but deny the matter of the Articles Thus the Arians in words confessed Christ to be the Son of God but they hatcht a Monster in their hearts when they would not acknowledge him to be coessentiall to the Father Hee is but mocked with a Title to whom the thing signified by that Title is denyed It was lawfull therefore for the Representative Church that is for the generall Councell for the better declaring of the true meaning of an Article to frame and fit a new but apt terme and to compell Christians to confesse Christs Divinity under this forme of words Christ is Coessentiall with God the Father For to be God and to be the Son of God though not in sound in sense are the same as to be coessentiall with God Lastly we do not straiten and confine the power of an Oecumenicall Synod or representative Church only to the declaring and defending of Fundamentall Articles such whereof an explicite and cleare unfolded Faith must be had to Salvation but wee confesse the same also doth extend to any true doctrines and profitable for the edification of mens Soules Yea we conceive this definitive sentence of the Church to bee so armed with the sharp edged sword of Excommunication that they may be separated from the outward Communion of the Catholique Church which dare stubbornly oppose their private opinions against her determinations Notwithstanding if that wherein they do erre be not of the Fundamentall and absolutely necessary Doctrins we ought not to despaire but that some who justly are cut off from the outward CommunioÌ„ of the Church God in his mercy pardoning their errors arising from the weaknesse of their Understanding may still retain an Inward and saving Communion with Jesus Christ their Foundation For the outward Excommunication is not a certaine or infallible signe of the inward Excommunication Tom. 1 an disp pag. 374. as rightly Luther What we have said of the Power of a Generall Councill we desire should also be understood of any lawfull and free Councill rightly representing the Catholique Church not of those Councils which are meere Vassals to the Pope of Rome and represent the Catholique Church in the same manner as an Ape doth a Man But because it is altogether impossible to call the Catholique Church into a Councill representing the whole body by reason of the Popes Tyranny and other hinderances let us come to explaine what power particular Churches have in this matter If therefore the name of Ministeriall Foundation doth agree to the Representative Church or Generall Councill for the Ministeriall power it hath in publishing explaining and defending that Doctrine which joyneth Christians to their saving foundation it agreeth also in its kind and degree to every particular Church suppose the English French Dutch and others which take their denomination from divers Countries For what the Catholike Church assembled in a Council may and ought to do towards the founding of all Christians in the saving Truth of the Gospell that every Particular and Provinciall Church may and ought to do to those that are under it From this Office the Church of Ephesus wherof Timothy was President is called the pillar and ground of Truth because it is the duty of every Church to defend and maintaine the Truth preached by the Apostles to the World commending and explaining the same to the people and to unsheath and draw the Sword of Ecclesiasticall censures against forgers and Heretiques But least every particular Church should advance her power and authority even to match and equall it with the Catholike Church in a Generall Council we must marke and observe first that the particular Doctours of particular Churches met in a Synod only represent their own and nâ—t forraigne Churches and therefore to have no power of prescribing to others what they must beleeve or refuse much lesse to cut them off from the Brotherly Communion which they hold with the Catholique Church who either out of conscience or ignorance cannot assent to their Decrees and Determinations For an Equall hath no power over him which is his Equall Herein the moderation of Cyprian is commended who held communion with those Churches whom he conceived to live in a grievous errour The African Churches are commended Apud August de Bapt. cont Donat. lib. 2. cap. ult Idem super gestis cum Emerit Serm. for their not condemning of any nor removing them from the right of communion but continuing in fellowship with those Churches which were of a different opinion and would not rest and rely on their judgement For no particular Church ought so far to tender her own honor as thereby to envy prejudice or dammage the unity of other Churches Secondly we must observe that particular Churches for instance those of Saxony and Switzerland may and ought to commend the Summe of the Doctrin of the Gospell which they professe to such as are subject to their Ministery which abridgement of Doctrine compiled and digested into Articles we use to call the Confession of the Churches or Articles of Religion But a speciall care must be had that in the framing of these Articles we insert not into them any thing that is subtile superfluous and litigious For it is not the part of wise Doctors to stuffe those things which should further Peace and the Edification of Soules with that which may trouble the Learned help the Unlearned little or nothing to Salvation For what is this else than to minister to the Learned matter of striffe and to thrust on the unlearned Wind for Milk and Stones for Bread We ought also to have some respect of neighbouring Churches in these our Confessions which wee set forth and nor to affect in our Articles to expose to the view of all that whence occasion of wrangling may bee given to our neighbour Protestant Churches and matter of rejoycing afforded to the Papists These inconveniencies might easily bee avoyded if it would once enter into the hearts of Divines to sever hard and obscure Controversies from the publike Confessions of the Church and confine them to private exercises in the Schooles For whilst we place and proclaime our Controversies in the light Mat. 10.27 and as it were on the house top of our publique Confessions wee shew abroad the nakednesse of the Reformed Churches which it was farre better going backward with our faces wee should desire to cover Lastly when these Confessions are ordered in this manner it is lawfull and usefull for every particular Church to exercise that Jurisdiction over their owne people which in no case they ought or can usurpe over the subjects of another Church For if their own oppose the received Doctrine of their Church established by publique consent they may both for the errors they scatter and for the disturbance they cause in the Church put them aside from the Communion of their Church so long till they leave off to infect others and trouble the Church with their errours But as soon
moderate Papists which begin to open their eyes at the light of the Gospell from joyning with us whilst they observe that we cannot or which is worse will not joyne among our selves Lastly they scarce seem to acknowledge that the Gospel is the power of God unto salvation to every one that beleeveth who because of these controversies lately started make a separation from other Reformed Churches as if there were no hope of the Salvation of all those Christians which have not attained an exact knowledge of these Controverted points For my part I conceive it no great difference whether we place unwritten Traditions in joint commission with the holy Scriptures or whether we enforce our Controversies on all Churches to be knowne and beleeved under the same necessity of Salvation with the solid and manifest doctrin of the Gospel We ought therfore to beware lest whilst the Pastors of the Reformed Churches on both sides command theirs to depart from the Tents of those wicked men Num. 16.26 as infucted with heresie the Romish Wolves break in upon both and drag both Sheep and Shepheards to their Dens Indeed if Divines could calmly debate these disputes with brotherly minds some good or lesse evill at least would redound to the Church But seeing that experience for so many yeares hath approved that this can scarce if at all be done better were these disputes buried in silence than that the discussing of them should teare and mangle so many Churches into peeces For the Christian Church may now take up the old complaint of Hilary Dum propter haec alter alteri Anathema esse coepit nemo â—eâ—e Christi est Whilst for these things each accounted other occursed searce any were of Christ. Seeing these and worse grievances arising from the discords of the Reformed are obvious to every ones eyes Let us enquire what first might cause these bitter and hurtfull strifes betwixt Learned Wise and Godly men what since did daily increase them what now doth perswade them to entaile these Controversies as hereditary on their Posterity The nature of supernaturall knowledge and heavenly things gave the cause or occasion rather to these our contentions For as it is easie for minds inlightned and sanctified to embrace with Obedience to the Faith all things needfull to be knowne to Salvation which are plainly delivered in the holy Scriptures concerning God and Christ and all things to be beleeved and practised so to desire to dive deeper into the Mysteries of Faith than is fitting and thence to draw consequences by the help of our Reason and to annexe them to the fundamentall Articles is a matter of difficulty and danger and the necessary occasion of contentions For 't is impossible but that the wits of men must often differ and sometimes erre in those things which are collected by the mediation of humane understanding Meane time there is none but dotes on the darlings of his own Braines as beautifull and entitles them to be borne of the Bowels of the Scripture hating the reasonings and inferences of others as deformed and springing from the puddles of Reason corrupted Thus whilst men desire to see more in the Mysteries of Faith than is clearely showne in the Glasse of Gods Word rather the heat of their dissentions than light of their knowledge is increased It would apply some plaister to this soare if the Divines of both sides would remember that although all the Articles of the Catholique Faith are plaine and perspicuous as written in Gods Word with capitall Letters so that he that runneth may read them yet what thence is extracted by the chymistry of mans understanding are divers and of different kinds most of them so obscure that they escape the eyes of the most sharpe sighted Divines We must therefore confidently leane with all our weight on what the Scriptures have decided but not lay so much stresse on the consequences of our own deduction * Luth. Tom. 1. in Disp pag. 413. R. C. Facessant Dialectici ubi credendum est Piscatoribus Nam in Mysteriis fidei majestas materiae in Angustias rationis seusyllogismorum includi non potest Luther said well out of Ambrose Away with Logicians where wee must beleeve Fishermen For in the mysteries of Faith the majesty of the matter will not bee pent within the narrow roome of Reason nor come under the roof of Syllogismes wherfore the same Luther wisely admonisheth us that in matters surmounting the capacity of humane Reason we beware of Etymologies Analogies Consequences and Examples Also the imperfection of humane knowledge chiefly when puffed up with a false opinion that it is perfect in us affords a necessary occasion of endlesse contentions Wee all only know in part and in part apprehend Divine matters Wherefore wee ought to conceive that we may as well as others be deceived in that part which we know not wherein we apprehend not If wee were perfect Good Men could not fall out with good Men but those may which as yet are not perfect yea they cannot but fall out except they continually remember this their imperfection That therefore these discords may be avoyded al ought always to remember the Apostles admonition Rom. 12.3 Not to think of themselves more highly than they ought to thinke but to thinke soberly To which this is to be added quietly to beare with them who are of a different opinion from us praying dayly to God that he would be pleased to reveale unto us his truth as yet not fully knowne But in the meane time whereto we have already attained Phil. 3.16 let us wâ—lke by the same rule and be well affected each to others That these things are most true and profitable we cannot deny which being granted why then neverthelesse are these controversies dayly increased Why do these wounds grow more and more raw and bleed a fresh If one may speak the plaine truth there is in all mortall men an inordinate love of themselvs and of their own inventions and pleasing conceits this fault causeth that we see not at all the falshood of those opinions we have once entertained nor vouchsafe admittance to the truth which is shewed unto us by others * August contra Julianum l. 1. Periit siquidem judicium postquam res transiâ— in affectum nostram qualemâ—unque quia nostra jam facta est praevalere volumus sententiam For judgement perisheth when the matter is passed into the affections and wee desire that our opinion whatsoever it bee because now it is made ours may prevaile For where this Selfe-love doth rule Divines whatsoever they pretend will study more to tune the Scriptures to their opinion than their opinions to the Scripture and by head and shoulders drag the Fundamentall Articles of the Christian Faith to the supporting of their doctrines not Fundamental If any could find a cure for this Epidemicall disease we should presently see many controversies and all contentions at least
by the Act of Repentance are made subject to God and his Commandements by the act of Loving and Obeying him No doubt is to be made but that these Churches remaine firmely fastned to their saving Foundation Therefore this saving and undoubted Union of them with Christ ought to bring a Tye and a Band of no meane Consequence to the binding of the Affections of all Reformed Churches together CHAP. IV. Chap. 4 Of certaine Foundations which use to be called Ministeriall and of their Office and Power ALTHOUGH We acknowledge our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ the only personall Foundation of his Church yet do we not deny but that the name Foundation is in a different sense ascribed to others To whom in what respect this high Title is given and what Power and Command they have who are thus intitled it must be afterwards enquired into The name therefore of Foundation is sometimes lent to others but then always in a lessened and restrained acception For they are called Foundations in no other right than because the personall Foundation is layd by their Ministery through the preaching of the Gospell and by the continuation of that preaching always kept in the Church Amongst these Ministeriall Foundations the Prophets and Apostles possesse the prime place Hence the wall of the Heavenly Jerusalem is said to have twelve Foundations Rev. 21.14 and in them the names of the twelve Apostles of the Lambe Also Christians are said to be built upon the Foundation of the Apostles and Prophets Eph. 2.20 In this sense Peter and Paul and all the Apostles were Ministeriall Foundations because all they as wise Master-builders bestowed their excellent paines in laying that only Foundation of which we spake before Wherefore when the Prophets and Apostles are adorned with this honorable Title it is rather to be referred to their saving Doctrin concerning Christ than to their own particular Persons The power of these was far greater than that of their succeeding Ministers because they were so enlightned and governed by the holy Spirit that they could not at all erre either in Preaching or Writing Therefore we acknowledge their Doctrine as the Doctrine of God and Christ certaine infallible and wholly Divine with Tertullian that saith There is no Divine Word but of God alone In that his booke of the Soule Which Word was thundred both by the Prophets by the Apostles by Christ himselfe But the Papists to these Ministeriall Foundations endeavour to joyne another in words calling it a Second and subservient but in very deed making it a Principall and plainly Divine one This honour the Jesuites thinke fit to be conferred on the Pope alone whom they so appoint to be the Second Foundation of the Catholike Church that in the meane time they maintaine him to be the only Foundation of the Church next unto Christ But there is no need to speake much of this fading foundation and palsy-shaking head the Scriptures being silent of any such sole Ministeriall foundation as the Papists do faine Besides all Protestant Churches long since have cast this filthy Idoll of a secondary head and foundation with others of the like nature to the Moles and Bats as fit for so blind companions We owne no power placed in this secondary foundation of the Papists to subject the Faith of Christians unto it counting those little better than mad when they write and maintaine Bellâ—â— praefâ—t in lib. dâ— Rom. Poâ—â— That the power and infallibility of the Pope of Rome is the summe of Christian Religion and his judgment is to bee accounted the square and Rule of Faith But leaving the Pope of Rome le ts come to the Catholique Church which on a farre better title might challenge to her selfe the name of Ministeriall Foundation because the Faith of every one may seeme in some sort to rely upon her For in this even to the end of the World that Doctrine shall bee kept and preached to which those Christians which afford beliefe and obedience are rightly joyned to their foundation and in it shall obtaine eternall Life To this purpose that of Paul to Timothy is often alleadged where he calleth the Church the Pillar and Ground of Truth 1 Tim. 3 15. Neither may we doubt but that in this Holy Catholique Church which wee beleeve in the Creed the truth of the Gospell ever hath and ever will be preserved so farre forth as it shall suffice for the Salvation of those that beleeve it Therefore to know what hath been beleeved received and published of all Christian Churches always and every where is to know all those things which are sufficient for the obtaining of Salvation in Christ the Foundation thereof But this Catholique Church scattered over all the world is presented rather to our mind than outward senses Wherefore when we desire to heare the voyce of the Catholique Church wee are forced to fly to the Church which they call Representative that is to say to a Generall Councell Of which Representative Image of the Catholique Church and of the Ministeriall power therof we will briefly discourse That this Representative Church did excellently discharge the Office of a Ministeriall Foundation in Oecumenicall Synods is witnessed by those foure Councils of Nice Constantinople Ephesus and Chalcedon In which the Divinity of Christ against Arius of the holy Ghost against Macedonius the Union of two Natures in Christ against Nestorius the distinction of two Natures against Eutyches were declared defended and established In these and the like Councils those Doctrines of the Christian Faith which were there in common handled and discussed because therein all that professed Christianity were represented are therefore with great reverence to bee received For it ever belongeth to the Office and lawfull power of this Representative Church to divide and distinguish Fundamentall Doctrines of the Christian Faith from those which were not fundamentall provided alwayes that they passed not the bounds set by the Apostles and Primitive Church to multiply or diminish the Number of these Fundamentals 2a 2ae Qu. 1. Art 7. Resp ad 4. For it is credible what Aquinas observed that the Apostles and others which were nearer to Christ had a fuller Knowledge of the mysteries of the Faith than we that are further off which Cajetan in the same place confesseth to be most true For however that the Apostles and the Fathers of the Primitive Church were not much given to controversall Divinity and disputing about Questions yet were they of all most skilfull in saving necessary and Fundamentall Divinity Moreover after this Representative Church had once published her resolution founded in Gods Word of Fundamentall Articles which were simply necessary to the Salvation of Christians the care and charge also lay upon her to defend fence and fortifie those Articles against all fraud and force of Heretiques For it is the wont of Heretiques to undermine the very Foundation of Christian Religion whilst they retaine the words
Churches that wee keep and preserve our own people safe and sound from their Errours and not that wee may render the others odious branding them for obstinate Heretiques Seeing it is easie to call any man an Heretique but not so easie to comprise in a certaine regular Definition what makes an Heretique Yea if we beleeve Augustine it is a matter of very great difficulty CHAP. VI. Chap. 6 Of the notes and markes whereby we may know that any Point is not Fundamentall WEE have showne already that Fundamentall points have this character plainly printed upon them that without the knowledge of them neither Salvation of Christians nor the Worship of God can consist Now let us adde some other signes and tokens out of which we may safely set down that any point is not Fundamentall although some urge and enforce it for Fundamentall and they especially who have long laboured and sweat soundly in the maintaining of it First therefore that is not Fundamentall which was never clearely revealed from the beginning by the Prophets and Apostles inspired from Heaven to Christian people and to Christian Churches founded by them through the whole World For they had not been pure from the bloud of them all if they had shunned to declare all the Counsell of God to all so far forth as it was necessary to the procuring the Salvation of all by Faith in Christ Jesus And the saving Truth in such necessary and fundamentall things was so revealed by the Apostles that all might behold it Mark 16.15 Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospell to every creature Rom. 1.16 For it is the power of God unto Salvation to every one that beleeveth We preach Christ Col. 1.28 warning every man and teaching every man in all wisdome that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus What therefore in the time of the Apostles was not declared to all that cannot in our Age begin to bee Fundamentall Yea neither the Papists themselves dare deny this although they arrogate to the Pope of Rome and Romish Church more power than is meet over the Articles of the Christian Faith For Canus set all those things apart from the Doctrines of the Catholique Faith Lib. 4. cap. ult pag. 145.146 which were not univorsally preached by the Apostles How much more then ought they to be severed from the Fundamentals Lib. 12.6.10 p. 391. The same Author alloweth that some propositions may bee called Truths of the Christian Doctrine which he thinks not worthy to be called Truths of the Catholique Faith For this name he counts peculiarly to belong to those Doctrines which so nearly concerne the Faith that by removing them Faith it selfe is taken away Lib. i. quest 17. p. 148. And Corduba to the same purpose saith It is no Catholique Truth nor is the contrary opinion Heresie unlesse such a Truth be revealed and generally propounded to all to be necessarily beleeved Last of all Bellarmine himselfe grants us Lib 4. de Verbo Dei cap. 11. That those things which are absolutely necessary for all to Salvation were preached unto all by the Apostles themselves Let this therefore bee the first signe of a Doctrine not Fundamentall that it hath not beene delivered by the Apostles to all publiquely generally and plainely Secondly that is no Fundamentall Point which was never admitted and held for such in the Primitive Church succeeding the Apostles and never recommended to all by generall consent of the Catholique Church For if any will maintaine that the Catholique Church did ever refuse or was ignorant of any Fundamentall Doctrine he must by the same reason maintaine that the whole Church was severed from her Foundation which no man well in his wits will ever suffer to enter into his Thoughts It was well observed by the right Reverend Arch-bishop of Armach a man of singular Piety and stored with the commendation for Learning in all kinds That if at this day wee should put by the points wherein Christians differ one from another and gather into one body the rest of the Articles wherein they generally agree Vsher Sermon before the King pag. 43. which worship Christ God and Man and acknowledge him for their Saviour We should find that in those propositions which without all Controversie are Vniversally received in the Christian World so much truth is contained as being joyned with holy Obedience may be sufficient to bring a man unto everlasting Salvation Which plainely evinceth that these things alone of the common Faith are those which rightly are called Fundamentall but as for those points which we so dearely prise and for love of them clash the Protestant Churches together because of the right of neare alliance which they have with the Fundamentals they may sometimes be ranked amongst true and profitable Doctrines but may not be accounted absolutely necessary or Fundamentall Thirdly it is not a Fundamentall maxime of the Christian Religion which is so handled or propounded that to conceive the truth thereof and to apprehend it with Faith we stand in need of the Wit and cunning of Logicians and of the abstracted and abstruse speculation of Metaphysitians Nazian Orat. 21. For nothing were more unjust than the Christian Faith if it should only sit and belong to those who are Learned and Skilfull in these Arts. Nothing is more usuall amongst Learned Men than in their minds and conceits to abstract the manner of things from the things themselves nothing more common than to propound the same single numericall thing to be considered under severall formall differences and to reare and raise these touring speculations on the plaine Doctrines of the Christian Faith If any such matter were Fundamentall or necessary to be knowne to Salvation there were no hope of the Salvation of all unlearned People But we defend with Augustine Epist 3.22 that the Faith of the holy Church is apprehended not by the Reason of Disputation but the Piety of beleeving otherwise none but the Philosophers should obtaine blessed happinesse Yea we say with the Apostle 1 Cor. 1.20 27. Where is the Wise where is the Scribe where is the Disputer of this World c. But God hath chosen the foolish things of the World to confound the Wise As if he had said Where art thou O Learned man and skilfull in lofty speculations Art thou alone meet to receive the Doctrine of Life Yea every one of the plaine countrey People is more fit than thy selfe and thou altogether unfit if thou thinkest that in these things thou mayst rely on thy own Art and witty apprehension for the way of Salvation is not only a holy way but also so plaine and direct that the foolish cannot wander in it Isa 35.8 So be it they stick to the Word in the simplicity of their hearts On the place As Luther well affirmeth Therefore saving and Fundamentall Doctrines are not to be sought for in the dark
Church conceive the Roman may be hindered and broken off and yet by no default of ours as often as it shall demand and require that we should approve or exercise any Idolatrous Acts in the publike service of God or should command or compell us to acknowledge or receive any doctrines repugnant to Scriptures or Godly mens consciences Yet in the meane time that Church which is counted no whit sound or Orthodox is to be esteemed a visible Church of Christ and to be ranked amongst the particular Christian Churches Yea as much as lies in us wee are to afford to the same all offices of brotherly Charity although our Actuall and outward Communion with the same be neither suffered of them nor may be retained of us because of the false doctrine and superstitious worships prevailing in the same Now out of those things which we before have disputed concerning the difference of Fundamentall points from those which are not Fundamentall we will endeavour to shew that those things are not Fundamentall about which hitherto there hath been such strife with so great heate of mens minds betwixt Protestants Those points onely are to be owned for Fundamentall Reas 1 which being overthrown or not at all beleeved no congregation of men can worship God so as to obtaine from him Pardon Grace and Glory But no point controverted is of this nature Therefore not Fundamentall None will call our Major Proposition into question because it is cleere that those who start asunder from the very foundations of saving Faith are not capable of those benefits which are promised to the Faithfull alone As touching the Minor If any dare affirme that no hope of pardon Grace or Glory doth shine to them who are otherwise minded than the rest in these controverted Doctrines him I conceive to sin more against charity than any of the Protestant Churches sin against verity Yea I dare adde this if any converse or persisteth in this errour alone he more shakes the foundation of the Protestant Truth than those whom he rashly chargeth to have violated the foundation for other errours whatsoever in controversall Divinity Those Points Reas 2 whereabout Protestants contend were neither Preached to the whole world by the Apostles as all those things were which were absolutely necessary to be known and believed to the salvation of Christians neither were they for such recommended by the succeeding Churches universally to Christian People whatsoever therefore divers Churches diversly determined concerning the Truth of these opinion yet ought they all to agree in this That they ought not to be reckoned with the fundamental articles of the Christian Faith If any man can cast and contrive any head of controverted divinity betwixt Protestant Churches into a short and no whit doubted of Proposition and truly affirme thereof This Proposition was maintained by the Apostles was received of the Vniversall Church amongst the Articles of Catholike and saving Faith I yeeld up the bucklers and grant the cause I will call it a Fundamentall Doctrine and I will pronounce those Churches which reject it to have fallen off from the Foundation and I will adjudge them unworthy of Brotherly communion with other Churches But if no Protestant can doe this none ought to call that a fundamentall Doctrine which himselfe defends or to challenge the Divines of other Churches being of another opinion of overthrowing the Foundation much lesse for this cause to deny the Rites of brotherly communion to whole Churches The affirming of Fundamentall Doctrines is so cleerly set down in the holy Scriptures Reas 3 that none of the unlearned much lesse of the learned can fall into the contrary damned opinions except they bee very negligent in learning the Catholike Faith or such as will not learne the Faith it selfe which is manifest in the Scriptures which is truly observed of Augustine De Agone Christi 6.28 But it is plaine to all that in these Doctrines whereabout Protestant Churches dissent that at the least on the one side numberlesse Christians are deceived and they men godly pious and most desirous of the Truth yea many Divines of the first ranke being versed and exercised in reading and meditating of the Scriptures through the whole course of their life Neither let any here object against me that the modern Anti-Trinitarians daily doe search the Scriptures and yet neverthelesse persist in the obstinate deniall of a Fundamentall Article for they are not only negligent in learning the Catholike Faith and drawing it out of holy Scriptures but also they are wilfully contemptuous in opposing the Catholike Faith and furiously bold in recalling the manifest Doctrine of the Scripture to the account of their doating and giddy Reasons subject to an erroneous Vertigo therefore to them agrees that of the Apostle 2 Thes 2.11 For this cause God shall send them strong delusion c. But none can passe the same sentence upon those Christians which adhere either to the Saxon or Helvetian Churches None therefore ought to set downe that those Doctrines are Fundamentall or necessato be known to Salvation in which it is probable that now this side now that side is deceived but impossible that both should be in the right as often as they contradict one another It is no Fundamentall point which Reas 4 cannot otherwise bee extracted or deduced out of the Scriptures than by the hard and long pathes of controversies alwayes untraceable to simple Christians sometimes scarce sometimes not at all evident even to the learned themselves Such are all those things which are in controversie betwixt Protestant Churches whose connexion with the Foundations of the Catholike Faith the Disputants on both sides say they see plainly necessary but the Adversaries on both sides cry it down that they see no connexion at all but plaine people ignorant of the art of Logick oftentimes give a blinde assent to their Doctors being themselves in the meane time altogether uncertaine of the strength of such consequences Things that in this manner are by their Doctors extracted and propounded to Christians may sometimes be true but can never be fundamētall that is absolutely necessary for every Christian to be known and beleeved for the obtaining of eternall life For even as they may enjoy the light and benefit of the Sun who cannot perceive the Mathematicall demonstrations of the bignesse and motions thereof so those may enjoy the light and benefit of fundamentall Doctrines to Salvation who cannot behold the Theologicall inferences and deductions drawn out of them Therefore they are not Fundamentalls but things rightly deduced in some mens Judgements from the Fundamentalls which are so much urged to be beleeved from the Divines which strive amongst themselves It is not the part of wise Divines Reas 5 so to swell and increase the number of Fundamentall points that all Christians as well learned as unlearned should be wholly uncertaine and ignorant what and of what kinde those be which are adjudged properly to belong to the
Churches concerning Fundamentalls and that the whole Bickering is either about certaine manners of speech which are not founded in the Scriptures themselves or about consequences which some affirme others denie that they can be rightly inferred out of the Scriptures meane time the Fundamentalls being safe on both sides although all errour be not excluded about things not Fundamentall The truth of this Assertion will appeare First if with a sincere and prudent Judgement we ponder all those things in which those who wrangle about other matters yet acknowledge there is one Consent and Harmony of all Protestant Churches Pag. 18. James Andrews reckons up seven Propositions of all which he confesseth there is no Controversie betwixt the Churches Pag. 20. Also Beza recites certaine heads of doctrine of the Person of Christ and Communication of his Properties in all which it is evident That all Protestant Divines doe Consent Not many yeeres since the Conference at Lipsigh Pag. 5.6 certaine famous Divines summ'd all these Points up to twelve Articles in which there is unanimous consent of the Communication of the Person of Christ and his Properties In these things wherein we have the opinions of all Protestant Churches so well agreeing I dare not say that nothing is wanting which belongs to knowledge in divinity yet I confidently affirme That there is nothing deficient which pertaines to the Catholike Faith nothing which is necessary to be knowne and beleeved to the Salvation of a Christian man Lastly nothing which argues either these or those to have started asunder from the Foundation or that they ought to start from mutuall Communion If therefore in this Controversie of the Person of Christ and Properties of his Natures there remaine some knotty things which are more smoothly to be explained Let Divines afford their helping hand to this matter and not for this thing rend their Churches in pieces Let them kindly bring back their wandring Brethren into the way let them not furiously break asunder the bands of Brotherly Unity Let them build upon the fundamentall Doctrines their owne Gold Silver or Pretious stones and let them throw downe the hay and stubble built up by others Let them not thrust downe others from the Foundation nor disjoynt themselves from those whom they themselves see stick fast to the Foundation and Fundamentall Articles Secondly what hath been said of the joynt Consent in Fundamentalls may be plainly seene if we weigh all those Heresies that ever opposed the Fundamentall Articles of the Person of Christ and overturned the Foundation of mans salvation For they who damne and curse all these cannot be accused of violating the Foundation except by Slander cannot be condemned but by high injustice But now it is well knowne that no Heresie can be reckoned up whether ancient or moderne against which all the Protestant Churches are not most ready to bring their voice to condemne them In the Conference at Lipsigh whereof we have often made mention for the hope it gave to us of renewing of unity all the speakers with joynt consent Pag. 10. and from their whole heart did damne and reject all errours of ancient and later Arians Nestorians Eutichians Monothelites Marcionites Photinians and by what other names soever they be called On the other side with mouth and heart they gave their consent to the Apostolicall Nicene and Athanasian Creed He that in this manner approves all Points received and allowed of the Ancient Church concerning the Person of Christ and properties of both his Natures rejects all things condemned of the same may perchance in manner of speech retaine a forme of words not very sound or in some consequences may make a small swerving from the Truth but cannot make a departure from the foundation or fundamental Doctrine of the Catholike Church seeing Melanct. said rightly Apud Lutherum Tom. 1o. in disp p. 441. B. That opinions unknown to the ancient church although at this time they be generaly received yet are no Doctrines of the Catholik Church much lesse such Fundamentall doctrines as are of force before God to break the Peace Unity of Churches Thirdly in this matter of the Person of Christ and communication of his Properties that those things are not fundamentall which as yet hang undecided may appear from the very terms and words which Divines are constrained to use to expresse their opinion For in fundamentalls we heare Plaine cleer propositions such as these are In Christ God and Man the humane and divine nature are most neerly coupled together each nature in Christ hath and retaines its owne proprieties The proprieties of one nature can never be made the proprieties of another nature In the person of Christ there is a Communication of Properties by which that is attributed and ascribed to the whole Person which is proper to one of his natures As when we say God was crucified for us or the Man Christ is Omnipotent In this Communication the divine nature neither powreth forth the properties of its Divinity nor infuseth them into the humane nature These and all other things which are cleerly spoken of the Person of Christ and Communication of his Properties are contradicted by none But those things which are conceived and infolded in strange forreign and doubtfull termes beget strifes upon strifes and questions upon questions Such are those Problems Whether the proprieties of the Natures in the Person of Christ be communicated only verbally or really Whether they bee communicated in the abstract or the concrete and others of the same stampe which by the very sound of the words doe appeare to have sprung out of the Schoole of Grammarians and Logicians not of the Apostles and ancient Fathers and therefore not to bee recounted in the number of fundamentalls But let us adde some few things of the questions themselves That some affirme that this question is propounded Whethere there be such an Union of natures in the person of Christ in which neither nature communicates any thing to the other besides the bare name they seem to me to feigne a question which never was betwixt the protestant Churches For with one voice they confesse That such is the Union of the natures in the Person of Christ in which many things are communicated to the humane Nature yea all things although excellent gifts whereof a created nature can be a subject capable to receive them And even as no Protestant corrupteth this Proposition The Man Christ is God with this wicked Interpretation The Man Christ hath the bare and empty title of God So neither doe any deprave this proposition The Man Christ is omnipotent with this perverse exposition The Man Christ is in word only or title Omnipotent but acknowledgeth the matter it selfe which is signified in this Praedicate truly and really to agree to the Man Christ because it truly agrees to his person which the terme Man doth designe and denote They which on the other side defend that it is
it self and which wil take it in very ill part that her parts are pluckt and broken asunder on any colour whatsoever We ascribe it therefore to be an act of Piety that they are fearefull to sin against the Glory of God but wee account it to be from want of wisedome that they esteeme the division of the Protestant Churches as either a necessary or fit or lawfull meanes to the advancing of the Glory of God Those Churches cannot entertaine Brotherly Communion betwixt themselves Arg. 2 Coll. Mempelg p. 567. whose Doctors doe mutually arraigne one another as guilty of horrible errors and the worst Heresies But the Doctors of the Protestant Churches have done and yet doe this in their writings Therefore the brotherly communion betwixt the Churches can neither be retained nor renewed Whatsoever by angry adversaries Ans is branded with the name of Heresie is not presently to bee recounted in the Catalogue of Heresies for my part I conceive that none can free or defend the Divines of these or those sides from all errors in their controversall Writings We therefore who know well to mollifie the harsh speeches of our own Divines with a fovourable interpretation ought not any more to wrest the crooked opinions of our Adversaries and to make foule and horrible Heresies out of their errours whatsoever Hitherto it may be added which all men skilled in controversies know to be most true that those foule Heresies which the Protestants charge one another with for the most part are not expresly found in the writings of the Doctors themselves nor are affirmed of them in very words but are forcibly racked out of other words of theirs by I know not what small threads of consequencies whilest they themselves disclaim them curse such Heresies from their whole heart But good men ought to deale fairely and not to fasten Hereticall sense on other mens words when the Writers themselves which are the best expounders of their own words can and use to reduce them to a Catholike sense Moreover let it be taken for granted which indeed is not to be granted that these Doctors were convicted of those horrible errors whereof they use to be accused namely That they make God the author of sinne That they make numberlesse men to bee created to destruction and damnation That they make Christs Body and Bloud absent in the Lords Supper and that others also are justly condemned for bringing in a double Omnipotency into the Church one created and another increated of the Capernaits rending and mangling of the flesh of Christ of Christs flesh immense infinite yet for these errors of the Doctors were it lawfull for no man to breake off that Brotherly communion which Christ Jesus our elder Brother will have preserved safe and sound betwixt all parts of his Catholike Church which thing we so much the more confidently affirme because whatsoever may be determined concerning the private Doctors most sure it is that all the foresaid errours and others of the same kinde were ever by the joynt consent of all learned and unlearned blackd and branded with the note of Hereticall wickednesse in all Protestant Churches Wherefore what was anciently said of Augustine to the Donatists which ill hated the brotherly Unity of Churches Epist 50. If Caecilian hath sinned Christ hath not therefore lost his inheritance that being a little altered may be used of us If Luther did erre If Calvin did slip into an error Christ therefore hath not lost his Unity nor ought those Christian Chruches wherin Luther or Calvin discharged the function of a Doctor to lose their Brotherly Communion Lastly whereas all particular Churches are gathered together out of men subject to error it is more than probable that there is no Church to be found on the Earth in which either those that teach others or are taught by others are free from all error If therefore any Protestant Church hath determined to have no brotherly communion with any in which their famous Doctors have grievously erred it may safely communicate which none under heaven yea not it selfe with it selfe Therefore for the Errors of the Doctors the Separations of the Churches are not to bee made or allowed They that sit in the Chaire either Doctorall or pastorall Arg. 3 discharge a publike office and their Doctrines are to be accounted the Doctrines of the Churches wherein they live especially when their writings are set forth in print whereby they are made publike and are approved with the expresse at least with the silent suffrage and consent of those Churches wherein they serve When therefore the Doctors maintaine foule and damnable Heresies the whole Church is presumed to be guilty of the same and therefore brotherly Communion is to bee broken off no lesse with the Churches themselves than with their Hereticall Doctors I answer Ans That the Protestant Doctors which on both sides accuse and are accused of some horrible opinions published in their writing were never convicted by their adversaries of so horrible a crime by any publike or legall judgement Yea none can be named of those foule Heresies which they themselves that are accused to maintaine them have not confuted and condemned in their writings Let any that can produce any of those foule Heresies which hee exclaimes to be publikely defended by Luther or Calvin by those they call Lutherans or Calvinists one may easily shew that they have been rejected and condemned of the same John Gerard a most learned man and most famous in the Church of God hath vindicated Luther from such accusations Calvin whilst he lived cleered himselfe and since his death many of ours have cleered him Therefore the very foundation of this argument shaketh as for those things which are built upon it they likewise doe totter every one of them For whosoever sits in the Doctorall Chaire is not therefore to be presumed to teach nothing besides the doctrine stamped with the Church marke and as it were confirmed under their authentical seal Neither if more writers should consent in the same error is the consent of the whole Church presently involved For by sending forth their bookes abroad into the world they make them to be of common Right that any may buy them but not of publike authority All may read them but all ought not to approve and beleeve every thing in them That the matter is thus 't is plaine from hence Because the writings of particular Doctors which have lived in the same Church have not the same agreement which is pretended chiefely in these questions which are in the controversie and if one Doctor let fall that which may bend toward so me pernicious Heresie it may easily be shewn that the same was reproved and amended by some other Therefore with no colour of reason are whole Churches convicted guilty of Heresie and to be cut off from the Brotherly communion with others for the errours of their private Doctors whether falsly or truly objected
Protestant Churches desire all to meet in one brotherly Communion not so much as the least spot or staine of Idolatry were to be feared on either side Away therefore with all pretence of Impossibility drawn from this Reason neither let it make mens mindes or endeavours step aside from this so holy a purpose and designe The third and last obstacle whence the Communion of divers Churches betwixt themselves is held impossible is the asserting and defending of some Fundamentall Article necessary to be known and beleeved to the salvation of Christians on the one side which is sound and Catholique and the denying and opposing the same on the other side which is Hereticall For to grow together into one with Hereticks subverting the foundations of the Christian Faith is to start off from Christ the Foundation of the Christian Church Concerning this hinderance because it is a matter of greatest moment we must dispute somewhat more largely Therefore in the first place I conceive that is to be counted a Fundamentall Article which through the will of God revealing it to the attaining of Salvation and eternall happinesse is so necessary to be known and beleeved that from the Ignorance and much more from the opposing thereof men runne the manifest hazard of losing eternall Life This care and charge lyes not upon the Divines of our age that they should forge new and fundamentall Articles of the Catholique Faith for Christian people That which was not Fundamentall in the times of the Apostles and Primitive Church cannot with all our Affirmings wranglings and Cursings become Fundamentall These first Beleevables which we have gathered and brought together out of the whole body of the Scriptures into the Apostles Creed Epist 57. ad Dardan makes up that Rule of Fundamentall Faith which Auâ—ustine cals common to small and great and determines that it must be maintained of all with Perseverance whereof Hilary almost to the same purpose It is most safe for us to retaine that first and sole Evangelicall Faith confessed and understood in Baptisme Ad Constan August And I think the Apostle had an eye to these Fundamentall Articles when he calls Titus Titus 14. mine owne son after the common Faith This common faith comprised in the Apostles Creed proposeth to all Christians to beleeve the admirable workmanship of all Creatures made of nothing the unsearchable Mystery of the Trinity which is to be adored the benefit of Christ Incarnated Suffering Rising againe Glorified bestowed on miserable sinners and those things which flow from thence the Redemption of mankinde the Sanctification of Gods peculiar people the Communion of the Saints betwixt themselves the forgivenes of sinnes the Resurrection of the bodyes and the Glorification of the faithfull Who so believeth all things which we have contained in this short Creed and endeavours to lead his life conformable to the precepts of Christ is not to be dashed out of the lift of Christans nor to be driven from the Communion of other Christians members of what Church soever On the other side He that filcheth away or carpeth at any of these Articles though he challengeth to himself the name of Christian is to be driven and kept off from the Communion of those which rightly beleeve yet I acknowledge that besides these Articles many Doctrines are contained in the holy Scriptures out of the holy Scriptures may be deduced by firme consequence which are very profitable to be known and conduce much to proficiency in Divine knowledg but then at last are to be â—eld under the perill of losing Salvation or Communion when they are manifestly declared and understood to be contained in the Scriptures or necessarily to follow out of them In these things if any Church cannot so cleere the truth of her opinion to other Churches as to draw them to the same opinion shee ought to cast off their errors but ought not to cast off brotherly Communion with them because of these errours To these I adde that although some place of Scripture may seem to these Churches to establish a Fundamentall Article seems not unto others yet in this diversity of opinions there is not cause just enough to break off the Communion so be it both sides piously beleeve the same Article and acknowledge it to be cleerly and solidly sounded on other places of holy Scripture Lastly and this also must be added It is neither impossible nor swarving from the duty of good Christians to retain communion with those Churches who seem to us to follow some opinion which truly cannot hold together with a fundamentall Article so be it as in the meane time they professe the same Article and with both armes as we say embrace it For it abhors from the rule of Charity yea from sound reason that any for those Consequences by himselfe neither understood nor granted should be conceived to have denied or rejected a fundamentall Article which he firmly beleeves explicitly affirmes and if need were would Seale and Signe the truth thereof with his own blood More true and favourable is the judgement of a great and peaceable Divine Bucere It is not our part to have respect to that which of it selfe followeth of any opinion but to that which followeth in their consciences who hold that Point which we conceive opposite to a fundamentall Article For even as he that believeth any true Principle doth not presently believe and understand all those things which learned Men by consequences may deduce from the same so he that holds any false opinion doth not instantly hold all those things which those of better sight do perceive to be conjoyned with or â—oâ—lowing after that false opinion It is lawfull therefore to urge such consequences to snatch our brethren from their Errors but odiously to charge them therewith as if they were their own proper Doctrines it is unlawfull How farr this spreads it selfe and how forcible it is to establish brotherly union betwixt Reformed Churches Wise men and lovers of the Peace of the Church may easily observe For if it be granted that Communion onely is impossible that is unlawfull with those Congregations which explicity reject any fundamentall Article or defend an Heresie which stabs the Heart and cuts asunder Communion with Christ himselfe that also will follow that this brotherly Communion which we so much desire betwixt the German Churches may be establishes between Churches which are found and those which are not so well in health between Churches of a more and of a lesse refined Standard Therefore lâ—t those Churches which stick to the foundation depart from those which by Apostacy slide back from it but in the meane time from those which erre in matters of lighter moment neither disjoyn from Christ the fountain of life let them not depart Rom. 14.1 Rom. 15.1 The Apostle commands us to receive the weake in faith not to cast them off Wee that are stronger ought to beare the infirmities of the weake
transubstantiation to be made neither conceive there is made any Locall inclusion in the Bread or any durable conjunction out of the use of the Sacrament yet they grant the Bread to be the Body of Christ in a Sacramentall Vnion and that when the Bread is reached forth thâ— Body of Christ is together present and exhibited No one thing can be more like to another than is the judgement of the Helvetians to the judgement of the Lutherans Yet if any suspect that under this concord of words some Repugnancy of meaning and opinion may lye hid neverthelesse this is to be urged and enquired into whether this Repugnancy be such and of so great moment that it renders the Peace and Unity between Churches impossible and makes the Schisme and disjoynting betwixt them necessary and everlasting I know it seemeth farre otherwise to most learned and solid Divines when they side not to take part and are without the Lists of this discord Now as concerning those controversies of the Omnipresence of the Body of Christ the communication of his properties and others that first may seem to have bred whosoever shall weigh with Judgement what is granted what denyed on both sides shall presently perceive that neither of these nor of those any Fundamentall Article is called into question much lesse opposed or overthrowne For whatsoever was determined of these matters by the Catholique Church in the Creeds and Generall Councells that both sides receive and professe whatsoever was rejected and condemned that both alike reject and abhorre but that sometimes one Party should endeavour to draw the other by the small cords of consequences into the dirt of filthy Heresies is not a thing so much to be admired as to be bemoaned We all know the custome of angry disputants especially after they have begun to be throughly hot with long contending Also we have briefly touched before what is to be conceived of Heresies which are charged on others by consequences not at all granted or understood For the present this one thing may suffice to demonstrate the possibility of brotherly communion That on neither side any doctrine which is point blanck contrary to a Foundation of Faith Devoratoâ—rium Salutis or to use Tertullians word such as swallows up and devours Salvation is explicitly defended yea those whiâ—h are such are all cleerely and explicitly condemned on both sides If there be any other new controversies bred betwixt the Churches a-about Predestination Freewill and the like They can with no colour be pretended for the hindering of the Churches communion For in all these this one thing alone belongs to the Catholick and Fundamentall Faith That the free Grace of God in predestinating miserable men in conversion of sinners in setting free of mens wils Lastly in perseverance and Salvation of the Elect be so fully acknowledged that whatsoever he doth to the attaining of the state of Grace or Glory or whatsoever is done by men in reference hitherto that wholly be given to God and granted to Gods speciall grace and mercy On the other side whatsoever pertaines to the corruption of mans nature whatsoever to his obstinacy in sin whatsoever to the viciousnesse and servitude of Frâ—ewill Lastly whatsoever draws miserable mortals to damnation and tumbles them headlong into Hell that we impute all this to our selves and our owne demerits and command it distance to be farre off from God himselfe Whilest these things remaine fixed and immoveable as indeed they doe remaine although in the doctrines built upon the Foundation they have divers manners of conceiving and formes of speaking yea although they follow different opinions such errours are not so deadly that for their sakes a deadly hatred should be hatched or that a perpetuall Schism ought to be norished betwixt the churches If therfore this once be agreed on betwixt Divines that their strifes neither were nor are about any fundamentall Articles and things altogether necessary to be known to Salvation with all it will appeare That it is not impossible that Union and Communion betwixt the Churches be renewed that this pernicious Schisme be forthwith taken away and a blessed Peace for the time to come be holily preserved betwixt the German Churches Now it follows in the next place since we perceive this union is possible that we consider Whether Princes Doctors and even all Christian people be not tyed by vertue of Gods command and their own bounden duty every one for his own part to endeavour that this Brotherly Communion as soone as conveniently it may be be established between the Churches In the first place that of Paul mentioned by us in the beginning seems to intimate that we are all bound to this If it be possible and as much as in you lyeth have Peace with all men If a Civill and outward Peace is to be kept with so great desire betwixt all men without doubt the Spirituall and Ecclesiasticall Communion betwixt Christians is to be procured and cherished with farre greater Enâ—eavours Where therefore no unconquerable impossibility hinders on the part of the thing to be done mans Will cannot be excused which herein neglects or refuses is either lazy or perverse to obey the commandement of God nor is there cause why any should pretend that the differences of repugnant opinions cannot as yet be reconciled If in the meane time the Schisms of the Churches may bee taken away as out of doubt they may I had rather a Milstone were tyed about my neck and I cast into the depth of the Sea than that I would hinder a work so acceptable to God so necessary to the avoyding of scandals or not with all my mind and might further and advance the same Hither it may be added that all have need to confesse that true and genuine charity is no lesse necessary to Salvation for all Churches and members of Christian Churches than the true and entire profession of sound and saving Faith For by this badge our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ would have his true Disciples distinguished and discerned Joh. 13.35 from those that are false and counterfeit By this all shall know that you are my Disciples if yee love one another Now I leave it to be decided of every mans conscience what charity at last that is which permits Christian Churches on no just cause of refusall mutually to deny the right hands of fellowship and eternally to detest the making of an Union betwixt them Is it not enough for us to depart from the Hay and Stubble that is the errours of other Churches except also by making a voluntary rent we depart from the Churches themselves which never as yet departed from Christ Besides I seeme to my selfe to have observed both those that embrace the Zwinglian and Lutheran doctrine as they use to call it on both sides to acknowledge that the Churches whether they maintaine that or this doctrine remaine the true Churches of Christ or the true members of the
up these things seem to mee must be observed by the Divines of both parties First what things hitherto have been spoken or written rather bitterly and perversly than truly and with good consideration of the adversaries in the very heat of contention Let all those things be mutually pardoned for the publike good and be buried in eternall oblivion And if such bookes shall chance to be reprinted againe let it not be done except all the gall be purged out whence the evill of Brotherly contention may againe arise Secondly whereas no man can patiently endure to have himselfe branded with the mark of Heresie we must take heed least any be defamed with the name of Nestorian Eutychian or any other damned Heretick who expresly condemnes the damnable Doctrines of those Hereticks for they cannot abide firmely in Brotherly Communion who persist to exasperate one another with such rayling speeches for some difference in opinion Moreover it were to be wished that those firnames of Lutherans Zwinglians Calvinists were packt away and utterly abolished which are rather the Ensignes of faction Epiphan Her 42.70 than badges of Brotherly Union and which never pleased the ancient Fathers Epiphanius would not that the Christians should weare any 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 no By-name but should only be called by the name of Christians Nazianz. Orat. 30. Institut lib. 4. cap. 30. Wee ought not to be called Petrians or Paulines but Christians saith Nazianzen But of all Lactantius most seveerly saith They leave off to be Christians who omitting the name of Christ have put on humane and outward names But that I may speak as the matter is particular Churches rather have these firnames put upon them than that they put them on themselves or desire to be cloathed therewith Thirdly as much as may be let all hard and undetermined controversies be removed from Sermons preached to the people and bookes written in the Mother tongue and let them rather be counted amongst exercises fit for the Schoole then for food for mens Soules For these subtile questions and intricate controversies may without any discommodity be wanting in the Pulpits but charity which is wont to be wounded by the discussing of such questions cannot be wanting from the hearts of Christians without the extreame perill of their soules The Soules of common people doe play and not profit with such questions and when they have done playing with them not at all understanding these controversies they begin to fall a fighting and skirmishing betwixt selves Lastly If it shall please the Doctors themselves for time to come to enter discourse or to set forth their writings concerning these controversies Orat. 3. de Pace 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Let them meet together not in an hostile manner but in a rationall way as Nazianzen doth wisely admonish Let both aime at this not to conquer or shame their brethren by what means soever but gently and courteously to instruct them and as it were leading them by the hand to bring them back into the way of truth He that in this manner shall be freed from his errour will never count himself conquered but better taught nor will he be confounded as overcome and cast down of his Enemy but will rejoyce as one helped and relieved of his Brother For no man that reapes benefit hath cause to blush Hitherto we have made the draught of the manner of making Peace and preserving Union betwixt different Churches standing upon equall terms of Jurisdiction But because it may and often doth happen that some both learned and unlearned may live under the Government of the same Prince or Church which are forbidden by their conscience either rightly informed or erroneous from subscribing to the common judgement in these controversies let us make enquiry what is to bee done concerning these Now as touching the Ministers of Churches if they desire to make provision for their weak Brethren in these Articles of Religion or if they be willing that their briefe forms of Confession be received and approved of all subject unto them let them not cast into them the nice points of difficult controversies or decisions of subtile questions but rather let them be ordered to the popular capacity the edification of the unlearned the Salvation of all They must well weigh the wisdome of our Ancestours whose ancient Confessions if we had not on set purpose to disturb the Church interlined and stuffed with new opinions no man well in his wits would have been found who would not willingly have subscribed unto them Neither is there any need at all that we should clog and burthen the publike confessions of the Church with such additions when God himselfe hath decreed to bring his people to a blessed life not through the rough and rugged places of hard and long questions but by the plaine even and short way of Faith and Charity To what purpose therefore are disputes and strifes about words What make the subtleties of the Schoolemen in the Confessions of the Church All the Salvation of Christians consists in beleeving and worshipping In orat unum esse Christum as of old it was gravely said of great Athanasius To these things it may be added that they can scarce or not at all preserve Peace unviolated with other Churches not at all subject unto them who for the same Doctrine they professe persecute those which are under them and persist to cut them off as Hereticks from their Communion They may seem truly silently to upbraid Heresie to other Churches and by this very deed to intimate as much that though with their mouth they acknowledge them for Brethren yet in their hearts they much detest and abhorre them Lastly unlesse the briefe formes of publike Confession be restrained and confined to doctrines necessary and not to all controverted betwixt the Protestants themselves this inconvenience will follow thence that many Pastors learned pious and peaceable will be excluded and quite shut out nor shall they be able to doe any service in those Churches in which they live But if any doubt whether lawfully they may keep holy Communion amongst themselves in one and the selfe same Church who embrace not at all one and the self same opinion in every respect in all the heads of Doctrine in Divinity that I indeed conceive ought to be resolved on as a thing beyond all reach of doubting For as pertaining to that holy Communion which Christians have amongst themselves in the Lords Supper it chiefly consists in these things That with the common band of the holy Spirit wee are joyned to Christ the onely head of the Church That by the tyes of the selfe same holy Spirit and saving Faith and Charity we stick together amongst our selves and as it were are made up into one Body Lastly that as fellow-commoners we eate and drink the same living bread and drink to wit the flesh and blood of Christ to the salvation of our Soules In all these
things they professe the same Communion who are admitted to the same holy Supper But in very deed as by this mutuall Communion we doe not professe that we all have attained a perfect or the same degree of knowledge in Diviniry so neither doe we by this deed protest that we have a perfect consent amongst our selves in all heads of Doctrine in Divinity or altogether the same opinion of every question If the Communion of Christians amongst themselves should stand on these hard termes scarce could Peter and Paul have held Communion amongst themselves Sure the Church of the Corinthians had been broken into shivers but in these our times it had not been easie to finde many divines of great credit who could with a safe conscience be partakers together of the Lords Supper All Rulers therefore of Churches ought being guilty of their own and the common infirmity to beware least whilst they exact require from their own people a too harsh and not at all necessary confession they seem to shake and weaken the most sweet and most necessary Communion of Christians amongst themselves So much concerning the Governors of the Churches Wee come now to the Ministers or any other Christians which desire Communion with the Chruches wherein they live and yet cannot worke upon their consciences with any entreaties to approve and professe all the received opinions of the same Church It shall be their duty to afford and expresse themselves teachable and humble not obstinate and proud in the maintaining of those opinion wherein they step aside from the common opinion of the Church but he is to be counted teachable and humble who willingly and submissively lendeth his cares and heart to the Church teaching him who rejects not the doctrine propounded unto him out of a vitious disposition of his Rebellious will but is hindred by the weaknesse of his understanding that he sees not the Truth in these hard controversies which those who are more learned and accurate perchance with no difficulty can discern Now because 't is the priviledge of God alone to search hearts it is our part ever to encline to the most favorable side and to presume of every one where the contrary appeares not by manifest evidence that rather out of conscience than stubbornnesse he is detained and hindred from affording his consent They who shall behave themselves in this manner are not for every stubble of erroneous opinion to be parted and kept off from the Churches Communion wherein they live Yet on those terms and conditions they are not to be driven off if they presume not at all to oppose the common Judgment of the Church or to extoll and spread their private opinions amongst the people Nor ought they to take this in ill part who are desirous to entertaine Peace and Ecclesiasticall Communion for suppose the opinion of any private Doctor or Christian to be true and that to be erroneous which useth to bee defended by the Church yet if the error be in a matter or opinion which hinders not the Salvation of Christians farre better is it that the true opinion of any private Doctor whatsoever lye hid in the dark than that the publike authority of the Church bee in the broad light openly trampled upon or the Peace of the Church be shaken by this altogether unnecessary bickering of contrary opinions as with the struggling of windes crossing each other But if any one perswadeth himselfe that that opinion which he defends against the judgement of the Church be of so great moment that the Salvation of men doth depend from the knowledge thereof if he cannot perswade the same to the Rulers of his own Church he must either depart unto another Church or else for the good of the Soules in that Church to which he is subject patiently to undergoe the censure imposed upon him These are the things most learned Duraeus which I though fit at your request to write and send unto you If they may be usefull to you or any other towards the furthering of the Union of the Churches I have abundantly satisfied mine own desire and purpose They without doubt may suggest more and better things to whom the present estate of the German Churches is better known and looked into This thing alone remaines for me to doe humbly to pray to the God of Heaven that he would bow the hearts of Princes from their Soules to desire this Union of the Churches that he would enlighten the mindes of Divines to finde out and apply those meanes whereby it may foonest be established that he would kindle the hearts of all Christians to embrace and propagate this Peace to all Posterity The God of peace grant this for his Sounes sake our only Mediatour and Procurer of Peace with the Father to whom with the Holy Spirit be all Honour Glory and Thankesgiving for ever and ever Amen FINIS AN EXHORTATION to the restoring of Brotherly COMMUNION betwixt the PROTESTANT CHURCHES FOUNDED IN THIS That they do not differ in any Fundamentall Article of the Catholique Faith IN DOMINO CONFIDO LONDON Printed by R. B. for Richard Badger and John Williams 1641. An Exhortation to the restoring of Brotherly Communion Chap. 1 betwixt the Protestant CHURCHES CHAP. I. Of the discommodities and occasions of these Discords together with the Remedies briefly declared WHAT Cicero the Oratour said once of the Discords betwixt famous men Orat. de harusp respons that may we now truely say of the Dissentions betwixt severall Churches that they usually end either in the destruction of them all or in the injurious domineering of the Conquerours over the party subdued Now though it is to be hoped that there is none amongst the Reformed Churches which affecteth a sole and absolute Command over the rest Yet is it much to be feared least all by these dayly and deadly contentions which God forbid hasten their own overthrow Whose present condition the godly bemoane and by the miseries fallen on some guesse the dangers hanging over all unlesse they schooled with their calamities at last begin to be wise and heartily study the advancing of Peace For whilst this strife groweth hot amongst Brethren they afford their enemies constant matter of rejoycing and insulting over all Churches and not only of rejoycing and insulting but also arme them with infinite opportunities to hurt and oppresse them Nor do they order the matter well for their own people which will have even the unlearned to be distracted about such endlesse Controversies which perchance the Learned are never able to determine If Schollers only were to enter the Lists and to combat with Schollers the danger were lesse but it is too plaine that Christians of all sorts and sides are summoned to the fight whose minds are no sooner entangled in these needlesse controversies but they are cal'd away from the most necessary duties of charity and fruits of new obedience Moreover these dissentions betwixt the Reformed Churches hinder the more
Church when it is compared to a Building when it is likened to a Man is termed the Head when resembled to a Tree stiled the Root It is called an Head because it maintaineth the members united unto it ceasing not to convey spirituall strength and life into them In the same sense it is named a Root because it spouteth a vitall Sap into all the Boughs and Sprigs ingrafted in it As therefore those are counted Fundamental Doctrines which are sufficiently effectuall and absolutely necessary to joyne Christians to their Foundation so may they also be called Capitâ—â—â— or Radicall Articles which being known and beleeved by any Members of the Mysticall Body they may be united to their Quickning Head and any of the Branches may rely upon that Roote of theirs which conveyeth Life unto them and stick fast to the same Moreover as every thing is not sitly called the Foundation which is usefully imployed about the building but only that which is so underlaid beneath the building that without it it cannot be supported but may stand strongly if coupled and conjoyned with it So all Doctrines profitable for the furthering of edification are not properly termed Fundamentall but only those which are so necessary to be known that without them there is no coupling of the building to the Foundation with them a saving conjunction may be had though somethings be wanting which are requisite to the perfecting of the Knowledge of a Christian Lastly 2 Tim. 3.16 let us acknowledge with the Apostle all Scripture to be profitable for Doctrine for Reproofe for Correction for Instruction of all Christians in Righteousnesse Godlinesse and Truth but we do not call all propositions founded in Scripture Fundamentall Doctrins because the nature of the thing and the propriety of the Metaphor doth forbid it The folly of Tanner in a like case was laughed at by all when in Conference at Ratisbone he feircely maintainedt hat whatsoever is affirmed in the Scripture is an Article of the Christian Faith as for example that Tobiah had a Dog But least we should stay longer than it is meet in handling the bare signification of words be this setled and resolved on that the names of Foundation and Fundamentall agree only to those things which in reference to what is founded on them are of absolute necessity and power to bring unto Salvation I find amongst Divines in this Sense a threefold acception of Foundation 1. Personall Foundation of the Church and this only one properly so called 2. Ministeriall Foundations of Churches so termed but not in the same Propriety of Language 3. Doctrinall Foundations justly so called as deserving that honorable stile not by the Opinion of a few Divines but the constant Judgment of the Catholique Church All the difference betwixt the Reformed Churches is about the two later yet can it not easily be composed Chap. 3 except we discourse of all three So much of thenotion and use of the words we come now to handle them severally in order CHAP. III. Of the only Personall Foundation of the Church Christ Jesus God and Man Mediator betwixt God and Men and of the true conjunction with him THE most wise God and most loving towards mankind was pleased to found a Church which should endure for ever and prevaile against the Gates of Hell Now such a Church could not be except it stood on a solid and eternall Foundation which might not be forced by any strength or foundred by Engines God therefore thought fit to lay no other Foundation than Jesus Christ the eternall Son of an eternal Father whom he sent into the World that every one which beleeveth on him might not dye but have everlasting life The prophets and Apostles witnesse with a joynt consent Him alone to be the Personall Foundation of the Church Psal 118.22 Esay 28.16 Act. 4.11 12. 1 Cor. 3.11 Hence David calleth Him the corner Stone Esaiah termeth Him a tryed Stone Precious and placed in the foundation of Zion This is the Stone set at nought by the Builders which is become the Head of the Corner neither is there Salvation in any other Other foundation can no man lay than that is laid which is Jesus Christ. Now what hath been said of this one only Foundation ought also to be understood of the one only Head Husband Root of the Church and also of all other Metaphorical Titles which import the same dignity of Christ the Churches same dependancy on him For Christ God and man is the only quickning and saving Head of the Church from whom the whole Body is fitly joyned together and compacted Eph. 4.15 16. Ioh. 3.29 Hos 2.20 Fph. 5.26 He is the only Bridegrom of the Church who hath the Bride and hath espoused her to himself that he might Eternally preserve that is that he may sanctifie her in this World and present her glorious in that which is to come Lastly he is the heavenly root of the Church Col. 2.7 in whom whosoever are rooted spring up towards Heaven and shall continually flourish in Heaven This Personall prerogative is so properly invested in Christ God and man that it can agree to no other Heb. 2.11 Not to Angels because they want that conformity of Nature which ought to be betwixt the Foundation and things founded in it the Head and the Members joyned unto it the Husband and Wife coupled to him in lawfull marriage Not to a bare man because no mortall by reason of the corruption and weaknesse of humane Nature can possibly performe the office of a Foundation Head Spouse in upholding quickening and preserving of the Church Not to God himselfe considered alone in the dreadfull nature of his Divine Majestie For though we acknowledge God the founder of the Church we still want a Foundation to which we need not feare to approach draw neare to come and as it were to glue our selves But the Majesty of God considered in it selfe is not only a light not to be approached unto but also is a consuming fire and what mortall man can dwell with a devouring fire Heb. 12.29 Isa 33.14 We cannot therefore have in or under Heaven any other personall Foundation by the Mediation whereof we may be reconciled and united to God save only the Word Ioh. 1.14 Made Man full of Grace and Truth But to what purpose is this dispute about a matter so plaine and granted of all Protestants Namely that it may hence appeare that other Churches neither may nor ought to renounce brotherly Communion with those particular Churches which retaine a saving conjunction with this Foundation We wonder not that the Papists who besides Christ himself make another personall Foundation another Head another Husband of the Church cut and cast off all Churches though firmely and fastly sticking to Christ which cleave not to the Pope of Rome as to their Foundation Head Husband Nor care we for their false clamours whereby they think to affright the
as they repent of their errors they are to be received againe into the Bosome of their Mother Thus may they deale with their own But when they are to meddle with Churches not at all subordinate unto them they may hold Divine concord and keepe Gods Peace with those which think and teach otherwise than themselves as we may see it in Cyprian Epist. 72. ad Stephanum 73 ad Julianum It will not be from the matter after this our discourse of Particular Churches to adde something concerning some famous and eminent Doctors in the same For private Doctors are also in their distance to be accounted Ministeriall foundations who in the maintaining expounding defending preaching or writing the Truth of the Gospell have imployed their commendable paines And here amongst the principall Doctours of the Reformed Churches wee reckon those Worthyes Luther and Philip Melancthon not fearing to joyne unto them Bucer Calvine Martyr and others whom we need not to name But of all these though exellent Divines of our Age we ought so to esteeme as accounting them Stars but not Deities in our Churches nor do we reverence them as the Prophets and Apostles inspired by God but value them as godly Men worthily learned and raised up by God for the generall good of the Church withall confessing them to bee but ordinary Ministers and subject to their mistakes Besides we must beware that we do not suffer the Churches themselves to be sirnamed by Epithets from these famous Men. Lactan. Instit lib. 4. cap. 30. For to put off the Name of Christ and to put on and weare humane and outward names is far from Christians and most times is the fuell of endlesse dissention That therefore of Nazianzens ought wonderfully to please all prudent and pious Christians Orat. 30. I reverence Peter yet will I not be called a Petrian I honour Paul yet will I not be called a Paulian If private Christians can not take this in good part how much lesse is it fitting to nick-name a whole Church from a single man Last of all I may adde this concerning private Doctors It is a most in jurious thing that a whole Church should be indited guilty of the errors of that Doctor whatsoever hee bee which hath or doth use his Ministery therein unlesse it doth appeare that that Church by their publique assent doth approve and maintain his errors But where is there one of an hundred amongst common Christians who so searches the books of their Doctors that he giveth his consent to all their Opinions Yea where is there one amongst those Doctours themselves which doth not from his whole heart abhorre such errors when his adversaries charge him with them Lastly where is there one to be found amongst the Learned in any Church who hath so sworne to defend the words of Luther or Calvin or any other writer but that he thinks it lawfull to depart from them where they depart from the Truth Now seeing it is manifest these things are so if these which wee call Ministeriall Fundamentals sometime in some things do shake or stagger we must not pin their Personall errors upon the whole Church Apud Luth. Tom. 1. disp de Author Eccles pag. 439. B. For the Church properly so called doth not allow whatsoever ill Doctours mingled in the Church do allow as rightly Melancthon to which we adde neither every thing which good Doctors have taught ill CHAP. CHAP. 5. V. Of the Doctrinall Foundations of the Christian Faith in Generall and how farre they are to bee beleeved under the necessity of Salvation THE Doctrine of the Holy Scripture contained in the Books of the Prophets Evangelists and Apostles is that Foundation on which alone the Faith of Christians may safely rely because of the most certaine authority of God revealing it Nor must we give eare to the Papists when they object Augustin Confes lib. 6. cap. 5. Irenaeus li. 3 cap. 1. Whence know you those Books to have been given to mankind by the Spirit of the most true God If God as yet hath not perswaded me in this point he hath not as yet perswaded me that I am a Christian For the will of God hath commended the Scriptures unto us to be the Foundation and Pillar of our Faith If the Romanists will give no credence neither to Augustine nor Irenaeus they ought notwithstanding undoubtedly to beleeve Peter 2 Pet. 1.19 20 21. who calleth the voyce of the Scriptures a voyee more sure than that which came down from Heaven and not brought by the will of man but holy men of God spake it as they were moved by the holy Ghost Therefore the holy Scripture so propoundeth the foundations of our Faith and fastens the Rule of our Doctrine that the Faith of Christians only trusteth and reposeth it selfe on those Revelations which are contained in the canonicall Books I will say nothing against that fantastick imaginary Doctrinall foundation which the Papists trislingly defēd to be in a word not written and couched in the privy cabinet of the Popes breast because I conceive so profane and grosse an error in a matter of so great moment amongst wel instructed Christians is not worthy of a confutation He that seeks for the Doctrine of Salvation and Eternall Life out of the Scriptures shall find it no sooner than if hee looked for the Tree of Knowledge and Life out of Paradise But although wee straitly maintain that no fundamentall Doctrine of Faith is to bee sought for out of the Bookes of the Old and New Testament yet wee do not defend that all things contained in these books are fundamentall points so necessary to be known and beleeved that if any of these be unknown or denyed of any we should presently adjudge them to have falne off from the foundation of Salvation Many things in the Books of both Testaments are Historicall some things are dogmaticall which are truly affirmed and profitably placed there and yet are accounted not to come into the Number of Fundamentall points Numberlesse things there are which by true firme consequence may be deduced out of the Scriptures and yet mount not up to this high pitch of honour Therefore those things only are to be set apart and owned for Fundamentals without the plaine and explicite Knowledge whereof none can be saved in which as well Negative infidelity not at all to know them as positive infidelity to refuse to beleeve them doth condemn Now such are all those things without which we can neither savingly beleeve in Christ nor rightly call upon God in Christ and worship him to the obtaining of eternall Life In a word without which Christians can neither have pious affections towards God nor exercise the Religious Acts of Faith Hope and Charity being absolutly necessary to Salvation These two things beene yeelded and granted that our Faith is to trust on the Scriptures alone and that all every one of those things
which may be seen in the large prospect of the Scriptures are not to bee ranked with Fundamentals this is to be added in the third place that our Faith is so subject and tyed to the whole word of God that every one is bound to embrace every Truth which hee sees revealed in the holy Scriptures or duly derived from them For although out of the nature or matter of a Proposition we are not bound and obliged to beleeve and know it under the perill of losse of Eternall Life Yet notwithstanding because of the authority of the revealer so oft as it shall appeare unto us that such a proposition is revealed in Scripture we are bound not to refuse it For whatsoever he should pretend on the contrary who at his pleasure shall trample on a proposition which he understands to bee founded on the Scripture he is to be accounted one that gives not that beleefe which he ought to any proposition For Instance sake That Christ is God and Man is a plaine Fundamentall Article which if not at all beleeved we can neither beleeve in Christ himselfe nor so worship God as to be restored into his favour and admitted into his Kingdom But many things are expresly mentioned in Scripture of this Christ himselfe Incarnated which are not Fundamentall also many things may bee deduced from this Fundamentall Article Christ is God and Man which are not to be reckoned as Fundamentals If notwithstanding they be perceived and understood to bee placed in or duly deduced from the Scriptures hee contemnes God speaking in the Scriptures who beleeves not such Propositions But as often as it shall happen not out of the perversnesse of the Will but weaknesse of the Judgement that he being deceived with an Imagination Aug lib 4. ad Vinc. Vict. cap. ult that Truth and Piety are on his side shall affirme or deny any thing repugnant to the Scriptures even in those his Tenets which thorough his Ignorance are not Catholique his heart and mind notwithstanding is Catholique because it is prepared for amendment on better information Of such therefore we may rightly say Heb. 5.14 Rom. 14.1 that they have their Senses not so well exercised in heavenly matters that they are weak and children in Faith that they are not to be taken along with us to doubtfull Disputes but we cannot truly call them forraigners estranged from Christ Apostates from the Faith such as are to be separated from Brotherly Communion with the Godly However therefore let it be taken for granted that the Romish Prelats do not deny any Fundamentall point truly and properly so called hence notwithstanding it appeares that they both hurt the Unity of the Catholique Faith and hinder the Union of the Catholike Church For what Church soever shall patch their own uncertain opinions to the fundamentall Articles of the Christian Faith must needs mishape and deforme the body of the Catholique Faith by joyning to it so many members both useles and monstruous But as for those which use the same and inforce them on other Churches to be beleeved under the necessity of Salvation it manifestly appeares that they alone are guilty of the rents in the Catholique Church Herein the pride of the Romish Church swels so big that it leaves no room to receive the Truth but I hope that all Protestant Churches will at length consent in this to renew the Brotherly Communion betwixt them and not to thrust their private opinions on others That attempt of the Papists to shut out all from the Catholique Church and eternall Salvation which in all things give not their assent to the Creed of Trent ever seemed to me so desperate and foule that all the water of the Ocean powred upon Rome can not wash away the staintherof Wee desire that all which wee have spoken be understood of casting them off from Brotherly Communion who either out of obstinacy or ignorance contradict the Scriptures in any Principle of Catholique Faith which not at all being known we can neither have Union with Christ nor Adoption by him into the Son of God which not at all being beleeved we can neither rightly perform Gods worship nor from him obtaine Eternall Salvation Such things are neither denied nor unknown of any which challenge to themselves the name of Christians save only those 2 Cor. 4.3 4. in whom the God of this world hath blinded their mind lest the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ should shine unto them Moreover neither are the things which we have said so to be taken as if thereby leave and liberty were given to Christian people to set up their rest in fundamentals and to go no further in searching the Scriptures as if it were lawfull to sleight any Doctrine which we confesse not to be fundamentall 2 Tim. 3.16 Yea all Scripture given by Inspiration of God is prositable for Doctrine for reproofe for correction for instruction in righteousnes We must therefore endeavour Col. 3.16 that the Word of God may dwell in us plentifully in all wisdome that we go on to perfection and not always make our abode only in Fundamentals In the words of Saint Augustine wee thus call upon all Christians Epist. 222. Let every one of you gaine to himselfe as much Knowledge of Faith as he can greater if he desires more lesse if lesse yet so that he gives not off from his journey till he attaine unto perfection Last of all I would not have these things which are spoken in generall of the doctrinall foundations of the Christian Faith to be so understood as if this care and duty did not lye upon Doctors and Pastors to instruct their people in every Doctrine of the Scripture wherby they may bee furthered and edifyed in Faith and Piety but that principally they urge and inculcate these Fundamentals as of principall moment to Salvation This was the judgement of Luther in his Preface to the greater Catechisme where he willingly confesseth himselfe to be a Scholar of the Catechisme Tom. 5. p. 645. Surely great is the unhappinesse of Christian people where by reason of the noyse and over much heat of controversies they have scarce leave or leasure to heare or thinke of the Fundamentall and saving Doctrin of the Scriptures and not at all to doe those deeds most necessarily required by Gods Commandements Now as concerning forreigne Churches I deny not but that other Churches may and ought to confute their errors although they contradict not the Foundations of the Christian Faith Nazian orat in S. Epiph. But let their Errours be confuted and not the Parties erring be traduced let the matter be handled by Arguments not by Outcries by Reasons not by Railing nor let them contend about Words when the divers sound of Syllables may be brought to Spell and make up the same Sense To shut up all in a word we must so dispute of all Points not Fundamentall with the Doctours of other
clouds of speculation but in the plaine propositions of the holy Scriptures to the conceiving whereof there is more need and use of Faith than Art of an obedient Heart than of a subtile and piercing Wit Fourthly as all points justly challenging to themselves the Title of Fundamentall are plaine and naked for the manner of their Expression so ought they to be few and so framed that they do not swell to an infinite number yea that they grow not into so great a bulk burthensome to bee portable in the memory of Gods little ones Hence Aquinas cals them the First things to be beleeved 2a 2ae Qu. 2. de Fide cap. 2. and speciall Articles of the Faith William Paris termes them the Fundatories of Religion Others stile them Radicall Truths But although these first Fundatory and Radicall Doctrines of the Christian Religion may beget and bring forth a great uncertaine and numerous of-spring of Consequenceâ— arising from and following after â—â—â—m yet it beares no proportion with reason that they in themselves should 〈◊〉 many or uncertaine When therefore wee behold that to these First credibles of the Divine Essence and Attributes of the Incomprehensible Trinity of the Hypostatical Union of two Natures in Christ of the Cómunication of his Properties and almost of every Object of Knowledge in Divinity there is annexed so great a traine of severall points as thick Volumes are not able to containe them it is most certainely sure that the greatest part of them is not Fundamentall All Christians ought to heare the Counsell of Learned Nazianzen Orat. de Modest observ in D sp Contemplate saith he on Divine things but stay stil in the Termes Speake the Phrases and Language of the Spirit and if it be possible nothing else Do not thou curiously pry thorow those narrow rifts into the Nature of the Father the Essence of the only begotten Sonne the Glory of the Holy Ghost and one God in three Persons Vse the words accustomed the reason of them belongs to those that are Wiser to inquire Let it satisfie thee that thou hast the Foundation and let alone to Artificers to build thereupon Would to God only Artificers would build upon them would to God they would not mingle their many and almost infinite superstructures with the few and plaine Fundamentals to bee embraced with equall affections and to bee received with honour alike If they endeavour thus to do yet it becomes all pious and prudent Christians to discerne and make a difference betwixt those first and few things to bee beleeved immediately revealed by Christ and his Apostles and those numberlesse deductions of Divines which they according to their severall minds and opinions seeke to thrust and crowd into the same roome with Fundamentals Fiftly it is no Fundamentall point which though furbished and attired in new termes is not the same in effect with the Doctrine expressed in the words of the Holy Scripture For if the addition of our new coyned words importeth any thing more than what is in the Scripture this new accession may bee allowed for a consequent of the Fundamentall Doctrine but it cannot with this new peece bee urged for a direct downeright Fundamentall Doctrine But if the new word or the addition therein for matter of the Sense of the Proposition brings no new thing at all but so that understanding the Termes the effect of both appeares to be the same then wee acknowledge both to bee Fundamentall For the disserence of the expression alters not the nature of a Fundamentall Doctrine where the essence and meaning of the Proposition remaines the same What wee have said somewhat obscurely we will make plaine by an example Christ is God and the Sonne of God This is a Fundamentall Point and so also is this Christ is coessentiall with God his eternall Father For although in the latter there is a new Terme yet it addes no new thing nor affirmes any thing which will cause the cumberance of a toilesome deduction to extract it out of the former but whosoever understandeth the termes of both presently understands that they agree so well as in sense they are the same For no man of sound sense can have a conceit of diverse Gods in the same Essence or substance But if the Doctrine or Proposition deck't in forraign Termes and new language cannot bee annexed to a plaine and cleare Fundamentall Article without a busie and artificiall deducing of it it ought not to bee inserted into the Catalogue of Fundamentals Indeed those which perceive the force of the Consequence or Deduction are bound to afford beliefe to such Consectaries But they to whom it doth not sufficiently appeare that such a Proposition followeth from any Fundamentall point they are not bound to embrace it for a tried Truth much lesse for such a Doctrine without which no hope is left to obtaine Salvation To conclude in a word As often as it is inquired whether any Doctrine bee Fundamentall or no let us not give heed to the clamours of Disputants But have recourse to those Notes which now wee have reckoned up If the Doctrines they presse on us bee not clearely recommended by the Apostles themselves to the Catholique Church in the first preaching of the Gospell if in succeeding Ages they were not Universally received if they bee not suited to the capacity of simple Christians but only fitted to the braines of Philosophers and Logicians if they bee too many and not comprised within certaine bounds Lastly if expressed in such formes of Speech that they cannot bee reduced to an equivalent sense with a cleare and of all confessed Fundamentall Article sometimes they may bee Truthes but they can never beâ— counted Fundamentals CHAP. Chap. 7 VII Of the Summe of Fundamentall points contained in the Creed and Commandements so farre as wee ought to Beleeve or Practise MANY of the Papists and somme of ours when we maintaine that the difference betwixt the Reformed Churches is not about Fundamentals presently require of us to bring in a Bill and set forth an acurate Catalogue of Fundamentals so that we may say so many Fundamentals there be of the Christian Faith neither more nor lesse We easily answer the Papists that it were presumption in Protestants who confesse themselves subject to errour to undertake so hard a Taske let Papists rather addresse themselves to the Pope of Rome who alone can speake Oracles and is said to have all Laws Humane and Divine lockt up in the Closet of his Brest But if any of our men shall earnestly maintaine that unlesse this first be done no Brotherly love can be renewed betwixt the Protestant Churches let him try which is somewhat more easie if he can but only reduce the Propositions in Controversie which he desires should be Fundamentall to a certain and stinted number If he shrinkes to do this let him not blame the backwardnesse of others in the same matter Although it be not hard to show the reasons why
the Fundamentall Points can scarce or not at all to be brought to a set number First of al that which hinders is this that according to the diverse conceits of diverse men the formes of Propositions are altered and one Divine breaks that into two which another makes up into one Proposition Hence of necessity must arise an uncertainty of their number Which wee see to have happened in the very Articles of the Creed Aquâ—n 2. 2. quaest 1. aâ—an coâ—p which Divines commonly count to be twelve and yet some reckon them up fourteen What shall I say that as yet Divines are not well agreed amongst themselves of the very distinction of a Fundamentall point Some restraine this name to those Doctrines alone which with an expresse Faith are to be beleeved of all Christians to the obtaining of Salvation and eternal life by Christ and this I professe to bee mine opinion Yet are there some most learned and famous Divines which terme all Propositions Fundamental Doctrines which they themselves by good and strong Consequence inferre out of the former Fundamentals although few or none bee found in their neighbouring Churches who plainely perceive the Truth of these Consequences Many things deterre me from being of this opinion but this most especially that this would bee a necessary and everlasting cause of an unnecessary and everlasting Rent betwixt the Churches of Christ Lastly there never were nor will bee wanting some who will require that it may bee reckoned amongst the Fundamentals whatsoever themselves unlearnedly and erroneously dreame that they have digged and drawn out of the Word of God And these for the most part are those hatefull and troublesome Brawlers who presently give out the Alarum that the Foundations of Religion are pluckt up from the very roots if any dare shake their imaginary Fundamentals Whilst the very nature and definition of a Fundamentall Doctrine flotes in this manner it is no more impossible to count the waves of the Sea than it is percisely to define the set and certaine number of Fundamentall Doctrines ebbing and flowing according to mens severall opinions But least I might seeme wholly to wave and decline the marking out of Fundamentall Doctrines I will shew plainely what was the opinion both of Ancient and Moderne Divines in this matter by publique producing of their testimonies As touching things to be beleeved all Foundations of the Christian Faith are comprised in the Apostles Creed neither shall he who from his heart professeth that he affordeth beliefe to all and every thing therein contained be deficient in any thing so farre as concernes things to be beleeved to the partaking of Salvation in Christ and retaining of Communion with the brethren of Christ Now let us see how honourably the ancient Fathers did both thinke and speake of this Creed Irenaeus saith That the Church dispersed thorow the whole World received this Faith from the Apostles Lib. 1. cap. 2 3. and carefully kept it so that by consent in this Faith they as it were dwell all in one house and have one heart And hee sheweth that this Faith doth suffice for the Vnity of all Churches together amongst themselves as the Dutch Spanish French Easterne Egyptian Lybian in a word all Christian Churches Irreformabâ—â—em lib. de Virgin velan Tertullian calleth this Creed the one Rule of Faith sole immoveable and which need not or may not be altered or reformed Hilary tyred with the contentions of the Arians takes breath with this speech Ad Conslat August It is most safe for us to retaine the first and sole Evangelicall Faith Confessed and Vnderstood in our Baptism Augustine cals this Creed the comprehension and Perfection of our Faith Tom. 10. de temp Serm. 2. Domâ— in Ramis palmar pag. 849. Serm. 131. adding with all that it is plaine short and full so that the plainenesse doth provide and take order to helpe the homelinesse of simple Auditours The shortnesse easeth the memory and the fulnesse compriseth all Doctrine In another place he cals it the certain rule of Faith by which Beleevers may hold the Catholique Truth and by which they may convince all hereticall wickednesse Russinus saith Exposit in the Creed that this Creed may also be called the Triall or Touchstone if we meet a man we doubt of do but examine him by this Creed and he will presently discover himselfe whether he be a foe or a Friend Lastly Serm of the Creed Maximus Taurinensis writes that the Apostles did deliver the mystery of Faith to the Church of God that because there was to be diversity of Beleevers under the one name of Christ the privy signet of the Creed should distinguish the Faithfull from the Vnbeleevers Come we now to see what was the Schoolmens Judgement of this Creed Alexander of Hales brings this reason why the Creed was composed Parte 3. quaeâ— 69. mâ—mb 2. That it might be the Instruction of the Faithfull in one Vnderstanding and Confession of the Truth and Devotion of Religion in which the nature of Man is to obtaine blessednes Somewhat after To instruct in the Faith was the cause of making the Apostles Creed for to this purpose was it composed that the Faithfull might be taught in one Faith to beleeve all things necessary to Salvation Aquinas determines that as touching these first believables 2.2 quaest 2. art 5. in corp whith are the Articles of the Faith every one is bound explicitely to beleeve them but as concerning other believables he is bound only implicitely to beleeve them and in the Preparation of his mind that is having his Heart in readinesse to imbrace them when it shall appeare to him that they are contained in the Doctrin of the Faith Bonaventure saith Sent. l. 3. dist 25 qu. 1. in conclu respâ—ad 2. When it is demanded whether the Doctrin of the Faith be sufficiently contained in the Apostles Creed we may answer that if we speak of the Doctrin of Faith in respect to those things which therein are most principall and proper they are sufficiently contained in the Creed Neither is there any thing to be beleeved which may not be reduced to the Articles contained in the Creed as the principles and stable foundations I passe other Schoolemen because it is their generall judgement that the plaine and unfolded beliefe of the Apostles Creed is enough for Common Christians for the attaining of Salvation though a greater measure of Knowledge bee required from men of greater Learning Whence the Master of the Sentences after hee had concluded Sent. lib 3. dist 25. That in the time of Grace all things ought to be beleeved which are contained in the Creeds afterwards hee addeth that it is one thing to know only what a Man ought to beleeve to obtaine eternall lift and another to know how the same may be maintained and defended against wicked men opposing it which Knowledge many Faithfull men cannot skill of and yet they
excell most in Faith it selfe Nor doe the modern Papists differ herein from the Schoolmen Let the Fathers of Trent speake Sesâ—ion 3. The Apostles Creed is that Principle in which all that professe the Faith of Christ do necessarily agree and it is that firme and only foundation against which the gates of Hell shall never prevaile And in the very Catechism of the Council of Trent this Creed is called Pag. 14. The short forme of the Christian Faith and Hope the summe and foundation of Truth first and necessarily to be beleeved of all Canifius affirmes That the words in the Creed tend to this purpose that we may have the true Knowledge of God and Heavenly things which is necessary to every man towards the leading of a godly and happy life comprised in briefe abridgement James Baius cals it the rule of the Christian faith prescribed to all Beleevers because by this common Profession of the faith those of the same houshold and brethren are distinguished from their Enemies Out of which testimonies we gather that it was the generall opinion of Divines that all Fundamentall Doctrines of the Christian Faith necessary with the necessity of the meanes to the Salvation of men were comprehended in the Creed so that none shall perish for meer ignorance of God and Christ who give an explicite Faith to these things Yet we say not that besides these few Fundamentals Christians should make no account of all other Doctrines which are placed in the Holy Scriptures Yea all Pastors and Doctors are bound by the necessity of the Precept to further the perfecting of the Saints and edifying of the Body of Christ Eph. 4.11 12. till we all come into the unity of the Faith and of the Knowledge of the Son of God unto a perfect Man The people themselves also are bound where ability and opportunity is afforded them to grow unto the riches of the full assurance of Vnderstanding Col. 2.2 to the acknowledgement of the Mystery of God and of the Father and of Christ But neither Doctours of Particular Churches nor Christians living in them are bound to break off the band of Brotherly Communion with other Churches which embrace this Summe of the Christian Faith in that sense wherein the Catholique Church always received it and professe themselves enemies to all Heresies that overthrow the same Now as we have set downe the Apostles Creed for the briefe of Fundamentals pertaining to the saving Mysteries of Faith so wee acknowledge the Decalogue as the Symbole and Summe of all things to be done as touching duties due to the worship of God and offices of Charity which wee owe to our Neighbour For wee may fitly enough call Fundamentall Doctrines not only those Mysteries of Faith whose explained Knowledge is altogether necessary to the Salvation of Christians but also those Doctates of the Divine Law which if we know not at all we cannot worship God as we ought to the obtaining of Salvation In this sense we terme the Decalogue the Summe of things to bee done even as wee styled the other of which we have spoken before the Sum of things to be beleeved For the meere speculative Knowledge of the Divine Mysteries without the practicall knowledge of the Divine Mandats can bring none to blessednesse Therefore Luth. Tom. 1. in disp p. 406. Philip. pag. 436. the teaching of Gods Law in Churches is plainly necessary and altogether to be retained without which Christ cannot be retained For to this Law not only our corporall life but also our spirituall life ought to bee subjected Now those things which are propounded in this Law of God are so fundamentall that they cannot be broken without the guilt of death nor opposed and denyed without the staine of Heresie The Fundamentals of the Creed aime at this end that we may know God and Christ to eternall Life as either hath revealed himselfe The Fundamentals of the Decalogue drive at this That wee may worship both as they have commanded themselves to be worshipped If any overthrow the Fundamentals of Gods worship he is shut out from Salvation as much as if hee had overturned the Mysteries of Faith Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the Kingdom of God Be not deceived Aquin. quaest disp de superb art 4. neither fornicators nor Idolaters nor Adulterers c. As if the Apostle had said It is no lesse damnable to erre in these morall than in speculative principles For the corruption of ones opinion about those things which pertaine to manners may make an Heretique no lesse than about those things which pertaine to Faith if it be in any Universall Principle of Gods Law Hee that beleeves he may worship many Gods or adore the true God in an Image made with hands that is of the opinion that theft or fornication are things lawfull grates upon a Fundamentall Doctrine and runs into a deadly and dangerous Heresie For the practicall dictate which is included in every mandate of the Law is a Fundamentall truth and ought equally to bee beleeved as an Article of the Creed in speculative things If any man therefore should beleeve or teach that our Parents are not to be honoured or any thing else against a Commandement of God although he reverenceth his Parents with due honour or keepes that Commandement himselfe yet should hee bee an Hetetique and justly to bee accused for overturning a Foundation of Faith Let the Church of Rome therefore looke to it which boasteth that the Foundations of the Christian Faith hitherto have been preserved chiefly by her care whether or no she hath not grosly and damnably erred in the Fundamentals of the Decalogue to say nothing of her other errors Now if any will adde unto the Fundamentall Doctrines of the Creed and Commandements the Doctrine also of the Sacraments clearely revealed in the Gospell I am not against it provided on this condition that as they shall not all passe for fundamentals which Divines endeavour to build upon the fundamentall Articles of the Creed but that those only bee counted fundamentall which are necessary for all to know and beleeve to Salvation So also in the matter of the Sacraments every thing shall not presently bee a Fundamentall which may bee disputed about the Sacraments or gathered by the occasion of the Words which Christ spake but whatsoever Christ hath so set down and established that it is absolutely necessary to the receiving of Grace and Salvation in the use of the Sacraments As concerning the Sacrament of Baptisme it is a Fundamentall Doctrine that Christians must be Baptized in the Name of the most Holy Trinity that they may bee grafted into Christ Now they that beleeve and doe this retaine the Fundamentall doctrine of Baptisme although it may happen that the same men may in their minds conceive some false opinions of Baptisme or mingle some vaine and uselesse rites in the Administration thereof So in the Sacrament of
Revel 2.3 It is plaine there were some infected with errours from which others were free Yet those Churches which were the purer did entertain Christian brotherly Communion with those which were more impure the Apostle perswaded each of them to amend their own faults and errours but gave counsell to none on the pretence of vices errors to start a sunder from other For as in the naturall body the parts which are well in health and strength endeavour to cure not to cut off those that are sick and weake so in the Mysticall body of the Catholike Church if any be more pure and sound than others they are bound as much as lyes in their power to heale the vices and errors of others ' and not to deny Brotherly Communion to whole Churches Hither it may be added that this denying of Brotherly Communion may seem to have the kind force of an Excommunication which censure is not to be drawn and used of the Ministers of the Church for every fault or for every Error no not upon a single person subject to their Ministery Decret 6. de sent Exc. but much lesse on the whole body of a Church which in no wise is subordinate unto them For as the Lawes forbid to Excommunicate a Society or Corporation because it may happen that then those that are inocent may be entangled in that censure so right and religion forbids to exclude whol Churches from the Communion of the faithfull because this cannot be done without an injury contempt to many that be innocent If any should determine that communion should have been denied to the whole Church of Israel because of their worshipping of Baal besides that be should exercise an act going beyond the bounds of his Ministeriall power he should have offered an high wrong and injury to those seven thousand men who never bowed knee to Baal If any should say that this denying of Brotherly Communion which we disswade from is not the Excommunication of an whole commonalty such as the Laws respect and take notice of I confesse there is some difference betwixt these two yet I deny it to be of so great moment that it should make that lawfull in the one case which is not lawfull in the other Indeed Excommunication properly so called is the act of a lawfull Judge which passeth and layeth hold on those which are subject unto him and bindeth them though against their own wils But this renouncing of brotherly communion whereof we speake is an act of one judging only of persons not at all subject unto him and declaring them unworthy of all brotherly Communion and therefore driving and repelling them from the same although they desire it By what name so ever any please to call this repulse of other Churches from brotherly communion it doth them a great wrong and disgrace for it adjudges them unworthy of the honour of Brotherhood which Christ our elder Brother disdaines not to bestow upon them Ministers therefore of Churches ought not so much as to thinke of shutting out whole Churches from the communion with them and theirs It would be enough to cast off single persons desiring fellowship with them then at last when it shall appeare that they are stained with so hainous sinnes or wrapped in so mischievous errours as that by good right they may and ought to be driven and banished from the communion with all the Faithfull The Ministers of particular Churches Reas 3 put case of Saxony or Switzerland ought not to deale harder with ther Christian Brethren of other Churches in granting or refusing communion with them than they deale with their owne For the Christian Brotherhood which is betwixt the members of Christ is not altered according to the variety of Places or Nations But we call not our owne to a strick account what they conceive of the Articles in controversie and to what Doctors they stick therein but esteem it sufficient to the right of communion if together with us they hold and professe the Fundamentall Doctines of Christianity comprised in the Catechisme and adhere unto Christ Wee should use the same moderation and equall dealing towards forraigne Churches especially to the very body of Churches which for the most part is made up of simple and unskilfull Christians for whom it is not needfull that they should have any intercourse with controversall Dâ—vinity Therefore those Protestant Churches seem not to doe well which detest any fellowship with others and professe an open division and Separation for some difference in opinions about hard questions of which they cannot know certainly or inquire what the people in forraigne Churches therein doe hold and maintaine But this we may know surely out of their Doctors writings that those grosse errours wherewith those which are called Lutherans charge the Calvinists and those which are called Calvinists charge the Lutherans are at this day defended neither by learned or unlearned but rejected and damned of both Therefore the cause of this Separation which some esteem necessary hitherto appeares neither necessary nor just enough The Doctors of any Church cannot bring in such a Separation Reas 4 which shall restraine the Unity of the Church of Christ and Christian brotherhood to the side of Luther or Calvin as at this day the Papists straiten the same to the part of the Pope of Rome For Christs inheritance is limited with the same boundes wherewith the Brotherhood of Christians is limitted and is crowded into the same straits whereinto we thrust this brotherly fellowship If therefore we acknowledge no Ecclesiasticall communion and Christian brotherhood with those Churches which think otherwise than our selves it is manifest that we call home and confine the Church of Christs which consisteth of numberlesse Churches only to our own side For if any Protestant Church professe it selfe that it neither can nor will have brotherly Communion with the Church of Saxony or Switzerland by reason of some diversity of opinion I demand of them with what Churches then can or will it hold communion Not with the Roman not with the Greeke Church for it dissenteth from them in more controversies and of greater moment not with any other in any place for none can be instanced in from which she hath not some matter of dissenting for difference in Doctrine Therefore at last the matter will come to this passe that they which thinke themselves to have no brotherly communion save onely with their partners in opinions must say Christs that Church hath perished out of the whole world besides and only remains in those Churches which are of their own party But this is the very self same thing which the Catholike Church ever disalowed in the Donatists and which Augustine and Optatus Milevitanus doe demonstrate to bee repugnant to most manifest places of Scripture For the foresaid Augustine thus urgeth it That Christ hath lost his Inheritance if the Christian Communion be tied to one place or Countrey Aug.
Epist 150 161. and Epist 162 163 164. Tom. 7. de unitate Ec. cap. 13. 16. and he saith it is an unwise part to goe about to condemne the Communion of the whole world He sheweth moreover That for the good of Vnitie we must beare with some things wee approve not at all and that the knowne bad prejudice not the Good in the Church if either they want power to forbid and drive them from the Communion or if some reason hinder for the preserving of Peace In a word he avoucheth That the Donatists who would acknowledge no Brethren besides those on their owne part did erect an altar of sacrilegious dissension against the whole world Thus farre Augustine Also Optatus fights fiercely against this manner of restraining Brotherly Communion He saith a Lib. 1. in mitio That the Donatists were owned of the Orthodox for Brethren He saith that b Lib. 2. prope ab initio They by this their restrained Brotherhood suffer not the Son of God to possesse the Inheritance promised unto him by his Father but doe place the Church where they please and where they please not there again do banish it out He saith c Lib. 3. init That the very name of Brotherhood however odious to the Donatists is notwithstanding necessary for the Orthodox to use towards the Donatists themselves He saith d Lib. 6. That those follow Gods Will and Commandements who loving Peace hold Communion with the Church in the whole world Lastly he saith e Lib. 7. That this Separation of some Brethren from others which the Donatists defend was displeasing to God To finish our fourth Reason although I perswade my selfe that there is none of the Protestant Churches which abhor from Brotherly Communion with others with as high a straine of Pride and malignitie of minde wherewith the Donatists detested communion with others yet I ingenuously professe that I understand not how they can cleere and winde themselves off who retaine not Brotherly Communion with other Churches but endeavor to confine the Priviledges of Christian Brotherhood onely within the bounds of their owne Churches No particular Church Reas 5 holds it self bound to break off and renounce brotherhood with another Church for the vices of men living therein though known dispersed and reigning Seeing we all know Gluttony reignes in one place Drunkennesse in another Lust in a third and these nationall vices are no lesse known to us than their Opinions If therefore for these haynous offences in life which reigne in many we take not occasion to dissolve our tye of brotherhood with whole Churches neither ought we to doe it for the errors of the Understanding which are of lesse guilt in the sight of God and often stretch not to the whole Body of Christian people 1 Cor. 5.11 2 Thes 3.6 If wee will make use of the Apostle for our Counsellour wee should depart from the company of other Christians rather for their wickednesse than for their ignorance yet for neither injoyneth he Churches to separate from Churches but only private persons to withdraw from the company of private persons Yea it is unlawfull for the Heresie of few or many Doctors ruling in particular Churches to cast off any whole Christian Church and separate it from Brotherly Communion with us A man that is an Heretick after the first and second admonition reject Titus 3.10 knowing that he that is such is subverted and sinneth being condemned of himself saith the Apostle It is lawfull to exclude a single man from the communion of other Christians for a damnable Heresie See Aug. Epist 162 tom 6. de util cred cap. 1. wherein he is condemned by his owne judgement or convicted of obstinacie but it is not lawfull for an errour into which he is trained in by the deceit and subtiltie of others and which he defendeth not with any wilfull stomack but only being deceived with an imagination and conceit of Truth and Pietie But no Protestant Church can seperate or banish any other whole Protestant Church for example the English or French from Brotherly Communion with it either for faults in life or errrors in Doctrine The reason is at hand Because it cannot be proved that that whole Church hath fallen into a damnable heresie because the obstinacy of a whole Church in an error whatsoever can neither be demonstrated to forraign churches nor ought to be presumed of them Lastly because wee have no command from God nor Admonition from the Apostles to breake the bond of Brotherhood betwixt whole Churches If any here should aske why the Doctors of the Churches who never perswaded their People to disjoynt themselves from the Brotherly Communion with other Churches for the grosse and enormous vices every where reigning amongst Christians should so vehemently perswade that this must be done because of the Errors they conceive them to be fallen into Let him receive this answere That this commeth thence to passe because we more affect the praise of knowledge than of holinesse and take it in worse part from them who oppose our Dictates which are doubtfull than from them that break and violate the plaine and open Commandements of God If the matter were otherwise we might easily perceive that it was no more lawfull to breake off Brotherhood which is betwixt particular Churches for their errours in Doctrine than for the sinnes of Life which we behold generally and openly to reigne amongst them Chap. 10 Therefore wee must beware of the errours of others but in no case must separate from those Christian Churches wherein they are predominant whether they belong to life or to doctrine because for the doing of such an Act there is no lawfull power in the Ministers of any particular Church CHAP. X. That Brotherly Communion is not to he broken betwixt the Protestants is showne by the nature and quality of those points whereunto they contend THis as it seems to me must be premised in the first place That the Bands of Brotherly Cōmunion ought not to bee dissolved betwixt Christian Churches for all discords of Opinions but only for the opposing or denying of Fundamentall doctrines For it seems to be confessed amongst all Protestants that this separation is not to be made for every straw of Erroneous opinions For hence it is that when they desire to maintain that this Joynting of Churches was concluded on good ground together herewith they alwayes commenc'd this suite That they have made a discession or departed from some Foundation of the Catholique Faith For unlesse this appeare to be done not of this or that Doctor in the Church but of the Church it self as it is considered under the respect of a Body compacted or conjoyned together it ought not to availe to the parting of one Protestant Church from another But in this place it will not be unseasonable to advise in a few words that the actuall exercise of outward Communion with some particular
Protestant Church can be named which professeth not with the Eucharist the true Presence of the Body and Bloud of Christ although it acknowledgeth the very manner of the Presence to be Supernaturall and plainly divine And sets down that the same doth consist not in any Physicall touch or contact but in a lively influence and mysticall Union and that most reall and neer It is a Fundamentall point That the Bread and Wine were the means ordained by Christ by which those which duely eat this bread being consecrated and drinke this wine eat the lively Flesh of Christ and drinke his saving blood to the Salvation of their soules The agreement of all Protestants in this point is so well known we need not take paines to prove it It is a Fundamentall That Bread and Wine are present in the Supper and are eaten and drunke in a locall naturall sensible manner but that Christs Flesh and Bloud are present and partaken of in a Divine admirable manner and not to be searched out So James Andrewes Col. Momp p. 17. 18. Concerning the manner wee can only say this That it is Supernaturall and imcomprehensible to humane reason and therefore there is no disputing thereof A little after Pag. 25. in not is marg The manner is heavenly supernaturall insomuch as it is wholly spirituall And as the Church is a mysticall body with Christ so also this receiving is done in a Mysterie In the Conference lately had at Lipsigh the Saxons did grant That the manner of the receiving which they defended to be done by vertue of the Elements was notwithstanding heavenly supernaturall and knowne to God alone None is ignorant that Calvin Bucer and all the rest were in the same opinion Col. Mompelg p. 66. Beza saith expresly The manner of the Receiving is a Mystery to be beleeved which exceedeth the capacity of mans wit and understanding Hitherto the Doctors and Churches well agree amongst themselves Secondly nothing can be conceived contrary to the Fundamentall doctrine of this Sacrament which is not rejected and damn'd of all Protestant Churches they are point blanck against all erroenous doctrines of the bare representation of the Body and Blood of Christ parted from the true and reall exhibiting of him of the prodigious Transubstantiation of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ the Accidents only remaining safe without a Subject Of the Locall and naturall presence of the Body and Blood of Christ in the Lords Supper Of the Locall Consubstantiation Coexistency or Inexistency of the Body and blood of Christ with the earthly Elements or in the same These and if there be any other which oppose or fight against the very nature of a Sacrament and the truth of the Body of Christ are condemned by the common assent not only of the Helvetian but Lutheran Churches Col. Mompel p. 16. Let James Andrewes speake for all the rest Wee doe not determine a Physicall or Locall presence of the Body and blood of Christ in the holy Supper These words Substantially pag. 183. Corporally Really Orally signifie nothing else to us but the true presence and eating of the Body and Blood of Christ We reject all Physicall Consubstantiation whether it be visible or invisible and only teach such a Conjunction as is Sacramentall The same was the opinion of the Saxons in the conference at Lipsigh to which these of Brandenburg and Hessland did subscribe Thirdly nothing remaineth undecided in this Controversie which can be called a Fundamentall point or for which the Brotherly Communion of Churches cannot be established For that word Orally which is used of the Saxons and is disallowed of other Churches is so used of these that they bring in no Fundamentall errour and is so rejected of those that they overthrow no fundamentall Doctrine For they that defend the Orall eating as well of the Body of Christ as of the bread notwithstanding denie such a Presence of the Body of Christ as is Locall to mens mouthes without which an Orall eating cannot properly be performed For that body cannot be eaten with the mouth betwixt which and mens mouthes there is granted a great distance of place That cannot be eaten with the mouth of the Body which is so present to the place of the mouth that it is not locally present to the mouth When therefore they allow of such a distance and give such a Location to the Body of Christ it is plaine that they passe and transferre the Orall eating which is truly and properly affirmed of the bread alone by a new and figurative manner of speech to the Flesh of Christ locally remaining in the Heavens and not locally present to the mouthes of men Moreover when they remove from this Orall eating all champing and chewing of the body of Christ the letting down of the thing chewed into the stomack the increasing and nourishing of the body of man by this flesh thus chewed it is evident however they thinke fit to retaine this forme of speech yet they meane nothing by this Orall eating that is joyned with the Capernaites rending of the Flesh of Christ with their teeth or agreeable with the signification of the words as they sound to mens eares in the Latine They only seeme to desire to affirme this That this Orall eating which truly properly usually and immediately is affirmed of the eating of the Bread may by the force of the consecrated bread comming between by a new unusuall mysticall and plainly heavenly signification of Orall eating be fitted and applyed to the Flesh of Christ Now as touching those who on the other side contend That the eating of the Flesh of Christ is not to be called an Orall eating but rather a Mentall Spirituall or Personall because the Person eating the bread with his mouth with his minde together eates the true and lively flesh of Christ Yet they denie not but that the visible bread is the Instrument or means appointed by Christ which the person useth to the cating of the Invisible bread but they thinke that the eating of that thing is properly called Orall which may be done by the Teeth and instruments in the mouth but that the eating of that thing cannot be called Orall which is neither locally present to the mouth neither if it were present could it be subject to any Act of mans mouth because of the Glorious and impassible nature which it hath Betwixt these Opinions I see some contrariety about the propriety of words and phrase of speech but of the maine and of the Truth of the Catholique Faith either none at all or at least so little that notwithstanding there may be place for the establishing of Brotherly Communion betwixt the Churches This of the first Controversie we passe to the Second Of the Person of Christ and Communication of his Properties IT is easie to shew out of their Writings who have handled this Controversie that there is a full Consent betwixt Reformed
employ their Armes and use their strength that they pluck not asunder the Churches themselves with a dangerous Schisme The Authors of our English Confession in the XVII Article where Predestination is handled would not so much as in a word touch upon the other Question of Reprobation both because of the uselesse speculations which mens curiositie would extract thence as also because out of the Doctrine of Predestination well grounded so much may easily be gathered as is necessary or profitable to know or hold of Reprobation But neither for this thing is there cause to dissolve the Brotherly Union betwixt Protestants All grant and agree that these Propositions are most true That the Act of Reprobation in God as that of Election is from Eternity That none is Reprobated from Eternity which might not be Reprobated without all Cruelty or Injustice That no one was fore-damned of God from Eternitie whom he from Eternitie did not foresee wrapt up in the guilt of damnation That no one shall in time be damned but through the most just merit of his owne corruption and impiety That the Originall and cause of all Evills which drownes Reprobates in perdition is not found in God Reprobating but in the Reprobates themselves That this Eternall Reprobation cannot appeare to any particular Person unlesse out of the fruits most worthy of damnation which he brings forth and loves to bring forth to the end of his life That there is no single Person which may not attaine Eternall Life by Repenting Beleeving and Persevering according to the Tenor of the Covenant of the Gospell That there is no such Decree of God by which Reprobates should be forced and necessitated to sinne and perish But alwayes they perish by their own voluntary unbeliefe and impiety free and not constrained It appeared lately in the Conference of Lipsigh that there is an agreement in all these Points If there be any other things remaining they are rather Controversies about words than about matter rather discords about subtile Speculations than fundamentall Articles Such are those which are disputed betwixt Schoolmen of the Signification of the very words namely Predestination and Reprobation of the Imaginary order of Priority and Posteriority betwixt the Eternall Acts of Predestinating and Fore-knowing of the unsearchable manner of Divine working about all humane Actions whether good or bad of the necessitie or Contingency of all things which from Eternity were predestinated or fore-knowne of God In such perplexed Controversies it cannot bee but contradictions must arise oftentimes betwixt Disputants Yet brotherly Concord may be made up and maintained betwixt the Churches themselves as anciently it was preserved betwixt the African and Latine Churches Their Doctors in the mean time being of different opinions in the weighty Question of Baptizing of Hereticks Vid. Cypr. Epist ad Jubaiannum Et in sent Episc de de Heret Bapt. To close up all in a word Those Churches falsly so called may be forsaken which possesse not the Foundation of the Apostles preaching But true Churches ought not to be deserted and pluckt asunder from others for the Errors of particular Doctors because the Faith of Churches leanes not upon the names or writings of single Persons CHAP. XII Some Objections wherewith some Learned Divines have been moved to breake off the Communion betwixt Protestant Churches are answered TRuly it is to be bemoaned That some so far abhorre from the Brotherly Communion of Protestants betwixt themselves that they charge this very thing as a fault upon peaceable Divines that they will not suffer that these Controversies which are handled betwixt Learned men ought to break off the Bands of holy Brotherhood betwixt the Churches themselves But let us weigh what Reasons they chiefly rely on who contend that this disjoynting of Churches is absolutely necessary No Communion is to be retained with those Churches which embrace Arg. 1 and with obstinacy defend corruptions of Doctrine intrenching on the Glory and repugnant to the Word of God but the Lutherans thinke that this is done in many points by the Calvinists and on the other side the Calvinists complaine that the same is done by the Lutherans Therefore it is not lawfull for these Churches which are ill distinguished by the names of Luther and Calvin to retaine Brotherly Communion amongst themselves The major Proposition they conceive well founded in that most true Maxime That all things which we doe are to be referred to the Glory of God 1 Cor. 10.31 The minor they account themselves to have proved by running over all these heads of Doctrine whereabout they contend for the Divines on both sides doe presume that their Opinions doe ever make to the illustration of Gods Glory and that the contrary alwayes obscures it None denie Answ but that in all our actions we must level at the Glory of GOd and it must also be confessed that this is the nature of sin and false Doctrine that alwaies of it selfe it is of force to impaire the Glory of God in some part But that to me seems weak and unfound which both sides presume upon as on a thing to be granted and not at all to be denyed Namely that it tendeth to the Glory of God for us to renounce Brotherly cōmunion with those Churches wherein Doctrines are defended in some manner and degree crossing the glory of God Those things which so shake the Glory of God that they suffer not at all those which are erroneous in them to have saving Communion with God and Christ neither doe they suffer Orthodox Christians to retaine Brotherly Communion with them But those things which in some measure are repugnant to the truth of the Scriptures and glory of God but yet doe not destroy the said Communion can in no wise afford to any particular Church just cause of departing and dividing it selfe from another for this is the very selfe same fault which the Ancients endeavored to render odious to all under the infamous name of Schisme But that also may be added that the Churches which are in the right doe well enough discharge their dutyes when they provide and take care that their owne People be not intangled in the errors of others when they endeavor with all gentlenesse to reduce the wandring Churches into the way of Truth But when they depart from the Communion and Brotherly Unity of the Church from which Christ hitherto hath not departed they defend not but grievously wound the glory of God and Christ by this their separation Lastly when the far greater part of particular Churches consists not of learned Doctors but of simple people it cannot truly be affirmed that they understand the Errours propagated by the learned much lesse that they stick to them least of all that they stick to them with obstinacy and wilfulnesse Therefore under pretence of these the bands of Christian Brotherhood are not to be broken betwixt whole Churches For Jerusalem is built as a city which is at unity in
against them because the common consent of the whole Church doth not in the same appeare Those who would not have the Churches themselves Arg. 4 to bee rent and torn asunder because of the controversies bandied betwixt Protestants they seem to be of this opinion that every one may be saved in his own Religion and that a promiscuous multitude of erroneous people may bee received into the same Church Militant and Triumphant but this must not be granted If we will speak with the Scriptures Answ the name of one Religion is to be fitted and applyed not to difficult questions but to the points of Christian Faith preached to all and received of all Christian Churches throughout the whole world They therefore embrace the true and one only Religion which believe those things of God of Christ of the Church of all other matters and doe them which are necessary to be known done to the attaining to Salvation Wee conceive not therefore that every one may be saved in his own Religion which he feignes to himselfe but believe that they may be saved in the Christian Religion and be received into the same Church both Militant and Triumphant who so farre forth agree in the Doctrine of the Gospell as it is required that the Faith of Christians be saving to those that beleeve and that the worship which they yeeld unto God be gratefull and accepted of him in Christ But they who thinke that the perfect consenting of Churches is necessary to their meeting together in the Communion of one Church Militant and Triumphant can scarce free and disengage themselves from their error who conceived the Catholique Church to reside in one determinate party They therefore who in things either to be done or be beleeved defend such points with which the saving of Soules and Spirituall worship of God cannot consist they are truly said to have made a defection from that which is the alone saving Religion but they who retaining all fundamentals of faith and Gods worship differ from others and erre in some consequences or Doctrines of lesse moment professe no new or other Religion but are convicted not as yet to have attained in that one onely Religion to perfect knowledge For such imperfection of knowledge God excludes none from the Church Militant neither ought we to doe it We ought not to retaine brotherly Communion with those Arg. 5 whom it is an heinous sin to admit to the Lords Supper together with our selves But it seemed unlawfull for the Lutherans in taking the Lords Supper to communicate with the Helvetian or French Churches See the pres to the confer at Mompelg For the holy Supper of the Lord amongst other ends hath this use that it should bee the note and badge of the Religion which every one professeth For they who communicate with any Church in the receiving of this Sacrament by this deed doe publikely professe that they embrace the doctrine of the same Church and reject the contrary and separate themselves from others We must therefore in no case sport and play with the receiving of the Lords Supper nor therin dissemble any thing from which our heart doth abhorre and therefore wee cannot communicate with those Churches which embrace not our Confession For by such communicating we should seem to derogate from our Confession and syncere Religion and either to Patronize or surely closely to favour the errors of other Churches It is more safe therefore to Imitate the Christian Emperours who when the Arians did request to be received into Communion with the Orthodoxe they would not grant it unto them before they did approve the doctrine of the Orthodoxe We make no strife about that which is affirmed in the first place Answ But as for the Assumption namely That it is unlawfull to admit any to the Lords Table except them alone who are ready to subscribe to the Confession of one the same particular Church this seemes to me ought not to be defended For the Principall use of the Lords Supper is to recount the death and Passion of Christ which he suffered for the Salvation of men and to receive eternall Life by the Partaking of his Flesh and Blood It serveth also to witnesse and confirme the Union which Christians ought to have betwixt themselves 1 Cor. 10.17 and with Christ Jesus their head Lastly we confesse that this Sacrament as also that other of Baptisme is the note and badge of that Religion which wee professe Aug. cont â—austum 19.12 For men can be united together into no name of Religion whether true or false unlesse they be bound together in some fellowship of signer and visible Sacraments But as Baptisme is indeed the badge of the Christian Religion we professe and not of the particular opinions and confessions which we embrace before others so also must we conclude of the Lords Supper For to the mutuall Communion of all Christians in the Eucharist it is not required that all who Communicate together should agree in the same confession either the English or the French or the Dutch but that they agree in one Profession of the Christian and Catholik Faith Let us leave these rigid and Tyrannicall domineerings to the Papists who adjudge all to be separated from their Communion which would not sweare unto the Confession of Trent Cyprianus Cornelius The holy Fathers did not doe soe but they kept the Lords peace with those Churches which were of different opinions from themselves removing none from the right Communion because he refused to consent to the private Judgement of another particular Church for they acknowledged the Catholike Faith received with an unanimous consent of the Catholike Church to be the certaine Aug. Ser. 181. and sole Rule of Faith by which Beleevers retaine the Catholike Vnity But let him who can shew that Particular Churches ever usurped this to themselves that they did cut off others from the Brotherly Communion with themselues for diversitie of opinions in matters not as yet determined by the Judgement of the Catholike Church Socrat. l. 5. c. 21. on one side or other Victor indeed attempted to doe this and after him Stephen Lib. 5. cap. 23. lib. 7. cap. 4. both Bishops of Rome But it is plaine out of Eusebius that this Separation was founded on no right and therefore highly displeased the pious and Godly Fathers Therefore farre be it from us that in the very Communion of the Lords Supper we should as it were proclaime war against all other Churches which will not make our particular Confession their owne or will not forsake their own that they may embrace ours If we conceive our Churches to be of the righter and truer opinion than other Churches in certaine Questions not as yet determined wee have just cause not to Communicate with them in their errorss but thence have no cause at all to Communicate with them in the Sacraments Forasmuch as no errour in which
the Lords Supper this is a Fundamentall Doctrine That it must bee celebrated in bread and wine that therein the memory of Christs Passion is ever to be renewed that Christians in that Sacrament have not only an empty 1 Cor. 10.6 or shadowy representation of Christ crucified but do truly really and savingly partake of the body of Christ Hee that beleeves all things soundly and sufficiently embraceth the Fundamentall Doctrine of this Sacrament to the sucking of Grace out of it Although those difficult questions tossed and tumbled betwixt Divines about the manner of the Presence and eating of Christ never came into his head much lesse did he give his consent to one side or other To this threefold kind of Fundamentals Whereof the first is seen in the Creed The second in the Commandements The third in the Sacraments of Baptisme and the Lords Supper We may adde a fourth contained in the Lords Prayer For seeing invocation or Prayer is a duty belonging to the worship of God absolutely necessary for the obtaining of Grace and Salvation it must needs have certaine fundamentals which being unknowne or slighted it becomes of no moment but is effectuall if they be retained and observed This is a fundamentall point God alone is to be invoked by Religious Prayer he is to be called upon through his Son our Mediator trusting on whom we call him Our Father He is to bee Prayed unto for all good things wee want but chiefly for Grace Pardon and Glory which we most stand in need of Lastly he is to bee prayed unto in Faith Charity and a good Conscience He that contradicts these things is a slat Heretique and perverts the fundamentals in the duty of Prayer That these foure things which wee have touched are alone to be accounted Fundamentals of the Christian Religion seemes to me plainly to appeare out of the practice of the Apostles themselvs and Primitive Church well known unto all For they have judged no particular Church to have cast away the Fundamentall points of saving Faith or to have fallen off from the Communion of the Catholique Church who holily professe the faith in the Creed and obedience to the Commandements who administred the Sacraments according to Christs Institution and called upon God in the Name of Christ For they conceived them to deserve an admonition for their errors of lighter moment but would therefore cut off no particular Churches Chap. 8 called by the Name of Christ from the body of the Catholique Church CHAP. VIII That Brotherly Communion is to be kept betwixt the Protestant Churches is proved by Reasons drawne from the Communion which they have in Jesus Christ the only Personall Foundation FORASMUCH as this one thing is the greatest hinderance of setling agreement betwixt Protestant Churches that some learned and godly men conceive that such a Brotherly agreement and Communion is altogether unlawfull we to our ability shall endeavour to shew that this Communion of particular Churches amongst themselves is not only lawfull but acceptable to God and necessary to themselves For the proving whereof long since wee have laid our foundations in those things which were largely discussed concerning the personall Foundation and the foundations Ministeriall and Doctrinall This one thing remaines that we call our Reasons which are scattered and dispersed thorough this whole discourse to come in to their colours that they may present themselves at one view We will begin as it is fit from those Reasons which flow from the consideration of that one foundation Jesus Christ our Saviour to whom all dostick and from whome all Good Temporall Spirituall and Eternall is derived to all Reformed Churches With those Churches it is fitting to retaine Brotherly Communion Reason 1 which we will not deny but that they retaine Conjunction and Communion with Christ the Head and Foundation of the holy Catholique Church Yea except we will yeeld and confesse our selves to bee estranged from the body of Christ we cannot but be their Brethren who are esteemed to hold brotherly Communion with Christ our elder Brother For the band of holy Brotherhood betwixt the Churches themselves cannot be broken at mens pleasures except they be also broken betwixt them and Christ who is the head of all Churches If the Saxon count the Helvetian or Helvetian the Saxon Churches so alienated and torne asunder from Christ by their errors that they are neither founded in Christ nor by Christ the Elder Brother taken into the brotherly society of fellow-members then they may pretend some reason why they renounce communion with them But if in no wise they dare affirme this wee cannot have just cause to disclaime Brotherly Communion with those whom Christ himselfe blusheth not to owne and call his Brethren August Epist 162. It was the peevish frowardnesse of the Donatists neither to receive from other Churches any letters importing a Communion nor to acknowledge any right of Brotherhood with them But in the meane time what did the Orthodox Churches Out of Augustine wee may learne it in whome wee read That the Donatists angry for this thing Contra Donat post Coll. cap. 35 were notwithstanding by the Orthodox acknowledged for Brethren The same also appeares out of Optatus Milevitanus who thought That the name of Brotherhood was not to be denied unto them Yea De schism Donat. lib. 1. in initio lib 4. in initio thought it an impious act to suppresse or conceale the name of Brethren Either therefore it must be justified that some Protestant Churches have lost their conjunction with Christ the Foundation of the Church and forfeited their Brotherly Communion with Christ their Elder Brother or else we must not depart from Brotherly Society with them In the second place wee argue from most certain Signes and Markes 2. Reason whence we may and ought to be perswaded that this or that Church is conjoyned to Christ the corner stone for from the same notes we may conclude that other Churches are bound and obliged not to separate themselves from the same They therefore which want not the knowledge of God and Christ necessary to eternall life who have true Faith true Repentance and true Endeavour after a New life and holy obedience to such we ought to grant that they enjoy a saving conjunction with Christ their foundation But none for ought I know as yet is found which hath given this bloody Sentence That in this or that Protestant Church there is not so much knowledge of God and Christ as sufficeth to Salvation That there is not in it the ordinary Justification of Christians by Faith That there is not the earnest exercise of Repentance and endeavour after New Life But if all these things agree to all Protestant Churches it is manifest that they remaine conjoyned with their Head and Foundation not lesse manifest that they have inward Brotherly Communion and ought to have outward with all the members of Christ Rom. 12.5 For we being