second_o that_o we_o have_v precedent_n for_o it_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o say_v i_o it_o be_v no_o ceremonial_a rite_n but_o a_o moral_a and_o perpetual_a duty_n that_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v as_o much_o a_o rule_n for_o we_o herein_o as_o their_o religious_a read_v the_o scripture_n and_o keep_v of_o day_n of_o prayer_n and_o fast_v and_o day_n of_o thanksgiving_n if_o this_o be_v not_o so_o in_o vain_a be_v our_o people_n press_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o those_o duty_n by_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o text_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n as_o i_o say_v in_o chap._n 4._o pag._n 47._o beside_o we_o find_v it_o be_v prophesy_v of_o that_o in_o gospel-day_n as_o have_v be_v show_v zion_n watchman_n and_o desolate_a soul_n or_o waste_v place_n shall_v lift_v up_o their_o voice_n and_o with_o their_o voice_n together_o shall_v sing_v isa_n 52._o 7_o 8._o and_o certain_o that_o in_o rev._n 19_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4._o those_o hallelujah_n that_o shall_v be_v sing_v in_o the_o gospel-churche_n at_o the_o downfall_n of_o babylon_n will_v be_v doubtless_o with_o voice_n since_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o much_o people_n as_o the_o voice_n of_o many_o water_n and_o as_o the_o voice_n of_o mighty_a thundering_n christ_n say_v mr._n cotton_n and_o his_o disciple_n when_o they_o receive_v the_o lord's-supper_n which_o be_v a_o church-act_n they_o be_v a_o entire_a congregation_n and_o they_o after_o supper_n sing_v a_o hymn_n to_o say_v that_o one_o sing_v it_o say_v he_o and_o the_o other_o join_v in_o spirit_n say_v amen_o have_v no_o foothold_a in_o the_o text_n it_o may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v they_o all_o take_v the_o bread_n they_o all_o bless_a it_o and_o give_v it_o in_o that_o one_o do_v it_o and_o all_o the_o rest_n join_v in_o spirit_n and_o consent_v in_o that_o and_o in_o the_o blessing_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v say_v they_o sing_v the_o hynm_n not_o he_o alone_o yet_o he_o be_v say_v to_o give_v thanks_o or_o to_o bless_v the_o bread_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v no_o strain_n of_o wit_n say_v he_o but_o a_o solid_a and_o judicious_a exposition_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o revelation_n to_o make_v it_o a_o description_n of_o a_o particular_a visible_a church_n of_o christ_n according_a to_o the_o platform_n and_o pattern_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n whereas_o the_o four_o live_a creature_n be_v four_o sort_n of_o officer_n so_o the_o twenty_o four_o elder_n set_v forth_o the_o brethren_n of_o the_o church_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o ripe_a age_n gal._n 4._o 1_o 2_o 3._o and_o twenty_o four_o in_o number_n answer_v to_o the_o twenty_o four_o order_n of_o priest_n and_o levite_n 1_o chron._n 25._o 9_o etc._n etc._n and_o these_o be_v all_o say_v to_o join_v together_o in_o sing_v a_o new_a song_n unto_o the_o lamb._n if_o his_o exposition_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v yet_o all_o expositor_n agree_v that_o by_o the_o four_o beast_n and_o twenty_o four_o elder_n be_v mean_v the_o church_n and_o the_o officer_n in_o the_o church_n and_o then_o their_o sing_v together_o do_v confirm_v the_o manner_n of_o gospel-singing_a with_o unite_a voice_n together_o in_o god_n worship_n object_n but_o what_o ground_n be_v there_o for_o the_o church_n to_o join_v in_o sing_v of_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n with_o unbeliever_n answ_n 1._o unbeliever_n join_v with_o they_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o their_o join_n with_o unbeliever_n be_v another_o and_o since_o it_o be_v a_o church-ordinance_n as_o we_o have_v clear_o prove_v all_o along_o it_o be_v what_o rule_n or_o ground_n have_v the_o church_n to_o put_v unbeliever_n forth_o of_o their_o assembly_n if_o they_o know_v they_o from_o other_o there_o may_v be_v unbeliever_n in_o the_o church_n and_o there_o may_v be_v believer_n out_o of_o the_o church_n 2._o what_o ground_n have_v the_o church_n to_o pray_v with_o unbeliever_n certain_o the_o communion_n together_o in_o spirit_n be_v more_o close_a and_o intimate_v than_o that_o of_o unite_n the_o voice_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o let_v they_o sing_v with_o we_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o let_v they_o in_o their_o heart_n join_v in_o prayer_n with_o we_o must_v not_o the_o child_n have_v their_o bread_n because_o stranger_n will_v get_v some_o of_o it_o beside_o in_o the_o church_n of_o corinth_n when_o sing_v be_v bring_v in_o among_o they_o as_o well_o as_o a_o doctrine_n etc._n etc._n the_o apostle_n speak_v of_o unbeliever_n come_v into_o their_o assembly_n and_o it_o be_v one_o reason_n he_o give_v why_o they_o shall_v take_v heed_n to_o prevent_v confusion_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v one_o to_o bring_v in_o a_o doctrine_n or_o many_o together_o and_o another_o a_o interpretation_n and_o another_o a_o psalm_n to_o put_v they_o all_o on_o sing_v and_o so_o have_v all_o these_o ordinance_n confound_v together_o in_o a_o disorderly_a and_o confuse_a manner_n so_o 1_o cor._n 14._o vers_fw-la 26._o compare_v with_o vers_n 23._o 3._o if_o sing_v be_v a_o part_n of_o natural_a religion_n or_o a_o moral_a duty_n as_o prayer_n be_v this_o objection_n be_v go_v for_o ever_o so_o that_o he_o that_o answer_v what_o we_o say_v here_o will_v do_v nothing_o unless_o he_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n be_v a_o mere_a positive_a precept_n and_o have_v never_o be_v know_v to_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o mankind_n without_o some_o write_a law_n or_o prescription_n be_v not_o all_o creature_n call_v upon_o to_o sing_v and_o praise_v their_o creator_n and_o have_v not_o unbeliever_n cause_n to_o praise_n god_n nay_o sing_v his_o praise_n for_o the_o mercy_n and_o blessing_n god_n do_v bestow_v upon_o they_o nay_o have_v they_o not_o cause_n to_o praise_n god_n for_o christ_n and_o the_o gospel_n etc._n etc._n what_o be_v sing_v but_o praise_v of_o god_n and_o will_v you_o not_o have_v â—ny_n to_o do_v this_o but_o the_o saint_n ought_v not_o all_o man_n on_o earth_n to_o pray_v though_o till_o they_o have_v faith_n their_o prayer_n be_v not_o accept_v of_o god_n i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o what_o mr._n sidenham_n have_v so_o well_o say_v to_o this_o objection_n many_o who_o grant_v sing_v to_o be_v a_o ordinance_n say_v he_o among_o saint_n yet_o stumble_v to_o sing_v in_o a_o promiscuous_a manner_n with_o other_o especial_o because_o so_o many_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o such_o composition_n that_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o concern_v a_o mix_a multitude_n for_o open_v of_o this_o i_o must_v lay_v down_o this_o general_a position_n that_o prayer_n and_o praise_n be_v natural_a duty_n belong_v to_o all_o man_n as_o man_n though_o only_o the_o saint_n can_v do_v they_o best_a and_o spiritual_o it_o be_v so_o upon_o all_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o creation_n to_o seek_v to_o god_n for_o what_o they_o want_v and_o to_o thank_v he_o for_o what_o they_o have_v this_o be_v due_a unto_o god_n owe_v unto_o he_o as_o creator_n and_o benefactor_n and_o though_o sing_v be_v a_o part_n of_o institute_v worship_n yet_o it_o be_v as_o a_o addition_n of_o order_n and_o a_o regulation_n of_o a_o natural_a duty_n and_o as_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o be_v bind_v to_o pray_v for_o mercy_n so_o none_o be_v exempt_v from_o praise_v god_n for_o mercy_n though_o they_o sing_v in_o a_o lowâ—â—_n tune_n than_o saint_n thus_o david_n call_v in_o 〈◊〉_d creature_n to_o bless_v and_o praise_n god_n as_o a_o natural_a duty_n according_a to_o their_o several_a capacity_n psal_n 136._o psal_n 117._o psal_n 10â—_o psal_n 20._o 21_o 22._o praise_v be_v the_o natural_a duty_n of_o all_o the_o proper_a duty_n of_o saint_n and_o 〈◊〉_d perfect_a duty_n of_o angel_n and_o glorify_a soul_n object_n you_o will_v say_v they_o can_v perfâ—â—â—_n it_o aright_o sol._n 1._o their_o want_n of_o ability_n do_v 〈◊〉_d discharge_v they_o from_o such_o a_o duty_n engrauâ—â—_n on_o their_o conscience_n from_o the_o natural_a respect_n they_o have_v to_o god_n as_o a_o creator_n 〈◊〉_d perform_v which_o god_n give_v they_o full_a power_n let_v every_o man_n do_v his_o duty_n conscientious_o he_o may_v afterward_o come_v to_o do_v it_o spiritual_o 〈◊〉_d though_o i_o shall_v lose_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o duty_n iâ—_n my_o conscience_n yet_o the_o duty_n lie_v on_o my_o conscience_n from_o god_n authority_n and_o my_o relation_n to_o he_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n every_o one_o shall_v abstain_v from_o performance_n of_o a_o duty_n for_o 〈◊〉_d of_o present_a ability_n whereas_o the_o duty_n muâ—â—_n be_v do_v and_o strength_n expect_v from_o heaven_n and_o wait_v for_o according_a to_o the_o divinâ—_n manner_n of_o dispensation_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a to_o join_v in_o any_o act_n with_o other_o or_o to_o countenance_v they_o in_o
it_o which_o be_v real_o their_o duty_n as_o well_o as_o 〈◊〉_d own_o i_o can_v sin_v in_o join_v with_o any_o one_o in_o that_o act_n to_o perform_v which_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o another_o as_o i_o though_o he_o may_v want_v the_o present_a ability_n for_o duty_n must_v be_v measure_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n not_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o performer_n now_o it_o be_v no_o duty_n for_o any_o man_n to_o receive_v the_o lord_n supper_n or_o be_v a_o member_n of_o a_o church_n in_o order_n to_o communion_n without_o he_o find_v himself_o in_o some_o measure_n fit_v by_o grace_n these_o seal_v ordinance_n of_o the_o gospel_n suppose_v and_o require_v some_o other_o qualification_n and_o be_v peculiar_a to_o visible_a saint_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a character_n or_o a_o ordinance_n as_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o at_o least_o equal_o concern_v all_o there_o be_v no_o sin_n to_o join_v in_o the_o administration_n of_o it_o and_o if_o we_o consider_v of_o it_o wary_o unregenerate_a man_n be_v great_a sharer_n in_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o church_n beside_o their_o own_o particular_a duty_n that_o they_o may_v well_o join_v with_o they_o in_o set_v forth_o god_n praise_n but_o more_o close_o and_o particular_o 1._o when_o the_o church_n and_o saint_n of_o god_n be_v gather_v together_o to_o worship_v he_o in_o sing_v it_o be_v no_o more_o unlawful_a to_o sing_v with_o other_o that_o stand_v by_o and_o join_v their_o voice_n than_o when_o in_o prayer_n they_o stand_v by_o and_o give_v their_o consent_n we_o do_v not_o so_o much_o join_v with_o they_o as_o they_o do_v own_o god_n act_n among_o we_o it_o be_v no_o sin_n in_o they_o to_o join_v with_o we_o in_o such_o a_o duty_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v any_o sin_n in_o we_o to_o sing_v though_o other_o very_o carnal_a will_n outward_o praise_v god_n with_o we_o 2._o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o saint_n in_o their_o hearty_a and_o real_a expression_n of_o praise_n may_v convince_v other_o in_o the_o coldness_n and_o lowness_n of_o their_o spirit_n and_o stir_v they_o up_o to_o some_o spiritual_a apprehension_n sidenham_n 〈◊〉_d sing_v pag._n 213_o 214_o 215._o it_o be_v evident_a the_o church_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o worship_n god_n alone_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o not_o suffer_v the_o people_n to_o come_v among_o they_o unless_o she_o intend_v to_o become_v no_o church_n in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o how_o shall_v she_o increase_v or_o have_v child_n bear_v in_o she_o be_v not_o hear_v the_o word_n of_o god_n preach_v and_o public_a prayer_n as_o sacred_a ordinance_n of_o gospel-worship_n 〈◊〉_d singing_n why_o then_o may_v they_o be_v admit_v to_o join_v with_o the_o church_n in_o those_o ordinance_n which_o they_o be_v no_o better_o able_a to_o perform_v acceptable_o to_o god_n than_o in_o sing_v and_o be_v deny_v to_o sing_v by_o this_o rule_n other_o must_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o join_v with_o the_o church_n in_o one_o part_n of_o gospel-worship_n you_o must_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o join_v with_o we_o in_o any_o but_o even_o 〈◊〉_d the_o door_n upon_o they_o and_o worship_n god_n alone_o and_o shall_v we_o deny_v they_o to_o do_v this_o it_o may_v also_o lay_v a_o stumbling-block_n in_o their_o way_n and_o give_v they_o a_o just_a offence_n against_o the_o lord_n people_n see_v more_o in_o chap._n 9_o where_o we_o have_v speak_v further_o to_o this_o objection_n chap._n xv._n wherein_o mr._n marlow_n book_n and_o many_o other_o objection_n raise_v against_o sing_v of_o psalm_n hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n be_v full_o and_o plain_o answer_v though_o all_o that_o be_v impartial_a who_o shall_v read_v mr._n marlow_n book_n against_o sing_v and_o consider_v what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v in_o this_o treatise_n will_v say_v he_o be_v answer_v yet_o i_o shall_v now_o give_v a_o particular_a reply_n to_o all_o that_o be_v any_o way_n material_a contain_v in_o it_o which_o i_o have_v not_o detect_v and_o answer_v before_o that_o which_o he_o insinuate_v pag._n 3_o 4._o about_o the_o weakness_n and_o imbecility_n of_o some_o christian_n about_o their_o reception_n of_o this_o ordinance_n as_o a_o dangerous_a thing_n need_v no_o reply_n he_o will_v fain_o make_v his_o reader_n think_v to_o receive_v sing_v of_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n as_o a_o ordinance_n be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o fall_n away_o from_o the_o truth_n so_o clear_o say_v he_o manifest_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o witness_v to_o by_o the_o suffering_n of_o the_o pure_a church_n in_o our_o age_n who_o have_v bear_v a_o lively_a testimony_n not_o only_o against_o the_o humane_a prescribe_v and_o precompose_v form_n of_o prayer_n but_o against_o sing_v david_n '_o s_z psalm_n and_o other_o hymn_n or_o song_n precompose_v by_o man._n answ_n it_o be_v not_o a_o fall_a away_o from_o truth_n to_o restore_v a_o lose_v or_o neglect_a ordinance_n of_o the_o gospel_n as_o you_o i_o perceive_v dare_v not_o deny_v but_o this_o of_o sing_v be_v the_o main_a difference_n be_v about_o the_o manner_n or_o what_o sing_v be_v we_o say_v it_o be_v go_v forward_a iâ—_n the_o glorious_a work_n of_o reformation_n what_o though_o some_o baptise_a church_n who_o i_o do_v believe_v have_v attain_v to_o great_a purity_n in_o some_o thing_n than_o some_o other_o have_v bear_v such_o a_o witness_n against_o sing_v of_o david_n psalm_n be_v it_o therefore_o no_o ordinance_n of_o christ_n must_v they_o needs_o know_v every_o truth_n of_o christ_n be_v there_o any_o church_n that_o be_v yet_o arrive_v to_o such_o a_o perfection_n of_o knowledge_n that_o they_o need_v not_o the_o discovery_n of_o any_o truth_n but_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v i_o be_o afraid_a some_o of_o those_o church_n be_v yet_o short_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o practice_n of_o another_o ordinance_n as_o well_o as_o this_o and_o speak_v against_o it_o as_o against_o this_o though_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n heb._n 6._o 1_o 2._o be_v they_o against_o the_o sing_v of_o david_n psalm_n and_o hymn_n do_v you_o say_v god_n forbid_v since_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v enjoin_v the_o church_n to_o sing_v they_o pag._n 3_o 4._o but_o to_o pass_v over_o this_o you_o come_v to_o consider_v that_o text_n ephes_n 5._o 14._o speak_v to_o yourselves_o in_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n object_n from_o these_o word_n nor_o the_o context_n relate_v to_o they_o be_v there_o any_o wâ—â—for_a a_o vocal_a speak_v but_o otherwise_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v a_o speak_n to_o your_o own_o heart_n these_o be_v your_o word_n answ_n it_o be_v well_o you_o do_v not_o affirm_v this_o teach_v be_v then_o a_o preach_a from_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n in_o ordinary_a gospel-administration_n for_o some_o there_o have_v be_v and_o may_v be_v be_v now_o that_o assert_v that_o and_o i_o think_v we_o shall_v find_v you_o there_o too_o by_o and_o by_o however_o let_v the_o speak_v be_v what_o it_o will_v that_o be_v here_o mean_v it_o be_v evident_a it_o be_v such_o a_o speak_v that_o be_v use_v in_o sing_v for_o so_o the_o follow_a word_n explain_v it_o which_o you_o be_v not_o willing_a it_o may_v be_v to_o cite_v sing_v and_o make_v of_o melody_n in_o your_o heart_n to_o the_o lord_n you_o then_o mention_n col._n 3._o 16._o i_o confess_v say_v you_o that_o vocal_a singing_n be_v here_o to_o be_v understand_v sing_v otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v teach_v and_o admonish_v to_o other_o in_o word_n or_o deed_n but_o yet_o here_o be_v nothing_o to_o prove_v vocal_a sing_v together_o for_o teach_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n be_v mean_v of_o the_o minister_a brethren_n who_o work_n it_o be_v to_o teach_v and_o admonish_v the_o other_o member_n according_a to_o the_o gift_n they_o have_v receive_v and_o none_o can_v prove_v any_o more_o by_o these_o word_n one_o another_o than_o what_o must_v be_v understand_v from_o heb._n 3._o 13._o but_o exhort_v one_o another_o daily_a whilst_o it_o be_v call_v to_o day_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o word_n exhortation_n be_v not_o use_v in_o the_o church_n but_o in_o a_o orderly_a ministerial_a way_n by_o one_o at_o once_o etc._n etc._n must_v be_v use_v also_o according_a to_o gospel-rule_n 1_o cor._n 14._o 26._o how_o be_v it_o brethren_n when_o you_o come_v together_o every_o one_o of_o you_o have_v a_o psalm_n have_v a_o doctrine_n etc._n etc._n be_v understand_v of_o a_o vocal_a sing_v all_o together_o for_o i_o think_v 〈◊〉_d will_v say_v that_o those_o word_n every_o one_o of_o you_o have_v etc._n etc._n be_v speak_v of_o all_o have_v those_o spiritual_a gift_n which_o can_v be_v though_o of_o every_o minister_n in_o that_o church_n verse_n 28_o much_o
〈◊〉_d voice_n p._n 7._o a_o metaphorical_a sing_v mention_v in_o scripture_n p._n 7._o no_o mental_a sing_v as_o there_o be_v no_o mental_a pray_v p._n 12._o the_o essence_n of_o sing_v no_o more_o in_o the_o heart_n or_o spirit_n 〈◊〉_d the_o essence_n of_o preach_v etc._n etc._n p._n 14._o sing_v be_v a_o musical_a melodious_a modulation_n or_o time_v of_o 〈◊〉_d voice_n p._n 15._o it_o be_v not_o praise_v of_o god_n in_o prayer_n p._n 16._o wherein_o sing_v and_o other_o praising_n of_o god_n differ_v p._n 16_o 17._o several_a distinct_a noise_n of_o the_o tongue_n or_o bodily_a organ_n 19_o 20._o they_o that_o 〈◊〉_d not_o with_o the_o voice_n sing_v not_o at_o all_o p._n 21._o sing_v thâ—_n praise_n of_o god_n prove_v our_o duty_n from_o the_o antiâ—â—â—_n of_o that_o practice_n of_o the_o angel_n sing_v at_o god_n bring_v 〈◊〉_d the_o first_o visible_a creation_n the_o angel_n sing_v also_o at_o the_o â—â—nging_n in_o the_o second_o creation_n or_o work_v of_o redemption_n 22_o 23_o 24._o sing_v a_o act_n of_o the_o voice_n and_o also_o a_o act_n of_o god_n â—â—rship_n p._n 24._o the_o devil_n a_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o sing_n of_o god_n praise_n 〈◊〉_d sing_v to_o christ_n p._n 25_o 26._o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v sing_v part_n of_o god_n worship_n p._n 27._o sing_v a_o moral_a duty_n prove_v by_o four_o demonstration_n â—_o 30_o to_o p._n 40._o a_o argument_n to_o prove_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o sing_v praise_n to_o god_n â—â—ken_v from_o its_o be_v a_o part_n of_o natural_a religion_n p._n 41._o sing_v our_o duty_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o god_n people_n beâ—re_v the_o law_n under_o the_o law_n and_o under_o the_o gospel_n p._n 41_o 〈◊〉_d p._n 45._o sing_v of_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n our_o duty_n prove_v from_o scripture-precept_n p._n 45_o to_o p._n â—2_n sing_v under_o the_o law_n with_o instrument_n of_o music_n typical_a p._n 53._o sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n prove_v to_o be_v our_o duty_n because_o institute_v under_o the_o gospel_n and_o enjoin_v on_o the_o church_n p._n 54_o to_o p._n 56._o a_o argument_n from_o thence_o p._n 59_o obj._n we_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o come_v at_o sing_v answer_v p._n 85._o singing_z god_n praise_n etc._n etc._n confirm_v by_o a_o miracle_n as_o other_o gospel-ordinance_n be_v p._n 60._o obj._n sing_v be_v do_v by_o a_o extraordinary_a gift_n therefore_o we_o must_v not_o sing_v now_o answer_v p._n 62_o 146_o 147._o the_o direful_a consequent_n of_o such_o a_o assertion_n p._n 63._o a_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o extraordinary_a gift_n in_o the_o apostolical_a church_n in_o bring_v in_o a_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n p._n 64_o 65._o prove_v singing_n of_o psalm_n our_o duty_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n next_o after_o the_o apostle_n time_n p._n 65_o 66_o 67._o show_v the_o form_n or_o manner_n of_o sing_v and_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v with_o unite_a voice_n p._n 70_o 71_o 72._o sing_v together_o with_o unite_a voice_n prove_v from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o saint_n under_o the_o old_a testament_n p._n 74_o 75._o prove_v singing_n together_o in_o public_a worship_n our_o duty_n from_o scripture-prophecy_n that_o relate_v to_o gospel-day_n p._n 75_o 76_o 77_o 78_o 79_o 80._o prove_v be_v our_o duty_n to_o sing_v god_n praise_n with_o unite_a voice_n from_o the_o great_a noise_n sing_v in_o the_o scripture_n be_v say_v to_o make_v p._n 83._o four_o sylogistical_a argument_n to_o prove_v sing_v together_o with_o unite_a voice_n the_o true_a manner_n of_o performance_n of_o this_o duty_n p._n 85_o 86_o 87_o 89._o show_v what_o matter_n it_o be_v we_o shall_v sing_v that_o the_o matter_n in_o general_n must_v be_v the_o word_n of_o christ_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o psalm_n hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n p._n 90._o ephes_n 5._o 19_o col._n 3._o 16._o distinct_o open_v p._n 91_o 92_o 93_o 94._o other_o hymn_n may_v be_v sing_v beside_o david_n psalm_n p._n 95_o 96_o 97_o 98._o &_o p._n 154_o 160_o 161._o show_v who_o ought_v to_o sing_v god_n praise_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a church_n ought_v so_o to_o do_v p._n 100l_n obj._n what_o ground_n to_o sing_v before_o or_o after_o sermon_n answer_v pag._n 102._o obj._n what_o ground_n for_o the_o church_n to_o sing_v with_o unbeliever_n answer_v p._n 105_o 106_o 107_o 108_o 120._o mr._n marlow_n book_n examine_v and_o answer_v p._n 111._o no_o apostasy_n or_o go_v back_o to_o sing_v god_n praise_n p._n 112._o speak_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n what_o plain_o open_v p._n 113_o 114._o the_o speak_n to_o ourselves_o in_o psalm_n ephes_n 5._o 19_o and_o admonish_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n meanâ—_n one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n p._n 114_o 115._o paul_n speak_v not_o to_o minister_n in_o those_o word_n but_o to_o the_o whole_a church_n p._n 117_o 118._o the_o folly_n of_o mr._n marlowe_n lay_v open_a about_o what_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o essence_n of_o sing_v p._n 122._o his_o notion_n about_o the_o essence_n of_o sing_v etc._n etc._n tend_v to_o destroy_v all_o external_n duty_n and_o ordinance_n p._n 123_o 124._o it_o confirm_v quakerism_n and_o their_o silent_a meeting_n p._n 125_o 126._o obj._n no_o institution_n for_o sing_v till_o david_n time_n answer_v p._n 127_o 128._o obj._n sing_v of_o david_n psalm_n only_o suit_v to_o levitical_a ceremony_n and_o temple_n worship_n answer_v p._n 129_o 130._o objection_n about_o the_o matter_n of_o david_n psalm_n answer_v p._n 131._o mr._n marlow_n objection_n and_o cavil_n against_o precomposed_a hymn_n answer_v p._n 134_o 135._o like_a rule_n for_o precomposed_a spiritual_a hymn_n out_o of_o god_n word_n as_o for_o precomposed_a sermon_n large_o prove_v p._n 136_o 137._o obj._n woman_n must_v not_o speak_v in_o the_o church_n therefore_o must_v not_o sing_v in_o the_o church_n answer_v p._n 139_o 140_o 141._o obj._n 1_o cor._n 14._o 20_o to_o 34._o about_o a_o extraordinary_a gift_n to_o sing_v answer_v p._n 142_o 143_o 144._o what_o mean_v by_o winter_n and_o time_n of_o the_o sing_n of_o bird_n cant._n 2._o open_v p._n 147_o 148._o obj._n sing_v in_o the_o temple_n by_o a_o extraordinary_a gift_n answer_v p._n 146_o 147._o mr._n marlow_n reply_n to_o isa_n 52._o 8._o about_o the_o watchâ—â—â—_n sing_v together_o answer_v p._n 149_o 150._o the_o antitype_n of_o solomon_n temple_n not_o the_o church_n in_o the_o 1000_o year_n reign_v p._n 150._o mr._n marlow_n reply_n to_o christ_n sing_v a_o hymn_n with_o â—is_n disciple_n p._n 151._o his_o objection_n from_o act_n 4._o 24._o answer_v dr._n du-veil's_a sense_n of_o the_o greek_a word_n hymnos_fw-la p._n 151._o mr._n marlow_n reply_n to_o paul_n and_o silas_n sing_n answer_v p._n 153._o obj._n moses_n song_n by_o inspiration_n answer_v p._n 160._o obj._n prayer_n under_o the_o law_n differ_v from_o prayer_n under_o the_o gospel_n and_o so_o sing_v differ_v also_o there_o be_v shadow_n and_o legal_a rite_n use_v in_o they_o then_o large_o answer_v p._n 162_o 163._o jewish_a temple-worship_n jewish_a day_n of_o worship_n jewish_a mâ—sick_n in_o worship_n the_o levite_n maintenance_n all_o legal_a rite_n and_o shadow_n yet_o to_o meet_v together_o to_o worship_n god_n a_o time_n of_o worship_n a_o maintenance_n for_o gospel-minister_n and_o sing_v all_o moral_a and_o perpetual_a duty_n p._n 165_o 166_o 167_o 168._o obj._n a_o great_a measure_n of_o the_o spirit_n require_v to_o sing_v than_o to_o pray_v answer_v p._n 170_o 171._o obj._n none_o must_v sing_v but_o such_o who_o be_v merry_a or_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a cause_n so_o to_o do_v answer_v p._n 172._o obj._n no_o command_n to_o sing_v in_o public_a worship_n again_o answer_v p._n 173._o as_o much_o rule_n to_o sing_v before_o and_o after_o sermon_n as_o to_o pray_v at_o those_o time_n prove_v p._n 173._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n in_o church_n what_o p._n 176._o obj._n precomposed_a form_n carnal_a answer_v p._n 177._o as_o much_o ground_n to_o object_n against_o precomposed_a sermon_n p._n 179._o obj._n david_n psalm_n the_o original_a not_o in_o metre_n answer_v p._n 180._o the_o dangerousness_n of_o mr._n marlow_n cavil_n about_o the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o perform_v ordinance_n open_v p._n 181_o 182._o sing_v a_o piece_n of_o art_n answer_v p._n 103._o obj._n the_o gift_n for_o sing_v not_o continue_v in_o the_o church_n answer_v p._n 185._o mr._n marlow_n unchristian_a conclusion_n of_o his_o book_n answer_v with_o reflection_n thereupon_o p._n 186_o 187._o singing_z god_n praise_n a_o universal_a duty_n do_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o man_n at_o all_o time_n in_o affliction_n and_o at_o martyrdom_n p._n 189_o 190._o the_o use_n and_o excellent_a profit_n of_o sing_v god_n praise_n p._n 190_o 191_o 192._o the_o content_n of_o our_o answer_n
god_n in_o his_o worship_n and_o our_o glory_n viz._n our_o tongue_n be_v bring_v to_o shame_n hereby_o and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o 〈◊〉_d to_o rob_v god_n of_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o holy_a ordinance_n and_o his_o church_n and_o every_o particular_a saint_n of_o the_o use_n and_o comfort_n of_o they_o so_o far_o as_o 〈◊〉_d body_n or_o member_n thereof_o be_v employ_v in_o 〈◊〉_d about_o they_o they_o be_v of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o and_o what_o be_v this_o but_o to_o turn_v all_o outward_a or_o external_a worship_n into_o a_o spiritual_a inward_a or_o heart-business_n the_o essence_n of_o sing_v then_o if_o that_o word_n may_v be_v admit_v lie_v no_o more_o in_o our_o spiriâ—_n than_o the_o essence_n of_o preach_v etc._n etc._n and_o shaâ—â—_n the_o quaker_n or_o any_o other_o deceive_v people_n 〈◊〉_d person_n say_v when_o they_o meet_v together_o to_o preach_v pray_v or_o sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n thaâ—_n in_o their_o spirit_n they_o have_v the_o essence_n of_o thoâ—â—_n duty_n and_o so_o perform_v they_o to_o god_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v not_o one_o of_o they_o verbal_o and_o vocal_o do_v certain_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o ridiculous_a beside_o the_o main_a part_n essence_n too_o if_o you_o please_v nay_o the_o whole_a of_o sing_v lie_v in_o the_o voice_n i_o speak_v of_o the_o act_n or_o thing_n 〈◊〉_d self_n not_o of_o a_o right_n spiritual_a and_o gospel-performance_n of_o it_o for_o he_o may_v be_v say_v to_o preach_v who_o have_v not_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o do_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v he_o affect_v with_o what_o he_o say_v as_o proper_o as_o he_o that_o preach_v spiritual_o or_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o his_o own_o heart_n doubtless_o bird_n sing_v as_o true_o as_o any_o man_n can_v be_v say_v so_o to_o do_v and_o so_o do_v those_o who_o sing_v profane_a song_n â—_z all_o the_o part_n of_o sing_v manifest_v in_o their_o act_n so_o much_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o the_o do_v of_o a_o act_n or_o work_v and_o the_o manner_n design_n spirit_n and_o end_v in_o perform_v of_o it_o four_o to_o proceed_v by_o sing_v of_o psalm_n hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n therefore_o we_o understand_v a_o musical_a melodious_a modulation_n or_o tune_v of_o the_o voice_n express_v our_o spiritual_a joy_n for_o edify_v one_o another_o and_o for_o glorify_v of_o god_n 1._o and_o that_o this_o be_v all_o the_o sing_v the_o holy_a scripture_n speak_v of_o and_o be_v mean_v or_o intend_v therein_o will_v yet_o further_o appear_v if_o we_o consider_v these_o thing_n follow_v first_o it_o be_v call_v the_o make_n of_o a_o joyful_a noise_n sing_v a_o loud_a unto_o god_n our_o strength_n make_v a_o joyful_a noise_n unto_o the_o god_n of_o jacob_n psal_n 81._o 1._o o_o 〈◊〉_d let_v we_o sing_v unto_o the_o lord_n let_v we_o make_v a_o joyful_a noise_n to_o the_o rock_n of_o our_o salvation_n psal_n 95._o 1._o let_v we_o come_v before_o his_o presence_n with_o thanksgiving_n and_o make_v a_o joyful_a noise_n unto_o he_o with_o psalm_n vers_fw-la 2._o so_o in_o psal_n 98._o 4_o 5_o 6._o &_o 100_o 1_o 2._o this_o be_v the_o sing_v the_o holy_a ghost_n bear_v witness_n of_o it_o be_v not_o mere_o that_o in_o word_n joy_n or_o rejoice_v in_o spirit_n but_o a_o express_v of_o it_o wiâ—â—_n a_o melodious_a voice_n or_o by_o make_v of_o a_o joyful_a noise_n unto_o the_o lord_n second_o what_o the_o act_n of_o sing_v be_v or_o what_o it_o be_v to_o sing_v may_v be_v easy_o manifest_v by_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o air_n those_o melodious_a note_n they_o make_v god_n in_o his_o word_n cant._n 2._o 12._o call_v sing_v and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v when_o they_o sing_v and_o when_o they_o do_v not_o and_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o know_v when_o the_o lord_n people_n sing_v and_o which_o of_o they_o sing_v and_o who_o do_v not_o if_o man_n will_v not_o shut_v their_o eye_n and_o ear_n against_o a_o ordinance_n of_o christ_n and_o in_o oppose_v of_o it_o render_v themselves_o ridiculous_a to_o mankind_n three_o sing_v be_v distinguish_v from_o prayer_n as_o another_o thing_n differ_v from_o any_o part_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o and_o that_o by_o the_o great_a apostle_n himself_o and_o therefore_o it_o can_v be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o great_a duty_n what_o be_v it_o then_o i_o will_v pray_v with_o the_o spirit_n and_o i_o will_v pray_v with_o the_o understanding_n also_o i_o will_v sing_v with_o the_o spirit_n and_o i_o will_v sing_v with_o the_o understanding_n also_o 1_o cor._n 14._o 15._o prayer_n all_o expositor_n affirm_v consist_v in_o three_o part_n as_o i_o hint_v before_o 1._o in_o confession_n of_o sin_n etc._n etc._n 2._o in_o supplication_n for_o what_o we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o and_o 3._o in_o give_v of_o thanks_o or_o in_o praise_v of_o god_n with_o raise_a affection_n for_o what_o mercy_n we_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o as_o if_o the_o apostle_n shall_v say_v i_o will_v confess_v my_o sin_n and_o want_v to_o god_n by_o â—he_n help_v of_o god_n spirit_n and_o with_o the_o inward_a attention_n and_o utmost_a intention_n of_o my_o own_o spirit_n or_o great_a devotion_n and_o fervour_n of_o affection_n imaginable_a and_o so_o will_v i_o seek_v to_o he_o â—nd_v supplicate_v his_o holy_a majesty_n for_o what_o i_o â—ant_v and_o so_o will_v i_o praise_v he_o and_o give_v â—hanks_n to_o he_o for_o all_o the_o good_a thing_n i_o have_v â—eceived_v at_o his_o most_o bountiful_a hand_n see_v our_o â—ate_z annotation_n phil._n 4._o 6._o they_o mention_v there_o a_o petition_n or_o apprecation_n of_o good_a to_o ourselves_o or_o other_o and_o also_o in_o prayer_n a_o deprecation_n of_o evil_n feel_v or_o fear_v 3._o a_o grateful_a acknowledgement_n of_o mercy_n receive_v benefit_n confer_v and_o deliverance_n vouchsafe_v imply_v say_v he_o that_o no_o prayer_n be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n without_o this_o ingredient_n of_o thankful_a resentment_n of_o his_o favour_n nor_o can_v i_o think_v that_o any_o gracious_a soul_n do_v ever_o leave_v out_o this_o sweet_a and_o great_a part_n of_o prayer_n when_o he_o be_v at_o the_o throne_n of_o grace_n viz._n praise_v of_o god_n therefore_o this_o the_o apostle_n will_v do_v when_o he_o pray_v but_o observe_v beside_o this_o and_o as_o something_o quite_o distinct_a from_o it_o he_o add_v and_o when_o i_o sing_v i_o will_v sing_v with_o the_o spirit_n etc._n etc._n if_o therefore_o sing_v be_v comprehend_v in_o prayer_n or_o praise_v of_o god_n when_o we_o pray_v unto_o he_o than_o the_o apostle_n use_v as_o great_a and_o palpable_a a_o tautology_n as_o can_v possible_o be_v nay_o and_o leave_v all_o man_n under_o a_o cloud_n and_o mistake_v if_o he_o mean_v nothing_o else_o or_o no_o more_o than_o praise_v of_o god_n in_o prayer_n since_o all_o the_o world_n ever_o understand_v a_o clear_a distinct_a difference_n between_o those_o two_o thing_n viz._n prayer_n or_o praise_v of_o god_n and_o sing_v of_o his_o praise_n for_o though_o all_o right_n sing_v to_o god_n be_v a_o praise_v of_o he_o nay_o and_o in_o the_o higheâ—â—_n manner_n that_o we_o in_o our_o mortal_a body_n be_v capable_a to_o do_v yet_o all_o praising_n of_o god_n be_v not_o sing_v of_o his_o praise_n moreover_o the_o difference_n there_o between_o prayer_n etc._n etc._n and_o sing_v 〈◊〉_d clear_o hint_v by_o the_o apostle_n james_n where_o he_o exhort_v those_o in_o affliction_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n to_o pray_v james_n 5._o 13._o be_v any_o afflict_v let_v he_o pray_v and_o be_v any_o merry_a let_v they_o sing_v psalm_n certain_o he_o will_v the_o afflict_a to_o praise_n god_n as_o well_o as_o to_o pray_v unto_o he_o but_o to_o such_o who_o be_v merry_a or_o who_o heart_n be_v great_o lift_v up_o or_o affect_v with_o the_o love_n mercy_n and_o goodness_n of_o god_n why_o then_o and_o upon_o such_o occasion_n to_o sing_v yeâ—_n to_o sing_v psalm_n in_o which_o word_n by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v worth_a note_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o apostle_n stir_v up_o christian_n to_o perform_v these_o duty_n more_o than_o in_o a_o ordinary_a manner_n at_o suchâ—_n time_n and_o occasion_n for_o it_o be_v a_o man_n duty_n to_o pray_v whether_o he_o be_v afflict_v or_o no_o and_o so_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v a_o man_n duty_n to_o sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n whether_o he_o have_v such_o a_o extraordinary_a cause_n and_o special_a frame_n of_o spirit_n upon_o he_o or_o not_o four_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o conceive_v of_o sing_v or_o to_o know_v what_o it_o be_v if_o we_o consider_v how_o it_o differ_v from_o mere_a rejoice_n in_o the_o lord_n for_o a_o man_n may_v rejoice_v in_o spirit_n when_o he_o do_v not_o signify_v
less_o of_o all_o the_o member_n etc._n etc._n so_o 〈◊〉_d can_v be_v suppose_v that_o all_o the_o minister_a brethren_n have_v the_o gift_n of_o sing_v or_o 〈…〉_z be_v any_o distinction_n of_o its_o universality_n in_o delivery_n more_o than_o of_o other_o gift_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d text_n beside_o the_o context_n speak_v of_o single_a person_n that_o must_v exercise_v in_o the_o church_n 〈◊〉_d therefore_o those_o word_n every_o one_o of_o you_o 〈◊〉_d mean_v all_o etc._n etc._n answ_n first_o of_o all_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n how_o you_o contradict_v yourself_o in_o ephes_n 5._o 19_o you_o will_v have_v the_o apostle_n by_o teach_v and_o sing_v to_o mean_v only_o a_o silent_a speak_v in_o their_o heart_n without_o a_o voice_n but_o in_o col._n 3._o 16._o you_o confess_v that_o intend_v a_o vocal_a sing_v do_v you_o think_v any_o man_n who_o have_v the_o least_o light_n or_o knowledge_n in_o the_o scripture_n can_v ground_o suppose_v that_o the_o apostle_n do_v in_o ephes_n 5._o 19_o in_o these_o word_n speak_v to_o yourselves_o in_o psalm_n hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n sing_v and_o make_v of_o melody_n in_o your_o heart_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o in_o col._n 3._o 16._o in_o these_o word_n teach_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n sing_v with_o grace_n in_o your_o heart_n to_o the_o lord_n mean_v two_o different_a thing_n sure_o there_o be_v not_o one_o man_n to_o be_v find_v of_o your_o opinion_n for_o all_o general_o with_o one_o mouth_n affirm_v the_o apostle_n in_o write_v to_o these_o two_o church_n intend_v the_o one_o and_o the_o same_o practice_n nor_o be_v â—here_o any_o thing_n say_v by_o you_o to_o convince_v we_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o though_o the_o duty_n seem_v to_o be_v â—id_v down_o in_o different_a word_n yet_o it_o imply_v the_o same_o thing_n speak_v to_o yourselves_o and_o teach_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o be_v of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d import_v on_o this_o occasion_n as_o express_v here_o for_o the_o speak_v be_v in_o sing_v and_o so_o be_v the_o teach_v and_o admonish_v as_o the_o close_a of_o the_o text_n open_v it_o to_o every_o understanding_n man._n 2._o it_o be_v observable_a how_o you_o seem_v to_o confound_v this_o great_a duty_n enjoin_v in_o ordinary_a worship_n on_o these_o two_o church_n with_o the_o exercise_n of_o those_o extraordinary_a gift_n mention_v 1_o cor._n 14._o 26._o which_o hereafter_o i_o purpose_v to_o explain_v and_o show_v the_o purport_n or_o main_a drift_n of_o the_o spirit_n in_o that_o place_n in_o 1_o cor._n 14_o etc._n etc._n if_o any_o man_n do_v sing_v in_o a_o unknown_a tongue_n alone_o it_o be_v because_o other_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o sing_v with_o he_o and_o he_o from_o thence_o be_v not_o to_o use_v such_o a_o gift_n in_o the_o church_n unless_o there_o be_v a_o interpreter_n to_o give_v forth_o that_o psalm_n or_o hymn_n that_o so_o all_o may_v sing_v with_o he_o and_o be_v edify_v in_o that_o ordinance_n as_o in_o other_o 3._o in_o the_o three_o place_n which_o be_v yet_o worst_a of_o all_o you_o will_v have_v this_o of_o teach_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n sing_v with_o grace_n in_o your_o heart_n to_o refer_v to_o that_o heb._n 3._o 13._o which_o you_o apply_v to_o such_o who_o have_v the_o gift_n to_o preach_v ministerial_o and_o to_o sing_v too_o by_o the_o say_a gift_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v not_o have_v have_v you_o to_o affirm_v the_o apostle_n mean_v by_o teach_v and_o admonish_v here_o in_o this_o place_n to_o be_v preach_v according_a to_o that_o in_o your_o sense_n you_o refer_v to_o in_o cite_v heb._n 3._o 13._o now_o as_o to_o the_o first_o part_n of_o your_o assertion_n have_v you_o read_v reverend_a mr._n cotton_n it_o may_v have_v remove_v this_o mistake_n and_o so_o prevent_v your_o pain_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o such_o a_o exposition_n of_o the_o text_n i_o find_v he_o answer_v a_o objection_n that_o direct_o include_v part_n of_o you_o in_o these_o word_n follow_v object_n the_o apostle_n to_o the_o ephesian_n and_o colossian_n do_v not_o say_v sing_v one_o to_o another_o in_o psalm_n but_o speak_v or_o preach_v one_o to_o another_o or_o in_o other_o word_n teach_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o the_o psalm_n dwell_v in_o their_o heart_n they_o be_v to_o dispose_v they_o in_o a_o way_n of_o teach_v and_o admonish_v but_o as_o for_o sing_v he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o that_o until_o he_o come_v to_o teach_v they_o the_o manner_n of_o dispense_n the_o word_n of_o christ_n unto_o god_n in_o one_o verse_n and_o then_o indeed_o he_o teach_v they_o to_o sing_v in_o the_o spirit_n make_v melody_n with_o grace_n in_o the_o heart_n if_o i_o do_v not_o mistake_v you_o this_o objection_n contain_v part_n of_o what_o you_o say_v and_o pray_v take_v his_o answer_n i_o do_v not_o doubt_v but_o he_o give_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o place_n answ_n such_o as_o tremble_v at_o the_o word_n say_v he_o as_o the_o framer_n of_o this_o objection_n profess_v himself_o to_o do_v they_o shall_v rather_o bow_v their_o judgement_n and_o practice_n to_o scripture-language_n than_o bow_v the_o sense_n of_o scripture_n to_o their_o own_o conception_n against_o the_o language_n of_o scripture_n it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v one_o to_o another_o in_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n as_o be_v do_v in_o sing_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o preach_v and_o teach_v one_o another_o out_o of_o the_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n it_o be_v true_a they_o be_v to_o teach_v and_o admonish_v one_o another_o out_o of_o the_o psalm_n and_o the_o scope_n of_o paul_n will_v teach_v that_o but_o if_o paul_n have_v mean_v that_o to_o wit_n that_o they_o shall_v teach_v and_o preach_v one_o to_o another_o out_o of_o the_o psalm_n he_o will_v not_o have_v say_v speak_v you_o one_o to_o another_o in_o psalm_n or_o with_o psalm_n but_o out_o of_o the_o psalm_n for_o such_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o express_v this_o duty_n paul_n be_v say_v to_o have_v expound_v and_o testify_v and_o persuade_v the_o jew_n out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n and_o out_o of_o the_o prophet_n act_n 28._o 23._o so_o philip_n be_v say_v to_o do_v begin_v to_o preach_v to_o the_o eunuch_n from_o that_o scripture_n in_o isaiah_n act._n 8._o 35._o thus_o mr._n cotton_n it_o be_v evident_a my_o brother_n that_o paul_n be_v not_o a_o speak_v here_o to_o minister_n but_o to_o the_o whole_a church_n and_o he_o be_v not_o a_o lay_n down_o direction_n to_o gift_a brethren_n how_o they_o shall_v preach_v and_o exhort_v one_o another_o that_o way_n as_o sometime_o he_o do_v much_o less_o about_o the_o exercise_n of_o extraordinary_a gift_n but_o it_o be_v to_o enjoin_v and_o exhort_v the_o church_n to_o sing_v psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n how_o also_o they_o shall_v perform_v this_o duty_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o their_o own_o comfort_n in_o ordinary_a gospel-administration_n dr._n roberts_n in_o his_o key_n to_o the_o bible_n pag._n 176._o say_v on_o these_o word_n to_o this_o purpose_n but_o christian_n shall_v be_v fill_v with_o the_o spirit_n not_o fill_v with_o wine_n but_o with_o the_o spirit_n and_o speak_v one_o to_o another_o in_o psalm_n 〈◊〉_d hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n etc._n etc._n thus_o rejoice_v with_o heavenly_a melody_n in_o your_o heart_n to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o latter_a word_n in_o both_o place_n eph._n 5._o 19_o col._n 3._o 16._o be_v say_v he_o exegetical_a to_o those_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o verse_n explain_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o speak_v teach_v and_o admonish_v viz._n thus_o edify_v one_o another_o in_o sing_v psalm_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a way_n of_o speak_v to_o themselves_o and_o to_o one_o another_o when_o christian_n sing_v psalm_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o say_v he_o that_o speak_v to_o themselves_o and_o teach_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n be_v 〈…〉_z sing_v as_o to_o sing_v with_o a_o vocal_a voice_n you_o have_v grant_v it_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o col._n 3._o 16._o which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o desire_v what_o you_o hint_n or_o imagine_v of_o one_o sing_v alone_o have_v be_v full_o answer_v that_o never_o have_v be_v the_o practice_n of_o god_n people_n in_o god_n ordinary_a worship_n neither_o in_o the_o old_a or_o new_a testament_n and_o as_o touch_v sing_v by_o a_o extraordinary_a gift_n more_o of_o that_o anon_o and_o say_v mr._n sidenham_n many_o think_v there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o use_n of_o sing_v as_o
thing_n you_o call_v essence_n a_o heart-service_n only_o without_o the_o bodily_a organ_n and_o render_v yourself_o to_o be_v but_o little_o better_a in_o your_o so_o do_v than_o a_o mere_a enthusiast_n and_o whilst_o you_o plead_v for_o spiritual_a worship_n and_o cry_v down_o all_o form_n you_o seem_v to_o overthrow_v all_o external_a act_n of_o religion_n by_o intimate_v that_o because_o the_o heart_n 〈◊〉_d perform_v one_o duty_n at_o some_o season_n acceptable_o to_o god_n viz._n prayer_n without_o the_o bodily_a organ_n why_o may_v not_o the_o spirit_n or_o heart_n perform_v sing_v too_o say_v you_o and_o why_o not_o say_v i_o preach_v the_o word_n baptism_n and_o break_v of_o bread_n also_o the_o quaker_n have_v not_o only_o get_v a_o spiritual_a or_o heart-baptism_n and_o a_o spiritual_a or_o heart-breaking_a of_o bread_n but_o a_o assemble_v together_o for_o heart-preaching_a also_o and_o what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o essence_n of_o these_o duty_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n and_o how_o it_o be_v the_o heart_n or_o spirit_n only_o in_o duty_n and_o ordinance_n that_o god_n look_v at_o and_o from_o hence_o seek_v to_o make_v void_a sing_v with_o the_o voice_n it_o do_v as_o all_o man_n may_v see_v strike_v through_o the_o loin_n of_o all_o external_n act_n of_o divine_a worship_n as_o before_o show_v for_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n the_o essence_n of_o preach_v and_o every_o other_o external_n duty_n may_v as_o well_o be_v say_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o spirit_n as_o this_o of_o sing_v psalm_n and_o hymn_n etc._n etc._n beside_o since_o god_n be_v so_o much_o please_v as_o you_o intimate_v with_o the_o bare_a internal_a worship_n of_o the_o heart_n without_o the_o bodily_a organ_n and_o with_o prayer_n particular_o why_o do_v you_o not_o excuse_v the_o tongue_n from_o that_o service_n likewise_o and_o say_v that_o external_n expression_n in_o prayer_n or_o praise_v god_n with_o the_o tongue_n be_v a_o low_a formal_a thing_n and_o to_o be_v reject_v but_o i_o can_v but_o smile_v at_o one_o of_o your_o first_o expression_n you_o say_v very_o right_a we_o be_v a_o intelâ—gible_a sort_n of_o sing_v but_o that_o which_o you_o â—lead_v for_o be_v such_o that_o no_o body_n can_v tell_v what_o to_o â—ake_v of_o besure_n it_o be_v no_o sing_v at_o all_o as_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n i_o have_v prove_v i_o mean_v that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o essence_n or_o be_v of_o sing_v in_o the_o heart_n or_o inward_a joy_n brother_n i_o have_v show_v you_o that_o sing_v and_o preach_v etc._n etc._n be_v ordinance_n of_o a_o different_a nature_n to_o that_o of_o prayer_n prayer_n may_v be_v perform_v in_o the_o heart_n without_o the_o tongue_n but_o there_o be_v no_o proper_a sing_v or_o preach_v without_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o therefore_o all_o your_o whole_a fabric_n be_v overturn_v with_o one_o blast_n for_o this_o error_n of_o you_o be_v like_o that_o of_o the_o first_o concoction_n if_o you_o have_v get_v no_o other_o proper_a sing_n of_o psalm_n than_o what_o we_o plead_v for_o and_o practice_v nor_o no_o other_o can_v be_v find_v warrant_v in_o god_n word_n then_o 〈◊〉_d must_v be_v the_o true_a and_o right_a ordinance_n and_o manner_n of_o performance_n of_o it_o likewise_o let_v man_n but_o destroy_v the_o practice_n of_o a_o ordinance_n as_o it_o be_v by_o so_o many_o practise_v and_o have_v be_v from_o the_o beginning_n and_o as_o we_o conceive_v and_o believe_v in_o a_o right_a manner_n unless_o they_o have_v another_o form_n to_o present_v to_o our_o sight_n that_o we_o may_v have_v time_n to_o compare_v they_o with_o god_n word_n to_o see_v which_o may_v be_v near_a the_o rule_n in_o our_o judgement_n they_o do_v nothing_o but_o perplex_v the_o world_n as_o well_o as_o we_o you_o have_v present_v we_o with_o one_o i_o must_v confess_v which_o only_o have_v that_o name_n give_v to_o it_o by_o yourself_o but_o it_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n i._n e._n it_o be_v no_o proper_a sing_v at_o all_o you_o talk_v of_o the_o essence_n of_o sin_n in_o the_o heart_n as_o well_o as_o the_o essence_n of_o duty_n be_v in_o the_o heart_n or_o spirit_n what_o do_v you_o mean_v can_v sin_n be_v no_o where_o but_o in_o the_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v there_o or_o can_v a_o thing_n be_v where_o its_o be_v or_o essence_n be_v not_o there_o may_v be_v much_o evil_n in_o the_o eye_n we_o read_v of_o eye_n full_a of_o adultery_n nay_o and_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o the_o essence_n or_o be_v of_o sin_n be_v in_o the_o tongue_n likewise_o pray_v see_v what_o the_o apostle_n james_n say_v in_o the_o tongue_n 〈◊〉_d a_o fire_n a_o world_n of_o iniquity_n so_o be_v the_o tongue_n among_o our_o member_n that_o it_o defile_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n of_o hell_n jam._n 3._o 6._o certain_o the_o essence_n of_o sin_n be_v in_o the_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o heart_n or_o you_o be_v out_o in_o your_o term_n and_o the_o essence_n of_o sing_v some_o will_v tell_v you_o be_v whole_o in_o the_o tongue_n and_o now_o since_o the_o tongue_n do_v thus_o dishonour_n god_n by_o the_o way_n let_v i_o tell_v you_o there_o be_v great_a reason_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v idle_a but_o be_v employ_v to_o praise_v and_o sing_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n if_o by_o essence_n of_o sin_n you_o mean_v the_o rise_n spring_n or_o fountain_n of_o sin_n i_o say_v you_o speak_v truth_n and_o good_a sense_n too_o for_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o heart_n that_o proceed_v fornication_n etc._n etc._n yet_o some_o sin_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o proper_a essence_n or_o be_v in_o the_o life_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o heart_n and_o may_v rise_v from_o a_o temptation_n from_o without_o also_o we_o will_v grant_v you_o likewise_o that_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n of_o most_o action_n all_o our_o duty_n must_v spring_v or_o flow_v from_o thence_o i._n e._n the_o heart_n by_o god_n spirit_n must_v stir_v we_o up_o to_o do_v they_o 〈◊〉_d do_v it_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o many_o of_o 〈◊〉_d duty_n can_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o heart_n or_o spirit_n without_o the_o tongue_n sure_o you_o will_v say_v 〈◊〉_d man_n can_v preach_v though_o the_o matter_n be_v 〈◊〉_d his_o mind_n or_o head_n etc._n etc._n no_o more_o say_v 〈◊〉_d can_v they_o in_o a_o proper_a sense_n be_v say_v to_o sing_v psalm_n etc._n etc._n only_o one_o word_n more_o and_o i_o 〈◊〉_d do_v with_o this_o in_o pag._n 9_o you_o speak_v of_o 〈◊〉_d field_n rejoice_v and_o sing_v we_o have_v â—ewed_v you_o that_o there_o be_v a_o improper_a or_o metaphorical_a sing_v mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n 〈◊〉_d so_o that_o scripture_n and_o some_o other_o place_n be_v to_o be_v take_v and_o know_v that_o your_o sing_n be_v no_o 〈◊〉_d a_o proper_a singing_n than_o abel_n blood_n which_o be_v say_v to_o speak_v be_v a_o proper_a speak_v as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n be_v fore_o ii_o of_o david_n psalm_n 1._o you_o say_v there_o be_v no_o institution_n of_o sing_v before_o david_n time_n answ_n we_o have_v prove_v sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n be_v a_o part_n of_o natural_a religion_n and_o so_o a_o moral_a duty_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n as_o prayer_n be_v and_o that_o the_o heathen_a sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n for_o his_o goodness_n in_o creation_n that_o haâ—e_v no_o write_a word_n and_o what_o be_v this_o then_o to_o the_o purpose_n if_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o sing_v be_v not_o bring_v under_o a_o institution_n till_o david_n time_n as_o touch_v what_o you_o say_v about_o the_o israelite_n in_o the_o wilderness_n how_o in_o trouble_n they_o do_v not_o sing_v it_o be_v more_o than_o you_o know_v for_o i_o think_v you_o will_v find_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o wilderness_n when_o moses_n and_o the_o congregation_n sing_v exod._n 15._o however_o our_o lord_n jesus_n and_o his_o disciple_n sing_v when_o it_o be_v a_o sad_a wildernessâ—time_n with_o they_o it_o be_v just_a the_o night_n before_o our_o bless_a saviour_n be_v betray_v and_o paul_n and_o silas_n sing_v in_o the_o wilderness_n of_o a_o prison_n and_o though_o the_o saint_n be_v always_o sorrowful_a yet_o they_o be_v require_v evermore_o to_o rejoice_v all_o outward_a comfort_n of_o this_o world_n be_v not_o 〈◊〉_d thousand_o part_v such_o cause_n of_o joy_n and_o singing_n as_o our_o spiritual_a deliverance_n and_o salvation_n by_o christ_n be_v do_v you_o think_v that_o outward_a blessing_n here_o will_v better_o tend_v to_o tune_v our_o spirit_n and_o tongue_n to_o sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n than_o the_o love_n
chapter_n take_v what_o worthy_a mr._n wells_n mind_v in_o his_o late_a sermon_n about_o suâ—â—_n who_o neglect_v this_o ordinance_n either_o about_o endless_a scruple_n or_o objection_n concern_v the_o matter_n or_o manner_n of_o sing_v let_v we_o say_v he_o not_o disturb_v ourselves_o with_o these_o groundless_a objection_n but_o let_v we_o pursue_v and_o embrace_v this_o holy_a duty_n which_o be_v the_o very_a suburb_n of_o heaven_n and_o observe_v what_o a_o reverend_a person_n note_n upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o observe_v say_v he_o they_o never_o thrive_v well_o who_o neglect_n or_o scruple_n sing_v of_o psalm_n they_o common_o begin_v at_o this_o omission_n but_o they_o do_v not_o end_v there_o but_o at_o last_o come_v to_o be_v above_o all_o ordinance_n and_o so_o indeed_o without_o they_o who_o condition_n be_v not_o sufficient_o to_o be_v deplore_v suppl_n to_o morning_n exercis_o p._n 189._o to_o which_o let_v i_o add_v my_o thought_n without_o offence_n i_o be_o persuade_v for_o several_a reason_n since_o this_o be_v so_o clear_a a_o ordinance_n in_o god_n word_n that_o the_o baptise_a church_n who_o lie_v short_a of_o the_o practice_n of_o sing_v psalm_n etc._n etc._n will_v never_o thrive_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o our_o soul_n long_o to_o see_v they_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o holy_a god_n and_o credit_n of_o our_o sacred_a profession_n and_o joy_n and_o comfort_n of_o those_o who_o be_v true_o spiritual_a among_o we_o for_o though_o many_o thing_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o sad_a withering_n have_v be_v inquire_v into_o yet_o i_o fear_v this_o and_o the_o neglect_n of_o the_o ministry_n be_v the_o two_o chief_a which_o be_v both_o holy_a ordinance_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o yet_o our_o people_n that_o be_v some_o of_o they_o do_v not_o love_v to_o hear_v of_o either_o of_o they_o chap._n fourteen_o show_v who_o ought_v to_o sing_v psalm_n hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n whether_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o public_a congregation_n and_o in_o a_o mix_a assembly_n or_o no._n it_o be_v strange_a that_o any_o shall_v doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o church_n to_o sing_v as_o well_o as_o private_a family_n or_o person_n since_o our_o bless_a saviour_n with_o his_o eleven_o disciple_n upon_o the_o close_n of_o the_o holy_a supper_n sing_v together_o a_o hymn_n in_o that_o solemn_a assembly_n if_o we_o may_v not_o ought_v not_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o sing_v a_o hymn_n from_o thence_o what_o ground_n be_v there_o to_o break_v bread_n in_o our_o public_a assembly_n from_o that_o example_n this_o be_v the_o institution_n of_o that_o ordinance_n and_o as_o he_o take_v bread_n and_o bless_v it_o and_o take_v the_o cup_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n etc._n etc._n so_o it_o be_v say_v when_o they_o have_v do_v they_o sing_v a_o hymn_n and_o go_v out_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v observable_a it_o be_v not_o say_v do_v this_o in_o your_o public_a assembly_n and_o therefore_o some_o may_v say_v we_o will_v break_v bread_n or_o celebrate_v that_o ordinance_n in_o our_o own_o private_a family_n in_o a_o upper_a chamber_n as_o christ_n and_o his_o disciply_v do_v and_o sing_v a_o hymn_n when_o we_o have_v do_v and_o so_o exclude_v public_a assembly_n for_o that_o part_n of_o god_n worship_n but_o to_o proceed_v we_o read_v as_o i_o have_v again_o and_o again_o show_v you_o that_o the_o apostle_n injoin_v sing_v on_o the_o church_n ephes_n 5._o 19_o col._n 3._o 16._o object_n but_o he_o do_v not_o bid_v the_o whole_a church_n to_o sing_v etc._n etc._n answ_n the_o apostle_n injoin_v the_o lord's-supper_n on_o the_o church_n of_o the_o corinthian_n 1_o cor._n 11._o 23_o 24._o but_o some_o may_v say_v he_o do_v not_o bid_v every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o break_v bread_n how_o do_v it_o follow_v every_o member_n ought_v so_o to_o do_v there_o will_v be_v no_o end_n of_o such_o objection_n but_o by_o this_o rule_n any_o precept_n enjoin_v on_o the_o church_n may_v be_v restrain_v to_o a_o few_o person_n only_o and_o so_o it_o will_v open_v a_o door_n to_o man_n to_o excuse_v themselves_o from_o be_v concern_v in_o other_o part_n of_o gospel-duty_n and_o worship_n therefore_o where_o a_o duty_n be_v enjoin_v by_o the_o holy_a spirit_n on_o the_o church_n without_o the_o least_o hint_n or_o intimation_n that_o it_o concern_v only_o some_o of_o they_o nay_o and_o a_o ordinance_n in_o which_o there_o be_v the_o same_o parity_n of_o reason_n why_o one_o shall_v be_v find_v in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o another_o that_o duty_n concern_v the_o whole_a church_n or_o every_o member_n but_o it_o be_v so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o sing_v of_o psalm_n hymn_n and_o spiritual_a song_n pray_v what_o ground_n have_v one_o man_n to_o sing_v from_o hence_o more_o than_o another_o be_v not_o all_o equal_o concern_v to_o praise_n god_n nay_o and_o have_v receive_v equal_a mercy_n blessing_n and_o privilege_n to_o sing_v his_o praise_n since_o it_o be_v require_v of_o all_o without_o the_o least_o exemption_n of_o any_o one_o object_n but_o what_o ground_n be_v there_o to_o sing_v thus_o in_o the_o church_n before_o or_o after_o sermon_n answ_n 1._o as_o much_o sure_o as_o there_o be_v to_o pray_v before_o or_o after_o sermon_n nay_o it_o be_v evident_a if_o we_o do_v not_o take_v our_o rule_n to_o pray_v before_o and_o after_o sermon_n from_o those_o general_a precept_n that_o enjoin_v prayer_n than_o i_o do_v declare_v i_o know_v no_o rule_n at_o all_o for_o it_o in_o all_o the_o new_a testament_n for_o we_o have_v neither_o precept_n nor_o example_n in_o the_o case_n but_o where_o we_o read_v of_o duty_n that_o concern_v only_o some_o person_n and_o not_o the_o whole_a church_n the_o holy_a ghost_n mention_n the_o person_n 1._o either_o by_o their_o relation_n they_o stand_v in_o one_o to_o another_o or_o 2._o else_o by_o their_o condition_n in_o the_o world_n or_o 3._o by_o their_o office_n or_o place_n they_o stand_v in_o as_o there_o be_v particular_a duty_n that_o concern_v parent_n child_n master_n servant_n minister_n member_n also_o king_n subject_n rich_a man_n poor_a man_n man_n in_o adversity_n or_o man_n in_o prosperity_n all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o men._n but_o here_o this_o duty_n come_v under_o no_o such_o particular_a consideration_n but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o all_o to_o hear_v god_n word_n and_o to_o pray_v with_o unite_a heart_n so_o to_o sing_v together_o with_o unite_a voice_n there_o be_v no_o other_o manner_n or_o way_n prescribe_v as_o i_o have_v show_v for_o the_o discharge_n of_o that_o duty_n or_o ordinance_n of_o god_n but_o i_o will_v fain_o be_v resolve_v by_o my_o brethren_n or_o any_o other_o what_o ordinance_n of_o god_n or_o duty_n it_o be_v that_o appertain_v to_o his_o worship_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v perform_v in_o private_a that_o may_v not_o be_v perform_v in_o public_a take_v what_o famous_a mr._n cotton_n of_o new-england_n speak_v as_o to_o the_o answer_n of_o this_o objection_n it_o be_v thus_o state_v by_o he_o viz._n object_n scarce_o any_o example_n can_v be_v give_v of_o any_o entire_a congregation_n that_o sing_v together_o mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n answ_n though_o no_o example_n can_v be_v give_v for_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a warrant_n for_o the_o duty_n if_o there_o be_v a_o precept_n and_o say_v he_o the_o precept_n be_v plain_a col._n 3._o 16._o where_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o coloss_n be_v exhort_v to_o have_v the_o word_n of_o christ_n dwell_v in_o they_o rich_o and_o to_o admonish_v one_o another_o in_o psalm_n etc._n etc._n to_o sing_v with_o grace_n or_o holy_a melody_n to_o the_o lord_n if_o god_n say_v he_o have_v reserve_v this_o duty_n to_o some_o select_a chorister_n he_o will_v have_v give_v some_o direction_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n for_o their_o qualification_n and_o election_n but_o since_o he_o speak_v nothing_o of_o any_o such_o etc._n etc._n he_o command_v this_o duty_n to_o the_o whole_a church_n two_o the_o practice_n of_o god_n israel_n of_o old_a i._n e._n moses_n and_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n be_v a_o further_a solution_n to_o this_o objection_n for_o there_o be_v a_o example_n of_o sing_v together_o and_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v a_o mix_a multitude_n with_o they_o too_o be_v evident_a who_o no_o doubt_n sing_v with_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o like_a mercy_n they_o do_v see_v exod._n 12._o 38._o in_o the_o manuscript_n i_o have_v by_o i_o before_o cite_v which_o seem_v to_o be_v write_v by_o a_o man_n of_o part_n and_o good_a ability_n who_o speak_v to_o this_o objection_n say_v much_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n first_o that_o we_o have_v a_o precept_n which_o be_v more_o than_o a_o precedent_n