Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	write_v	year_n	youth_n	52	3	7.6103	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67709	Xenophon's history of the affairs of Greece in seven books : being a continuation of the Peloponnesian War, from the time where Thucydides ends, to the battel at Mantinea : to which is prefixed an abstract of Thucydides and a brief account of the land and naval forces of the ancient Greeks / translated from the Greek by John Newman.	Xenophon.; Newman, John.	1685 (1685)	Wing X19; ESTC R31868	205,778	512

his Design for fighting in this order he beat that Part he charged and put the whole Army to flight But after he fell himself the others knew not how to use the Victory for when the Battalion that charged them fled the Heavy-arm'd men killed no body nor advanced from the place where the Fight began In like manner when the Enemies Horse sled the Thebans did not pursue them nor their Heavy-arm'd men but as if they had been beaten got disorderly away through the flying Enemy The Foot and the Targetiers by agreement moved together with the Horse to the left as if they had been Victorious where most of them were cut in pieces by the Athenians This Action hapned contrary to the expectation of all men for most part of Greece being got together and drawn up in Battalia every one believed that if there were a Fight the Victors would rule and the Vanquisht obey But Providence so ordered it that both sides as Victors set up Trophies and neither side hindred the other from erecting them both as Conquerors delivered the Slain upon Truce and both as Conquered received them upon Truce And though both pretended to the Victory yet neither the one nor the other enlarg'd their Territories or encreased their Power but after the Fight there arose greater Confusion and Troubles in Greece than ever were at any time before Thus far have I deduc'd my History and perhaps that which follows may be done by some other hand An Advertisement THE Chronology of this History being obscure it will be necessary to offer something towards the clearing of it Our Author continues the History of the Peloponnesian War which Thucydides began and brought down as far as the end of Summer in the Twenty first Year of the War to the Second Battel at Mantinea containing the Space of Forty eight Years Didorus Siculus affirms in his XIII Book that Xenophon was the Continuator of Thucydides but mistakes in asserting that Thucydides wrote to the Twenty second Year of the War because the latter in the close of his VIII Book says That the Twenty first Year would not be Compleated till the Winter that succeeded the Summer where he breaks off his History was elapsed Some learned men allow Xenophon to be the Continuator of Thucydides but yet they would have the History of some Years wanting concluding it both from the abrupt beginning which has no Introduction as the rest of his Works and from the Account by Olympiades and Archons 'T is very probable the first may be so far true that something may be defective though not whole Years but the Argument they fetch from the Olympiades and Archons to prove it is insufficient because that Account was not so early in use as these Authors as has been formerly observ'd by a learned Gentleman and therefore I have set them in the Margin as being a Gloss and inserted into the Text. Moreover the constant Notation of Time throughout Thucydides and Xenophon is by Summer and Winter and 't is by accident that either of them make any mention of Olympick Years and when they do 't is not in relation to the Annals of the History but to some dependance the History has on them But further to prove that Xenophon was the Continuator of Thucydides I shall alledge a Law of the Lacedemonians that barred the same person from being twice Admiral which is mentioned both in the second Book of this History and by Plutarch in the Life of Lysander on this occasion The Lacedemonians being vanquisht by the Athenians in the Sea Fight at Arginusae their Affairs were reduced to a very ill Condition yet the Confederates resolving to repair their former Losses Requested the Lacedemonians to send them Lysander to Command their Fleet having the experience of his Conduct in the Fight at Notium wherein he overthrew the Athenians The Lacedemonians answered them that by their Law none might be twice Admiral thereupon they gave Aracus the Command of the Fleet choosing Lysander to go in Quality of his Vice-Admiral Moreover the Admirals continued but a year in their Office For we find in the first Book of this History that as soon as Lysander's year was elaps'd the Lacedemonians sent Callicratidas to succeed him Furthermore Thucydides in his last Book witnesses that Mindarus succeeded Astyochus in the Command of the Fleet and Xenophon in the first Book of his History implies that he was Admiral because he mentions Hegesandridas as his Vice-Admiral Therefore since none could be twice Admiral by the Lacedemonian Law and none could bear that Office longer than a year And being Thucydides in the end of the eighth Book and Xenophon in the beginning of this History affirm that Mindarus was Admiral it follows that the one ends and the other begins in the same year In the next place it is to be considered that there are two Opinions concerning the duration of the War. Thucydides in his Fifth Book says That it lasted Twenty seven years and ended when the Walls of the Pireus were demolished but Xenophon says Twenty eight and an half acounting till the time that Lysander return'd home in Triumph Yet there was but half a year betwixt the Demolishing of the Walls and Lysander's Triumph so that there is the difference of a year between both Accounts To this I answer that as there are two ends of this War so there are as many beginnings For Thucydides accounts from the time of Action and Xenophon from the Declaration of the War which was when the Ambassadors of the Allies assembled at Lacedemon to Confederate against the Athenians and the like Supputation Thucydides makes in his Second Book where he says That Pericles died two years and an half after the War began which must be understood in Xenophon's sense and not in his own Having thus proved that Xenophon is the Continuator of Thucydides and that there is no defect of any year I proceed to set out the Six years and an half of the Peloponnesian War that this Author writes of the end of the Twenty first year and beginning of the Twenty second are not distinguished Whereupon I have followed Diodorus Siculus herein and placed the Death of Mindarus in the end of the Twenty first year and began the Twenty second with the Banishment of the Syracusian Captains the other five years are expresly distinguished The rest of the Chronology is very obscure which amongst other things makes me think that Xenophon did not finish this Piece because the Notation of Time is frequently omitted and in many places the Sequel of an Action not continued but interrupted with some new relation I have in order to the clearing of it made four Periods the first to the Fight at Cnidus the second to the Antalcidean Peace the third to the Battel at Leuctra and the fourth to that at Mantinea And because the Marks of Time are wanting in Xenophon I have fitted them to the Annals of Diodorus Siculus

disbanded them all departing home The Athenians taking into consideration Callias Archon that the Lacedemonians had a Formidable Power that they had passed by Attica to attack Thebes and that the Corinthian War was ended tried two of those Captains which conspired with Millo against Leontiades Party one whereof they executed and the other they banished because he fled from Justice The Thebans also fearing lest they should be left alone in the War against the Lacedemonians found out this contrivance They as 't is thought corrupted Spodrias Governour of Thespiae to enter Attica and engage the Athenians in a War with the Lacedemonians He hearkned to them and undertook to surprize the Piraeus which was yet without Gates In order thereto he refreshed his men and marched out of Thespiae very early giving out that he would reach the Piraeus by Day though it was Day when he arrived at Thria so that he could not conceal his Design from being discovered Therefore in his return he drove away the Cattle and plundered the Houses Some that met him came flying by Night to the City and informed the Athenians that a great Army was entred their Countrey whereupon the Heavy-armed men and Horse that were upon the Guard armed At that time the * Etymocles Aristolochus Ocellus Lacedemonian Ambassadors at Athens were entertained by Callias their Publick Host but when this News came the Athenians seized them and committed them to safe Custody suspecting them to be concerned in this Conspiracy The Ambassadors being amazed at it made their Defence saying they would ne'r have been such Fools if they had known the Piraeus was to have been seized as to have remained in the City under their Power nor with a Publick Host where they might so easily be found out adding that it would appear the Lacedemonians themselves knew nothing of it and that they would soon hear that the Republick would punish Sphodrias Thus they having purged themselves were discharged The Ephori recalling Sphodrias impeached him of High Treason and he being frighted made no appearance yet was acquitted Many thought these Proceedings of the Lacedemonians were unjust The reason hereof was this Sphodrias had a Son named Cleonymus newly come to man's Estate being the most beautiful and renowned of his Equals whom Archidamus Agesilaus's Son intirely loved Cleombrotus's Friends being very intimate with Sphodrias were inclined to acquit him but because he had committed so hainous a crime they feared as well Agesilaus and his Party as those that were indifferent A while after Sphodrias said to Cleonymus Son you may save your Father's Life by intreating Archidamus to prevail with his Father to be favourable to me in my Trial. He hearing him say so put on confidence and going to Archidamus begged of him to bring his Father off Archidamus seeing Cleonymus weep wept too and after he had heard his Petition said to him you know Cleonymus I am not able to look my Father in the face but when I would carry any thing in the City I make use rather of any than him Yet since you command me assure your self I 'll use my utmost endeavour to serve you herein After that Archidamus went home from the Publick Eating-place and reposed himself in the Morning as soon as he was up he took care to observe his Father's walking abroad and when he saw him go forth if there were any of the Spartans by he let them discourse with his Father and if there were any Strangers or Servants that desired to make their Addresses he gave way for them too At length as Agesilaus was returning home from the Eurotas The River on which Sparta stands Archidamus went away and came not near his Father and the next day he did so again Agesilaus suspecting for what he went after him so askt him no Questions but let him go his way In the mean time Archidamus you may be sure had a great desire to see Cleonymus but to go to him before he had discoursed his Father he could not Then Sphodrias's Friends seeing Archidamus did not come to his House so often as he was wont were at their Wits end lest Agesilaus should have given him a rebuff At last Archidamus ventured to go and thus accosted him Father Cleonymus desired of me to beg of you that you would save his Fathers Life and I make it my request that it may be granted Agesilaus answered him I forgive you but I don't see how I shall get my own pardon from the Republick for not condemning one that has taken Bribes to the prejudice of his Countrey At that time he replied nothing again being convinced by the Justice of what his Father said but went his way Yet afterwards whether he took notice of it by his own motion or that it was hinted to him by some body else he went to him and said Father I know that if Sphodrias had not offended you would have acquitted him for Innocencie's sake and if he has pardon him for mine Agesilaus made him this Answer if it be consistent with my Honor it shall be so which when he heard he went away with small hopes About that time one of Sphodrias's Friends discoursing with Etymocles said I believe all you that are of Agesilaus's Party will be for putting Sphodrias to death Etymocles replied why should we not follow Agesilaus's Opinion seeing he tells every one he discourses about it that it is impossible to bring him off Yet it would be hard for him to be put to death in the Flower of his Age who has behaved himself so well when a Child a Youth and a Man grown for Sparta wants such Soldiers He hearing this told it Cleonymus who being pleased therewith went directly to Archidamus saying Now I know you have a respect for me and I would have you rest satisfied that my endeavours shall be so as your love mayn't be misplaced Nor was he deceived in him for he behaved himself honourably in his Countrey as long as he lived and fought at Leuctra under General Dino before the King where charging in the formost of the Battel he fell in the midst of the Enemy greatly afflicting Archidamus Nor was he according to his Promise a Dishonour but a Credit to him After this manner Sphodrias got off whereupon the Athenians that favoured the Interest of the Boeotian Faction possessed the People that the Lacedemonians were so far from punishing Sphodrias that they commended him for plotting against Athens Upon that the Athenians immediately after made Gates to the Piraeus built Ships and vigorously assisted the Boeotians The Lacedemonians decreed that an Army should be sent against the Thebans and desired Agesilaus to take the Command of it esteeming him one of better Conduct than Cleombrotus He told them that he would comply with the pleasure of the State what ever it was and so prepared for his march But when he understood that it would be no easie matter to enter the Thebans Countrey