whereby they are carried as for the interest of the truth to make their Adversaries be thought to be ignorant erroneous or bad and so to make one another seem less amiable to the ruine of Love and the division and danger of the Churches And because Love and Unity are so frequently and vehemently pressed in the Scriptures and Divisions or Schism so much forbidden 16. All these are sinful Schismatical Separations but in very different degrees 1. When the interest of some Heresie or lesser Errour and the disclaiming of some truth doth cause men to separate 2. When they slander a true Ministry as no true Ministry and so separate 3. When they slander a true Church as no true Church 4. When they separate because they accuse true worship to be Idolatry or lawful worship to be unlawful 5. When they falsly accuse the Churches Faith Worship or Order to be defective and to want some necessary part As the Papists do by the Protestants who take up with the Scripture-Religion alone 6. When they accuse some tolerable failing in the Church to be intolerable and such as maketh their Communion unlawful 7. When they separate from the Church because of the Holiness and Strictness of its Doctrine and just Discipline which crosseth them in their Sin or because they hate the Purity of its Worship and Obedience 8. When they separate because that they have not a part in the Government of the Church themselves in receiving Members or censuring them or because they may not be Teachers of the Church or otherwise invade the Pastoral Office 9. When Pride or Coveteousness maketh them separate through personal distaste at the Pastors or any Members for want of respect or honour or gain or upon supposed injuries 10. When the Minor part separate because they have not their own will against the Major part in the choice of Ministers or in other Church-Affairs in which they have just cause to acquiesce 11. When they over-value their own Conceits and doubtful Opinions and their own indifferent Modes or words of Circumstances of Worship or Order so that they think it needful to separate to enjoy them 12. When they expect that the Pastors should Excommunicate or deny the Communion of the Church to such as they account unfit without any accusation and proof or true Church-justice And do separate from the Communion where such are received as unlawful for themselves 13. When they separate upon this false Supposition that their presence maketh them guilty as Consenters of all the Ministers Errours in the Doctrine or Method or words of his Preaching Praying or other Administrations 14. When they separate because the Church will not forbear the Singing of David's Psalms the Baptizing of Infants or some other such part or order of God's Worship 15. When they separate because they will not consent to the lawful Circumstances of Time Place Translation Metre Tunes Utensils or Methods which the Church doth use These all are unlawful Separations But the great aggravations are when they separate to set up Heretical Doctrine and Teachers or false Church-Orders and Worship corrupted in the Essentials or to promote ungodliness or to rail at others from whom they separate and to cherish Divisions to the injury of the common Christian Cause 17. These following are lawful Causes of Separation 1. When the Pastors are really no Ministers of Christ but uncapable or uncalled Usurpers or Hereticks or Infidels or open Enemies to Piety who do more harm than good and set themselves to destroy the Church of God and the ends of their Ministry 2. When the Church maketh not Profession of the Christian Faith or are not baptized or visible Christians 3. When the worship of the Church is Idolatry or such for the Substance as God will not accept nor it is not lawful to joyn in 4. When the Church renounceth or omitteth any Ordinance of God which the whole Church must ordinarily perform and which all things considered it is not lawful to omit 5. When after due admonition the Church is turned into a Theatre of Contention and a School of Malignity and reviling the Brethren and of destroying Christian Love to others or of promoting Schism to the intolerable wrong of the people and of others and of the Cause and Churches of Christ. 6. When after due Admonition and Patience the Church so far renounceth Discipline as openly to own and justifie such wickedness or heinous Sins as are inconsistent with the true Profession of Christianity and Godliness 18. And if the unsoundness badness or weakness of the Pastors and the faultiness of the Worship Order or Discipline be not so great as to make Communion with the Church sunply unlawful yet any free man whose Edification is greatly hindered by it and can elsewhere have far greater helps for his Salvation and joyn with a Church which walketh more conformably to the Christian Rule may lawfully remove himself to such a Ministry and Church when it is not to the greater hurt of others than his own good Especially such whose ignorance weakness and deadness maketh a lively and convincing Ministry more needful to their safety and welfare than it is to others For it is a Sin Caeteris paribus to prefer the worse before the better and a sin to neglect the best means for our Souls which we can lawfully enjoy And the Soul is more precious than to be hazarded or left in sin and darkness for an unnecessary Circumstance Nor is it any sinful Separation or Disorder for the Members of one Church to communicate occasionally with other Churches of Christ seeing our relation to the Universal Church is more strict and inviolable than to any particular Church as such Also in case of removal of our Habitations or change of our Family Relations or other the like Reasons it is lawful to remove from one Church to another without any unjust censuring of that which we remove from And if the first Church will not consent after due means for their satisfaction we may remove without their consent 19. He that is denied Communion with the Church unless he will speak or subscribe some falshood or take any false Oath or make any unlawful promise or commit any other sin is sinfully cast out or repulsed by the Imposer and is not guilty of Schism or sinful Separation by denying to commit such imposed sin And he that only removeth from the place of meeting with the Pastor and Church when they remove and doth not withdraw from the Church it self or that adhereth to his lawful Pastor and part of the Church when the rest of the Church adhere to an Usurper is not to be judged guilty of Schism for such avoiding of Schism 20. The principal care for the avoiding of Schism and for maintaining Unity and Love is incumbent on the Pastors of the Church whose first work must be to preserve this Love and Unity in their particular Churches to prevent withdrawing into separating Churches
committed on these occasions if all the envious slanderous censorious and other uncharitable words were open to our view that many that profess the fear of God are frequently guilty of It is a sad condition that tempteth Christians to so much Sin and quieteth their Consciences in it as if their horrid iniquity were their piety and that bringeth too many separated Churches under some such reputation as Alehouses are faln into I speak it not in contempt but lamentation which are taken to be lawful but places where so much Sin is committed that it is a suspicious sign for a Mâ—n to be oft seen in them especially near home As Swearing and Excess of Drink are the ordinary sins of Alehouses so Church dividing Censorious Envious words with more that I shall anon mention are the too common Sins of these Dividing Congregations And then as Love so Unity and Concord is importunately urged on us in the holy Scriptures and the contrary condemned O read and study that prayer of Christ that his Servants may be One Iohn 17. 11 21 22 23. how high he drives it and how much he insisteth on it His Church was then most spiritual and pure when it had the greatest Unity Act. 2. 1. They were all with One accord in One place when the Holy Ghost did fall upon them Act. 2 42. They continued stedfast in the Apostles Doctrine and Fellowship and breaking of Bread and Prayer verse 44. All that believed were together yea and by the power of Love though not by Levelling destruction of Propriety had all things common Vers. 46. They continued daily with one accord in the Temple Act. 4. 31 32. They were together praying when the place was shaken and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost And the multitudâ— of them that believed were of one heart and soul. So Act. 5. 12. Many great faults we find had tainted the Church of the Corinthians the Galatians and too many more when yet we find not that any Separated Churches were gathered by the godly for the avoiding these corruptions nor that I remember on any other occasion No where do I read in the same Precincts or Cities of any Churches separated from the first Churches but only the Societies of Hereticks that are so much reprehended and branded with Infamy by the Spirit of God Not one that ever I could find of the true Believers did take this to be his duty Name any Church that was separated from a former Church in Scripture and held divided Assemblies in the same Precincts and was approved by the Lord. I find Divisions in the Churches too many some saying I am of Paul and some I am of Apollo but I find none but those condemned of Heresie that divided from the Churches Separation from the World was the practice of the Churches but separation from the Churches was the practice of Hereticks only as far as I remember or those that are charged with Schism at least though I remember not that meer Schism then rose so high They that had the Apostles among them could not easily fall to such a Crime till they fell from the Apostles And far were the Apostles when they reprehended the Corruptions of the Churches from perswading Men to separate from them Though it's possible for such a case to be when that may be a Duty yet all those faults enumerated by Paul did not make it so But contrarily they charge them not to forsake the Assembling of themselves together as the manner of some the Hereticks was Heb. 10. 25. and beseech them by the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ to speak all the same thing and that there be no Divisions among them but that they be perfectly joined together in the same Mind and in the same Judgment I Cor. 1. 10. 11. That they be all of one Mind having Compassion one of another loving as Brethren being pitiful and courteous not rendring evil for evil or railing for railing but contrariwise blessing c. 1 Pet. 3. 8 9. O how constant and how earnest were the Apostles in these Exhortations and in answerable Prayers to God Phil. 2. 1 2 3 4. If there be therefore any Consolation in Christ if any Comfort of Love if any Fellowship of the Spirit if any Bowels and Mercies fulfil ye my Joy and what was Paul's so much desired Joy That ye be like minded having the same Love being of one Accord of one mind Let nothing be done through strife or vain-glory but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves Look not every one on his own things but every Man also on the things of others Rom. 15. 5 6. Now the God of Patience and Consolation grant you to be like minded one towards another according to Christ Jesus that you may with one Mind and one Mouth glorifie God Rom. 16. 17. Now I beseech you Brethren mark them which cause Divisions and Offences contrary to the Doctrine which ye have learned and avoid them For they that are such serve not the Lord Jesus but their own Bellies and by good words and fair speeches deceive the Hearts of the simple So 1 Thes. 5. 12 13. Study Iam. 3. throughout Abundance of such passages are before us in the Word which tell us that this Great and Necessary command of Love and Unity is not to be dispensed with nor Divisions among Christians to be accounted small things And shall men professing the fear of God go against such a stream of Holy Precepts And be sensible of a Swearers or a Drunkards Sin and not of so great a course of Sin of their own 3. The Nature of Gods Graces in his Servants Souls is contrary to a way of Separation and Division As Fire would to Fire and Water to Water so would Christian to Christian Grace is sociable and abhors Division as well as Nature Wounding is not its Delight Love is an Essential part of the New Man The living Members rejoyce together and suffer together and be not easily set against each other but it 's hurt to all that 's hurt to one 4. Divided Churches are the Seminaries of Private dividing Principles As they proceed from such Principles so do they cherish and increase them They espouse an Interest that 's contrary to Catholicism and Christian Concord and therefore we find that they make it much of their Business to propagate it Whatever Opinion drew from the Communion of the Church must be there pleaded for against the Peace of the Church And to have a Mutineer in the Army of our Lord is bad but to have Schools and Nurseries of Mutineers dispersed through the Land and favoured by Godly Men is far worse 5. And certainly so far to forsake the Catholick Principles and Interest and be so void of a Catholick Spirit and Love as to set a part against the whole or a smaller part against the Profit of the main part of Christ's Body is a thing much unlike the
us They have taken it up as their common Argument to draw men to Popery and now at last to Infidelity that we are a Babel of Confusion and have no Unity among us and they point to our several Parties and ask men How they know that this is in the right more than all the rest and why he will cleave rather to one of them than to another Can a tender Conscience and one that regardeth the interest of Christ forbear to mourn while the Name of God is daily reproached and his Servants made the Song of Drunkards the Scorn of Papists and all their Adversaries and the by-word of the Prophane by our Divisions 10. These Divisions and Antichurches do hinder the Holy Order and Discipline of Families when the Husband is of one Church and the Wife of another or the Parents of one and the Children of another or the Master of one and the Servants of another or one Child and Servant of one Church and another of another This hindereth the Governours from seeing effectually that their Families be soundly instructed and kept from Heresies or neglect of Ordinances It hindereth them from taking a due account of their Children and Servants of what they learn It divideth Families and induceth the Children and Servants to refuse to joyn in Family Prayer and other Duties with their Parents and Masters and to refuse to hear them repeat those Sermons which they refused to hear from the Minister himself And it turneth the Holy Conference and charitable Communion of Families into perverse Contendings about their several ways 11. And these separated Churches do much hinder the Labours of the Ministers of Christ and the true Reformation of the Churches It grieveth the Souls of Faithful Pastors to see that their Children or those that they hope have somewhat of Christ in them shall be the Instruments of Satan to hinder their Labours and it grievously weakeneth the Builders hands when they are thus opposed by those for whom they have spent themselves and in whom they should have Comfort after their Travels and from whom they should have help for the promoting of their work with others Drunkards and Swearers in some places hinder not the Ministers work so much as Antichurches that make it their work to draw men to themselves and to that â—nd do find themselves engaged to speak against the Publick Church and Ministry and to that End to quarrel with or reproach the Doctrine or Worship there performed And how can thâ—se Ministers reform their Churches that are forsaken yea and opposed by so many of those that should be the Materials of their Churches and should be their strength against the Prophane and help them in Reforming and in the exercise of Discipline It making Discipline it self on both parts also to be of almost no Effect when he that is cast out of one Church can presently step into another and perhaps under pretence of greater Holiness and there reject those that rejected him and seem more Innocent than they 12. These private separated Churches also do give great advantage to the secret Enemies of the Truth and Corrupters of Sound Doctrine to creep in and sow the Tares of Heresies among poor Christians that have no Pastor at hand to contradict Deceivers And most of the horrid Errours of these times that have poysoned Souls dishonoured God divided us and disturb'd our Peace have crept in at these back Doors Few have made their Entrance at the Publick Assemblies in comparison of those that have come in at private Meetings And here it is that Papists and other Adversaries have opportunity to Play their Games and to lay their Trains of Gun Powder to blow up both Church and State without the Odium of being Traitors and Powder-Plotters yea by the Countenance and Favour of the State It will not secure us that Papists are excepted from Liberty among us as long as a Vizir or another Name and some Equivocation shall be to them a Patent for Liberty and Toleration 13. Moreover our Separations tend to the grievous Pollution of the Ordinances of God by setting up prophane Persons as Ministers and encouraging prophane Administrations and Societies and so disâ—oâ—ouring the Christian Name and hardening the Ignorant and Ungodly by these means For when those that are most Zealous against Prophaness are withdrawn and leave the ignorant careless People to themselves they will have Ministers like themselves if such are toâ—erated and they will make up such Churches as are uncapable of Discipline and will go on as smoothly in the Abuse of Sacraments and the Praises of God and all Holy Ordinances as if they were the only Christians in the Land and theirs the only regular Churches and none but Sectaries differed from them Or if they were not allowed the Publick holding of Undisciplined Churches and prophanation of Holy Ordinances yet as long as all may have what private Assemblies they please they will there at least have their Ignorant unworthy Ministers to fit all their Humours and there they will Prophane the Name and Holy things of God And O what abundance of provoking Sin will be committed in England every Week and this through the Separations of Pious Persons and the toleration of the State as for their Indulgence Do we make Laws against the Prophanation of the Holy Name of God by Swearing and Cursing and shall men fearing God let loose yea further the Rabble of the Ungodly through the Land in the Prophaning of the same Name and Holy Ordinances and the Office of the Ministery under a pretence of Worship The case of Nadab and Abihu and the Bethshemites and Uzza do tell us that God is more jealous about his Holy Things than in our common Affairs 14. Moreover It is an actual Reproaching of all our Solemn Assemblies to separate from them as if you openly proclaimed them to be such that an honest man may not lawfully hold Communion with Whereas the Interest of Christ is so great among them so much of his acceptable Worship and so many of his faithful beloved ones are there that he will not take such usage well If we must needs have private separated Assemblies let the Servants of Christ so close together that the Ungodly and not they may be the separated part and may be driven into Corners Let the Holy ordered Assemblies of the Saints be the Publick Assemblies and let not the ungoverned have that honour 15. It is an unspeakable Mischief of these Antichurches and Divisions that they are the great Impediment to Universal Communion of all the Servants of Christ in the Land which is a work of great Necessity to the common good and exceeding desirable to all Christians Were we but one One Body by some common Bond and Communion our Rulers would quickly be resolved in the Point of Toleration Heresies might be easier extinguished and Prophaneness might through all the Land lye under such Discouragement as might much abate it whilest every where
all this be done by them 3. But yet that it 's one thing to admit them into the number of the Adult Members of the Church Universal as the Eunuch Acts 8. and others were by Baptism and another thing to admit them into a particular Church also And that the consent to Christianity is it that is necessary to the first and the consent to the Duty of a particular Member in that Church is necessary only to the Second which supposeth also the First 4. That there is great difference between a Baptized Person that needs but Confirmation or Repentance and a Converted â—nfidel that 's to be Baptized It is meet to have some Testimony of the Life of the former because he is in Covenant already But the Life of the latter is not to be supposed to be upright but ungodly and therefore we may not require of him a Testimony of his upright Life but a Confession and Lamentation of his ungodly Life with a Consent and Resolution for new Obedience Upon this much the Apostles Baptized their Converts without delay to try their Lives 5. And there 's difference to be put between what is necessary ad esse ad bene esse Necessitate medii praecepti And the Profession of Christianity that is of present Faith and Repentance and this by any tolerable intimation or signification is all that is necessary to the Being of such Adult Members And that the Testimony of his good life is only necessary when it may be sought to the performance of our Duty and the purity of the Church If we admit a Man of another Countrey without Testimony or Tryal upon his meer profession or if we do so through haste or negligence or multitude of Persons that we have to deal with in populous places this doth not nullifie his Membership Nor yet if we admit him upon a dark and less express Confession And 6. It is a Mans Profession that is his Title condition to Visible Membership and his Life is but a Confirmation of that and where there is not opportunity of enquiring after Mens Lives it is sufficient even in point of Duty that we receive his Profession if no Man will bring witness of a Life so vicious as may invalidate that Profession 7. And I think we may take it for granted that Mr. Norton's Second demand of a Declaration of the Experimental work of Faith or substance of Conversion is satisfied in the Profession of Faith and Repentance or in our renewing our Baptismal Covenant For doubtless all the substance of Conversion is contained in these He that professeth that he believeth in God the Father Son and Holy Ghost renouncing the Flesh the World and the Devil or that he believeth and repenteth and is willing to live a holy Life doth profess Conversion The Sum of all is this which we are agreed in A Credible Profession of Christianity that is of Faith and Repentance or of Holiness is that which is the Title-condition to our Membership in the Church Universal and its Priviledges And A Credible profession of Consent to be a Member of this particular Church added to the former is the condition of our Right to admittance into such a Church And a careful Pastor will and should consider how Mens lives do answer their profession But if nothing be brought from the Life to invalidate it the profession it self must be accepted And therefore if no such Omissions or Commissions are proved against the person that desireth our Communion as are of sufficient weight to prove that the persons profession is Incredible it is to be received because every Man is supposed to be better acquainted with his own Heart than the Church is or can be And every Man is to be supposed Credible till he can be proved Incredible by Evidences that in foro Ecclesiae are satisfactory Especially when Men have to do with a Heart-searching God and their Everlasting Life or Death lyeth at the stake and when the holy Life that they engage themselves to live is so contrary to Flesh and Blood and seldom are there times so good in which it is not reproached at least by the ungodly we have reason fide humand to believe Mens profession in such a case And as God will have Mens Salvation or Damnation lye more upon their own choice than upon any other Mans so is it his wise and gracious Order that their Church Mercies or Judgments their standing in the Church or being out of it shall lye more upon their own Chusing or Refusing than on the Churches or any others And therefore if Men dissemble in their profession the Church is blameless and it is themselves that bear the blame and suffering And so if they keep out themselves or force the Church by their Impenitency to cast them out But if the Church should keep out Men that would come in that do not wilfully refuse Gods Terms these persons would lay the blame on the Church and say Lord I would fain have entred but could not be received Let any Man read Mr. Norton and such others and he will allow me to conclude that de lege in this point we are agreed even in two words that A Credible Profession is the Condition or Qualification requisite in the Adult Yea and we are agreed also what are the Qualifications that must make a profession Credible Viz. that it be or seem to us to be tolerably Understanding Deliberate Free or Voluntary Serious and not Invalidate by contradictory words or practice sufficiently proved And for the matter of it we are agreed that it must be a profession of all the Essentials of Christianity and that it must be a Consent to present and not only to a distant future holiness Even as a promise to become a Husband or Wife to another a Month hence is not Marriage but a promise of Marriage We are agreed also that Extremes in the Execution of this Rule must be cautelously avoided As on one side that we do not take that to be a profession that is none and that we take not that for Credible that is Incredible and that we take not that for Understood that is not tolerably understood or that for deliberate voluntary or serious that is not so or appeareth not so And that we be not careless when it may be done in inquiring how Men have kept their Baptismal Covenant and what their Lives are before we Confirm them or Approve them for the Communion of the Adult And that we refuse not to hear what just exceptions can be brought against them Lest we frustrate Church Order and Ordinances and nullifie Discipline and pollute the Church And on the other side we are in the Doctrine agreed that Hypocrites will be in the Visible Church and that we must not refuse those that have the least knowledge of the Essentials though they are not able in the Congregation to express it nor privately in any but broken and unhandsom
words and that withal make the most imperfect Credible Profession of Faith and Repentance and Resolution for Obedience And that we must not break the bruised Reed nor reject the least of the Lambs of Christ but receive them that are weak in the Faith and not of our own Heads reject any persons Profession as Incredible without sufficient Reasons for such a judgment of it Indeed there is abundance of difference in these points but 1. It is in the Iudgment of particular Persons and Cases and not in the Law or Rule of our Proceedings And 2. It is a difference between Persons and not between Parties Some of the Congregational way are more rigid than many of the Presbyterians in Iudging who are Credible Professors and who not Some will hear the Reports of a change when most Presbyterians will be satisfied with the profession of Holiness though it have grown up with the person from his Infancy and he knew of no change Some look for such Evidence from a Holy Life as may it self directly suffice to ingenerate in the Church a persuasion that the person hath Saving Grace and so they make the Life to be Testimonium primarium vel primario aequale When most Presbyterians take the Profession for the Primary Testimony or condition of Right and so receive it directly as Credible by such a Humane Faith as one Man Credits another by in all Civil Transactions in the World And they look at the Life but as a Secondary Testimony which may Confirm or Invalidate the former Though after Church entrance the Life is directly looked after in the Discipline of the Church But this difference is between Men of the same parties Independents differ from Independents and Presbyterians from Presbyterians and perhaps a hundred Men of the same Congregational way may most of them gradually differ from each other in the strictness or laxness of their Executions as one is more or less Charitable than another or more or less Tender Compassionate Strict or Rigid Censorious or Remiss c. which may occasion difference I conclude therefore that about the great disturbing point viz. The Matter of the Church or Qualification necessary to Members Presbyterians and Independents differ not Doctrinally though practically persons of each party differ among themselves and therefore that here is No Need of a Reconciliation Chap. IV. Difference II. THE second Point supposed to be a Difference is about the Necessity of a Church Covenant Here is no Difference at all between the Learned of each Party that I am able to discover We are Agreed 1. That our consent to the Covenant of Grace is it that makes us Christians and so Members of the Universal Church and the Profession of that Consent which regularly is to be done in Baptism Parents professing their Consent for their Infants benefit and the Adult professing their own Consent doth instate them in their Visible Membership 1. The baptized Person being Offered to God and so solemnizing his own Covenant Act and God by his Minister accepting him into his Church 2. And we are Agreed that a signified Consent is necessary to Membership in a particular Church that is A Consent to the Relation of a Member which includeth a Consent to the necessary Duties of that Relation and an acceptance of the Benefits 3. And we are Agreed that any tolerable signification of this Consent is all that is absolutely necessary And that an express Church Covenant is not necessary to the Being of a Church or Member but that one that by actual Submission and Communion hath signified his Consent may be truly a Member 4. And yet we are Agreed because Ignorantis non est Consensus and for many other weighty Reasons expressed in my Book of Confirmation that where we can require and procure it without a greater accidental Detriment to the Church it is needful ad bene esse to the Churches Reformation and to the Persons firmer engagement to the satisfaction of others and the due execution of Discipline c. that the Consent be as open and express as may be As nothing is more necessary excellent honourable reasonable than a Holy Life and nothing that less feareth the light than the Cause of God so he would have his Cause to be openly owned and managed above board and would be confessed before men and have all men know what they do that take him for their Master It is an honour to God and the Gospel and an excellent advantage to the ordering of the Church and the saving of the People to have all brought to as serious and solemn an Engagement to the Living God as conveniently can be procured I doubt not but the Presbyterians would joyn with their Brethren to Petition the Soveraign Rulers that all our People may be brought to this Let no man think so uncharitably of them as if they desired that Christ should be but darkly and implicitely owned by the Churches and as if they would not have Church Members know what they do Doubtless they cannot but be sensible how much it would further their Ministry with the People if Magistracy would but assist them herein against the stubborness of ignorant and wilful men that men might be compelled to submit to Instruction and Approbation and make a credible Profession of Christianity owning their Baptismal Covenant and by this engage themselves to submit to the Officers Discipline and Ordinances of Christ in the Churches where they desire Communion The thing that the Presbyterians have stood upon is no more but to vindicate the Truth of our Churches against Separatists that have denyed them to be true Churches because they had not an explicite Covenant They deny not that such a Covenant may conduce much to the well-being of the Church especially if we have the Magistrates help to take off the Peoples prejudice Note here also that by a Covenant we mean nothing but exprest Consent and that exprest Consent is indeed a Covenant And that by an Implicite Covenant we mean but a Consent that is less express and not that is not exprest at all For Consent cannot be known to the Church without some Expression I conclude therefore that whatever some particular persons may be guilty of there is no real difference between the Presbyterians and Independents in the Point of a Church Covenant and therefore here is no work for a Reconciler God forbid that any faithful Ministers of Christ should fight against that much which is profitable to the well being of the Church meerly because without it the Church may have a Being Then must we Plead for hunger and want and calamitous Diseases that leave us but the being of men Nature and the Scripture Presidents in the Old Testament and the Doctrine of the Apostles and ancient Practice of the Churches do satisfie us of the usefulness of Holy Covenants prudently seasonably and seriously made Of this I have said more in my Treatise of Confirmation
Church that is to be told The Major seems plain because else the Equivocation in the word Church would make the matter not intelligible The Minor they prove because the whole Congregation cannot speak and be heard without confusion Nor are the Representers of the people in speaking If they be then here 's a word for a Ministerial Representative Church 2. But yet for my part I shall yield that it is this whole Congregation that is here meant that must be told But my answer then is the same as the last to the last objected Text It is the same Church that hath Officers and People the same Body that hath Eyes and Ears and Hands But it doth not follow that the Ears and Eyes and Hands are the same Members Or if the Man have a command to Hear See and Work that he is therefore commanded to do all these by the same Parts The Church may first Hear by her Officers and lastly Hear by the Congregated people and Execute by them and yet not Censure or Admonish or Absolve by them All the Church must hear at last and each part do its proper work in casting out Arg. 2. If God have made the Pastors the Stewards Overseers and Rulers of the Churches commanding them to Rule well and the people to Obey them as their Rulers then is it not the people that God hath made the Rulers But the Antecedent is express 1 Cor. 4. 12. Heb. 13. 7 17 24. Acts 20. 28. 1 Thes. 5. 12 13. 1 Tim. 5. 17. and 3. 1 5. 1 Pet. 5. 1 2 3 5. It is intolerable abuse of Scripture to suppose that it is so self-contradictory as to make the same persons the Rulers and the Ruled and to command them to obey others as their Rulers whom it would have to Rule them and be obeyed and to command them to Rule well whom it would have to be subject Arg. 3. To be briefer in the rest This Doctrine of popular Rule destroyeth the very Essence of a Political Church For as in a Civil Political Body the Pars Imperans and Pars Subdita are Essential to it so are the Ruling and Ruled part in a Political Church So that the Being is gone and the Body dissolved into a Community or ungoverned Company if the Governing part be taken down As here it is For the people are made Governours whom God never made so and so indeed are none And the Officers being a few to the people are supposed to be subject Arg. 4. And this course introduceth having destroyed that of Gods Institution a New Species of a Church Arg. 5. And it setteth the people on a Work that they are uncapable of Their parts allow them not to judge some cases but secondarily as obedient to their Guides as some Heresies against the Original Text c. Their Callings and Necessities allow them not time for all that work that to a faithful Government is required it being such as taketh up with Ministers a great part of their time Arg. 6. And it setteth up an hundred and one to be Governours of â—nâ—…ty nine without any Scripture command or president if not to the oppresâ—… or dividing of the Church Where did Men go to Voting in Scripture for Acts of Government And where find we that the lesser part are to be Ruled by the greater What if the lesser part be the wiser or in the right and say as God saith in judging of a Heretick or such like and the greater part be more ignorant and partial and contradict God and cast out an Orthodox Man as an Heretick By what Word of God are the smaller number bound to take them for their Rulers that can but get the casting Voice But yet though some do thus differ from us in the Essentials of Church Policy we are here in no danger I think of a continued distance from the Congregational party but may quickly be Reconciled if indeed there be any real difference among us For 1. The Brethren that we have to do with do expresly reject and write against this Doctrine as Brownism it is their own word which say they doth in effect put the chief if not the whole of the Rule and Government into the hands of the people and drowns the Elders Votes which are but few in the Major Vote of theirs And they give unto the Elders or Presbytery a binding power of Rule and Authority proper and peculiar to them 2. It is usually confessed by the most Learned of them that the Elders are the Rulers of the Church for the express Scripture cannot be denied and that say they two or three or more select persons should be put into an Office and be trusted with an intire interest of Power for a multitude to which that multitude ought by a command from Christ to be subject and obedient as â—o an Ordinance to guide them in their consent and in whose sentence the ultimate formal Ministerial Act of binding or loosing should consist This power must needs be esteemed and acknowledged in these few to have the proper Notion and Character of Authority in comparison of that Power which must yet concur with theirs that is in a whole Body or multitude of Men which have a greater and nearer interest in those Affairs over which these few are set as Rulers And as long as they confess that the Pastors are the Rulers and the people must obey I think in sense we are agreed 3. And though many of them say that the Power of the Keys are in the Church or people yet they usually tell us that it is but Priviledge and Liberty which they mean by Power and by Keys and that as distinct from Authority So that it is but a misuse of Terms and a false Exposition of a Text that they are guilty of rather than an Error in the thing it self 4. And they confess also that this power of the Pastors they have immediately from Christ in respect of a mediation of delegation or dependance on each other and are the first Subjects of the power allotted them They say that the Office of Rectors is received immediately from Christ and to be exercised in the Name of Christ and that it is the Designation of the person that is from the Church but the Application of the Office from Christ. Mr. Noxton addeth p. 75. Distinguâ—ndum accurate inter officium ipsum conjunctionem personae cum officio Officium est à Christo conjunctio talis personae cum tali officio est ab Ecclesia Christus confert authoritatem illi personae quam eligit ad hec munus quasi praesentat Christo Ecclesia that this is the very truth supposing Ordination also to have its place I have manifested Disput of Ordinat The truth is the people have not the least degree of Governing Power but each man of Self-government and Parents and Masters of Family-government It is Christ
shall further evince when I have given you the Concessions of the Independent Brethren which I shall do in Mr. Norton's words Englished Pag. 156 157 c. Cap. 16. A Believer may lawfully adjoyn himself into the Communion of that Church in which he cannot enjoy all God's Ordinances or in which some Corruption is tolerated in God's Publick Worship without due Reformation or when such are admitted to the participation of Sacraments that give no evident signs or works of Repentance and Faith but in many things hold forth the love of the World and if he joyn himself to such a Church he is not therefore involved in guilt and defiled with the impurities of others nor must he therefore depart that is separate from such a Church Schism is an unlawful Separation from the Communion of the Church it 's always a great Sin This he proveth Pag. 158 c. 1. In case of inculpable want of Ordinances 2. Of culpable want by Negligence 3. Of culpable want by refusal of God's Ordinances saith he In the Iewish Church God's Ordinances could not be enjoyed for the Priests and Elders rejected not only John but the Doctrine and Baptism of John and yet it was then lawful for men to joyn themselves to them Matth. 21. 25. The Scribes rejected John's Baptism Mark 11. 27. 31. and yet the Scribes sitting in Moses Chair are to be heard Mat. 23. 2 3. the hearing of whom such as is meant in that place importeth a Conjunction to the Iewish Church By comparing a Church that tolerateth the rejection of an Article of Faith with a Church rejecting an Ordinance of God A temporary rejection of an Article of Faith tolerated in a Church is a greater evil than the rejection of some Ordinance In the Church of Corinth many denyed and derided the Resurrection of the Dead and this Corruption is tolerated in the Church and yet in the Reformation of that Church the Apostle doth neither presently forbid Union with the Church nor Command Separation from the Church In the Churches of Galatia the rejection of the Doctrine of Iustification by Faith was tolerated at least there being such as judged that beside Faith Moral and Ceremonial Works were necessary to Salvation which other Doctrine he calls another Gospel Gal. 1. 6. But this was a greater evil than not to have granted the Enjoyment of some Ordinance and yet they did not therefore cease to be Churches And therefore it was yet lawful to be a Member in a Galatian much more in the Corinthian Church and consequently they were not bound under the guilt of Sin to present Separation but might with a good Conscience in their Station yet expect a Reformation And why might not a man in the same hope with a safe Conscience adjoyn himself either to the Galatian Churches or that at Corinth even in that time of their Defection especially if an opportunity of Communion with other Churches were shut up 2. We say that a Believer may lawfully adjoyn himself into the Communion of that Church in which some Corruption in God's Publick Worship is tolerated without due Reformation The Children of Israel going a Whoring Judg. 8. 27. after the Ephod set up by Gideon was a tolerated Corruption of worship The custom of Sacrificing in the high Places from the days of Solomon till the times of Hezekiah was a tolerated Corruption in Publick Worship The same is to be iudged of the Translation of the Passover to the following next Sabbath lest they should feast on two days together Which Translation appeareth in the Paschal Observation by Christ different from the Iews Observation The wrong Ministry of the Scribes and Pharisees sitting in Moses Chair was such a corruption for the Chair of Moses that is the office of publick teaching Moses Law and the Books of the Prophets in the Church was by God's institution ordinarily proper to the Priests and Levites yet Christ commandeth to hear them but not to separate from them To this may be added the observation of Circumcision and the Ceremonial Law after Christ's resurrection and with an opinion of necessity to Salvation Gal. 4. 21. 10. 5. 2. But all these were corruptions in God's publick Worship tolerated without due Reformation And who in those times did judge either the Churches Union to be Not-lawful or Non-separation to be unlawful To one bears witness the Pious Practice of so many Proselites coming to the Church and of the Church receiving them to the other the very state of the Godly remaining in the Church By comparing the Corruption in an Article of Faith with Corruption in Publick Worship c. Here he repeateth the Argument forecited adding P. 161. It is the Duty of every Believer to adjoyn himself to some Church By adjoyning our selves to the Church we adjoyn not our selves to the impurities of the Church A believer joyning himself to a Church not pure specially when he cannot enjoy a purer sinneth not The sin of the Church exempteth not a Believer from Duty which may be performed without sin or grievous incommodity As some corruption of the Communicants must not drive away from the Supper a Believer prepared worthily to Eat So neither must some corruption in the Church drive away the faithful from Union with that Church 3. Believers may joyn themselves lawfully into the Communion of that Church in which such are admitted to partake of the Sacraments that hold forth no evident Signs or Works of Repentance and Faith but shew in many things the love of the World 1. Whatever others do it is the Duty of every Member at Age to examine themselves and so to eat of that Bread and drink of that Cup. 2. The Sin of one cannot deprive another Brother that communicateth not in his Sin of his Benefit much less absolve him from his Duty 3. If trying our selves and coming worthily as much as in us lyeth we do in our Places endeavour by lawful means that the old leaven may be purged out and we may be a new lump the Communion is not defiled by other mens coming unworthily though our comfort be diminished The Church of Corinth was not pure in Worship Women spake that is taught in the Church It was corrupt in Doctrine many denied the Resurrection of the Dead Most corrupt in Manners when besides Fornication Sects and many other Vices some also shewed the love of the World whence strifes before Heathen Iudges about corporal things Yet the Apostle commands not the prepared to abstain from the Supper but he correcteth the abuses about the Supper commanding every man to examine himself and so to eat So he proceeds to other Proofs from the Church at Jerusalem where holy things were administred by Priests that were stark naught and very many arrant Knaves were present and yet Christ and his Apostles go into the same Temple for the Publick exercises of Religion they use the same Worship with the rest of the people neither the desperate
ungodliness of the Pharisees nor the dissolute licentiousness of the rest of the peoples lives could drive them from Communion with the rest of the people in holy things And why Because the Lord and the Apostles well knew that the Consciences of the Godly are not defiled with the Society of the wicked if with a pure Conscience they Communicate in the same holy things Next he proveth the 4th Branch that he that joyneth to such a Church doth not therefore Sin nor is defiled with other mens Impurities p. 163 164. Then p. 164 165. he prâ—… the 5th Branch that a Believer that hath joyned himself to such a Church must not therefore depart that iâ—s separate from such a Church and that under this danger of guilt but it is too long to recite all It is not men of such Principleâ— and Practices as these that we account Separatists What do Presbyterians say more than this eminent Independent Brother in a Writing purposely written in Latin by the perswasion of others in New England to Vindicate their Churches against Apollonius and commended to us by Mr. T. Goodwin Mr. P. Nye and Mr. S. Simpson Yet lest any think him too loose I will add his last leaf of Rules How in a less pure Church Communion must be continued with a safe Conscience Answ. 1. We must still aim and endeavour according to our Places that the Church may be purifieâ—â— according to Christ's Mind Not without seasonable and due warning the Church of its Defects The Defects are to be lamented with holy sighs and sorrows In no way approving but prudently and patiently tolerating Defects in that Church which we câ—n neither cure nor depart from without a greater Evil. When singular Evils cannot be cured without a greater publick Evil that must be born which cannot be amended In the Churches Reformation this Doctrine must be observed Paraeus in Matth. 13. that those that press for too much exactness or strictness do more hurt the Church than profit it The Spirit of our Lord Iesus Christ is a Spirit of Truth Peace and Communion so loving Peace that he commandeth Communion with a true Church though impure and so loving Truth that he forbiddeth impurity in every Church We reject the Separatists that distinguish not between a Church and the Impurities of a Church Schism is a grievous Crime We reject the Formalists not sufficiently distinguishing a Church from no Church not separating the pretious from the vile what is this but Confusion Confusion and Schism are the Scylla and Charybdis Peace and Truth are the Jachin and Boaz of the Christian Cause the obtaining of which must be endeavoured under him and implored and expected from him who is Peace Way and Truth alone able among so many and alas too hot Contentions and differing opinions of the Learned and Godly to reach us the mete-wand and direct his Servants into Concord and into the perfect measure of the Temple Altar and Worshippers Preserving us Men Brethren searching after truth in Love both from the left hand of Confusion and the right hand of Separation So far Mr. Norton and so ends his Book And thus I have shewed the Nearness of both Parties and easiness of Reconciliation as to their Principles and that there is nothing among them owned by either Party that should hinder a loving Consociation Correspondency and Communion of the Churches for their mutual strengthening and the healing of the Mischiefs that Divisions Emulations and Contentions have long caused among us Nothing remains then to be feared but lest mens Minds are further distant than their Principles and that Charity doth not effectually dispose them to Agree in Communion as far as their professed Principles will permit them But though Experience make this undeniable yet their Piety and their Professions do put us in hope that there are such Habitual Principles of Charity as better Encouragements and Opportunities will undoubtedly revive to our Reconciliation The Congregational men profess their desire of Reconciliation Read but Mr. Cotton's Preface to Mr. Norton and Mr. Norton's Epistle to Apollonius But especially the Practice of such moderate men as Mr. Firmin and divers that of late hence Associated with the Presbyterians doth give us a more certain Demonstration of their readiness for Peace And if many are otherwise minded it should be no prejudice to the peaceable And for the Presbyterians readiness to the Works of Peace besides the many motions that they have made and the joyning of some in Associations with their Brethren I shall now add but the affectionate Profession which they make of their desire of Reconcilement both with the Congregational and Moderate Episcopal Party in the Epistle to their Ius Divinum Minist 1. Concerning them of the Congregational way they say That this disagreement shall not hinder us from any Christian accord with them in affection That we can willingly write upon our Study Doors that Motto which Mr. Jeremiah Burroughes who a little before his Death did ambitiously endeavour after Union amongst Brethren as some of us can testifie perswades all Scholars unto Opinionum varietas opinantium Unitas non sunt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And that we shall be willing to entertain any sincere motion as we have also formerly declared in cur Printed Vindication that shall further a happy accommodation between us Then speaking of the Godly moderate Episcopal men they add Though herein we differ from them yet we are far from thinking that this Difference should hinder a happy Union between them and us Nay we crave leave to profess to the World that it will never as we humbly conceive be well with England till there be an Union endeavoured and effected between all those that are Orthodox in Doctrine though differing among themselves in some Circumstances about Church Government And the Lord hath strangely made way for this long desired Union by the bitter woful and unutterable fruits of our Divisions which have almost destroyed not only the Ministry but even the very heart and life of Religion and Godliness Read there the rest You see then that we are all resolv'd for Peace and Concord and devoted to it and intent upon it And you see how small a matter will do it yea that it is done already except the actual execution of our Doctrinal Agreements What then is wanting but that we be up and doing and practice as we profess and that Magistrates and especially the Protector and Parliament now Assembled that have so fair an opportunity and from whom it is commonly expected do call them to the work and help to remove the hinderances and further them by the Countenance and Assistance of their Authority The Sum of our Agreement reduced to Practice 1. WE are Agreed that Adult Church Members must be such as make A Credible Profession of Faith and Repentance and so of Holy Resolved Obedience Or such as personally own and accept the Covenant of Grace and give up themselves to
in order do require the Church with Prudence to determine of such undetermined Circumstances Modes and Orders as fall under those Generals As what Translation of the Scriptures to use what Metre of the Psalms what Tunes whether to divide the Scriptures into Chapters and Verses what Chapters to read what Psalms to Sing and when and how many what particular Method to use in Preaching and what words what helps for Memory whether written Notes in length or briefly At what Hour to begin How long to Preach and Pray In what words to Pray In what decent habit and in what gesture to Preach or Sing God's Praises c. what Utensils to use as Pulpit Font Table Cloth Cups c. In what Place c. In all which the Pastors are the Guides by Office and in many the Agents And it is no sinful Will-worship or adding to the Word of God to determine in such cases And they that will not stand to such Determinations cannot be Members of their Flocks As if any will not meet at that time or place where the Church doth meet or will not use the same Psalms or Translations or hear the Pastor in such a Method or with such Notes c. he thereby refuseth the Communion of that Church which must have some determinate time and place c. But yet the Pastors Power being for Edification and not for Destruction he must take the Peoples consent in all so far as the Churches good requireth it to their Edification and Peace and guide them as a Father by Love and in Humility as the Servant of all and not as Lording it over the Flock And if his Determination should be so perverse as to be destructive of the Church or of the Worship of God the people must seek the due Remedy of which more anon 10. As the Keys of the Church are committed by Christ to the Pastors for intromission Guidance and Sentential Excommunication that is for the Government of the Church so the People must not usurp any part of their office They are not obliged to try the Faith or Holiness of such as are to be Baptized or such as are to be received into their Publick Communion but may rest in the Pastors Judgment whose office it is to try them supposing still that they have their due remedy in case of corrupting or destructive Male administration And that their needful assistance in their Places should be used 11. If any Member of the Church do live in any Heresie or other great Sin contrary to his Covenant with God those who are acquainted with it must admonish him and seek to bring him to Repentance in the order appointed by Christ And if he repent not they must tell the Church And if being duely admonished by the Pastors he yet repent not the Pastors as the Church Guides must pronounce him unfit for the Communion of the Church and require him to forbear it and the people to avoid him which the people must obey Yet so as that if the people have sufficient cause to doubt whether a censure be not contrary to the Word of God they may enquire into the cause And if they find it contrary indeed they must not execute that Sentence by any of those private Acts of alienation which are in their own Power And they may seek due reparation of the publick breach 12. If one Pastor of a Church where there are many do perniciously and notably corrupt the Faith or the Worship or the Discipline of the Church the other Pastors must admonish him and both they and the people disown him if after a first and second Admonition he repent not And the same must the people do by all the Pastors if all be guilty in the same kind and must trust their Souls with more faithful Pastors But this must not be done mistakingly headily or rashly nor as an Act of Government over the Pastors or the Church but as an Act of Obedience to God for the preservation of their Souls and of the interest of Christ Nor must it be done without such consultation with and assistance of the Neighbour Churches or the Magistrates as their case shall make necessary or profitable to their right Ends. Nor by a violation of any lawful Orders of the Magistrates 13. If a Pastor preach some unsound Doctrines or faultily perform the publick Worship or neglect just Discipline and receive the unworthy to the Communion of the Church or reject the worthy the presence of the innocent Members who make not the fault their own by consent or by neglecting their Duties to reform it maketh none of this to be their Sin nor is to be taken for a sign of their consent Nor will the presence of the unworthy deprive the Godly of the Blessing or Comfort of God's Ordinance Nor are they bound to separate from that Church because of these Corruptions unless they are so great as to unchurch that Church or make their Worship and Communion such as God himself rejecteth and will not accept or unless by imposing Sin upon them or some other way the Church expel them or they have accidentally some other reason to remove 14. The Members of the same Church must live so near to one another as that they may be capable of the Communion and Duties of their relation But whether Parish-bounds shall be Church-bounds and whether there shall be one Church only or more in the same Parish is a thing which God hath not directly determined but only by general Rules to direct our Prudence as cases are by Circumstances varied Where the Magistrates Laws thus bound the Churches and the conveniences of Numbers Maintenance Place and common Expectation require it And where it is commonly taken for scandalous Disobedience or Disorder or Schism to do otherwise Prudence forbiddeth us to violate these Bounds and Orders without true necessity Not taking all for Church-Members who are Parishioners but taking none but Parishioners into that Church nor setting up other Churches in that Parish But when there are no such Laws and Reasons for it and where there are plainly greater Reasons or necessity to do otherwise we should not make such a Law to our selves 15. When true sound Churches are first settled all unneoessary and causeless Separation from them or setting up of new Churches in the same Towns or Parishes by way of disclaiming them or in opposition to them should be avoided by all Christians Because 1. We find not in Scripture times that any one City had many such Churches approved of God The numbers of Christians being but enow for one 2. Because it taketh up more Ministers than the interest of the Universal Church can allow to so few 3. Because it proceedeth from a sinful want of Love and Unity and tendeth to the further decrease of both Long and sad Experlence having shewed that each of those Churches think it to be their Duty to stablish their several perswasions and oppose the contrary
To which end their first care must be to give no just cause by corrupting of Doctrine Worship or Discipline to any to withdraw and not to impose any unnecessary thing as necessary to Communion but to unite in things necessary and to give liberty in things unnecessary A means approved in all Ages by Peacemakers And to guide the Church by the paternal Government of Reason and Love and not by Tyranny to make themselves hateful And to be much in preaching Love and Concord that the people may know the sin and danger of Factions and Divisions and to avoid all Factiousness and Contentiousness themselves And their next care must be to labour after a laudable if they cannot reach an eminent degree of ability in teaching and exemplariness in a holy and charitable Life that they may win the esteem and love of the Flock and may give them no occasion to think that the necessity of their Souls requireth them to seek for better helps But if differing though tolerable Opinions do so possess any of the peoples minds that no means can satisfie them to continue in the same Assemblies and their presence will be more hurtful than their absence or if the Pastor or Church be so over-rigid as not to tolerate their dissent the next thing to be done is to permit them to Worship in other Assemblies though their withdrawing may not be justifiable and to take care that Love and Peace be maintained with them as with Neighbour Churches though perhaps weak and faulty which bringeth us up to the next Question Q. 3. What are the Terms on which Neighbour Churches may hold Communion with one another A. What these particular Churches in the question are is shewed before The Communion in question consisteth 1. In holding the same Faith 2. In the same Worship of God in the necessary parts 3. In the same profession of Obedience to God 4. In a professed estimation of each other as Brethren and as true Churches of Christ. 5. And in a professed Love to one another as such 6. And in such Communion and mutual Assistance as tend to the preservation of the Church Universal and the benefit of each other The Terms therefore and means must be these following 1. They must publickly profess the same Christian Religion in all the Essential parts which is no more but That we continue our consent to our Baptismal Covenant with God the Father Son and Holy Ghost renouncing the Devil the World and the Flesh Particularly professing to believe all the Articles of the Ancient Creed and to Desire all that is contained in the Lords Prayer and sincerely to endeavour to live towards God and Men according to the Ten Commandments Believing also the Sacred Canonical Scriptures to be true and taking them for the intire Rule of our Divine Belief and Worship and Obedience And we renounce so far as we can know them all Heresies Errors and Practices contrary hereto This is all the Profession that is to be required of any person in order to the Catholick Communion of Christians as such or of the Members of a particular Church besides their consent to their particular Church relation or of Neighbour Churches for their Communion with each other Except when any scandal obligeth us to clear our selves whether it be suspected Heresie or wickedness of Life by a just Purgation or Repentance And the requiring of larger unnecessary Professions hath been the grand Engine of Church Divisions through many Generations 2. Yet as there are Christians of divers degrees of knowledge and soundness in the same Church so there are Churches also as different And though we must own them all as Christian Churches which are such indeed yet must we not judge them equally sound or pure but must disown the gross corruptions of Doctrine Worship or Discipline which are proved to be in any of them and must specially honour those that are more faithful pure and entire 3. No one particular single Church must claim or usurp a Right of Dominion or Government over other Churches as given them by God seeing that all such true Churches are as Cities or Corporations in one Kingdom which are all governed by one King but are none of them rightful Rulers of the rest Nor must any Men of their own heads set up such Forms of Government as of Humane right in Conformity to the Secular Governments of the World and this as Spiritual in the Exercise of the Keys which Christ committed to his Ministers tho' one eminent Minister may instruct and admonish many others and have some care of many Churches contrary to or inconsistent with the Orders setled by Christ or his Apostles who were commissioned by him for the setling of all Universally necessarily Church Government and infallibly guided therein by the Holy Ghost Much less may the Unity and Peace of the Church be laid upon such invented policies as it is by the Papists who make their forged Head Pope or Council a constitutive essential part of the Catholick Church and seign all the Christian World to be Schismaticks who will not be his Subjects 4. But Love and Concord and Peace must be maintained among the equal parts of the Catholick Church Seeing it is the strength of the Churches and their Beauty and the Exercise and help of the Life and Holiness of all the parts Therefore such correspondencies must be maintained among them as tend to a right understanding of each other and to a just furtherance of these happy ends And as in particular Churches the determinations of useful circumstances according to Gods general Rules is no sinful addition to Gods Word or Ordinances so neither is it here to be so judged if Magistrates by Laws or Churches by consent do determine of useful undetermined circumstances for the ordering of these Correspondencies and preventing Contentions Factions and Divisions 5. The ordinary means of these correspondencies are Messengers and Synods or Councils and Letters Testimonial or Certificates If one Church be offended with another upon suspicion of Heresie or scandalous Practices they may by Messengers admonish them and these may by Messengers make their Purgation or Confession As also if they desire Advice or Help from one another but if in common and weighty cases there be need of more common and judicious consultations or significations of Consent and Concord Synods are the means thereto And if one Member Travel into other parts or remove his dwelling or be to be received by other Churches especially in Suspicious Times and Cases Communicatory Letters and Certificates are the means that Hereticks and Deceivers abuse not the Churches 6. Whether these Synods shall be held at certain stated times or variously as occasions vary And whether they shall have a President And whether he shall be mutable or fixed And of how many Churches they shall be composed And how oft they shall meet and how long they shall sit with such like are circumstances left to Humane Prudence
under the general Laws of Christ. But the use of Synods is so ordinary and great that in sound and peaceable Countreys where Heresie or Church-Tyranny doth not turn them against their proper ends and where State-Iealousies cause not Rulers to forbid them the statedness and frequency of them will be of very great advantage to the Churches But in the contrary cases it may be quite contrary 7. Though no one of these Bishops or Pastors in Councils nor many conjunct be by Divine Right the proper Governour over the rest and therefore as to one another their Canons are Agreements for Union rather than the Laws of Superior Governours yet do they not by their Assembling lose their Governing Power over their Several Flocks but meet to exercise it with the greater consideration and force And therefore their lawful Determinations and Agreements may be truely obligatory to their several Flocks 8. The largeness of these Councils should be suited to the occasion and necessity As the Scandals Heresies Schisms or Contentions do require But to make proper Universal Councils to be the ordinary Supreme Governing Law-givers to a Body Politick called the Universal Church is a device of those who would do Christs work in their own mistaking way and for the preserving of the Churches Unity will desperately divide corrupt and injure it There is no necessity of it Christs Universal Laws being sufficient with the Civil Government of Princes and the Circumstantial Determinations of the particular Churches And it is pernicious if not impossible The many thousand Miles distance of the Churches the paucity of the Pastors and necessity of their presence in many Churches the many years that must be spent in Travel the opposition of Heathen and Infidel Princes whose Subjects they are or through whose Countreys they must Travel the Wars and Jealousies of Princes the probability of the death of the ablest Pastors in such a Voyage they being usually aged Men and weak their diversity of Tongues and unintelligibleness to one another their long continuance in such Councils their incapacity to meet and hear together in any one Room the probability that the numerousness of the nearest Bishops and paucity of the remote will make a Faction go for the Council the improbability that ever they will return to bring home the Decrees the unsatisfiedness of the Churches in their Decrees when a thousand or an hundred Pastors who chuse one single Delegate know not whether he will speak their sense or not with many such Reasons make it as pernicious as unnecessary Nor have the Christian Churches ever had such Councils the meetings of the Twelve Apostles being nothing to this purpose But as all Men know that the Roman Emperors had no power to Summon the Pastors who were the Subjects of other Princes so the recorded Suffrages of all the Councils certifie us that they were none such but the Subjects only of the Roman Empire or those that had been such with a very inconsiderable number of some adjacent Bishops and that but very seldom So that those Councils were Universal only as to the Empire of Rome and that but very rarely if ever but never as to the Christian World 9. If a plurality of Hereticks Schismaticks or ungodly Bishops or Pastors should by the advantage of their Councils oppress the Churches or the Truth the Sound and Faithful Pastors must hold on in the way of Duty and not forsake the Truth or the Flocks in Obedience to such Councils 10. If any Church or Pastor be accused or defamed to the Neighbour Churches of any Heresie Schism Scandal or Injury either to any Person of that Church or to any Neighbour Church or Person the general Precepts of Christian Charity Concord Humility Submission c. do oblige such accused Persons to tender to their offended Brethren especially if it be many Churches due satisfaction and to hear their Reasons and Admonitions and to acknowledge their own faults and amend if they have erred and in lawful things to yield to others for Peace and Concord and to avoid offence where greater accidents make it not then unlawful so to do 11. If any Pastors or Neighbour Churches remain impenitent under such proved Heresie Impiety or Crimes as are inconsistent with the true profession of Godliness the Synods or Neighbour Churches after due Admonition and Pationce should openly disown their sins and if they be inconsistent with the Essentials of Christian Communion should also disclaim Communion with them and should send to the innocent part to exhort them to save themselves by Separation from the rest or to forsake such Heretical and Impenitent Pastors And should motion them to better Pastors and send some to instruct them in the mean time if they be accepted But none of this must be done in case of tolerable infirmities or failings 12. A truely Ordained Minister of Christ being called or accepted by a Church for the present time to teach them and guide them in publick Worship and Sacramental Communion in the Sickness or Absence of their stated Pastors or in a vacancy ought to assist them and is to be esteemed as a Minister of Christ in those Administrations And when a Church is destitute of Pastors it is ordinarily the peoples Duty to desire the Faithful Neighbour Pastors to assist them for supply especially in the tryal of such parts of Pastoral sufficiency which they are unable to try themselves and to Ordain by Approbation and Solemn Investiture such a Person to the Ministry as they Consent to if he be not before Ordained or if he be yet by Prayer to desire God to Bless him in that special Charge Q. 4. What are the terms of Communion between the Churches of several Kingdoms A. This needs no more addition to the former Answer but this 1. That their Communion in the main must be the same in Faith and Love and Obedience to God as if they were under the same Civil Government 2. But they must not busie themselves needlesly with the distant and unknown cases and business of others Nor 3. Must they violate the lawful restraints of their civil Governours nor disturb the Peace of Kingdoms upon pretences of the Churches Privileges or Interest 4. And if they are offended at the Doctrine Worship or Practice of other Churches they should send to them for satisfaction and those Churches should send them the forementioned Confession of the Christian Religion and either purge themselves from the Crimes of which they are accused or confess them and forsake them But when the Pastors which in several Countries have drunk in differing Opinions shall expect that all others should speak as they do in all controverted Points of tolerable difference and by their odious imagined consequences shall slander other Churches or Pastors as holding that which they disclaim or as denying that which in their publick Confessions they profess as their very Religion and by their passions unskilfulness and uncharitableness shall make all differences though