all_o the_o brevity_n and_o clearness_n i_o can_v and_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o universality_n though_o that_o be_v no-wise_a necessary_a to_o justify_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o religion_n we_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o they_o if_o we_o take_v in_o the_o christian_n of_o all_o age_n and_o of_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o antiquity_n that_o our_o faith_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o our_o religion_n have_v clear_o the_o advantage_n of_o they_o all_o our_o faith_n be_v unquestionable_o ancient_a there_o be_v not_o so_o 1._o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o universality_n which_o they_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n i_o know_v not_o for_o what_o reason_n will_v needs_o make_v a_o inseparable_a property_n and_o mark_n of_o the_o true_a church_n and_o they_o never_o stout_a at_o the_o protestant_a religion_n with_o so_o good_a a_o grace_n among_o the_o ignorant_a people_n as_o when_o they_o be_v brag_v of_o their_o number_n and_o despise_v poor_a protestancy_n because_o embrace_v by_o so_o few_o this_o pestilent_a northern_a heresy_n as_o of_o late_o they_o scornful_o call_v it_o entertain_v it_o seem_v only_o in_o this_o cold_a and_o cloudy_a corner_n of_o the_o world_n by_o a_o company_n of_o dull_a stupid_a people_n that_o can_v neither_o penetrate_v into_o the_o proof_n nor_o the_o possibility_n of_o transubstantiation_n whereas_o to_o the_o more_o refine_a southern_a wit_n all_o these_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a point_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o their_o sun_n at_o noonday_n but_o to_o speak_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o if_o number_n be_v necessary_a to_o prove_v the_o truth_n and_o goodness_n of_o any_o religion_n we_o upon_o enquiry_n will_v be_v find_v not_o so_o inconsiderable_a as_o our_o adversary_n will_v make_v it_o those_o of_o the_o reform_a religion_n according_a to_o the_o most_o exact_a calculation_n that_o have_v be_v make_v by_o learned_a man_n be_v esteem_v not_o much_o unequal_a in_o number_n to_o those_o of_o the_o romish_a persuasion_n but_o then_o if_o we_o take_v in_o the_o ancient_a christian_a church_n who_o faith_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o and_o other_o christian_a church_n at_o this_o day_n which_o all_o together_o be_v vast_o great_a and_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o which_o agree_v with_o we_o several_a of_o they_o in_o very_o considerable_a doctrine_n and_o practice_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o all_o of_o they_o in_o disclaim_v that_o fundamental_a point_n of_o the_o roman_a religion_n and_o sum_n of_o christianity_n as_o bellarmine_n call_v it_o i_o mean_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n over_o all_o christian_n and_o church_n in_o the_o world_n than_o the_o number_n on_o our_o side_n will_v be_v much_o great_a than_o on_o they_o but_o we_o will_v not_o stand_v upon_o this_o advantage_n with_o they_o suppose_v we_o be_v by_o much_o the_o sewer_n so_o have_v the_o true_a church_n of_o god_n often_o be_v without_o any_o the_o least_o prejudice_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o religion_n what_o think_v we_o of_o the_o church_n in_o abraham_n time_n which_o for_o aught_o we_o know_v be_v confine_v to_o one_o family_n and_o one_o small_a kingdom_n that_o of_o melchisedec_n king_n of_o salem_n what_o think_v we_o of_o it_o in_o moses_n his_o time_n when_o it_o be_v confine_v to_o one_o people_n wander_v in_o a_o wilderness_n what_o of_o it_o in_o elijah_n time_n when_o beside_o the_o two_o tribe_n that_o worship_v at_o jerusalem_n there_o be_v in_o the_o other_o ten_o but_o seven_o thousand_o that_o have_v not_o bow_v their_o knee_n to_o baal_n what_o in_o our_o saviour_n time_n when_o the_o whole_a christian_a church_n consist_v of_o twelve_o apostle_n and_o seventy_o disciple_n and_o some_o few_o follower_n beside_o how_o will_v bellarmine_n have_v despise_v this_o little_a flock_n because_o it_o want_v one_o or_o two_o of_o his_o goodly_a mark_n of_o the_o true_a church_n universality_n and_o splendour_n and_o what_o think_v we_o of_o the_o christian_a church_n in_o the_o height_n of_o arianism_n and_o pelagianism_n when_o a_o great_a part_n of_o christendom_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o error_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o orthodox_n be_v inconsiderable_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o heretic_n but_o what_o need_v i_o to_o urge_v these_o instance_n as_o if_o the_o truth_n of_o a_o religion_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v and_o carry_v by_o the_o major_a vote_n which_o as_o it_o can_v be_v a_o argument_n to_o none_o but_o fool_n so_o i_o dare_v say_v no_o honest_a and_o wise_a man_n ever_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o a_o solid_a proof_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o goodness_n of_o any_o church_n or_o religion_n if_o multitude_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o man_n be_v in_o the_o right_n in_o vain_a then_o have_v the_o scripture_n say_v thou_o shall_v not_o follow_v a_o multitude_n to_o do_v evil_a for_o if_o this_o argument_n be_v of_o any_o force_n the_o great_a number_n never_o go_v wrong_n 2._o as_o to_o the_o point_n of_o antiquity_n this_o be_v not_o always_o a_o certain_a mark_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o christianity_n begin_v and_o be_v a_o new_a profession_n and_o then_o both_o judaisme_n and_o paganism_n have_v certain_o the_o advantage_n of_o it_o in_o point_n of_o antiquity_n but_o the_o proper_a question_n in_o this_o case_n be_v which_o be_v the_o true_a ancient_a christian_a faith_n that_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n or_o we_o and_o to_o make_v this_o matter_n plain_a it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a faith_n be_v the_o same_o with_o we_o as_o namely_o the_o article_n of_o the_o apostle_n creed_n as_o explain_v by_o the_o first_o four_o general_n council_n and_o these_o make_v up_o our_o whole_a faith_n so_o far_o as_o concern_v matter_n of_o mere_a and_o simple_a belief_n that_o be_v of_o absolute_a necessity_n to_o salvation_n and_o in_o this_o faith_n of_o we_o there_o be_v nothing_o want_v that_o can_v be_v show_v in_o any_o ancient_a creed_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n and_o thus_o far_o our_o faith_n and_o they_o of_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v undoubted_o of_o equal_a antiquity_n that_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o christianity_n itself_o all_o the_o question_n be_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o difference_n between_o we_o the_o principal_a whereof_o be_v the_o twelve_o new_a article_n of_o the_o creed_n of_o pope_n pius_n the_o iv_o concern_v the_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o mass_n transubstantiation_n the_o communion_n in_o one_o kind_n only_o purgatory_n etc._n etc._n not_o one_o of_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o ancient_a creed_n or_o confession_n of_o faith_n general_o allow_v in_o the_o christian_a church_n the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o we_o deny_v and_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v innovation_n and_o have_v particular_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v so_o not_o only_o to_o the_o answer_v but_o almost_o to_o the_o silence_v of_o our_o adversary_n and_o as_o for_o the_o negative_a article_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o error_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o romish_a faith_n these_o be_v by_o accident_n become_v a_o part_n of_o our_o faith_n and_o religion_n occasion_v by_o their_o error_n as_o the_o renounce_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o arianism_n become_v part_n of_o the_o catholic_n religion_n after_o the_o rise_n of_o that_o heresy_n so_o that_o the_o case_n be_v plain_o this_o we_o believe_v and_o teach_v all_o that_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o creed_n of_o the_o ancient_a christian_a church_n and_o be_v by_o they_o esteem_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n and_o this_o be_v our_o religion_n but_o now_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v innovate_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o make_v several_a addition_n to_o it_o and_o great_o corrupt_v it_o both_o in_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o it_o and_o these_o addition_n and_o corruption_n be_v their_o religion_n as_o it_o be_v distinct_a from_o we_o and_o both_o because_o they_o be_v corruption_n and_o novelty_n we_o have_v reject_v they_o and_o our_o rejection_n of_o these_o be_v our_o reformation_n and_o our_o reformation_n we_o grant_v if_o this_o will_v do_v they_o any_o good_a not_o to_o be_v so_o ancient_a as_o their_o corruption_n all_o reformation_n necessary_o suppose_v corruption_n and_o error_n to_o have_v be_v before_o it_o and_o now_o we_o be_v at_o a_o little_a better_a leisure_n to_o answer_v that_o captious_a question_n of_o they_o where_o be_v your_o religion_n before_o luther_n wherever_o christianity_n be_v in_o some_o place_n more_o pure_a in_o other_o more_o corrupt_v but_o especial_o in_o these_o western_a part_n of_o christendom_n overgrow_v for_o several_a age_n with_o
3_o church_n in_o sent._n l._n 4._o dist_n 11._o q_o 3_o scotus_n acknowledge_v that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o always_o think_v necessary_a to_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o believe_v it_o be_v consequent_a to_o that_o declaration_n of_o the_o church_n make_v in_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o pope_n innocent_a the_o iii_o and_o 15._o and_o in_o sent._n l._n 4._o do_v 11._o q._n 1._o n._n 15._o durandus_fw-la free_o discover_v his_o inclination_n to_o have_v believe_v the_o contrary_a if_o the_o church_n have_v not_o by_o that_o determination_n oblige_v man_n to_o believe_v it_o 146._o it_o de_fw-fr euchar_n l._n 1._o p._n 146._o tonstal_v bishop_n of_o durham_n also_o yield_v that_o before_o the_o lateran_n council_n man_n be_v at_o liberty_n as_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o christ_n presence_n in_o the_o sacrament_n and_o 108._o and_o in_o 1_o epist_n ad_fw-la corinth_n c._n 7._o citante_fw-la etiam_fw-la salmerone_n tom._n 9_o tract_n 16._o p._n 108._o erasmus_n who_o live_v and_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o than_o who_o no_o man_n be_v better_o read_v in_o the_o ancient_a father_n do_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v late_o before_o the_o church_n define_v transubstantiation_n unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n both_o name_n and_o thing_n and_o 8._o and_o de_fw-fr haeres_fw-la l._n 8._o alphonsus_n a_o castro_n say_v plain_o that_o concern_v the_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o bread_n into_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n there_o be_v seldom_o any_o mention_n in_o the_o ancient_a writer_n and_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o these_o learned_a man_n will_v have_v grant_v the_o ancient_a church_n and_o father_n to_o have_v be_v so_o much_o stranger_n to_o this_o doctrine_n have_v they_o think_v it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o perpetual_a belief_n of_o the_o church_n i_o shall_v now_o in_o the_o second_o place_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o particular_a time_n and_o occasion_n of_o the_o come_n in_o of_o this_o doctrine_n and_o by_o what_o step_n and_o degree_n it_o grow_v up_o and_o be_v advance_v into_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o romish_a church_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n be_v first_o start_v upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o dispute_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o opposition_n whereto_o the_o synod_n of_o constantinople_n about_o the_o year_n dccl_o do_v argue_v thus_o that_o our_o lord_n have_v leave_v we_o no_o other_o image_n of_o himself_o but_o the_o sacrament_n in_o which_o the_o substance_n of_o bread_n be_v the_o image_n of_o his_o body_n we_o ought_v to_o make_v no_o other_o image_n of_o our_o lord_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o argument_n the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a in_o the_o year_n dcclxxxvii_o do_v declare_v that_o the_o sacrament_n after_o consecration_n be_v not_o the_o image_n and_o antitype_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n but_o be_v proper_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n so_o that_o the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n be_v first_o bring_v in_o to_o support_v the_o stupid_a worship_n of_o image_n and_o indeed_o it_o can_v never_o have_v come_v in_o upon_o a_o more_o proper_a occasion_n not_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o a_o fit_a purpose_n and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n how_o well_o this_o agree_v with_o 1._o with_o de_fw-fr eucharist_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o bellarmine_n observation_n that_o none_o of_o the_o ancient_n who_o write_v of_o heresy_n have_v put_v this_o error_n viz_o of_o deny_v transubstantiation_n in_o his_o caralogue_n nor_o do_v any_o of_o the_o ancient_n dispute_v against_o this_o error_n for_o the_o first_o 600_o year_n which_o be_v very_o true_a because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o occasion_n then_o to_o dispute_v against_o those_o who_o deem_v transubstantiation_n since_o as_o i_o have_v show_v this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o in_o be_v unless_o among_o the_o eutychian_a heretic_n for_o the_o first_o 600_o year_n and_o more_o but_o ibid._n but_o ibid._n bellarmine_n go_v on_o and_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o first_o who_o call_v in_o question_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o eucharist_n be_v the_o iconomachi_n the_o opposer_n of_o image_n after_o the_o year_n dcc_n in_o the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n for_o these_o say_v there_o be_v one_o image_n of_o christ_n institute_v by_o christ_n himself_o viz._n the_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o eucharist_n which_o represent_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n wherefore_o from_o that_o time_n the_o greek_a writer_n often_o admonish_v we_o that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v not_o the_o figure_n or_o image_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o lord_n but_o his_o true_a body_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o vii_o synod_n which_o agree_v most_o exact_o with_o the_o account_n which_o i_o have_v give_v of_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o this_o doctrine_n which_o begin_v with_o the_o corporal_a presence_n of_o christ_n in_o the_o sacrament_n and_o afterward_o proceed_v to_o transubstantiation_n and_o as_o this_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o introduce_v this_o doctrine_n among_o the_o greek_n so_o in_o the_o latin_a or_o roman_a church_n paschasius_fw-la radbertus_n first_o a_o monk_n and_o afterward_o abbot_n of_o corbey_n be_v the_o first_o broacher_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n dcccxviii_o and_o for_o this_o beside_o the_o evidence_n of_o history_n we_o have_v the_o acknowledgement_n of_o two_o very_a eminent_a person_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n bellarmine_n and_o sirmondus_n who_o do_v in_o effect_n confess_v that_o this_o paschasius_fw-la be_v the_o first_o who_o write_v to_o purpose_n upon_o this_o argument_n eccles_n argument_n de_fw-fr scriptor_n eccles_n bellarmine_n in_o these_o word_n this_o author_n be_v the_o first_o who_o have_v serious_o and_o copious_o write_v concern_v the_o truth_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n in_o the_o eucharist_n and_o paschasii_fw-la and_o in_o vita_fw-la paschasii_fw-la sirmondus_fw-la in_o these_o he_o so_o first_o explain_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o catholic_a church_n that_o he_o open_v the_o way_n to_o the_o rest_n who_o afterward_o in_o great_a number_n write_v upon_o the_o same_o argument_n but_o though_o sirmondus_n be_v please_v to_o say_v that_o he_o only_o first_o explain_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o catholic_a church_n in_o this_o point_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a from_o the_o record_n of_o that_o age_n which_o be_v leave_v to_o we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v broach_v in_o the_o latin_a church_n and_o it_o meet_v with_o great_a opposition_n in_o that_o age_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o show_v for_o rabanus_n maurus_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n about_o the_o year_n dcccxlvii_o recite_v the_o very_a word_n of_o paschasius_fw-la wherein_o he_o have_v deliver_v this_o doctrine_n have_v this_o remarkable_a passage_n concern_v the_o novelty_n of_o it_o 33._o it_o epist_n ad_fw-la heribaldum_fw-la c._n 33._o some_o say_v he_o of_o late_a not_o have_v a_o right_a opinion_n concern_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n have_v say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o in_o which_o our_o lord_n suffer_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o rose_n from_o the_o dead_a which_o error_n say_v he_o we_o have_v oppose_v with_o all_o our_o might_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o learned_a bishop_n of_o that_o age_n and_o of_o eminent_a reputation_n for_o piety_n that_o what_o be_v now_o the_o very_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n concern_v the_o sacrament_n be_v then_o esteem_v a_o error_n broach_v by_o some_o particular_a person_n but_o be_v far_o from_o be_v the_o general_o receive_v doctrine_n of_o that_o age._n can_v any_o one_o think_v it_o possible_a that_o so_o eminent_a a_o person_n in_o the_o church_n both_o for_o piety_n and_o learning_n can_v have_v condemn_v this_o doctrine_n as_o a_o error_n and_o a_o novelty_n have_v it_o be_v the_o general_a doctrine_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n not_o only_o in_o that_o but_o in_o all_o former_a age_n and_o no_o censure_n pass_v upon_o he_o for_o that_o which_o be_v now_o the_o great_a burn_a article_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o esteem_v by_o they_o one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o pernicious_a heresy_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n mlix_o when_o berengarius_fw-la in_o france_n and_o germany_n have_v raise_v a_o fresh_a opposition_n against_o this_o doctrine_n he_o be_v compel_v to_o recant_v it_o by_o pope_n nicholas_n and_o the_o council_n at_o rome_n in_o these_o word_n 19_o word_n gratian._n de_fw-fr consecrat_fw-mi distinct_a 2._o lanfranc_n de_fw-fr corp_n &_o sing_v domini_fw-la c._n 5._o guitmund_n de_fw-fr
sacram._n l._n 1._o alger_n de_fw-fr sacram._n l._n 1._o c._n 19_o that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n which_o be_v set_v upon_o the_o altar_n after_o the_o consecration_n be_v not_o only_o the_o sacrament_n but_o the_o true_a body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o be_v sensible_o not_o only_o in_o the_o sacrament_n but_o in_o truth_n handle_v and_o break_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o ground_n or_o bruise_v by_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o faithful_a but_o it_o seem_v the_o pope_n and_o his_o council_n be_v not_o then_o skilful_a enough_o to_o express_v themselves_o right_o in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o gloss_n upon_o the_o canon_n law_n say_v express_o berengarius_fw-la express_o gloss_n decret_n de_fw-mi consecrat_fw-mi do_v 2._o in_o cap._n ego_fw-la berengarius_fw-la that_o unless_o we_o understand_v these_o word_n of_o berengarius_n that_o be_v in_o truth_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o council_n in_o a_o sound_a sense_n we_o shall_v fall_v into_o a_o great_a heresy_n than_o that_o of_o berengarius_n for_o we_o do_v not_o make_v part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n the_o meaning_n of_o which_o gloss_n i_o can_v imagine_v unless_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n though_o it_o be_v in_o truth_n break_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o break_v into_o part_n for_o we_o do_v not_o make_v part_n of_o the_o bode_v of_o christ_n but_o into_o whole_n now_o this_o new_a way_n of_o break_v a_o body_n not_o into_o part_n but_o into_o whole_n which_o in_o good_a earnest_n be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n though_o to_o they_o that_o be_v able_a to_o believe_v transubstantiation_n it_o may_v for_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v appear_v to_o be_v sound_a sense_n yet_o to_o we_o that_o can_v believe_v so_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v solid_a nonsense_n about_o xx_o year_n after_o in_o the_o year_n mlxxix_o pope_n gregory_n the_o vii_o the_o begin_v to_o be_v sensible_a of_o this_o absurdity_n and_o therefore_o in_o another_o council_n at_o rome_n make_v berengarius_fw-la to_o recant_v in_o another_o form_n viz._n 13._o viz._n walden_v tom._n 2._o c._n 13._o that_o the_o bread_n and_o wine_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o altar_n be_v substantial_o change_v into_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a and_o quicken_a flesh_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o after_o consecration_n be_v the_o true_a body_n of_o christ_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o virgin_n and_o which_o be_v offer_v for_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o world_n do_v hang_v upon_o the_o cross_n and_o sit_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o father_n so_o that_o from_o the_o first_o start_v of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a in_o the_o year_n dcclxxxvii_o till_o the_o council_n under_o pope_n gregory_n the_o vii_o the_o in_o the_o year_n mlxxix_o it_o be_v almost_o three_o hundred_o year_n that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v contest_v and_o before_o this_o misshape_a monster_n of_o transubstantiation_n can_v be_v lick_v into_o that_o form_n in_o which_o it_o be_v now_o settle_a and_o establish_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n here_o then_o be_v a_o plain_a account_n of_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o this_o doctrine_n and_o of_o the_o several_a step_n whereby_o it_o be_v advance_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n into_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n i_o come_v now_o in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o answer_v the_o great_a pretend_a demonstration_n of_o the_o impossibility_n that_o this_o doctrine_n if_o it_o have_v be_v new_a shall_v ever_o have_v come_v in_o in_o any_o age_n and_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o church_n and_o consequent_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n have_v be_v the_o perpetual_a belief_n of_o the_o church_n in_o all_o age_n for_o if_o it_o have_v not_o always_o be_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n whenever_o it_o have_v attempt_v first_o to_o come_v in_o there_o will_v have_v be_v a_o great_a stir_n and_o bustle_v about_o it_o and_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n will_v have_v rise_v up_o in_o opposition_n to_o it_o but_o we_o can_v show_v no_o such_o time_n when_o first_o it_o come_v in_o and_o when_o any_o such_o opposition_n be_v make_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v always_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n this_o demonstration_n mounseur_fw-fr arnauld_n a_o very_a learned_a man_n in_o france_n pretend_v to_o be_v unanswerable_a whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o not_o i_o shall_v brief_o examine_v and_o first_o we_o do_v assign_v a_o punctual_a and_o very_a likely_a time_n of_o the_o first_o rise_v of_o this_o doctrine_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o nine_o age_n though_o it_o do_v not_o take_v firm_a root_n nor_o be_v full_o settle_v and_o establish_v till_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o eleven_o and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o likely_a time_n of_o all_o other_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n for_o so_o gross_a a_o error_n to_o appear_v it_o be_v by_o the_o confession_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o most_o dark_a and_o dismal_a time_n that_o ever_o happen_v to_o the_o christian_a church_n both_o for_o ignorance_n and_o superstition_n and_o vice_n it_o come_v in_o together_o with_o idolatry_n and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o support_v it_o a_o fit_a prop_n and_o companion_n for_o it_o and_o indeed_o what_o tare_n may_v not_o the_o enemy_n have_v sow_o in_o so_o dark_a and_o long_a a_o night_n when_o so_o considerable_a a_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n be_v lull_v asleep_a in_o profound_a ignorance_n and_o superstition_n and_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o account_n which_o our_o saviour_n himself_o give_v in_o the_o parable_n of_o the_o tare_n of_o the_o spring_a up_o of_o error_n and_o corruption_n in_o the_o field_n of_o the_o church_n 13.24_o church_n matth._n 13.24_o while_o the_o man_n sleep_v the_o enemy_n do_v his_o work_n in_o the_o night_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v awake_a they_o wonder_v how_o and_o whence_o the_o tare_n come_v but_o be_v sure_o they_o be_v there_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sow_o at_o first_o they_o conclude_v the_o enemy_n have_v do_v it_o second_o i_o have_v show_v likewise_o that_o there_o be_v considerable_a opposition_n make_v to_o this_o error_n at_o its_o first_o come_v in_o the_o general_a ignorance_n and_o gross_a superstition_n of_o that_o age_n render_v the_o generality_n of_o people_n more_o quiet_a and_o secure_a and_o dispose_v they_o to_o receive_v any_o thing_n that_o come_v under_o a_o pretence_n of_o mystery_n in_o religion_n and_o of_o great_a reverence_n and_o devotion_n to_o the_o sacrament_n and_o that_o seem_v any_o way_n to_o countenance_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n for_o which_o at_o that_o time_n they_o be_v zealous_o concern_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o security_n and_o passive_a temper_n of_o the_o people_n the_o man_n most_o eminent_a for_o piety_n and_o learning_n in_o that_o time_n make_v great_a resistance_n against_o it_o i_o have_v already_o name_v rabanus_n arch_a bishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o oppose_v it_o as_o a_o error_n late_o spring_v up_o and_o which_o have_v then_o gain_v but_o upon_o some_o few_o person_n to_o who_o i_o may_v add_v heribaldus_n bishop_n of_o auxerres_n in_o france_n io._n scotus_n erigena_n and_o ratramnus_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o bertram_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v employ_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o bald_a to_o oppose_v this_o grow_a error_n and_o write_v learned_o against_o it_o and_o these_o be_v the_o eminent_a man_n for_o learning_n in_o that_o time_n and_o because_o monsieur_n arnauld_n will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v unless_o there_o be_v some_o stir_n and_o bustle_v about_o it_o bertram_z in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o book_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a opinion_n talk_v different_o about_o the_o mystery_n of_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n be_v divide_v by_o no_o small_a schism_n three_o though_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n to_o this_o pretend_a demonstration_n i_o have_v be_v content_v to_o untie_v this_o knot_n yet_o i_o can_v without_o all_o these_o pain_n have_v cut_v it_o for_o suppose_v this_o doctrine_n have_v silent_o come_v in_o and_o without_o opposition_n so_o that_o we_o can_v not_o assign_v the_o particular_a time_n and_o occasion_n of_o its_o first_o rise_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o record_n of_o former_a age_n for_o above_o d._n year_n together_o that_o this_o be_v not_o the_o ancient_a belief_n of_o the_o church_n and_o plain_a also_o that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v afterward_o receive_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n though_o we_o can_v not_o tell_v how_o and_o when_o it_o come_v in_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v the_o wild_a and_o most_o extravagant_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n to_o set_v up_o a_o
pretend_a demonstration_n of_o reason_n against_o plain_a experience_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n this_o be_v just_a zenoe_n demonstration_n of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o motion_n against_o diogenes_n walk_v before_o his_o eye_n for_o this_o be_v to_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o impossible_a to_o have_v be_v which_o most_o certain_o be_v just_o thus_o the_o servant_n in_o the_o parable_n may_v have_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o tare_n be_v wheat_n because_o they_o be_v sure_a none_o but_o good_a seed_n be_v sow_o at_o first_o and_o no_o man_n can_v give_v any_o account_n of_o the_o punctual_a time_n when_o any_o tare_n be_v sow_o or_o by_o who_o and_o if_o a_o enemy_n have_v come_v to_o do_v it_o he_o must_v needs_o have_v meet_v with_o great_a resistance_n and_o opposition_n but_o no_o such_o resistance_n be_v make_v and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o tare_n in_o the_o field_n but_o that_o which_o they_o call_v tare_n be_v certain_o good_a wheat_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n a_o man_n may_v demonstrate_v that_o our_o king_n his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v not_o return_v into_o england_n nor_o restore_v to_o his_o crown_n because_o there_o be_v so_o great_a and_o powerful_a a_o army_n possess_v of_o his_o land_n and_o therefore_o oblige_v by_o interest_n to_o keep_v he_o out_o it_o be_v impossible_a he_o shall_v ever_o come_v in_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fight_v and_o bloodshed_n but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n therefore_o he_o be_v not_o return_v and_o restore_v to_o his_o crown_n and_o by_o the_o like_a kind_n of_o demonstration_n one_o may_v prove_v that_o the_o turk_n do_v not_o invade_v christendom_n last_o year_n and_o besiege_v vienna_n because_o if_o he_o have_v the_o most_o christian_n king_n who_o have_v the_o great_a army_n in_o christendom_n in_o a_o readiness_n will_v certain_o have_v employ_v it_o against_o he_o but_o mounseur_fw-fr arnauld_n certain_o know_v no_o such_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o according_a to_o his_o way_n of_o demonstration_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o common_o report_v and_o believe_v concern_v the_o turk_n invasion_n of_o christendom_n and_o besiege_v vienna_n last_o year_n be_v a_o perfect_a mistake_n but_o a_o man_n may_v demonstrate_v till_o his_o head_n and_o heart_n ache_v before_o he_o shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v that_o which_o certain_o be_v or_o be_v never_o to_o have_v be_v for_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o impossibles_fw-fr nothing_o be_v more_o evident_o so_o than_o to_o make_v that_o which_o have_v be_v not_o to_o have_v be_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o cope_v with_o so_o tough_a and_o obstinate_a a_o difficulty_n and_o i_o have_v often_o wonder_v how_o a_o man_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr arnauld_n great_a wit_n and_o sharp_a judgement_n can_v prevail_v with_o himself_o to_o engage_v in_o so_o bad_a and_o baffle_v a_o cause_n or_o can_v think_v to_o defend_v it_o with_o so_o wooden_a a_o dagger_n as_o his_o demonstration_n of_o reason_n against_o certain_a experience_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n a_o thing_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a of_o equal_a absurdity_n with_o what_o he_o pretend_v to_o demonstrate_v transubstantiation_n itself_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o pretend_v ground_n of_o this_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o that_o be_v the_o infallible_a authority_n of_o the_o present_a church_n to_o make_v and_o declare_v new_a article_n of_o faith_n and_o this_o in_o truth_n be_v the_o ground_n into_o which_o the_o most_o of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o their_o church_n do_v heretofore_o and_o many_o do_v still_o resolve_v their_o belief_n of_o this_o doctrine_n and_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v do_v plain_o say_v that_o they_o see_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n either_o from_o scripture_n or_o tradition_n for_o the_o belief_n of_o it_o and_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v believe_v the_o contrary_n have_v not_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o church_n oblige_v they_o otherwise_o but_o if_o this_o doctrine_n be_v obtrude_v upon_o the_o world_n mere_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o the_o declaration_n of_o the_o council_n under_o pope_n gregory_n the_o vii_o the_o or_o of_o the_o lateran_n council_n under_o innocent_a the_o iii_o then_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a innovation_n in_o the_o christian_a doctrine_n and_o a_o new_a article_n of_o faith_n impose_v upon_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o if_o any_o church_n have_v this_o power_n the_o christian_a faith_n may_v be_v enlarge_v and_o change_v as_o often_o as_o man_n please_v and_o that_o which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o our_o saviour_n doctrine_n nay_o any_o thing_n though_o never_o so_o absurd_a and_o unreasonable_a may_v become_v a_o article_n of_o faith_n oblige_v all_o christian_n to_o the_o belief_n of_o it_o whenever_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o stamp_v her_o authority_n upon_o it_o which_o will_v make_v christianity_n a_o most_o uncertain_a and_o endless_a thing_n the_o four_o pretend_v ground_n of_o this_o doctrine_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o such_o a_o change_n as_o this_o in_o the_o sacrament_n to_o the_o comfort_n and_o benefit_n of_o those_o who_o receive_v it_o but_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n for_o this_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v right_o consider_v because_o the_o comfort_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o sacrament_n depend_v upon_o the_o blessing_n annex_v to_o the_o institution_n and_o as_o water_n in_o baptism_n without_o any_o substantial_a change_n make_v in_o that_o element_n may_v by_o the_o divine_a blessing_n accompany_v the_o institution_n be_v effectual_a to_o the_o wash_n away_o of_o sin_n and_o spiritual_a regeneration_n so_o there_o can_v no_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n be_v give_v why_o the_o element_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n in_o the_o lord_n supper_n may_v not_o by_o the_o same_o divide_v blessing_n accompany_v this_o institution_n make_v the_o worthy_a receiver_n partaker_n of_o all_o the_o spiritual_a comfort_n and_o benefit_n design_v to_o we_o thereby_o without_o any_o substantial_a change_n make_v in_o those_o element_n since_o our_o lord_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o very_o the_o flesh_n profit_v nothing_o so_o that_o if_o we_o can_v do_v so_o odd_a and_o strange_a a_o thing_n as_o to_o eat_v the_o very_a natural_a flesh_n and_o drink_v the_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n i_o do_v not_o see_v of_o what_o great_a advantage_n it_o will_v be_v to_o we_o than_o what_o we_o may_v have_v by_o partake_v of_o the_o symbol_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n as_o he_o have_v appoint_v in_o remembrance_n of_o he_o for_o the_o spiritual_a efficacy_n of_o the_o sacrament_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n receive_v suppose_v we_o receive_v what_o our_o lord_n appoint_v and_o receive_v it_o with_o a_o right_a preparation_n and_o disposition_n of_o mind_n but_o upon_o the_o supernatural_a blessing_n that_o go_v along_o with_o it_o and_o make_v it_o effectual_a to_o those_o spiritual_a end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v appoint_v the_o five_o and_o last_o pretend_v ground_n of_o this_o doctrine_n be_v to_o magnify_v the_o power_n of_o the_o priest_n in_o be_v able_a to_o work_v so_o great_a a_o miracle_n and_o this_o with_o great_a pride_n and_o pomp_n be_v often_o urge_v by_o they_o as_o a_o transcendent_a instance_n of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n to_o find_v out_o so_o admirable_a a_o way_n to_o raise_v the_o power_n and_o reverence_n of_o the_o priest_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a every_o day_n and_o as_o often_o as_o he_o please_v by_o repeat_v a_o few_o word_n to_o work_v so_o miraculous_a a_o change_n and_o as_o they_o love_v most_o absurd_o and_o blasphemous_o to_o speak_v to_o make_v god_n himself_o but_o this_o be_v to_o pretend_v to_o a_o power_n above_o that_o of_o god_n himself_o for_o he_o do_v not_o nor_o can_v make_v himself_o nor_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n as_o transubstantiation_n evident_o do_v in_o their_o pretend_v to_o make_v god_n for_o to_o make_v that_o which_o already_o be_v and_o to_o make_v that_o now_o which_o always_o be_v be_v not_o only_o vain_a and_o trifle_a if_o it_o can_v be_v do_v but_o impossible_a because_o it_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n and_o what_o if_o after_o all_o transubstantiation_n if_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o actual_o wrought_v by_o the_o priest_n will_v yet_o be_v no_o miracle_n for_o there_o be_v two_o thing_n necessary_a to_o a_o miracle_n that_o there_o be_v a_o supernatural_a effect_n wrought_v and_o that_o this_o effect_n be_v evident_a to_o sense_n so_o that_o though_o a_o supernatural_a effect_n be_v wrought_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v not_o evident_a to_o sense_n it_o be_v to_o all_o the_o end_n and_o purpose_n of_o a_o miracle_n as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o and_o can_v be_v no_o testimony_n or_o proof_n of_o any_o
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perfidiousness_n by_o secret_a plot_n and_o conspiracy_n or_o by_o open_a sedition_n and_o rebellion_n by_o a_o inquisition_n or_o massacre_n by_o depose_v and_o kill_v king_n by_o fire_n and_o sword_n by_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o country_n and_o betray_v it_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o foreigner_n and_o in_o a_o word_n by_o dissolve_v all_o the_o bond_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o subvert_v the_o peace_n and_o order_n of_o the_o world_n that_o be_v by_o all_o the_o wicked_a way_n imaginable_a do_v incite_v man_n to_o promote_v and_o advance_v their_o religion_n as_o if_o all_o the_o world_n be_v make_v for_o they_o and_o there_o be_v not_o only_a no_o other_o christian_n but_o no_o other_o man_n beside_o themselves_o as_o babylon_n of_o old_a proud_o vaunt_v i_o be_o and_o there_o be_v none_o beside_o i_o and_o as_o if_o the_o god_n who_o the_o christian_n worship_n be_v not_o the_o god_n of_o order_n but_o of_o confusion_n as_o if_o he_o who_o we_o call_v the_o father_n of_o 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