the Catholick Church Then he appealeth to the testimony of Ambrose Augustine and Hierome who never taught the Doctrine of Transubstantiation He writeth also that the very Flesh and Blood of Christ was given unto the Apostles at the first Institution and are still given unto faithful Communicants Adelman enlarged much on this subject What answer Berengarius did return to him we find not But he wrote an Epistle to Lanfrank declaring the abuses of the Sacrament and commending the Book of John Scotus upon that question Occolampad Epist l. 3. And he wrote expresly that the Body of Christ is not in the Sacrament but as in a sign figure or mystery He spake also in his Preachings against the Romish Church in the Doctrine of Marriage and necessity of Baptism And Bellarmine witnesseth that Berengarius called the Church of Rome the malignant Church the Council of vanity and the seat of Satan and he called the Pope not Pontificem vel Episcopum sed pompificem Pulpificem It happened that Lanfrank was not at home and the Convent opened the Letter of Berengarius and sent it with a Clerk of Rhemes unto Pope Leo IX The Pope summoned a Synod at Verceles Berengarius was advised not to go himself to the Synod but send some Clerks in his name to answer for him The two Clerks were clapt in Prison Scotus was condemned 200 years after his death and the Doctrine of Berengarius was condemned yet nothing done against his Person at that time because many favoured him Lanfrank pleaded for him but he was commanded by the Pope to answer him under no less pain than to be reputed as great an Heretick as he Petries Ch. Hist Cent. 11. Lanfrank following the sway of the World for afterwards he was made Arch-Bishop of Canterbury by Willliam the Conquerour performed the charge Guitmund Bishop of Aversa wrote more bitterly and less truly against Berengarius Nevertheless Berengarius abode constant and was in great esteem both with the Nobility and People And therefore Pope Victor the second gave direction to the Bishops of France to take order with him The Pope's Ambassadours were present at the Council and Berengarius answered that he adhered to no particular opinion of his own but he followed the common Doctrine of the Universal Church that is saith he as the Fathers Primitive Church and Scriptures have taught This gentle answer mitigated the fury of his Adversaries yet he persisted in his own opinion and for this cause Lanfrank objected against him that he deluded the Council of Tours with general and doubtful words Du. Moul. Contr Perron li. 1. Afterwards Pope Nicholas the second hearing that he was honoured of many assembled a great Council against him at Rome of 113 Bishops where it was declared and pronounced That the Bread and Wine which is put upon the Altar after the Consecration is not only the Sacrament but also the true Body of our Lord Jesus Christ And that not only the Sacrament but the Body of the Lord is * It seems they meant sensibly sensually and in truth handled by the hands of the Priest broken and bruised by the teeth of the faithful When Berengarius with many Arguments defended that the Sacrament to speak properly was the figure of Christ 's body and Cardinal Albericus who was nominated to dispute against him could not by voice resist him Sigon de reg Ital li. 9. and neither of the two would yield unto the other Alhericus sought the space of seven days to answer in writing And at last when disputation could not prevail against him he was commanded to recant or else he must expect to be burnt They prescribed to him a form of Recantation of his errour as they called it Gratian de consecrat dist 2. The Recantation was penned by Cardinal Humbert and is registred by Gratian. Nevertheless the words of the Recantation are far from Transubstantiation These are the words so far as they concern our present purpose Massons Annal. Franc. li. 3. faithfully translated I Berengarius do consent to the Apostolick and Roman See and with my Mouth and Heart confess that the Bread and Wine laid on the Altar after the Consecration are not only the Sacrament but the very body and blood of our Lord Jesus and sensibly not only in Sacrament but in truth are handled with the hands of the Priest broken and chewed with the hands and Teeth of the faithful John Semeca the Glossator of the Decrees expresly condemneth the words of this Recantation and saith If thou understandest not the words of Berengarius soundly thou shalt fall into a greater Heresie than he did for we break not Christ 's body into pieces nisi in speciebus Usser de success Eccles Berengarius returning home returned also to his former Doctrine and wrote in defence of it Some have written that Berengarius denyed the Baptism of Infants But Arch-Bishop Vsher saith that in so many Synods held against him we never find any such thing laid to his charge Illyricus gives this Character of him Tempore Leonis noni circa 1049. Berengarius Vir pietate eruditione Clarus Andegavensis Ecclesiae Diaconus quum videret Pontificios Doctores quam plurimos ingenti fastu Transubstantiationis fundamenta sternere quod mentem Augustini aliorum Veterum non intelligerent Vid. Thevet vies des hommes Illustres li. 3. sed Sacramentales Hyperbolicas nonnullas locutiones ad novum sensum inducendum detorquerent veram sententiam ex Orthodoxo consensu repetitam his corruptelis opposuit verbo Dei Testimoniisque Veterum Theologorum refellere conatus est scriptis etiam evulgatis libris ut pii in vera Doctrinâ confirmarentur Catal. Test Verit. lib. 22. Berengarius dyed holding his first Doctrine at Tours in the Isle of St. Cosina and was buried at St. Martins where his Tomb was reared and Hildebert Bishop of Caenoman and then of Tours and made his Epitaph which William of Malmesbury hath set down And this is a part of it Quem modò miratur semper mirabitur orbis Ille Berengarius non obiturus obit Guil. Malmsb. de Gest Anglor li. 3. Quem sacrae fidei vestigia summa tenentem Huic jam quinta dies abstulit ausa nefas Illa dies damnosa dies perfida mundo Quâ dolor rerum summa ruina fuit Quâ Status Ecclesiae quâ spes quâ gloria Cleri Quâ cultor juris jure ruente ruit Post obitum secum vivam precor ac requiescam Nec fiat melior sors mea sorte suâ Platina calleth Berengarius famous for learning and holiness He was a great friend to learning Platin. in vit Joann 15. and bred many Students of Divinity at his proper charge and by means of them his Doctrine was sowed through all France and the Countries adjacent This was matter unto his adversaries to envy him the more Albeit he did waver as
and knees made with continual praying valiant also and excellently well seen in martial affairs After the death of Arnulph Patriarch of Jerusalem Guarimond born in France succeeded him About this time the two great orders of Templers and Teutonicks appeared in the World The former under Hugh de Paganis and Ganfred of St. Omer their first Founders They agreed in profession with the Hospitallers and performed it alike vowing poverty chastity and obedience and to defend Pilgrims coming to the Sepulchre It is falsly fathered on St. Bernard that he appointed them their rule who prescribeth not what they should do but only describeth what they did At the same time began the Teutonick Order consisting only of Dutch-men well descended living at Jerusalem in an house which one of that Nation bequeathed to his Country-men that came thither on Pilgrimage King Baldwin was afterwards taken prisoner and Eustace Grenier chosen Vice-Roy while the King was in durance stoutly defended the Countrey Baldwin a little before his death renounced the World and took on him a religious habit He dyed not long after viz. in the thirteenth year of his Reign and was buried with his predecessours in the Temple of the Sepulchre Fulco Earl of Tours Mam and Anjou coming some three years before on Pilgrimage to Jerusalem there married the King 's Daughter he was chosen the fourth King of Jerusalem He was well nigh 60 years old By his first Wife he had a Son Geoffery of Plantagenet Earl of Anjou to whom he left his Lands in France and from whom our Kings of England are descended Fulco having reigned eleven years with much care and industry Tyrius lib. 15. ca. ult was slain as he followed his sport in hunting Thomas Fuller brings him in thus speaking his Epitaph A Hare I hunted and Death hunted me The more my speed was was the worse my speed Fuller's holy War lib. 2. For as well-mounted I away did flee Death caught and kill'd me falling from my Steed Yet this mishap an happy miss I count That fell from Horse that I to Heaven might mount Baldwin the third succeeded his Father He was well learned especially in History liberal witty and facetious His mother Millesent continued a Widow and as for Children's-sake she married once so for her Children's-sake she married no more St. Bernard and she often conversed together by Letters He extolled her single Life This St. Bernard Abbot of Clarevaux or Clareval was famous in that time He often complains of the defection of the Church He sharply rebuked the vitious lives of Bishops and Abbots Yea he did not spare the Popes Bern. Ep. 42. as appeareth partly by what he wrote unto Pope Eugenius and unto Innocent the second And for his liberty in speaking against the errours of his time Epist 178. Apolog ad Willerm Abbat he was reproached so that he was constrained to publish Apologies where he saith that they called him the most miserable of Men one who presumed to judge the World and by the shadow of his baseness insult over the lights of the World And he saith there that he was like to be killed every day and was judged as a sheep for the slaughter yet nevertheless he was not afraid to speak of their vices because said he melius est ut scandalum oriatur quam veritas relinquatur It is better that a scandal should arise than truth should be relinquished Who at the beginning when the order of Monks began saith he could think that Monks would become so naughty Oh how unlike are we to those in the days of Anthony did Macarius live in such a manner did Basil teach so did Anthony ordain so did the Fathers in Egypt carry themselves so how is the light of the World become darkness how is the salt of the Earth become unsavoury I am a Lyar saith he if I have not seen an Abbot having above sixty horses in his train when ye saw them riding ye might say These were not Fathers of Monasteries but Lords of Castles not feeders of Souls bur Princes of Provinces They have carried after them their Table-Cloths Cups Basons Candlesticks and Portmantua's stuffed not with straw but ornaments of Beds scarce will any of them go four miles from his house but he must have all things with him as if he were going into a leaguer or through a Wilderness where necessaries could not be had O vanity of vanities the Walls of Churches are glorious and poor folks are in necessity Yet may it be said that Bernard was a follower of the Popes I answer yes he gave them all the Titles that others gave them but see what blows he gave them as appeareth by what he wrote to Innocentius and Eugenius he lays on them the blame of all the wickedness in the Church In rites he was carried with the sway of the times but his Doctrine was far different from the Tenets of the Church of Rome In one of his Epistles he writes thus Bern. Epist 91. ad Abbates Suess Congreg I would be in that Council where the Traditions of Men are not obstinately defended nor superstitiously observed but where they search diligently and humbly what is the good perfect and acceptable will of God thither am I carried with all my desire and there would I abide devoutly In Tract de praecept Dispens And elsewhere he saith many things were devised and ordained not because they might not be otherwise but because it was so expedient and certainly but for conserving charity therefore so long as the things do serve charity let them stand without change nor can they be changed without offence no not by the Rulers But contrarily if they be contrary unto charity in the judgement of such only unto whom it is granted to oversee is it not clearly most just that what things were devised for charity should also be omitted or intermitted for charity when it is so expedient or at least that they be changed to another thing more expedient as on the other side certainly it were unjust if these things that were ordained for charity be held against charity Let them therefore hold fast that which is immoveable The same Bernard informs us Bern. de consider ad Eugenium li. 3. that then was held a Council at Rhemes wherein the Pope was president And saith he Brethren I tell you of another Synod where the Lord God will sit in Judgement where we must all stand and there will God judge all the World Here on earth unrighteousness is shut up in a bag but in that Judgement God will judge righteously and there we must all appear whether he be a Pope or a Cardinal or an Arch-Bishop or a Bishop or poor or rich or learned or unlearned that every one may receive according to what he hath done in the body whether good or ill Moreover he said unto the Council that the Imposthume was spread through all the body of the
to the Duke The peace that had been concluded before Montpelier in the year 1622. Vid. The Histâ—ry of the life of the Duke of Espernon part 3. had hitherto continued the affairs of the Kingdom in some repose and although those of the Reformed Religion expressed some dispositions to a new Commotion there was as yet no manifest breach Soubize by an attempt made upon the King 's Shipping at Blavet made the first breach All the rest of the party broke into Arms at the same time and the Duke of Rohan who had long been known to be the Head of that party stirred them into insurrection A promptitude in his Partizans so much the more to be wondered at as he commanded a sort of people whose obedience was only voluntary Montauban was one of the Cities not only of Guienne but also of the whole Kingdom that engaged the deepest in this revolt the Inhabitants whereof by having had a siege raised from before their Walls and by having baffled a Royal Army even when animated by the presence of the King himself began to think themselves invincible and their City a place not to be taken The King therefore sent order to the Duke of Espernon to take Arms which he did and laid waste the Country about Montauban Many smart engagements there were with great loss of men on the side of the besieged who made a vigorous resistance Many lamentable objects were every where to be seen from Picqueros 〈◊〉 place famous for having been the King's quâ—rter during the siege of Montauban and from whence the whole Plain betwixt the Rivers Tarn and Vairan lay open to the view so soon as the obscurity of the night gave colour to the fire that had been kindled by day one might have seen a thousand fires at once the Corn Fruit-trees Vines and houses were the aliments that nourished this flame Soubize in the mean time endeavours to divert the Duke from his enterprize by Landing three thousand five hundred Foot and some few Horse in the lower Gascony in the Country of Medoc This little Country which is almost all the Duke's environs a great part of the Metropolis of Burdeaux extending it self to the very Gates of the City but Soubize was shamefully repulsed his Forces routed the few that escaped the Victors hands with much ado recovered their Ships leaving their dead their Arms Artillery and Baggage as infallible testimonies of a total defeat About the year 1623. the famous Book of Cardinal Du Perron against King James of famous memory came forth That Book was extolled by the Romanists with great brags and praises His Majesty being especially interessed and provoked by that Book was pleased to recommend the confutation of it to his old Champion Dr. Du Moulin who undertook it upon his Majesties Command And that he might attend that work with more help and leisure his Majesty invited him to come into England And together being moved with compassion by the adversities the Doctor had suffered for his sake he offered him a refuge in England promising to take care of him and to employ him in one of his Universities He accepted that Royal favour He set out of Sedan in March 1624. and went to Bruxels and Antwerp and so to Holland whence after some daies stay at the Hague with his worthy Brother in law Doctor Rivet he took Shipping for England He was graciously received by his Majesty God visited him with a grievous sickness by an heavy oppression in his Hypochondries with an inflammation of black choler which seldom let him sleep and kept him in perpetual agony Yet even then he spent much time in his great work against Cardinal Du Perron and preached often in the French Church In the depth of his pain and anguish he was beyond measure afflicted with the persecutions that ruined the Churches of France and the divisions then increasing in the Churches of England There was at London at that time the Marquess d'Effiat See the Life of Dr. Du Moulin extraordinary Ambassadour of France a zealous Papist who upon a false information of Fisher and other Jesuites that were about him that Doctor Du Moulin by his long watchings and other melancholy fumes was decayed in his Intellectuals did malitiously invite him to his house to engage him in a Conference and insult over his weakness After dinner the Ambassadour desired him to hear a Scottish man who would tell him the reasons that made him leave the Protestant Religion to embrace the Catholick The Scottish man then assisted by Fisher and others of his sort made an elaborate Discourse half an hour long of the Church of St. Peter's Primacy of succession of Chairs and the like When he had done the Doctor resumed all his points and allegations in the same order and answered them with his ordinary vigour and presence of wit And because the principal matter in question was about the Marks of the true Church he maintained that the Profession of the true Doctrine was the Mark of the true Church and thence took occasion to lay open the foulness of the errors of Popery with so much pregnancy that the Ambassadour a Cholerick man rose from his seat in great fury and gave many foul words to the Doctor who thereupon went out and returned home But the Ambassadour sent his Coach to him the next day and invited him to dinner And after dinner the Scottish man spake again of the same points and when the Doctor in his answer had turned his Dispute against the grossest errours of Popery incompatible with the true Church Fisher would have taken the Scottish man's part but the Ambassadour's passion gave him no time to answer but broke vehemently out saying that he could hear no longer that one should revile before him the Catholick Religion and maintain to him that he did wilfully damn himself his Wife and his Children Then the Doctor went out of his house Soon after King James fell sick of the Sickness whereof he died That death of his Royal Patron and the Plague raging in London soon perswaded the Doctor to return to Sedan The labour of the journey and the intolerable heat of the season increased his sickness which to heal the Physitians of Sedan made him drink Spaw-waters which were broâ—ght to him from Spaw to Sedan These waters brought him to a most violent Feaver and the Feaver consumed all those humours and winds that opprest him and left him in health So he returned to his former Function in the Church and University serving God with chearfulness and assiduity and blessed with great success He lived at Sedan thirty and three years from his return into England unto his death without any notable change in his condition but one of publick concernment by the miserable change of the Duke of Bovillon That Duke being Prince of Sedan the Protectour of a flourishing Protestant Church and the refuge of many oppressed Protestants in France was perverted by falling in
had held it divers months the Grison Colonels and Captains laying claim to much money and others who were destined to have the Government claiming the restitution of the Valtoline according to promise they mutiny'd and betaking themselves to Arms throughout all Rhetia they secured the Duke of Rohan in the Fort of Maynfelt and enforced the French to forsake them and to return to their own King's dominions Then the Grisons entred into this Valley and recovered their liberty Rohan not being able to escape from Coira whither he was brought from Maynfelt as an Hostage remained there until such time as his men were gone out of Rhetia The dâ—ath of the Duke of Rohan Afterward Duke Rohan wounded in the Battel of Rinfield dieth He was a Duke and Peer of France being bred up in the Wars under King Henry IV. he attained to such experience as following the opinion and Party of the Protestants he was by them chosen to be their General in which charge he alwaies stoutly behaved himself till such time as he got his Pardon from King Lewes XIII Of a civil and courteous deportment to all persons of a sharp wit wary in his proceedings and in his Counsels well advised He was free from pride and ambition Noble in his expenses contemning an increase of wealth and riches He died to the great grief of Duke Weimar and all the other Commanders and of all the Protestants In the year 1637. Francis Cupif a Doctor of Sorbon was converted to the Reformed Religion whereupon the faculty of Theology pronounced this rigid decree against him Howel's Hist of Lewes XIII It is very properly and with great reason that the Apostle ranks Heresies among Crimes and carnal sins because we often perceive that by a secret judgement of God those use to fall and tumble into them who swelling with the vanity and confidence of their own sense or walking according to the flesh suffer not themselves to be led by the spirit of God nor believe that they are tyed to any rule but they taste nothing but what pleaseth man as he is a sensitive Animal Whereof Francis Cupif of Anger 's whom the sacred Faculty had nourished before in her bosom and at last unhappily received into the number of her Doctors to the great scandal of all good men and the applause of the enemies of the Cross of Christ hath lately given an horrid and most deplorable example For according to the honour that was conferred upon him in our School not minding the law he had received from so good a Mother which might have drawn down upon his head all graces from God and men and having quite forgot the Oath he had made so oft and whereunto according to ancient institution all new Graduates and all such who are promoted to the degree of Doctorships are solemnly obliged He is miserably fallen said they from the holy Catholick Church whereby he hath drawn upon himself the loss of his soul before God shame and infamy before men and malediction from all parts This imprudent Son is become the grief and sadness of his Mother then when by a perfidious prevarication abjuring the true Doctrine he hath most impudently turn'd Heretick giving up his name to impiety and falshood But whence can it proceed that he should so easily fall into so fearful a precipice but from the natural presumption of his own judgement and from the ardour of unbridled pleasure c Whence it comes to pass that being blinded and walking continually according to his own covetousness having shaken off the sweet and light Yoak of Jesus Christ he is become a voluntary slave to Heresie which is the height of all sins It being therefore true that as the Christian Emperours said Whatsoever is attempted against Divine Religion becomes injurious to all with greater reason the Sacred Faculty of Theology hath believ'd That the wrong which is done Jesus Christ and to the Catholick Faith by this degenerate Child did concern her so far as to pronounce a grave Censure according to the atrocity of the Crime against such a notorious infamy and to separate him totally from Her and her Nursery though it be nothing at all to be fear'd that such Bastard Plants will take any deep roots Cursed be thou degenerate Child which goest on after thine own Counsel not according to mine which warpest a web but not by my direction which dost add sin to sin which goest down to Egypt and to the Synagogue of Satan and consultest not with me nor remembrest my Precepts Thou hast rejected my Discipline hoping for succour in the help of Calvin and his followers and hast confidence in the shadow of Egypt that is to say in the Conventicle of Hereticks but this imaginary strength shall become thy confusion and the confidence of this shadow which thou followest in despising the Body of the Orthodoxal Church shall turn to thy shame So Anathema was pronounced and publickly fix'd up against him The Queen of France was brought to bed of a Prince on September 5. 1638. at St. German de lay he was born in the twenty third year after the Marriage of the King and Queen The King upon news thereof threw himself upon his knees before a Crucifix and returned humble thanks and acknowledgements to God for his so great goodness toward him All France was full of jollity as they expressed by their voices gestures and actions Yea this gladness dispersed it self up and down all places of Christendom that were Friends to France and struck a kind of wonderment into the world In Rome there were divers inventions and curiosities found out to express a congratulation Before the French Ambassadour's Palace who was then the Marshal d'Estre there was a triumphant Obelisk with the Arms of France and this Ostentous Inscription underneath Ludovico XIII Christianissimo Galliarum Navarrae Regi Qui Pullulantem per avita regna Haereticum Hydram Petulantem in orbe Christiano novum Geryonem Herculeâ clavâ compressit Aras per impietatem eversas Principes per Tyrannidem oppressos Armatâ pietate restituit Aequissimi Herois Justitiae debito Delphino Inter aurealilia nascenti Inter paternos lâ—uros vagienti Futuro futurorum monstrorum Alcidi In afflictorum subsidium In Tyrannorum excidium In liliorum aeternum germen In Ecclesiae invictum columen E coelo in terris stupenda ratione demisso Plausus acclamationes Trophaea Futurae gloriae argumenta Praesentis laetitiae monumenta Attollit adjungit erigit Franciscus Hannibal Estraeus c. For publick arguments of joy Prisoners and Galley-slaves were released Two were ennobled in every Generalty throughout the Kingdom And four Masters were created in every Trade throughout France with divers other priviledges afforded to them of Paris In the year 1640. a great combustion happened in Catalonia which grew so furious that the Viceroy with his Wife and some of his Family were murthered and his house burned to the ground This tumult by
the Bishop of Nicopolis and condemned to be burnt quick which Death he suffered January 12. 1525. with that constancy that not only many ignorant people were thereby drawn to the knowledge of the truth but also multitudes which had tasted thereof in some measure already were greatly confirmed by his constancy in his Death Then Wolfgangus Schuch coming to a certain Town in Lorrain called St. Hippolitus and being received in the Town for their Pastor laboured by all means to root out of the hearts of the people Idolatry and superstition Hereupon Duke Anthony Prince of Lorrain threatens the Town of St. Hippolitus Wolfgangus humbly wrote to the Duke in defence both of his Doctrine and Ministry and of the whole cause of the Gospel and having confuted the Fryars in disputation he was condemned to be burnt Shortly after his death the Commendator of St. Anthony of Vienna who sate as spiritual Judge over him and gave sentence of his condemnation fell down suddenly and dyed In like manner his Fellow which was Abbot of Clarilocus suddenly at the coming of the Dutchess of Denmark into the City of Nancy being stricken with sudden fear at the noise of Guns fell down and dyed In the beginning of the year 1525. was the Battle of Pavia where Francis I. the French King was taken Prisoner and carried to Madrid in Spain but after many Months confinement he is enlarged and returneth into France The Pope understanding the King was set at Liberty sent to congratulate with him and to make a confederation against the Emperour Hist Concil Trid. li 1. The which being ratified in Cugvac May 22. 1526. between Him that King and the Princes of Italy under the name of the most Holy League the Pope absolveth the French King from the Oath taken in Spain for the observation of the things agreed upon Now followeth a Table of French Martyrs Fox Act and Monum 1. JAmes Pavane Schoolmaster at Paris Anno 1524. being first taken by the Bishop of Meaux was compelled by Dr. Martial to recant Afterwards returning again to his confession he was burnt at Paris Anno 1525. 2. Dionysius de Rieux at Melda or Meaux was burned at Melda for saying that the Mass is a plain denyal of the Death and Passion of Christ Anno 1528. He had often in his mouth these words of Christ He that denyeth me before Men him will I also deny before my Father 3. Joannes de Cadurco Batchellour of the Civil Law for making an exhortation to his Countrey-men of Limosin was accused taken degraded and burnt 4. John Burges Merchant the receiver of Nantes Bartholomew Mylen a lame Cripple Henry Poille of Couberon Catella a School-Mistress Stephen de la Fogge Merchant were condemned and burned in Paris Anno 1533. Henry of Couberon had his Tongue bored through and with an Iron wire tyed fast to one of his cheeks and so was burned with the other as is aforesaid 5. Alexander Canus a Priest for the confession of the true Religion was also burnt at Paris Anno 1533. 6. John Pointer a Chyrurgeon because he would not do homage to a certain Idol at the commandment of a Fryar that came to confess him his Tongue was cut off and then he was burned at Paris 7. Peter Gaudet a Knight sometime of Rhodes after long torments was burnt for the defence of the Gospel Anno 1533. 8 Quoquillard was burnt for the Testimony of Christ's Gospel at Bizanson in Burgundy Anno 1534. 9. Nicholas Scrivener John de Poix Stephen Burlet were burnt on the same account in the City of Arras Anno 1534. 10. Mary Becaudella was burnt at Fountains for finding fault with the Doctrine of a Grey Fryar in the City of Rochel Anno 1534. 11. John Cornon an Husband-man of Mascon one of such wisdom that he confounded his Judges was condemned by them and burnt Anno 1535. 12. Martin Gonin in Daulphinè being taken for a Spie in the Borders of France towards the Alpes was committed to prison In his going out his Gaoler espyed about him Letters of Farellus and Viret Wherefore being examined of the King's procurator and the Inquisitor touching his Faith after he had rendred a sufficient reason thereof he was cast into the River and drowned 13 Claudius Painter a Goldsmith at Paris going about to convert his Kinsfolks was by the Parliament of Paris condemned to have his Tongue to be cut out and then to be burned Anno 1540. 14. Stephen Brune an Husbandman at Rutiers was condemned to be burnt at Planvol Anno 1540. where the wind arose and blew the fire so from him as he stood exhorting the people that he there continued an hour in a manner unharmed so that all the Wood being consumed they renewed the fire with other Faggots and Vessels of Oyl and yet could he not with all this be burned but stood safe Then the Hangman with his pike thrust him through the belly and the guts and so threw him down into the fire and burnt his body to Ashes throwing away his Ashes afterwards into the Wind. 15. Constantine a Citizen of Rhoan with four others were condemned to be burnt and put in a Dung-cart who rejoyced that they were reputed as excrements of this world but yet their death was a sweet odour unto God Anno 1542. 16. John du Beck Priest for the Doctrine of the Gospel was degraded and burnt at Troyes in Champagne Anno 1543. 17. Aimond de Lavoy a preacher of the Gospel in Anjou after nine months imprisonment at Bourdeaux being put to cruel torments he was first strangled whose body was afterwards consumed with fire 18. Francis Bribard Secretary to Cardinal Bellay was also burnt for the defence of the Gospel his Tongue being first cut out Anno 1544. 19. William Husson an Apothecary for scattering Books concerning Christian Doctrine and the abuse of humane Traditions had his Tongue cut out and was afterwards burnt at Rhoan Delanda a Carmelite Fryar one of his persecutors was afterwards converted and preached the Gospel Anno 1544. 20. James Cobard a School-master in the City of St. Michael in Lorrain was burnt for the Truth Anno 1544. 21. Peter Clerk Brother to John Clerk aforementioned and 14. more who dwelt at Melda were burnt Anno 1546. 22. Peter Chapot was strangled and burnt at Paris Saintinus Nivet and Stephen Polliot were also burned at Paris Anno 1546. 23. John English was burnt at Sens in Burgundy being condemned by the high Court of Paris Anno 1547. 24. Michael Michelot was burnt at Warden by Tourney Anno 1547. 25. Leonard de Prato going from Diion to Bar in Burgundy with two false Brethren and talking about Religion with them was bewrayed of them and afterwards was burnt Anno 1547. 26. John Taffington Joan his Wife Simon Mareschal Joan his Wife William Michaut James Boulerau James Bretany These seven being of the City of Langres for the word of Christ were committed to the fire who dyed comfortably Anno
the Heretical and forbidden Books The King was informed of their shifts and of that Letter Wherefore he ordereth the Bishop to require them again After divers exhortations to this purpose they send fifteen places which they had marked The Bishop conferreth with their Deputy Gagneius upon these Instances and writes a large Letter unto them commending the Annotations and shewing what course they should observe in their censure They were the more enraged at that commendation and would not go on in their censure but would have the Book to be condemned which they had declared Heretical Then the King sent his Letters Patent and sealed charging them to proceed in their censure and to deliver it unto his Printer They do still refuse and at that time King Francis dyeth viz. on March 31. Anno 1547. His Son King Henry II. who succeeded him sendeth the like charge unto them on August 16. 1547 They return Answer that they shall perfect their censure before November 1. But then in place of the censure they send a supplication craving that the Books may be forbidden because he is a Sacramentarian and had written that mens Souls are mortal The Printer is informed of it and addresseth himself to answer before King and Council Then they return unto Paris But he shews how false their calumnies were At that time they sent unto the King forty six Articles which they had collected It was told unto their Deputies that they had spoken of some thousands of Errours and were these all turned to forty six They answered the University had more but had not as yet put them in form The Printer returns to Paris chiding some of the Divines for accusing him falsly The Printer craves of the King protection from the malice of his Enemies The King grants it under his Seal This storm being over he gathereth fifteen old Manuscripts of the new Testament in Greek and printeth it with the divers lections on the Margin and gives the first copy unto Castellan The Pope sends into France Jerome Boccaferrius a Roman Cardinal of St. George in shew to condole with the King for the death of his Father and to give him joy of the beginning of his Kingdom but with commission to make confederation with him The Pope gave the Legate most ample power to grant the King all his demands in matter of Benefices without regarding the Decrees of the Tridentine Council a strong Alliance is made between the Pope and the French King and two Cardinals are created at the King's instance viz. Charles of Guise Arch-Bishop of Rhemes and Charles of Vandosme of the Blood-Royal The Cardinal of Guise made an open discourse in publick consistory in the name of the French King shewing Hist Concil Trident li. 3. that King Francis had never spared any cost or danger to maintain the liberty of other Princes In conformity whereof Henry not degenerating from the vertue of his Ancestors as soon as he had left to mourn for his Father's death was willing to declare his observance towards the See of Rome That the merits of the Kings of France were famous and exceedeth all those of other Nations But this was above all which the King now doth promising all his Forces to preserve the Papal Dignity now when it is so contemned He prayed the Pope to receive the King for his Son and to promise to himself all assistance from him and to take care that the Church should receive no damage nor shame in regard that from small beginnings great factions have risen which have brought the Popes into great calamities He exemplified in many Popes afflicted who were defended and raised by the Kings of France concluding that the present King will not yield to his Ancestors in preserving the Dignity of the Apostolick See In the year 1549. The French King making his first entry into Paris caused a solemn procession to be made and published an Edict wherein he signifieth that he received the protection of the Catholick Religion and of the See of Rome and the care of the Ecclesiastical Order and that he abhorred the Novity of Religion and testified unto all his will to persevere in the Doctrine of the Church of Rome and to banish the new Hereticks so he called the Protestants out of all his Dominions He caused this Edict to be printed in French and sent it into all parts of his Kingdom He gave leave also to his Prelates to make a Provincial Assembly to reform the Churches Which being known at Rome was thought to be a bad example and might be a beginning to make the French Church independent of the Church of Rome He caused also many Lutherans to be put to death in Paris himself being present at the Spectacle and in the beginning of the next year he renewed the Edict against them laying grievous punishments upon the Judges who were not diligent in detecting and punishing them Pope Paul III. dyeth Anno 1549. the Cardinals were divided into three factions about the choice of a new Pope Imperialists French and dependents on the dead Pope and by consequence on his Nephews Hist of Cardin. part 3. li. 2. They made agreement among themselves that nine Cardinals should be named of each Faction three but that the nomination should be made by two only of the Faction of France and that afterwards it should be lawful for the Imperialists to take one of the said nine at their pleasure and that the rest should be obliged to concur Of the French Faction accordingly were named the Cardinals of Lorrain Tornon and Bellai Of the Imperial Faction Theatino Monte and San Marcello and three others of the other Faction Salviati Ridolfi and Trani The Imperialists refused all the nine persons which were named which gave great offence to the other two Factions insomuch that it was proposed by the French to the Farnesians to unite among themselves and to choose a Pope in spite of the Imperialists But they could not agree in the choice of their persons because there were several Cardinals among the Farnesians who were much obliged to the Emperour and much afraid of his displeasure But after a tedious discussion of the Cardinals for the space of three months during the vacancy of the See Gio Maria del Monte was created Pope on February Anno 1550. by the name of Julius the third And now the Faction of the Nipotisme was introduced into the conclave having over-powred the Factions of the Emperour and King of France with no small reputation The Council having been translated to Bolonia the Emperour having protested against it the Pope deliberates about the remitting of it to Trent The French King offered to the Pope whatsoever he was able to do for him promised to assist the Council and to send the Prelates of his Kingdom and all favour and protection for the maintenance of the Papal Authority The Book of Francis Duraneus a learned Lawyer entituled De Sacris Ecclesiae Ministeriis came
contained in the writing framed at Nancy with the privity of the Duke of Lorain which had been presented to the King in the beginning of the year That the King should again declare himself Head of the Catholick League he promiseth never to make a Peace nor Truce with the Hugonots nor any Edict in their favour He shall by a publick Edict oblige all Princes Peers of France Lords and Officers of the Crown Towns Colledges Corporations and the whole people to swear the same and bind themselves with a solemn Oath never to suffer any one to reign that was not of the Romish Religion and that for time to come none should be admitted to Offices Places and Dignities in any part of that Kingdom but such as were Catholicks and made profession of their Faith according to the Doctrine of Sorbon and the Belief of the Church of Rome That the Council of Trent should be received and observed through the whole Kingdom upon the conditions and exceptions formerly mentioned the priviledges of the Gallican Church being within three Months to be declared by a Congregation of Prelates and the King's Council with divers other Articles The Articles concluded and confirmed the King presently sent forth his Letters Patents into all Provinces and several Bailages to appoint the Assembly of the States in October following at Blois a place far from Paris where the people were at his devotion far from any commerce or intelligence with the League and near those Towns which were held by the Hugonots The Duke of Guise goeth with the Queen-Mother to Chartres unto the King and is received by him with great demonstrations of honour in appearance The King causeth the Edict of the union to be published in his Council and sworn to by every one and the War against the Hugonots to be openly Proclaimed for the prosecution whereof two several Armies were appointed one in Dauphiné under the Duke of Mayenne the other in Poictou under Ludovico Gonzaga Duke of Nevers The King gives the Duke of Guise the General Command over all the men at Arms of the Realm This though not the name and title yet in effect was the Office and charge of Constable He makes the Cardinal of Guise Legate of Avignon the which he promiseth to obtain for him of the Pope He determined to give the Seal unto Peter of Espinac Archbishop of Lions He declares the Cardinal of Bourbon first Prince of the blood And the King 's late Counsellours are dismissed the Court. But two things trouble the League one iâ— the news of the defeat of the Spanish Armado at Sea by the English the other is that the King will not return to Paris howsoever they importune him Pope Sixtus V. writes congratulatory Letters to the Duke of Guise full of praises comparing him to those holy Macchabees the Defenders of the People of Israel and exhorting him to continue successfully and gloriously to fight for the advancement of the Church and the total extirpation of the Hugonots Which Letters to encrease the Duke's Fame were by his dependants caused to be Printed and divulged in Paris with as much applause in the people as anger and trouble in the King who could not be pleased that another should have more Credit and Authority in his Kingdom than himself The Assembly of the States meet at Blois at the time prefixed viz. on October 16. After dinner all being met in the great Hall of the Castle the King sate down in a Throne raised by many steps from the Earth and covered with a rich cloth of State The Queens Princes Cardinals Peers and Officers of the Crown sate upon Seats fitted for that purpose in two long rowes on the right hand and on the left and between them in the inner part of the Theatre sate the Deputies according to the Ancient preheminence of their degrees and the Duke of Guise as Grand-Mastre with the Staff of Office in his hand sate down upon a Stool at the foot of the State on â—he right hand and on the left sate the Sieur de Monthelon who represented the Person of the High Chancellour of the Kingdom The King begins the Assembly with an elegant Oration wherein attesting the earnest desires of the good of his people and shewing the dangerous condition wherein intestine discords had involved the Crown he exhorted every one to lay aside their passions to forget their enmities to reunite themselves sincerely under his obedience forsaking all novelties condemning all Leagues c. which had disturbed both him their Lawful Sovereign and the peace of the Kingdom For as he pardoned all that was past so for the time to come he would not endure it but account it as an Act of absolute Treason That as he resolved to persecute and tread down Heresie to favour those that were good to restore the splendour and force of justice to advance Religion to uphold the Nobility and to disburden the Common people so he earnestly prayed and conjured every one of them to assist him with their good Counsels and sincere intentions This speech of the King 's stung the Duke of Guise to the quick and all those of his party He caused his Speech to be Printed which served much to excuse those things which followed afterward After the King's Speech followed the Oration of Monthelon who prosecutes and amplifies the King's Speech To which the Archbishop of Bourges answered for the Order of the Clergy the Baron de Seneschay for the Nobility and the Prevost des Merchands of Paris for the third Order of the Commons The Tuesday following the King and the States swear in solemn manner to perform the Edict made before of persevering in the Romish Religion The Archbishop of Bourges shewed the States the greatness and obligation of the Oath which they were to take Beaulieu the new Secretary of State inrolled an Act of that Oath in memory of so solemn an Action After it was done they gave thanks to God publickly in the Church of S. Saveur The Proposition of receiving the Council of Trent made in the Assembly of the States is generally rejected The King is requested to declare the King of Navarre incapable of the Crown and all others suspected to be Hugonots and after much opposition he coldly consents unto it and gives unto the Deputies a Protestation which had been presented unto him from the King of Navarre who having called a Congregation of those of his party at Rochel had caused a writing to be printed wherein he demanded the execution of those Edicts and Grants which had been so often made to those of his party the Convocation of a National or universal Council wherein he might lawfully be instructed in those things that were controverted in matter of Faith and finally he protested to count invalid whatsoever should be determined against him in that Assembly at Blois To which Propositions of the King of Navarre the French King added That if justice requires no man
the hand of the President who shall diligently read them c. None shall eat with any one without the Seminary unless with his Parents and Kindred and that very seldome and with leave neither shall he sleep out of the Seminary If any go forth and abide without the President being ignorant of it he may not be admitted without consulting the Bishop whose right it is to appoint whether he be to be received into the Seminary or not Let none touch another so much as in jest but every where and among all preserve modesty and gravity Let silence every where be kept religiously in the Temple in the Schools in the Chamber between going to and returning from the School and in all places let Ecclesiastical modesty appear They shall not discourse with those they meet except by decent and modest salutation which may be done in passing by As often as they shall go either to the Temple or the School they shall proceed modestly two by two their Governour following them to whom they are committed When they are at study let none speak with other neither in the morning before nor in the evening after prayer All shall go to bed at nine a clock and rise at four all shall lye single in their beds that they may preserve their health After Dinner and after Supper they shall spend one hour in honest recreation c. Let them keep their clothes chambers beds books clean let them make up their beds early in the morning 7. Of their Learning Let all first learn the Compendium of the Catholick Catechism so exactly that by mutual interrogations concerning it they may be able to render an account of the Catholick Faith to every one requiring it And to that end a repetition of it shall be made twice in a Week And when they shall be advanced herein let the reading of the Roman Catechism be diligently commended to them that from thence they may learn the higher Doctrine of the Sacraments Let them alwayes keep the Law of speaking Latin and let them be diligent in learning their lessons and getting them by heart in the time prefixed c. Let none be absent from School in the appointed time In the School let the Clerks who shall be of the same form sit together and endeavour to excel others with all modesty Let them neither buy nor have any Books but those whom the President shall judge to be profitable for them Books that are condemned by the holy Apostolical Chair and immodest Books let them not so much as know them by name much less let them dare ever to read them They shall be exercised in all kind of Disciplines which do especially help to the knowledge of Divinity and when they shall learn more humane Learning and Philosophy they are to be chiefly instructed in that part of Divinity which unfoldeth cases of conscience Let them also learn Ecclesiastical Books diligently and those which they call Ritual Let all be exercised in their order in making Orations and Exhortations concerning the commandments of God and of the Church concerning the Articles of faith Vertues to be followed and Vices to be shunned or some other sentence of Scripture c. 8. Of Correction If any be wayward and sawcy especially who infect and corrupt the manners of others all endeavours are to be used lest they bring any detriment to the Seminary if the Moderators are somewhat indulgent toward them neither are they who are of a crabbed nature long to be retained in the Seminary unless they shall reform them by words or correction As they are not to be born in a Seminary who are ignorant and slothful so much less they who neglect piety who violate the Statutes of the Seminary who enter into society with dissolute persons who are delighted in the discourses of those that are without who are wont to whisper and backbite c. who art wont to lye and excuse their own faults who impatiently bear punishments injoyned who speak or answer malapertly undecently or ironically These and the like Vices are first of all to be stopt by the whole Seminary and sharply to be corrected without excepting any 9. Of the reason of promoting Clerks and dismissing them from the Seminary As often as Orders shall be celebrated the President shall give to the Bishop a Catalogue of those who for their age piety and learning may be promoted to some Order In examinations which shall be had to vacant Benefices the Seminary-Clerks if they be fit let them be preferred before all others They shall be sent at the pleasure of the Bishop to Churches destitute of Pastors or to govern Schools or to undergo other Ecclesiastical Offices for the necessity of times and places Whosoever shall be sent away from the Seminary for what cause soever let him render an account of his Office to the President which he hath exercised at home and restore all things to its place which have been committed to him Those who have been educated in the Seminary and without the licence of the Bishop have delivered up themselves to any place or person or have fled out of the Diocess in which they ought to serve the Church shall be bound to make restitution of that maintenance which they have received in the Seminary They who depart if they come to better preferment yet are they to remember that they ought to be beneficial and grateful to the Seminary Departing let them take their leave of the Lord Bishop if he be in the City his Vicars the President the Priests and the rest of their companions and let them earnestly entreat them all to pray for their prosperity The Decrees of another Provincial Synod follow made partly at Tours in the month of May 1583. and partly at Anjou in the month of September I shall only set down an Index of the Titles 1. THe Prologue of the Synod 2. Supplications to the Pope and the Most Christian King 3. Of the care of defending the Profession of Faith 4. A Form of Confession of Faith is set down 5. Of the Extirpation of Simony 6. Of the Sacraments and their use 7. Of Baptism 8. Of Confirmation 9. Of the Eucharist and Sacrifice of the Mass 10. Of Matrimony 11. Of Order 12. Of the celebration of Festivals the Veneration of Reliques and of Images 13. Of Ecclesiastical Discipline the Reformation of the Clergy as well as the people 14. Of Chapters Dignities and Canons 15. Of Parish-Priests Presbyters and other Clerks 16. Of Christs faithful Laity This Synod requireth Women not to go abroad and especially not to come into the Church without their heads and breasts veiled Indignum est c. It is an unworthy thing say they that Christian women whom it becometh to be adorned with modesty and sobriety to profess piety by good works after a whorish manner to expose themselves to the people with curled hair and naked breasts They forbid all temporal businesses to be done
in the Church where Prayers and Divine Offices are to be performed They require all Christians not to eat without first consecrating their Table and not to depart from Table without pious and humble thanksgiving unto God If any one hath taken counterfeit money though ignorantly and he know not the person from whom he received it yet he shall not presume to put it away to another because it cannot be done without appearance of evil All Laicks are forbidden to walk in the Church especially during the time of Divine Offices under pain of Excommunication 17. Of Monks and Monasteries of the manner of the admission of Novices into Abbies Monasteries and Convents None is to be admitted to that profession before the year of probation and before the sixteenth year of his age Of the antient Ceremonies and Customs of the Monasteries the habits of the Monks and their shaving their beards and having a round ring of hair on their heads The Laity are forbidden to sit among the Monks whilst the Divine Mysteries are celebrated 18. Of Nuns and their Habits A Prohibition to men to enter into the Monasteries of the Women 19. Of Burials The bodies of Hereticks not to have Christian burial Those who deny the Oblations or Legacies of the dead or refuse to pay them or conceal their Wills and Testaments or deceitfully retain them are to be excommunicated 20. Of Jurisdiction and Visitation 21. Of preserving Church-goods and not alienating them 22. Of Seminaries Schools and Universities The Decrees of the Provincial Council of Aquitain celebrated at Bituriges in the month of September Anno 1584. IN the first place there is a Form of Confession of Faith by those who were present in this Provincial Council The Index of the Titles 1. Concerning the Adoring Worshipping and Calling upon God 2. Concerning Faith 3. Of the Preaching and Exposition of the Word of God 4. Of taking away the abuse of the Scriptures 5. Of avoiding Hereticks 6. Of Invocation of Saints and of Festival dayes 7. Of Pilgrimages to holy places No Clerk may presume to visit such places without having obtained a licence from his own Bishop or his Vicar in writing and before he begin his journey he is first to confess all his sins and to receive the holy Eucharist None is to visit holy places out of curiosity or out of pleasure or to view divers Towns and places but for the amendment of his life and the fulfilling of Vows 8. Of Vigils and Fastings 9. Of Churches and Temples 10. Of the Reliques of Saints The first Canon was that the Bishops take care that the honour of Reliques be preached to the people of God That Reliques are not to be shewed out of the Box except it be done out of a solemn manner and custom of some Church but they are to be kept with honour and reverence The Reliques of Saints may not be translated without the authority of the Pope or the Bishop or a Council They are to be carryed by Ecclesiastical persons in publick prayers not by Laicks unless perhaps it be granted them out of an antient and laudable custome of Churches and places 11. Of Images 12. Of the celebration of the Divine Office of Canonical hours and the Ecclesiastical Hymn 13. Of daily distributions 14. Of Boyes-Choristers of their age manners habit and learning 15. Of the Ornaments and Vessels of the Church 16. Of Coemeteries the care of the Dead and of Purgatory 17. Of Traditions 18. Of the Sacraments in general 19. Of Baptism 20. Of Confirmation 21. Of Penance and the parts of it 22. Of the Eucharist 23. Of the Mass 24. Of Order 25. Of the Clergy 26. Of Priests 27. Of Matrimony 28. Of Extream Unction 29. Of the greater and lesser Seminaries of Schools and Universities 30. Of Jurisdiction 31. Of Excommunication 32. Of Archbishops and Bishops 33. Of a Visitation Procuration and the persons to whom the power of Visiting is given 34. Of Canons and Chapters 35. Of the Rectors of Parish Churches 36. Of Benefices 37. Of Monasteries and Religious Houses 38. Of things pertaining to the Church 39. Of Blasphemies of an Oath and of Perjury 40. Of Divination by lots Enchantments Conjurations and such like Superstitions 41. Of Simoniacks and Fiduciaries 42. Of Concubinaries 43. Of Hospitals 44. Of Confraternities and Fellowships 45. Of Laicks 46. Of Councils This Council was concluded with acclamations to Pope Gregory XIII to King Henry III to the Patriarch of Bituriges and to all the Bishops that were present in that Council wishing them long life and an happy return to their Churches An Indulgence of fourty days was granted by the Patriarch to all who were present in this Synod and to all people which favoured so holy a work with their wishes and prayers An Index of the Titles of the Decrees of the Provincial Council of Aquens Anno 1585. 1. COncerning the Profession of the Catholick faith 2. A Form of confession of faith 3. Of the Rudiments of faith and the Schools of Christian doctrine 4. Of prohibited Books 5. Of the Sacraments 6. Of the Sacrament of Baptism 7. Of the holy Chrisme 8. Of Confirmation 9. Of those things which pertain to the Sacrament of the most holy Eucharist 10. Of the celebration of the Mass 11. Of the Missal and Breviary 12. Of those things which pertain to the Sacrament of Penance 13. Of Matrimony 14. Of those things which pertain to the Sacrament of Extream Unction 15. Of those things which belong to the Sacrament of Order 16. Of the Worship of Festival dayes 17. Of the life and honesty of Clerks 18. Of Bishops of those things in which the Bishop out of the Council of Trent as delegate of the Apostolical Chair may and ought to proceed 19. Of a Visitation 20. Of Sermons and Preaching the Word of God 21. Of Canonists 22. Of Chapters 23. Of Beneficed persons or Mansionaries 24. Of Parish-Priests and Curates 25. Of Residency 26. Of Churches and their Ordaining 27. Of the Quire 28. Of the Altar 29. Of the Sacrist 30. Of the Coemeteries Bell Obsequies and Funerals 31. Of Processions 32. Of Indulgences 33. Of Reliques 34. Of Excommunication 35. Of those things which pertain to the Collation of Benefices and the preservation of rights and goods 36. Of a Seminary 37. Of a Diocesan Synod 38. Of foraneous Vicars 39. Of Monasteries 40. Of Nuns and their Vows of Chastity 41. Of those things which generally belong to these Constitutions The Titles of the Decrees of the Provincial Council of Tholouse Anno 1590. Part 1. 1. COncerning a Profession of Faith 2. Concerning Bishops 3. Concerning Chapters 4. Concerning Parish-Priests 5. Of Presbyters and Clerks 6. Of Preachers 7. Of foraneous Vicars 8. Of Nuns Part 2. 1. Of Sacraments and things belonging to the Sacraments 2. Of Baptism 3. Of Confirmation 4. Of Penance and Confession 5. Of the Eucharist and the holy Communion 6. Of the celebration of Masses 7. Of the Sacrament of Order 8.