General Yet this I grant that in this Satyre there is not such rowling eloquence as generally flows in the rest which yet I will not attribute to his old age though it is clear that he writ it in his old age because at that season of his lise he writ also the 15th Satyre which does not yield to any for an admirable expression of natural compassion Wherefore I think most conveniently that it was some first draught or design of a Satyre intended by our Author and so a True one not a Perfect one The occasion of this Satyre is thought to have been our Poet's employment into Aegypt whither it is said he was sent under the pretence and honour of some Military service but indeed by way of revenge for jeering at Paris though but a Player yet Domitian's favourite who as it is said Sat. 8. was able to bestow Offices as Praefectures and the like But whereas Lubin thinks that our Poet writ this when he was fourscore years of age I belive he much mistakes or else he must assign unto him a very long life For though we should suppose that he writ not at least not publish'd this to avoid danger till Domitlan's death which was eleven years after this Service and Junius his Consulshi and not till then reckon our Poet to be 80 years of age it would follow that he lived an 100 years which I know none that offer to affirm since he himself mentions threescore years from Fonteius his Consulship Anno urbis Conditae 811. which number reaches from thence to the Third year of Adrian A.V.C. 871. between which and Domitian's death are above 20 years namely the reign both of Nerva and Trajan which should by that account be added to the former 80. Some tell us in explication of the beginning of the 13th Satyre that Juvenal writ in the 21th year of Trajan but we may remember that Trajan reigned not full twenty years Britanicus somewhat more warily thinks that Juvenal writ all his work in Trajan's time but if he had said that he publish'd it not till then he had I think spoken neerer the truth since it must be granted that some of his Satyres at least some part of them were written and though not divulg'd yet discovered before for else how could he have been thus sent into Aegypt for writing against Paris 2. His Judge a Cassock clothes Bardiacus judex datur hac punire volenti The Poet here under pretence of setting out the Priviledges of Souldiers satyrically laies open their Licentiousness saying that if one who is not a Souldier have by a Souldier his teeth beaten out and his face made almost incurably black and blue yet dares he not shew his wrong to the Prator for that was the name for the City judge but anciently for the Consul also and generally for him that had anciently the government of the Army as I have noted Sat. 10. Illustrat 6. the Judge being a Souldier and the Cause by the old Law of Camillus being to he heard within the Camp that so the Souldier might not be drawn from his service In which expression the Military judge the Centurion says the Scholiast is by the Poet called Bardiacus judex or as some copier have it with little difference in the sense Bardaicus that is Gaulish or rude and barbarous as Turnebus with some expounds it or as others a Centurion wearing the Gaulish Souldier's cloak or Cassock whom he farther describes by his seat of Judicature at which as he coursely sets it out hung his boots and such ensigns Now all causes against a Souldier being to be heard within the trench fossa or strictly the rampire or bullwork vallum which encompassed the Camp no man says the Poet in so fool-hardy as to come thither to plead against a Souldier unless it be Vagellius the Mutinian Lawyer who as it seems was one in those daies that would venture upon desperate Causes 3. Yet not dread so many thousand nail'd boots Offendere tot caligatos Millia clavorum Art not afraid says the Poer to he kicked or trampled on by so many rude Souldiers that wear nails in their boots Or art thou so dull so unacquainted with City-wit as not to understand such danger Can any be so fled from Rome Quis tam procul absit ab urbe Where though Vrbs signifies the Roman or City-wit yet more aptly may the Poet here say procul ab Vrbe though the Interpreters note it not if with them we will suppose that he was now in Aegypt meaning that though any were a great way from home yet they could not lack so much old wit For as he says will any be such a Pylades as to venture to plead for his friend amongst so many souldiers Or if there were any so hardy as that with such danger he durst witness a truth surely he deserv'd to be rank'd amongst our brave and vertuous Ancestors which lived in the age wherein they wore long hair and shagged beards See concerning this custome Sat. 4. Illustrat 17. and Sat. 5. Illustrat 6. and chiefly Sat. 6. Illustrat 25. but in this place we may especially take notice of his description of Souldiers by their nail'd boots The common copies have here Cum duo crura habeas offendere tot caligatos Millia clavorum But Dempster on Rosinus lib. 10. cap. 29. reads better from his Manuscript though to the same sense offendere tot caligas tot Millia clavorum Art not afraid to offend so many boots so many thousand nails Caligatus is in use of speech a Souldier and so used by Vmbritius in the close of the third Satyre where he says he will come caligatus a booted or military aid that is Souldier-like to help Juvenal The word comes from Caliga which has usually been taken for leg harness but it properly signifies the Souldiers shooe as Julius Nigronus shews in his learned Dissertation de Caliga from which word arose the cognomen Caligula a diminutive from the former So Tacitus says that the Emperor Caligula was so called because eo tegmine Pedum induebatur Antonius Augustinus also I. de Numism Dial. 7. saying Caligula vix pedem tegi Isidor lib. 19. Originum cap. 34. would derive it a callo pedum and some a ligando calce i. e. into pede quasi calciliga so Salmeron Tom. 12. Tract 35. in Acta cap. 12. Some would have it the same with Gallica a Military shooe used by the Gaules and thence draw Caligula Galicula and Galoches thus Petr. Faber in his Agenistic lib. 2. cap. 34. so making Gallica the first name the next from thence Caliga both used by Tully It was a thick foal without an upper Leather having strings only to tie upon the upper part of the foot somewhat like wooden pattens the foal of the foot being thus saved from the ground but the upper part being in a manner naked In after-times the word Caliga seems to have been commonly used
Adversar Subseciv lib. 2. cap. 20. thinks to have been added to Servius by some latter Grammarian and perswades himself that there was no such annus litium Some think that annus litium implies the number of causes to have been so great that a cause could not come to trial that year in which it was first brought before the Praetor and so that a man vvas to stay till another year But vvhy should that other year be call'd annus totius populi there being no one year according even to this exposition vvherein all causes could be heard and so not totius populi Some tell us that they used to dravv lots and that accordingly Causes had their days vvith more speed or delay appointed for the Hearing In the margin also of one Manuscript namely Corpus-Christi it is noted that they did anciently appoint vvhat kind of causes they vvould here every year as vvhether they would judge De Hareditatibus an de Pupillis an de harede alieno an de Terminalibus or the like but this is Said not Proved Pithoeus therefore perswades himself and it seems the most moderate perswasion that the only meaning here is that as the Souldier had a quick dispatch in his Law-suits so the paganus or villager the Country-man as also togatus mention'd in the former part of this Satyre might stay long enough even a year or till the year but not strictly a year wherein every body's Cause should be heard Satyrically intending that he must wait for a late and a dispatching but an uncertain year Annus thus signifying here as in that of Terence dum comuntur dum launtur annus est though some more wittily read there annus est to imply she was so long in dressing that she grew old e're she had done Lastly when as the Poet speaking of the irkesome delay in Law-suits which some partly attribute to the number of the Judges the Centumviri which were all to meet say they for the dispatch of Causes says in his Satyrical expression jam ponente lacernas Caeditio it may be observed that the use of the lacerna differd in different ages it being here the garment of Coeditius a Lawier in the time of Juvenal whereas by Tully in His time it is opposed to the City-garment as is shew'd on this Satyre Illustrat 3. See also Sat. 1. Illustrat 2. It may be farther observ'd that some interpret ponente lacernas by his gown on when as the words signifie his cloak being off or laid aside yet the Authors of that interpretation tell us that Caeditius was in quirpo which assertions are inconsistent Besides though his lacerna was off he was not in Cuerpo for so the Spaniard writes the word but we grant he was in his Gown which was according to the Custome of those times as I have shew'd Sat. 1. Ill. 2. wherein against rain and cold they did abroad wear the Lacerna upon the Gown but in the Court probably for conveniency of business the Solemnity of the place they laid it aside The End of the Illustrations of Decimus Junius Juvenalis Laus Deo FINIS Aulus Persius Flaccus HIS SATYRES TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH By BARTEN HOLYDAY Master of Arts and Student of CHRIST CHURCH In OXFORD And since by him reviewed and amended as also augmented with several Illustrations Hinc trahe quae dicas mensamque relinque Mycenis Cum capite pedibus OXFORD Printed for J. Adams and F. Oxlad senior and F. Oxlad junior Anno Domini 1673. THE PREFACE CONCERNING The Life of Persius AS the Lives of Men are not without trouble so sometimes neither the Desctiptions of them not the Names as of this our Author Aulus Persius Flaccus which last has by some vainly been thought to have been assum'd by him in respect of his imitation of Horace in his Satyres who was of the same Surname But Ascentius and others take it for the nomen Gentilitium or ancient surname of our Poet who was descended from the Flavian family one of the most famous for Antiquity and Nobleness both by Blood and Affinity at Volaterrae the place of our Poet's birthâ—â—â— His father Flaccus whose other names we find not mention'd was a Roman Knight as in his time out Poet also who was born in the XXI year of Tiberius the day before the Nones of December that is the fourth in the Consulship of Lucius Vitellius and Fabius Persicus not Priscus as Helvicus has it as it appears in the old Gloss where his Life is publish'd by the learned Pithaenus as also in the accurate edition of the Fasti Consulares publish'd by Dionysius Gothofrod At his fathers death he was left young not fully six years old His Mother Fulvia Sisennia afterwards married one Fusius a Roman Knight and within a few years buried Him also Our Poet studied till he was twelve years of age at Volaterrae after that at Rome under the instruction of Remmius Palaemon a Grammarian and Virginius Flaccus a Rhetorician When he was XVI years old he grew so acquainted with Annaeus Cornutus by Country an African by profession a Stoick Philosopher that he never after left his friendship and from him had a moderate introduction into Philosophy His friends from his youth were Caesius Bassus a Lyrick Poet and Calpurnius Sura who died a youth in Persius his life time Servilius Novianus he reverenced as a father By Cornutus his means he became acquainted also with Annaeus Lucanâ—s one of Cornutus his Auditours at the same time with him For at that time Cornutus was a writer of Tragedies and left behind him divers Books of Philosophy But Lucanus so admir'd the writings of Flaccus that hearing him read his verses he could scarce contain from crying out publickly that they were absolute Poems It was late e're he fell into the acquaintance of Seneca but not late e're he fell into an admiration of his wit Living with Cornutus he us'd the familiarity of two most learned and vertuous Men and at that time sharp Philosophers Claudius Agaternus a Lacedaemonian Physitian and Petronius Aristocrates a Magnesian whom he singularly admir'd and imitated they being Contempories and Cornutus his juniors He was almost for ten years highly beloved by Poetus Thraseus so that sometimes he travel'd with him Thraseas having married Persius his Kinswoman Arria As for his Poems he writ in his Childhood a Book call'd Praetexta concerning the Gown which Noblemen's Sons wore another of his Journies and if we guess the corrupted Gloss into sense some verses upon Arria that kill'd her self before her Husband All which were abolish'd by the Counsel and Persuasion of Cornutus to Persius his Mother after his Death He writ seldom and slowly though betimes in respect of his beginning to write For as soon as he left his Master's School having read the tenth Book of Lucilius he did earnestly endeavor to write Satyres the beginning of whose book he did imitate quipping himself first and afterwards all others with
Dish a Cook rare sauce provide Amidst which wasts Quintilian they 'll allow Hardly two Sesterces A Son is now His Fathers least Expence How 27 then abounds Quintilian with such Forrests and large grounds Examples here of such New Fates omit He that has Luck is Fair and of sharp wit He that has Luck is wise and High-born too And wears 28 the bright Half-moon on his black Shoe He that has Luck Figures and Reasons flings And though with cold he 's Hoarse right sweetly sings Oh there 's strange difference what Stars guard thy head VVhen first thou criest and from fresh birth look'st Red. Poor Rhetoricians Fortune can make strange Consuls or These to Rhetoricians change VVhat was Ventidius what was Tullies State But Stars and the strange Pow'r of hidden Fate The Fates Crown Slaves on Captives Triumphs throw He 's Lucky yet more Rare then a white Crow Many for Greif have left the barren Chair Thrasymachus prov'd This by his Despair Poor Secundus Carinas Athens taught VVhich ne're durst give save a cold Hemlock-draught May the Ancients Ghosts under soft Earth find rest VVith flow'rs and Endless Spring be their Urnes blest A Tutor as a Parent They esteem'd The Rod t' Achilles grown-big Awe-full seem'd VVhiles on his Country Hills he sung Although 29 His Masters Tail might make one Laugh ye know Ruffus his Boys now beat Ruffus who oft At Tullie's Allobrogian Rhet'rick scoft VVho brings t' Enceladus his Lap or learn'd Palaemons what their Grammer-toil has earn'd Of This yet less then Rhetoricians pay Acoenitus the Lad's Guide Bites-away Part part the Steward breaks off too Yet ' bate Palaemon somewhat of the utmost rate As they that thick Blankets and white Ticks sell So that thy Mid-night-rising to teach well Thou loose not quite VVhat Smith then toils so hard Or who that wool with snag-tooth'd wire does card So some gain comes from th' Oile whose stink annoys Of so many rank Lamps as there stood boys VVhen all their Horace was quite soil'd when thick VVhen fat smoak did to their daub'd Virgil stick Yet 30 without suit before the Tribune pay They seldom do but see dire Laws ye lay Upon the Master He each Rule must shew Each word read stories and all Authors know As his own Nails and Fingers As 31 he goes To the Hot Baths or Phoebus his propose your doubts who was Anchises's Nurse The Name And Country of Archemorus's step-dame How long Acestes lived with what store Of wine the Phrygians left Sicilia's shoar He straight must tell Make him with thumb that lacks No skill shape soft youths like a face in wax Make him the Father of his School and sure To watch least they be mutually impure Not easie 't is to note so many hands And leudly trembling eies Tend these commands Says he At 32 th' years end so much gold thou lt have As for a Conquerer at the Shews They crave ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE Seventh Satyre A Doubt about the Emperour here prais'd as the Patrone of Learning discuss'd Conducere furnos not us'd in This place Proverbially against Curio Turnebus his Exposition of Migrate in atria not admitted Machaerophori Auctio The Reading and Exposition of traducit Gallica talo examin'd Auditors anciently invited to hear Poems Coena diserta and Comites why so call'd Ferratius his Exposition of Ohe not here appliable Autumnus his interpretation of Hydri and Atreus likewise Britannicus and Pulmannus his Exposition of pignotat Atreus Fregit subsellia how expounded by Scaliger the Scholiast Lubin and some others best by Britannicus Aurum Semestre differenâ—ly expounded from the Scholiast Autumnus his Exposition of vinum nescire Decembri Plays anciently sold for the use of the Stage The Price of Terence's Eunuchus at the second presenting Pragmaticus Dubium Nomen Codex expounded against Beroaldus Britannicus his Exposition and others of Russati pone Lacertae not admitted the Scholiasts and Marcellus Donatus his approved Different acceptions of Bubulco Judice Scalarum palmae ill expounded by Britannicus and Lubin rightly by Brodaeus Casaubon and Dempster The Custome of fixing Palm-boughs to the doors of Lawyers which obtain'd the Victory in a Cause Epimenia Bulbi The mistakes of some about Vinum Tiberi devectum Conturbate The low rate of Lawyers Fees Antepedes and Circumpedes how distinguish'd by Agraetius Mothers and Kinsfolk brought weeping before the Judges by Lawyers to move compassion towards their offending Children and Kinsfolk Crambe the fancies of Scoppa Pulmannus Ponticus Virunnius the Scholiast and partly of Pithaeus and some others about it propos'd Politian's approv'd Balnea sexcentis rightly interpreted by Britannicus ill by Lubin The vast expence on Baths Their Magnificence and Form shew'd from Du Choul with the Furnace and distinct vessels for variety of waters Popma's errour about Caenatio 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Outward Darkness according to Maldonate and Pignorius The Antiquity of Forrests Quintilians wealth and supposed Honor. Palaemon the Grammarians yearly Revenue The Figure of the Moon worn on the shooe of the Roman Nobility and by some amongst the Jews The Reason of the Roman Custome best express'd by Isidore Some differences about the Place and Matter of it whether it be rightly termed fibula by Rhodigin Britannicus his errour about the Office of Tribuni Plebis learnedly observed by Alexander ab Alexandro Tribuni aerarii their inferior form of Indicature Thermae Phaebi Balnea Daphnes Balineum Daphnidis the great price of it Bayes usually planted at the Baths The Reward of the Conquerer at the Shew 1. ONly in Caesar In Caesare tantum It is a great doubt here amongst the Interpreters which of the Caesars is here intended The Scholiast takes it for Nero but without proof or probability as may appear from the confirmation of a better opinion Some understand it of Nerva some of Trajan who as Britannicus shews out of Pliny and Autumnus out of Tacitus was a favourer of Learning But there being in this Satyre mention of Statius Contemporary with our Poet as of a person then flourishing and likewise of Paris the Pantomime potent at the time wherein our Poet writ this Satyre and who was also put to death by Domitian these praises cannot extend to Trajan's time Lubin therefore understands it of Domitian saying that though he were a cruel Tyrant yet in the beginning of his raign he had some shew of Vertue particularly of bounty alleadging Sueton for it but chiefly that of Quintilian in Prolog lib. 4. saying of Domitian quo nec praesentius aliquid nec studiis magis propitium numen est Yet Lubin observing Juvenal to inveigh here against the avarice of Great men neglecting the wretched estate of learned men in those times confesses him to be in this Satyre very inconstant and some have thought this written only to move Domitian to be such a Patron as he is here described to be rather then to Testify that he was such a one Others suppose that seeing he writ so fiercely
against Domitian in the fourth Satyre he writes here only Ironically which reason I think not sufficient though there be some truth in it it being evident to the observing Reader that Juvenals Satyres were not written according to the order in which they now are placed this seventh Satyre for instance being written in the life time of Domitian but the fourth after his death which is mention'd in the end of that Satyre Wherefore amongst these diversities I think these praises to be here ascribed to Domitian not for a general patronage shew'd towards learned men as may plainly appear from the whole course of this Satyre except in the beginning in the misery of learn'd men of diverse professions yet for the special favour towards some eminent wits in his Raign as Valerius Flaccus Statius Martial and Quintilian who egregiously magnified even Domitian Here then may be observ'd Juvenals reasons both for the praise and dispraise of the same person likewise his Satyrical wit implying the sorry condition which some of these might have fallen into had they not been sustain'd by special favour and lastly our Poets ingenuity that conceal'd not the Beft of a Bad man 2. To rent at Gabii a small Bath or thought to take at Rome some Bake-house Balneolum Gabiis Romae conducere furnos Tentarent Caelius Secundus Curio on this place thinks that it was an ancient proverb against poor men which quak'd with cold that they must think of taking upon a rent a Bath or a Bake-house alleadging that of Horace Qui frigus collegit furnos balnea laudat Which witty conjecture I grant may be admitted by way of allusion but to speak in the strict fidelity of an Interpreter I think the Poet to speak here rather historically which is the more probable because he adds such things as were not sutable with that proverb as that some Poets became Criers in which imployment according to the season of the year whiles in open places they waited for Chapmen they might quake through cold as well by their Office as by their Poverty I retain therefore the ordinary exposition of Britannicus and others 3. But poor Clio crept for releif to a Rich door Esuriens migraret in atria Clio. Some expound this of some Poets who as they think became Porters to Great men others more tolerably think that they went as mean Clients to Rich mens doors for the Sportula or Basket-doal The learned Turnebus thinks because there is immediately before mention of praecones that therefore by atria are here understood atria Licinia and such like in which large and publick places publick sales of goods were usually made That there were such places I acknowledge for a truth yet I think them not to be here intended by the Poet who being to give a reason why some Poets turn'd Criers says Cumesuriens migraret in atria Cliâ— that is as I think turn Parasites to Great men Which exposition I may strengthen from these two reasons the one drawn from a like expression in another place of this same Satyre where he says tu Nobilium magna atria curas when as thou art neglected by the great ones wilt thou yet be so base as to haunt their Porches and continue their Parasite The other from the coherence of this place where the Poet says that some thought it not vile to become Criers when as they saw others become Parasites this condition being simply base but that though mean being yet honest But if it were expounded according to Turnebus that some turn'd Criers when they saw others do so that is when they saw others go into the places of publick sales it were methinks a very weak expression whereas the other is very Satyrical and sutable to what immediately follows Nam si c. for well might they says he turn Criers like Machaera when they had not a farthing in purse Thus then Praecones fieri and migrare in atria is not the same the latter signifying to turn Parasite Where by the way the Poets Satyrical wit may be observed who in the recital of the wares set to publick sale claps in amongst Cup-boards Chests and such trumpery the Poems of some silly Artists in his time such as were Bacchus or as others read it Paccius and Faustus whose fabulous compositions he names and flouts at 4. Machaera's name and trade Some think that Machaera here signifies a foot-man with a weapon by his side meaning that needy Poets might become such many such usually in travail attending their Lord. But to call such a one by the name Machaera is harsh they being commonly and rightly called Machaerophori see Tully ad Q. Fratrem lib. 2. epist 8. This exposition then savouring of affectation I take Machaera as most Interpreters do for a proper name 5. Sell what the intrusted publick sale sets-our Et vendas potius commissa quod auctio vendit I render Auclio by a publick Sale committed to the criers diligence and art though strictly the word auclio might be rend'red the Raise-price it being an increasing of the price according to the offers of several Chapmen 6. From poor Galatia brought in bare-foot plight Altera quos nudo traduxit Gallia talo I might litterally have render'd altera Gallia the other France but commonly it is call'd Gallo-graecia or Galatia a Country in Asia the less divers of which Country coming poor and even bare-footed to Rome were started up to Knight-hood And here whiles the Poet says quos traduxit brought over Sea from Asia to Rome some understand a scoff in the word traduxit as if he said whom it traduc'd or jeer'd-over hither because they came barefooted which sense I grant the word bears and may be here so understood yet only in a second place not necessarily the word often signifying in a more simple sense Rigaltius reads traducit gallica talo adding Glâ—â—e veteres Gallicula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I suppose his learned diligence rather cites it then approves it for an Exposition Gallicula which some make the same with Caligula was the Gaulish shooe worn by Souldiers and so it should signifie according to this Exposition they came rude to Rome with their Gaulish shooes which sense that they came with their galliculae and yet nude talo seems a little incongruous the gallicula being though a patten a soal without an upper leather yet so much shoot as came above the talus or ankle See Sat. 16. Illust 3. Besides in what sense altera shall be here applied to Gallicula I discern not 7. Saffron-Vellume-Book Croceae membrana tabellae The Poet calls it so from the colour of it which was yellow or like Saffron Persius Sat. 3. calls it bicolor membrana the hairy side being of one colour the other side of another 8. No Patrone does the Seats or Stairs bestow That hang at the hir'd Scaffold-beam or know What the Orchestra cost rais'd for chief friends And Chairs recarried when the Reading-ends Nemo
Good surmount VVouldst choose the dragg'd Sejanus's robe to wear Or 23 Rule at Gabis and Fidenae bear And at empty Vlubrae freely speak Though a course Aedile and false measures break VVhat then he should have wish'd thou dost confess Sejanus knew not For whiles he did press After too great Honours and wealth his Fate Rais'd but more stories in his Tow'r of State VVhence to a greater Ruine after all VVith a huge Pitch-pole he was forc'd to fall The Crassi the Pompeii what o'rethrew Or Caesar who the tam'd Quiritians drew To 's scourge wa st not High Place sought by the worst Arts and Great Vowes obtain'd of Heav'n and Curs'd To Ceres's Son-in-Law 24 few Kings descend Unslain few Tyrants with a Dry death End Demosthenes or Tullie's Tongue and Fame He 25 craves all Pallas's Feast-days without Shame VVhose young three-farthings wit can yet scarce prate On whom a Keeper and small Satchel wait Yet both these Oratours fell by their Tongue From their exundant wit their Ruine sprung VVit chop'd off Tullie's Hand and Head but ne're Did Silly Lawyers blood the Pew besmear O 26 Rome redeem'd deem'd lost yet Happy born VVhen as thy Consul's Robes by me were worn He might have scorn'd Antonie's Sword if still He ' had writ no better I 'de write lines as ill Rather then Thee Divine Philippick Bold Though fam'd which art after the First unroul'd He perish'd too whose tongue Athens admir'd At 27 whose Curb the full Theater râ—tir'd Yet was he born with adverse Gods and Fate VVhom his course blear-ey'd Father that did wait On glowing It'n and smoak sent from his trade From Coal 28 Tongs Anvil upon which are made Good Swords from all his black Vulcanian tools Unto the Rhetoricians fatal Schools The spoils of VVar 29 a Coat of Maile fix'd high On Trophie's Snags a Beaver hanging by One joint from a cleft Helmet a Beam maim'd Chariot a Gallie's Flag by conquest sham'd And on High Arch a drooping Captive vain Opinion counts a bliss more then Humane The Roman Grecian and Barbarian raise Themselves to Toile and Danger for this Praise The thirst of Fame does so much more Infire The Breast then Vertue which who does desire VVithout Reward Yet former times can show Kingdoms lost by the glory of a few VVhose Aime was Titles that should never die Fix'd on proud Tombs wherein their ashes lie Which the wild Fig-tree yet for all their State Shrewdly casts down For Tombs too have their Fate Weigh Hannibal of 's Dust how many pounds Find ye To Him yet Africk yields not bounds On whose West-shoar th' Atlantick waves do beat The Eastern stretching-out to Nilus's Heat To Ethiopia's Inhabitants It runs too and 30 to th' other Elephants He adds Spain Next the Pyrenaeans show Him way Nature opposes th' Alpes and Snow He digs through Rocks with Vinegar he eats Through Mountains Now in Italy he seats Himself and yet ev'n There more must be won Nothing alas says he as yet is done Unless our Punick Pow'r forcing Rome's Gates In their Suburra on our Ensigne waits O goodly Face and Picture A one-Eyed Gen'ral does a Getulian Beast bestride Well what 's his End O Glory A Defeat He has Flies into Exile There this Great Strange Client waits at Court his Moan to make When the Bythinian Tyrant's pleas'd to wake Yet neither Swords nor Stones nor Arrows can Drive this tumultuous Soul from this Wild Man But That which just revenge at last did bring For so much blood at Cannae shed That Ring Go Mad-man Pass the dire Alpes to please fools To be a Declamation for the Schools To the Pellaean youth one worlds small Ground Poor wretch he Sweats in the worlds narrow bound As if Gyarian Rocks inclos'd him or small Seriphus Yet when Babylons brick-wall He enters a Tomb serves him 'T is made known VVhat Dwarfs our Bodies are by Death alone Men once beleiv'd Athos was sail'd about And all that lying Greece dares story-out That those Ships pav'd the firm Sea which did beat Chariot-wheels We believe deep Rivers were Drunk up and dried whiles the Mede din'd Nay things Which 31 Sostratus does chaunt with moistned wings How yet left the Barbarian Salamine VVhose whips once made Corus and Eurus whine Such in th' Aeolian Dungeon they ne're found Earth-shaking Neptune too his Shackels bound 'T was well he Stigmatiz'd him not What God VVould be at such a frantick Masters Nod But how return'd he Ev'n in one small boat Through shoals of Carcasses which still did float In waves of blood His Prow was almost tir'd Loe the Reward of Glory so desir'd Give length of Life O Jove give many years VVith 32 face direct This only pale with fears Thou begg'st Yet what continual Ills how strange Greive Age Chiefly a Face by deform'd change Unlike it self No Skin but a foul Hide Behold Bagg'd cheeks with wrinkles deep and wide In 33 Tabracha's large Shades a Gran'ame-Ape Just such in her old mumping cheek does scrape Young men do differ much Some are more Fair Then others Some then some far stronger are There 's but one Face of Age Limb and Voice gâ—ows Feeble Th' Head 's bald Moist is the Baby-Nose With Gums disarm'd alas their bread they press VVife Children and themselves they do distress They'd tire the Soother Cossus VVine and Meat Yield not the Palate th' old delight and heat Lust they long since forgot which would'st thou know Now yet a broken belly would say No. No Art or Time repairs thee When the true Moisture of Life is gone can'st hope for new Now Sick and Old we justly do suspect Such as do pleasure without strength affect Behold the loss now of another part For what delight is there from Voice and Art Of rare Musitian 34 though Selencus 't were Or such as use th' Imbroider'd Cloak to wear In the large Theater he needs no choice Of Sear he scarce hears Cornets or the voice Of Trumpets Loud they bawl to make him know VVho 's at his door or how the hours do go In his cold Veins the little blood 's ne're hot VVithout a Feaver All Diseases got Into one band do dance about him though If you inquire their names I 'le sooner show How many Adult'rers Hippia had how many 35 Sick in one Autumne Themison did bane ye How many Associates Basilus disseated How many woeful VVards rich Iru cheated How many Towns He Owns who went snip snip As his quick Sizzers my young beard did clip One's Shoulders weak another's Loins One Cries-Out on his Hip. He has lost both his Eies And Envies those that have one lest This lingers And his pale lips take food from others fingers At sight of Meat one with mouth drawn awry Like the young Swallow yawnes to whom does fly The hungry dam with food in mouth Yet then All loss of limb fan worse is Dotage when One does forget his Servants Names A known Friends Face that Supp'd with him lastâ—night his
Crimes Nature 's Invention has yet giv'n no name From any Metal Yet for wrong exclaime We do O Faith of Gods and Men More loud The Doal makes not the Clients that praise proud Fessidius when he Pleads Speak Grave Sire right Fit for the Childs Boss know'st not the delight Another's mony yields VVhat sport th' art grown Silly Man to the Rout when thou 'dst have none Forswear but at each Shrine and Altar red VVith Blood think some God present The Home-bred Latines liv'd thus 3 e're Saturn forc'd to fly Did use the rustick Sith his Crown laid-by VVhen Juno was a girle and Jove for fear VVas hid in Ida's Caves when no Feasts were Above the Clouds no Ilian boy nor fair Hebe to fill Joves cup Nectar then rare No Vulcan quaff'd wiping his coarse armes grown Black from his Liparaean forge Alone Ev'ry God din'd Then was there no such rout Of Gods as Now A few did serve throughout The well-contented Skies and so did press The wretched Atlas with a weight far less The Seas by Lot had no dread Prince nor sate Stern Pluto then with his Sicilian mate No VVheel Stone Furies vulture foul they had VVithout infernal Kings the Ghosts were glad Villany then was wonder 'T was a size Of Crime worth Death if young men did not rise To th' Old a Boy to All with Beards though He More Strawberies and huge Acorn-heaps might see At Home Then Four-years-more such awe did win Sacred as Old Age was the Downy Chin. Now if a friend does but make good his Trust If he restores th' Old Pouch with all the Rust 'T is Prodigy by Tuscan Art to be Search'd and Purg'd with a Crown'd Lamb when I see A Holy man this Monster I compare To a Child of double shape or Fish that are Found by th' amaz'd Plow or to a Mule with Foal I fear as when in showers stones down do rowl Or 4 Bees like a long Grape-bunch settle-on Some temple's top Or streams hast to be gone To th' Seas with hurrying gulfs of Milk or Blood Thou criest Ten Sesterces a false friend shou'd Restore VVhat if two hundred yet Another Have lost thus A third more though this he smother A summe his wide Chest 's corner could scarce hold To sleight Heav'ns witness we 're so prone so bold If man knows not How he denies and tears Voice and set Face By the Sun beams he swears By the Tarpeian Lightnings yet ne're starts By Mars his Jav'lin by Apollo's Darts Diana's Shafts and Quiver and thy Mace Neptune from whom Aegaeus drew his race He adds Hercules's Bows Minerva's Spear And all wherewith Heav'ns Armory strikes fear He cries if he has Sons Let me be sed VVith Pharian Vineger 5 and my boil'd Son's head If Guilty Let me weep Some think All slides By Chance and Fortune and that no Pow'r Guides The VVorld Nature revolving Days and Years All Altars these days touch Another fears Vengeance waits Guilt Gods this beleives and still Forswears He thinks Let Isis do her will On these Limmes and 6 with angry Timbrel blast My sight so I blind hold the mony fast VVhat 's a Consumption rank soars a half-thigh Poor Ladas would a Rich Gout gladly trie If 's Brain needs not Anticyra or great Archigenes VVhat does the swift foot get Or Pisa's hungry Olive-Crown And though The Anger of the Gods be Great 't is slow If then to punish All faults 't is their mind VVhen will they come to me And I may find Favour perchance some they forgive Sometimes Contrary Fates attend too the like Crimes One's Crucified for 's Fact another Crown'd Thus they their Mind which Guilt would else confound Harden Then call him to some Shrine he 's there First nay draws Thee and makes thee make him Swear For ev'n in a Bad cause great Boldness may Seem Innocence The Mimick he does Play Like neat Catullus his leud Fugitive Thou wretch with out-cry then dost Stentor strive To exceed or rather Homers Mars Dost hear This Jove not mov'st thy Lips when fit is were Thy Brass or Marble spoke why else vow-scrowles 7 Remov'd falls our free Incense on thy Coals Our Calfs slit Liver and our Hog 's white Caul For ought I see diff'rence there 's none at all Between yours and Bathyllus's statue Know VVhat comfort yet his skill though mean can shew VVhom Cynicks not yet Stoicks Rules e're â—â—â—'d VVhose odds is but one Coat nor e're admir'd Glad Epicurus his small Garden-fare For Dang'rous Patients let great Artists care To rude Philippus's Scholar trust thy vein If the Earth yields no fact of the like stain I 'am Mute with thy Fist beat thy Breast apace For me and with thy Palme thy blubber'd Face In loss we shut our Door we groan we baul More for our Gold then for a Funeral In 8 this Case no man feigns No man's content Only the Edge of his sad Gown to rent No man his Eies with a forc'd Moisture blears Lost Mony is Lamented with True tears But if all Courts of such complaints have store If though both sides read writings ten times o're Some call the wooden Hand-writ Tables Tricks Convinc'd yet by their Hand and Sardonyx Their rare Seal kept in Iv'ry-box would'st Thou Choice Sir from common Lot stand Exempt now Sure 9 thou' rt the Chick of some white Hen unmatch'd We from unlucky Egges a brood ill-hatch'd Come come thou feel'st small loss thou should'st vex less If Greater Crimes thou look'st on Thy distress Compare with a hir'd Cur-throat Flames begun By Brimstone-plot which on the door first run With those that from some old Shrine Huge Bowls steal Of sacred rust Guifts of some Common-weal And Crowns giv'n by some ancient King If these Be wanting a less Shrine-robber will seize On a gilt Hercules his thigh He 'l catch Neptune's Gold-beard one plate from Castor snatch Fears He that melts whole Joves whose thunders rent The Aire Adde those that Poisons mix or vent And whom in Oxe-hides into th' Sea we throw With whom hard fare a guiltless Ape we sow What 's this to what from Morn to Night the ear Of Gallicus our City-Judge does hear The Crimes of Mankind if thou fain wouldst know His own House shows A few days there bestow Then Dare call thyself wretch In th' Alpes who cares For a swoln throat In Meroe who stares At a dug larger then the large Babe who A German's azure eies with wonder view Or 's yellow locke like horns with moist curles rowl'd When the same Nature they in All behold Against a rushing Cloud a Thracian flight Of fowl 10 the Pygmie-warriour runs to fight In his Dwarf-armour but soon tam'd through th' aire The Crane's bow'd tallons snatch him VVhich sight rare VVith us would shake thee with a laughter There Such daily Skirmish is not Sport but Fear VVhere the whole Band 's bare one-foot high Yet shall On his false Perjur'd head no Vengeance fall Beleive 't he 's straight
diligence not usually slips for affirming that St. Jerom by these words implied that his flout was made with the neck He might have as well eccepted against Marcilius who says Pinsere autem D. Hieronymus Epist iv intellexit colli incurvatione exprimi gestum ciconiae But in the words following Marciâ—â—us does alledge the Glosse taking it for an expression made by the hand which by Ferrarius is thus describ'd in effect the same with Cornutus his exposition Manus digitis omnibus collectis in unum ad ciconini colli similitudinem curvatis inque eum directis qui irridebatur pinsentem rostro ciconiam frequenti stata motione exprimebant Pinsere signifies properly to bray as in a mortar which was at the first the manner of preparing corn for bread as now grinding is in use and from hence pistor is now taken for a baker yet but in a second sense it properly signifying one that brays in a mortar Here it is used figuratively to express the repeated motion of the hand in this kind of flour in imitation of the stork that so repeatedly strikes with the bill 5. In smooth Antitheta's his fault he weighs Crimina rasis Librat in Antithetis In case of Fame or Life to come with affected figures of speech instead of a Defence is here reprehended by the Poet For otherwise great has been the diligence of style in the most famous men as may appear by Muret in his Var. Lection lib. 18. cap. 8. where he instances in the Curiosity of some famous men in the Choice and Order of their words as in Lysias in whom any change in the order of his words makes it worse and yet as they now stand they seem to have been written without any study He tells also of Ariesto that he laboured incredibly in making the two first verses of his great work and that Petrach did as much vex himself in making the second verse of his work as appears in a copy written by Petrarch himself which Petrus Bembus had Muret remembers also the like or more to be marvell'd at in Plato in whose vvritten tables vvhich vvere sound after his death vvas seen hovv often he had alter'd the beginning of his book De Republica than vvhich beginning nothing seems more plain using the same vvords but often altering only their order So Halicarnasseus and Quintilian in his Institut lib. 8. report of Plato 6. Making a place for urine Vero quisquam faxit oletum Some interpret it more rankly by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stercus humanum so Lubin But Scoppa in his Collectan lib. 1. cap. 17. says significare stercus humanum nusquam legitur yet why he should deliver such a negative I know not since Festus also the old Grammarian testifies though Lubin cites him not for his defence but that of Veranius Sacerdotula quaedam in sacrario fecit oletum but this is of an ambiâ—â—â—us signification as also in olenticetum as Neâ—risseâ—sis notes Being therefore at liberty Civility gives the choice by which I render it I may also add that in Cato it signifies olivetum if there be not a corruption in the Copy to write Oletum for olivetum 7. Who has not asse's ears Auriculas asini quiâ— non haber Some would make the sense of this place to be that even the greatest are flouted so Cornutus the old Grammarian whiles he says appositis temporibus pollice imitantur aures asini aliis digitis quasi sannam facientes thus also Ferrarius but from Cornatus Who tells us also but without alledging any authority that this was a scoff at Claudius and Nero who as he says had large ears But the most receiv'd interâ—retation makes it an allusion to Midas 8. Nonaria Such women might not be resorted to untill the ninth hour with us is at three in the afternoon as the Old Scholiast shews on Juvenal Sat. 6. v. 115. Ausa Palatino and from thence were called Nonariae Stelluti mentions two other reasons as that they might be called so from Nonae the Nones which were counted infaustae as this sort of women was to young men or as some from Nona which anciently was called Parca the end of the ninth moneth being the season of man's birth and so implied they were fatal women 9. To study the Edicts His name Edictum Marcilius here understands by Edictum not the Praetor's edict but a programma or Bill put up by Nero to signifie that after dinner he would sing Callirhoe according as he says to the intent of Persius in this Satyre which he conceives to be principally intended against Nero. But this is spoken without warrant and though Claverius mentions it yet I do not see him approve it This which I use is most receiv'd and approved by the learned Casaubon and others I may only add that some take Callirhoe here to be the name of some famous harlot in Persius his time and that some think it to signifie some Comedy of Callirhoe whose story is in Ovid's Metamorphosis lib. 8. others of another Callirhoe mentioned in Pausanias lib. 7. or take it for a fountain to bath in so called and so by this all baths and such effeminate places to be understood as afternoon-exercises for such idle ones as he desires not to read his Satyres thus the Italian Commentator Stelluti and concerning Callirhoe as a fountain Claverius also But the use of baths being so ordinary a business amongst the Romans it seems not to me to have any Satyre in it to make but a bare recital of it wherefore I adhere to the first interpretation SATYRE II. UNTO HIS FRIEND Plotius Macrinus ARGUMENT Profane desires true sacrifice Bold sins our Poet here descries SIgne This day Macrine with a purer stone Which doth present to thee times long since gone Pour wine unto thy Genius for thy care Is not to win Jove with a bribing Prayer Not crav'st thou what thou sham'st to name for fear Except Jove's drawn aside that none may hear Though no small part of Romes cheif Nobles can Sacrifice with a Low-voic'd Incense-pan 'T is not an easy thing to take away The murmur'd whispetings of those that pray From the Gods Temples 'T is no casie thing To live with known desires They use to sing Aloud that strangers and the standers by May hear 'hem when they pray for honesty Or a good mind good fame But for the rest Of their desires inwardly th' are supprest Under their murmuring tongues such as are these Profane requests O that some strong disease Would make my Unkles brave rich funeral To bubble up O that my rake would fall As I were working on some sounding pot Of silver Hercules blessing my lot Or would I might expunge this young rich VVard By whom from great possessions I am bar'd Being the next heir for he 's with scabs perplext And is with swelling choller sharply vext There 's 1 Nereus too has bury'd yet three wives And I scarce O such men lead Happy
Instance of the stately funeral of Stephen Gardiner sometimes Bishop of Winchester a man of shrewd wisdome and excellent learning I intend only his Civil Abilities a solemnity not sutable to the son of his pretended father but as may be seen in Brook's Catalogue published by Vincent of his true father Lionel Woodvile Arch-deacon of Oxford and for some years Bishop of Salisbury the son of Earl Rivers and brother to Edward the Fourth's Queen a Man that when by the death of divers brothers the Earldome fell to Him most nobly lest it to a younger brother According to this man's excellency was the funeral of his natural son Stephen Gardiner who leaving behind him 40000 marks in ready money for Executors the Vicount Mountague and the Bishop of Ely as the worthy Bishop Godwin in his Catalogue relates had the happy honour to have his body which was enclosed in lead carried from St. Mary Overies Church where it had continued in a vault about a quarter of a year through Southwark to Winchester in a Chariot covered with black having on it an Image lively representing the person deceased cloth'd in a Goap of Gold with a Miter on the head and all manner of Pontifical attire his Great Executors attending the Corps with two hundred horse which with the consideration of the length of the journey may rank it though a late one amongst Magnificent and Ancient solemnities Concerning funeral Antiquities see Juvenal also Sat. 1. Illustrat 51. and 52. and Sat. 10. Illustrat 36. and Persius Sat. 6. Illustrat 4. SATYRE IV. ARGUMENT Young Rulers The complaint of Lust On Avarice unsit though just ARt thou a Common-wealths cheif Governor Suppose the bearded grave Philosopher Whom the cold draught of Hemlock forc'd to dye Thus to demand On what dost thou rely VVhat are thy grounds speak Alcibiades Pupil unto the famous Pericles Oh wit and grave discretion I have heard Indeed do many times prevent a Beard And so Thou knowest no doubt though th' art but young Both when to speak and when to hold thy tongue VVhen therefore the vext multitude grow hot VVith choller and their duty have forgot Thou dost but lift up thy Majestick hand And straight a general silence doth command O're the tumultuous rout Then what dost say O ye Quiritians if prevail I may I think this is not just that 's done by you Nor This 't were better if you Thus did do For thou can'st weigh truth in the double scale Of the most doubtful ballance If it fail Straightways thou know'st it yea though hid it lye Between a double crooked falsity Of if a Rule so perfect is thy sight Measure not ev'ry thing exactly right And the 1 black Theta signe of deadly shame Thou can'st prefix 'fore an offenders name Thou canst do this Oh 't were a crime to Doubt Come come Thou being fair only without And in the skin in vain leave off to shake Thy tail before the flatt'ring rout or make Suit for great offices 'till age and cares Have made thee Fit to manage such affairs Thou being fitter yet to drink good store Of pure unmixt brain-purging Hellebore Wherein consists thy last thy greatest wish In having ev'ry day a full fat dish Then with sweet oyl to ' noint my skin and lye In the Suns pleasant warmth till it be dry VVhy had'st thou with the self same question try'd This poor old woman she had so reply'd Go now and boast how thy Nobilitie Comes from th' Illustrious Dinomache Puff out thy vaunts and say I 'me comely fair To grant thee such vain praises I 'le not care When ragged gran'ame Baucis that does cry Unto the looser servants Will ye 2 buy Any sweet herbs has as much wit as thee That thus doth boast of thy vain pedegree That no man will descend to his own heart And search the secrets of that hidden part No man But have their eies fixt evermore Upon his back and bagg that goes before For do but ask a man by chance d' ye know Vectidius farmes Hel ' say Vectidius Who The Chuff of Cures he whose grounds they say A kite can scarce fly o're in a whole day Him ev'n the Gods oppose and the sure fate Of an unlucky Genius Who the date Of time bringing again the Plow-mens feast VVhen from their painful labors they have ceas'd And now hung up their weary Oxens yoke By the worn path upon some aged oke When he should freely laugh and make good chear For other Plow-men 't is but once a year Most basely fearing to pull off the clay From his small Wine-vessel he 'l sigh and say Pray Jove that this my Prodigality Bring me not in the end to beggery A coated oignion then with salt he eats His servants much applauding such brave meats Nay and rejoycing for their happy lot And for the Barly-pudding in the pot Then sparingly he sups instead of Beer The cloathy dregs of dying Vineger But straight replies the other If Thou ' noint'st VVith supple oile thy foul lubberly joints And ly'st in the hot Sun letting it beat Upon thy skin with its strong parching heat There 's one whom thou scarce know'st stands here hardby Ev'n at thine elbow that could likewise cry Against thy Manners and thy lewder art The depilation of thy modest part And of thy lungs to prostitute thereby Unto a barren lust thy pathick thigh Thy Cheeks bearing a kemb'd oil'd beard Elsewhere VVhere dost thou too-unjustly smooth appear Scrape on but though 3 five lusty wrastlers would Root up these springing Plants yea though they should With crooked pinsers by their tugging oft Weaken thy parts of shame though first made soft VVith Barbers soapy water so to yield The better to the Plowers of this Field Yet this o're-spreading fearn will never bow Unto the deepest furrow-making Plow Thus we wound others and do yield agen Our thighs unto the darts of other men And thus we know mans life pursu'd to be By this too-much-assumed Libertie Yet some mens faults because they hidden lie From the Enquiry of their Enemy Are not objected to them yet are known To him to whom they cry VVe are thine Own Thou hast a secret wound under thy side But thy broad gold-boss'd girdle doth it hide So though thou make Men say Th' art well in Vain VVill thy Side say so too that feels the pain Thou 'lt here perchance reply VVhat when as all My neighbours Me an ex'lent fellow call And say I am not as your Common men Shall I ah Can I not believe 'hem then Alas blind wretch if at the sight of gold VVith avaricious love thou waxest cold And pale if ev'ry thing thou likewise do VVhich greif-procuring Lust provokes thee to If on the Table of thy Usury By most oppressing heavy cruelty As by a strong deep-wounding scourge thou make Many a sure-imprinted grievous strake To the false-praising People thou may'st lend Thy spungy sucking ears but to no end Seem not more