therefore deservedly here made second to Satan himself V. 82. Th'Arch Enemy called Satan the chief Enemy and therefore in Heaven call'd Satan the Enemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arch is an additional Particle by way of Preheminence set before many words as Arch Duke Arch Rogue from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 chief principal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Satan an Adversary from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be against to hate the Enemy of God and Man V. 83. The horrid silence The dismal the dreadful silence which under the Astonishment and Amazement they were overwhelmed with till now was never broken Horridus Lat. for rough ugly Horrida jussa severe Commands AEneid 4. V. 84. If thou beest he If thou beest my Companion But how disguised how changed and alter'd by thy fall from him who in the happy Region of the Day invested with excessive Brightness didst outshine Millions tho' bright So Virg. Hei mihi qualis erat Quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore qui redit exuvias indutus Achillis Vel Danaum Phrygios jaculatus puppibus ignes AE 2. V. 85. Realms Regions Royaulme Fr. Kingdom the Realms of Light in Heaven V. 86. Transcondent Brightness Excessive Glory Transcendere Lat. to exceed surpass V. 87. Myriads Millions from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. for Ten Thousand from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 infinite innumerable a certain for an incertain Number familiar with the Poets Ibid. If he whom Mutual League If thou beest he whom Solemn League and Covenant agreeing Thoughts and Resolutions mutual Hope and Danger in the Gallant Undertaking made my Companion once and now the same Misfortune has made my Miserable Associate in this fatal Downfal League Ligne Fr. à ligando A Confederacy or siding of Factious Subjects against their Sovereign of which the Holy League in France and its Spawn the Solemn League and Covenant in our Country are two abominable Instances Mutual Mutuus Lat. for alternate by turns Mutuaque inter se laeti convivia curant Georg. 1. They make merry and entertain one another by turns V. 88. United Thoughts and Counsels Designs and Counsed chosen and agreed to between us from unitus agreed joyned together V. 89. Enterprise An Undertaking Fr. Entreprinse an Attempt an Exploit V. 91. Into what Pit thou seest Thou seest how we are faln from Heavens bright Battlements into this low dark Dungeon V. 94. The force of those dire Arms Till taught by sad Experience who knew the fatal force of his hot Thunderbolts those dreadful Engins Dirus Lat. Cruel V. 95. The Potent Victor The Powerful Conqueror his Pride was still too superlative to allow God to be Omnipotent although he found him such to his ruine Potens Lat. mighty Victor Lat. Conqueror V. 96. Can else inflict Nor for what ever more he can lay on or load me with do I relent or alter my unchanged Mind though as to my Brightness and outward Lustre altered and abated Infligo Lat. to inflict to punish V. 97. In outward Lustre Though alter'd as to my External Brightness the abatement of my Beauty has not at all impair'd the Gallantry of my Mind Lustre Fr. shining glittering Ibid. That fixt Mind c. I alter not my firm Resolution nor that Noble Scorn proceeding from a sense of despised Desert which raised in me th' Ambition to engage with the most Highest and to the furious Encounter brought along infinite Aid of Angels numberless who boldly blamed his Government and preferring me before him with all their Might his utmost Strength attack'd in doubtful Battel on the Heavenly Plains and shook his Seat A vain boast of the Father of Lyes whom the Lord of Host had in derision Fixt Fixus Lat. firm stable stedfast V. 98. Injur'd Merit Wrong'd Desert abused Merit Injurior or injurio Lat. to do wrong to Meritum Lat. Desert Merit V. 99. To contend To strive with Contendo Lat. to make earnest Opposition so Contention for Strife Encounter Quis talia demens Abnuat aut tecum malit contendere Bello AEn 4. V. 101. Innumerable Without Number numberless Innumerabilis Lat. V. 102. Reign Government Power from Regner Fr. to Rule and both from Regnare Lat. Ibid. Me preferring Esteeming me before him from praefero Lat. to set by to make esteem of V. 103. With adverse Power oppos'd With open Force resisted Adverse from adversus Lat. against opposite to oppos'd Lat. Opponere to place or stand against V. 104. Dubious Dubius Lat. doubtful uncertain V. 105. His Throne His Royal Seat his Kingdom 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. Heaven is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jove's Throne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Theoer Idyl Z. But more truly by our Saviour The Throne of God Matth. 5. 34. Ibid. What though the Field be lost What though we have lost the Battel All is not gone our Wills inflexible th' Eternal study of Revenge and Hatred irreconcileable and dauntless Resolution ne'er to yield remain our own and still within our Power and what besides may not be overborn V. 107. Immortal Immortalis Lat. not subject to death or decay V. 108. Submit Yield submittere Lat. to yield to to humble ones self to V. 110. That Glory c. A Submission so glorious for him and base in me neither his Anger nor his Power shall force from me Gloria Lat. V. 111. Extort Force from Extorqueo Lat. to wrest by force Ibid. To bow and sue for Grace To cringe and like a Suppliant sue for Pardon on bended Knee and own him for my God who from th' affright this armed Hand of mine so lately put him in doubted his Imperial Power that were base and mean that were an Infamy and a Disgrace more vile and low than is this fatal Downfal Another of Satan's blasphemous Boastings and suiting well his cursed Character which our Poet holds up to the heighth of Luciferian Pride Grace Fr. Pardon V. 112. Suppliant Begging entreating Supplicare Lat. to beseech Ibid. Deifie Deifico Lat. to make a God of from Deus God and facio to make V. 113. Terrour Fright a Dread Terror Lat. V. 114. Empire Imperium Lat. Command Power V. 115. Ignominy Disgrace Dishonour Ignominia Lat. Infamy V. 116. Since by Fate Since by th'unalterable Laws of Nature we that are Gods and this our Heavenly Substance is not subject to decay Fate by the Heathen was used to express that Unchangeable and Eternal Series of Things which the Gods themselves could not disturb or alter Thus Juno Hoc regnum dea gentibus esse siqua fat a sinant AEn 1. Fatum à sando as if it were Quod de unoquoque fatus est Deus Heavens Decree But Hermes deseribes it better An Obedience of second Causes to the first Fate therefore is the Excuse of Fools who â—harge it with the greatest of their Follies Sin For if Fate or any irresistable Influence of the Heavenly Bodies or Cogency of the Stars did over-rule our Wills or over-reach our Reason just were that
a Lump Mould or Mold of the Belg. Modder Slime or moist Earth Material Materealis Lat. consisting of Matter V. 710. Confusion heard his Voice Confusion obey'd his Command that Heap and Chaos of Confusion in which the Elements of Air Water Earth and Fire lay jumbled and commixt together covered with Egyptian Darkness and Obscurity no sooner heard his Voice but it began to separate and shew ready Obedience Ibid. And wild Uproar The dreadful disorder occasion'd by the contesting Elements enclosed and struggling to get forth by his Word was over-ruled and appeased V. 711. Stood vast Infinitude confined The vast unfinished Gulph of Non-Entity and uncreated Night that boundless Deep Illimitable Ocean without Bound without Dimension where Length Breadth and Heighth and Time and Place are lost as Book 2. Vers. 892. received its Confines the Verge of Nature and the vast Circumference of all Created Beings was fixt and their appointed compass establish'd V. 716. This AEthereal Quintessence of Heav'n This light and pure spiritual part of Heav'n took wing and flew upwards enliv'ned and inspirited with divers Forms that moved in Rounds and at last turned to Stars innumerable to the Four Elements some of the Philosophers added an AEthereal Spirit void of Corruption and Contrariety the purest and most subtle Agility and the Bond and Ligature of all the rest of which they supposed the Stars and Heavens those Glorious Bodies were made as of a Quintessence arising out of the Quaternion of Elements AEthereal Quintessence A flaming shining Spirit Quintessence Quinta essentia Lat. is the purest and highest rectified Spirit extracted out of any thing and separated from its Faeces admirably applyed to the Coelestial Bodies and Heav'nly Orbs. Orbicular Orbicularis Lat. any thing that is round or of a circular shape V. 721. The rest in Circuit Walls The rest of this pure Heavenly Quintessence encompasses the Universe round like a Wall V. 723. Though but reflected Shines Looks bright and glorious by the returning of that Light it has from hence from the Sun where Uriel and 〈◊〉 stood Reflected Reflexus Lat. return'd turn'd back again reverberated beaten back and recoyling Reflexion is a returning that Brightness that Light cast on any Opaque and Solid Body V. 725. As th' other Hemisphere c. which otherwise would be as dark as the other half of the Globe or World is when the Moon is absent who yonder comes to its assistance and interposes her feeble Light Hemisphere 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. half the compass of the Heav'ns V. 727. That opposite fair Star That bright Star that is over against us being in the Sun from which she as well as the Earth has her lent Light Oppositus Lat. placed over against V. 728. And her Monthly Round And fulfils her Circle in a Month so named of the Moon the Lunar Month as Mensis of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. for the Moon from her encreasing coming to the Full and her abatement Quid Menstrua Luna Moneret Geor. 1. V. 730. Her Countenanoe trifâ—rm Her threefold Face encreasing full and decreasing Hence fills and empties from her beginning comes to be compleat and thence does by degrees decreasing vanish according to which three appearances she was called Luna Sole Diana Polo Proserpina in Orco Ovid. Nec Par aut eadem Nocturnae forma Dianae Esse potest unquam semperque hodierna sequente Si crescit minor est major si contrahit orbem Ibid. Meta. Lib. 15. Tertia jam Lunae se Cornua Lumine complent AEn 3. Her Horns at her increase regarding the East as in her decrease they point to the West Triformis Lat. of three shapes V. 731. Hence fills and empties That is from the Sun of whom the Moon being a Spherical Opaque and Obscure Body borrows all her Silver Light as Virgil hints very handsomely Nec fratris radiis obnoxia surgere Luna Geor. 1. V. 732. And in her Pale Dominion And with her feeble Empire curbs the Night hinders and opposes the Encroachment of Ancient and Hereditary Night Checks the Night Hinders the progress of dull Darkness Check a Metaphor taken from the Game called Chess where a Pawn c. when placed aright hinders and opposes the march of the Enemy or drives him upon eminent Danger V. 734. Adams Abode The Abiding the Dwelling-Place of Adam so named of the Heb. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to his Creation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Dust of the Earth Gen. 2. Vers. 7. a sort of Coloured Earth of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. to look Red. V. 740. Down from th'Ecliptick Down from the Suns bright Road The Ecliptick is a Line running along the middle of the Zodiack in which the Sun compleats his Annual Course so named of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Eclipses there happening Satan discoursing with Uriel in the Region of the Sun must needs take his flight from the Ecliptick in some part of which the Sun always is Ibid. Sped with hoped Success Heightned with hopes of Success hasting with hopes to succeed Sped of Spedire It. and that of Expedire Lat. to make haste or of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. to make haste to be dilâ—gent V. 741. In manâ— an AErie Wheel With many a nimble turn A Wheel a round Circle according to its shape hence a Body of Men are said to Wheel when they move round V. 742. On Niphates top he lights A Mountain in the Borders of Armenia not far from the spring of Tigris as Xenophon affirms upon his own Knowledge so named of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 great drifts of Snow covering its Crown thence styled Rigidum Niphaten by Hor. Car. l. 2. Od. 9. Urbes Asiae domitas pulsumque Niphaten Geo. 3. There is also a River of the same Name in the Neighborhood of this Hill Armeniusque tenens volventem Saxa Niphatem Luc. l. 3. The Poet lands Satan on this Armenian Mountain because it borders on Mesopotamia in â—â—ich the most Judicious Describers of Paradise place it NOTES On MILTON's PARADISE Lost. BOOK IV. V. 2. WHO saw th'Apocalyps Who in a Vision saw the Revelation of what was to befal the Church of God to the end of the World St. John who though in the Front of the Revelation he be named the Divine is yet held to be the same who writ the Gospel called by his Name as Irenaeus Hieronymus Eusebius and others affirm the difference of the style being no more than that in the one he has used that of a Prophet and in the other that of an Historian Apocalyps 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Discovery a Revealing of hidden Mysteries thence translated the Revelations of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to discover tho' still extreamly obscure like those Acroatick parts of Aristotle's Philosophy which he says were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This obscure Discovery was written by St. John in the Island Patmos whither he was banish'd by Domitian about the 14th Year of
his Reign 64 Years after the Death of our Saviour and four Years before his own as the Chronologers relate V. 3. When the Dragon put to second rout Interpreters of Revel 12. whence this is taken are of Opinion that as Satan was after his Rebellion thrown out of Heaven in the beginning of time so towards the end of it and the World he shall be beaten out of his lower Dominion usurpt by him and be no longer Prince of the Air here called his second rout The Dragon Satan V. 14. Far off and fearless Fearless yet keeping distance though undaunted yet wary in approaching V. 17. A Devilish Engine back recoils Like a great Gun that at discharging its destructive Entrails runs back with mighty force and rude repulse so this malicious attempt of Satan on frail Man beats back again upon himself in hideous Horrours and distracting Doubt of what he was is and must be to all Eternity Recoils of Reculer Fr. to give back to run back as a Cannon when fired V. 18. Horrour and Doubt distract c. The amazement of his Guilt and the uncertain success of new Mischiefs undertaken which how much they may add more to his Punishment than Revenge confounds all Consideration Distracts his Thoughts Put him upon a Rack where all his Resolutions against th' Almighty vain and frivolous are rent to pieces Distracts of distrahere Lat. to pull in pieces V. 20. For within him Hell he brings Is his own Hell and Tormentor Change of Place gives no allay or intermission to his Pains He travels with Hell about him and within him Coelum non Animum mutant qui trans mare currunt V. 30. In his Meridian Towre In his Noon-tide Exaltation in Meridian Majesty of Meridianus Lat. of Noon-tide Meridies Lat. Mid-day when the Sun is at the highest V. 31. Then much revolving Tossing and turning over many direful Thoughts risen from Conscience waking of despair that slumber'd c. An admirable Description of tormenting Guilt discovered when too late to be discharged Revolving of revolvere Lat. to roll to and fro thence to think and in Virgil to relate Sed quid ego haec autem nequicquam ingrata revolvo AEn 2. V. 33. Look'st from thy sole Dominion O thou Majestick Monarch with amazing Brightness Crown'd that from thy shining Seat look'st like the Supreme and Universal God of this low new-created World at whose glorious appearance all the Stars discountenanc'd hide their disappearing Heads Like the God Well does Satan Deifie the Sun whom he perswaded seduced Mankind often to adore as such 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the Phoenicians styled him and the holy Page shews how easie it was to set up this visible supposed Author of all things and of so many Blessings of such inestimable use to the World for an Illustrious Deity especially when Ignorance and Sin had so depraved and blinded Mens Minds that they could not see him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who dwells in unapproached Light for which reason God by Moses so strictly forewarn'd his People of Idolatry Lest thou lift up thy Eyes unto Heaven and when thou seest the Sun and Moon and the Stars even all the Host of Heaven thou shouldst be seduced to serve and worship them Deut. 4. Vers. 19. Thus Homer attributes Omniscience to the Sun and from the worship of him in this Island one of the Days of the Week took his Name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 V. 35. Their diminisht Heads Dim their diminisht Lights which the Sun hides and hinders from appearing Diminutus Lat. impair'd made less V. 40. Till Pride and worse Ambition Pride is a kind of excessive and vicious Self-esteem that raises Men in their own Opinions above what is just and right But Ambition is that which adds Fewel to this Flame and claps Spurs to these furious and inordinate Desires that break forth into the most execrable Acts to accomplish their haughty Designs which makes our Author stigmatize Ambition as a worse Sin than Pride V. 45. With his Good upbraided none Did not with his Bountiful Goodness twit or reproach his Creatures Upbraid of Upgebredan Sax. to scorn or reproach one with any thing received V. 50. I ' sdein'd Subjection I disdain'd to be subject to pay Obedience to ' Isdeind for disdain'd an Italian Imitation of sdegnare It. dedignari to contemn to despise ' sdein'd V. 58. Powerful Destiny ordain'd O that his uncontroulable Decree had appointed me one of the Vulgar Angels of the common Spirits Destiny of Destinatio Lat. Appointment Decree V. 79. O then at last relent Quit thy harden'd Obstinacy and melt into Repentance Relent of Ralentir Fr. to grow soft again of re and lentescere Lat. to soften to melt as tough viscous and fat things do at Fire V. 84. Vaunts Boastings of vanter Fr. to boast V. 87. How dearly I abide How much to my Cost with how much Pain and Torment I make good my Vain-glorious Undertaking against th' Almighty Abide signifies here to sustain to endure as in Virg. Tu ne cede Malis sed contrà audentior ito V. 96. Ease would recant Vows made in Pain When reinstated in my former Condition I should soon unsay whatever in pain I swore Recant of the Lat. recantare to retract and unsay something affirm'd formerly Vows of Votum Lat. Protestations of Vovere Lat. to vow or protest As violent and void as forc'd from me and therefore of themselves void and of no Obligation as all things done or obtain'd by Duress and Menasse are by our Laws esteem'd of no effect V. 100. To a worse relapse To falling back into a worse Condition Relapse is properly a falling back from some beginnings of Recovery into the same Distemper made by its return more dangerous of Relabi Lat. to slip back again a Metaphor taken from Men climbing up a steep slippery place whence they often slide back again down to the bottom V. 110. Evil be thou my Good All real true Good is lost and forfeited by me and therefore now my Malice and Revenge wreck'd on Mankind and so upon his Maker by destroying his new-created Favourite is the only chiefest Good I can propose to my self or prosecute That Evil should be Good seems a Contradiction but by Good is here meant Choice and as such deluded Mankind place their Happiness upon it mistaking often many Evils which they pursue disguised under the Notions and Appearances of Good V. 114. Each Passion dimm'd his Face While he made this Speech full of sad and dismal Reflections disquieted with Anger Envy and Despair each of these Passions darkened and overcast his Countenance which spoiled his disguise and discovered him a Cheat and Impostor Counterfeit false of the Fr. Countrefaict false Money stampt in Imitation of the true V. 120. Each Perturbation smooth'd Calm'd all the Storms these Passions had raised in him Perturbatio Lat. disorder V. 121. Artificer of Fraud Master of Deceit the Arch-Cheat and Crafts-Master Artifex Lat.