policie after but this many-headed serpent which could not in the shel be killed much lesse in his riper growth could be reformed Those foure Doctors aforesaid emulous of each other intending their owne priuate ends sowed the seeds then which fructifie in their venemous multiplication till this day Hali or Halli was Author of the Sect Imemia which was embraced of the Persians Indians and of many Arabians and the Gelbines of Africa Ozimen or Odmen began the Sect Baanesia or Xefaia and hath in diuers Countries his followers Homar founded the Anesia followed of the Turkes Syrians and in Zahara in Afrike Ebocar otherwise called Ebuber or Abubequer taught the Sect Melchia generally possessing Arabia and Africa These are holden as Saints in the Saracene Kalender as Scaliger testifieth who had one in Semiarabike and Persian wherein ouer against the 27. of December was written the death of Phetima she was the daughter of Muhamed God haue mercy on her Against the 10. of Ianuary the death of Abu-Boker God haue mercy on him and so of the rest Against the 16. of Nouember the beginning of the fast Caphar so they call the Christians on the 25. of December the birth of Iesus On the 17. of Ianuary the birth of Moses Which I mention to shew what honor they ascribe to them or rather that dishonor which in this cōfusion of light with darknes the Prince of darknes in the form of an Angel of light doth vnto them Frō these 4. in proces of time arose other 68. Sects of name besides other pedling factions of smaller reckoning Amongst the rest the Morabites haue bin famous liuing for the most part as Heremites and professing a morall Philosophie with principles different from the Alcoran One of these not many yeers since shewing the name of Mahomet in his brest there imprinted with Aqua fortis or some such like matter raised by a great number of Arabians in Afrike laid siege to Tripolis where being betraied by one of his Captaines his skin was sent for a present to the grand Signior These Morobites affirm that when Hali fought he killed a 100000. Christiās with one stroke of his sword which was a 100. cubits in length The Cobtini are a sect ridiculous One of them shewed himselfe riding in the Country of Algier on a Reed reyned and bridled as a horse much honoured for that on this Horse this Asse had as he said rid an 100. leagues in one night R. Moses Aegyptius writeth of two Sects of Moores the one called Seperatists the other Intelligents or Vnderstanders both followed in their opinions by many Iewes These later were of opinion that nothing in the world commeth to passe by chance or accident neither in generall nor particular but all are disposed by the will and intent of God as well the fall of a leafe as the death of a man The Seperatists in a contrary extreme allow to man and beast a freedome and that God rewardeth all creatures according to their merits or demerits his prouidence extending it selfe to the fall of the leaues to the way of the Ants if one be borne defectiue it is better for him then if he had bin perfect and so if any aduersitie befall him for his reward shal be the greater in the world to com yea the beast which is slaughtered the Ants Flea or Louse shall not lose his reward from the Creator the Mouse also which hath not sinned is killed of the Cat shall there be recompenced Now beasts pray for their soules and Fleas and Lice prey vpon their bodies which hatched this beastly lousie Diuinitie The Intelligent beleeueth that it is conuenient that men be punished in this life and for euer in hell because the Creator would the Seperatist thinketh that vniust and that whatsoeuer is punished in this life shall be rewarded in the next because such is the Creators wisdome Neither may we beleeue the Rabbine who reciting 5. differing opinions concerning the prouidence of God first of the Epicures which exclude it wholly secondly of Aristotle that it descended not beneath the Moon thirdly of the Intelligents fourthly of the Seperatists fiftly his own which he attributeth to the law of Moses that euery man hath free-wil and all good befals him in reward al euil for punishmēt what measure any man meteth shal be measured to him again but for other creatures beasts plants and their operations as of a spider catching a fly the like he attributeth with Aristotle vnto chance not to diuine prouidence which he appropriateth in things below vnto man These opinions he ascribeth that of Aristotle to Iob that of the Seperatists to Bildad that of Sophar to the Intelligents that of Eliphaz is the same with his own then let him with Eliphaz sacrifice to exipiate it I. Leo. l. 3. writeth that one Elefacin had written at large of the Mahumetan sects of which he reckoneth 72. principall which agreeth with our former number euery one accounting his owne to be good and true in which a man may attaine saluation And yet Leo there addeth that in this age there are not found aboue two One is that of Leshari which in all Turkie Arabia and Africa is embraced the other Imamia currant in Persia and Corosan of which in his proper place more So that by Leo's iudgement all which follow the rule Leshari or Hashari are Catholike Mahumetans although of these the same Author affirmes that in Cairo and all Egypt are foure Religions different from each other in Spirituall or Ecclesiastical Ceremonies and also concerning their Ciuill and Canon Law all founded on the Mahumetan Scripture in times past by foure learned men diuersly construing the generall rules to such particulars as seemed to them fitter for their followers who disagreeing in opinion agree in affection and conuerse together without hatred or vpbraiding each other As for those other Sects it seemeth that they are for the most part long since vanished and those differences which remaine consist rather in diuersitie of rule and order of profession then in differing Sects and Heresies of Religion except in some few which yet remaine of which Leo thus reporteth Fourescore yeeres after Mahumet one Elhesenibu Ahilhasen gaue certaine rules to his Disciples contrarie to the Alcoran principles but writ nothing About a hundred yeeres after Elharit Ibnu Esed of Bagaded writ a booke vnto his Disciples condemned by the Calipha and Canonists But about fourescore yeeres after that another great Clerke reuiued the same doctrine and had many followers yet hee and they were therefore condemned to death But obtaining to haue triall of his opinions by disputation he ouerthrew his Aduersaries the Mahometane Lawyers and the Califa fauoured the said Sect and erected Monasteries for them Their Sect continued till Malicsah of the Nation of the Turkes persecuted the same But twenty yeeres after it was againe renewed and one Elgazzuli a learned man
bed of gold a table cups and vessells of the same metall with store of garments and furniture set with iewells Certain Magi were appointed to attend it with daily allowance of a sheepe and once a moneth a horse for sacrifice His Epitaph was O man I am CYRVS King of Asia Founder of the Persian Empire therefore enuy me not a Sepulchre Alexander opened the same in hope of gold but found nothing sauing a rotten shield a sword and two Scythian bowes he crowned it with gold and couering it with his owne apparell departed These things Strabo Arrianus and Curtius report §. III. Of the succeeding Monarchs vntill ALEXANDERS Conquest NExt to Cambyses succeeded for a small time one Smerdis which was slaine as an Vsurper by the seuen Princes and Darius the sonne of Hystaspes succeeded designed to that greatnesse by the first neighing of his horse For when no male issue Royall was left these Princes agreed That meeting in a place appointed he whose horse first neighed should be acknowledged Emperor Darius his horse-keeper the night before had suffered his horse there to vse his brutish lust with a Mare which the place presently causing him to remember he there by his lustfull neighing aduanced his Master to the Scepter Darius for his couetousnesse first exacting tribute was called a Merchant Cambyses a Lord Cyrus a Father of his people Babylon rebelled and was recouered by the costly stratagem of Zopyrus who cut off his nose and eares and fleeing in that deformed plight to the Babylonians accused Darius of that crueltie Ctesias telleth this of Megabyzus They beleeuing entertained him and knowing his Nobilitie and Prowesse committed their Citie to his fidelitie which he vpon the next opportunitie betraied to his Master Darius warred against the Scythians but vnfortunately His Army was of 700000. men After Darius his death Xerxes reigned whom Scaliger proueth to bee Assuerus the husband of Esther This Esther is by some thought to be Amestris whom the Ethnike writers blame for crueltie moued haply thereto by the execution committed vpon Haman and the Iewish enemies in the booke of Esther related They adde perhaps in slander and hatred that shee killed fourteene children in one bloudie vow and other things which I will not rehearse but returne to Xerxes He made league with the Carthaginians warred vpon the Grecians with an Armie as Herodotus numbreth of 1700000. foot-men 80000. horse-men 20000. Chariot-men Others say That there were 2317000. foot-men in land-forces besides 1208. ships Ctesias hath only 800000. men besides Chariots and 1000. sayle of ships Before the Army was drawne the sacred Chariot of Iupiter by eight white horses no mortall man might ascend the Seat Hee offered to Minerua at Troy 1000. oxen He taking view of his huge Army wept in thinking that of all that number in a hundred yeeres none would be aliue At the passing of the Hellespontike straits he besides other deuotions performed at the Sun-rising took a golden Viall full of sacred liquor and cast the same into the Sea with a golden Bowle a Persian Sword vncertaine whether in honour of the Sun or in satisfaction to the angry Hellespont which a little before in more then madde arrogance he had caused to be whipped and hurled fetters therein with many menacing threats Hee wrote letters with like threatnings to Mount Athos and accordingly pierced his bowells and made way by force thorow that high and huge Mountaine This Expedition was in the yeere of the World 3470. Leonides with his Spartans enlarged his glory at the Thermopylaean straits or narrow passage which a long time with a handfull of men hindred the Persians from passing Mardonius was slaine and Xerxes fled out of Greece after hee had taken Athens and lost great part of his Army which in two yeeres space receiued fiue ouerthrowes at Thermopylae at Artemisium at Salamis at Plataeae at Mycale Xerxes being slaine of Artabanus his kinsman A. M. 3485. Artaxerxes succeeded in whose time Egypt rebelled helped therein by Inarus and the Grecians Among other the mad parts of Xerxes it is reported That he fell in loue with a Plane tree in Lydie which hee adorned with chaines and costly furniture and appointed a Guardian thereto Artaxerxes writ to Hystanes Gouernour of Hellespontus That hee should giue Hippocrates Cous who then liued and whose writings still remaine the Physicians Oracles as much gold and other things as hee would and send him vnto him In his time the Egyptians rebelled and created Inarus their King to whom the Athenians sent three hundred Gallies for defence but by Artabazus and Megabyzus they were subdued Artaxerxes dyed An. M. 3525. After this Artaxerxes surnamed Long-hand another Xerxes succeeded and reigned a small time as did also Sogdianus or Ogdianus or so Ctesias calleth him Secyndianus whom Darius Nothus slew and possessed the Throne Ctesias nameth him Ochus and saith that hee changed his name to Dariaeus In the time of this King was the Peloponnesian Warre which Thucydides hath related Artaxerxes Mnemon his sonne succeeded An. M. 3545. He slew his brother Cyrus Ctesias was there present with Artaxerxes whom hee cured of a wound giuen him on the brest by Cyrus with whom was then present and partaker that great Philosopher Captaine and Historian hereof Xenophon Artaxerxes was a name giuen as some write to all the Persian Kings it signifieth a great Warrior as Brisson and Drusius obserue This Mnemon reigned fortie yeeres After his death succeeded Ochus and reigned three and twentie yeeres Next to him was Arses or Arsames and last of all Darius whom Alexander ouerthrew the second time at Arbela An. M. 3619. conquered that Persian Monarchy to the Macedonians Of the Macedonian successors of Alexander so much as concerneth this place is before handled in our Syrian relation They were depriued of these parts by Arsaces of whom all his Parthian followers euen now ye haue read in the Chapters of Parthia §. IIII. Of the Persian Chronologie COncerning these Persian Kings Chronologers after their wont differ not a little Master Liuely hath taken great paines in this Argument besides the painefull labours of Scaliger Iunius and many others both Rabbins and Greekes and Latines in whose streames Elephants may swim and the greatest Students may finde enough to busie their studious braines for mee it is sufficient to taste or at least to enter so farre as a Lambe may safely wade without perill of drowning The Hebrewes through ignorance of the Olympiades and humane Authors where they are destitute of their owne are most absurd some reckoning but foure Persian Kings in all till Alexanders time some account fiue and some three Against these Pererius and Temporarius most sharpely and not vnworthily enueigh as also against their Chronicles which ascribe to the Persians from the first yeere of Darius the Mede but two and fiftie yeeres Iosephus better seene in Ethnike Authors dissenteth
made them distastfull and this also which the Learned often obiect to these Sectaries that the King and Princes which first gaue way hereto died violently and miserably and fell into publike calamities Yet hath it euen to these times in diuers vicissitudes encreased and decreased and many Bookes haue beene thereof written which contayne many difficulties inextricable to themselues Their Temples are many and sumptuous in which huge monstrous Idols of Brasse Marble Wood and Earth are to be seene with Steeples adioyning of stone or timber and therein exceeding great Bells and other ornaments of great price Their Priests are called Osciami They continually shaue their heads and beards contrary to the Countrey custome Some of them goe on Pilgrimages others liue an austere life on Hills or in Caues and the most of them which amount to two or three millions liue in Cloysters of their reuenues and almes and somewhat also of their owne industrie These Priests are accounted the most vile and vicious in the Kingdome being of the baser raskalitie sold when they are children by their parents to the elder Priests of slaues made Disciples and succeeding their Masters in Sect and Stipend few voluntarily adioyning themselues to these Cloysterers Neither doe they affect more liberall learning nor abstayne but perforce from disauowed Luxurie Their Monasteries are diuided into diuers Stations according to their greatnesse in euery Station is one perpetuall Administrator with his slaue-Disciples which succeed him therein Superiour in the Monasterie they acknowledge none but euery one builds as many Cells or Chambers as he is able which they let out to strangers for great gaine that their Monasteries may be esteemed publike Innes wherein men may quietly lodge or follow their businesse without any explication of their Sects They are hired also by many to Funerall Solemnities and to other Rites in which wilde Beasts Birds or Fishes are made free and let loose the seuerer Sectaries buying them to this meritorious purpose In our times this Sect much flourisheth and hath many Temples erected and repaired many Eunuches women and of the rude vulgar embracing the same There are some Professors called Ciaicum that is Fasters which liue in their owne houses all their life abstayning from Fish and Flesh and with certaine set prayers worship a multitude of Idols at home but not hard to be hired to these deuotions at other mens houses In these Monasteries women also doe liue separated from men which shaue their heads and reiect Marriage These Nunnes are there called Nicu. But these are but few in comparison of the men One of the learned Sect famous in the Court relinquished his place in the Colledge and shaued his haire wrote many Bookes against the Confutians but being complayned of the King commanded hee should be punished which hee punished further on himselfe with cutting his owne throat Whereupon a Libell or Petition was put vp to the King against the Magistrates which relinquished Confutius and became of this Sect the King notwithstanding all the Queenes Eunuches and his Kindred are of this Sect made answere That such should goe into the Desarts and might bee ashamed of their Robes Hence followed orders That whosoeuer in his Writings mentioned an Idoll except by way of Confutation should be vncapable of degrees in Learning which caused much alteration in Religion for many of this Sect had preuayled much in Court and elsewhere Amongst the rest one Thacon was so honoured of the chiefe Queene that shee worshipped daily his garment because it was not lawfull for himselfe to enter the Palace but dealt by Eunuches One libelled to the King against him but had no answere which is the Kings fashion when he denies or disallowes it which made him more insolent But being suspected for a Libell made against the King and some writings in zeale of his Idols against the King being found he was beaten to death howling in his torments which before had vanted a Stoicall Apathie The other Sect-masters were banished the Court §. V. Of the third Sect Lauzu THeir third Sect is named Lauzu of a certaine Philosopher which liued in the same age with Confutius They fable that he was fourescore yeeres in his mothers wombe before his birth and therefore call him Lauzu that is old Philosopher He left no booke written of his Sect nor seemes to haue intended any such institution But his Sectaries called him after his death Tausa and haue fathered on him their opinions whereof they haue written many elegant bookes These also liue single in their Monasteries buying Disciples liuing as vile and vicious as the former They shaue not their haire but weare it like the Lay-men sauing that they haue a Hat or Cap of wood There are others married which at their owne houses professe greater austeritie and recite ouer set prayers They affirme That amongst other Idols they also worship the God of Heauen but corporeall and to whom their Legends tell that many indignities haue happened The King of Heauen which now raigneth they call Ciam he which raigned before was Leu who on a time came riding to the Earth on a white Dragon Him did Ciam who was a Diuinor giue entertainment and whiles Leu was at his good cheere mounted vp his Dragon which carried him to heauen there seized on the heauenly Royaltie and shut out Leu who yet at last was admitted to the Lordship of a certaine Mountaine in that Kingdom Thus they professe their god to bee a coozener and vsurper Besides this King of Heauen they faine another threefold Deitie one of which they say was the head of their Lauzu sect They promise to theirs Paradise which they shall enioy both in bodie and soule and in their Temples haue pictures of such as haue the Images of such Saints To obtaine this they prescribe certaine exercises which consist in diuers postures of sitting certaine prayers and medicines by which they promise to the obseruers through their gods fauour an immortall life in Heauen at least a longer mortall in the bodie The Priests of this Sect haue a peculiar Office of casting out Deuils which they do by two meanes one is to paint horrible shapes of Deuill in yellow paper with inke to be fastned on the walls and then fill the house with such sauage clamors that themselues might be thought to be Deuils the other is by certaine prayers or coniurations They professe also a power of faire weather and soule and other priuate and publike misfortunes : and some of them seeme to be Witches These Priests reside in the Kings Temples of Heauen and Earth and assist at the Kings sacrifices whether by himselfe performed or his Deputie Magistrates and thereby acquire great authoritie At these sacrifices they make musicke of all sorts which China yeeldeth harshed Europaean eares They are called likewise to Funeralls to which they come in precious Vestments playing on Musical Instruments They assist also at the consecrations of new Churches and
They are very resolute people and dread no attempt which the King shall enioyne them bee it neuer so dangerous All the race of this King Ballomboam was rased and vtterly destroyed by the Passaruan after a long siege which warre was begun in the blood of the King of Ballamboams Daughter whom he slew as is before said and added this Drunkennesse vnto his thirst Iortam or Ioartam contayneth about a thousand Housholds The Inhabitants are Ethnikes and haue their Temples in Woods to which they resort to say and doe their Holies at noone before their deformed Diuell-formed Pagodes In this Citie dwelleth the chiefe Pope or heigh Priest of that Superstition whose authoritie is great in all those parts Hee was a hundred and twentie yeeres old and had many Wiues which nourished him with their milke being not able to take other sustenance a deadly enemie to the Christians whom the King did yet with some priuiledges fauour Edmund Scot writeth That they vse in Bantam martiall Law Adulterie is death The free Iauan must to euery wife keepe ten women-slaues which are their Concubines also some keepe fortie but they may haue but three Wiues They are proud and by this multitude of Slaues poore cruell and cowardly Their Crisses or Daggers are two foot long waued Indenture-fashion and poysoned that few escape The vulgar sort haue little Religion but many pray to the Diuell whom for that end they haue painted in their houses and set Wax Candles and sing before them for feare of hurt which they doe not to God because of his goodnesse The most of their worke is to carue stickes for their Crisse-handles They are Couzeners Theeues Idle Gluttons take Betele Opium Tobacco They haue diuers Sects yet most are in manner Atheists Many Chinois dwell there Some thinke that if they bee good they shall be borne againe after death to great riches and that wicked men shall bee turned into Toades or other vgly beasts Euery New Moone they burne Sacrifices and sing ouer them certayne Prayers in the meane while tinging a Bell which at the end of euery Prayer they ring out which is also their Passing-Bell Ceremonie when any are readie to die They furnish their Altars with Goats Hennes Duckes sometimes raw and sometimes ready dressed all which they eate onely certaine papers painted and cut out in curious workes they burne Many of them haue some skill in Astronomie They keepe no Sabbath but what day they begin any great worke they after keepe holy They haue South-sayers which sometimes runne vp and downe the streets like mad-men with swords in their hands tearing their hayre and throwing themselues against the ground Chinois cut not their haire for then they may not returne to China They buy Slaues and get Children of them which they carrie with them to China but sell the Mother The * Moores if they be Great men haue Moschees in their owne houses they haue one great one in the Citie Forreiners whereof are many from many places inhabite the Suburbes They buy by night distilled Wines of the Chinois and drinke it secretly being forbidden it by their Mahumetane Law It was about the yeere 1560. that this people became of that Sect The men and women passe their time day and night in much sloath dalliance and chewing Betele Epicuri de grege porci CHAP. XVII Of Samatra and Zeilan SAmatra is esteemed by some the greatest of the Easterne Ilands stretching it selfe almost seuen hundred miles in length in bredth aboue two hundred The Ayre is not very wholsome by reason of the situation vnder the Line and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers whereout the Sun drinketh more then hee can well concoct and therefore as it were belcheth out heere continually such crude and vndigested vapours Their food is Millet Rice Sagu and Fruits Their riches are Pepper Ginger Cassia Silke Benioyn Gold Tinne Iron c. The Kingdome of Campa yeeldeth Trees whose pith or marrow is Aloe which is prized in India at the like weight some say of Gold the Barke is called Aquila In the Sea-coast they are Moores in Religion and so haue been about these last two hundred yeeres vp within Land they are Pagans and in many places as in the Kingdomes of Andragiri and Aru they are Man-eaters They were diuided before the Portugals entred India into nine and twentie Kingdomes whereof the chiefe was Pedir after that Pacem and now Acem For Abram sometime a Slaue since King of Acem hath conquered almost all the North part of the Iland and with helpe from the Turke and the Arabians distresseth sometimes the affaires of Malacca This King gaue in marriage with his Daughter to the King of Ior a Peece of Ordnance such as for greatnesse length and workmanship can hardly bee matched in all Christendome Heere is a Hill called Balaluanus which continually burneth and a Fountaine as is reported which runneth pure Balsome Some thinke that this was Chersonesus Aurea of the Ancients Galuanus writeth That the Bacas or Man-eaters in the Mountaines of Samatra gild their teeth and esteeme the flesh of blacke people sweeter then of the white The flesh of their Kine Buffes and Hennes is as blacke as Inke They say that there are certaine people there called Daraqui Dara which haue tayles like to Sheepe Heere is said also to grow a Tree the juyce whereof is strong poyson and if it touch the blood of a man killeth him but if a man drinke of it it is a soueraigne Antidote As for those tayled-people a slander by Beckets Legend reported of some Kentish-men iniurious to that angrie Saint and after applyed to our whole Nation many indeed esteeming the English to bee tayled Galuano affirmeth That the King of Tidore told him that in the Ilands of Batto-China there were some which had tayles hauing also a thing like vnto a dugge betweene their coddes out of the which there came Milke Nicoli di Conti saith in his time the Samatrans were all Gentiles and the Man-eaters amongst them vsed the skuls of their eaten enemies in stead of money exchanging the same for their necessaries and he was accounted the richest man which had most of those skuls in his house In Vertomannus time they had money in Pedir marked on the one side with a Diuell on the other with a Chariot drawne with Elephants Their Religion hee saith is the same with those of Tarnassari burning their Wiues in like manner The inhabitants are cunning Artificers Merchants and Saylers their Ships haue at each end a Prow which with maruellous agilitie they can dispose forwards or backwards making vse of the same according to the diuersitie of Wind and Channell which there are very changeable In Acem are Mesquits of Timber and Reed with Vessels of water at the entrie for them to wash according to the Arabian custome The King comes little abroad nor may any goe to him except he be sent for
circumcised Both sexes are circumcised at eight dayes old and the males fortie dayes after the females fourescore vnlesse sicknesse hasten the same are baptized As for the rites of their Christianitie it belongeth not to this place to expresse Their circumcision Zabo saith is not obserued as if it made them more worthy then other Christians for they thinke to bee saued onely by Faith They vse this and distinctions of meates and Mosaicall rites yet so as he that eateth should not despise him that eateth not and not condemning others that refuse them but yet thinking that neither Christ nor the Apostles nor the Primitiue Church had disannulled them interpreting also the Scriptures to their purpose Of their agreeing with other Churches in the most points of substance the Author of the Catholike Traditions hath written and when I make a Christian Visitation of these parts it shall bee further discouered The succession is not tyed to the eldest but to him whom the father appointeth For Dauid which sent his Embassage to Portugall was the third sonne in order and for modestie in refusing to sit in his fathers Throne which in the same triall his other brethren had accepted was preferred to that which he had refused the other reiected for their forward acceptation The King offered the King of Portugall an hundred thousand drammes of gold and as many Souldiers towards the subduing of the Moores besides other things meete for the warre It seemes the difference of the Ethiopian and Popish superstition was the chiefe hinderance in this businesse neither partie being able if willing to reconcile their long-receiued differences from each other and the truth Eugenius the Pope and the King then named The Seed of Iacob had written to each other and Aluarez yeelded obedience to the Pope in the name of the Prete at Bologna in the presence of Pope Clement the seuenth and Charles the fift But all this sorted to none effect For Pope Paul the fourth sent an Ambassage to Claudius then the Abassine Emperour employing in the same thirteene Iesuites one of which was made Patriarke and two Bishops in their hopefull Ethiopian Hierarchie Ignatius the Founder of the Iesuites wrote a long Letter also which Maffaeus and Iarric haue inserted at large Thus in the yeere 1555. Iohn the third King of Portugall vndertooke the charges to conuey them thither and sent Consaluus Roterigius to prepare them way by a former Ambassage to Claudius whose eares hee found fast closed to such motions Whereupon the new Patriarke stayed at Goa and Ouiedus one of the Bishops with a Priest or two went thither where when they came they found Claudius slaine and his brother Adamas a cruell man and an Apostata sometimes from his Faith in the Throne Hee cast the new Bishop into bands and drew him into the warres with him where the Emperour was discomfited and he taken and stripped of all and at last miserably dyed and with him the hope of Romish Abassia Iohn Nounius Barretus the designed Patriarke refused as Maffaeus saith the Archbishoprick of Goa where his brother was Vice-roy and remayned subiect to the Iesuiticall Societie to his death In the yeere 1559. Ioannes Bermudesius returned to Lisbone He wrote a discourse of his Ambassage from the Ethiopian Emperour to Iohn the third King of Portugall and of his aduentures in those parts befallen him In which he relateth that Abuna Marcos being at the point of death An. 1535. the Emperour willed him to nominate his Successor whereupon hee appointed this Bermudez and ordered him with all sacred Orders which hee accepted vpon condition of the Popes confirmation whereto the Emperour consented desiring him to goe to Rome to giue obedience to the Pope and from thence to Portugall to conclude Tagazano so he calleth him his Ambassage Paul the third confirmed him Patriarke of Alexandria Hee apprehended Tagazano as Onadinguel enioyned and clapt Irons on him His Emperours request was a marriage to be had with the Kings sonne of Portugall the Ethiopian succession to remayne his Dowrie also to send men against Zeila and Pioners to cut thorow a Hill thereby to bring Nilus to annoy Egypt Foure hundred and fiftie were sent accordingly by Garcia of Noronya But Onadinguel was dead and Gradeus was Emperour who ouer-threw the Moores and slue the Kings of Zeila and of Aden This Emperour fell out with the Portugals and sent to Alexandria for another Abuna whose name was Ioseph so that none acknowledged Bermudez but the Portugals Sabellicus saith hee had conference with some Ethiopians which said that their Lord ruled ouer threescore and two Kings They called him Gyam which signifieth Mightie They wondered why the Italians called him a Priest seeing hee neuer receiued Orders onely he bestowed Benefices and is neither called Iohn nor Ianes but Gyam Some report of him things incredible as one Web an English man in his Tales of his Trauels Hee hath gold enough shut vp in a Caue to buy the moytie of the world as L. Regius affirmeth and can rayse an Armie of ten hundred thousand saith Sabellicus Yet the Pesants are not employed in militarie seruice but onely the Cauas which are men brought vp thereto They warre not in the Lent except against themselues with extremitie of fasting so weakning their bodies that the Moores make that their Haruest of Abissine captiues Of this their fasting Aluares saith that they begin their Lent ten dayes before vs and after Candlemasse fast three dayes in remembrance of Niniuehs repentance many Friars in that space eating nothing and some women refusing to suckle their children aboue once a day Their generall fast is bread and water for fish is not easily had they being farre from Sea and ignorant to take it Some Friars eate no bread all Lent long for deuotion some not in a whole yeere or in their whole life but feede on herbes without oile or salt that I speake not of their girdles of Iron and other their hardships which my pen would willingly expresse if my method forbade mee not This fasting as exposing their State to hostile inuasions and insolencies may finde place and mention here Their Friars and Priests in Lent eate but once in two dayes and that in the night Queene Helena that sent her Ambassadour to King Emanuel was reported to eate but three times a weeke on Tuesday Thursday and Saturday On Sundayes they fast not In Tigray and Tigremahon they fast neither Saturday nor Sunday and they marry because they haue two moneths priuiledge from fasting on Thursday before our Shrouetide They that are rich may there marry three wiues and the Iustice forbids them not onely they are excommunicated from entring the Church Some affirme that the Princes of Egypt haue time out of minde payed to Prester Iohn a great tribute continued by the Turkes which Luys saith is three hundred thousand Zequis euery Zequi being sixteene
they after obtained Eusebius in the first booke of his Chronicle attributeth the originall of Idolatry to Serug the Father of Nahor Beda saith In the daies of Phaleg Temples were built and the Princes of Nations adored for gods The same hath Isidore Epiphanius referreth it to Serug and addeth That they had not grauen Images of Wood or Metall but pictures of men and Thara the Father of Abraham was the first Author of Images The like hath Suidas Hugo de S. Victore saith Nimrod brought men to idolatrie and caused them to worship the fire because of the fiery nature and operation of the Sun which errour the Chaldaeans afterwards followed These times till Abram they called Scythismus The reason of their Idolatrie Eusebius alleageth That they thus kept remembrance of their Warriours Rulers and such as had atchieued noblest enterprises and worthiest exploits in their life time Their posteritie ignorant of that their scope which was to obserue their memorials which had been Authors of good things and because they were their forefathers worshipped them as heauenly Deities and sacrificed to them Of their God-making or Canonization this was the manner In their sacred Bookes or Kallenders they ordained That their names should bee written after their death and a Feast should be solemnized according to the same time saying That their soules were gone to the Isles of the blessed and that they were no longer condemned or burned with fire These things lasted to the dayes of Thara who saith Suidas was an Image-maker and propounded his Images made of diuers matter as gods to be worshipped but Abram broke his Fathers Images From Saruch the Author and this Practice Idolatry passed to other Nations Suidas addeth specially into Greece for they worshipped Hellen a Gyant of the posterity of Iapheth a partner in the building of the Tower Not vnlike to this we reade the causes of Idolatry in the booke of Wisdome supposed to be written by Philo but because the substance is Salomons professing and bearing his name which of all the Apochrypha-Scripture sustaineth least exception attaineth highest commendation When a Father mourned grieuously for his sonne that was taken away suddenly he made an Image for him that was once dead whom now he worshippeth as a God and ordained to his seruants Ceremonies and Sacrifices A second cause hee alleageth viz. The tyrannie of men whose Images they made and honoured that they might by all meanes flatter him that was absent as though hee had beene present A third reason followeth The ambitious skill of the workeman that through the beauty of the worke the multitude beeing allured tooke him for a God which a little before was honoured but as a man The like affirmeth Hierome Cyprian and Polydore de inuentoribus LACTANTIVS as before is shewed maketh that the Etymologie of the word Superstitio Quia superstitem memoriam defunctorum colebant aut quia parentibus suis superstites celebrabant imagines eorum domi tanquam deos penates either because they honoured with such worship the suruiuing memory of their dead Ancestors or because suruiuing and out-liuing their Ancestors they celebrated their Images in their houses as houshold gods Such Authors of new Rites and Deifiers of dead men they called Superstitious but those which followed the publikely-receiued and ancient Deities were called Religious according to that Verse of Virgil. Vana superstitio veterumque ignara deorum But by this rule saith Lactantius wee shall find all Superstitious which worship false gods and them only religious which worship the one and true GGD The same Lactantius faith That Noah cast off his sonne Cham for his wickednesse and expelled him Hee abode in that part of the Earth which now is called Arabia called saith he of his name Canaan and his Posteritie Canaanites This was the first people which was ignorant of GOD because their Founder and Prince receiued not of his Father the worship of GOD. But first of all other the Egyptians began to behold and adore the heauenly bodies and because they were not couered with houses for the temperature of the Ayre and that Region is not subiect to clouds they obserued the Motions and Ecclipses of the Starres and whiles they often viewed them more curiously fel to worship them After that they inuented the monstrous shapes of beasts which they worshipped Other men scattered through the World admiring the Elements the Heauen Sunne Land Sea without any Images and Temples worshipped them and sacrificed to them sub dio til in processe of time they erected Temples and Images to their most puissant Kings ordained vnto them Sacrifices Incense so wandering from the knowledge of the true GOD they became Gentiles Thus farre Lactantius And it is not vnlike that they performed this to their Kings eyther in flatterie or feare of their power or because of the benefits which they receiued from them this beeing saith Plinie the most ancient kinde of thankefulnesse to reckon their Benefactours among the gods To which accordeth Cicero in the Examples of Hercules Castor Pollux Aesculapius Liber Romulus And thus the Moores deified their Kings and the Romanes their deceased Emperours The first that is named to haue set vp Images and worship to the dead was Ninus who when his Father Belus was dead made an Image to him and gaue priuiledge of Sanctuary to all Offenders that resorted to this Image whereupon mooued with a gracelesse gratefulnesse they performed thereunto diuine honours And this example was practised after by others And thus of Bel or Belus beganne this Imagerie and for this cause saith Lyra they called their Idols Bel Baal Beel-zebub according to the diuersitie of Languages Cyrillus calleth him Arbelus and saith that before the Floud was no Idolatrie amongst men but it had beginning after in Babylon in which Arbelus next after whom raigned Ninus was worshipped Tertullian out of the Booke of Enoch before mentioned is of opinion That Idolatrie was before the Floud Thus to continue the memorie of mortall men and in admiration of the immortall heauenly Lights together with the tyrannie of Princes and policies of the Priests beganne this worshipping of the creature with the contempt of the Creator which how they increased by the Mysteries of their Philosophers the fabling of their Poets the ambition of Potentates the Superstition of the vulgar the gainfull collusion of their Priests the cunning of Artificers and aboue all the malice of the Deuils worshipped in those Idols there giuing answeres and Oracles and receiuing Sacrifices the Histories of all Nations are ample Witnesses And this Romane Babylon now Tyrant of the West is the heire of elder Babylon sometimes Ladie of the East in these deuotions that then and still Babylon might bee the mother of Whoredomes and all Abominations To which aptly agree the Parallels of Babylon and Rome in Orosius the Empire of the one ceasing when
Capitolinus writeth that Verus a voluptuous Emperour spent foure Summers here and wintered in Laodicea and Antioch Seuerus more truly answering his name did to death certaine Tribunes by whose negligence the Souldiers here were suffered to riot The Oracles added renowne to the place which were deliuered out of these Daphnaean waters by a certaine wind or breath Adrian the Emperour is reported to haue hence receiued the facultie of Diuining by dipping a Cypresse leafe in the Fountaine Iulian resorted hither often for that purpose But his elder brother Gallus whom Constantius had called to be Caesar and after sayth Ammianus for his outrages executed had in the time of his abode at Antioch remoued the bones of Babylas their Bishop and other holy Martyrs his companions in suffering to this place where also he built a Church Now when as Iulian in his Persian expedition had sent others to visite all the other Oracles in the Roman Empire himselfe here consulted with Apollo an Apostata Emperour with an Apostata Angell about the successe of those warres But all his sacrifices obtained no other answere then that he could not answere by the countermand of a more diuine power there liuing in those dead bones Hereupon Iulian command the Christians to remoue those ill neighbours which they did sayth Theodoret with a solemne procession singing the Psalmes and dancing with the heart of Dauid making this the burthen and foot of each verse Confounded bee all they that worship grauen Images wherewith Iulian enraged persecuted the Christians Euagrius affirmeth that hee built a Temple in honour of Babylas how truely I knew not But the true God confounded both the Idoll and Idolater shortly after calling the one to giue account of his ill employed stewardship vncertaine whether by diuine or humane hand and for the other his Temple was consumed with fire from aboue together with the Image one pillar whereof remained in Chrysostomes dayes The Pagans attributed this fire to the Christians and no maruell for what did not that fire of blind Idolatrie kindled with zeale attribute to the innocent Christians herein testifying that it came from hell and must to hell againe by that hellish Character and impression of so great fire and as great darkenesse Such is Hell and such is ignorant Zeale a fire but no light Apollo's Priest by no torments could be forced to confesse any author thereof and the officers of the Temple affirmed it was fire from heauen which certaine Countrey-people confirmed by their owne sight Iulian to satisfie his rage caused some Temples of the Christians to be burned Nicephorus telleth of the continuance of this Daphnaean groue honoured with buildings and spectacles by Mammianus and Chosroes Apollo's Image was made of wood couered ouer with gold Theodosius forbad the cutting of any of those Cypresses Orontes is a Riuer which ariseth in Coelesyria and payeth tribute to all the three brethren it visiteth Pluto's Palace running with a long tract vnder the Earth and then heauing vp his head maketh his gladsom homage to Iupiter and after his custome payed to the Antiochians in fine powreth himselfe into ahe lappe of Neptune entring the Sea neere to Seleucia It was called Typhon vntill Orontes building a bridge ouer it caused it to be called by his name They had here a tale of Typhon a huge Dragon which diuided the earth as hee went seeking to hide himselfe and perished by the stroke of a thunderbolt Thus did he indent a passage for this Riuer Not farre hence was a sacred Caue called Nymphoeum also Mount Casius and Anticasius and Heraclia and nigh thereto the Temple of Minerua In Laodicea was this goddesse honoured to whom they offered in yeerely sacrifice in old time a maid after that in stead thereof a Hart. I may here mention also that which Tacitus reporteth of the Mount Carmel as hee placeth it betwixt Iudea and Syria where they worshipped a god of that name with Ethnicke rites They had not any Temple or Statue to this god and Altar onely and Reuerence was here seene Vespasian did in this place offer sacrifice where Basilides the Priest viewing the entrals foretold him of his good successe Damascius in the life of Isidorus mentioneth a Syrian goddesse named Babia of whom infants newly borne were by the Syrians especially at Damascus called also Babia perhaps they were esteemed vnder her tutelage and our English word Babes may hence borrow the originall CHAP. XVI Of the Syrian Kings and alteration in Gouernment and Religion in those Countries SYRIA quickly grew into Peoples and Kingdomes although Time hath long since deuoured both them and their memories Of Menon the husband of Semiramis mentioned by Diodorus is spoken before Adadezer was in Dauids time King of Aram Zoba which some take for Chobal in Syria some for Sophene in Armenia and some for the Nubei whatsoeuer they were Dauid made them tributarie Anno mundi 2903. Benhadad Hazael and others the Scripture also mentioneth but certaine succession we find not recorded of these Syrian Kings till the time of Alexander which conquering all from Macedonia to India by his inexpected death left his huge Empire to bee shared among his chiefe followers Seleucus the sonne of Antiochus a Macedonian first master of the Elephants then Tribune after that Deputie of the Babylonians at last obtained the Kingdome of Asia Anno Mundi 3638 of whom Appianus thus writeth The first King of Syria after Alexander was Seleucus called Nicator because he was of very great stature and as a wild bull had in a sacrifice of Alexander broken loose hee held him with both his hands Hee built sixteene Cities called by the name Antiochia of his father Antiochus and sixe Laodicea's in memorie of his mother Laodice nine Seleucia's of his owne name three Apamea's and one Stratonicea after the names of his two wiues He prospered in his warres tooke Babylon subdued the Bactrians pierced to the Indians which had slaine Alexanders Gouernours placed amongst them after Alexanders death He slew Lysimachus and seuen Moneths after was circumuented and slaine of Ptolomei whose sister Lysimachus had married being seuentie three yeeres old To him succeeded his sonne Antiochus sur-named Soter Anno 3667. who had obtayned Stratonice his mother in law of his father moued thereunto by his sonnes violent loue and his Physicians subtile perswasion His sonne Antiochus Theos was contrarie to his name poysoned by his wife whose sonnes Seleucus Callinicus and Antiochus succeeded and after them Antiochus Magnus the sonne of Callinicus who much enlarged his Empire adding thereto Babylonia Egypt and Iudea but inuading Graecia prouoked the Romans against him with whom he compounded on base and meane conditions Hee did yet comfort himselfe for his losse among his friends saying that he was beholding to the Romans that eased him of so weightie a burthen and lessened his cares of gouernment for they had cooped him in a corner of his Kingdome
the Feast in hope of like destruction to the Christians as befell Iericho and then renew the shaking of their boughes The seuenth day is most solemne called by them Hoschana rabba the great Hosanna as if one should say the great feast of saluation or helpe because then they pray for the saluation of all the people and for a prosperous new-yeere and all the prayers of this Feast haue in them the words of sauing as O God saue vs and O God of our saluation and as thou hast saued the Israelites and such like the prayers are therefore called Hosannoth Then they produce seuen bookes and in euery of their seuen compassings lay vp one againe This night they know their fortunes by the Moone for stretching out their armes if they see not the shadow of their head by Moone-light they must dye that yeere if a finger wanteth hee loseth a friend if the shadow yeeld him not a hand hee loseth a sonne the want of the left hand portendeth losse of a daughter if no shadow no life shall abide with him for it is written Their shadow is departed from them Some Iewes goe yeerely into Spaine to prouide Pome-citrons and other necessaries for the furnishing this feast which they sell in Germany other places to the Iewes at excessiue prices They keepe their Tabernacles in all weathers except a very vehement storme driue them with a heauie countenance into their houses Their wiues and seruants are not so strictly tyed hereto §. IIII. Of their New Moones and New-yeeres day THe New-Moones are at this day but halfe festiuall to the Iewes accounting themselues free to worke or not in them but the women keepe it intirely festiuall because they denyed their Eare-rings to the molten Calfe which after they bestowed willingly on their Tabernacle The deuouter Iewes fast the day before Their Mattins is with more prayers their dinner with more cheere then on other dayes and a great part of the day after they sit at Cardes or telling of Tales That day when the Moone is eclipsed they fast When they may first see the New-Moone they assemble and the chiefe Rabbi pronounceth a long Prayer the rest saying after him The Iewes beleeuing that GOD created the world in September or Tisri conceit also that at the reuolution of the same time yeerely hee sitteth in iugdement and out of the bookes taketh reckoning of euery mans life and pronounceth sentence accordingly That day which their great Sanhedrin ordayned the New-yeeres festiuall God receiuing thereof intelligence by his Angels sent thither to know the same causeth the same day a Senate of Angels to bee assembled as it is written Daniel 12. All things prouided in the solemnest manner the three bookes are opened one of the most Wicked who are presently registred into the Booke of Death the second of the Iust who are inrolled into the Booke of Life and the third of the meane sort whose Iudgement is demurred vntill the day of Reconciliation the tenth of Tisri that if in the meane time they seriously repent them so that their good may exceed their euill then are they entred into the Booke of Life if otherwise they are recorded into the Blacke Bill of Death Their Scripture is produced by R. Aben Let them bee blotted out of the Booke of the liuing and not bee written with the Iust Blotting points you to the Booke of Death Liuing that of Life and not writing with the Iust is the third Booke of Indifferents All the workes which a man hath done through the yeere are this day examined The good workes are put in one ballance the bad in the other what helpe a siluer Chalice or such heauie metall could affoord in this case you may finde by experience in Saint Francis Legend who when the bad deeds of a great man lately dead out-weighed the good at a dead lift cast in a siluer Chalice which the dead partie had sometime bestowed on Franciscan deuotion and weighed vp the other side and so the Diuels lost their prey GOD say they pronounceth sentence of punishment or reward sometime in this life to bee executed sometime in the other In respect hereof their Rabbines ordaine the moneth before to be spent in penance and morning and Eeuening to sound a Trumpet of a Rams-horne as Aue Marie Bell to warne them of this Iudgement that they may thinke of their sinnes and besides to befoole the Diuell that with this often sounding being perplexed hee may not know when this New-yeeres day shall bee to come into the Court to giue euidence against them The day before they rise sooner in the morning to mutter ouer their prayers for remission and when they haue done in the Synagogue they goe to the graues in the Church-yard testifying that if GOD doe not pardon them they are like to the dead and praying that for the good workes of the Saints the iust Iewes there buried hee will pitty them and there they giue large almes After noone they shaue adorne and bathe themselues that they may be pure the next day for some Angels soyled with impuritie heere below are faine to purge themselues in the fierie brooke Dinor before they can prayse GOD how much more they and in the water they make confession of their sins the confession containeth two and twentie words the number of their Alphabet and at the pronouncing of euery word giue a knocke on their brest and then diue wholly vnder water The Feast it selfe they begin with a cup of Wine and New-yeere Salutations and on their Table haue a Rammes head in remembrance of That Ramme which was offered in Isaacks stead and for this cause are their Trumpets of Rams-horne Fish they eate to signifie the multiplication of their good workes they eate sweet fruits of all sorts and make themselues merry as assured of forgiuenesse of their sinnes and after meat all of all sorts resort to some bridge to hurle their sinnes into the water as it is written Hee shall cast all our sinnes into the bottome of the Sea And if they there espie any fish they leape for ioy these seruing to them as the scape-goate to carrie away their sinnes At night they renew their cheere and end this feast §. V. Of their Lent Penance and Reconciliation Fast. FRom this day to the tenth day is a time of Penance or Lent wherein they fast and pray for the cause aforesaid and that if they haue beene written in the Booke of Death yet God seeing their good works may repent and write them in the Life-Booke Thrice a day very earely they confesse three houres before day and surcease suits at Law c. And on the ninth day very earely they resort to the Synagogue and at their returne euery male taketh a Cocke and euery female a Henne if she be with childe both and the housholder saying out of the hundred and fift Psalme verses 17 18 19
Kings and Princes who before in that Countrey vsed no Physicians He published neere an hundred bookes manie of Physicke some of Philosophie a Dictionarie of Herbes and Stones Verses of the Soule c. He liued eight and fiftie yeeres and dyed in Hamadan He had runne thorow all Arts at eighteene Thus Ben-Casem But others affirme that a certaine Physician flourishing of great note vpon whom no praying nor paying could fasten a Disciple lest the secrets of his Art should bee made common the mother of Auicenna offers her sonne to doe him seruice in decoctions and other meaner offices which hee could not doe himselfe nor was there feare of danger from him whom nature had made deafe and therefore dumbe Hee made tryals and found Auicenna deafe as he thought and entertayned him who watched his times and transcribed his bookes and notes sending them closely to his Mother which after his mothers death hee published in his owne name Damascus is called of the Arabians Sciam and Demasc of the Syrians Darmsuc It is luxurious in Fruits of all kinds rich in Oliues and Yron of excellent temper by nature and so bettered by Art that no Helme or Shield can withstand it It is seated in a large Plaine at the roots of Libanas there called Hermon sixe miles in compasse double walled with a strong square Tower in the midst built by a Florintine beautified with Springs Market-places publike Buildings Meskits Bathes Canes and all sorts of like weauing and in all ancient times with Learning and learned men Here flourished Saint Damascen and heere Almotannabbi excelled in Arts and Armes emulous of Mahomet but not with like successe Hee was called Nabion that is The Prophet this Motannabbi that is Prophecying hee wrote the Alcoran elegantly and eloquently this excelled in Prose and Verse both had Followers but this mans Disciples after his death were disperst which hapned A. H. 354. Ben-Casem also relates that Mohamed Abi Abdillah professed Philosophie in this Citie and to dispute with all commers and wrote a huge Booke De vnitate existendi principiorum He dyed there A.H. 638. Aleppo is called of the Inhabitants Haleb the chiefe Mart of all the East frequented by Persians Indians Armenians and all Europians The Port is Scanderoone called by the Inhabitants Escanderuneh The soyle is very fertile and nourisheth abundance of Silke-wormes A.H. 922. Sultan Selim tooke it and found therein infinit wealth Sciarfeddin which wrote the Victories of the Othomans in two Tomes saith that it had of Gold and Siluer coyned 1150000. a mightie masse vncoyned Vests of cloath of Gold tissued or wrought with gold silk and scarlet aboue 300000. besides abundance of Gems Pearls And besides other wealth innumerable it had eight Armories well furnished It now flourisheth in the next place to Constantinople and Caito and may be called Queene of the East Here are store of Gems Amber Bengeoin Lignum Aloes and Muske which is taken from a little reddish beast beaten with many blowes on one place that the bloud may all come thither Then is the skin so swolne and full of bloud bound straight that the bloud may not issue and put into one or more bladders is dryed on a beasts backe till the bladder fall off of it selfe and that bloud after a moneth becomes excellent Muske At Aleppo was borne that great Grammarian Othaman Abu Homar surnamed Ben-ellhhageb which wrote Cafia and Sciafia of Grammer and dyed A. H. 672. CHAP. III. The Life of Mahumet Mahammed or Muhammed the Saracen Law-giuer §. I. Mahumets Life after the Histories of Christians THe life of Mahomet is at large described by diuers Authors but I finde it no where so fully as before the Alcaron in the Italian Edition the sum whereof and of the other reports touching the same is this Ismael was the first according to that Italian Author others ascribe it to Abraham that built the Temple at Mecca and hauing to wife an Egyptian Idolatresse had by her twelue sonnes which as he saith being dispersed in Arabia Persia Armenia sowed so many sorts of Religion and Chedar his second sonne placed in the Temple of his father vpon an high Tower called Alquibla an Idoll named Allech and Alleze instituting certaine cremonies and amongst the rest the sacrificing of a Ram in remembrance of that Ram which was presented to his grand-father Abram at the offering of Isaac Of Chedar descended Thebic and so in order Caab Numhib Almucaien Ahlucen Acaha Amubasca Amir Celif Nisca Abhimaistae Aadirem Scaad Mudhar Ilges Mudicita Hudhaifa Chinene Anascere Melich Phasce Paliff Lunai Cabnai Morta Chelef Facien Abdamanef Abdalmutalif Abdalla the supposed father of Mahomet his mothers name was Hennina or Hemina a Iewish as some write his father was an Ethnicke or Pagan Idolater His base condition and obscuritie was such that the Turkes themselues doubt whether he were an Arabian or Persian notwithstanding that genealogicall rabble Richerius reporteth that he was a Cyreuean by birth and that in the time of his minoritie or child-hood he was by some Plagiarie stolne away from his friends and sold to the Ismaelit-Marchants Others say that hee was abandoned both of father and mother and according to the cruell custome of that barbarous people sold to strangers From so base a beginning did this cunning Impostor and Seducer of the world arise to be the scourge of Princes and disturber of the world He was somewhat comely of person and of sharp wit and therefore was made ouer-seer of the businesse of Abdalmutalif his Master or as some say his Grand-father and traded for him in Soria Egypt and Persia and after his death inherited his goods continuing his trade of Marchandize with a great man of Corozan he succeeded him in his bed wealth by the marriage of his widdow Gadisa whom others call Adega the daughter of Hulert and that as some suspect not vnprobably by the helpe of Sorceries and Incantations With this widdow after shee was become his wife he liued in his wonted course of life thirteene yeeres and had by her one sonne and three daughters And by this meanes growne great he aspired higher assembling to himselfe a company of theeues vnthrifts and out-lawes which with him became voluntaries and aduenturers in the warres of the Emperour Heraclius against the Persians in which he valourously behaued himselfe and was wounded in the visage and Cosdroes the Persian King was ouercome After this Mahomet deuising further how to satisfie his ambitious desire of Soueraigntie met with occasion fitting those his aspiring designes The Arabians being denied their pay as is said raised a mutinie and rebellion these chose Mahomet to be their Captaine who vsed them as his instruments of robbery and violence about the countries of Mecca But the Nobles opposing themselues against him hee perceiuing that their power and authoritie would be a perilous rub in his way thought it his safest course to
where in the beginning of these tumults hee had beene put who first feared death and the next thing was hee begged water whom they presently proclaimed Emperour Osman consulted with Huzein Bassa late Vizier in the Polish warre and the Aga of the Ianizaries both faithfull to him sent to haue strangled Mustapha in the Seraglio but a new vproare happened and hee was remoued and guarded The next day the King with the Mufti went to them where after much intreatie their hearts somewhat relenting yet with new furie possessed they slew Huzein Bassa and the Aga the Mufti was conueyed away secretly and Osman led to Mustapha pleads for his life and at last is cast into the Seuen Towers prisoner Daout Bassa the new Vizier enquires and findes that Osman had two brothers liuing one about twelue the other seuen yeeres old and thereupon goes to the prison with a packe of executioners which finde him new falne asleepe and by their intrusion awaked and discontent At first they are amazed and hee made shew to defend himselfe till a strong knaue strooke him on the head with a battle axe and the rest leaping on him strangled him with much adoe And soone after they mourned for their dead King as freshly as they had raged vnseasonably this being the first Emperour they had betrayed and hauing set vp one which in all likelihood they must change for disabilitie The first of Iune following the Capiaga had receiued secret order to strangle Osmans brethren which going to doe they cry out and he by the Pages was slaine The Ianizaries mutinie afresh and will haue account of this treason whereof the King denies knowledge so did Daout who was suspected but to please them is degraded and Huzein Bassa late Gouernour of Cairo put in his place There is later report of the said Daout to bee strangled in the same place where hee had caused Osman to die Neither can wee expect otherwise then monstrous and portentuous births after such viperean conceptions CHAP. X. Of the Opinions holden by the Turkes in their Religion and of their Manners and Customes HOw the Turkes from so small beginnings haue aspired to this their present greatnesse you haue seene bought indeed at a deare price with their temporall Dominions accepting of a spirituall bondage becomming the Lords of many Countries and withall made subiect to those many Mahumetan superstitions The occasion and chiefe cause of Sects in the Saracenicall deuotions yee haue heard in the fourth and seuenth Chapters to which wee may adde here out of Bellonius He saith that besides the Alcoran they haue another booke called Zuna that is the Way or Law or Councell of Mahomet written after his death by his disciples but the readings thereof being diuers and corrupt the Caliph assembled a generall Councell of their Alphachi or learned men at Damasco wherein six Commissioners were appointed namely Muszlin Bochari Buborayra Annecey Atermindi and Dent to view and examine these bookes each of which composed a booke and those six bookes were called Zuna the other copies being two hundred Camels-lading were drowned in the Riuer those six onely made authenticall esteemed of equall authoritie among the Turkes with the Alcoran and after by one of their Diuines contracted into an Epitome which booke was called the Booke of Flowers But this Zuna being not Vna one as the Truth is but full of contrarietie hence haue risen Sects amongst them the Turkes differing from other Mahumetan Nations and diuided also amongst themselues §. I. Of their Eight Commandements ANTHONY MENAVINVS who liued a long time in the Turkish Court saith that the Booke of their Law is called Musaph or Curaam which Georgiouitz reckoneth another booke not the Alcoran it is in Arabike and they hold vnlawfull to translate it into the vulgar If any like not of Georgiouitz his opinion but thinke it to be the Alcoran for al is but the Article and the name little differs as before is shewed I could thinke it likely that this containeth some Extracts and Glosses thereof or is to their Alcaron as our Seruice booke to our Bible hauing some sons and proper methodes but grounded on the other Some things I finde cited out of the Curaam that are not in the Alcoran as that of the Angels mortalitie which perhaps may bee the mistaking of the Interpreter The ignorance of the Arabike hath caused much mis-calling of words and names They haue it in such reuerence that they will not touch it except they be washed from top to toe and it is read in their Churches by one with a loud voyce the people giuing deuout attendance without any noyse nor may the Reader hold it beneath his girdlested and after he hath read it he kisseth it and toucheth his eyes with it and with great solemnitie it is carried into the due place Out of this booke are deriued eight principall Commandements of their Law The first is GOD is a great God and one onely God and MAHOMET is the Prophet of God this Article of the Vnitie they thinke maketh against vs who beleeue a Trinitie of Persons in detestation whereof they often reiterate these words Hu hu hu that is He he he is onely GOD who is worthy to be praised for their limbes health c. and for that he hath prouided sustenance for euery one fortie yeeres before his birth The second Commandement is Obey thy Parents and doe nothing to displease them in word or deed they much feare the curses of their parents 3. Doe vnto others as thou wouldest bee done vnto 4. That they repaire to the Meschit or Church at the times appointed of which after 5. To fast one moneth of the yeere called Romezan or Ramadan 6. That they giue almes to the poore liberally and freely 7. To marry at conuenient age that they may multiply the sect of Mahomet 8. Not to kill Of these Commandements is handled at large in Menauino and in the booke of the Policie of the Turkish Empire and in others Their times of prayer according to the fourth precept are in the morning called Salanamazzi before Sun-rising the second at noone called Vlenamazzi The third about three houres before Sun-set called Inchindinamazzi The fourth at Sun-set Ascannamazzi The fifth two houres within night before they goe to sleepe Master Sandys nameth seuen times of prayer enioyned daily the first Tingilnamas two houres before day not mentioned by Septemcastrensis and another Giumanamas at ten in the morning duely obserued on the Fridayes by all at other times by the more religious When the Priest calls to prayer they will spread their garments on the earth though they bee in the fields and fall to their deuotions Moreouer I haue seene them conioyntly pray in the corners of the streets before the opening of their shops in the morning They spend but a part of Friday their Sabbath in deuotion and the rest in recreations but that so rigorously that a Turke
Kings ordinarie guard night and day guarded the Palace the most of them Persians another band of 10000. choice horse-men were wholly Persian and were called Immortall one thousand of the best of them called Doryphori and Melophori were chosen into the Kings guard They receiue no money but allowance of victuall for their wages Curtius mentioneth a guard next to the Kings person called the Kings kinsemen which were 15000. But it were too tedious to recite the Homotimi Megistanes and other his court-officers and attendants the Surena which was the chiefe Magistrate and others whereof Brissonius hath written As their liues were burthened with voluptuousnesse so they prepared for their deaths that they might descend suddenly into the graue as Iob saith of the prosperitie of some wicked without any bands to vse Dauids phrase of a lingring death certaine poysons tempered of the excrements of the Dircaerus an Indian bird which in short time without sense of griefe depriued them of life After the Kings death they extinguished the SACRED FIRE which rite Alexander obserued in Hephaestions funerall In Persepolis were erected vnto them stately Monuments with Titles and Epitaphs inscribed The Monuments of the Kings there with other Antiquities haue conquered Time and Alexanders Fires yet remaining so fresh as if they were new made many still shining like glasse Among which a Iasper Table is remarkable inscribed with letters which none can reade all of a Pyramide or Delta forme in diuersifyed postures Twentie such Pillars remaine of admirable greatnesse beautie and likenesse of a lasting Marble with Images in long habits like the Venetian Senators with wide sleeues and long beards others sitting as in high arched seats with footstooles in great Maiestie There are also huge Colossean horses with giantly riders of Marble And although a goodly fertile Countrey doth inuite habitation of ten leagues extent euery way yet is there now but one poore village of foure hundred housholders called Margatean in this plaine of Persepolis Our Author acknowledgeth Diodorus his relations iustly agreeing with his eyes and esteemeth these Monuments farre beyond all other the worlds miraculous Artifices I might here terrifie the delicate and already-wearied Reader with representation of their Martiall marching discipline numbers armors and the like of which Brisson hath written a whole booke Yet because wee haue thus farre waded in matters of the Persian Magnificence let vs take a little view of the Heyre and Successour to that Greatnesse Great Alexander in state entring Babylon thus by Curtius related Many came forth to meet him the wayes were all strowed with flowers and garlands on both sides were erected siluer Altars laden with Frankincense and all kinde of odors There followed him for presents droues of Horses and Cattell Lions and Leopards in grates were carried before him The Magi after their manner of Procession singing had the next place after them the Chaldaeans and the Babylonians both Diuiners and Artificers with musicall Instruments Then the Horsemen furnished beyond magnificence in excesse of prodigalitie The King with his Armie followed and last of all the Towns-men Hee that will compare with these relations that which in the bookes of the Romane Ceremonies is written of the Popes strait Tiara enuironed with a triple Crowne the veneration performed to him by all euen Emperours kissing his feet holding his bridle and stirrop putting their shoulders vnder his Chaire when hee lists to ride on mens shoulders holding water to his hands and bearing the first dish to his Table the change of his name at his election his Palfrayes alwayes white like the Nisaean led before him one of which carryeth his God vnder a Canopie his Scala Processions and other Rites shall see some hence borrowed most exceeding the Persian Excesse Once all Religion with them seemeth turned into State and Ceremonie the soule being fled and this bodily exercise bodie of exercise in exercise of the body onely left CHAP. VI. Of the Persian Magi. THe name of Magi is sometimes applied say some to all the Persians or else to a particular Nation amongst them sometime it signifieth the most excellent in Philosophie and knowledge of nature or in sanctitie and holinesse of life Thus Suidas calls the Persian Magi Philosophi and Philothei studious of knowledge of nature and of God Sometimes it signified such as wee now call Magicians practisers of wicked Arts Among the Persians this name was ancient and honourable saith Peucerus applyed onely to the Priests which liued in high reputation for dignitie and authoritie being also Philosophers as the Chaldaeans were To these were committed the custodie of Religion of ancient Monuments of later Histories of publike records and the explanation of the Persian wisdome whose account appeareth in that after Cambyses death one of them is reported to succeed in the Throne Now whereas the Ethnicks had a tradition of two Genij which attend euery man one good the other euill proceeding in likelihood from Diuine Truth concerning good and euill Angels which are either ministring Spirits for mans good or tempters vnto euill curious men hence tooke occasion to deuise new Arts which were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the one calling vpon the good Daemon or Genius by the other on the euill which euill One could easily turne himselfe into an Angel of light to delude blind people being indeed as in our White and Blacke witches at this day worse when an Angel then when a Deuill Hereof were diuers kindes Necromancie which inuocated the spirits of the dead of which smoaky Soot the Heathens Diuine Poets and our Poeticall Diuines in the tales of Hell and Purgatory striue who shall haue the blackest tincture They had also their Lecanomanciae which was obserued in a Bason of water wherein certaine plate of gold and siluer were put with Iewels marked with their iugling Charactars and thence after pronuntiation of their words were answeres whispered Gastromancie procured answere by pictures or representations in glasse-vessels of water after the due Rites Catoptromancie receiued those resemblances in cleere glasses Chrystallomancie in Crystall Dactyliomancie was a diuination with Rings which perhaps Gyges vsed consecrated by certaine position of the heauens and diuellish Inchantments Onymancie with Oyle and Soote daubed on the Nayle of an vndefiled Childe and held vp against the Sunne Hydromancie with water Aeromancie with ayre But what should I adde the many more names of this Artlesse Art vnworthy the naming Tibi nomina mille Mille nocendi artes Infinitely diuersified are these blind by wayes of darknesse and mischiefe Delrio hath other diuisions of Magicke which from the efficient hee diuideth into Naturall Artificiall and Diabollicall from the end into Good and Bad and this bad which is by explicite or implicite compact with Deuills into Magia specialis Diuinatio Maleficium Nugatoria Zoroaster is supposed Author both of the good and bad vnto
at mans estate they cut bigger with a Cane and weare therein a greene stone otherwise they esteeme a man no Gallant but a Pesant They haue no Religion vse Polygamie but the women are tied to one husband except hee giue her publike leaue When they goe to warre the wiues carrie all the prouision That wife whom hee giueth his hunted prey is his bed-fellow that night and she goeth to the water and washeth her selfe after which she lyeth downe in the net and commandeth all the rest to attend on her for that day When they are in trauell they goe to the doore and being deliuered the father lyeth downe and is visited as before is said No Indian will kill any female creature whiles his wife is with childe thinking that would be the death of his childe They trauell with great store of Tobacco and haue continually a leafe thereof along the mouth betweene the lip and teeth the rheume running out at the lip-hole They war against the Portugals and all others eating all and take so many new names as prisoners They thinke mans flesh makes them valiant Their houses are two hundred yards long without partition they hang their nets on beames wash euery morning both men women and children they part their grounds They haue Serpents amongst them with bodies like trees which strike two fins out of their fore-quarters that kill whatsoeuer they call them d Iaboya They haue foure legs and a taile like an Aligator or Crocodile which they hide when they lye in the woods for their prey They haue Monkies as big as a water-dog faced like a man with long broad beards which goe twentie together on a tree and one of them will alway walke vp and downe with his hand on his beard making a great noyse the rest harkening still an houres space The Maraquites are betweene Fernambuc and Baya other Indians call them Tapoyes that is wilde men which name all but these and the Vaanasses which are like them account a disgrace The men are of good stature the women very proper and fight with their bowes as well as the men They haue no dwelling Religion nor friendship with any Nation yet he left them in peace with the Portugals They haue holes in their lips but carue not their bodies vse Polygamie are swift neuer come into the field to fight but keepe in the Mountaines they eate mans flesh without ceremonies The Topimambazes inhabite from R. de S. Franc. to Baya de todos Sanctos they are and speake like the Petowares but the women are of better complexion The men let their beards grow long From Baya to Eleoos are the Waymoores men of great stature and swift as a Horse fiue or sixe of them will set on a Sugar-house with an hundred therein I haue seene one saith our Author take a man aliue and defend himselfe with this his prisoner as it were with a Target They haue long haire are without Townes or Houses and care not where they come presuming of their swiftnesse They are greedie Man-eaters and are alwaies foule with durt and dust by lying on the ground and ashes Iarric writes that they are without Gouernours euery one doing what seemes good in his owne eyes only he is accounted most Noble that hath slaine most enemies with whom for any of them to speake is punished with death They roue vp and downe in vncertaine dwellings and therefore cannot by warre be conquered This wandring is common to many of these Brasilian Saluages The Tomomymenos dwell at Spirito Sancto haue settled Townes with great stones set about like pales of a good height and within walls of clay and stone they make the sides of their houses with loope-holss to shoot out at They deck their bodies with feathers and paint themselues blacke and red One of these tooke the Portugall Captaine Martin de Sa and in spite of all his company carried him a stones cast and threw him into a Riuer but hee was rescued by Petummyen another Sauage The Portugals tooke sixteene thousand slew the tenth parf and parted the rest destroying the Country downe the Riuer Paraeyua The Waytaquazes dwell on the North and South sides of Cape Frio They are of greater stature then the Waymoores we took thirteene of them and whiles we searched for more they burnt their cords from their hands and fled Their women warre with bowes and arrowes They lye on the ground like Hogs with a fire in the midst hold no peace with any but eate all they can get Heere the mountaines were full of Crablice which sticked so fast on their skins that they were faine to take dry straw to singe themselues Abausanga-retam was Captaine of a kinde of Tamoyes an hundred and twenty yeeres old which being taken ranne amongst the enemies where being shot in one and twenty places he fell then desired Baptisme after which within foure houres he died his haughtie courage could not brooke captiuitie The Wayanasses keepe at Ila Grande they are low great bellied cowards not carued glory not to eate mans flesh the Women vgly with bigge bodies and are well faced painted red with Vrucu which growes in a cod like a Beane the crownes of both Sexes are shauen like Friers the rest of their haire long The Topinaques haue their dwelling at Saint Vincents are of good stature and complexion the women painted with diuers colours eate mans flesh adore nothing onely when they kill a man paint themselues with a fruit called Ianipano and with feathers on their heads great stones in their lips Rattles in their hands dance three dayes together drinking a filthy liquor whereto they said Tobacco made them fresh Among them is great store of Gold in many hils by the Sea The Pories dwell an hundred miles within Land are low like the Wayanasses liue on Pine-nuts and small Cocos as big as Apples with shels like Wall-nuts but harder they call them Eyrires they warre with none eate not mans flesh if they haue other meat lye in nets of barke haue no houses but two or three boughs tyed together couered with Palme-leaues for a knife or combe they will giue fiue or sixe gallons of Balsame-oyle The Molopaques inhabite heere the Riuer Paradiua are like Dutchmen in bignesse faire of complexion bearded ciuill couer their priuities their Towns circled with wals of earth and great logges haue a King called Moriuishann which had thirteene wiues They haue store of Gold which they esteeme not nor vse it but to tye on their fishing lines this is in the Riuer Para fourescore leagues beyond Paraeyua They take none but what the rayne washeth from the Mountaines which are of blacke earth without Trees The Women are goodly and faire like English women modest neuer seene to laugh and of good capacitie They tye their haire about their middle with barke and couer therewith their nakednesse their haire also is of diuers colours and
against those Colds the one as is said alwayes in manner naked the other alwayes clothed out-brauing the Winters violence in their Summer-like Greene Liuery seeming to stoope vnder the burthen of continuall Frosts and Snowes and in a naturall wisdome clothe themselues and hold their leaues the surer Those Giantly men about Port Desire when they die are brought to the Cliffes and there buried with their Bowes Arrowes Darts and all their almost no substance Master Kniuet writeth that he saw footings at Port Desire as bigge as foure of ours and two men newly buried one of which was fourteene spans long He also saw one in Brasil taken by Alonso Dias a Spaniard being by foule weather driuen out of Saint Iulians which was a yong man and yet aboue thirteene spans high They goe naked and are faire and well proportioned At Port Famine in the Straits He saith they saw some dwarfish Sauages not aboue fiue or six spans high which were thicke and strong with wide-mouthes almost to the eares they eate their meat a little scorched besmearing their faces and brests with the bloud running out of their mouthes they lay young feathers to this bloud which glues them to their bodies Foure or fiue thousand traded with them at the Poles end The cold is so extreme that Henry Barwell became bald therewith so continuing a yeere or two One Harris a Goldsmith blowing his frozen nose cast it with his fingers into the fire and our Author himselfe going on shore and returning wet on his feet the next morning pulled off his toes together with his stockins from his benummed feete which were as blacke as foote without feeling and were after cured with words or charmes Euery day some died of cold They saw there a kind of beast bigger then a Horse with eares aboue a span long and a taile like a Cow called Tapetyweson he saw the like in Manicongo The Sauages about the Straits feed as both the same Author and the Hollanders report on raw flesh and other filthy food and are Man-eaters §. III. Of the Magellan Straits IT is no small credit to our Nation and Nauigation that these Straits haue more enlarged themselues and giuen oftner and freer passage to vs then to any other Drake swamme thorow Winter both passed and returned and so did Carder in the Pinnasse as before is said Candish passed but returned as Drake had done about the World in his circuit The Delight of Bristoll entred them and with small delight spent sixe weekes in them and Captaine Dauies companion of Master Candish in his last Voyage three times entred the South Sea which three times forced him backe into the embracing armes of the vntrustie Straits Some others haue attempted but not attained them as Fenton and Ward and the Voyage set forth in the yeere of our Lord 1586. by the Earle of Cumberland The Land on Larbord side saith Sir Richard Hawkins is without doubt Ilands low sandy broken on Starbord is very mountaynous the lower Mountaynes whereof although they be for their height wonderfull yet as we haue said of the differing statures of the men they haue more Giantly ouer-lookers with Snowie lockes and Cloudy lookes betweene them may be numbred three Regions of Clouds These Straits are fourescore and ten leagues thorow of vnequall breadth in the narrowest place a league ouer The mouth is in two and fifty degrees and an halfe or as Sir Richard Hawkins obserued in 52. degrees 50. minutes His company killed a thousand Penguins a day this is a Fowle like a Goose hauing no feathers on their bodies but downe it cannot flye but will runne as fast as most men feeds on fish and grasse and harbours in Berries Seales are many in these parts which will fall dead with a blow on the snout some affirme the same of the Crocodile otherwise not easily pierced with a Sword or fearing a Musket-shot He saith they are like Lions that they sleepe on Land and haue euer one to watch which is also reported of the Morse Hee addeth of the Canoes of the Sauages there that they are made artificially of the rindes of Trees sowed together with the finnes of Whales sharpe at both ends and turning vp When these Straits were first discouered they named them the Strait of Victorie because the ship called the Victorie first descried them a name fitly ascribed both to the Straits and Ship the one first obtayning the Marine victory encompassing the compasse of the earth the other still remayning the onely knowne passage whereby that Sea-victory can bee atchieued But the name soone passed from the Ship to the Generall of whom still it is called the Strait of Magaglianes or Magellan The Voyage of Sir Francis Drake so vexed the Spaniard that hee sent Pedro Sarmiento to inhabit there that he might prohibit other Nations to passe that way but Tempest and Famine hating the Spanish insolence whose ambitious designes alway aimed at a Plus vltra brought them to a Plus vltra indeed further then euer they had designed diuers of the ships which at first were three and twentie with three thousand and fiue hundred men perishing in the deuouring iawes of the Ocean and others in their selfe deuouring mawes of Hunger which eate them vp with not eating The Name of Iesus and Philips Citie were their two newly erected Colonies peopled with foure hundred men and thirty women which by famine were brought to three and twenty persons when Master Candish tooke Hernando one of that company in his prosperous Voyage another who had maintained himselfe by his Peece and liued in a house alone a long time was taken by the Delight of Bâ—iâ—toll two yeeres after The English gaue a name fitting to this distressed Citie calling it Port Pamine The last Voyage of Master Candish proued vnfortunate both in the losse of himselfe and many men the blacke Pinnasse was lost in the South Sea the Desire returned but lost diuers of her men surprised as was thought and deuoured by the Sauages neere to Port Desire The Sauages heere presented themselues throwing dust in the Aire leaping c. and either had Vizards on their faces like Dogges faces or else their faces were Dogges faces indeed I haue seene a Copie of a Discourse written by Master Candish himselfe to Sir Tristram-Gorges whom he made sole Executor of his last Will where he thus affirmeth The running away of the Villaine Dauis was the death of me and decay of the whole action and his onely trecherie in running from me the vtter ruine of all Hee complaines also of mutinies and that by South-west and West South-west winds he was driuen from shore foure hundred leagues and from fifty to forty degrees that he was taken with Winter and stormes in the Straits and such Frosts and Snowes in May as he neuer saw the like so that in seuen or eight dayes forty dyed and seuenty sickened Dauies in the Desire and
nothing to say to him from that Renowmed Queene of England the Myrrour of all the Queenes that euer reigned yet he did so much honour and admire her excellent vertues and graces that he would also hold me in the reputation of her Maiesties Ambassadour and that it was in his Supreame power and pleasure to allow or not allow of the King his Letters Patents for my passage thorow that great Principalitie his Inheritance and differing from the Crowne of Poland That his Subiects might thinke I negotiated with him he tooke me with him to his Church heard Diuiue Seruice Psalmes fling and a Sermon the Sacrament also was administred as in the Reformed Churches whereat his Brother Cardinall Ragauill did murmure His Highnesse inuited me to Dinner honoured with fifty Halbardiers thorow the Citie Gunners placed and fiue hundred Gentlemen his Guard to bring me to his Palace where himselfe accompanied with many young Noblemen receiued me vpon the Terras and then brought me into a very large Roome where were Organs with singing A long Table was set with Lords and Ladies Himselfe vnder a Cloth of State and I was placed before him in the middest of the Table With sound of Trumpets and Kettle Drummes the first Seruice was brought in and after Prayer sayd by his Almoner Iesters and Poets dicoursed merrily Instruments of lowd and other of lower Musicke were added twenty Dwarfes men and women attired curiously made sweet harmony with mournfull Pipes and Songs vsing also Dauids Tymbrels and Aarons Bels as they called them and danced deuidng themselues man and woman hand in hand His Highnesse dranke for the Maiestie of the Angelicall Queene of England her health illustrating her greatnesse and graces with many good words The Princes Ladies euery one with their glasses of sweet Wine pledged I did the like for his Highnesse health Then were serued in strange portraytures of Lions Vnicornes Spread Eagles Swannes c. made artificially of Sugar past gilded with Spickets in their bellies filled some with Sacke others with Rhenish or Hungarian Wines euery one thence to fill his Glasse others also had Suckets to be taken out of their bellies with their Siluer Forkes It were tedious to relate all the particulars After sixe houres spent in this Feast I was conducted to my lodging in manner as I had beene brought and afterwards had my Letters Parens and a Gentleman to conduct mee thorow his Countrey I passed by Smoleuske to Musco 1200. miles from Vilna My entertaynment at Vilna and negotiating with the King of Poland now made me suspected to the Russian Nobility The Bishop of Susdales House was appointed for my lodging where I was guarded and attended by meane Gentlemen the pretence was lest I should haue conference with the Polish Embassadour The Protector was not present when I had audience of the Emperour and after priuately sent for me professed himselfe sorry he could not bee so fauourable as in former times to me but promised that a haire of my head should not fall to the ground c. I perceiued many of my good Friends were gone and made away had warning of many Articles framed against me which against their wils being divulged I answered so as I gained reputation thereby Yet the water which was daily brought mee from the Riuer was poysoned as also my drinke Herbs and Muske Melons sent to my House my Landresse was hired likewise to poyson me which she confessed with the circumstances I had a Seruant a Lords Sonne of Danzike which brake out with Blaynes and escaped narrowly my Cooke and Butler both dyed of poyson I writ to the Lord Protector hereof but receiued no answere I must remoue to Yeraslaue till the Polish Embassadour was gone and the third night after I came to this Towne I commended my Soule to God expecting death One tapped at my gate at midnight and I with my Seruants well appointed came to enquire the cause Alphonasie Nagoy Brother to the Emperour Mother of Demetrius which were placed at Onglets fiue and twenty miles off cryed out and sayd O sweet Yereme the Charowich Demetrius is dead his throate was cut about the sixt houre by the Deaks Sonne one of his Pages confessed vpon the Racke by Boris his setting on and the Empresse poysoned and vpon point of death her haire nayles and skinne fall off helpe helpe with some good thing for the passion of God This out cry did not a little astonish me till I saw his face ouer the wall I durst not open my gates sayd I had nothing worth the sending yet gaue a little Viall of Balsam which Queene Elizabeth had giuen me as an Antidote against Poysons giuen her by Sir F. Dr. with a boxe of Venice Treacle Some three dayes before the Suburbs of Musco were set on fire and 12000. houses burned Boris his guard had the spoyle It was giuen out that Demetrius his Mother her Brother and that Family of the Nagoies had practised to kill the Emperour and Protector and to burne the whole Citie of Musco Fiue desperate Souldiers were suborned to indure the Racke and confessed there that they were the men which should doe this exploit This was published to make the name of Demetrius hatefull to the people with that whole Family The Bishop of Orutesca was sent accompanied with fiue hundred Gunnes and diuers Nobles and Gentlemen to see Demetrius buried vnder the high Altar of Saint Iohns in Ouglets in Ouglets Castle Little did Boris thinke that his Ghost should after root out him and his Family The sicke poysoned Empresse was presently shorne a Nunne all her Allies her Brother Vncles Friends and Officers dispersed in displeasure to diuers secret Dens not to haue communitie with men or see the light I was hasted away also I had Letters from Boris he could not doe as he would but time would worke me more grace as amply as euer If I wanted money or prouision hee would impart of his owne Some secrets he had committed to mee which now made a dangerous impression in his memory I arriued in England deliuered my Letters to the Queene which I found much more fauourable then I expected the Company of Merchants payd me 1845. pounds in ready money for my goods in their hands a generall release past on both sides c. I furnished Master Hakluyt and Doctor Fletcher with Intelligences c. Thus the Race of Iuan Vasiliwich which had continued aboue 300. yeeres was raced out and extinguished in bloud the Emperour soone following as I receiued by Letters from thence from my worthy friends and haue since had conference with two Embassadours and a Fryer of good intelligence Boris had made away most of the chiefe and ancient Nobility and now remooued the Emperour Theodor placed his Sister the Empresse in a Monastery causeth the Patriarches Metropolites Bishops and new sprung Nobility his Officers Merchants and other his owne creatures to petition him to take the Crowne
Boare amongst them And heere I take leaue to repose hauing made this light discouery of the Countryes coasting this Bay of Bengali which I could not more exactly performe hauing taken my station in Musulipatnam Such as it is I submit it equally to all mens surueigh or censure and rest Pleased whosoeuer be otherwise Worthy Sir AS I haue begun and proceeded herein by your Instigation I present it to your acceptation if any thing be worth your account I dare iustifie the truth of it if nothing I shall neuer grieue at the suppression In briefe I wrote it for you and dedicate it to you and am only sorry it comes vnseasonably My Voyage into India remarkable in a Carracks losse and Captaine Iosephs death my Employment at Surat Cambaia and Amadera from thence at Callecut vpon the Coast of Malabarre at Priaman and Tecoo vpon Sumatra and then to Bantam and Iacatra vpon Iaua would afford more matter of discourse but I haue chosen Musulipatnam from which Centre I haue drawne these rude lines yet strait ones and parallel to the truth so that although none shall please to sayle by my Compasse yet am I sufficiently contented in hauing kept within compasse and so I rest a true louer of you and your elabourate Volumes W. Methwold FINIS THE SARACENICAL HISTORIE CONTAYNING THE ACTS OF THE MVSLIMS FROM MVHAMMED TO THE REIGNE OF ATABACEVS IN THE SVCCESSION OF NINE AND FORTIE EMPEROVRS Written in Arabike by GEORGE ELMACIN Sonne of ABVLIASER ELAMID the Sonne of ABVLMACAREM the Sonne of ABVLTIB AND Translated into Latine by Thomas Erpenius by his heires dedicated to the High and Mightie Prince FREDERIKE King of Bohemia Count Palatine of Rhene c. Out of whose Librarie at Heidelberge the Arabike Copy was borrowed Englished abridged and continued to the end of the Chalifa's by Samuel Purchas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 MOLLIA CVM DVRIS LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henry Fetherstone and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1626. To the Reader THat which the Angell had foretold of Ishmael hee will bee a wild man his hand will be against euery man and euery mans hand against him and that his seed should not be numbred for multitude is in this History manifested to haue beene fulfilled to the vtmost Yea that which Saint Paul saith that Godlinesse hath the promises of this life and of that which is to come we see fulfilled in Abraham the Father of many Nations and in his two Sonnes Ishmael made a great Nation neuer did any Empire extend so farre But my Couenant will I establish with Isaac and in Isaac shall thy seed bee called Ishmael hath the greatest earthly Empire yet is in spirituall bondage withall Agars Children but Ierusalem which is aboue is free the mother of vs all which are the seed of the faith of Abraham which is the Father of vs all which as Isaac was are the Children of Promise But as then hee that was borne after the flesh persecuted him that was borne after the spirit euen so it is now in this Historie from the beginning of the Muslim Empire declared The bond woman and her sonne shall one day be cast out of the house for the Seruant abideth not in the house for euer but the Sonne abideth euer If the Sonne therefore shall make you free yee shall be free indeed The Earth is a small thing for God to giue he giueth it to Ishmaels seed his owne haue Himselfe their portion in the Sonne to redeeme them in the Spirit to sanctifie them in the Father to prouide for them the best things here and Heauen it selfe with God himselfe in Trinity and Vnity to be their portion for euer Enuy not their lot to those but pitty and pray for them that God may open their eyes which how they are misled with shewes of deuotion dazeled with lightnings of armes and blinded with night and Hell this History sheweth from Muhammed their first Seducer to the end of their Asian Chalifas Our Stories I confesse are full of Mahomet and Saracens but empty for the most part of things therein most remarkable whiles partly want of Arabike Books and Letters hath hindred vs from meanes of knowledge without that Key none can enter this Muhammedan Magazine and partly rash Zeale hath transported both Greeke and Latine Authours to say anything of these Locusts Mahomet and his Adherents without iudgement sometimes and very often without truth whereby we haue had passionate Inuectiues and crude Collections insteed of the Muhammedan or Islam History God needeth not mens lies nor piae fraudes to support his Truth and the way to ouercome euill is not with euill but with goodnesse The iustice of God scourging the world with the Saracenical Sword for their vniust contempt of the Gospel of Peace is seene in this Dragon-tooth seed of Muhammedans the Alphabet of whose Religion is written in bloudy Letters of forced faith The hypocrisie of Muhammed their Founder and other Propheticall Pretenders ambitious of Souereigntie with their vices are best gathered out of their owne Authors which though they stile their memory happy or glorious yet in relating their Arts and Acts doe sufficiently declare their impiety and impurity before God and Man Shewes of Religion in bodily exercises meere carkasses only Almes frequent Prayers if gestures and words be Prayers and Prayes were not the scope of their Prayers their externall iustice in many things their Learning in Philosophie Mathematicks and Poetry the length of an Empire in such space of time and place this inclusiuely from the East Indies to the Westerne Ocean without any interruption taking in also Spaine and part of France and Italy with Sicill and the Easterne Empire tributary that from Muhammeds time to the end of this Story yea still in the Mogoll Persian and Turke with the Tartars and many Princes of lesse note continuing in a larger extent the beginning growth height declining and fall of that Empire the aduancement hereof with the Sword which exposeth to slaughter or imposeth Tribute their diuisions into two Empires the Abasian Family ruling ouer Asia and Africa the Ommian in Europe and after into a third which held Africa and in time also possessed Egypt the rising of Lay Princes and degeneration of Chalifas to a kind of meere Ecclesiastickes and their fall by diuision of this triformed Cerberus into a multiforme Dragon in manifold States and Kingdomes These in a succinct narration by one which descended of Christian Progenitors was versed in Christian Stories aswell as his last professed Islamisme with more likelihood of truth and fulnesse of satisfaction to the Inquisitiue Reader then any then all yet published if I be able to iudge by any by all Latines or other Westerne Writers Erpennius hath her giuen and I abridged out of him conferred also and illustrated with Mirkond a Persian and Muhammedan his History set forth in Spanish
848 Saualets many Voyages Sciequian Sect 463 Sclauonian Tongue the large extent thereof 973 Scribes not a Sect but a Function 132. The Historie of them 132. 133. Two sorts of them 132 Scriptures sense how diuerse 14 The mysticall is miste-all and missecall 16. Opinions concerning the Scripture 169. First penned by Moses 175. Digested by Ezra 87. Numbers of the Bookes Chapters Verses Who first Authour of Chapters 159 The Trent Decree of Translations 168. Iewes respect to the Scripture 168. 169 Seyles King of the Scythians his misfortunes 398 Scythia a great part of the World contayned vnder the name 396 Why so called ibid. The people religion language and manner of life 396 397. Their Temples Diuination Funerals c. 397. 398 Their cruelty and hatred of Forreigne Rites ibidem Particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites 398. 399. seq Scythes a Monster 396 Scythilmus 45 Sea the Creation thereof 10. Diuision thereof 575. Commodities thereof ibid. The Red Sea 84 582. 583. seq 775. seq A large Discourse of the Sea and many Obseruations thereof 571. 572. seq The forme greatnesse depth ibid. The profit motion and saltnesse 573. 574 The Sea Original of Fountaines 574. Varieties of Seas 575. 576 The Persians and Mogol haue no power by Sea 293 Seales a kind of Fishes 435 Seba Peopler and people of Arabia 37. 225. The Region of Seba 143 Sebua Sebuaeans 139. Sebuaeans a Sect of Samaritans ibid. Sebaste in Samaria 105 Seboraei whence so called 165 Sebyrians 432 Secsina in Barbary 700 Sects in Golchonda 995 Seed of the woman and the Serpent 27 Master Selden his deserued commendation 70. 150 Seilan or Zeilan 616. seq The riches and rarities thereof ibid. Their Temples Images Monasteries Processions 617. Their workmanship and iugling 618 Whither Seilan bee Taprobane ibid. Selim the great Turke 283. sequitur Selim the second 285. 286. Selim the great Mogol now reignning his greatnesse and conditions 519. 520 Selfe-penance vide Punishments Selfe-murther 633 Selebes they abound with Gold 578 eat mans flesh 608. Ilands neere ibid. Seleucia 63. Turned into Bagdet 50. Built by Seleucas 63. With eight other of that name 73 Seleucus worshipped 70. His historie 73 Seleuccian Family of Turkes 279 280. 281 Semiramis her Pillar 45. Her Babylon Buildings 48. 49. Not the Founder thereof ibid. Her Sepulchre 45. The first that made Eunuchs 61. Abuse of her Husbands 66. Supposed the Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Her Image there 69. In Media 350. Her inuading India 381 Senaga Riuer 714 Senacherib ouerthrowne by Mice 62. Slaine by his owne Sonnes 66 Sentence in the Court of the Iewes how giuen 98 Sentida a feeling herbe 563 Sensim an Order of Tartarian Priests who obserue great strictnesse 418 Separatists a Sect of Moores 273 Sepulchres vide Funerals Serpents eaten in America 33. Diuers kinds of Serpents in India 565. Death to kill a Serpent ibid. The King of Calicuts opinion of Serpents 565. 566. Huge Serpents in Africa 623. 624 Seuerall kinds of Serpents there ibid. Serpent vsed to tempt Eue 21. 22 His curse 23. Seed of the Serpent 27. 28 Serpent Images in Belus Temple 47 Serpent honoured by the Phaenicians 77. By the Ophitae 135 Worshipped by the Arabians 221 By the Indians 565. By the Aegyptians 637. 638. By the Adeans 652. A Serpent the Armes of the King of China 451. Tame Serpents 623 Serpents in Brasill 912. 913 Seres their Habitaion and Rites 400 Serug Author of Idolatry 45. 95 Sesostris 227 Seth his Natiuitie and Posteritie 29. 30. Artes ascribed to him 31 Sethiani a Sect of the Iewes worshippers of Seth 135 Sem Sonne of Noah 36. His Posteritie 37. The same with Melchisedec 45 Serapis his Temple and Rites 650 651 Seriffo of Barbary his History 695 696 Seuerus his seueritie 71 Seuerity Elders 99 Seuenty Weekes of Daniel 98 Sharke a Fish 953. 954 Shaugh Tamas the Story of him and of the Persian troubles after his death 585. 586 Shem and his Posteritie 37 Shemer 136. A Citie so called ibid. Sherly viz. Sir Anthony Sherley his Trauels 388. 389 Sheshack and Shacke 58 Shomron Mountaine 136 Siam Silon or Sion a Citie and Kingdome in India 490. Their Houses Inundations Monkes and Superstitions ibidem Their Gods and Religious Men 491. sequitur Their Feastes Temples Deuotions 492. The Kings greatnesse ibidem Besieged 493. Acts of the Blacke and White Kings ibidem Fury of the Iapanders there ibidem They weare Balls in their yards 496 Sibils counterfeit 35. 38 Sichem 137. Called Flauia Caesarea and Naples 143. The Sichemites Religion ibid. Sicke persons how vsed amongst the Iewes 206 Sidon the building thereof 78 Sidonians first Authors of Weights and Measures 82 Sidon first inhabited the Sea-coast 86 Siluer the nature thereof and of the Mines 797 Sinai 225. Mount Sinai how situate ibid. Sincopura Straits 579 Sinda described 532. 533 Sinne the definition and distinction thereof 24. Whence Originall Sinne and how ibidem Whither by Generation 25 Sinnes combination in our first Parents 22. The fearefull state of Sinners 28. Seuen mortall sinnes reckoned by the Turkes 301 Sinne-offering of the Iewes 116 The nature of actuall sinne 25 What accounted sinnes by the Tartars 415. 416 Sion 94 Sithuchrus the same with Noah 47. His Chaldaean Legend ibid. Sitting a signe of reuerence standing of dignitie 420 Skuls in the Temple of Mexico how many 873. In Nicaragua 888 Skuls of Parents made drinking cups 951. A Turret built of stone and Skuls 951 Slaues of Angola 766 Sleds vsed by the Samoeds drawne with Deere 432. Their swiftnesse ibid. Sleds drawn with dogs 744 Snakes vide Serpents Snake-wood where growing 570 Socatera or Socotoro 778. The description thereof 779 Socota an Idoll in Virginia 839 Sodome and Sodomites 85. Historie of Sodome 83. 84. sequitur The Sodomie of Turkes 229 230. Of Persians 371 Of Tartars 419. Of Chinois 440 Sogor a Village neere Sodome 84 Sofala 756. Supposed Ophir ibid. Soldania 761. Their cheape sale of beasts beastly habit and diet colour c. 762. 763. 764 Solyman a name of diuers Turkes 280. 284 Solyman the Magnificent his acts 284. 285 Solmissus how situate 339 Sommers Ilands 960. 961 Sophia chiefe Temple in Constantinople turned into a Meschit 306. 307 Sophi of the Turkes 321 Sorceries of the Tartars 416 Soule 13. It s immortalitie 126 The Iewes Opinion of three soules and one Sabbatary 127 Dogzijn their Opinion of the soule 220 South-sea sayled by Viloa and Alarchon 922 South Continent how great 832 By whom discouered 831 Spaniards how detested in the Philippinas 604. 605. 606. In Cuba 954. Indian conceits of them and their Horses 962 Their cruelties in the West Indies and of their peruerse Conuersion of the Indians vnto Christianitie 962. 963. sequitur Spaine infested by the Danes 1045 Spelman viz. Sir Henry Spelman his deserued commendation 116 Spirit very God 3. Our sanctifier 4. His manner of working 6. 7. Mouing on the waters 6
description Iames Hall his 4. voyage to Groenland This Gronland is Westward from Greenland 150 leagues In Greenland are no people nor wood a This Voyage was written by Iosias Hubert b Written by Will Baffin Allen. Sallowes of Redriffe told me Hall was slaine in 76. degrees c One of these Boats with the Oare is in Sir Thomas Smiths Hall in Philpot Lade d Dauis mentions the same voy 2. Io. Knight e Lambert Apâ— Sr H. Willoughby f L. â—4 c. 17. Nauig 3. Ger. de Vetr This is also the effect of Charcole wherewith in close roomes diuers haue beene smothered b M. Scory told me that on the Pike of Tenariffe they might see the Sun an houre sooner by this meanes Ex M.S.W. Baffin In my Pilgrims I haue published many Voyages and letters of Greenland written by Ionas Pooley Rob. Fotherby Tho. Edge Will. Hely Robert Salmon Thomas Sherwin Iames Beuersham Io. Chambers I. Catcher W. Goodlard c. Also to Cherry Iland in 74. by Ionas Pooley Will. Garden c. and to other Northerne parts by Hudson Playse Widhouse c. to which I referre the more industrious Reader a He communicated to me Hudsons abstract Th. Wid. house Abacuk Prickes of this voyage Sir Tho. Smith b A. Io. Crymogea Hudsons wintering A strange tree These were the worst or weakest of the Company A floud from the West a very proble argument of an open passage to the South Sea And so are their weapons and arts being farre beyond other Sauages See his Relation of the third part of my Pilgrims with others many for these parts a Such they vse in Iaua Sir Th. Button is very confident of a passage by the North West into the South sea as appeares by his Relations in the end of rhe fourth Booke of the third part of my Pilgrims Where also Mr Brigs his Map the letters of Mr Lock and Iuan de Fuca the testimonie of Th. Cowles c. further proue the same b This was after found otherwise the error growing by his meeting of Bylet and asking of the floud at this Iland which hee said was eight of the clock whereas it was about eleuen Baffin c Ex Relat. W. Baff 1615. * At this I le are store of fowles called Willockes whereof they might haue killed thousands 1616. Sir T. Smith Sir D. Digs M. Wostenholme Ald. Iones c. a W. Baffin Womens Ilands Strange Variation of the Compasse y As borderers are most vnruly and lawlesse so in these out-borders of the World the power of Natures greatest Officers the Sun c. is least seene z These things agree with the Relations of those parts which tell of Earthquakes breaking of Cliffes c. Boterus a zealous and slanderous Catholike vseth these disgracefull speeches of this discouery Ma pare che la Natura si fia opposta à gli heretici e à dissegni loro pare 1 lib. 5. a The Northerne Seas may be called frozen in respect of the Icie Ilands which by their freshnesse manifest themselues to proceed of fresh waters no experience yet shewing nor reason conuincing that the ocean alway salt and mouing is any where frozen as my Learned Friend M. Brigs a great Mathematician also affirmeth and Merula Cos l. 3. c. 5. b Edw. Haies Hak. to 3. 9. 152. c Gi. Bot. Ben. d Iaq. Cart. l. 2. c. 11. e Other say 200. f Rob. Thorne in M. Hakluyts voiages â— â— p. 21. 9 g M. Hall M. Grafton h M. Hore 1530 Hak. to 3. p. 129. i A Parkhurst Edw. Hares Sir G. Peckham Step. Parmenius Richard Clarke Christoph Carlile k Concep Bay in 48. M Guy his Letter to M. Slany l W. Colston a Thom. Iamed The Morses are said to sleepe in great troupes and to haue one Centinel or watchman to awake the rest vpon occasion the like is said of the Seales some call the Morse a Sea-horse b Charles Leigh c Iaques Cart. 5. d In an houre they might haue filled thirty Boats of Penguines might haue laden all their ships with them without any misse Siluest Wyet f Botero part â— lib. 5. g Iaq. Cart. â— h Iaq. Cart. 2. i He wintered this time in the Country k Iaq Cart. 3. l Iaq. Cart. 2. cap. 10. m M. Francis Roberual n Iohn Alphonse of Xanctoigne Hak. tom 3. Mouns Champlein b The Irocois with whom these Estechemins Algoumequins and Montainers have warres c Beades Their customs d M. Champlein e The answere of a Sagamos in cases of Religion f This somewhat agreeth with the Manichean and Pythagorean errour M. de Monts Saualets two and forty voyages to Noua Francia Armouchiquois M. du Point * Marke L'scarbot Souriquois Aoutmoins * Sagamos signifieth a King or Ruler Their beasts and huntings a S. Champlain Additions to N F. The Iroquois Ol Mag. lib. 16. cap. 51. An. 1497. a Hak. voyage tem 3. p. 246. d. Gaspar Ens. hist Ind. Oc. l. 3. c. 23. Theod. de Bry. b Briefe note of a Barke c. printed 1602. c Ioh. Brereton Gabriel Archer wrote notes thereof M. Gosnold himselfe in a Letter to his Father they resided in 41. deg. 20. minutes d Written by Martin Pring Written by Tho. Canner e Iames Rosier f Their Parents prescribe that they plant not within 100 miles of each other containe from 30. deg. to 45. g The Sauages reckon thus by dayes iourney h Christopher Fortescue i Tho. Hanham M. Chalenge made a voiage hitherward the same yeere but was taken by the Spaniards i Tho. Hanham M. Chalenge made a voyage hitherward the same yeere but was taken by the Spaniards k Iames Dauies l Io. Eliot G. Pop. Let. to S. I. Gilbert and E. S. m Ral. Gilbert n These seems to be the deformed Armouchiquois made in the telling more dreadfull o Edward Hartley p Other notes ap Hak. q See the examination of D. Baker and others of his company They tooke one prize worth 200000. crownes which was after split the Captaine and halfe his company drowned Richard Pots Tho. Studley c. a M. Wingfield writes that one Read a Smith escaped hanging by accusing Kendall who was shot to death and that Smith and he had followed if Newport had not come b Ed. Wingfield Newp iourney to Powhatan he told him of the S. seas and ships c. c Tho. Sauage he adopted also Smith and Scriuener Newports sonnes his grand-children Disc of Chesap See Pots his collections c. 6. a New life of Virginia b Ex lit multarum c A Catch perished at Sea in a Hericano the other came thither but in the returne two of them in one of which Capt. W. King was Master perished on Vshant d Ratliffe Martin Archer e Lord de la Ware f Nat. Com. Mytholog l. 4. c. 6. Hygin fab 142. c Relation to the Councell of Virginia by the Lord de la Ware 1611. d Sir Th. Dales Letter to the Committies