and knees made with continual praying valiant also and excellently well seen in martial affairs After the death of Arnulph Patriarch of Jerusalem Guarimond born in France succeeded him About this time the two great orders of Templers and Teutonicks appeared in the World The former under Hugh de Paganis and Ganfred of St. Omer their first Founders They agreed in profession with the Hospitallers and performed it alike vowing poverty chastity and obedience and to defend Pilgrims coming to the Sepulchre It is falsly fathered on St. Bernard that he appointed them their rule who prescribeth not what they should do but only describeth what they did At the same time began the Teutonick Order consisting only of Dutch-men well descended living at Jerusalem in an house which one of that Nation bequeathed to his Country-men that came thither on Pilgrimage King Baldwin was afterwards taken prisoner and Eustace Grenier chosen Vice-Roy while the King was in durance stoutly defended the Countrey Baldwin a little before his death renounced the World and took on him a religious habit He dyed not long after viz. in the thirteenth year of his Reign and was buried with his predecessours in the Temple of the Sepulchre Fulco Earl of Tours Mam and Anjou coming some three years before on Pilgrimage to Jerusalem there married the King 's Daughter he was chosen the fourth King of Jerusalem He was well nigh 60 years old By his first Wife he had a Son Geoffery of Plantagenet Earl of Anjou to whom he left his Lands in France and from whom our Kings of England are descended Fulco having reigned eleven years with much care and industry Tyrius lib. 15. ca. ult was slain as he followed his sport in hunting Thomas Fuller brings him in thus speaking his Epitaph A Hare I hunted and Death hunted me The more my speed was was the worse my speed Fuller's holy War lib. 2. For as well-mounted I away did flee Death caught and kill'd me falling from my Steed Yet this mishap an happy miss I count That fell from Horse that I to Heaven might mount Baldwin the third succeeded his Father He was well learned especially in History liberal witty and facetious His mother Millesent continued a Widow and as for Children's-sake she married once so for her Children's-sake she married no more St. Bernard and she often conversed together by Letters He extolled her single Life This St. Bernard Abbot of Clarevaux or Clareval was famous in that time He often complains of the defection of the Church He sharply rebuked the vitious lives of Bishops and Abbots Yea he did not spare the Popes Bern. Ep. 42. as appeareth partly by what he wrote unto Pope Eugenius and unto Innocent the second And for his liberty in speaking against the errours of his time Epist 178. Apolog ad Willerm Abbat he was reproached so that he was constrained to publish Apologies where he saith that they called him the most miserable of Men one who presumed to judge the World and by the shadow of his baseness insult over the lights of the World And he saith there that he was like to be killed every day and was judged as a sheep for the slaughter yet nevertheless he was not afraid to speak of their vices because said he melius est ut scandalum oriatur quam veritas relinquatur It is better that a scandal should arise than truth should be relinquished Who at the beginning when the order of Monks began saith he could think that Monks would become so naughty Oh how unlike are we to those in the days of Anthony did Macarius live in such a manner did Basil teach so did Anthony ordain so did the Fathers in Egypt carry themselves so how is the light of the World become darkness how is the salt of the Earth become unsavoury I am a Lyar saith he if I have not seen an Abbot having above sixty horses in his train when ye saw them riding ye might say These were not Fathers of Monasteries but Lords of Castles not feeders of Souls bur Princes of Provinces They have carried after them their Table-Cloths Cups Basons Candlesticks and Portmantua's stuffed not with straw but ornaments of Beds scarce will any of them go four miles from his house but he must have all things with him as if he were going into a leaguer or through a Wilderness where necessaries could not be had O vanity of vanities the Walls of Churches are glorious and poor folks are in necessity Yet may it be said that Bernard was a follower of the Popes I answer yes he gave them all the Titles that others gave them but see what blows he gave them as appeareth by what he wrote to Innocentius and Eugenius he lays on them the blame of all the wickedness in the Church In rites he was carried with the sway of the times but his Doctrine was far different from the Tenets of the Church of Rome In one of his Epistles he writes thus Bern. Epist 91. ad Abbates Suess Congreg I would be in that Council where the Traditions of Men are not obstinately defended nor superstitiously observed but where they search diligently and humbly what is the good perfect and acceptable will of God thither am I carried with all my desire and there would I abide devoutly In Tract de praecept Dispens And elsewhere he saith many things were devised and ordained not because they might not be otherwise but because it was so expedient and certainly but for conserving charity therefore so long as the things do serve charity let them stand without change nor can they be changed without offence no not by the Rulers But contrarily if they be contrary unto charity in the judgement of such only unto whom it is granted to oversee is it not clearly most just that what things were devised for charity should also be omitted or intermitted for charity when it is so expedient or at least that they be changed to another thing more expedient as on the other side certainly it were unjust if these things that were ordained for charity be held against charity Let them therefore hold fast that which is immoveable The same Bernard informs us Bern. de consider ad Eugenium li. 3. that then was held a Council at Rhemes wherein the Pope was president And saith he Brethren I tell you of another Synod where the Lord God will sit in Judgement where we must all stand and there will God judge all the World Here on earth unrighteousness is shut up in a bag but in that Judgement God will judge righteously and there we must all appear whether he be a Pope or a Cardinal or an Arch-Bishop or a Bishop or poor or rich or learned or unlearned that every one may receive according to what he hath done in the body whether good or ill Moreover he said unto the Council that the Imposthume was spread through all the body of the
the Empire Anno 361. having before obtained of Constantius the Title of Caesar and been Entitled Augustus by the Soldiers in the City of Paris In the Year 375. St. Martin was made Bishop of Turin in France Exuperius was Bishop of Tholouse Simplicius of Vienna Amandus of Bourdeaux Maurice of Anjou Philastrius of Breux these were all accounted Bishops of great fame About this time sprung up the Sect of the Donatists Fuller's Prophane State Cap. 11. who were so called from a double Donatus as one saith whereof the one planted the Sect the other watered it and the Devil by God's permission gave the encrease The elder Donatus raised a Schism in Carthage against good Cecilian the Bishop there whom he loaded unjustly with many crimes which he was not able to prove August ad quod vult Deum and vexed with this disgrace he thought to right his credit by wronging Religion and so began the Heresie of the Donatists His most Dominative Tenet was that the Church was perished from the face of the earth the reliques thereof only remaining in his party There were two principal sides of them first the Rogatists so called from Rogatus their Teacher to whom St. Augustine beareth witness That they had zeal but not according to knowledge These were people of good lives hating bloody practices though erroneous in their Doctrine But there was another sort whom they called Circumcellions though as little Reason can be given of their Names as of their Opinions Their number in short time grew to be considerable Their Tenet was plausible and winning and that Faith is easily wrought that teacheth men to think well of themselves From Numidia Quod apud eum solum justitia locum haberet Aug. contr Petil. Lib. 2. where they began they overspread Africa Spain France Italy and Rome it self Their greatest increase was under Julian the Emperour This Apostate next to no Religion loved the worst Religion best they fled to this Bramble for succour extolling him for such a Godly man with whom alone justice did remain and he restored them their Churches again and armed them with many privileges against Christians Hereupon they killed many men in the very Churches murthering Women and Infants and ravishing Virgins c. The Donatists were opposed by the Learned Writings of private Fathers Optatus Milevitanus and St. Augustine and by two Councils one at Carthage Vid. August Epist 162. another at Arles in France Pope Miltiades was by the Emperour made Judge between the Catholicks and Donatists and after him the Bishop of Arles This Heresie continued till about the six hundreth year of Christ and that which put a period to this Heresie was partly their own dissentions but chiefly they were suppressed by the Civil Magistrate for Honorius the Emperour by punishments mixt with Instructions from the Church Vide Baron Annal in Anno 362. Num. 264. converted and reclaimed very many He caused the Patent of Privilege which Julian granted the Donatists Publicis locis affigendum in ludibrium To be affixed to publick places for a reproach unto them Julian was slain in battel against the Persians having governed the Empire after the death of Constantius one year and seven months Then Jovian was saluted Emperour who being a professor of the Christian Faith rejected the Arians but he died of a surfeit in the eighth month of his Reign Then Valentinian was Elected Emperour a man constant in the Christian Faith but he died of an Apoplexy in the twelfth year of his Government leaving his Son Gratian to succeed him in the Empire who after the death of Valens his Uncle had the Government both of East and West his Brother Valentinian was his Colleague in the Government of the West Gratian in the beginning of his Reign reduced from banishment those Bishops whom Valens that Arian Persecutor had banished Gratian was slain by Andragathius Captain of the Army of Maximus who usurped the Empire of the West by fraud and treachery near Lions in France where he made his abode But Theodosius a man of Noble Parentage in Spain to whom Gratian had committed the Government of the East being mindful of the kindness of Gratian toward him lâ—d an Army against Maximus The Captains of Maximus's Army hereupon delivered him bound to Theodosius who put him to death Andragathius who slew Gratian seeing no way to escape threw himself head-long into the Sea and so perished Not long after Eugenius by the Power of the Earl Arbogastes Usurped the Government Anno 391. And the year following the said Arbogastes slew Valentinian at Vienna in France Epiphanius saith he was strangled in his Palace Century V. IN the Year 401. died St. Martin Bishop of Turin who following Hillary into France from his banishment having there lived an austere and retired life was Created Bishop of Turin almost at that time that St. Ambrose was established Bishop of Milan viz. in the Year 375. A man to be admired above all his Predecessors for Piety whom the Emperours themselves have had in great esteem and among the rest Maximus who feasted him Anno 386. in a Feast that his Wife the Empress had prepared who supplyed the place of a Waiter and Attendant at the Table her self Sulpitius Severus in the life of St. Martin sheweth that when he was to be chosen Bishop one of the people having taken the Psalter in the place of the Reader then absent began to read the eighth Psalm where there was Vt destruas inimicum defensorem at which word defensorem the people cryed out against one Defensor who opposed Martin's Election to the Episcopacy About this time the Monastical Profession came into Europe to which Jerome at Rome and St. Martin in France did much contribute In the Year 446. the Pelagian Heresie having spread over all Britain the British Churches being infected therewith King Vortigern sent for Germanus Bishop of Auxerres and Lupus Bishop of Troyes in Champagne out of France men eminent for their Counsel and Doctrine who confuting the Pelagians gained to themselves great esteem among the Britans After the return of Germanus and Lupus into their own Countrey Pelagianism began to sprout forth again in Britain But after three years Germanus returning back again into Britain brought with him Severus and the Pelagian Heresie was again condemned in a second Synod Britain being thus settled in good order Germanus went again into France and died soon after his return In this Century flourished other worthy Bishops and Preachers in France Eucherius Bishop of Lions was then eminent some of whose writings are yet extant Baron ad Ann. 453. About this time Baronius speaks of a Synod of Anjou which saith Let none be Ordained Priests or Deacons but such as have one Wife only who married Virgins Hillary first Bishop of Arles and afterward as appeareth of Vienna flourished about the year 458. he opposed himself directly to Leo Bishop of Rome and would acknowledge no
the end of his periods He was a very learned man as by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testament evidently appeareth Catal. Test verit Among the Collections of Aventinus there is an Epistle with this Title The Epistle of the Bishops of Germany and France to Pope Anastasius This was written in the time of King Clovis Leporius a French Monk made a flourish of the Nestorian Heresie but being refuted by Augustine he asked pardon of his Errour Faustus of an Abbot was made Bishop of Rhegium in France as Gennadius writeth in his Catalogue He wrote against the Pelagians and Epicureans A contention arose in France about the Doctrine of Predestination which had it's rise out of the Books of St. Augustine being ill understood Lucidus made opposition Faustus chastised him and brought him to his Opinion Eleven Bishops subscribed to the Epistle of Faustus in the Council of Arles by which Faustus himself affirmeth that an hard piece of work was put upon him of disputing concerning Grace and Free-Will About the same time also was solemnized at Lions an Assembly of twenty seven Bishops Victorinus of Aquitain at the request of Hillary set forth an Easter-Circle of 532 years in the year 563. Century VI. THe Province of Narbon which was called the first Province of France remained in the Goths subjection and thence it began to be called Gothia for Amalaricus his Father Alaricus being dead hastily flying into Spain he retained under his Power Spain with that part of France which we have mentioned before The Divine Providence gave to Clovis above all other Princes in the world such happy success as oftentimes his wars were miraculously confirmed to be guided of God among which is that remarkable thing That hastening against Alaricus having encamped near the River Vigenna he found a shallow place by the direction of an Hind that passed over the River before him through which he transported his Army to the other side and after this victory preparing to besiege Angoulesm the walls of the City falling down of their own accord gave him an easie entrance into the City Which things being known the Emperour Anastasius the year following the victory of Vocles sent a Standard to Chlodoveus or Clovis Petav. Hist Orbis Lib. 7. cap. 2. And he went in Procession in St. Martin's Church at Turin with his Belt his Purple-gown and his Diadem then coming to Paris there he established his Throne Anno 507 with so happy successes Procopius saith that the Franks made a League offensive with King Theodorick against the Burgundians and that the Goths delaying the time purposely at length arrived when the fight was ended and so without receiving any loss they divided the spoil with the Francks equally sharing the Kingdom which it is like came to pass about the year 508 it being after the Visigoths great defeat although at that time the Burgundian Kingdom was not utterly extinct in France for Gundebaut being defeated and dead Sigismond his Son kept still what remained who harkening to Avitus Bishop of Vienna changed his Arian Heresie into the Orthodox Faith After this Clodoveus raging against his nearest Friends put them almost all to death and at last in the year 511. died in Paris Clovis convoked the first Synod at Orleans Then flourished in France Caesarius Bishop of Arles whom we read to have been one of the Council of Agathus held in the year of Christ 506. and lived unto the time of Vigilius of whom he received a Letter Anno 538. Also Avitus Bishop of Vienna by whom the Burgundians received the Christian Faith Remigius Bishop of Rhemes called the Apostle of the Francks died Anno 534. In the same Year was held a Council at Avergnes wherein was Flavius Bishop of Rhemes Then are Hincmarus and Flodoardus mistaken in saying that he officiated in the Bishoprick 74 years and lived 96 years In France Launomarus of Chartres and Maximinus of Orleans were renowned Friars Maximus builded the Micians Monastery near unto the City he was Nephew to Euspicius Clovis as he went first to Orleans brought them both thither along with him Sigebert calleth that Monastery of the Micians Maximus's Monastery also Avitus and Carilesus Maximus's Disciples But Clovis being dead his four Sons divide the Realm into four Kingdoms Childebert was King of Paris and under this Realm was comprehended the Provinces of Poictou Main Tourain Champaigne Anjou Guyenne and Auvergne Clotaire was King of Soissons and the dependance of this Realm were Vermandois Picardy Flaunders and Normandy Clodamir was King of Orleans and the Estates of this Realm were all the Dutchy of Orleans Burgundy Lionois Daulphine and Provence Thierri was King of Metz and to his Realm was subject the Country of Lorain and all the Countries from Rhemes unto the Rhine and beyond it all Germany which was the Ancient Patrimony of the Kings of France De Serres in vit Childeb He was received in this Royal Partition with his Brethren though he were a Bastard the which hath been likewise practised by others in the first Line And as every one of these four Kings called themselves Kings of France so they also added the name of their Principal City where they held their Court. But there was a Civil Dissention betwixt the Brethren they Leavy Forces with intent to ruine one another They Reigned forty and two years together as Kings of France yet with a particular Title under this general as hath been said But in the end Clotaire remained King alone At this time were frequent meetings of Bishops in Aurelia or Orleans many superstitious Constitutions were hatched among them Symson's Church History Lib. 6. de Conciliis especially about prohibition of marriage for this Doctrine had now got the upper hand in the West In the second Council Simony is condemned and the receiving of money for the admitting a man to a Spiritual Office is condemned In the third Council Perjury is abhorred in a man having a Spiritual Calling but softly punished by two years excluding him from the Communion In the fourth Council it is Ordained The Bishops met in the Synod at Orleans direct their letters thus to the King To our Lord the most Illustrious King Clovis the Son of the Catholick Church all the Clergy whom you commanded to come unto the Council c. And it is said in the Preface to the second Council of Orleans We are here Assembled by the Command of our most Illustrious Kings in the City of Orleans That in the offering of the Holy Chalice nothing shall be presented but Wine only unmixed with water because it is a sacrilegious thing to transgress the holy mandate and institution of our Saviour Christ In the fifth Council it is condescended that no man shall be Ordained Bishop without consent of King Clergy and People according to the Ancient Constitution of the Church and that no Spiritual Office shall be bought by money There was an
with augmentation if need require for eschewing of perjuries false testimonies and many other inconveniences Of the Council of Tours In the same Year 813 at the Commandment of the Emperour Charles the Great a Council of many Bishops and Abbots was Assembled there about establishing Ecclesiastical Discipline 1. In the first Canon all men are admonished to be obedient to the Emperour Charles and to keep the Oath of Allegiance made unto him and to make prayers for his prosperity 2. All Bishops shall frequently read all the Books of holy Scripture together with the Books of Ancient Fathers written thereupon 3. It is not lawful for any Bishop to be ignorant of the Canons of the Church and of the Pastoral Book of Gregory 4. Let every Bishop feed the Flock committed to him not only with Doctrine but also with an holy Example 5. That a Bishop be content with a moderate diet that holy Lectures be read at his Table rather than the idle words of Parasites 6. Let strangers and poor people be at Bishops Tables whom they may refresh both with corporal and spiritual repast 7. That the delicate pleasure of the eye and ear be eschewed lest the mind be enchanted therewith 8. Let not the Lords Servants delight in vain jesting nor in hunting and hawking 9. Let Presbyters and Deacons follow the footsteps of their Bishops in leading a pious life 10. Let Bishops take care of the poor and faithfully dispense Church-goods 11. That Bishops may with consent of Presbyters and Deacons bestow somewhat out of the Church-treasure to support needy people of that same Church 12. A Presbyter is not to be Ordained till he is thirty years old 13. Let the Bishop see that in his own Parish Church no Presbyter coming from any other parts do Service in his Church without Letters of Recommendation 14. Let a Presbyter leaving a low place and presuming to an higher incurr that same punishment which a Bishop taken in the like fault should incurr 15. A Presbyter who getteth a Church by giving money for it let him be deposed 16. Let Tithes bestowed upon Churches by advice of Bishops be faithfully distributed to the poor by the Presbyters 17. The Families of the Bishops shall be instructed in the summ of the true Faith in the knowledge of the retribution to be given to good men and the condemnation of evil people and of the resurrection and last judgement c. 18. That the Bishop instruct his Presbyters concerning the Sacrament of Baptism what it is they should desire the baptized people to renounce 19. That Presbyters when they say Mass and do communicate do not distribute the Lord's body indiscreetly to children and to all persons who happen to be present c. Then Reader take notice that private Masses had no place in those dayes but they who were duly prepared did communicate with the Priest 20. Presbyters shall not suffer the holy Chrism to be touched by any man 21. Presbyters shall not haunt Taverns 22. Bishops and Presbyters shall prescribe to sinners who have confessed their sins penance discreetly according to the nature of their fault 23. Chanons who dwell in one City shall eat in one Cloyster and sleep under one roof that they may be ready to Celebrate their Canonical hours 24. From the 24 to the 32 Canon are Constitutions concerning Monks and Nuns which I overpass with silence 32. All Christians are exhorted to peace and concord 33. Lords and Judges should hearken to the good admonitions of their Bishops and Bishops on the other side should reverently regard them 34. Lords and Judges are not to admit vile persons to bear witness in their Judicatories 35. Let no man for his Decree receive a reward 36. Let every one be careful to support indigent persons of his own kindred 37. That Christians do bow their knees in prayer except upon the Lord's Day and other Solemn dayes on the which the Universal Church keepeth a memorial of the Lord's Resurrection At such times they use to stand and pray 38. That none enter into the Church with noise and tumult and in time of prayer and celebration of the Mass not to be busied in vain confabulations but even to abstain from idle thoughts 39. Let not the Consistories of Secular Judges be in the Church or porches thereof in any time to come because the House of God should be an house of prayer 40. That Merchandize be forbidden on the Lord's Day that the whole day be spent in God's service 41. That paricides murtherers and incestuous persons be reduced to Order by the discipline of the secular power 42. That all people abstain from Magical Arts which are the deceitfull snares of the Devil 43. A frequent custom of swearing is forbidden 44. That the causes of many Free Subjects brought to poverty by oppression be examined by the Emperour 45. That false weights and measures are an abomination to the Lord. 46. The 46 Canon bewaileth that Tithes were not duly paid to the Church shewing the ill effects thereof 47. When general Fastings are appointed for any impendent Calamity let no man neglect the fellowship of the humble Church c. 48. Drunkenness and surfeiting are forbidden c. 49. Lords and Masters are to be admonished not to deal cruelly with their subjects yea and not to seek that which is due unto themselves with excessive rigour 50. Let Laick people communicate at least thrice in a year unless they be hindered by some great sins committed by them 51. In the last Canon mention is made that they diligently examined the cause of them who complained to the Emperour that they were dis-inherited by the donation of Lands which their Fathers and Friends had bestowed on the Church and in their bounds they found no man who did complain yet in that matter if any thing was done amiss they humbly submitted themselves to be corrected by their Soveraign Lord and King Of the Council of Chalons This Council was Convened in the same year of our Lord 813 by the Commandment of Charles the Great for the Reformation of the Ecclesiastical Estate Many of the Canons of this Council are co-incident with the Canons of the former which I shall overpass and mention only some of the other Can. 3. Let Bishops Constitute Schools wherein Learning may be encreased and men brought up in them that may be the salt of the earth to season the corrupt manners of the people and to stop the mouths of Hereticks 4. Let Church-men shew humility in word deed habit and countenance 5. Let Priests be unreproveable adorned with good manners and not given to filthy lucre 7. Bishops and Abbots who have circumvented simple men and shaven their heads and by such means do possess their goods let them be subject to Canonical or Regular Repentance 8. If Church-men lay up provision of Corn in Victualling-houses let it not be to keep them to a dearth but therewith to support the poor in a time of need
the Catholick Church Then he appealeth to the testimony of Ambrose Augustine and Hierome who never taught the Doctrine of Transubstantiation He writeth also that the very Flesh and Blood of Christ was given unto the Apostles at the first Institution and are still given unto faithful Communicants Adelman enlarged much on this subject What answer Berengarius did return to him we find not But he wrote an Epistle to Lanfrank declaring the abuses of the Sacrament and commending the Book of John Scotus upon that question Occolampad Epist l. 3. And he wrote expresly that the Body of Christ is not in the Sacrament but as in a sign figure or mystery He spake also in his Preachings against the Romish Church in the Doctrine of Marriage and necessity of Baptism And Bellarmine witnesseth that Berengarius called the Church of Rome the malignant Church the Council of vanity and the seat of Satan and he called the Pope not Pontificem vel Episcopum sed pompificem Pulpificem It happened that Lanfrank was not at home and the Convent opened the Letter of Berengarius and sent it with a Clerk of Rhemes unto Pope Leo IX The Pope summoned a Synod at Verceles Berengarius was advised not to go himself to the Synod but send some Clerks in his name to answer for him The two Clerks were clapt in Prison Scotus was condemned 200 years after his death and the Doctrine of Berengarius was condemned yet nothing done against his Person at that time because many favoured him Lanfrank pleaded for him but he was commanded by the Pope to answer him under no less pain than to be reputed as great an Heretick as he Petries Ch. Hist Cent. 11. Lanfrank following the sway of the World for afterwards he was made Arch-Bishop of Canterbury by Willliam the Conquerour performed the charge Guitmund Bishop of Aversa wrote more bitterly and less truly against Berengarius Nevertheless Berengarius abode constant and was in great esteem both with the Nobility and People And therefore Pope Victor the second gave direction to the Bishops of France to take order with him The Pope's Ambassadours were present at the Council and Berengarius answered that he adhered to no particular opinion of his own but he followed the common Doctrine of the Universal Church that is saith he as the Fathers Primitive Church and Scriptures have taught This gentle answer mitigated the fury of his Adversaries yet he persisted in his own opinion and for this cause Lanfrank objected against him that he deluded the Council of Tours with general and doubtful words Du. Moul. Contr Perron li. 1. Afterwards Pope Nicholas the second hearing that he was honoured of many assembled a great Council against him at Rome of 113 Bishops where it was declared and pronounced That the Bread and Wine which is put upon the Altar after the Consecration is not only the Sacrament but also the true Body of our Lord Jesus Christ And that not only the Sacrament but the Body of the Lord is * It seems they meant sensibly sensually and in truth handled by the hands of the Priest broken and bruised by the teeth of the faithful When Berengarius with many Arguments defended that the Sacrament to speak properly was the figure of Christ 's body and Cardinal Albericus who was nominated to dispute against him could not by voice resist him Sigon de reg Ital li. 9. and neither of the two would yield unto the other Alhericus sought the space of seven days to answer in writing And at last when disputation could not prevail against him he was commanded to recant or else he must expect to be burnt They prescribed to him a form of Recantation of his errour as they called it Gratian de consecrat dist 2. The Recantation was penned by Cardinal Humbert and is registred by Gratian. Nevertheless the words of the Recantation are far from Transubstantiation These are the words so far as they concern our present purpose Massons Annal. Franc. li. 3. faithfully translated I Berengarius do consent to the Apostolick and Roman See and with my Mouth and Heart confess that the Bread and Wine laid on the Altar after the Consecration are not only the Sacrament but the very body and blood of our Lord Jesus and sensibly not only in Sacrament but in truth are handled with the hands of the Priest broken and chewed with the hands and Teeth of the faithful John Semeca the Glossator of the Decrees expresly condemneth the words of this Recantation and saith If thou understandest not the words of Berengarius soundly thou shalt fall into a greater Heresie than he did for we break not Christ 's body into pieces nisi in speciebus Usser de success Eccles Berengarius returning home returned also to his former Doctrine and wrote in defence of it Some have written that Berengarius denyed the Baptism of Infants But Arch-Bishop Vsher saith that in so many Synods held against him we never find any such thing laid to his charge Illyricus gives this Character of him Tempore Leonis noni circa 1049. Berengarius Vir pietate eruditione Clarus Andegavensis Ecclesiae Diaconus quum videret Pontificios Doctores quam plurimos ingenti fastu Transubstantiationis fundamenta sternere quod mentem Augustini aliorum Veterum non intelligerent Vid. Thevet vies des hommes Illustres li. 3. sed Sacramentales Hyperbolicas nonnullas locutiones ad novum sensum inducendum detorquerent veram sententiam ex Orthodoxo consensu repetitam his corruptelis opposuit verbo Dei Testimoniisque Veterum Theologorum refellere conatus est scriptis etiam evulgatis libris ut pii in vera Doctrinâ confirmarentur Catal. Test Verit. lib. 22. Berengarius dyed holding his first Doctrine at Tours in the Isle of St. Cosina and was buried at St. Martins where his Tomb was reared and Hildebert Bishop of Caenoman and then of Tours and made his Epitaph which William of Malmesbury hath set down And this is a part of it Quem modò miratur semper mirabitur orbis Ille Berengarius non obiturus obit Guil. Malmsb. de Gest Anglor li. 3. Quem sacrae fidei vestigia summa tenentem Huic jam quinta dies abstulit ausa nefas Illa dies damnosa dies perfida mundo Quâ dolor rerum summa ruina fuit Quâ Status Ecclesiae quâ spes quâ gloria Cleri Quâ cultor juris jure ruente ruit Post obitum secum vivam precor ac requiescam Nec fiat melior sors mea sorte suâ Platina calleth Berengarius famous for learning and holiness He was a great friend to learning Platin. in vit Joann 15. and bred many Students of Divinity at his proper charge and by means of them his Doctrine was sowed through all France and the Countries adjacent This was matter unto his adversaries to envy him the more Albeit he did waver as
Peter did and although his Doctrine was so often condemned by the Popes yet it could not be rooted out of the minds of men for Matthew Paris writeth Math. Paris Hist Anglor Math. Westm that all France was affected with this Doctrine and Matthew of Westminster at the same time saith That the Doctrine of Berengarius had corrupted all the English Italian and French Nations So that the Berengarians that is the Preachers of the true Faith which the Romanists call Heresie against the rising errours did not lurk in a Corner Sigeb Gemblac Chroni And Sigebert in his Chronicle saith that there mere many disputations among divers persons both for him and against him both by word and by writing Thuan. Hist in Epist Dedicat. Thuanus also hath noted that in Germany were many of the same Doctrine and that Bruno Bishop of Trevers banished them all out of his Diocess but sparing their Blood And John Tossington a Franciscan in his confession set forth Anno 1380. saith thus The Heretical sentence which is raised of the dreams of Berengarius affirmeth openly that all the Fathers of the Church and Doctors of the second thousand years as they speak that is who have been within 380 years have been after the loosing of Satan and the Doctrine which we saith he hold to be the Faith of the Church Usher ca. 3. concerning the blessed Eucharist they say it is not right but an errour and heresie and the tares of Satan being let loose To defend the words of the former Recantation which was given in the Synod at Lateran unto Berengarius these flatterers of the Romish Idol have devised a new distinction of oral manducation viz. That oral eating is either visible or invisible And they called the opinion of eating Christ 's flesh visibly the errour of the Capernaites and they said the eating of Christ 's flesh with the mouth invisibly was the explication of Christ But the Fathers of higher antiquity condemned all oral eating as Capernaitism neither were the Capernaites so subtle as to make such distinctions yea surely Christ would have made his correction according to their errour Mark what St. Augustine saith August Tract 27 in Johan who abideth not in Christ and in whom Christ abideth not without all doubt he neither spiritually eateth Christ 's flesh nor drinketh his blood albeit carnally and visibly he with his teeth do press the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ And Tract 28. What is it They are Spirit and Life they are spiritually to be understood Understandest thou them spiritually they are Spirit and Life Understandest thou them carnally so also they are Spirit and Life but not to thee They understanding spiritual things carnally were scandalized Here St. Augustine opposeth carnal eating unto spiritual eating and he saith that carnally men eat not the flesh of Christ but the Sacrament of his flesh Philip the first succeeded his Father Henry This Henry had caused his Son Philip to be crowned King being but seven years old and gave him Baldwin Earl of Flanders for Tutor and Regent of the Realm He lived but a little time after his Son 's Coronation The King 's Minority passed quietly by the wise government of Baldwin who having accompanied his Pupil to the Age of 15 years dyeth and leaveth him his Realm in peace Baldwin left two Sons Baldwin and Robert with their Mother Richilde Then their Unckle Robert the Frison pretended the Inheritance to belong to him and supplanting his Nephews seizeth on the Earldom of Flanders and King Philip forsakes Baldwin's Children at their need forgetting the good Offices he had received from their Father Now William Duke of Normandy is received King of England and Crowned in a solemn Assembly of the English and homage is done unto him as their lawful Lord Anno 1066. He had encountred King Harold and overcome his Host in that place where afterward was builded the Abbey of Battle in Sussex The day after the Battle very early in the morning Odo Bishop of Baieux sung Mass for those that were departed being slain in the Battle Before this time Priests were forbidden to marry but could not be restrained from their liberty In the Year 1074. Pope Gregory VII otherwise Hildebrand in a Synod at Rome condemned all married Priests as Nicolaitans He directed his Bulls as they called them to Bishops Dukes and other Powers declaring every one to be no Priest that had a Wife His Bull was sent into Italy and Germany This Decree being proclaimed through all Italy he sent many Letters unto the French Bishops commanding that they should upon pain of an everlasting curse put away all the Women from the Houses of Priests But the residue of the Clergy stoutly withstood the Pope 's decree and would not agree thereunto Then there arose such a Schism in the Church that the people would not send their Priests unto the Bishops but did elect them among themselves and put them in Office without the knowledge of the Bishops And Nauclerus saith that both Priests and people did oppose the Pope 's decree and that not only in Germany but in France also Yea Gebuiler a late Papist testifieth that in those times 24 Bishops in Germany and France with their Clergy did constantly maintain the liberty of Priests marriage If other Nations had followed the like concord and constancy of these German and French Ministers the devilish decree of this Hildebrand had been avoided About this time at Nantes a Letter was presented unto a Clerk as directed from Hell in it Satan and all that fry gave thanks unto all the Popish Clergy Math. Paris Hist because they were not wanting to do their wills and pleasures and because by negligence of preaching they had sent so many souls to Hell as no Age preceding had seen so many After the death of Hildebrand Victor the third Abbot of Cassa was made Pope not by the Election of the Romans or Cardinals but was thrust in by the aid of his Harlot Mathilda and the Normans that were of his faction He being established began to defend Gregorie's pranks against the Emperour and others But the hastiness of his death shortned his malice When Gregory and Victor were dead the Bishops of Germany and France considering the calamities of the Church by that unhappy schism Avent Annal. li. 5. met at Gurstung to end the controversie There Conrade Bishop of Vtrecht made a long Oration in the Assembly The Papal party had chosen Gebhard Bishop of Salisburgh to speak in their name but when he heard the Oration of Conrade he would not open his mouth to speak on the contrary At length a Synod was convocated at Mentz whither came the Emperour the Electors and many Dukes Peter Bishop of Portua and Legate of Clemens and many Bishops of Germany and France There the faction of Hildebrand by common suffrage was condemned as contrary unto Christian piety and a decree was published
against Luther and others defend him Luther proceedeth and writeth against other corruptions of the Church of Rome and many are enlightned by him Charles V. being Emperour calleth a Dyet at Wormes and thither is Luther summoned Anno 1521. who stoutly defendeth his Doctrine and many Priests began to preach and even in Wormes after they had seen the constancy of Luther they receive the preachers of the Gospel and because they could not have the liberty of the Churches they set up a portable pulpit and heard the preachers in many places of the Town until the year 1525. The Gospel was preached in Saxony and embraced there as also at Halberstat Hamburgh Pomerania Liveland and many other places Charles Duke of Savoy was desirous of truth and purity Luther understanding it by Annemund Coot a French Knight writes unto him a confession of Faith to confirm him in the zeal of piety In the closure he saith Well! Illustrious Prince stir up that spark which hath begun to kindle in thee and let fire come from the house of Savoy as from the house of Joseph and let all France be kindled by thee yea let that Holy fire burn and encrease that at last France may be truly called for the Gospel's sake the most Christian Kingdom In the year 1523. the Gospel began to be openly preached in France at Gratianople in the Daulphinatè by Peter Sebevilla Zuinglius by writing encouraged him to lift up his voice like a Trumpet and sound forth the Gospel in France At the same time in Melda about ten miles from Paris was Bishop William Brissonnet he was a Lover of Truth and Light he passeth by the Monks and sought learned Men to teach the Gospel So from Paris he calleth Jacobus Faber William Farel Arnold and Gâ—rard Red who did most fervently instruct the people in the truth But the Bishop's courage was soon abated by terrible menaces of the Sorbonnists nevertheless the word of God was planted in the hearts of many and by the wondrous counsel of God from the persecution of that one Church many Churches through France were planted for both the Teachers and hearers were spread abroad After Martin Luther had opened the way in Germany John Calvin born at Noyon in Piccardy a Man of a great wit marvellously eloquent and generally Learned departing from the Faith then generally held proposed in his Books which he published in Print and in his Sermons which he preached in divers places in France one hundred twenty eight axiomes so he called them disagreeing from the Roman Church The French Wits curious by Nature and desirous of Novelties began at first rather for pastime than through choice to read his writings and frequent his Sermons But as Davila a Papist observeth in his History of the civil Wars of France as in all business of the World it useth often to fall out that things beginning in jest end in earnest so these opinions sowed in God's Church Davila Hist of the Civil Wars of France lib. 1. so crept up saith he that they were greedily embraced and firmly believed by a great number of people and persons of all qualities insomuch that Calvin came to be reverenced of many in a short time and believed for a new miraculous Interpreter of Scripture and saith my Authour as it were a certain infallible Teacher of the true Faith The foundation of this Doctrine was in the City of Geneva scituate upon the Lake Antiently called Lacus Lemanus upon the confines of Savoy which having rejected the Government of the Duke and Bishop to whom formerly it paid obedience under the name of Terra Franca under pretext of liberty of conscience reduced it self into the form of a Common-wealth From thence books coming out daily in print and men furnished with Wit and eloquence insinuating themselves into the Neighbour Provinces who secretly sowed the seeds of this new Doctrine in progress of time all the Cities and Provinces of the Kingdom of France were filled with it though so covertly that there appeared openly only some few marks and conjectures of it This began in the time of King Francis the first who though sometimes he made severe resolutions against the preachers and professours of this Doctrine yet notwithstanding being continually busied in Forreign Wars took little notice thereof Peter Viret was an eloquent French Divine whom Calvin desired for his Colleague His French Books are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque William Farel was also a learned Divine of Geneva He hath written De Vray Vsage de la Croix and other Books Upon Calvin Farel and Viret there is this Epigram of Beza Gallica mirata est Calvinum Ecclesia nuper Quo nemo docuit doctiùs Est quoque te nuper mirata Farelle tonantem Quo nemo tonuit fortiùs Et miratur adhuc fundentem mella Viretum Quo nemo fatur dulciùs Scilicet aut tribus his servabere testibus olim Aut interibis Gallia Stephen Pasquier a French Writer and a Papist doth much extol Calvin's piety wit and learning Recherch de la France li. 8. ca. 55. John Clerk was apprehended at Melden in France Anno 1523. for setting up upon the Church-door a certain Bill against the Pope's pardons lately sent thither from Rome in which Bill he named the Pope to be Antichrist For which he was three several days whipped and afterwards had a mark imprinted in his Forehead as a note of infamy His mother being a good Christian-woman though her Husband was an Adversary when she beheld her Son thus grievously scourged and ignominiously deformed in the face did boldly encourage her Son crying with a loud Voice Blessed be Christ and welcome be these prints and marks After this execution and punishment sustained the said John departed that Town and went to Rosie in Brie and from thence to Metz where he was taken for casting down Images and there his hand was first cut off from his right Arm then his Nose with sharp pincers was violently pulled from his Face after that both his Arms and his paps were likewise pluckt and drawn with the same Instrument He quietly endured these Torments in a manner singing the Verses of the 115 Psalm Their Idols be Silver and Gold the work only of Man's hand The rest of his body was committed to the fire and therewith consumed Anno 1525. Doctor John Castellan after he was called to the knowledge of God he bâ—came a true preacher of his word in France at Barleduc also at Vittery in Partoise at Chalon in Champagne and in the Town of Vike which is the Episcopal Seat of the Bishop of Metz in Lorrain After he had laid some foundation of the Doctrine of the Gospel in Metz in returning from thence he was taken prisoner by the Cardinal of Lorrain's servants and carried to the Castle of Nommenie from thence he was carried to the Town and Castle of Vike always constantly persevering in the same Doctrine He was degraded by
the Bishop of Nicopolis and condemned to be burnt quick which Death he suffered January 12. 1525. with that constancy that not only many ignorant people were thereby drawn to the knowledge of the truth but also multitudes which had tasted thereof in some measure already were greatly confirmed by his constancy in his Death Then Wolfgangus Schuch coming to a certain Town in Lorrain called St. Hippolitus and being received in the Town for their Pastor laboured by all means to root out of the hearts of the people Idolatry and superstition Hereupon Duke Anthony Prince of Lorrain threatens the Town of St. Hippolitus Wolfgangus humbly wrote to the Duke in defence both of his Doctrine and Ministry and of the whole cause of the Gospel and having confuted the Fryars in disputation he was condemned to be burnt Shortly after his death the Commendator of St. Anthony of Vienna who sate as spiritual Judge over him and gave sentence of his condemnation fell down suddenly and dyed In like manner his Fellow which was Abbot of Clarilocus suddenly at the coming of the Dutchess of Denmark into the City of Nancy being stricken with sudden fear at the noise of Guns fell down and dyed In the beginning of the year 1525. was the Battle of Pavia where Francis I. the French King was taken Prisoner and carried to Madrid in Spain but after many Months confinement he is enlarged and returneth into France The Pope understanding the King was set at Liberty sent to congratulate with him and to make a confederation against the Emperour Hist Concil Trid. li 1. The which being ratified in Cugvac May 22. 1526. between Him that King and the Princes of Italy under the name of the most Holy League the Pope absolveth the French King from the Oath taken in Spain for the observation of the things agreed upon Now followeth a Table of French Martyrs Fox Act and Monum 1. JAmes Pavane Schoolmaster at Paris Anno 1524. being first taken by the Bishop of Meaux was compelled by Dr. Martial to recant Afterwards returning again to his confession he was burnt at Paris Anno 1525. 2. Dionysius de Rieux at Melda or Meaux was burned at Melda for saying that the Mass is a plain denyal of the Death and Passion of Christ Anno 1528. He had often in his mouth these words of Christ He that denyeth me before Men him will I also deny before my Father 3. Joannes de Cadurco Batchellour of the Civil Law for making an exhortation to his Countrey-men of Limosin was accused taken degraded and burnt 4. John Burges Merchant the receiver of Nantes Bartholomew Mylen a lame Cripple Henry Poille of Couberon Catella a School-Mistress Stephen de la Fogge Merchant were condemned and burned in Paris Anno 1533. Henry of Couberon had his Tongue bored through and with an Iron wire tyed fast to one of his cheeks and so was burned with the other as is aforesaid 5. Alexander Canus a Priest for the confession of the true Religion was also burnt at Paris Anno 1533. 6. John Pointer a Chyrurgeon because he would not do homage to a certain Idol at the commandment of a Fryar that came to confess him his Tongue was cut off and then he was burned at Paris 7. Peter Gaudet a Knight sometime of Rhodes after long torments was burnt for the defence of the Gospel Anno 1533. 8 Quoquillard was burnt for the Testimony of Christ's Gospel at Bizanson in Burgundy Anno 1534. 9. Nicholas Scrivener John de Poix Stephen Burlet were burnt on the same account in the City of Arras Anno 1534. 10. Mary Becaudella was burnt at Fountains for finding fault with the Doctrine of a Grey Fryar in the City of Rochel Anno 1534. 11. John Cornon an Husband-man of Mascon one of such wisdom that he confounded his Judges was condemned by them and burnt Anno 1535. 12. Martin Gonin in Daulphinè being taken for a Spie in the Borders of France towards the Alpes was committed to prison In his going out his Gaoler espyed about him Letters of Farellus and Viret Wherefore being examined of the King's procurator and the Inquisitor touching his Faith after he had rendred a sufficient reason thereof he was cast into the River and drowned 13 Claudius Painter a Goldsmith at Paris going about to convert his Kinsfolks was by the Parliament of Paris condemned to have his Tongue to be cut out and then to be burned Anno 1540. 14. Stephen Brune an Husbandman at Rutiers was condemned to be burnt at Planvol Anno 1540. where the wind arose and blew the fire so from him as he stood exhorting the people that he there continued an hour in a manner unharmed so that all the Wood being consumed they renewed the fire with other Faggots and Vessels of Oyl and yet could he not with all this be burned but stood safe Then the Hangman with his pike thrust him through the belly and the guts and so threw him down into the fire and burnt his body to Ashes throwing away his Ashes afterwards into the Wind. 15. Constantine a Citizen of Rhoan with four others were condemned to be burnt and put in a Dung-cart who rejoyced that they were reputed as excrements of this world but yet their death was a sweet odour unto God Anno 1542. 16. John du Beck Priest for the Doctrine of the Gospel was degraded and burnt at Troyes in Champagne Anno 1543. 17. Aimond de Lavoy a preacher of the Gospel in Anjou after nine months imprisonment at Bourdeaux being put to cruel torments he was first strangled whose body was afterwards consumed with fire 18. Francis Bribard Secretary to Cardinal Bellay was also burnt for the defence of the Gospel his Tongue being first cut out Anno 1544. 19. William Husson an Apothecary for scattering Books concerning Christian Doctrine and the abuse of humane Traditions had his Tongue cut out and was afterwards burnt at Rhoan Delanda a Carmelite Fryar one of his persecutors was afterwards converted and preached the Gospel Anno 1544. 20. James Cobard a School-master in the City of St. Michael in Lorrain was burnt for the Truth Anno 1544. 21. Peter Clerk Brother to John Clerk aforementioned and 14. more who dwelt at Melda were burnt Anno 1546. 22. Peter Chapot was strangled and burnt at Paris Saintinus Nivet and Stephen Polliot were also burned at Paris Anno 1546. 23. John English was burnt at Sens in Burgundy being condemned by the high Court of Paris Anno 1547. 24. Michael Michelot was burnt at Warden by Tourney Anno 1547. 25. Leonard de Prato going from Diion to Bar in Burgundy with two false Brethren and talking about Religion with them was bewrayed of them and afterwards was burnt Anno 1547. 26. John Taffington Joan his Wife Simon Mareschal Joan his Wife William Michaut James Boulerau James Bretany These seven being of the City of Langres for the word of Christ were committed to the fire who dyed comfortably Anno
the confession but gave order that a confutation thereof should be read and no Copy given The Pope was displeased with the Emperour for meddling in Religion but especially for promising a Council He writes to all Princes that he would call a Council though he never meant it and his collusion is discovered by many The Protestants likewise do write to all Princes praying them not to believe the calumnies raised against them and to suspend their Judgements until those that are accused have place to acquit themselves publickly And therefore they will desire the Emperour that he will call a godly and free Council in Germany as soon as might be and not use force until the matter be disputed and lawfully denyed The French King answered with very courteous Letters in substance giving them thanks for communicating unto him a business of so great weight He shewed them that he was glad to understand of their innocency and did approve the instance they made that the vices might be amended wherein they shall find his will to concur with theirs that their requiring a Council was just and holy yea necessary not only for the affairs of Germany but of the whole Church that it was not necessary to use Arms where the controversies may be ended with Treaties The Emperour promiseth the calling of a Council within six months The Pope resolveth to make an Alliance with France to be able to withstand the Emperour After the Assembly of the Protestants at Smalcald the French King Treateth with the Landgrave of Hassia at the Pope's request about the Council The Pope is displeased for the proposal of Geneva for the place of the Council Anno 1534. Pope Clement VII dyeth and Cardinal Farnese is created Pope and named Paul III. He maketh a shew that he desireth a Council he perswadeth the Cardinals to reform themselves The custom is that in the first days the Cardinals obtain favours easily of the new pope Therefore the Cardinal of Lorrain and other French in the name of the King desired him to grant to the Duke of Lorrain the nomination of the Bishopricks and Abbacies of his Dominion The Pope's Answer was that in the Council which should be called shortly it was necessary to take away the faculty of nomination from those Princes that already had it which was some blemish to the Popes his predecessours who had granted them A Bull is made for the convocation of the Council at Mantua May 27. 1537. The Pope prayeth the French King and all other Kings and Princes to be there in person The Protestants approve not the Bull of convocation The Duke of Mantua makes a Grant of his City and afterwards recalleth it The King of England opposeth the Council by a publick manifest Then the Pope sent out a Bull for the convocation of the Council at Vicenza The Legates went to Vicenza at the time appointed and the Pope to Nizza in Provence at the same time to speak personally with the Emperour and the French King which he gave out was only to make peace between those great Princes though his principal end was to draw the Dukedom of Milan to his own house Anno 1538. The Council intimated is suspended during pleasure The Emperour gave order for a Dyet to be held in Germany where Ferdinand thought good inviting the Protestant Princes to be there in person and promising publick security unto all Cardinal Farnese hearing of this conclusion made without his knowledge went immediately away and passing by Paris obtained of the French King a severe Edict against the Lutherans which being published was executed in that City and after through all France with much rigour King Francis commanded that all should be appeached who had Books differing from the Church of Rome that made secret Conventicles that transgressed the commandments of the Church and especially that observed not the Doctrine of Meats or prayed in any Tongue but the Latin and commanded the Sorbonnists to be diligent Spies against them Afterwards understanding the Emperour 's cunning who assayed to incite the Pope against him he caused the Lutherans to be really proceeded against and commanded that a form to discover and accuse them should be instituted in Paris proposing punishments to the concealers of them and rewards to the Delators This was done Anno 1542. The Emperour gave divers orders to the Prelates of Spain and the Low-Countries and commanded that the Divines of Lovain should assemble together to consider of the Doctrines which were to be proposed which they reduced to XXII heads without confirming them by any place of Scripture but explicating Magisterially the conclusion only Thâ— French King also Assembled at Melun the Parisian Divines to consult of â—â—â— necessary positions of the Christian Faith to be proposed in thâ—â—â—uncil where there was much contention For some desired to propose the confirmation of whatsoever was constituted in Constance and Basil and the re-establishment of the Pragmatick Sanction And others doubting that the King would be offended by destroying the Concordat made between him and Leo which would necessarily follow gave counsel not to set that disputation on foot And afterwards because there were divers opinions in that School concerning the Sacraments unto which some gave effective Ministerial vertue and others not every one desiring that his opinion should be an Article of Faith nothing could be concluded but that they should keep themselves within compass of the XXV heads published two years before The Council is appointed to be in Trent and thither the Legates are sent While they meet in Trent to convince Heresies by a Council in France they did the same by force of Arms against a small remainder of the Waldenses Inhabitants of the Alpes of Provence who as hath hath been said before maintained a separation from the See of Rome with divers Rites and Doctrine These Men after the Reformation of Zuinglius enlarged their Doctrine by his and reduced their Rites unto some form at the same time when Geneva embraced the Reformation Sentence was pronounced against these many years before by the Parliament of Aix which had never been executed The King now commanded to execute the Sentence The President mustered together as many Souldiers as he could in the places bordering upon them and in the Pope's State of Avignon and went with an Army against these poor Creatures who had neither Weapon nor thought otherwise than by flight to defend themselves those that could They went not about to teach them or by threats to make them leave their Rites and opinions but first of all filling all the Countrey with Rapes slew as many as stood to their mercy because they could not fly without sparing young or old They rather razed the Countries of Cabriers in Provence and of Merindol in the County of Viinoisin belonging to the Pope and all other places in those Precincts More than 4000. persons were slain They that fled to the Woods and Mountains partly were famished
to the Duke The peace that had been concluded before Montpelier in the year 1622. Vid. The Histâ—ry of the life of the Duke of Espernon part 3. had hitherto continued the affairs of the Kingdom in some repose and although those of the Reformed Religion expressed some dispositions to a new Commotion there was as yet no manifest breach Soubize by an attempt made upon the King 's Shipping at Blavet made the first breach All the rest of the party broke into Arms at the same time and the Duke of Rohan who had long been known to be the Head of that party stirred them into insurrection A promptitude in his Partizans so much the more to be wondered at as he commanded a sort of people whose obedience was only voluntary Montauban was one of the Cities not only of Guienne but also of the whole Kingdom that engaged the deepest in this revolt the Inhabitants whereof by having had a siege raised from before their Walls and by having baffled a Royal Army even when animated by the presence of the King himself began to think themselves invincible and their City a place not to be taken The King therefore sent order to the Duke of Espernon to take Arms which he did and laid waste the Country about Montauban Many smart engagements there were with great loss of men on the side of the besieged who made a vigorous resistance Many lamentable objects were every where to be seen from Picqueros 〈◊〉 place famous for having been the King's quâ—rter during the siege of Montauban and from whence the whole Plain betwixt the Rivers Tarn and Vairan lay open to the view so soon as the obscurity of the night gave colour to the fire that had been kindled by day one might have seen a thousand fires at once the Corn Fruit-trees Vines and houses were the aliments that nourished this flame Soubize in the mean time endeavours to divert the Duke from his enterprize by Landing three thousand five hundred Foot and some few Horse in the lower Gascony in the Country of Medoc This little Country which is almost all the Duke's environs a great part of the Metropolis of Burdeaux extending it self to the very Gates of the City but Soubize was shamefully repulsed his Forces routed the few that escaped the Victors hands with much ado recovered their Ships leaving their dead their Arms Artillery and Baggage as infallible testimonies of a total defeat About the year 1623. the famous Book of Cardinal Du Perron against King James of famous memory came forth That Book was extolled by the Romanists with great brags and praises His Majesty being especially interessed and provoked by that Book was pleased to recommend the confutation of it to his old Champion Dr. Du Moulin who undertook it upon his Majesties Command And that he might attend that work with more help and leisure his Majesty invited him to come into England And together being moved with compassion by the adversities the Doctor had suffered for his sake he offered him a refuge in England promising to take care of him and to employ him in one of his Universities He accepted that Royal favour He set out of Sedan in March 1624. and went to Bruxels and Antwerp and so to Holland whence after some daies stay at the Hague with his worthy Brother in law Doctor Rivet he took Shipping for England He was graciously received by his Majesty God visited him with a grievous sickness by an heavy oppression in his Hypochondries with an inflammation of black choler which seldom let him sleep and kept him in perpetual agony Yet even then he spent much time in his great work against Cardinal Du Perron and preached often in the French Church In the depth of his pain and anguish he was beyond measure afflicted with the persecutions that ruined the Churches of France and the divisions then increasing in the Churches of England There was at London at that time the Marquess d'Effiat See the Life of Dr. Du Moulin extraordinary Ambassadour of France a zealous Papist who upon a false information of Fisher and other Jesuites that were about him that Doctor Du Moulin by his long watchings and other melancholy fumes was decayed in his Intellectuals did malitiously invite him to his house to engage him in a Conference and insult over his weakness After dinner the Ambassadour desired him to hear a Scottish man who would tell him the reasons that made him leave the Protestant Religion to embrace the Catholick The Scottish man then assisted by Fisher and others of his sort made an elaborate Discourse half an hour long of the Church of St. Peter's Primacy of succession of Chairs and the like When he had done the Doctor resumed all his points and allegations in the same order and answered them with his ordinary vigour and presence of wit And because the principal matter in question was about the Marks of the true Church he maintained that the Profession of the true Doctrine was the Mark of the true Church and thence took occasion to lay open the foulness of the errors of Popery with so much pregnancy that the Ambassadour a Cholerick man rose from his seat in great fury and gave many foul words to the Doctor who thereupon went out and returned home But the Ambassadour sent his Coach to him the next day and invited him to dinner And after dinner the Scottish man spake again of the same points and when the Doctor in his answer had turned his Dispute against the grossest errours of Popery incompatible with the true Church Fisher would have taken the Scottish man's part but the Ambassadour's passion gave him no time to answer but broke vehemently out saying that he could hear no longer that one should revile before him the Catholick Religion and maintain to him that he did wilfully damn himself his Wife and his Children Then the Doctor went out of his house Soon after King James fell sick of the Sickness whereof he died That death of his Royal Patron and the Plague raging in London soon perswaded the Doctor to return to Sedan The labour of the journey and the intolerable heat of the season increased his sickness which to heal the Physitians of Sedan made him drink Spaw-waters which were broâ—ght to him from Spaw to Sedan These waters brought him to a most violent Feaver and the Feaver consumed all those humours and winds that opprest him and left him in health So he returned to his former Function in the Church and University serving God with chearfulness and assiduity and blessed with great success He lived at Sedan thirty and three years from his return into England unto his death without any notable change in his condition but one of publick concernment by the miserable change of the Duke of Bovillon That Duke being Prince of Sedan the Protectour of a flourishing Protestant Church and the refuge of many oppressed Protestants in France was perverted by falling in
had held it divers months the Grison Colonels and Captains laying claim to much money and others who were destined to have the Government claiming the restitution of the Valtoline according to promise they mutiny'd and betaking themselves to Arms throughout all Rhetia they secured the Duke of Rohan in the Fort of Maynfelt and enforced the French to forsake them and to return to their own King's dominions Then the Grisons entred into this Valley and recovered their liberty Rohan not being able to escape from Coira whither he was brought from Maynfelt as an Hostage remained there until such time as his men were gone out of Rhetia The dâ—ath of the Duke of Rohan Afterward Duke Rohan wounded in the Battel of Rinfield dieth He was a Duke and Peer of France being bred up in the Wars under King Henry IV. he attained to such experience as following the opinion and Party of the Protestants he was by them chosen to be their General in which charge he alwaies stoutly behaved himself till such time as he got his Pardon from King Lewes XIII Of a civil and courteous deportment to all persons of a sharp wit wary in his proceedings and in his Counsels well advised He was free from pride and ambition Noble in his expenses contemning an increase of wealth and riches He died to the great grief of Duke Weimar and all the other Commanders and of all the Protestants In the year 1637. Francis Cupif a Doctor of Sorbon was converted to the Reformed Religion whereupon the faculty of Theology pronounced this rigid decree against him Howel's Hist of Lewes XIII It is very properly and with great reason that the Apostle ranks Heresies among Crimes and carnal sins because we often perceive that by a secret judgement of God those use to fall and tumble into them who swelling with the vanity and confidence of their own sense or walking according to the flesh suffer not themselves to be led by the spirit of God nor believe that they are tyed to any rule but they taste nothing but what pleaseth man as he is a sensitive Animal Whereof Francis Cupif of Anger 's whom the sacred Faculty had nourished before in her bosom and at last unhappily received into the number of her Doctors to the great scandal of all good men and the applause of the enemies of the Cross of Christ hath lately given an horrid and most deplorable example For according to the honour that was conferred upon him in our School not minding the law he had received from so good a Mother which might have drawn down upon his head all graces from God and men and having quite forgot the Oath he had made so oft and whereunto according to ancient institution all new Graduates and all such who are promoted to the degree of Doctorships are solemnly obliged He is miserably fallen said they from the holy Catholick Church whereby he hath drawn upon himself the loss of his soul before God shame and infamy before men and malediction from all parts This imprudent Son is become the grief and sadness of his Mother then when by a perfidious prevarication abjuring the true Doctrine he hath most impudently turn'd Heretick giving up his name to impiety and falshood But whence can it proceed that he should so easily fall into so fearful a precipice but from the natural presumption of his own judgement and from the ardour of unbridled pleasure c Whence it comes to pass that being blinded and walking continually according to his own covetousness having shaken off the sweet and light Yoak of Jesus Christ he is become a voluntary slave to Heresie which is the height of all sins It being therefore true that as the Christian Emperours said Whatsoever is attempted against Divine Religion becomes injurious to all with greater reason the Sacred Faculty of Theology hath believ'd That the wrong which is done Jesus Christ and to the Catholick Faith by this degenerate Child did concern her so far as to pronounce a grave Censure according to the atrocity of the Crime against such a notorious infamy and to separate him totally from Her and her Nursery though it be nothing at all to be fear'd that such Bastard Plants will take any deep roots Cursed be thou degenerate Child which goest on after thine own Counsel not according to mine which warpest a web but not by my direction which dost add sin to sin which goest down to Egypt and to the Synagogue of Satan and consultest not with me nor remembrest my Precepts Thou hast rejected my Discipline hoping for succour in the help of Calvin and his followers and hast confidence in the shadow of Egypt that is to say in the Conventicle of Hereticks but this imaginary strength shall become thy confusion and the confidence of this shadow which thou followest in despising the Body of the Orthodoxal Church shall turn to thy shame So Anathema was pronounced and publickly fix'd up against him The Queen of France was brought to bed of a Prince on September 5. 1638. at St. German de lay he was born in the twenty third year after the Marriage of the King and Queen The King upon news thereof threw himself upon his knees before a Crucifix and returned humble thanks and acknowledgements to God for his so great goodness toward him All France was full of jollity as they expressed by their voices gestures and actions Yea this gladness dispersed it self up and down all places of Christendom that were Friends to France and struck a kind of wonderment into the world In Rome there were divers inventions and curiosities found out to express a congratulation Before the French Ambassadour's Palace who was then the Marshal d'Estre there was a triumphant Obelisk with the Arms of France and this Ostentous Inscription underneath Ludovico XIII Christianissimo Galliarum Navarrae Regi Qui Pullulantem per avita regna Haereticum Hydram Petulantem in orbe Christiano novum Geryonem Herculeâ clavâ compressit Aras per impietatem eversas Principes per Tyrannidem oppressos Armatâ pietate restituit Aequissimi Herois Justitiae debito Delphino Inter aurealilia nascenti Inter paternos lâ—uros vagienti Futuro futurorum monstrorum Alcidi In afflictorum subsidium In Tyrannorum excidium In liliorum aeternum germen In Ecclesiae invictum columen E coelo in terris stupenda ratione demisso Plausus acclamationes Trophaea Futurae gloriae argumenta Praesentis laetitiae monumenta Attollit adjungit erigit Franciscus Hannibal Estraeus c. For publick arguments of joy Prisoners and Galley-slaves were released Two were ennobled in every Generalty throughout the Kingdom And four Masters were created in every Trade throughout France with divers other priviledges afforded to them of Paris In the year 1640. a great combustion happened in Catalonia which grew so furious that the Viceroy with his Wife and some of his Family were murthered and his house burned to the ground This tumult by
and banished should appear with such ardour in the defence of that interest that was the cause of his troubles and which is worse resolved never to re-admit him to the Dignities he had lost The King of France unwilling to let the constancy or generosit of de Retz with which he maintained the just priviledges of his Crown to go unrewarded he admitted him again into his favour which he enjoyes to this day if he be yet living but with some conditional limitations as retaining still in his mind the prejudice he did formerly to the Crown though he often declared that all his designs were against Mazarine Afterwards Carlo Roberti a Roman was created Nuntio and sent into France And though the gross of the quarrel forementioned was composed by the Treaty at Pisa yet there were certain reliques remaining that without good managing might have unravelled all again Therefore above all the Pope gave Roberti in charge that he should as much as in him lay redintegrate into the favour of his Majesty and the principal Officers in his Court the opinion that Chigi had lost in France and that he should endeavour to make them appear innocent and full of affection for that Crown Pope Alexander VII in his last promotion made him a Cardinal with the rest of the Nuntio's and sent him his Cap to Paris Before his Nuntiature into France this Prelate was much inclined to the Interest of Spain but when he began to be acquainted with the French Kings entertainment and the civility of the French Court he changed his mind and followed the humour of the French Afterwards certain Jesuites disobliged by some check which they had received in Paris about the Jesuite Anthony Sancterelli's Book de Haeresi Schismate Apostasia in which he spake to the disparagement of the power of Princes but magnified and exalted the power and Authority of the Pope fell publickly to maintain before the Kings face the question of the Infallibility and inpeccability of the Pope The French Divines thought themselves concern'd for the honour of the Crown and conservation of the antient priviledges of their Church to answer them with a most just and well-grounded Censure wherewith they rigorously condemned the doctrine of the Jesuites as too remote from the general opinion and of great prejudice to the Soveraignty of Princes Pope Alexander VII having notice of what passed testified to King Lewes his dislike of this proceeding The King recommending the examination of the matter to the wisdom of the Parliament of Paris they upon mature deliberation concluded that the Popes Infallibility was not to be admitted in France as being an innovation and inconsistent with the antient priviledge of the Gallican Church and therefore they saw no reason to admit a new opinion known only to such as depended on the Court of Rome and reject that which was of greater antiquity and had been owned by so many Popes Which determination so netled his Holiness that he fell immediately to his Bulls and with great threatning and curses forbad the Printing or reading of the abovesaid Censures Among other expressions in his Bull there were these Praefatas censuras uti praesumptuosas temerarias atque scandalosas It was very well known that those Censures were made by the Sorbonists Il Cardinalissimo the King 's principal Divines by the Parliament it self which is as much as to say by the King himself Notwithstanding the Pope spares not any revilings but throws forth peals of invectives indiscriminately as if from a Pope nothing is injurious This is the respect the Popes bear to the most Christian King and to such a State as France Lewes Duke of Vendosme a French man is descended from a Natural Son of King Henry IV. who Marrying with Frances of Lorrain Dutchess of Mercoeur had this Lewes by her He had no great enclination to the Ecclesiastical habit his mind running more after Matrimony and the affairs of the world Accordingly when he arrived at a competent Age he Married a Niece of Cardinal Mazarine's hoping by means of his favour to open a way to some honourable employment This Lady lived not many years with the Duke her Husband to whom she left two hopeful Sons This Lord being a Widdower changeth his mind being now altogether for the Ecclesiastical habit not in any penitential way but only to capacitate him for the Cardinalship which he alwaies aim'd at Finally the French King according to the Prerogative of his Crown being to nominate a person in the last promotion of Pope Alexander presented this as a person of great Merit and fit to be an Ornament both to the Cap and Colledge and the rather because in his Viceroyship in Catalonia and in his Government of Provence he had shewed great diligence in his Majesties service A few daies after he had received his Cap the tidings of the Popes languishing condition arrived so that with directions from the King he parted immediately for Rome to be present at the new Conclave where he met exactly with all the rest of the French Cardinals In the year 1667. Pope Alexander VII dieth and Clement IX succeedeth him The Election being made the Cardinal of Vendosm who in this Conclave had behaved himself with great prudence and perhaps more than was expected by the elder Cardinals that had been a long time acquainted with the Intrigues of the Conclaves prepared for his return into France but first he recommended to his Holiness the Interests of his Master particularly in the business of the discameration of Castro according to the Treaty at Pisa in which it was Articled that Castro should be delivered The Pope sent a Bull to Cardinal Vendosme declaring him Legate à Latere and thereby qualifying him for that Function Here followeth a Relation of the Present Estate of the Reformed Churches in France translated out of French and published Anno 1668. I Shall only in brief relate the proceedings of the Adverse party against them The first and most considerable Mean used against them by the Popish Clergy is that of Commissions For under pretext of executing the Edict of Nantes and the Decrees made in consequence thereof and providing against the breaches of the same they have engaged the King to send Commissioners into all Provinces For clearing whereof we must remember that Henry IV. of happy memory having found it convenient for the quiet of his Subjctes to make this Edict as a particular and irrevocable Law did send Commissioners into all the Provinces to execute the same and after those Commissioners had established all things in due form they returned their Executions into the hands of the King to serve as a Rule in all future debates which could arise on that subject These Commissioners although the Hugonots have usurped nothing since the first execution of the Edict but on the contrary have sustained innumerable losses have now altogether perverted the business for concealing the first execution of the Edict they have
Of Matrimony 9. Of extreme Unction 10. Of care to be had for the dead and of their Funerals and burials 11. Of the Relicks and Images of Saints 12. Of Indulgences 13. Of prohibited meats and a dispensation of them 14. Of Holy-daies and their veneration 15. Of Vows and Religious Pilgrimages Part 3. 1. Of Churches Chapels Altars and other things of like sort 2. Of Oratories scituate in the way 3. Of Schools and Fellowships of Christian Doctrine 4. Of Universities and Colledges 5. Of Seminaries of Clerks 6. Of Hospitals houses for Lepers and other pious places 7. Of confraternities and fellowships Part 4. 1. Of Excommunication 2. Of Ecclesiastical jurisdiction and the judicial Court of a Bishop 3. Of letting to hire or the Alienation of Benefices and Ecclesiastical things 4. Of Tenths and Oblations 5. Of Simony 6. Of Provisions and renouncing of Benefices 7. Of Residency 8. Of a Visitation 9. Of the right of Patronage 10. Of the holy Inquisition 11. Of prohibited Books 12. Of Hereticks Magicians Soothsaiers and Astrologers 13. Of Blasphemy 14. Of Usuries 15. Of pious Testaments and Legacies 16. Of exempt and priviledged persons 17. Of the things which generally belong to these Decrees The Admonitions of the Synod of the Clergy of France Assembled at Paris in the year 1595. and 1596. sent into the Provinces of France for restoring the state of the Church The Index of the Titles 1. DEs conciles Provinciaux concerning Provincial Councils 2. De la Vacance aux Prelatures of Vacancy to Bishopricks 3. Des Provisions abusives de ce temps of the abusive Provisions of Benefices 4. Of Simonies and Confidences 5. Des Syndies Diocesains of Diocesan Commissioners Then followeth Advis de l'Assemble'e du CLERGE de l'An 1598. envoye aux Provinces contre les Oeconomats spirituels constitutions des Pensions aux personnes seculiers sur les Benefices The Admonition of the Assembly of the Clergy of France at Paris Anno 1598. sent into the Provinces of France against spiritual Oeconomies and Pensions upon Benefices granted to Lay persons The Statutes of the Assembly of the Clergy of France at Paris Anno 1606. for the Administration of Ecclesiastical jurisdiction Then follow THe Decrees of the Provincial Council of Narbon Which are of the same nature with the Decrees of Divers of the former Councils This Council assembled Anno 1609. A Council Assembled at Aquens to censure a Book De Ecclesiastica Politica potestate of Ecclesiastical and Politick power Another Assembly of the Clergy of France met at Paris Anno 1615. for the reception of the Council of Trent A Provincial Council was congregated at Bourdeaux Anno 1624. in the month of September the Decrees whereof were of the same kind with some of the foregoing Councils There was also a General Council of the Clergy of France Assembled at Paris Anno 1625. Divers Propositions were collected out of a Book set forth in English Entitled Apologia pro modo procedendi Sanctae sedis Apostolicae in regendis Catholicis Anglie durante persecutionis tempore cum defensione Status Religiosi Auctore Daniele à Jesu Then followeth an Epistle of the Cardinals Archbishops and Bishops then acting at Paris to the Cardinals Archbishops and Bishops through France concerning the condemning of two Volumes to which these Titles are prefixed 1. Traictez des Droicts Libertez de l'Eglise Gallicane 2. Preuue des Libertez de l'Eglise Gallicane February 14. 1639. The first Council of the Province of Paris under Francis de Gondy the first Archbishop of Paris in the time of Pope Vrban VIII and King Lewes XIII was celebrated in the year 1640. against a Book entituled Optati Galli de cavendo schismate c. Whosoever shall desire to be satisfied fully concerning the French Cardinals I shall refer him to a Book entituled Gallia Purpurata Of the Universities of France Paris PAris the Metropolis is the first and most antient University of France Erasmus saith That Lutetia Academiarum omnium Regina Paris is the Queen of all Universities The Emperour Charles the Great instituted this famous University Having made a League with Archaius King of Scots he entreated that King to send unto him Professours of the Greek and Latin Tongues and of other Learning for his University of Paris Archaius sent unto him the forementioned Alcuinus or Albinus John Melrose so named from the Abbey Melrose Claudius Clemens and Anthony Florentius reckoneth them among Hereticks who followed the Greek Church because they opposed the Romish Rites The Kings of France have beautified this University from time to time with many sumptuous Edifices endowed it with many great Priviledges and Princely Revenues The principal Colledges are the Sorbonne and the Colledge of Navarre King Lewes IX by the Counsel of Robert of Sorbon which took his sirname as they say from the place of his Nativity his Almoner and Confessour erected a Colledge of Divines which retains the name of Sorbon Pope Clement IV. confirmed the foundation of this Colledge He that answereth there continueth from morning to night The Colledge of Navarre was founded by Joan Queen of France and Navarre Amo◠1304. She likewise enriched this Colledge with an excellent Library The greatest part of the young Princes Lords and Gentlemen in France are customarily nourished and instructed in this Colledge Peter de Alliaco Chancellour of Paris hath bestowed so much on this Colledge that he is esteemed as a second founder Poictiers Poictiers is an University especially for the Civil Law and a See Episcopal It was erected under Charles VII King of France and confirmed by Pope Eugenius IV. Scaliger in his Cities thus speaks of it Si studium est animae veniunt à corpore vires Galliaque à meritis poscit utrumque sibi Haec studiis aliae belli exercentur amore Pictavium est animus caetera corpus erunt John Capnion and Christophorus Longolius were Professours here Lions Lions is pleasantly seated on the confluence of the Soasne and the Rhosne anciently a Roman Colony testified by many old Inscriptions and honoured with a magnificent Temple dedicated by the Cities of France to Augustus Caesar now the most famous Mart of France and an University which is very ancient being a seat of Learning in the time of Caius Caligula For in those times before an Altar consecrated to Augustus Caesar in the Temple forementioned this Caligula did institute some Exercises of the Greek and Roman Eloquence the Victor to be honoured according to his merit c. The Archbishop hereof is the Metropolitan of all France Angiers In it is an University founded by Lewes the Second Duke of Anjou the Son of King John about the time that Rupertus Palsgrave of Rheine founded Heidelberg in Germany about the year 1346. It flourisheth in the Study of the Latine especially Henry Valois Brother to King Charles IX augmented the same He invited thither many very Learned Scholars among the which was Francis Baldwin who therein