of_o the_o sanction_n or_o any_o other_o probable_a conjecture_n a_o discreet_a man_n may_v judge_v not_o to_o have_v be_v frame_v with_o intention_n of_o rigid_a obligation_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v thâ—m_o ordinary_o yet_o so_o as_o without_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n he_o may_v sometime_o have_v just_a cause_n for_o it_o pretermit_v that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v to_o be_v do_v by_o some_o statute_n provide_v it_o be_v without_o scandal_n or_o contempt_n four_o the_o obligation_n be_v extend_v unto_o statute_n to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o future_a provide_v they_o be_v possible_a just_a and_o honest_a five_o if_o any_o statute_n after_o the_o oath_n takâ—n_v be_v abrogated_a or_o grow_v out_o of_o use_n the_o obligation_n of_o the_o oath_n as_o to_o the_o statute_n cease_v and_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v any_o long_a to_o observe_v it_o unless_o he_o have_v swear_v in_o express_a word_n unto_o the_o matter_n itself_o decree_v by_o that_o statute_n for_o in_o that_o case_n though_o the_o statute_n be_v take_v away_o the_o obligation_n remain_v six_o see_v statute_n of_o corporation_n be_v very_o many_o and_o many_o of_o they_o unknown_a to_o many_o and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o difficult_a nay_o scarce_o possible_a to_o observe_v they_o all_o exact_o and_o to_o a_o hair_n he_o who_o shall_v behave_v himself_o so_o honest_o that_o willing_o he_o omit_v nothing_o appertain_v to_o his_o duty_n and_o be_v moral_o diligent_a to_o attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o those_o statute_n which_o tend_v thereunto_o and_o resolve_v faithful_o and_o without_o scandal_n to_o be_v serviceable_a unto_o the_o estate_n honour_n and_o peace_n of_o his_o community_n as_o far_o as_o humane_a frailty_n will_v permit_v perform_v doubtless_o with_o a_o very_a good_a conscience_n his_o faith_n give_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o just_a and_o honest_a discharge_v the_o duty_n whereunto_o he_o oblige_v himself_o and_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o public_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n sect_n xix_o and_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o first_o classis_fw-la of_o case_n but_o leave_v it_o be_v think_v my_o intention_n to_o permit_v too_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o oath_n because_o i_o have_v so_o often_o say_v that_o this_o or_o that_o kind_n of_o oath_n be_v not_o unlawful_a i_o think_v fit_a mature_o to_o advertise_v you_o that_o i_o have_v say_v nothing_o this_o day_n nor_o shall_v hereafter_o that_o may_v give_v any_o man_n reason_n to_o believe_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o swear_v at_o his_o pleasure_n it_o be_v well_o know_v unto_o i_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n not_o without_o great_a necessity_n and_o then_o seldom_o and_o with_o much_o reverence_n to_o be_v use_v but_o my_o meaning_n throughout_o be_v that_o a_o oath_n upon_o this_o or_o that_o occasion_n be_v not_o simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a for_o example_n when_o i_o say_v on_o oath_n impeditive_a of_o a_o great_a good_a be_v not_o unlawful_a or_o a_o oath_n of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n be_v not_o unlawful_a my_o sense_n be_v that_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v conclude_v simple_o and_o general_o unlawful_a so_o it_o have_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o due_a condition_n only_a because_o it_o be_v impeditive_a of_o a_o great_a good_a or_o only_o because_o it_o be_v of_o a_o indifferent_a thing_n or_o which_o come_v all_o to_o one_o that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o those_o consideration_n any_o such_o impediment_n but_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o necessary_a and_o in_o all_o other_o respect_v due_o qualify_v the_o four_o lecture_n contain_v seventeen_o case_n summary_n 1._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v handle_v propose_v 2._o oath_n of_o child_n 3._o oath_n of_o mad_a man_n and_o fool_n 4._o oath_n of_o man_n drink_v and_o enrage_v 5_o 6._o oath_n of_o one_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o 7._o the_o authority_n of_o he_o who_o give_v a_o oath_n 8._o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o enemy_n heretic_n perjure_a person_n 9_o whether_o a_o oath_n oblige_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v and_o how_o far_o 10._o oath_n to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o heir_n or_o successor_n 11._o voluntary_a oath_n 12._o oath_n obtain_v by_o fraud_n 13._o oath_n take_v through_o some_o light_a fear_n 14._o oath_n extort_a by_o force_n or_o fear_n 15._o money_o promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n ought_v to_o be_v pay_v 16._o solution_n of_o objection_n 17._o whether_o silence_n promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v sect_n i._o the_o principal_a difficulty_n appertain_v proper_o unto_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v finish_v in_o the_o forego_n lecture_n we_o proceed_v unto_o the_o solution_n of_o those_o doubt_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v as_o to_o our_o purpose_n twofold_a the_o agent_n to_o which_o effect_n proper_o belong_v and_o the_o impulsive_a cause_n again_o the_o agent_n be_v either_o principal_a or_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o effect_n for_o as_o two_o person_n at_o the_o least_o to_o wit_n the_o person_n swear_v who_o engage_v his_o faith_n and_o the_o deferent_a as_o they_o speak_v who_o follow_v cicero_n or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o engagement_n be_v make_v must_v as_o term_n of_o this_o relation_n concur_v in_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o oath_n so_o each_o have_v his_o part_n in_o the_o work_n the_o first_o and_o especial_a belong_v to_o the_o person_n swear_v the_o second_o to_o the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v in_o both_o agent_n the_o condition_n or_o aptitude_n of_o the_o person_n be_v first_o to_o be_v consider_v next_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o obligation_n wherefore_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o efficient_a cause_n such_o doubt_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o arise_v from_o the_o defect_n of_o some_o condition_n requisite_a on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o principal_a agent_n to_o qualify_v he_o for_o a_o oath_n and_o two_o thing_n especial_o be_v requisite_a unto_o such_o a_o qualification_n rational_a judgement_n and_o lawful_a power_n for_o a_o oath_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v with_o a_o mind_n both_o deliberate_a and_o resolve_v to_o perform_v the_o promise_n but_o he_o who_o be_v not_o endue_v with_o rational_a judgement_n can_v neither_o be_v
the_o performance_n of_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v it_o be_v also_o require_v that_o the_o same_o be_v speedy_o do_v vers_fw-la 6_o 8_o 9_o 13_o 15._o upon_o the_o day_n that_o he_o hear_v it_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v if_o he_o conceal_v his_o dissent_n but_o a_o day_n he_o have_v establish_v the_o vow_n for_o ever_o for_o he_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v willing_a who_o slow_o express_v himself_o to_o be_v unwilling_a sect_n vii_o have_v consider_v the_o party_n swear_v the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o be_v consider_v and_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o three_o doubt_n wherein_o two_o case_n occur_v one_o respect_v his_o authority_n the_o other_o his_o faith_n the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o we_o make_v a_o question_n of_o his_o authority_n who_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o we_o for_o if_o he_o be_v a_o legitimate_a superior_a and_o so_o acknowledge_v by_o we_o nor_o require_v other_o oath_n of_o we_o than_o what_o be_v decree_v by_o the_o law_n and_o confirm_v by_o daily_a and_o approve_a custom_n no_o man_n doubt_v but_o such_o a_o oath_n may_v both_o lawful_o be_v take_v and_o ought_v faithful_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o where_o he_o who_o require_v the_o oath_n seem_v to_o have_v no_o right_a so_o to_o do_v but_o to_o usurp_v a_o power_n which_o belong_v not_o unto_o he_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o tâ—ke_v a_o oath_n by_o he_o so_o offer_v and_o if_o we_o take_v it_o whether_o and_o how_o far_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o it_o first_o i_o say_v that_o a_o pious_a and_o constant_a man_n ought_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v to_o decline_v all_o oath_n impose_v by_o such_o as_o have_v no_o lawful_a authority_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n to_o compel_v those_o upon_o who_o they_o exercise_v tyranny_n unto_o unjust_a promise_n but_o also_o because_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o defend_v his_o right_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o utmost_a and_o not_o tame_o to_o thrust_v himself_o into_o the_o yoke_n of_o another_o tyranny_n but_o second_o if_o beside_o command_v such_o force_n be_v use_v as_o he_o can_v resist_v and_o there_o be_v no_o refuse_v with_o out_o extreme_a danger_n to_o avoid_v i_o say_v the_o certain_a consequence_n of_o a_o very_a great_a inconvenience_n a_o pious_a man_n but_o sad_o heavy_o and_o with_o some_o expression_n of_o reluctancy_n may_v take_v such_o a_o oath_n provide_v the_o word_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o seldom_o happen_v upon_o this_o occasion_n contain_n nothing_o unlawful_a in_o itself_o contrary_a to_o know_a law_n or_o derogatory_n from_o the_o right_n of_o any_o three_o person_n otherwise_o he_o ought_v to_o refuse_v it_o even_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n and_o to_o endure_v the_o utmost_a rather_o thâ—n_v oblige_v himself_o in_o a_o unlawful_a bond_n three_o he_o who_o have_v tâ—ken_v a_o oath_n give_v by_o a_o person_n who_o have_v no_o lawful_a authority_n but_o in_o all_o other_o respect_v lawful_a be_v many_o way_n bind_v unto_o the_o performance_n thereof_o sect_n viii_o the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v make_v be_v a_o infidel_n heretic_n or_o one_o who_o have_v former_o break_v his_o faith_n first_o i_o say_v it_o be_v lawful_a to_o swear_v unto_o a_o infidel_n heretic_n or_o perjure_a person_n it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o patriarch_n isaac_n and_o jacob_n also_o by_o joshua_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n these_o make_v league_n with_o stranger_n and_o infidel_n and_o on_o both_o side_n confirm_v their_o mutual_a faith_n by_o solemn_a oath_n second_o i_o say_v that_o faith_n give_v unto_o such_o be_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v keep_v we_o use_v to_o object_v unto_o papist_n that_o they_o hold_v faith_n not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o heretic_n wherein_o the_o jesuit_n of_o this_o age_n exclaim_v that_o great_a injury_n be_v do_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v ashamed_a forsooth_o in_o so_o clear_a light_n open_o to_o profess_v a_o doctrine_n so_o wide_o of_o all_o right_a reason_n and_o pernicious_a to_o humane_a society_n but_o our_o man_n have_v prove_v even_o by_o show_v the_o place_n that_o some_o of_o their_o doctor_n have_v defend_v that_o conclusion_n who_o book_n be_v neither_o prohibit_v nor_o expurgate_v but_o let_v they_o all_o deny_v it_o in_o word_n this_o at_o least_o be_v apparent_a if_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o their_o opinion_n either_o by_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o doctrine_n or_o by_o their_o action_n and_o reason_n of_o those_o action_n as_o their_o own_o historian_n of_o most_o unsuspected_a faith_n have_v relate_v they_o there_o be_v no_o such_o cause_n why_o they_o shall_v so_o confident_o exclaim_v that_o we_o have_v slander_v they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n while_o they_o will_v shift_v of_o this_o opinion_n they_o tacit_o acknowledge_v it_o either_o false_a or_o impious_a the_o prophet_n sometime_o reprove_v the_o king_n off_o judah_n especial_o eze_v k17_n almost_o throughout_o the_o chapter_n that_o they_o keep_v not_o their_o faith_n swear_v unto_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n the_o place_n be_v remarkable_a and_o by_o chrysostâ—me_n large_o and_o elegant_o explain_v nay_o in_o this_o kind_n the_o faith_n of_o reguluâ—_n and_o other_o be_v renown_v in_o heathen_a story_n who_o make_v good_a what_o they_o have_v swear_v even_o unto_o enemy_n and_o carthaginian_n he_o most_o perfidious_a nation_n though_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o their_o life_n silius_n adorn_v regulus_n with_o this_o commendation_n call_v unto_o he_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o apostrophe_n their_o fame_n to_o late_a posterity_n shall_v sound_v faithful_a to_o faithless_a carthaginian_n find_v but_o you_o will_v object_v perhaps_o those_o vulgar_a say_n to_o deceive_v a_o deceiver_n be_v no_o deceit_n and_o cum_fw-la cretensibus_fw-la cretizandum_fw-la to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v those_o which_o grotius_n use_v on_o the_o speech_n of_o brutus_n in_o appian_n roman_n knâ—w_v no_o faith_n nor_o religion_n of_o a_o oath_n to_o a_o tyrant_n the_o other_o out_o of_o the_o old_a tragedian_n where_o one_o say_v thou_o have_v break_v thy_o faith_n the_o other_o reply_v which_o i_o neither_o give_v nor_o give_v unto_o any_o faithless_a person_n i_o answer_v that_o these_o take_v from_o common_a practice_n rather_o show_v what_o use_v vulgar_o to_o be_v do_v then_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v or_o if_o you_o admit_v they_o for_o truth_n that_o they_o be_v only_o approvable_a in_o such_o case_n where_o the_o oath_n be_v take_v upon_o condition_n either_o express_v as_o thus_o i_o swear_v to_o give_v you_o a_o hundred_o crown_n if_o within_o a_o month_n you_o redeem_v your_o land_n which_o i_o have_v in_o mortgage_n or_o at_o the_o least_o tacit_a as_o when_o two_o oblige_v themselves_o by_o mutual_a oath_n to_o fulfil_v mutual_a promise_n with_o mutual_a respect_n for_o example_n if_o chremes_n the_o master_n swear_v unto_o his_o servant_n sosia_n to_o give_v he_o annual_o ten_o crown_n and_o sosia_n likewise_o swear_v unto_o cherme_n to_o serve_v he_o eight_o year_n he_o of_o the_o two_o who_o first_o violate_v his_o faith_n present_o absolve_v the_o other_o from_o the_o bond_n of_o his_o oath_n but_o if_o two_o oblige_v themselves_o mutual_o in_o promise_n of_o different_a kind_n or_o not_o at_o the_o same_o time_n or_o otherwise_o without_o mutual_a respect_n faith_n violate_v by_o the_o one_o absolve_v not_o the_o other_o obligation_n but_o each_o be_v bind_v to_o stand_v unto_o his_o oath_n though_o the_o other_o have_v not_o perform_v his_o part_n for_o example_n a_o king_n simple_o and_o without_o respect_n unto_o the_o allegiance_n of_o his_o subject_n swear_v to_o administer_v his_o government_n righteous_o and_o according_a to_o law_n the_o subject_n at_o another_o time_n simple_o and_o without_o respect_n unto_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o prince_n swear_v allegiance_n and_o due_a obedience_n unto_o he_o they_o be_v both_o bind_v faithful_o to_o perform_v their_o several_a duty_n nor_o will_v the_o king_n be_v absolve_v from_o his_o oath_n though_o subject_n shall_v not_o perform_v their_o due_a obedience_n nor_o subject_n from_o they_o though_o the_o king_n shall_v turn_v from_o the_o path_n of_o justice_n sect_n ix_o hitherto_o of_o the_o condition_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n to_o wit_n the_o party_n swear_v as_o principal_n and_o of_o the_o deferent_a or_o person_n to_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v as_o less_o principal_a the_o four_o doubt_n follow_v concern_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o both_o the_o person_n wherein_o two_o case_n occur_v the_o first_o concern_v the_o person_n swear_v whether_o and_o how_o far_o the_o oath_n oblige_v his_o heir_n and_o
they_o find_v out_o a_o expedient_a impose_v upon_o they_o the_o condition_n of_o servitude_n in_o the_o vile_a office_n whereby_o the_o gibeonite_n may_v pay_v for_o their_o craft_n be_v keep_v in_o their_o duty_n and_o not_o be_v able_a for_o the_o future_a to_o hurt_v israel_n of_o which_o fact_n say_v ambrose_n joshua_n think_v not_o the_o peace_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o be_v revoke_v because_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n lest_o while_o he_o argue_v other_o perfidious_a he_o shall_v break_v his_o own_o faith_n by_o which_o example_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o oath_n though_o obtain_v by_o deceit_n have_v the_o strength_n of_o obligation_n and_o lest_o that_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o joshua_n and_o the_o prince_n be_v too_o superstitious_a in_o this_o matter_n they_o resist_v not_o only_o the_o people_n who_o think_v the_o gibeonite_n notwithstanding_o the_o oath_n aught_o to_o be_v slay_v render_v this_o reason_n of_o their_o advice_n we_o have_v swear_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o lord_n god_n of_o israel_n now_o therefore_o we_o may_v not_o touch_v they_o but_o god_n so_o approve_v afterward_o of_o the_o thing_n by_o a_o double_a sign_n one_o when_o he_o bestow_v upon_o joshua_n fight_v for_o the_o gibeonite_n against_o the_o king_n who_o have_v make_v a_o confederacy_n for_o their_o destruction_n a_o remarkable_a victory_n accompany_v with_o a_o illustrious_a miracle_n the_o other_o when_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o king_n saul_n unjust_a violation_n of_o the_o league_n make_v with_o the_o gibeonite_n be_v punish_v with_o three_o year_n famine_n and_o at_o the_o length_n expiate_v with_o the_o death_n of_o seven_o of_o his_o son_n by_o god_n express_a command_n public_o hang_v sect_n xiii_o nevertheless_o this_o case_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o distinction_n for_o the_o error_n whereinto_o the_o person_n swear_v be_v lead_v by_o the_o deceit_n of_o another_o if_o it_o be_v about_o a_o circumstance_n only_o or_o about_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v extrinsic_a and_o accidental_a take_v not_o away_o the_o obligation_n as_o appear_v but_o now_o in_o the_o error_n of_o the_o israelite_n concern_v the_o gibeonite_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v in_o case_n caius_n shall_v swear_v to_o take_v the_o widow_n of_o titius_n to_o wife_n believe_v she_o though_o poor_a to_o be_v rich_a he_o must_v take_v she_o this_o error_n render_v not_o his_o oath_n invalid_a and_o the_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o outhe_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n but_o iâ—_n the_o error_n be_v about_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o its_o proper_a cause_n as_o if_o caius_n shall_v swear_v to_o marry_v this_o particular_a woman_n under_o the_o name_n of_o titia_n believe_v she_o to_o be_v titia_n though_o she_o be_v not_o &_o afterward_o shall_v find_v his_o error_n he_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o oath_n for_o a_o error_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o the_o oath_n render_v the_o promise_n invalid_a and_o obligation_n void_a sect_n fourteen_o the_o six_o and_o last_o doubt_n be_v of_o force_n or_o of_o a_o oath_n extort_a by_o fear_n against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n swear_v in_o such_o manner_n as_o if_o the_o fear_n be_v not_o he_o will_v not_o swear_v and_o true_o this_o be_v a_o difficult_a and_o intricate_a question_n nevertheless_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v it_o with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o perspicuity_n as_o i_o can_v the_o first_o case_n be_v where_o the_o fear_n be_v slight_a and_o such_o as_o can_v easy_o affect_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o if_o through_o the_o fear_n of_o unjust_a censure_n or_o of_o derision_n or_o displeasure_n of_o some_o powerful_a person_n a_o man_n shall_v promise_v by_o oath_n the_o performance_n of_o something_o which_o will_v be_v inconvenient_a for_o he_o and_o such_o as_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o fear_n he_o will_v neither_o do_v nor_o promise_n in_o answer_n i_o must_v first_o repeat_v which_o in_o the_o whole_a matter_n of_o oath_n be_v most_o religious_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o be_v swear_v which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n against_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o christian_a against_o a_o virtuous_a life_n against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n against_o a_o former_a obligation_n or_o in_o any_o other_o respect_n unlawful_a such_o a_o oath_n ought_v not_o through_o any_o hope_n of_o profit_n or_o fear_v of_o danger_n to_o be_v either_o take_v or_o perform_v this_o presume_v i_o say_v that_o a_o slight_a and_o empty_a fear_n ought_v to_o be_v contemn_v by_o a_o valiant_a man_n that_o be_v by_o a_o honest_a for_o he_o can_v be_v honest_a who_o be_v not_o valiant_a and_o every_o oath_n of_o this_o kind_n to_o be_v constant_o and_o bold_o refuse_v the_o righteous_a be_v bold_a as_o a_o lion_n pâ—ov_n 26._o 1._o of_o which_o fortitude_n he_o who_o be_v destitute_a can_v hardly_o do_v any_o thing_n worthy_a of_o a_o good_a man_n for_o he_o that_o observe_v the_o wind_n shall_v not_o sow_v and_o he_o that_o regard_v the_o cloud_n shall_v not_o reap_v say_v solomon_n eccles._n 11._o 4._o nâ—y_o it_o can_v hardly_o come_v to_o pass_v but_o he_o shall_v do_v many_o thing_n unbeseeming_a a_o good_a man_n for_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o solomon_n prov._n 29._o 25._o the_o fear_n of_o man_n bring_v a_o sâ—are_n but_o if_o any_o man_n be_v oversee_v through_o want_n of_o courage_n have_v suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v ensnare_v he_o have_v bind_v his_o soul_n with_o a_o bond_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o perform_v what_o he_o promise_v sâ—ct_n xv._n the_o second_o case_n be_v where_o fear_n be_v great_a and_o just_a and_o such_o as_o may_v affect_v a_o constant_a man_n as_o the_o fear_n of_o captivity_n loss_n of_o all_o his_o good_n of_o infamy_n torture_n and_o which_o be_v the_o king_n of_o fear_n of_o death_n itself_o i_o say_v first_o as_o before_z if_o the_o oath_n contain_v any_o unlawful_a thing_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v by_o any_o honest_a man_n though_o to_o save_v his_o life_n nor_o take_v can_v be_v observe_v without_o sin_n harken_v oh_o you_o christian_n unto_o the_o golden_a speech_n of_o a_o heathen_a the_o man_n who_o be_v just_a and_o steady_a to_o ode_n himself_o arm_a tumult_n can_v bow_v nor_o awe_v by_o the_o tyrant_n look_v be_v from_o his_o stable_a purpose_n shake_v second_o i_o say_v if_o a_o matter_n be_v extort_a by_o force_n or_o prevalent_a fear_n which_o be_v neither_o unlawful_a nor_o injurious_a to_o any_o man_n but_o more_o or_o less_o inconvenient_a only_o unto_o the_o party_n swear_v as_o if_o a_o traveller_n fall_v among_o thief_n who_o with_o their_o sword_n at_o his_o breast_n shall_v threaten_v he_o death_n unless_o he_o swear_v unto_o they_o to_o ransom_n his_o life_n with_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n the_o party_n may_v in_o this_o case_n lawful_o promise_v the_o money_n and_o ratify_v the_o promise_n with_o a_o oath_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o of_o two_o ill_n propose_v a_o man_n may_v and_o a_o wise_a man_n ought_v to_o use_v the_o less_o and_o the_o loss_n of_o money_n be_v a_o less_o ill_a than_o the_o loss_n of_o life_n three_o i_o say_v that_o this_o oath_n oblige_v and_o that_o the_o money_n promise_v unto_o the_o thief_n be_v in_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v pay_v which_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v say_v sufficient_o manifest_a yet_o because_o this_o assertion_n have_v considerable_a adversary_n and_o among_o they_o cicero_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a judgement_n and_o as_o right_o principled_a in_o all_o that_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n this_o one_o thing_n except_v as_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o gentile_a it_o will_v not_o be_v wide_a of_o our_o purpose_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n with_o some_o reason_n first_o therefore_o he_o who_o swear_v a_o lawful_a and_o possible_a thing_n be_v bind_v to_o perform_v it_o but_o to_o pay_v money_n promise_v unto_o a_o thief_n be_v neither_o unlawful_a nor_o impossible_a therefore_o he_o be_v bouâ—d_v second_o he_o choose_v that_o which_o then_o seem_v unto_o he_o best_o and_o which_o if_o one_o of_o the_o two_o be_v now_o necessary_o to_o be_v take_v by_o he_o he_o will_v choose_v again_o wherefore_o it_o seem_v that_o what_o be_v prudent_o choose_v can_v honest_o be_v refuse_v three_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v to_o a_o certain_a end_n aught_o by_o the_o party_n promise_v to_o be_v perform_v when_o he_o have_v obtain_v his_o end_n because_o every_o contract_n upon_o condition_n that_o condition_n be_v perform_v ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v the_o very_a basis_n whereupon_o the_o obligation_n of_o conditional_a vow_n be_v
real_o be_v take_v away_o by_o dispensation_n of_o the_o superior_a but_o that_o it_o must_v not_o therefore_o be_v say_v that_o the_o superior_a dispense_v with_o divine_a and_o natural_a law_n because_o say_v they_o that_o divine_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o a_o oath_n so_o long_o as_o the_o strength_n and_o obligation_n thereof_o remain_v shall_v be_v keep_v and_o with_o this_o law_n the_o superior_a dispense_v not_o but_o by_o his_o dispensation_n take_v away_o that_o strength_n of_o the_o oath_n whereby_o it_o oblige_v the_o party_n swear_v before_o the_o dispensation_n but_o this_o subtlety_n open_v unto_o the_o quick_a will_v be_v find_v a_o mere_a trifle_n which_o avail_v nothing_o or_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n and_o be_v refute_v by_o the_o jesuit_n achorius_fw-la though_o sayrus_n the_o monk_n be_v about_o his_o ear_n for_o it_o so_o while_o these_o cadmean_a brethren_n dispatch_v each_o other_o by_o mutual_a blow_n nor_o can_v find_v any_o reason_n whereby_o to_o arm_v themselves_o in_o proof_n they_o real_o confess_v that_o the_o cause_n which_o they_o have_v undertake_v can_v be_v defend_v wherefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o neither_o pope_n nor_o prince_n nor_o synod_n nor_o senate_n nor_o ecclesiastical_a nor_o secular_a superior_a have_v any_o right_a to_o dispense_v with_o league_n contract_n oath_n or_o to_o absolve_v any_o man_n from_o that_o bond_n wherein_o before_o the_o dispensation_n grant_v he_o be_v engage_v sect_n v._o with_o this_o first_o of_o dispensation_n the_o next_o question_n or_o the_o second_o case_n of_o commutation_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v ally_v now_o commutation_n as_o the_o word_n express_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o translation_n of_o the_o obligation_n from_o one_o matter_n to_o another_o which_o whether_o great_a less_o or_o equivalent_a seem_v in_o some_o respect_n to_o be_v more_o convenient_a and_o commutation_n differ_v from_o dispensation_n as_o a_o species_n from_o the_o genus_fw-la or_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a for_o if_o a_o bond_n can_v be_v loose_v either_o by_o the_o one_o or_o other_o it_o will_v be_v whole_o unbound_v by_o dispensation_n by_o commutation_n in_o part_n only_o the_o doctrine_n of_o cafuist_n concern_v commutation_n amount_v to_o this_o sum_n first_o that_o a_o private_a man_n of_o his_o own_o authority_n without_o his_o superior_n dispensation_n may_v commute_v a_o vow_n or_o oath_n into_o that_o which_o be_v evident_o better_a which_o they_o confirm_v by_o god_n example_n who_o do_v not_o always_o fulfil_v his_o temporal_a promise_n to_o the_o letter_n but_o often_o change_v they_o for_o the_o better_a and_o for_o confirmation_n of_o this_o opinion_n they_o bring_v the_o speech_n of_o gregory_n he_o infringe_v not_o his_o promise_n or_o purpose_n who_o change_v it_o for_o the_o better_a second_o that_o promise_n can_v be_v commute_v to_o that_o which_o be_v evident_o worse_a or_o whereof_o question_n may_v be_v make_v whether_o it_o be_v better_a without_o authority_n of_o a_o superior_a qualify_v with_o legitimate_a power_n of_o judge_v and_o determine_v in_o that_o point_n three_o that_o by_o commutation_n preexistent_a obligation_n be_v whole_o take_v off_o from_o the_o former_a matter_n and_o new_a obligation_n bring_v in_o and_o lay_v upon_o a_o different_a matter_n but_o this_o whole_a doctrine_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o false_a foundation_n to_o wit_n dispensability_n of_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v as_o we_o have_v prove_v null_a this_o superstructure_n of_o commutation_n must_v necessary_o fall_v to_o ruin_v wherefore_o brief_o i_o say_v that_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v remit_v or_o lose_v either_o in_o whole_a by_o dispensation_n or_o in_o part_n by_o commutation_n without_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o party_n but_o the_o consent_n of_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o oath_n be_v make_v be_v more_o especial_o require_v because_o such_o right_n be_v acquire_v unto_o he_o as_o without_o his_o own_o consent_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v take_v away_o for_o the_o example_n of_o god_n it_o suit_v not_o because_o his_o promise_n as_o they_o be_v all_o of_o free_a bounty_n so_o the_o temporal_a one_o be_v also_o conditional_a and_o to_o be_v understand_v with_o exception_n of_o the_o cross_n of_o the_o good_a pleasure_n of_o god_n and_o of_o that_o which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v most_o profitable_a for_o we_o neither_o be_v the_o case_n of_o a_o vow_n and_o of_o a_o oath_n altogether_o alike_o in_o respect_n of_o commutation_n for_o in_o a_o vow_n see_v it_o be_v make_v to_o god_n alone_o some_o liberty_n may_v perhaps_o be_v grant_v unto_o the_o person_n vow_v of_o change_v the_o same_o into_o another_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o better_a and_o more_o acceptable_a unto_o god_n there_o be_v nothing_o in_o this_o alteration_n injurious_a unto_o a_o three_o person_n but_o in_o a_o oath_n which_o be_v make_v unto_o man_n injury_n may_v be_v do_v he_o if_o it_o shall_v without_o his_o consent_n and_o against_o he_o will_v be_v commute_v into_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o if_o caius_n swear_v to_o pay_v ten_o pound_n unto_o titius_n shall_v give_v he_o a_o horse_n worth_a ten_o pound_n it_o will_v not_o satisfy_v his_o oath_n for_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v force_v to_o commute_v a_o thing_n due_a unto_o he_o wherefore_o the_o bond_n of_o a_o oath_n can_v be_v loose_v nor_o the_o obligation_n take_v away_o by_o either_o of_o these_o invention_n sect_n vi_o but_o it_o seem_v it_o may_v by_o the_o three_o way_n remain_v to_o wit_n irritation_n of_o the_o superior_a cessation_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o relaxation_n of_o the_o party_n wherefore_o the_o three_o case_n be_v of_o solution_n of_o the_o bond_n by_o irritation_n declare_v by_o the_o superior_a now_o irritation_n for_o so_o with_o the_o casuist_n we_o must_v speak_v though_o barbarous_o signify_v a_o act_n of_o the_o legitimate_a superior_a whereby_o of_o his_o authority_n he_o render_v a_o oath_n make_v by_o his_o subject_n without_o his_o consent_n null_n and_o void_a for_o that_o legitimate_a superior_n may_v rescinde_v vow_n and_o oath_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o free_a but_o under_o their_o authority_n moses_n teach_v as_o when_o we_o be_v upon_o the_o efficient_a cause_n we_o observe_v large_o throughout_o this_o chapter_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o he_o who_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o another_o be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o nor_o can_v oblige_v himself_o in_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v subject_a without_o leave_n from_o his_o superior_a and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v not_o by_o any_o act_n of_o he_o to_o bring_v obligation_n upon_o himself_o without_o the_o other_o consent_n either_o express_v or_o upon_o reasonable_a ground_n presume_v for_o the_o right_n of_o ruler_n over_o their_o subject_n be_v by_o the_o immovable_a and_o eternal_a law_n of_o god_n perpetual_a moreover_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n together_o with_o the_o right_n of_o obedience_n and_o subjection_n be_v by_o the_o same_o perpetual_a law_n perpetual_o and_o indispensable_o obligatory_a which_o antecedent_n obligation_n by_o our_o three_o hypothesis_n obstruct_v the_o effect_n of_o a_o subsequent_a oath_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o it_o can_v be_v bind_v for_o the_o former_a obligation_n ever_o prejudge_v the_o latter_a and_o render_v every_o act_n introductive_a of_o new_a and_o contrary_a obligation_n invalid_a wherefore_o in_o this_o case_n i_o say_v first_o that_o a_o subject_a ought_v not_o by_o oath_n to_o promise_v any_o of_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o be_v subject_a unto_o another_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o superior_a at_o the_o least_o presume_v second_o that_o if_o he_o have_v swear_v and_o the_o thing_n be_v lawful_a he_o be_v so_o long_o oblige_v unto_o performance_n as_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v against_o the_o will_n dignity_n and_o profit_n of_o his_o superior_a three_o that_o the_o superior_a if_o he_o have_v by_o express_a consent_n whether_o before_o or_o after_o once_o ratify_v the_o promise_n of_o his_o subject_n can_v make_v the_o same_o afterward_o void_a or_o null_n the_o obligation_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o superior_a so_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o know_v of_o the_o matter_n open_o and_o peremptory_o declare_v his_o dissent_n forbid_v the_o performance_n of_o the_o same_o that_o the_o transitory_a obligation_n present_o cease_v and_o the_o subject_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o former_a obligation_n of_o duty_n which_o be_v permanent_a and_o perpetual_a be_v bind_v notwithstanding_o his_o oath_n to_o obey_v his_o superior_a whence_o if_o any_o man_n subject_n unto_o the_o power_n of_o another_o whether_o master_n father_n or_o prince_n voluntary_o compel_v by_o force_n or_o fear_n or_o mislead_v through_o fraud_n or_o example_n of_o other_o happen_z to_o make_v any_o oath_n whereunto_o he_o believe_v his_o master_n father_n or_o prince_n have_v he_o biâ—_n present_a will_v not_o have_v condescend_v
interpreter_n perhaps_o this_o cursory_a paraphrase_n upon_o the_o word_n such_o as_o it_o be_v may_v contribute_v something_o towards_o that_o end_n as_o it_o seem_v unto_o i_o they_o express_v thus_o much_o set_a the_o example_n of_o ancient_a prophet_n and_o holy_a man_n before_o your_o eye_n if_o you_o suffer_v adversity_n imitate_v their_o patience_n if_o in_o all_o thing_n you_o can_v attain_v to_o that_o perfection_n yet_o thus_o far_o at_o least_o except_o you_o be_v extreme_a negligent_a you_o may_v go_v with_o ease_n above_o all_o thing_n take_v heed_n lest_o too_o impatient_a of_o your_o grief_n or_o too_o much_o transport_v with_o your_o joy_n you_o break_v forth_o into_o rash_a oath_n to_o the_o dishonour_n of_o god_n and_o shame_n of_o christian_a conversation_n but_o rather_o contain_v yourselves_o whether_o trouble_v or_o rejoice_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n mingle_v not_o heaven_n and_o earthâ—_n let_v not_o all_o thing_n be_v fill_v with_o your_o oath_n and_o clamour_n if_o you_o affirm_v orderly_o a_o thing_n let_v it_o be_v with_o calmness_n and_o a_o mere_a affirmation_n or_o negation_n but_o if_o either_o of_o these_o passion_n be_v more_o impetuous_a and_o strive_v to_o overflow_v the_o narrow_a channel_n of_o your_o bosom_n it_o will_v be_v your_o wisdom_n to_o let_v it_o forth_o unto_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n do_v you_o demand_v by_o what_o mean_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o be_v any_o among_o you_o afflict_v let_v not_o his_o impatience_n break_v forth_o into_o oath_n and_o blasphemy_n the_o floodgate_n of_o wrath_n but_o rather_o let_v he_o pray_v and_o humble_o implore_v god_n that_o he_o will_v vouchsafe_v he_o patience_n till_o his_o heavy_a hand_n be_v remove_v be_v any_o merry_a let_v he_o not_o bellow_v it_o forth_o in_o oath_n like_o a_o bacchanalian_a but_o rather_o sing_v it_o in_o hymn_n and_o psalm_n unto_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n who_o have_v make_v his_o cup_n to_o overflow_v and_o crown_v he_o with_o happy_a day_n if_o any_o man_n admit_v not_o this_o latitude_n unto_o the_o apostle_n word_n let_v he_o use_v his_o own_o judgement_n i_o have_v only_o express_v that_o which_o i_o think_v probable_a and_o give_v no_o man_n law_n but_o to_o return_v if_o i_o have_v digress_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o word_n of_o james_n altogether_o condemn_v that_o evil_a custom_n which_o be_v now_o grow_v among_o high_a and_o low_o man_n of_o all_o sort_n inveterate_a it_o will_v cost_v i_o many_o leaf_n to_o sum_n up_o that_o which_o have_v be_v declare_v against_o this_o impious_a use_n by_o holy_a father_n ancient_a doctor_n of_o all_o nation_n hebrew_n greek_n latin_n yea_o even_a heathen_n of_o many_o take_v a_o few_o sirach_n the_o wise_a of_o the_o hebrew_n accustom_v not_o thy_o mouth_n to_o swear_v as_o a_o servant_n that_o be_v continual_o beat_v shall_v not_o be_v without_o a_o blue_a mark_n so_o he_o that_o swear_v and_o name_v god_n continual_o shall_v not_o be_v faultless_a a_o man_n that_o use_v much_o swear_v shall_v be_v fill_v with_o iniquity_n among_o the_o greek_n eusebius_n the_o heathen_a philosopher_n many_o say_v he_o exhort_v man_n to_o swear_v the_o truth_n but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o man_n ought_v not_o easy_o to_o swear_v at_o all_o among_o the_o latin_n augustine_n beware_v of_o oath_n as_o much_o as_o you_o may_v because_o it_o be_v better_a not_o to_o swear_v though_o a_o truth_n not_o that_o it_o be_v sin_n to_o swear_v truth_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o most_o grievous_a one_o to_o swear_v falsehood_n into_o which_o he_o may_v the_o soon_o fall_v who_o accustome_v himself_o to_o swear_v and_o in_o another_o place_n a_o false_a oath_n be_v destructive_a and_o even_o a_o true_a one_o dangerous_a but_o what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o other_o testimony_n see_v this_o daily_a and_o unnecessary_a use_n of_o swear_v be_v so_o positive_o forbid_v as_o scarce_o any_o thing_n more_o in_o holy_a scripture_n by_o christ_n himself_o but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o swear_v 34._o not_o at_o all_o and_o by_o his_o apostle_n st._n james_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v above_o all_o thing_n swear_v not_o sect_n xii_o the_o three_o conclusion_n a_o oath_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v make_v but_o upon_o a_o just_a weighty_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n a_o oath_n be_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v neither_o evil_n in_o themselves_o as_o murder_v sacrilege_n perjury_n and_o all_o other_o vice_n be_v nor_o of_o those_o which_o be_v desirable_a of_o themselves_o as_o deed_n of_o charity_n justice_n obedience_n and_o all_o other_o virtue_n but_o of_o such_o as_o be_v good_a only_o because_o necessary_a by_o hypothesis_n and_o for_o their_o end_n and_o not_o desirable_a but_o in_o order_n unto_o that_o end_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v all_o those_o which_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o redress_n of_o some_o defect_n as_o physic_n for_o as_o a_o medicine_n be_v not_o invent_v for_o itself_o but_o for_o health_n and_o as_o there_o will_v be_v no_o use_n thereof_o if_o man_n body_n be_v not_o obnoxious_a unto_o disease_n honour_n the_o physician_n for_o necessity_n sake_n so_o a_o oath_n be_v institute_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n among_o man_n nor_o will_v be_v of_o any_o use_n if_o mankind_n be_v not_o alas_o too_o subject_a unto_o ignorance_n and_o perfidy_n which_o perhaps_o be_v our_o saviour_n meaning_n by_o those_o word_n matth._n 5._o 37._o come_v of_o evil_a wherefore_o as_o the_o use_n of_o physic_n where_o it_o seem_v not_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o health_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v so_o oath_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v avoid_v where_o necessary_a preservation_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o confirmation_n of_o faith_n seem_v not_o to_o require_v they_o that_o admonition_n of_o epictetus_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o stoic_a be_v wholesome_a avoid_v a_o oath_n if_o you_o can_v whole_o if_o not_o as_o much_o you_o may_v a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n but_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o sacred_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o dangerous_a if_o undue_o take_v as_o medicine_n of_o the_o great_a virtue_n and_o efficacy_n be_v the_o more_o hurtful_a unto_o the_o body_n if_o rash_o and_o unskilful_o administer_v the_o use_n of_o assertory_n oath_n be_v necessary_a in_o commonwealth_n especial_o in_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o investigation_n of_o truth_n in_o matter_n of_o particular_a fact_n whereunto_o belong_v oath_n witness_n compurgator_n etc._n etc._n in_o extrajudiciall_a and_o private_a business_n it_o be_v not_o so_o frequent_a yet_o it_o may_v be_v sometime_o necessary_a to_o wit_n where_o it_o concern_v a_o man_n very_o much_o to_o be_v believe_v and_o he_o can_v be_v believe_v except_o he_o swear_v the_o promissory_a oath_n be_v of_o no_o use_n in_o justice_n but_o of_o very_o great_a in_o extrajudicials_n both_o public_a and_o private_a first_o public_a to_o keep_v subject_n in_o allegiance_n unto_o their_o prince_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o league_n and_o contract_n of_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o observation_n of_o law_n and_o statute_n and_o consequent_o honour_n order_n and_o peace_n of_o politic_a body_n and_o society_n for_o the_o faithful_a administration_n of_o public_a office_n and_o the_o like_a and_o also_o private_a as_o the_o ancient_n often_o use_v it_o for_o establishment_n of_o contract_n performance_n of_o condition_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n payment_n of_o debt_n restitution_n loan_z profit_n trust_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o most_o matter_n of_o private_a concernment_n other_o way_n may_v be_v take_v with_o less_o scruple_n of_o conscience_n and_o better_a assurance_n against_o the_o perfidy_n of_o wicked_a man_n as_o pawn_n feoffee_n bond_n witness_n and_o other_o judicial_a obligation_n and_o where_o such_o may_v be_v convenient_o use_v it_o be_v best_o to_o abstain_v altogether_o from_o oath_n lest_o by_o frequent_a swear_n and_o upon_o slight_a occasion_n the_o too_o familiar_a use_n of_o a_o thing_n so_o sacred_a degenerate_a into_o contempt_n or_o while_o we_o practise_v swear_v we_o learn_v perjury_n augustine_n say_v true_o except_o a_o man_n have_v try_v he_o can_v know_v how_o hard_o a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o shake_v off_o the_o custom_n of_o swear_v and_o not_o to_o do_v that_o rash_o which_o sometime_o he_o must_v do_v necessary_o sect_n xiii_o the_o four_o conclusion_n it_o be_v a_o grievous_a sin_n undue_o to_o exact_v a_o oath_n now_o he_o exact_v undue_o first_o who_o compel_v another_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n which_o be_v neither_o ordain_v by_o the_o law_n nor_o receive_v by_o custom_n nor_o establish_v by_o undenyed_a prescription_n without_o intermission_n second_o who_o exact_v a_o oath_n evident_o repugnant_a or_o which_o seem_v by_o that_o sense_n which_o the_o word_n bear_v according_a to_o their_o use_n in_o