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A59105 The antiquities of Palmyra containing the history of the city, and its emperors, from its foundation to the present time : with an appendix of critical observations on the names, religion, and government of the country and a commentary on the inscriptions lately found there. Seller, Abednego, 1646?-1705. 1696 (1696) Wing S2448; ESTC R2998 159,551 445

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and_o herodes_n at_o least_o three_o as_o the_o coin_n express_o prove_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o odenathus_n wear_v the_o purple_a some_o time_n after_o gallienus_n declare_v he_o emperor_n before_o he_o assume_v herodes_n to_o be_v his_o copartner_n in_o his_o government_n leave_v his_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n by_o right_a to_o his_o grandson_n vaballathus_n append_v vid._n append_v but_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la to_o zenobia_n and_o her_o son_n herennianus_n and_o timolaus_n chap._n xvi_o o_o denathus_n be_v murder_v the_o same_o year_n that_o gallienus_n be_v slay_v but_o some_o time_n before_o he_o for_o anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 260_o valerian_n be_v take_v in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o which_o the_o persian_n manage_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o east_n according_a to_o their_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n valerian_n son_n and_o his_o copart'ner_n in_o the_o empire_n gallienus_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o maze_n of_o his_o vice_n and_o so_o devote_v to_o his_o pleasure_n that_o his_o name_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v in_o the_o army_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v forget_v he_o as_o entire_o as_o he_o have_v forget_v himself_o and_o all_o princely_a qualification_n for_o he_o rejoice_v at_o his_o father_n captivity_n which_o clad_v all_o rome_n in_o mourn_v and_o cover_v every_o wise_a man_n with_o tear_n and_o divert_v himself_o with_o stage-plays_a 182._o treb._n pol._n p._n 176_o 182._o horse-race_n and_o the_o combat_n of_o the_o gladiator_n in_o make_v himself_o bed_n of_o rose_n to_o wallow_v in_o in_o the_o summertime_n and_o bed_n of_o melon_n to_o gratify_v his_o palate_n in_o the_o winter_n in_o build_v castle_n of_o apple_n and_o other_o fruit_n and_o exercise_v his_o noble_a courage_n in_o attacking_z they_o in_o find_v out_o method_n how_o to_o preserve_v grape_n sound_a and_o untainted_a three_o year_n and_o wine_n always_o in_o the_o must_v fig_n always_o green_a and_o apple_n ripe_a in_o every_o month_n in_o the_o year_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v bear_v a_o slave_n to_o his_o belly_n and_o his_o pleasure_n he_o spend_v all_o his_o time_n in_o riot_n and_o luxury_n in_o wine_n and_o woman_n never_o will_v drink_v but_o out_o of_o a_o golden_a bowl_n despise_v glass_n because_o common_a and_o cheap_a and_o every_o time_n change_v his_o wine_n his_o concubine_n sit_v at_o the_o same_o table_n with_o he_o and_o at_o the_o next_o table_n to_o he_o his_o buffoon_n parasite_n and_o jester_n his_o clothes_n be_v foreign_a and_o different_a from_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o roman_a prince_n his_o predecessor_n his_o hair_n powder_v with_o gold_n and_o his_o head_n crown_v with_o ray_n while_o his_o most_o intimate_a privy-counseller_n be_v the_o roman_a lady_n and_o in_o this_o dissolute_a course_n he_o live_v till_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 264._o when_o odenathus_n undertake_v and_o revenge_v the_o quarrel_n and_o baffle_v and_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o formidable_a host_n in_o which_o year_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a the_o persian_a king_n enrage_v at_o his_o loss_n of_o honour_n spoil_n and_o conquer_a territory_n put_v valerian_n to_o death_n anno_fw-la 268_o odenathus_n be_v murder_v and_o the_o same_o year_n gallienus_n be_v slay_v for_o thus_o the_o 184._o the_o treb._n pol._n p._n 184._o historian_n state_n his_o account_n of_o time_n whereas_o valerian_n and_o his_o son_n reign_v fifteen_o year_n in_o the_o six_o valerian_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o the_o persian_n after_o which_o gallienus_n reign_v nine_o year_n some_o say_v ten_o for_o its_o certain_a that_o he_o celebrate_v his_o decennalia_fw-la at_o rome_n and_o after_o that_o overcome_v the_o goth_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o odenathus_n a_o agreement_n with_o aureolus_n and_o overcome_v posthumus_n and_o lollianus_n after_o which_o he_o be_v slay_v near_o milan_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o cerronius_n or_o cecropius_fw-la the_o general_n of_o the_o dalmatian_a troop_n what_o the_o quarrel_n be_v between_o gallienus_n and_o odenathus_n and_o upon_o what_o reason_n no_o historian_n that_o i_o know_v of_o give_v any_o account_n but_o perhaps_o the_o coin_n hint_n it_o for_o in_o those_o of_o gallienus_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 266_o a_o year_n and_o more_o before_o odenathus_n be_v murder_v there_o often_o occur_v pax_n augg._n concordia_fw-la augg._n with_o two_o right_a hand_n join_v it_o be_v true_a mezzobarba_n understand_v the_o inscription_n of_o the_o union_n between_o gallienus_n and_o the_o junior_a valerian_n but_o beside_o that_o valerian_n be_v not_o emperor_n till_o the_o next_o year_n after_o those_o coin_n be_v stamp_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 267_o as_o mezzobarba_n himself_o confess_v we_o never_o read_v of_o any_o dispute_n between_o they_o for_o the_o young_a valerian_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o excellent_a temper_n and_o modesty_n but_o a_o quarrel_n there_o be_v between_o odenathus_n and_o gallienus_n as_o trebellius_n pollio_n say_v express_o much_o less_o can_v i_o interpret_v the_o coin_n to_o have_v relation_n to_o valerian_n the_o father_n as_o mounseur_fw-fr patin_n do_v for_o long_o before_o this_o year_n valerian_n be_v a_o prisoner_n in_o persia_n and_o probable_o murder_v it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v great_a variety_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o age_n of_o valerian_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o adjust_a the_o precise_a time_n of_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n from_o rome_n and_o in_o a_o country_n at_o open_a war_n with_o the_o emperor_n which_o preclude_v all_o communication_n but_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o fix_v the_o time_n 1._o time_n tom._n 3._o pag._n 1._o mounseur_fw-fr tristan_n say_v express_o that_o valerian_n be_v bear_v an._n v.c._n 937._o anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 185_o and_o that_o he_o be_v murder_v a_o aet_fw-la 75_o christi_fw-la 260_o the_o very_a year_n in_o which_o he_o be_v make_v a_o prisoner_n but_o the_o whole_a assertion_n be_v precarious_a and_o build_v upon_o the_o wrong_a supposition_n that_o he_o live_v but_o 75_o year_n and_o be_v flay_v the_o very_a year_n in_o which_o he_o be_v take_v signior_n mezzobarba_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v slay_v a_o aet_fw-la 77._o but_o fix_v no_o year_n either_o from_o the_o building_n of_o rome_n or_o from_o our_o bless_a saviour_n birth_n the_o writer_n of_o the_o imperial_a history_n of_o those_o time_n say_v only_o in_o general_n that_o he_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n in_o the_o state_n of_o captivity_n while_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la common_o call_v the_o alexandrian_a allow_v he_o to_o have_v live_v but_o 61_o year_n but_o express_o affirm_v that_o he_o reign_v 14_o year_n and_o that_o he_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o persian_n when_o claudius_n and_o paternus_n be_v consul_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 268_o 9_o most_o of_o the_o old_a fasti_fw-la aver_v that_o valerian_n and_o gallienus_n reign_v 15_o year_n and_o so_o do_v trebellius_n pollio_n and_o that_o valerian_n be_v take_v by_o the_o persian_n gallieno_fw-la 7._o &_o sabinillo_n coss_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 266._o as_o idatius_n declare_v among_o all_o which_o writer_n there_o be_v great_a variety_n but_o little_a truth_n while_o its_o plain_a to_o i_o that_o valerian_n be_v alive_a when_o odenathus_n first_o take_v arm_n for_o his_o release_n and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v put_v to_o death_n the_o same_o year_n in_o which_o he_o be_v take_v 179._o pag._n 179._o trebellius_n pollio_n express_o affirm_v that_o odenathus_n exert_v his_o utmost_a vigour_n and_o attend_v to_o nothing_o else_o but_o that_o valerian_n may_v recover_v his_o liberty_n and_o the_o same_o author_n as_o express_o aver_v 184._o pag._n 184._o that_o valerian_n be_v dead_a before_o odenathus_n be_v murder_v the_o anger_n of_o god_n as_o he_o say_v appear_v visible_o against_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n in_o that_o after_o valerian_n be_v slay_v he_o will_v not_o suffer_v odenathus_n to_o live_v i_o be_o therefore_o of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o learned_a mounseur_fw-fr patin_n 405._o pag._n 405._o that_o as_o soon_o as_o sapores_fw-la have_v experiment_a to_o his_o cost_n the_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n of_o the_o king_n of_o palmyra_n and_o understand_v that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o restore_v the_o captive_a valerian_n to_o his_o liberty_n from_o a_o ignominious_a slavery_n then_o his_o rage_n transport_v he_o to_o that_o barbarous_a and_o inhuman_a act_n of_o cruelty_n a._n c._n 264_o and_o if_o we_o may_v credit_v the_o coin_n in_o goltzius_n he_o be_v deify_v after_o his_o death_n 70._o thesaur_n p._n 70._o but_o enough_o of_o this_o digression_n let_v we_o return_v to_o zenobia_n chap._n xvii_o septimia_n zenobia_n for_o so_o she_o be_v call_v and_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o her_o first_o name_n we_o be_v whole_o oblige_v to_o the_o coin_n be_v thus_o leave_v by_o her_o husband_n the_o empress_n of_o the_o east_n
be_v only_o a_o cover_n for_o notorious_a debauchery_n resolve_v to_o destroy_v all_o those_o place_n that_o be_v destine_v to_o the_o gratification_n of_o the_o flesh_n particular_o the_o famous_a temple_n of_o venus_n in_o phoenicia_n that_o on_o one_o part_n of_o the_o mount_n libanus_n near_o the_o top_n of_o it_o in_o aphaca_n a_o grove_n and_o temple_n have_v be_v consecrate_v to_o venus_n not_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o city_n or_o in_o the_o highway_n where_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o heathen_n prompt_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o build_v their_o temple_n but_o in_o a_o retire_a place_n remote_a from_o all_o town_n and_o public_a road_n where_o a_o school_n of_o lewdness_n be_v erect_v where_o effeminate_a man_n prostitute_v themselves_o to_o unnatural_a lust_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o daemon_n and_o the_o female_a sex_n lay_v aside_o all_o regard_n to_o modesty_n and_o religion_n devote_a themselves_o to_o gratify_v the_o irregular_a desire_n of_o all_o pretender_n they_o live_v without_o control_v or_o observation_n because_o no_o virtuous_a person_n dare_v approach_v the_o place_n till_o that_o illustrious_a prince_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o demolish_v the_o temple_n and_o so_o put_v a_o period_n to_o those_o abominable_a practice_n give_v the_o pagan_a inhabitant_n true_a notion_n of_o religion_n and_o chastity_n this_o say_v eusebius_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o that_o infamous_a temple_n but_o see_v the_o malice_n and_o disingenuity_n of_o a_o zealous_a heathen_a zosimus_n affirm_v that_o a_o miraculous_a fire_n hover_v over_o the_o place_n in_o his_o time_n and_o damascius_n tell_v strange_a story_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n isidor_n vit._n isidor_n in_o his_o day_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o flame_n the_o baetuli_n that_o frequent_o appear_v about_o mount_n libanus_n that_o the_o worship_n at_o aphaca_n be_v in_o use_n before_o marcus_n antoninus_n reign_n the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n demonstrate_v sup_n zosim_fw-la ubi_fw-la sup_n the_o solemn_a meeting_n there_o be_v annual_a the_o practice_n most_o execrable_a lust_n and_o luxury_n make_v a_o great_a figure_n in_o all_o their_o pretend_a religious_a ceremony_n especial_o in_o that_o country_n lucian_n himself_o aver_v that_o at_o byblus_n ult_n de_fw-fr syr._n p._n 658._o &_o ult_n a_o very_a little_a way_n from_o nacle_n the_o woman_n who_o refuse_v to_o cut_v their_o hair_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o solemn_a mourn_v for_o the_o death_n of_o adonis_n be_v oblige_v for_o a_o whole_a day_n to_o prostitute_v themselves_o to_o all_o stranger_n and_o whatever_o they_o get_v be_v to_o be_v spend_v in_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o venus_n aphaca_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n say_v zosimus_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o eusebius_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n there_o be_v many_o city_n of_o that_o denomination_n in_o syria_n hebr._n euseb_n de_fw-fr loc_fw-fr hebr._n one_o belong_v to_o the_o tribe_n of_o juda_n another_o to_o the_o tribe_n of_o asher_n a_o three_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o amorites_n a_o four_o a_o city_n of_o syria_n but_o other_o with_o great_a probability_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n be_v nacle_n and_o of_o the_o well_o aphaca_n so_o say_v suidas_n express_o 〈◊〉_d v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o the_o authority_n of_o christodorus_n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o nacle_n or_o naclis_n a_o book_n which_o if_o extant_a will_v have_v much_o illustrate_v this_o part_n of_o our_o history_n that_o it_o stand_v near_o heliopolis_n and_o that_o the_o rite_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o print_a copy_n be_v there_o perform_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o lexicographer_n inform_v 〈◊〉_d etymol_n m._n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o be_v a_o syriack_n word_n in_o the_o arabic_a it_n signify_v praeputium_fw-la or_o vinculum_fw-la and_o that_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o render_v such_o a_o word_n into_o greek_a it_o signify_v 〈◊〉_d signify_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hence_o probable_o in_o hesychius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d embrace_n venus_n in_o that_o place_n embrace_v her_o darling_n adonis_n and_o probable_o nacle_n have_v a_o like_a signification_n chap._n v._o a_o accounu_n of_o vaballathus_n have_v in_o the_o forego_n history_n aver_v that_o vaballathus_n be_v not_o the_o son_n of_o odenathus_n as_o the_o generality_n of_o writer_n have_v attest_v but_o the_o grandson_n of_o that_o heroic_a prince_n as_o mounseur_fw-fr tristan_n and_o f._n harduin_n have_v affirm_v i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v my_o reason_n for_o my_o opinion_n the_o roman_a and_o greek_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n be_v either_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o he_o as_o i_o think_v trebellius_n pollio_n zosimus_n and_o other_o be_v or_o mistake_v in_o his_o pedigree_n as_o vopiscus_n who_o be_v the_o only_a author_n who_o mention_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o odenathus_n have_v grandson_n before_o he_o assume_v the_o purple_a 88_o trans_fw-la p._n 88_o appear_v to_o i_o very_o plain_a from_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n where_o septimius_n odenathus_n the_o same_o i_o believe_v with_o the_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n at_o that_o time_n a_o man_n of_o the_o illustrious_a senatorian_a order_n and_o dignity_n build_v a_o monument_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o nephew_n or_o grandson_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o those_o nephew_n can_v not_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o herennianus_n and_o timolaus_n the_o son_n of_o zenobia_n be_v to_o i_o undoubted_a because_o at_o their_o father_n death_n they_o be_v very_o young_a say_v the_o roman_a historian_n zenobia_n 180._o trebel_n pol._n p._n 180._o quòd_fw-la parvuli_fw-la essent_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la supererant_fw-la herennianus_n &_o timolaus_n ipsa_fw-la suscepit_fw-la imperium_fw-la and_o therefore_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o son_n of_o herodes_n or_o herodianus_n who_o odenathus_n beget_v on_o a_o former_a wife_n and_o for_o these_o reason_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o inscription_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o deduce_v the_o line_n of_o that_o family_n after_o the_o follow_a manner_n nasorus_n vaballathus_n airanes_n septimius_n odenathus_n n._n his_o first_o wife_n athenaeus_n herodes_n septimius_n airanes_n hermias_n vaballathus_n septimia_n zenobia_n his_o second_o wife_n herennia●●●_n timolaus_n daughter_n marry_v at_o rome_n to_o person_n of_o the_o senatorian_a dignity_n their_o child_n at_o rome_n a._n c._n 400._o i_o have_v be_v encourage_v to_o believe_v that_o odenathus_n in_o the_o inscription_n be_v the_o same_o person_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n from_o his_o prae-nomen_a septimius_n which_o can_v just_o be_v presume_v to_o have_v be_v use_v in_o the_o east_n before_o the_o first_o emperor_n of_o that_o name_n make_v his_o inroad_n into_o persia_n now_o septimius_n severus_n die_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 211_o before_o which_o time_n odenathus_n may_v well_o presume_a to_o have_v be_v bear_v be_v murder_v ann._n chr._n 26⅞_n and_o i_o have_v give_v he_o a_o second_o son_n from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o inscription_n where_o septimius_n airanes_n 99_o pag._n 99_o a_o man_n of_o the_o consular_a dignity_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o odenathus_n the_o date_n of_o the_o ininscription_n confirm_v it_o viz._n a.c._n 253._o i_o have_v also_o adventure_v upon_o adjust_v the_o pedigree_n of_o his_o ancestor_n from_o the_o same_o inscription_n 88_o pag._n 88_o where_o septimius_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o airanes_n the_o grandson_n of_o vaballathus_n the_o great-grandson_n of_o nasorus_n according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o arab_n who_o usual_o reckon_v their_o descent_n after_o that_o manner_n for_o i_o can_v think_v airanes_n to_o be_v the_o prae-nomen_a of_o 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