General Yet this I grant that in this Satyre there is not such rowling eloquence as generally flows in the rest which yet I will not attribute to his old age though it is clear that he writ it in his old age because at that season of his lise he writ also the 15th Satyre which does not yield to any for an admirable expression of natural compassion Wherefore I think most conveniently that it was some first draught or design of a Satyre intended by our Author and so a True one not a Perfect one The occasion of this Satyre is thought to have been our Poet's employment into Aegypt whither it is said he was sent under the pretence and honour of some Military service but indeed by way of revenge for jeering at Paris though but a Player yet Domitian's favourite who as it is said Sat. 8. was able to bestow Offices as Praefectures and the like But whereas Lubin thinks that our Poet writ this when he was fourscore years of age I belive he much mistakes or else he must assign unto him a very long life For though we should suppose that he writ not at least not publish'd this to avoid danger till Domitlan's death which was eleven years after this Service and Junius his Consulshi and not till then reckon our Poet to be 80 years of age it would follow that he lived an 100 years which I know none that offer to affirm since he himself mentions threescore years from Fonteius his Consulship Anno urbis Conditae 811. which number reaches from thence to the Third year of Adrian A.V.C. 871. between which and Domitian's death are above 20 years namely the reign both of Nerva and Trajan which should by that account be added to the former 80. Some tell us in explication of the beginning of the 13th Satyre that Juvenal writ in the 21th year of Trajan but we may remember that Trajan reigned not full twenty years Britanicus somewhat more warily thinks that Juvenal writ all his work in Trajan's time but if he had said that he publish'd it not till then he had I think spoken neerer the truth since it must be granted that some of his Satyres at least some part of them were written and though not divulg'd yet discovered before for else how could he have been thus sent into Aegypt for writing against Paris 2. His Judge a Cassock clothes Bardiacus judex datur hac punire volenti The Poet here under pretence of setting out the Priviledges of Souldiers satyrically laies open their Licentiousness saying that if one who is not a Souldier have by a Souldier his teeth beaten out and his face made almost incurably black and blue yet dares he not shew his wrong to the Prator for that was the name for the City judge but anciently for the Consul also and generally for him that had anciently the government of the Army as I have noted Sat. 10. Illustrat 6. the Judge being a Souldier and the Cause by the old Law of Camillus being to he heard within the Camp that so the Souldier might not be drawn from his service In which expression the Military judge the Centurion says the Scholiast is by the Poet called Bardiacus judex or as some copier have it with little difference in the sense Bardaicus that is Gaulish or rude and barbarous as Turnebus with some expounds it or as others a Centurion wearing the Gaulish Souldier's cloak or Cassock whom he farther describes by his seat of Judicature at which as he coursely sets it out hung his boots and such ensigns Now all causes against a Souldier being to be heard within the trench fossa or strictly the rampire or bullwork vallum which encompassed the Camp no man says the Poet in so fool-hardy as to come thither to plead against a Souldier unless it be Vagellius the Mutinian Lawyer who as it seems was one in those daies that would venture upon desperate Causes 3. Yet not dread so many thousand nail'd boots Offendere tot caligatos Millia clavorum Art not afraid says the Poer to he kicked or trampled on by so many rude Souldiers that wear nails in their boots Or art thou so dull so unacquainted with City-wit as not to understand such danger Can any be so fled from Rome Quis tam procul absit ab urbe Where though Vrbs signifies the Roman or City-wit yet more aptly may the Poet here say procul ab Vrbe though the Interpreters note it not if with them we will suppose that he was now in Aegypt meaning that though any were a great way from home yet they could not lack so much old wit For as he says will any be such a Pylades as to venture to plead for his friend amongst so many souldiers Or if there were any so hardy as that with such danger he durst witness a truth surely he deserv'd to be rank'd amongst our brave and vertuous Ancestors which lived in the age wherein they wore long hair and shagged beards See concerning this custome Sat. 4. Illustrat 17. and Sat. 5. Illustrat 6. and chiefly Sat. 6. Illustrat 25. but in this place we may especially take notice of his description of Souldiers by their nail'd boots The common copies have here Cum duo crura habeas offendere tot caligatos Millia clavorum But Dempster on Rosinus lib. 10. cap. 29. reads better from his Manuscript though to the same sense offendere tot caligas tot Millia clavorum Art not afraid to offend so many boots so many thousand nails Caligatus is in use of speech a Souldier and so used by Vmbritius in the close of the third Satyre where he says he will come caligatus a booted or military aid that is Souldier-like to help Juvenal The word comes from Caliga which has usually been taken for leg harness but it properly signifies the Souldiers shooe as Julius Nigronus shews in his learned Dissertation de Caliga from which word arose the cognomen Caligula a diminutive from the former So Tacitus says that the Emperor Caligula was so called because eo tegmine Pedum induebatur Antonius Augustinus also I. de Numism Dial. 7. saying Caligula vix pedem tegi Isidor lib. 19. Originum cap. 34. would derive it a callo pedum and some a ligando calce i. e. into pede quasi calciliga so Salmeron Tom. 12. Tract 35. in Acta cap. 12. Some would have it the same with Gallica a Military shooe used by the Gaules and thence draw Caligula Galicula and Galoches thus Petr. Faber in his Agenistic lib. 2. cap. 34. so making Gallica the first name the next from thence Caliga both used by Tully It was a thick foal without an upper Leather having strings only to tie upon the upper part of the foot somewhat like wooden pattens the foal of the foot being thus saved from the ground but the upper part being in a manner naked In after-times the word Caliga seems to have been commonly used
when in large shells carouse they do VVhen round the house turns and each light seems two Go now and scarce believe with what rank flout Of nostril Tullia draw's-up air Go doubt VVhat 't is Collatia tells known Maura nigh Chastitie's Old Altar as they pass by Here stand by night their Litters here they staine The Goddess whiles her statue they prophane Here mutually they 're vile and yet although 'T is night the Moon sees all Thence home they go Thou visiting Great Friends the place dost tred VVhen Day returns where stood thy wife's leud Bed The Rites of the Good Goddess now to light Are brought where Pipe and Horn and VVine incite VVhere these astonish'd Maenades â—e're shame To run with rowling hair O inward flame The Leud Lawfella makes a Game of Sinne Rewards proposes and 35 rewards does winne Shee to worse Medullina yet gives place The Worse the Nobler Thus they mount to grace Here 's nothing feign'd All 's True Enough to fire Old Priamus and Nestor's maim'd desire But when these very Women have all done Impatiently from these Deceits they run A Lover they 'll not want though Some do blind Nature's broad Light and Sin below their Kind Yet would at least our Old and Publick Rites VVere not prophan'd with these impure delights But Moors and Indians now have learn'd by Fame VVhat singing Wench of no mean Manhood came Thither whence but a bolder Mouse if Male Must flie where a He-Picture has a Veile VVho scorn'd the Gods Then who did Fear so lack To flour at Numa's Chalice and his Black Vatican Earthen Dishes But Oh see VVhat 36 Altar from a Clodius is now free I know what you my friends advise me to Bar her restrain her with a Guard But 37 who Shall keep the Keepers Them her wit First winnes The Rich and Poor A like are in These sinnes Shee whose bare foot the durtie flint does vex And Shee that 's carried on tall Syrians necks To see the Playes Ogulnia brave Attire Servants Chair Pillow and Shee-friends does hire A Nurse and Wayting Maide with golden haire Yet though her Portion shee does thus impaire Shee wasts on smooth-chinn'd wrastlers her sweet friends What 's Left Her House-hold-stuffe at last shee spends Many at home are of Small Means But No Modesty in Such want nor Measure know To which their Need has siz'd them Yet to Thrive Sometimes their Husbands late Fore-see and strive Taught by the Learned Pismire to scape cold And Hunger whiles thâ— wife wastfully bold Observes not their decrease but as if still Mony reviv'd and th' emptied chest would fill And still be taken from the full heap they Ne're reckon VVhat for these delights they Pay Some of More Art have 38 Eunuchs for Despaire Of Beard Such for Abortive Cups ne're care If Song shee loves his 39 Button will not hold VVhose Voice the Praetor buyes Her hand 's still bold With Instruments Her Lute all-radiant swells VVith thick-set gemms the strings her rough quill tells Once soft Hedymelos us'd This Shee still VVith joy shee sweetly kisses his sweet Quill One of the High-born Lamian Race with wine And cake at Janus and at Vesta's shrine Ask'd if that Pollio to his strings renown Should win the i Capitolian Oaken Crown Sick had her Husband been could more be done More had Physitians Left her Dying Son Shee stood before the Altat and ne're fail'd Through Shame for a base Harper 40 to be veil'd The prompted words as Custome bids shee spake And at the Open'd Lamb struck pale did quake Speake I thee pray speak now most Ancient God Great Father Janus Lend'st thou These a Nodd In Heav'n yee 've wondrous Leasure then 'T is true Yee Gods for ought I see just Nothing doe This a Comoedian a Tragoedian Shee Prays for th' Aruspex needs must Crook-leg'd be Yet better shee thus Sing then haunt each street Boldly and ev'n the places where Men meet Talking before her Husband with your stout Arm'd Captains face to face with breast Layd-out VVhat 's done in the whole VVorld Shee knows what now The Scythian or the Thracian's doing How A step-dame secretly deals with her Son VVho 's Love-sick what Adulterer begun A hope but Miss'd who did a VVidow wooe And worse the Month shee knows and more Arts too 'T was shee First saw 41 the Comet that did bring Fear to th' Armenian and the Parthian King Fresh News shee catches at the Gates faigns Ground And People by Niphates to be drown'd That Cities nodd with Earthquake Hills sink down She tells to all shee meets throughout the town This is not yet so vile as she that strips Poor neighbours whom shee drags and wounds with whips VVhen shee Forgives them For if a loud curre Breaks her deep sleeps Your Cudgels straight bestirre Shee cries The Master's First bang'd the Dog Next Shee 's dreadful Met or View'd The Baths are vext With her by 42 Night Then Move with tumult great Her Bathing-Shells her Camp Thus shee will Sweat VVhen with the massie ball of lead o'retoyl'd Her arms fall down and her leud limms are Oil'd Mean-while the Ghuests whom Sleep and Hunger tame Do wait at last comes-in this ruddy Dame Thirsting for a whole Flaggon at her foot A full Urne 's plac'd A double draught must doe 't Three Pints to 43 raise fierce stomach which being wash'd The 44 Draught returns and on the floor is dash'd The Marble flows or of her Falerne strong The brave guilt bason smells as when a long Snake does into a deep tun fall shee drinks And vomits Her vex't Husband's sick and winks Shee 's yet more Irkesome at her Boord that uses Virgil to Praise Eliza's death Excuses Compares your Poets making Maro swaye One Scale 45 and does in th' other Homer waigh Grammarians yeild and Rhetoricians 46 All Stand Mute Lawier nor Cryer does so baul No nor another Woman Pow'r of Tongue You 'd say 47 so many Bells and Basons rung Your pans and Trumpets now weary no more This can alone 48 the Lab'ring Moon restore In Just Acts too New Aime 49 shee gives For shee That pretends Art and Tongue should Coated be But to th' Mid-Leg should to Sylvanus slay A hog and at the Bath the Farthing pay Let not the Dame that lies by Thee have Taught Forms of speech or with winding words and thought Hurle a short Enthymeme nor at command All stories know nor some Books Understand Her do I hate that in 50 Palaemon's art Is quick has Laws of speech and Rules each part Verses Great Antiquarâ—e does repeat To â—e unknown corrects a friend less neat Or rude in words which Men neglect yet such Soloecisme in a Husband think not much All faults a woman grants her self no check Shee feels when stately Em'ralds grace her neck VVhen great 51 Eye-checking Pearls stretch her soft cars Then a Rich wife worse Burden No man bears Her loath'd face yet worthy of Laughter 52 swells VVith paste or of Poppaean
Dish a Cook rare sauce provide Amidst which wasts Quintilian they 'll allow Hardly two Sesterces A Son is now His Fathers least Expence How 27 then abounds Quintilian with such Forrests and large grounds Examples here of such New Fates omit He that has Luck is Fair and of sharp wit He that has Luck is wise and High-born too And wears 28 the bright Half-moon on his black Shoe He that has Luck Figures and Reasons flings And though with cold he 's Hoarse right sweetly sings Oh there 's strange difference what Stars guard thy head VVhen first thou criest and from fresh birth look'st Red. Poor Rhetoricians Fortune can make strange Consuls or These to Rhetoricians change VVhat was Ventidius what was Tullies State But Stars and the strange Pow'r of hidden Fate The Fates Crown Slaves on Captives Triumphs throw He 's Lucky yet more Rare then a white Crow Many for Greif have left the barren Chair Thrasymachus prov'd This by his Despair Poor Secundus Carinas Athens taught VVhich ne're durst give save a cold Hemlock-draught May the Ancients Ghosts under soft Earth find rest VVith flow'rs and Endless Spring be their Urnes blest A Tutor as a Parent They esteem'd The Rod t' Achilles grown-big Awe-full seem'd VVhiles on his Country Hills he sung Although 29 His Masters Tail might make one Laugh ye know Ruffus his Boys now beat Ruffus who oft At Tullie's Allobrogian Rhet'rick scoft VVho brings t' Enceladus his Lap or learn'd Palaemons what their Grammer-toil has earn'd Of This yet less then Rhetoricians pay Acoenitus the Lad's Guide Bites-away Part part the Steward breaks off too Yet ' bate Palaemon somewhat of the utmost rate As they that thick Blankets and white Ticks sell So that thy Mid-night-rising to teach well Thou loose not quite VVhat Smith then toils so hard Or who that wool with snag-tooth'd wire does card So some gain comes from th' Oile whose stink annoys Of so many rank Lamps as there stood boys VVhen all their Horace was quite soil'd when thick VVhen fat smoak did to their daub'd Virgil stick Yet 30 without suit before the Tribune pay They seldom do but see dire Laws ye lay Upon the Master He each Rule must shew Each word read stories and all Authors know As his own Nails and Fingers As 31 he goes To the Hot Baths or Phoebus his propose your doubts who was Anchises's Nurse The Name And Country of Archemorus's step-dame How long Acestes lived with what store Of wine the Phrygians left Sicilia's shoar He straight must tell Make him with thumb that lacks No skill shape soft youths like a face in wax Make him the Father of his School and sure To watch least they be mutually impure Not easie 't is to note so many hands And leudly trembling eies Tend these commands Says he At 32 th' years end so much gold thou lt have As for a Conquerer at the Shews They crave ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE Seventh Satyre A Doubt about the Emperour here prais'd as the Patrone of Learning discuss'd Conducere furnos not us'd in This place Proverbially against Curio Turnebus his Exposition of Migrate in atria not admitted Machaerophori Auctio The Reading and Exposition of traducit Gallica talo examin'd Auditors anciently invited to hear Poems Coena diserta and Comites why so call'd Ferratius his Exposition of Ohe not here appliable Autumnus his interpretation of Hydri and Atreus likewise Britannicus and Pulmannus his Exposition of pignotat Atreus Fregit subsellia how expounded by Scaliger the Scholiast Lubin and some others best by Britannicus Aurum Semestre differenâ—ly expounded from the Scholiast Autumnus his Exposition of vinum nescire Decembri Plays anciently sold for the use of the Stage The Price of Terence's Eunuchus at the second presenting Pragmaticus Dubium Nomen Codex expounded against Beroaldus Britannicus his Exposition and others of Russati pone Lacertae not admitted the Scholiasts and Marcellus Donatus his approved Different acceptions of Bubulco Judice Scalarum palmae ill expounded by Britannicus and Lubin rightly by Brodaeus Casaubon and Dempster The Custome of fixing Palm-boughs to the doors of Lawyers which obtain'd the Victory in a Cause Epimenia Bulbi The mistakes of some about Vinum Tiberi devectum Conturbate The low rate of Lawyers Fees Antepedes and Circumpedes how distinguish'd by Agraetius Mothers and Kinsfolk brought weeping before the Judges by Lawyers to move compassion towards their offending Children and Kinsfolk Crambe the fancies of Scoppa Pulmannus Ponticus Virunnius the Scholiast and partly of Pithaeus and some others about it propos'd Politian's approv'd Balnea sexcentis rightly interpreted by Britannicus ill by Lubin The vast expence on Baths Their Magnificence and Form shew'd from Du Choul with the Furnace and distinct vessels for variety of waters Popma's errour about Caenatio 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Outward Darkness according to Maldonate and Pignorius The Antiquity of Forrests Quintilians wealth and supposed Honor. Palaemon the Grammarians yearly Revenue The Figure of the Moon worn on the shooe of the Roman Nobility and by some amongst the Jews The Reason of the Roman Custome best express'd by Isidore Some differences about the Place and Matter of it whether it be rightly termed fibula by Rhodigin Britannicus his errour about the Office of Tribuni Plebis learnedly observed by Alexander ab Alexandro Tribuni aerarii their inferior form of Indicature Thermae Phaebi Balnea Daphnes Balineum Daphnidis the great price of it Bayes usually planted at the Baths The Reward of the Conquerer at the Shew 1. ONly in Caesar In Caesare tantum It is a great doubt here amongst the Interpreters which of the Caesars is here intended The Scholiast takes it for Nero but without proof or probability as may appear from the confirmation of a better opinion Some understand it of Nerva some of Trajan who as Britannicus shews out of Pliny and Autumnus out of Tacitus was a favourer of Learning But there being in this Satyre mention of Statius Contemporary with our Poet as of a person then flourishing and likewise of Paris the Pantomime potent at the time wherein our Poet writ this Satyre and who was also put to death by Domitian these praises cannot extend to Trajan's time Lubin therefore understands it of Domitian saying that though he were a cruel Tyrant yet in the beginning of his raign he had some shew of Vertue particularly of bounty alleadging Sueton for it but chiefly that of Quintilian in Prolog lib. 4. saying of Domitian quo nec praesentius aliquid nec studiis magis propitium numen est Yet Lubin observing Juvenal to inveigh here against the avarice of Great men neglecting the wretched estate of learned men in those times confesses him to be in this Satyre very inconstant and some have thought this written only to move Domitian to be such a Patron as he is here described to be rather then to Testify that he was such a one Others suppose that seeing he writ so fiercely
against Domitian in the fourth Satyre he writes here only Ironically which reason I think not sufficient though there be some truth in it it being evident to the observing Reader that Juvenals Satyres were not written according to the order in which they now are placed this seventh Satyre for instance being written in the life time of Domitian but the fourth after his death which is mention'd in the end of that Satyre Wherefore amongst these diversities I think these praises to be here ascribed to Domitian not for a general patronage shew'd towards learned men as may plainly appear from the whole course of this Satyre except in the beginning in the misery of learn'd men of diverse professions yet for the special favour towards some eminent wits in his Raign as Valerius Flaccus Statius Martial and Quintilian who egregiously magnified even Domitian Here then may be observ'd Juvenals reasons both for the praise and dispraise of the same person likewise his Satyrical wit implying the sorry condition which some of these might have fallen into had they not been sustain'd by special favour and lastly our Poets ingenuity that conceal'd not the Beft of a Bad man 2. To rent at Gabii a small Bath or thought to take at Rome some Bake-house Balneolum Gabiis Romae conducere furnos Tentarent Caelius Secundus Curio on this place thinks that it was an ancient proverb against poor men which quak'd with cold that they must think of taking upon a rent a Bath or a Bake-house alleadging that of Horace Qui frigus collegit furnos balnea laudat Which witty conjecture I grant may be admitted by way of allusion but to speak in the strict fidelity of an Interpreter I think the Poet to speak here rather historically which is the more probable because he adds such things as were not sutable with that proverb as that some Poets became Criers in which imployment according to the season of the year whiles in open places they waited for Chapmen they might quake through cold as well by their Office as by their Poverty I retain therefore the ordinary exposition of Britannicus and others 3. But poor Clio crept for releif to a Rich door Esuriens migraret in atria Clio. Some expound this of some Poets who as they think became Porters to Great men others more tolerably think that they went as mean Clients to Rich mens doors for the Sportula or Basket-doal The learned Turnebus thinks because there is immediately before mention of praecones that therefore by atria are here understood atria Licinia and such like in which large and publick places publick sales of goods were usually made That there were such places I acknowledge for a truth yet I think them not to be here intended by the Poet who being to give a reason why some Poets turn'd Criers says Cumesuriens migraret in atria Cliâ— that is as I think turn Parasites to Great men Which exposition I may strengthen from these two reasons the one drawn from a like expression in another place of this same Satyre where he says tu Nobilium magna atria curas when as thou art neglected by the great ones wilt thou yet be so base as to haunt their Porches and continue their Parasite The other from the coherence of this place where the Poet says that some thought it not vile to become Criers when as they saw others become Parasites this condition being simply base but that though mean being yet honest But if it were expounded according to Turnebus that some turn'd Criers when they saw others do so that is when they saw others go into the places of publick sales it were methinks a very weak expression whereas the other is very Satyrical and sutable to what immediately follows Nam si c. for well might they says he turn Criers like Machaera when they had not a farthing in purse Thus then Praecones fieri and migrare in atria is not the same the latter signifying to turn Parasite Where by the way the Poets Satyrical wit may be observed who in the recital of the wares set to publick sale claps in amongst Cup-boards Chests and such trumpery the Poems of some silly Artists in his time such as were Bacchus or as others read it Paccius and Faustus whose fabulous compositions he names and flouts at 4. Machaera's name and trade Some think that Machaera here signifies a foot-man with a weapon by his side meaning that needy Poets might become such many such usually in travail attending their Lord. But to call such a one by the name Machaera is harsh they being commonly and rightly called Machaerophori see Tully ad Q. Fratrem lib. 2. epist 8. This exposition then savouring of affectation I take Machaera as most Interpreters do for a proper name 5. Sell what the intrusted publick sale sets-our Et vendas potius commissa quod auctio vendit I render Auclio by a publick Sale committed to the criers diligence and art though strictly the word auclio might be rend'red the Raise-price it being an increasing of the price according to the offers of several Chapmen 6. From poor Galatia brought in bare-foot plight Altera quos nudo traduxit Gallia talo I might litterally have render'd altera Gallia the other France but commonly it is call'd Gallo-graecia or Galatia a Country in Asia the less divers of which Country coming poor and even bare-footed to Rome were started up to Knight-hood And here whiles the Poet says quos traduxit brought over Sea from Asia to Rome some understand a scoff in the word traduxit as if he said whom it traduc'd or jeer'd-over hither because they came barefooted which sense I grant the word bears and may be here so understood yet only in a second place not necessarily the word often signifying in a more simple sense Rigaltius reads traducit gallica talo adding Glâ—â—e veteres Gallicula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I suppose his learned diligence rather cites it then approves it for an Exposition Gallicula which some make the same with Caligula was the Gaulish shooe worn by Souldiers and so it should signifie according to this Exposition they came rude to Rome with their Gaulish shooes which sense that they came with their galliculae and yet nude talo seems a little incongruous the gallicula being though a patten a soal without an upper leather yet so much shoot as came above the talus or ankle See Sat. 16. Illust 3. Besides in what sense altera shall be here applied to Gallicula I discern not 7. Saffron-Vellume-Book Croceae membrana tabellae The Poet calls it so from the colour of it which was yellow or like Saffron Persius Sat. 3. calls it bicolor membrana the hairy side being of one colour the other side of another 8. No Patrone does the Seats or Stairs bestow That hang at the hir'd Scaffold-beam or know What the Orchestra cost rais'd for chief friends And Chairs recarried when the Reading-ends Nemo
diligence not usually slips for affirming that St. Jerom by these words implied that his flout was made with the neck He might have as well eccepted against Marcilius who says Pinsere autem D. Hieronymus Epist iv intellexit colli incurvatione exprimi gestum ciconiae But in the words following Marciâ—â—us does alledge the Glosse taking it for an expression made by the hand which by Ferrarius is thus describ'd in effect the same with Cornutus his exposition Manus digitis omnibus collectis in unum ad ciconini colli similitudinem curvatis inque eum directis qui irridebatur pinsentem rostro ciconiam frequenti stata motione exprimebant Pinsere signifies properly to bray as in a mortar which was at the first the manner of preparing corn for bread as now grinding is in use and from hence pistor is now taken for a baker yet but in a second sense it properly signifying one that brays in a mortar Here it is used figuratively to express the repeated motion of the hand in this kind of flour in imitation of the stork that so repeatedly strikes with the bill 5. In smooth Antitheta's his fault he weighs Crimina rasis Librat in Antithetis In case of Fame or Life to come with affected figures of speech instead of a Defence is here reprehended by the Poet For otherwise great has been the diligence of style in the most famous men as may appear by Muret in his Var. Lection lib. 18. cap. 8. where he instances in the Curiosity of some famous men in the Choice and Order of their words as in Lysias in whom any change in the order of his words makes it worse and yet as they now stand they seem to have been written without any study He tells also of Ariesto that he laboured incredibly in making the two first verses of his great work and that Petrach did as much vex himself in making the second verse of his work as appears in a copy written by Petrarch himself which Petrus Bembus had Muret remembers also the like or more to be marvell'd at in Plato in whose vvritten tables vvhich vvere sound after his death vvas seen hovv often he had alter'd the beginning of his book De Republica than vvhich beginning nothing seems more plain using the same vvords but often altering only their order So Halicarnasseus and Quintilian in his Institut lib. 8. report of Plato 6. Making a place for urine Vero quisquam faxit oletum Some interpret it more rankly by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stercus humanum so Lubin But Scoppa in his Collectan lib. 1. cap. 17. says significare stercus humanum nusquam legitur yet why he should deliver such a negative I know not since Festus also the old Grammarian testifies though Lubin cites him not for his defence but that of Veranius Sacerdotula quaedam in sacrario fecit oletum but this is of an ambiâ—â—â—us signification as also in olenticetum as Neâ—risseâ—sis notes Being therefore at liberty Civility gives the choice by which I render it I may also add that in Cato it signifies olivetum if there be not a corruption in the Copy to write Oletum for olivetum 7. Who has not asse's ears Auriculas asini quiâ— non haber Some would make the sense of this place to be that even the greatest are flouted so Cornutus the old Grammarian whiles he says appositis temporibus pollice imitantur aures asini aliis digitis quasi sannam facientes thus also Ferrarius but from Cornatus Who tells us also but without alledging any authority that this was a scoff at Claudius and Nero who as he says had large ears But the most receiv'd interâ—retation makes it an allusion to Midas 8. Nonaria Such women might not be resorted to untill the ninth hour with us is at three in the afternoon as the Old Scholiast shews on Juvenal Sat. 6. v. 115. Ausa Palatino and from thence were called Nonariae Stelluti mentions two other reasons as that they might be called so from Nonae the Nones which were counted infaustae as this sort of women was to young men or as some from Nona which anciently was called Parca the end of the ninth moneth being the season of man's birth and so implied they were fatal women 9. To study the Edicts His name Edictum Marcilius here understands by Edictum not the Praetor's edict but a programma or Bill put up by Nero to signifie that after dinner he would sing Callirhoe according as he says to the intent of Persius in this Satyre which he conceives to be principally intended against Nero. But this is spoken without warrant and though Claverius mentions it yet I do not see him approve it This which I use is most receiv'd and approved by the learned Casaubon and others I may only add that some take Callirhoe here to be the name of some famous harlot in Persius his time and that some think it to signifie some Comedy of Callirhoe whose story is in Ovid's Metamorphosis lib. 8. others of another Callirhoe mentioned in Pausanias lib. 7. or take it for a fountain to bath in so called and so by this all baths and such effeminate places to be understood as afternoon-exercises for such idle ones as he desires not to read his Satyres thus the Italian Commentator Stelluti and concerning Callirhoe as a fountain Claverius also But the use of baths being so ordinary a business amongst the Romans it seems not to me to have any Satyre in it to make but a bare recital of it wherefore I adhere to the first interpretation SATYRE II. UNTO HIS FRIEND Plotius Macrinus ARGUMENT Profane desires true sacrifice Bold sins our Poet here descries SIgne This day Macrine with a purer stone Which doth present to thee times long since gone Pour wine unto thy Genius for thy care Is not to win Jove with a bribing Prayer Not crav'st thou what thou sham'st to name for fear Except Jove's drawn aside that none may hear Though no small part of Romes cheif Nobles can Sacrifice with a Low-voic'd Incense-pan 'T is not an easy thing to take away The murmur'd whispetings of those that pray From the Gods Temples 'T is no casie thing To live with known desires They use to sing Aloud that strangers and the standers by May hear 'hem when they pray for honesty Or a good mind good fame But for the rest Of their desires inwardly th' are supprest Under their murmuring tongues such as are these Profane requests O that some strong disease Would make my Unkles brave rich funeral To bubble up O that my rake would fall As I were working on some sounding pot Of silver Hercules blessing my lot Or would I might expunge this young rich VVard By whom from great possessions I am bar'd Being the next heir for he 's with scabs perplext And is with swelling choller sharply vext There 's 1 Nereus too has bury'd yet three wives And I scarce O such men lead Happy