Selected quad for the lemma: duty_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
duty_n	abandon_v	injustice_n	renounce_v	12	3	10.6054	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43998	Leviathan, or, The matter, forme, and power of a common wealth, ecclesiasticall and civil by Thomas Hobbes ...; Leviathan	Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.	1651 (1651)	Wing H2246; ESTC R17253	438,804	412

alteri_fw-la ne_fw-la feceris_fw-la to_o lay_v down_o a_o man_n right_a to_o any_o thing_n be_v to_o divest_v himself_o of_o right_n the_o liberty_n of_o hinder_v another_o of_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o own_o right_n to_o the_o same_o for_o he_o that_o renounce_v or_o pass_v away_o his_o right_n give_v not_o to_o any_o other_o man_n a_o right_n which_o he_o have_v not_o before_o because_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o which_o every_o man_n have_v not_o right_o by_o nature_n but_o only_o stand_v out_o of_o his_o way_n that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v his_o own_o original_a right_n without_o hindrance_n from_o he_o not_o without_o hindrance_n from_o another_o so_o that_o the_o efect_n which_o redound_v to_o one_o man_n by_o another_o man_n defect_n of_o right_n be_v but_o so_o much_o diminution_n of_o impediment_n to_o the_o use_n of_o his_o own_o right_a original_n right_n be_v lay_v aside_o either_o by_o simple_o renounce_v it_o or_o by_o transfer_v be_v it_o to_o another_o by_o simple_o renounce_v when_o he_o care_v not_o to_o who_o the_o benefit_n thereof_o redound_v by_o transfer_v what_o when_o he_o intend_v the_o benefit_n thereof_o to_o some_o certain_a person_n or_o person_n and_o when_o a_o man_n have_v in_o either_o manner_n abandon_v or_o grant_v away_o his_o right_n then_o be_v he_o say_v to_o be_v oblige_v or_o bind_v not_o to_o obligation_n hinder_v those_o to_o who_o such_o right_n be_v grant_v or_o abandon_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o it_o and_o that_o he_o ought_v and_o it_o be_v his_o duty_n not_o to_o make_v duty_n void_a that_o voluntary_a act_n of_o his_o own_o and_o that_o such_o hindrance_n be_v injustice_n and_o injury_n as_o be_v sine_fw-la jure_fw-la the_o right_o be_v before_o injustice_n renounce_v or_o transfer_v so_o that_o injury_n or_o injustice_n in_o the_o controversy_n of_o the_o world_n be_v somewhat_o like_a to_o that_o which_o in_o the_o disputation_n of_o scholar_n be_v call_v absurdity_n for_o as_o it_o be_v there_o call_v a_o absurdity_n to_o contradict_v what_o one_o maintain_v in_o the_o beginning_n so_o in_o the_o world_n it_o be_v call_v injustice_n and_o injury_n voluntary_o to_o undo_v that_o which_o from_o the_o beginning_n he_o have_v voluntary_o do_v the_o way_n by_o which_o a_o man_n either_o simple_o renounce_v or_o transfer_v his_o right_n be_v a_o declaration_n or_o signification_n by_o some_o voluntary_a and_o sufficient_a sign_n or_o sign_n that_o he_o do_v so_o renounce_v or_o transfer_v or_o have_v so_o renounce_v or_o transfer_v the_o same_o to_o he_o that_o accept_v it_o and_o these_o sign_n be_v either_o word_n only_o or_o action_n only_o or_o as_o it_o happen_v most_o often_o both_o word_n and_o action_n and_o the_o same_o be_v the_o bond_n by_o which_o man_n be_v bind_v and_o oblige_v bond_n that_o have_v their_o strength_n not_o from_o their_o own_o nature_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o easy_o break_v then_o a_o man_n word_n but_o from_o fear_n of_o some_o evil_a consequence_n upon_o the_o rupture_n whensoever_o a_o man_n transfer_v his_o right_n or_o renounce_v it_o it_o alienable_a be_v either_o in_o consideration_n of_o some_o right_n reciprocal_o transfer_v to_o himself_o or_o for_o some_o other_o good_a he_o hope_v for_o thereby_o for_o it_o be_v a_o voluntary_a act_n and_o of_o the_o voluntary_a act_n of_o every_o man_n the_o object_n be_v some_o good_a to_o himself_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v some_o right_n which_o no_o man_n can_v be_v understand_v by_o any_o word_n or_o other_o sign_n to_o have_v abandon_v or_o transfer_v as_o first_o a_o man_n can_v lay_v down_o the_o right_n of_o resist_v they_o that_o assault_n he_o by_o force_n to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n because_o he_o can_v be_v understand_v to_o aim_v thereby_o at_o any_o good_a to_o himself_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o wound_n and_o chain_n and_o imprisonment_n both_o because_o there_o be_v no_o benefit_n consequent_a to_o such_o patience_n as_o there_o be_v to_o the_o patience_n of_o suffer_v another_o to_o be_v wound_v or_o imprison_v as_o also_o because_o a_o man_n can_v tell_v when_o he_o see_v man_n proceed_v against_o he_o by_o violence_n whether_o they_o intend_v his_o death_n or_o not_o and_o last_o the_o motive_n and_o end_n for_o which_o this_o renounce_n and_o transfer_v of_o right_n be_v introduce_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o security_n of_o a_o man_n person_n in_o his_o life_n and_o in_o the_o mean_n of_o so_o preserve_v life_n as_o not_o to_o be_v weary_a of_o it_o and_o therefore_o if_o a_o man_n by_o word_n or_o other_o sign_n seem_v to_o despoil_v himself_o of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o those_o sign_n be_v intend_v he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o he_o mean_v it_o or_o that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n but_o that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o how_o such_o word_n and_o action_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v the_o mutual_a transfer_v of_o right_a be_v that_o which_o man_n call_v contract_n what_o there_o be_v difference_n between_o transfer_v of_o right_a to_o the_o thing_n and_o transfer_v or_o tradition_n that_o be_v delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v deliver_v together_o with_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o right_n as_o in_o buy_v and_o sell_v with_o ready_a money_n or_o exchange_n of_o good_n or_o land_n and_o it_o may_v be_v deliver_v some_o time_n after_o again_o one_o of_o the_o contractor_n may_v deliver_v the_o thing_n contract_v for_o on_o his_o part_n and_o leave_v the_o other_o to_o perform_v his_o part_n at_o some_o determinate_a time_n after_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v trust_v and_o then_o the_o contract_n on_o his_o part_n be_v call_v pact_n or_o covenant_n or_o both_o part_n what_o may_v contract_v now_o to_o perform_v hereafter_o in_o which_o case_n he_o that_o be_v to_o perform_v in_o time_n to_o come_v be_v trust_v his_o performance_n be_v call_v keep_v of_o promise_n or_o faith_n and_o the_o fail_v of_o performance_n if_o it_o be_v voluntary_a violation_n of_o faith_n when_o the_o transfer_v of_o right_a be_v not_o mutual_a but_o one_o of_o the_o party_n transfer_v in_o hope_n to_o gain_v thereby_o friendship_n or_o service_n from_o another_o or_o from_o his_o friend_n or_o in_o hope_n to_o gain_v the_o reputation_n of_o charity_n or_o magnanimity_n or_o to_o deliver_v his_o mind_n from_o the_o pain_n of_o compassion_n or_o in_o hope_n of_o reward_n in_o heaven_n this_o be_v not_o contract_n but_o gift_n free-gift_n grace._n which_o word_n signify_v one_o and_o the_o free-gift_n same_o thing_n sign_n of_o contract_n be_v either_o express_a or_o by_o inference_n express_v express_v be_v word_n speak_v with_o understanding_n of_o what_o they_o signify_v and_o such_o word_n be_v either_o of_o the_o time_n present_v or_o past_a as_o i_o give_v i_o grant_v i_o have_v give_v i_o have_v grant_v i_o will_v that_o this_o be_v you_o or_o of_o the_o future_a as_o i_o will_v give_v i_o will_v grant_v which_o word_n of_o the_o future_a be_v call_v promise_v inference_n sign_n by_o inference_n be_v sometime_o the_o consequence_n of_o word_n sometime_o the_o consequence_n of_o silence_n sometime_o the_o consequence_n of_o action_n sometime_o the_o consequence_n of_o forbear_v a_o action_n and_o general_o a_o sign_n by_o inference_n of_o any_o contract_n be_v whatsoever_o sufficient_o argue_v the_o will_n of_o the_o contractor_n word_n alone_o if_o they_o be_v of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o contain_v a_o bare_a past._n promise_n be_v a_o insufficient_a sign_n of_o a_o free-gift_n and_o therefore_o not_o obligatory_a for_o if_o they_o be_v of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v as_o to_o morrow_n i_o will_v give_v they_o be_v a_o sign_n i_o have_v not_o give_v yet_o and_o consequent_o that_o my_o right_n be_v not_o transfer_v but_o remain_v till_o i_o transfer_v it_o by_o some_o other_o act._n but_o if_o the_o word_n be_v of_o the_o time_n present_v or_o past_a as_o i_o have_v give_v or_o do_v give_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o morrow_n then_o be_v my_o to_o morrow_n right_o give_v away_o to_o day_n and_o that_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o word_n though_o there_o be_v no_o other_o argument_n of_o my_o will_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o these_o word_n volo_fw-la hoc_fw-la tuum_fw-la esse_fw-la cras_fw-la and_o cras_fw-la dabo_fw-la that_o be_v between_z i_o will_v that_o this_o be_v thou_o to_o morrow_n and_o i_o will_v give_v it_o thou_o to_o morrow_n for_o the_o word_n i_o will_v in_o the_o former_a manner_n of_o speech_n signify_v a_o act_n of_o the_o will_v present_v but_o in_o the_o late_a it_o signify_v a_o promise_n of_o a_o act_n of_o the_o will_v to_o come_v and_o therefore_o the_o former_a word_n be_v of_o the_o present_a transfer_v

the_o fundamental_a law_n to_o the_o molestation_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n like_o the_o little_a worm_n which_o physician_n call_v ascaride_n we_o may_v further_o add_v the_o insatiable_a appetite_n or_o bulimia_fw-la of_o enlarge_a dominion_n with_o the_o incurable_a wound_n thereby_o many_o time_n receive_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o wen_n of_o ununited_a conquest_n which_o be_v many_o time_n a_o burden_n and_o with_o less_o danger_n lose_v than_o keep_v as_o also_o the_o lethargy_n of_o ease_n and_o consumption_n of_o riot_n and_o vain_a expense_n last_o when_o in_o a_o war_n foreign_a or_o intestine_a the_o enemy_n get_v a_o commonwealth_n final_a victory_n so_o as_o the_o force_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n keep_v the_o field_n no_o long_o there_o be_v no_o far_a protection_n of_o subject_n in_o their_o loyaly_n then_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n dissolve_v and_o every_o man_n at_o liberty_n to_o protect_v himself_o by_o such_o course_n as_o his_o own_o discretion_n shall_v suggest_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o sovereign_n be_v the_o public_a soul_n give_v life_n and_o motion_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n which_o expire_n the_o member_n be_v govern_v by_o it_o no_o more_o than_o the_o carcase_n of_o a_o man_n by_o his_o depart_v though_o immortal_a soul_n for_o though_o the_o right_n of_o a_o sovereign_a monarch_n can_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o act_n of_o another_o yet_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o member_n may_v for_o he_o that_o want_v protection_n may_v seek_v it_o any_o where_o and_o when_o he_o have_v it_o be_v oblige_v without_o fraudulent_a pretence_n of_o have_v submit_v himself_o out_o of_o fear_n to_o protect_v his_o protection_n as_o long_o as_o he_o be_v able_a but_o when_o the_o power_n of_o a_o assembly_n be_v once_o suppress_v the_o right_a of_o the_o same_o perish_v utter_o because_o the_o assembly_n itself_o be_v extinct_a and_o consequent_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n for_o the_o sovereignty_n to_o re-enter_v chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o sovereign_n representative_a the_o office_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v it_o a_o monarch_n or_o a_o people_n assembly_n consist_v in_o the_o end_n for_o which_o he_o be_v trust_v with_o the_o sovereign_a power_n namely_o the_o procuration_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n to_o which_o he_o be_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o render_v a_o account_n thereof_o to_o god_n the_o author_n of_o that_o law_n and_o to_o none_o but_o he_o but_o by_o safety_n here_o be_v not_o mean_v a_o bare_a preservation_n but_o also_o all_o other_o contentment_n of_o life_n which_o every_o man_n by_o lawful_a industry_n without_o danger_n or_o hurt_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v acquire_v to_o himself_o and_o this_o be_v intend_v shall_v be_v do_v not_o by_o care_n apply_v to_o individuall_n law_n further_o than_o their_o protection_n from_o injury_n when_o they_o shall_v complain_v but_o by_o a_o general_a providence_n contain_v in_o public_a instruction_n both_o of_o doctrine_n and_o example_n and_o in_o the_o make_n and_o execute_v of_o good_a law_n to_o which_o individual_a person_n may_v apply_v their_o own_o case_n and_o because_o if_o the_o essential_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n specify_v sovereignty_n before_o in_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n be_v take_v away_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v thereby_o dissolve_v and_o every_o man_n return_v into_o the_o condition_n and_o calamity_n of_o a_o war_n with_o every_o other_o man_n which_o be_v the_o great_a evil_n that_o can_v happen_v in_o this_o life_n it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o sovereign_n to_o maintain_v those_o right_n entire_a and_o consequent_o against_o his_o duty_n first_o to_o transfer_v to_o another_o or_o to_o lay_v from_o himself_o any_o of_o they_o for_o he_o that_o desert_v the_o mean_n desert_v the_o end_n and_o he_o desert_v the_o mean_n that_o be_v the_o sovereign_n acknowledge_v himself_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o renounce_v the_o power_n of_o supreme_a judicature_n or_o of_o make_v war_n or_o peace_n by_o his_o own_o authority_n or_o of_o judge_v of_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o of_o levy_v money_n and_o soldier_n when_o and_o as_o much_o as_o in_o his_o own_o conscience_n he_o shall_v judge_v necessary_a or_o of_o make_v officer_n and_o minister_n both_o of_o war_n and_o peace_n or_o of_o appoint_v teacher_n and_o examine_v what_o doctrine_n be_v conformable_a or_o contrary_a to_o the_o defence_n peace_n and_o good_a of_o the_o people_n second_o it_o be_v against_o his_o they_o duty_n to_o let_v the_o people_n be_v ignorant_a or_o misinform_v of_o the_o ground_n and_o reason_n of_o those_o his_o essential_a right_n because_o thereby_o man_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v seduce_v and_o draw_v to_o resist_v he_o when_o the_o commonwealth_n shall_v require_v their_o use_n and_o exercise_v and_o the_o ground_n of_o these_o right_n have_v the_o rather_o need_v to_o be_v diligent_o and_o true_o teach_v because_o they_o can_v be_v maintain_v by_o any_o civil_a law_n or_o terror_n of_o legal_a punishment_n for_o a_o civil_a law_n that_o shall_v forbid_v rebellion_n and_o such_o be_v all_o resistance_n to_o the_o essential_a right_n of_o sovereignty_n be_v not_o as_o a_o civil_a law_n any_o obligation_n but_o by_o virtue_n only_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o forbid_v the_o violation_n of_o faith_n which_o natural_a obligation_n if_o man_n know_v not_o they_o can_v know_v the_o right_n of_o any_o law_n the_o sovereign_n make_v and_o for_o the_o punishment_n they_o take_v it_o but_o for_o a_o act_n of_o hostility_n which_o when_o they_o think_v they_o have_v strength_n enough_o they_o will_v endeavour_v by_o act_n of_o hostility_n to_o avoid_v as_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v that_o justice_n be_v but_o a_o word_n without_o substance_n soveraig●…ty_n and_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o man_n can_v by_o force_n or_o art_n acquire_v to_o himself_o not_o only_o in_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n but_o also_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v his_o own_o which_o i_o have_v already_o show_v to_o be_v false_a so_o there_o be_v also_o that_o maintain_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ground_n nor_o principle_n of_o reason_n to_o sustain_v those_o essential_a right_n which_o make_v sovereignty_n absolute_a for_o if_o there_o be_v they_o will_v have_v be_v find_v out_o in_o some_o place_n or_o other_o whereas_o we_o see_v there_o have_v not_o hitherto_o be_v any_o commonwealth_n where_o those_o right_n have_v be_v acknowledge_v or_o challenge_v wherein_o they_o argue_v as_o ill_o as_o if_o the_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n shall_v deny_v there_o be_v any_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o reason_n so_o to_o build_v a_o house_n as_o to_o last_o as_o long_o as_o the_o material_n because_o they_o never_o yet_o see_v any_o so_o well_o build_v time_n and_o industry_n produce_v every_o day_n new_a knowledge_n and_o as_o the_o art_n of_o well_o build_n be_v derive_v from_o principle_n of_o reason_n observe_v by_o industrious_a man_n that_o have_v long_o study_v the_o nature_n of_o material_n and_o the_o divers_a effect_n of_o figure_n and_o proportion_n long_o after_o mankind_n begin_v though_o poor_o to_o build_v so_o long_a time_n after_o man_n have_v begin_v to_o constitute_v commonwealth_n imperfect_a and_o apt_a to_o relapse_n into_o disorder_n there_o may_v principle_n of_o reason_n be_v find_v out_o by_o industrious_a meditation_n to_o make_v their_o constitution_n except_v by_o external_a violence_n everlasting_a and_o such_o be_v those_o which_o i_o have_v in_o this_o discourse_n set_v forth_o which_o whether_o they_o come_v not_o into_o the_o fight_n of_o those_o that_o have_v power_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o or_o be_v neglect_v by_o they_o or_o not_o concern_v my_o particular_a interest_n at_o this_o day_n very_o little_a but_o suppose_v that_o these_o of_o i_o be_v not_o such_o principle_n of_o reason_n yet_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o be_v principle_n from_o authority_n of_o scripture_n as_o i_o shall_v make_v it_o appear_v when_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o god_n administer_v by_o moses_n over_o the_o jew_n his_o peculiar_a people_n by_o covenant_n but_o they_o say_v again_o that_o though_o the_o principle_n be_v right_a yet_o common_a vulgar_a people_n be_v not_o of_o capacity_n enough_o to_o be_v make_v to_o understand_v they_o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a that_o the_o rich_a and_o potent_a subject_n of_o a_o kingdom_n or_o those_o that_o be_v account_v the_o most_o learned_a be_v no_o less_o incapable_a than_o they_o but_o all_o man_n know_v that_o the_o obstruction_n to_o this_o kind_n of_o doctrine_n proceed_v not_o so_o much_o from_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o matter_n as_o from_o the_o interest_n of_o they_o that_o be_v to_o learn_v potent_a man_n digest_v hardly_o any_o thing_n that_o set_v up_o a_o power_n to_o bridle_v their_o affection_n