policie after but this many-headed serpent which could not in the shel be killed much lesse in his riper growth could be reformed Those foure Doctors aforesaid emulous of each other intending their owne priuate ends sowed the seeds then which fructifie in their venemous multiplication till this day Hali or Halli was Author of the Sect Imemia which was embraced of the Persians Indians and of many Arabians and the Gelbines of Africa Ozimen or Odmen began the Sect Baanesia or Xefaia and hath in diuers Countries his followers Homar founded the Anesia followed of the Turkes Syrians and in Zahara in Afrike Ebocar otherwise called Ebuber or Abubequer taught the Sect Melchia generally possessing Arabia and Africa These are holden as Saints in the Saracene Kalender as Scaliger testifieth who had one in Semiarabike and Persian wherein ouer against the 27. of December was written the death of Phetima she was the daughter of Muhamed God haue mercy on her Against the 10. of Ianuary the death of Abu-Boker God haue mercy on him and so of the rest Against the 16. of Nouember the beginning of the fast Caphar so they call the Christians on the 25. of December the birth of Iesus On the 17. of Ianuary the birth of Moses Which I mention to shew what honor they ascribe to them or rather that dishonor which in this cōfusion of light with darknes the Prince of darknes in the form of an Angel of light doth vnto them Frō these 4. in proces of time arose other 68. Sects of name besides other pedling factions of smaller reckoning Amongst the rest the Morabites haue bin famous liuing for the most part as Heremites and professing a morall Philosophie with principles different from the Alcoran One of these not many yeers since shewing the name of Mahomet in his brest there imprinted with Aqua fortis or some such like matter raised by a great number of Arabians in Afrike laid siege to Tripolis where being betraied by one of his Captaines his skin was sent for a present to the grand Signior These Morobites affirm that when Hali fought he killed a 100000. Christiās with one stroke of his sword which was a 100. cubits in length The Cobtini are a sect ridiculous One of them shewed himselfe riding in the Country of Algier on a Reed reyned and bridled as a horse much honoured for that on this Horse this Asse had as he said rid an 100. leagues in one night R. Moses Aegyptius writeth of two Sects of Moores the one called Seperatists the other Intelligents or Vnderstanders both followed in their opinions by many Iewes These later were of opinion that nothing in the world commeth to passe by chance or accident neither in generall nor particular but all are disposed by the will and intent of God as well the fall of a leafe as the death of a man The Seperatists in a contrary extreme allow to man and beast a freedome and that God rewardeth all creatures according to their merits or demerits his prouidence extending it selfe to the fall of the leaues to the way of the Ants if one be borne defectiue it is better for him then if he had bin perfect and so if any aduersitie befall him for his reward shal be the greater in the world to com yea the beast which is slaughtered the Ants Flea or Louse shall not lose his reward from the Creator the Mouse also which hath not sinned is killed of the Cat shall there be recompenced Now beasts pray for their soules and Fleas and Lice prey vpon their bodies which hatched this beastly lousie Diuinitie The Intelligent beleeueth that it is conuenient that men be punished in this life and for euer in hell because the Creator would the Seperatist thinketh that vniust and that whatsoeuer is punished in this life shall be rewarded in the next because such is the Creators wisdome Neither may we beleeue the Rabbine who reciting 5. differing opinions concerning the prouidence of God first of the Epicures which exclude it wholly secondly of Aristotle that it descended not beneath the Moon thirdly of the Intelligents fourthly of the Seperatists fiftly his own which he attributeth to the law of Moses that euery man hath free-wil and all good befals him in reward al euil for punishmēt what measure any man meteth shal be measured to him again but for other creatures beasts plants and their operations as of a spider catching a fly the like he attributeth with Aristotle vnto chance not to diuine prouidence which he appropriateth in things below vnto man These opinions he ascribeth that of Aristotle to Iob that of the Seperatists to Bildad that of Sophar to the Intelligents that of Eliphaz is the same with his own then let him with Eliphaz sacrifice to exipiate it I. Leo. l. 3. writeth that one Elefacin had written at large of the Mahumetan sects of which he reckoneth 72. principall which agreeth with our former number euery one accounting his owne to be good and true in which a man may attaine saluation And yet Leo there addeth that in this age there are not found aboue two One is that of Leshari which in all Turkie Arabia and Africa is embraced the other Imamia currant in Persia and Corosan of which in his proper place more So that by Leo's iudgement all which follow the rule Leshari or Hashari are Catholike Mahumetans although of these the same Author affirmes that in Cairo and all Egypt are foure Religions different from each other in Spirituall or Ecclesiastical Ceremonies and also concerning their Ciuill and Canon Law all founded on the Mahumetan Scripture in times past by foure learned men diuersly construing the generall rules to such particulars as seemed to them fitter for their followers who disagreeing in opinion agree in affection and conuerse together without hatred or vpbraiding each other As for those other Sects it seemeth that they are for the most part long since vanished and those differences which remaine consist rather in diuersitie of rule and order of profession then in differing Sects and Heresies of Religion except in some few which yet remaine of which Leo thus reporteth Fourescore yeeres after Mahumet one Elhesenibu Ahilhasen gaue certaine rules to his Disciples contrarie to the Alcoran principles but writ nothing About a hundred yeeres after Elharit Ibnu Esed of Bagaded writ a booke vnto his Disciples condemned by the Calipha and Canonists But about fourescore yeeres after that another great Clerke reuiued the same doctrine and had many followers yet hee and they were therefore condemned to death But obtaining to haue triall of his opinions by disputation he ouerthrew his Aduersaries the Mahometane Lawyers and the Califa fauoured the said Sect and erected Monasteries for them Their Sect continued till Malicsah of the Nation of the Turkes persecuted the same But twenty yeeres after it was againe renewed and one Elgazzuli a learned man
bed of gold a table cups and vessells of the same metall with store of garments and furniture set with iewells Certain Magi were appointed to attend it with daily allowance of a sheepe and once a moneth a horse for sacrifice His Epitaph was O man I am CYRVS King of Asia Founder of the Persian Empire therefore enuy me not a Sepulchre Alexander opened the same in hope of gold but found nothing sauing a rotten shield a sword and two Scythian bowes he crowned it with gold and couering it with his owne apparell departed These things Strabo Arrianus and Curtius report §. III. Of the succeeding Monarchs vntill ALEXANDERS Conquest NExt to Cambyses succeeded for a small time one Smerdis which was slaine as an Vsurper by the seuen Princes and Darius the sonne of Hystaspes succeeded designed to that greatnesse by the first neighing of his horse For when no male issue Royall was left these Princes agreed That meeting in a place appointed he whose horse first neighed should be acknowledged Emperor Darius his horse-keeper the night before had suffered his horse there to vse his brutish lust with a Mare which the place presently causing him to remember he there by his lustfull neighing aduanced his Master to the Scepter Darius for his couetousnesse first exacting tribute was called a Merchant Cambyses a Lord Cyrus a Father of his people Babylon rebelled and was recouered by the costly stratagem of Zopyrus who cut off his nose and eares and fleeing in that deformed plight to the Babylonians accused Darius of that crueltie Ctesias telleth this of Megabyzus They beleeuing entertained him and knowing his Nobilitie and Prowesse committed their Citie to his fidelitie which he vpon the next opportunitie betraied to his Master Darius warred against the Scythians but vnfortunately His Army was of 700000. men After Darius his death Xerxes reigned whom Scaliger proueth to bee Assuerus the husband of Esther This Esther is by some thought to be Amestris whom the Ethnike writers blame for crueltie moued haply thereto by the execution committed vpon Haman and the Iewish enemies in the booke of Esther related They adde perhaps in slander and hatred that shee killed fourteene children in one bloudie vow and other things which I will not rehearse but returne to Xerxes He made league with the Carthaginians warred vpon the Grecians with an Armie as Herodotus numbreth of 1700000. foot-men 80000. horse-men 20000. Chariot-men Others say That there were 2317000. foot-men in land-forces besides 1208. ships Ctesias hath only 800000. men besides Chariots and 1000. sayle of ships Before the Army was drawne the sacred Chariot of Iupiter by eight white horses no mortall man might ascend the Seat Hee offered to Minerua at Troy 1000. oxen He taking view of his huge Army wept in thinking that of all that number in a hundred yeeres none would be aliue At the passing of the Hellespontike straits he besides other deuotions performed at the Sun-rising took a golden Viall full of sacred liquor and cast the same into the Sea with a golden Bowle a Persian Sword vncertaine whether in honour of the Sun or in satisfaction to the angry Hellespont which a little before in more then madde arrogance he had caused to be whipped and hurled fetters therein with many menacing threats Hee wrote letters with like threatnings to Mount Athos and accordingly pierced his bowells and made way by force thorow that high and huge Mountaine This Expedition was in the yeere of the World 3470. Leonides with his Spartans enlarged his glory at the Thermopylaean straits or narrow passage which a long time with a handfull of men hindred the Persians from passing Mardonius was slaine and Xerxes fled out of Greece after hee had taken Athens and lost great part of his Army which in two yeeres space receiued fiue ouerthrowes at Thermopylae at Artemisium at Salamis at Plataeae at Mycale Xerxes being slaine of Artabanus his kinsman A. M. 3485. Artaxerxes succeeded in whose time Egypt rebelled helped therein by Inarus and the Grecians Among other the mad parts of Xerxes it is reported That he fell in loue with a Plane tree in Lydie which hee adorned with chaines and costly furniture and appointed a Guardian thereto Artaxerxes writ to Hystanes Gouernour of Hellespontus That hee should giue Hippocrates Cous who then liued and whose writings still remaine the Physicians Oracles as much gold and other things as hee would and send him vnto him In his time the Egyptians rebelled and created Inarus their King to whom the Athenians sent three hundred Gallies for defence but by Artabazus and Megabyzus they were subdued Artaxerxes dyed An. M. 3525. After this Artaxerxes surnamed Long-hand another Xerxes succeeded and reigned a small time as did also Sogdianus or Ogdianus or so Ctesias calleth him Secyndianus whom Darius Nothus slew and possessed the Throne Ctesias nameth him Ochus and saith that hee changed his name to Dariaeus In the time of this King was the Peloponnesian Warre which Thucydides hath related Artaxerxes Mnemon his sonne succeeded An. M. 3545. He slew his brother Cyrus Ctesias was there present with Artaxerxes whom hee cured of a wound giuen him on the brest by Cyrus with whom was then present and partaker that great Philosopher Captaine and Historian hereof Xenophon Artaxerxes was a name giuen as some write to all the Persian Kings it signifieth a great Warrior as Brisson and Drusius obserue This Mnemon reigned fortie yeeres After his death succeeded Ochus and reigned three and twentie yeeres Next to him was Arses or Arsames and last of all Darius whom Alexander ouerthrew the second time at Arbela An. M. 3619. conquered that Persian Monarchy to the Macedonians Of the Macedonian successors of Alexander so much as concerneth this place is before handled in our Syrian relation They were depriued of these parts by Arsaces of whom all his Parthian followers euen now ye haue read in the Chapters of Parthia §. IIII. Of the Persian Chronologie COncerning these Persian Kings Chronologers after their wont differ not a little Master Liuely hath taken great paines in this Argument besides the painefull labours of Scaliger Iunius and many others both Rabbins and Greekes and Latines in whose streames Elephants may swim and the greatest Students may finde enough to busie their studious braines for mee it is sufficient to taste or at least to enter so farre as a Lambe may safely wade without perill of drowning The Hebrewes through ignorance of the Olympiades and humane Authors where they are destitute of their owne are most absurd some reckoning but foure Persian Kings in all till Alexanders time some account fiue and some three Against these Pererius and Temporarius most sharpely and not vnworthily enueigh as also against their Chronicles which ascribe to the Persians from the first yeere of Darius the Mede but two and fiftie yeeres Iosephus better seene in Ethnike Authors dissenteth
made them distastfull and this also which the Learned often obiect to these Sectaries that the King and Princes which first gaue way hereto died violently and miserably and fell into publike calamities Yet hath it euen to these times in diuers vicissitudes encreased and decreased and many Bookes haue beene thereof written which contayne many difficulties inextricable to themselues Their Temples are many and sumptuous in which huge monstrous Idols of Brasse Marble Wood and Earth are to be seene with Steeples adioyning of stone or timber and therein exceeding great Bells and other ornaments of great price Their Priests are called Osciami They continually shaue their heads and beards contrary to the Countrey custome Some of them goe on Pilgrimages others liue an austere life on Hills or in Caues and the most of them which amount to two or three millions liue in Cloysters of their reuenues and almes and somewhat also of their owne industrie These Priests are accounted the most vile and vicious in the Kingdome being of the baser raskalitie sold when they are children by their parents to the elder Priests of slaues made Disciples and succeeding their Masters in Sect and Stipend few voluntarily adioyning themselues to these Cloysterers Neither doe they affect more liberall learning nor abstayne but perforce from disauowed Luxurie Their Monasteries are diuided into diuers Stations according to their greatnesse in euery Station is one perpetuall Administrator with his slaue-Disciples which succeed him therein Superiour in the Monasterie they acknowledge none but euery one builds as many Cells or Chambers as he is able which they let out to strangers for great gaine that their Monasteries may be esteemed publike Innes wherein men may quietly lodge or follow their businesse without any explication of their Sects They are hired also by many to Funerall Solemnities and to other Rites in which wilde Beasts Birds or Fishes are made free and let loose the seuerer Sectaries buying them to this meritorious purpose In our times this Sect much flourisheth and hath many Temples erected and repaired many Eunuches women and of the rude vulgar embracing the same There are some Professors called Ciaicum that is Fasters which liue in their owne houses all their life abstayning from Fish and Flesh and with certaine set prayers worship a multitude of Idols at home but not hard to be hired to these deuotions at other mens houses In these Monasteries women also doe liue separated from men which shaue their heads and reiect Marriage These Nunnes are there called Nicu. But these are but few in comparison of the men One of the learned Sect famous in the Court relinquished his place in the Colledge and shaued his haire wrote many Bookes against the Confutians but being complayned of the King commanded hee should be punished which hee punished further on himselfe with cutting his owne throat Whereupon a Libell or Petition was put vp to the King against the Magistrates which relinquished Confutius and became of this Sect the King notwithstanding all the Queenes Eunuches and his Kindred are of this Sect made answere That such should goe into the Desarts and might bee ashamed of their Robes Hence followed orders That whosoeuer in his Writings mentioned an Idoll except by way of Confutation should be vncapable of degrees in Learning which caused much alteration in Religion for many of this Sect had preuayled much in Court and elsewhere Amongst the rest one Thacon was so honoured of the chiefe Queene that shee worshipped daily his garment because it was not lawfull for himselfe to enter the Palace but dealt by Eunuches One libelled to the King against him but had no answere which is the Kings fashion when he denies or disallowes it which made him more insolent But being suspected for a Libell made against the King and some writings in zeale of his Idols against the King being found he was beaten to death howling in his torments which before had vanted a Stoicall Apathie The other Sect-masters were banished the Court §. V. Of the third Sect Lauzu THeir third Sect is named Lauzu of a certaine Philosopher which liued in the same age with Confutius They fable that he was fourescore yeeres in his mothers wombe before his birth and therefore call him Lauzu that is old Philosopher He left no booke written of his Sect nor seemes to haue intended any such institution But his Sectaries called him after his death Tausa and haue fathered on him their opinions whereof they haue written many elegant bookes These also liue single in their Monasteries buying Disciples liuing as vile and vicious as the former They shaue not their haire but weare it like the Lay-men sauing that they haue a Hat or Cap of wood There are others married which at their owne houses professe greater austeritie and recite ouer set prayers They affirme That amongst other Idols they also worship the God of Heauen but corporeall and to whom their Legends tell that many indignities haue happened The King of Heauen which now raigneth they call Ciam he which raigned before was Leu who on a time came riding to the Earth on a white Dragon Him did Ciam who was a Diuinor giue entertainment and whiles Leu was at his good cheere mounted vp his Dragon which carried him to heauen there seized on the heauenly Royaltie and shut out Leu who yet at last was admitted to the Lordship of a certaine Mountaine in that Kingdom Thus they professe their god to bee a coozener and vsurper Besides this King of Heauen they faine another threefold Deitie one of which they say was the head of their Lauzu sect They promise to theirs Paradise which they shall enioy both in bodie and soule and in their Temples haue pictures of such as haue the Images of such Saints To obtaine this they prescribe certaine exercises which consist in diuers postures of sitting certaine prayers and medicines by which they promise to the obseruers through their gods fauour an immortall life in Heauen at least a longer mortall in the bodie The Priests of this Sect haue a peculiar Office of casting out Deuils which they do by two meanes one is to paint horrible shapes of Deuill in yellow paper with inke to be fastned on the walls and then fill the house with such sauage clamors that themselues might be thought to be Deuils the other is by certaine prayers or coniurations They professe also a power of faire weather and soule and other priuate and publike misfortunes : and some of them seeme to be Witches These Priests reside in the Kings Temples of Heauen and Earth and assist at the Kings sacrifices whether by himselfe performed or his Deputie Magistrates and thereby acquire great authoritie At these sacrifices they make musicke of all sorts which China yeeldeth harshed Europaean eares They are called likewise to Funeralls to which they come in precious Vestments playing on Musical Instruments They assist also at the consecrations of new Churches and
They are very resolute people and dread no attempt which the King shall enioyne them bee it neuer so dangerous All the race of this King Ballomboam was rased and vtterly destroyed by the Passaruan after a long siege which warre was begun in the blood of the King of Ballamboams Daughter whom he slew as is before said and added this Drunkennesse vnto his thirst Iortam or Ioartam contayneth about a thousand Housholds The Inhabitants are Ethnikes and haue their Temples in Woods to which they resort to say and doe their Holies at noone before their deformed Diuell-formed Pagodes In this Citie dwelleth the chiefe Pope or heigh Priest of that Superstition whose authoritie is great in all those parts Hee was a hundred and twentie yeeres old and had many Wiues which nourished him with their milke being not able to take other sustenance a deadly enemie to the Christians whom the King did yet with some priuiledges fauour Edmund Scot writeth That they vse in Bantam martiall Law Adulterie is death The free Iauan must to euery wife keepe ten women-slaues which are their Concubines also some keepe fortie but they may haue but three Wiues They are proud and by this multitude of Slaues poore cruell and cowardly Their Crisses or Daggers are two foot long waued Indenture-fashion and poysoned that few escape The vulgar sort haue little Religion but many pray to the Diuell whom for that end they haue painted in their houses and set Wax Candles and sing before them for feare of hurt which they doe not to God because of his goodnesse The most of their worke is to carue stickes for their Crisse-handles They are Couzeners Theeues Idle Gluttons take Betele Opium Tobacco They haue diuers Sects yet most are in manner Atheists Many Chinois dwell there Some thinke that if they bee good they shall be borne againe after death to great riches and that wicked men shall bee turned into Toades or other vgly beasts Euery New Moone they burne Sacrifices and sing ouer them certayne Prayers in the meane while tinging a Bell which at the end of euery Prayer they ring out which is also their Passing-Bell Ceremonie when any are readie to die They furnish their Altars with Goats Hennes Duckes sometimes raw and sometimes ready dressed all which they eate onely certaine papers painted and cut out in curious workes they burne Many of them haue some skill in Astronomie They keepe no Sabbath but what day they begin any great worke they after keepe holy They haue South-sayers which sometimes runne vp and downe the streets like mad-men with swords in their hands tearing their hayre and throwing themselues against the ground Chinois cut not their haire for then they may not returne to China They buy Slaues and get Children of them which they carrie with them to China but sell the Mother The * Moores if they be Great men haue Moschees in their owne houses they haue one great one in the Citie Forreiners whereof are many from many places inhabite the Suburbes They buy by night distilled Wines of the Chinois and drinke it secretly being forbidden it by their Mahumetane Law It was about the yeere 1560. that this people became of that Sect The men and women passe their time day and night in much sloath dalliance and chewing Betele Epicuri de grege porci CHAP. XVII Of Samatra and Zeilan SAmatra is esteemed by some the greatest of the Easterne Ilands stretching it selfe almost seuen hundred miles in length in bredth aboue two hundred The Ayre is not very wholsome by reason of the situation vnder the Line and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers whereout the Sun drinketh more then hee can well concoct and therefore as it were belcheth out heere continually such crude and vndigested vapours Their food is Millet Rice Sagu and Fruits Their riches are Pepper Ginger Cassia Silke Benioyn Gold Tinne Iron c. The Kingdome of Campa yeeldeth Trees whose pith or marrow is Aloe which is prized in India at the like weight some say of Gold the Barke is called Aquila In the Sea-coast they are Moores in Religion and so haue been about these last two hundred yeeres vp within Land they are Pagans and in many places as in the Kingdomes of Andragiri and Aru they are Man-eaters They were diuided before the Portugals entred India into nine and twentie Kingdomes whereof the chiefe was Pedir after that Pacem and now Acem For Abram sometime a Slaue since King of Acem hath conquered almost all the North part of the Iland and with helpe from the Turke and the Arabians distresseth sometimes the affaires of Malacca This King gaue in marriage with his Daughter to the King of Ior a Peece of Ordnance such as for greatnesse length and workmanship can hardly bee matched in all Christendome Heere is a Hill called Balaluanus which continually burneth and a Fountaine as is reported which runneth pure Balsome Some thinke that this was Chersonesus Aurea of the Ancients Galuanus writeth That the Bacas or Man-eaters in the Mountaines of Samatra gild their teeth and esteeme the flesh of blacke people sweeter then of the white The flesh of their Kine Buffes and Hennes is as blacke as Inke They say that there are certaine people there called Daraqui Dara which haue tayles like to Sheepe Heere is said also to grow a Tree the juyce whereof is strong poyson and if it touch the blood of a man killeth him but if a man drinke of it it is a soueraigne Antidote As for those tayled-people a slander by Beckets Legend reported of some Kentish-men iniurious to that angrie Saint and after applyed to our whole Nation many indeed esteeming the English to bee tayled Galuano affirmeth That the King of Tidore told him that in the Ilands of Batto-China there were some which had tayles hauing also a thing like vnto a dugge betweene their coddes out of the which there came Milke Nicoli di Conti saith in his time the Samatrans were all Gentiles and the Man-eaters amongst them vsed the skuls of their eaten enemies in stead of money exchanging the same for their necessaries and he was accounted the richest man which had most of those skuls in his house In Vertomannus time they had money in Pedir marked on the one side with a Diuell on the other with a Chariot drawne with Elephants Their Religion hee saith is the same with those of Tarnassari burning their Wiues in like manner The inhabitants are cunning Artificers Merchants and Saylers their Ships haue at each end a Prow which with maruellous agilitie they can dispose forwards or backwards making vse of the same according to the diuersitie of Wind and Channell which there are very changeable In Acem are Mesquits of Timber and Reed with Vessels of water at the entrie for them to wash according to the Arabian custome The King comes little abroad nor may any goe to him except he be sent for
circumcised Both sexes are circumcised at eight dayes old and the males fortie dayes after the females fourescore vnlesse sicknesse hasten the same are baptized As for the rites of their Christianitie it belongeth not to this place to expresse Their circumcision Zabo saith is not obserued as if it made them more worthy then other Christians for they thinke to bee saued onely by Faith They vse this and distinctions of meates and Mosaicall rites yet so as he that eateth should not despise him that eateth not and not condemning others that refuse them but yet thinking that neither Christ nor the Apostles nor the Primitiue Church had disannulled them interpreting also the Scriptures to their purpose Of their agreeing with other Churches in the most points of substance the Author of the Catholike Traditions hath written and when I make a Christian Visitation of these parts it shall bee further discouered The succession is not tyed to the eldest but to him whom the father appointeth For Dauid which sent his Embassage to Portugall was the third sonne in order and for modestie in refusing to sit in his fathers Throne which in the same triall his other brethren had accepted was preferred to that which he had refused the other reiected for their forward acceptation The King offered the King of Portugall an hundred thousand drammes of gold and as many Souldiers towards the subduing of the Moores besides other things meete for the warre It seemes the difference of the Ethiopian and Popish superstition was the chiefe hinderance in this businesse neither partie being able if willing to reconcile their long-receiued differences from each other and the truth Eugenius the Pope and the King then named The Seed of Iacob had written to each other and Aluarez yeelded obedience to the Pope in the name of the Prete at Bologna in the presence of Pope Clement the seuenth and Charles the fift But all this sorted to none effect For Pope Paul the fourth sent an Ambassage to Claudius then the Abassine Emperour employing in the same thirteene Iesuites one of which was made Patriarke and two Bishops in their hopefull Ethiopian Hierarchie Ignatius the Founder of the Iesuites wrote a long Letter also which Maffaeus and Iarric haue inserted at large Thus in the yeere 1555. Iohn the third King of Portugall vndertooke the charges to conuey them thither and sent Consaluus Roterigius to prepare them way by a former Ambassage to Claudius whose eares hee found fast closed to such motions Whereupon the new Patriarke stayed at Goa and Ouiedus one of the Bishops with a Priest or two went thither where when they came they found Claudius slaine and his brother Adamas a cruell man and an Apostata sometimes from his Faith in the Throne Hee cast the new Bishop into bands and drew him into the warres with him where the Emperour was discomfited and he taken and stripped of all and at last miserably dyed and with him the hope of Romish Abassia Iohn Nounius Barretus the designed Patriarke refused as Maffaeus saith the Archbishoprick of Goa where his brother was Vice-roy and remayned subiect to the Iesuiticall Societie to his death In the yeere 1559. Ioannes Bermudesius returned to Lisbone He wrote a discourse of his Ambassage from the Ethiopian Emperour to Iohn the third King of Portugall and of his aduentures in those parts befallen him In which he relateth that Abuna Marcos being at the point of death An. 1535. the Emperour willed him to nominate his Successor whereupon hee appointed this Bermudez and ordered him with all sacred Orders which hee accepted vpon condition of the Popes confirmation whereto the Emperour consented desiring him to goe to Rome to giue obedience to the Pope and from thence to Portugall to conclude Tagazano so he calleth him his Ambassage Paul the third confirmed him Patriarke of Alexandria Hee apprehended Tagazano as Onadinguel enioyned and clapt Irons on him His Emperours request was a marriage to be had with the Kings sonne of Portugall the Ethiopian succession to remayne his Dowrie also to send men against Zeila and Pioners to cut thorow a Hill thereby to bring Nilus to annoy Egypt Foure hundred and fiftie were sent accordingly by Garcia of Noronya But Onadinguel was dead and Gradeus was Emperour who ouer-threw the Moores and slue the Kings of Zeila and of Aden This Emperour fell out with the Portugals and sent to Alexandria for another Abuna whose name was Ioseph so that none acknowledged Bermudez but the Portugals Sabellicus saith hee had conference with some Ethiopians which said that their Lord ruled ouer threescore and two Kings They called him Gyam which signifieth Mightie They wondered why the Italians called him a Priest seeing hee neuer receiued Orders onely he bestowed Benefices and is neither called Iohn nor Ianes but Gyam Some report of him things incredible as one Web an English man in his Tales of his Trauels Hee hath gold enough shut vp in a Caue to buy the moytie of the world as L. Regius affirmeth and can rayse an Armie of ten hundred thousand saith Sabellicus Yet the Pesants are not employed in militarie seruice but onely the Cauas which are men brought vp thereto They warre not in the Lent except against themselues with extremitie of fasting so weakning their bodies that the Moores make that their Haruest of Abissine captiues Of this their fasting Aluares saith that they begin their Lent ten dayes before vs and after Candlemasse fast three dayes in remembrance of Niniuehs repentance many Friars in that space eating nothing and some women refusing to suckle their children aboue once a day Their generall fast is bread and water for fish is not easily had they being farre from Sea and ignorant to take it Some Friars eate no bread all Lent long for deuotion some not in a whole yeere or in their whole life but feede on herbes without oile or salt that I speake not of their girdles of Iron and other their hardships which my pen would willingly expresse if my method forbade mee not This fasting as exposing their State to hostile inuasions and insolencies may finde place and mention here Their Friars and Priests in Lent eate but once in two dayes and that in the night Queene Helena that sent her Ambassadour to King Emanuel was reported to eate but three times a weeke on Tuesday Thursday and Saturday On Sundayes they fast not In Tigray and Tigremahon they fast neither Saturday nor Sunday and they marry because they haue two moneths priuiledge from fasting on Thursday before our Shrouetide They that are rich may there marry three wiues and the Iustice forbids them not onely they are excommunicated from entring the Church Some affirme that the Princes of Egypt haue time out of minde payed to Prester Iohn a great tribute continued by the Turkes which Luys saith is three hundred thousand Zequis euery Zequi being sixteene
they after obtained Eusebius in the first booke of his Chronicle attributeth the originall of Idolatry to Serug the Father of Nahor Beda saith In the daies of Phaleg Temples were built and the Princes of Nations adored for gods The same hath Isidore Epiphanius referreth it to Serug and addeth That they had not grauen Images of Wood or Metall but pictures of men and Thara the Father of Abraham was the first Author of Images The like hath Suidas Hugo de S. Victore saith Nimrod brought men to idolatrie and caused them to worship the fire because of the fiery nature and operation of the Sun which errour the Chaldaeans afterwards followed These times till Abram they called Scythismus The reason of their Idolatrie Eusebius alleageth That they thus kept remembrance of their Warriours Rulers and such as had atchieued noblest enterprises and worthiest exploits in their life time Their posteritie ignorant of that their scope which was to obserue their memorials which had been Authors of good things and because they were their forefathers worshipped them as heauenly Deities and sacrificed to them Of their God-making or Canonization this was the manner In their sacred Bookes or Kallenders they ordained That their names should bee written after their death and a Feast should be solemnized according to the same time saying That their soules were gone to the Isles of the blessed and that they were no longer condemned or burned with fire These things lasted to the dayes of Thara who saith Suidas was an Image-maker and propounded his Images made of diuers matter as gods to be worshipped but Abram broke his Fathers Images From Saruch the Author and this Practice Idolatry passed to other Nations Suidas addeth specially into Greece for they worshipped Hellen a Gyant of the posterity of Iapheth a partner in the building of the Tower Not vnlike to this we reade the causes of Idolatry in the booke of Wisdome supposed to be written by Philo but because the substance is Salomons professing and bearing his name which of all the Apochrypha-Scripture sustaineth least exception attaineth highest commendation When a Father mourned grieuously for his sonne that was taken away suddenly he made an Image for him that was once dead whom now he worshippeth as a God and ordained to his seruants Ceremonies and Sacrifices A second cause hee alleageth viz. The tyrannie of men whose Images they made and honoured that they might by all meanes flatter him that was absent as though hee had beene present A third reason followeth The ambitious skill of the workeman that through the beauty of the worke the multitude beeing allured tooke him for a God which a little before was honoured but as a man The like affirmeth Hierome Cyprian and Polydore de inuentoribus LACTANTIVS as before is shewed maketh that the Etymologie of the word Superstitio Quia superstitem memoriam defunctorum colebant aut quia parentibus suis superstites celebrabant imagines eorum domi tanquam deos penates either because they honoured with such worship the suruiuing memory of their dead Ancestors or because suruiuing and out-liuing their Ancestors they celebrated their Images in their houses as houshold gods Such Authors of new Rites and Deifiers of dead men they called Superstitious but those which followed the publikely-receiued and ancient Deities were called Religious according to that Verse of Virgil. Vana superstitio veterumque ignara deorum But by this rule saith Lactantius wee shall find all Superstitious which worship false gods and them only religious which worship the one and true GGD The same Lactantius faith That Noah cast off his sonne Cham for his wickednesse and expelled him Hee abode in that part of the Earth which now is called Arabia called saith he of his name Canaan and his Posteritie Canaanites This was the first people which was ignorant of GOD because their Founder and Prince receiued not of his Father the worship of GOD. But first of all other the Egyptians began to behold and adore the heauenly bodies and because they were not couered with houses for the temperature of the Ayre and that Region is not subiect to clouds they obserued the Motions and Ecclipses of the Starres and whiles they often viewed them more curiously fel to worship them After that they inuented the monstrous shapes of beasts which they worshipped Other men scattered through the World admiring the Elements the Heauen Sunne Land Sea without any Images and Temples worshipped them and sacrificed to them sub dio til in processe of time they erected Temples and Images to their most puissant Kings ordained vnto them Sacrifices Incense so wandering from the knowledge of the true GOD they became Gentiles Thus farre Lactantius And it is not vnlike that they performed this to their Kings eyther in flatterie or feare of their power or because of the benefits which they receiued from them this beeing saith Plinie the most ancient kinde of thankefulnesse to reckon their Benefactours among the gods To which accordeth Cicero in the Examples of Hercules Castor Pollux Aesculapius Liber Romulus And thus the Moores deified their Kings and the Romanes their deceased Emperours The first that is named to haue set vp Images and worship to the dead was Ninus who when his Father Belus was dead made an Image to him and gaue priuiledge of Sanctuary to all Offenders that resorted to this Image whereupon mooued with a gracelesse gratefulnesse they performed thereunto diuine honours And this example was practised after by others And thus of Bel or Belus beganne this Imagerie and for this cause saith Lyra they called their Idols Bel Baal Beel-zebub according to the diuersitie of Languages Cyrillus calleth him Arbelus and saith that before the Floud was no Idolatrie amongst men but it had beginning after in Babylon in which Arbelus next after whom raigned Ninus was worshipped Tertullian out of the Booke of Enoch before mentioned is of opinion That Idolatrie was before the Floud Thus to continue the memorie of mortall men and in admiration of the immortall heauenly Lights together with the tyrannie of Princes and policies of the Priests beganne this worshipping of the creature with the contempt of the Creator which how they increased by the Mysteries of their Philosophers the fabling of their Poets the ambition of Potentates the Superstition of the vulgar the gainfull collusion of their Priests the cunning of Artificers and aboue all the malice of the Deuils worshipped in those Idols there giuing answeres and Oracles and receiuing Sacrifices the Histories of all Nations are ample Witnesses And this Romane Babylon now Tyrant of the West is the heire of elder Babylon sometimes Ladie of the East in these deuotions that then and still Babylon might bee the mother of Whoredomes and all Abominations To which aptly agree the Parallels of Babylon and Rome in Orosius the Empire of the one ceasing when
swelling ouerflowed part of the Citie and cast downe twenty furlongs of the walls Whereupon despayring as seeming to see GOD and man against him he which before had chambered himselfe with women and accustomed himselfe to the distaffe in a womans both heart and habite now in a manly resolution if it may not more fitly be called a Feminine Dissolution which thus runneth from that danger which it should encounter gathered his treasures together and erecting a frame in his Palace there burnt them himselfe his wiues and Eunuches together The Ashes vnder pretence of a Vow thereof made to Belus Belesus obtained of Arbaces the new Conquerour and Monarch to carry to Babylon But the coozenage being knowne and Belesus condemned for the treasures which with the ashes hee had conueyed Arbaces both gaue them and forgaue him adding the praefecture of the Babylonians according to promise Some say that Belesus whom they call Phul Beloch shared the Empire with him Arbaces raigning ouer the Medes and Persians the other ouer Niniue and Babylonia following herein the forged Metasthenes who as Annius maketh him to say out of the Susian Librarie penned his Historie hauing before fabled a Catalogue out of Berosus of the ancient Kings contrary to that which out of the fragments of the true Berosus before is deliuered Sardanapalus is written saith Scaliger in his Notes vpon Eusebius with a double ll Sardanapalus a name fitting to his effeminate life 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifie the same whence are those words of Cicero 3. De Repub. Sardanapalus ille vitijs multo quam nomine ipso deformior Sardanapalus built Tarsus and Anchiale saith Eusebius at the same time the one famous for the most famous Diuine that euer the Sunne saw except the Sunne of Righteousnesse himselfe PAVL the Apostle and Doctor of the Gentiles The other for the Authors Monument and stony Image with this Assyrian Epigramme Sardanapalus the sonne of Anacyndaraxis built Anchiale and Tarsus in one day and thou O stranger eate drinke play And Verses were annexed which I haue thus Englished Mortall thou knowst thy selfe then please thine appetite With present dainties Death can yeeld thee no delight Loe I am now but dust whilome a Prince of might What I did eate I haue and what my greedy mind Consum'd how much alas how sweet left I behind Learne this O man thus liue best wisdome thou canst find This his Legacie hee hath bequeathed to all Epicures the liuing Sepulchres of themselues breathing graues not of so many Creatures onely better than themselues which they deuour but of Reason Nature Religion Soule and if it were possible of GOD which all lie buried in these swine couered with the skins of Men. Let vs eate and drinke for to morrow we shall die Who knoweth whether Paul did not allude to this speech of the Founder of his Citie This subuersion of the Assyrian Empire was Anno Mundi 3145. after Buntingus account Of the Medes see more in their proper place The Babylonian Empire renewed by Nabonassar continued till Cyrus of which times we haue little record but in the Scripture as neyther of those Assyrian Kings which before had captiued Israel and inuaded Iuda Senacherib is famous euen in the Ethnike history although they had not the full truth For thus Harodotus telleth that Senacherib King of the Arabians Assyrians warred on Egypt where Sethon before Vulcans Priest then raigned who being forsaken of his Souldiers betooke him to his deuotion amiddest the which hee fell asleepe And the god appearing promised ayde which hee performed sending an Armie of Mice into the Armie of Senacherib which did eate his Souldiers quiuers and the leathers of their shields and armour insomuch that the very next day they all fled In witnesse whereof the Image of the King made of stone standeth in the Temple of Vulcan holding a Mouse in his hand vttering these words Hee that looketh on mee let him bee Religious This Historie the Aegyptians in vanity and ambition had thus peruerted and arrogated to themselues Funccius of Osiander made Nabopollasar and Nabuchodonosor to bee one and the same and diues Commenters vpon Daniel hold the same opinion whom Scaliger and Caluisius confute at large Nabopollasar is supposed to begin his raigne Anno Mundi 3325. which hee continued nine and twentie yeeres in his seuenteenth yeere Nebuchadnezzer so the Masorites misse-call him saith Scaliger or Nabuchodonosor his sonne was sent by him to subdue the rebellious Aegyptians Iewes and Palestinians at which time he carried away Daniel into captiuitie He beganne his raigne Anno Mundi 3354. and in the yeere 3360. destroyed Ierusalem In the yeere 3386. Euilmerodach his sonne succeeded him whom Neriglossoorus as Scaliger affirmeth slew thereby to aduance his owne sonne the Nephew of Nabuchodonosor called Laborosoarchadus to the Scepter which himselfe swaied as Protector in the minoritie of his sonne But he being dead and his sonne more fit for a chamber then a Throne Nabonidus conspired against him and slew him This Nabonidus sayth he is Darius Medus and Laborosoarchadus is that Baltasar mentioned by Daniel after Scaligers interpretation of the Prophet out of Berosus and Megasthenes It is a world to see how the Catholickes so they call themselues sweat in finding out that Nabuchodonosor mentioned in Iudith 1. Pintus would make it a common name to the Babylonian Kings as Pharao to the Egyptians Pererius will haue two of the name others will haue him to be Cyrus others Cambyses Artaxerxes Ochus Once Babel is a Mother of confusion to her children and makes them babble while they will Canonize Apocrypha-Scriptures Cyrus ended the Babylonian Monarchie and hauing wonne Babylon and taken Darius Medus at Borsippa he gaue him his life and the gouernment of Carmania An. Mund. 3409. As Nabuchodonosor had by Edict proclaimed the GOD of Daniel so Cyrus ended the captiuitie of his people giuing libertie to such as would to returne But many Iewes abode there still and thence sent their yeerely offerings to the Temple In the time of Artabanus the Parthian when Caligula tyrannized at Rome Asimaeus and Anilaeus brethren of the Iewish Nation grew mightie and haughtie withall forgetting GOD and themselues which caused the Babylonians to conspire against them and after the death of the brethren with thousands of their partakers and slew in Seleucia fiftie thousand of the Iewish Nation Neerda and Nibisis were then much peopled by the Iewes And thus Religion partly held the ancient course partly was mixed according to the custome of Conquests with the Persian Macedonian Parthian besides the Iewish and Syrian vntill the Apostles preached here the Christian veritie About the same time Helena and her sonne Izates King of Adiabena which is in these parts of Assyria became Iewish Proselytes Seleucia built by Seleucus as it were the marriage-Chamber of Euphrates and Tygris which there meete and mixe their waters Nature being
Capitolinus writeth that Verus a voluptuous Emperour spent foure Summers here and wintered in Laodicea and Antioch Seuerus more truly answering his name did to death certaine Tribunes by whose negligence the Souldiers here were suffered to riot The Oracles added renowne to the place which were deliuered out of these Daphnaean waters by a certaine wind or breath Adrian the Emperour is reported to haue hence receiued the facultie of Diuining by dipping a Cypresse leafe in the Fountaine Iulian resorted hither often for that purpose But his elder brother Gallus whom Constantius had called to be Caesar and after sayth Ammianus for his outrages executed had in the time of his abode at Antioch remoued the bones of Babylas their Bishop and other holy Martyrs his companions in suffering to this place where also he built a Church Now when as Iulian in his Persian expedition had sent others to visite all the other Oracles in the Roman Empire himselfe here consulted with Apollo an Apostata Emperour with an Apostata Angell about the successe of those warres But all his sacrifices obtained no other answere then that he could not answere by the countermand of a more diuine power there liuing in those dead bones Hereupon Iulian command the Christians to remoue those ill neighbours which they did sayth Theodoret with a solemne procession singing the Psalmes and dancing with the heart of Dauid making this the burthen and foot of each verse Confounded bee all they that worship grauen Images wherewith Iulian enraged persecuted the Christians Euagrius affirmeth that hee built a Temple in honour of Babylas how truely I knew not But the true God confounded both the Idoll and Idolater shortly after calling the one to giue account of his ill employed stewardship vncertaine whether by diuine or humane hand and for the other his Temple was consumed with fire from aboue together with the Image one pillar whereof remained in Chrysostomes dayes The Pagans attributed this fire to the Christians and no maruell for what did not that fire of blind Idolatrie kindled with zeale attribute to the innocent Christians herein testifying that it came from hell and must to hell againe by that hellish Character and impression of so great fire and as great darkenesse Such is Hell and such is ignorant Zeale a fire but no light Apollo's Priest by no torments could be forced to confesse any author thereof and the officers of the Temple affirmed it was fire from heauen which certaine Countrey-people confirmed by their owne sight Iulian to satisfie his rage caused some Temples of the Christians to be burned Nicephorus telleth of the continuance of this Daphnaean groue honoured with buildings and spectacles by Mammianus and Chosroes Apollo's Image was made of wood couered ouer with gold Theodosius forbad the cutting of any of those Cypresses Orontes is a Riuer which ariseth in Coelesyria and payeth tribute to all the three brethren it visiteth Pluto's Palace running with a long tract vnder the Earth and then heauing vp his head maketh his gladsom homage to Iupiter and after his custome payed to the Antiochians in fine powreth himselfe into ahe lappe of Neptune entring the Sea neere to Seleucia It was called Typhon vntill Orontes building a bridge ouer it caused it to be called by his name They had here a tale of Typhon a huge Dragon which diuided the earth as hee went seeking to hide himselfe and perished by the stroke of a thunderbolt Thus did he indent a passage for this Riuer Not farre hence was a sacred Caue called Nymphoeum also Mount Casius and Anticasius and Heraclia and nigh thereto the Temple of Minerua In Laodicea was this goddesse honoured to whom they offered in yeerely sacrifice in old time a maid after that in stead thereof a Hart. I may here mention also that which Tacitus reporteth of the Mount Carmel as hee placeth it betwixt Iudea and Syria where they worshipped a god of that name with Ethnicke rites They had not any Temple or Statue to this god and Altar onely and Reuerence was here seene Vespasian did in this place offer sacrifice where Basilides the Priest viewing the entrals foretold him of his good successe Damascius in the life of Isidorus mentioneth a Syrian goddesse named Babia of whom infants newly borne were by the Syrians especially at Damascus called also Babia perhaps they were esteemed vnder her tutelage and our English word Babes may hence borrow the originall CHAP. XVI Of the Syrian Kings and alteration in Gouernment and Religion in those Countries SYRIA quickly grew into Peoples and Kingdomes although Time hath long since deuoured both them and their memories Of Menon the husband of Semiramis mentioned by Diodorus is spoken before Adadezer was in Dauids time King of Aram Zoba which some take for Chobal in Syria some for Sophene in Armenia and some for the Nubei whatsoeuer they were Dauid made them tributarie Anno mundi 2903. Benhadad Hazael and others the Scripture also mentioneth but certaine succession we find not recorded of these Syrian Kings till the time of Alexander which conquering all from Macedonia to India by his inexpected death left his huge Empire to bee shared among his chiefe followers Seleucus the sonne of Antiochus a Macedonian first master of the Elephants then Tribune after that Deputie of the Babylonians at last obtained the Kingdome of Asia Anno Mundi 3638 of whom Appianus thus writeth The first King of Syria after Alexander was Seleucus called Nicator because he was of very great stature and as a wild bull had in a sacrifice of Alexander broken loose hee held him with both his hands Hee built sixteene Cities called by the name Antiochia of his father Antiochus and sixe Laodicea's in memorie of his mother Laodice nine Seleucia's of his owne name three Apamea's and one Stratonicea after the names of his two wiues He prospered in his warres tooke Babylon subdued the Bactrians pierced to the Indians which had slaine Alexanders Gouernours placed amongst them after Alexanders death He slew Lysimachus and seuen Moneths after was circumuented and slaine of Ptolomei whose sister Lysimachus had married being seuentie three yeeres old To him succeeded his sonne Antiochus sur-named Soter Anno 3667. who had obtayned Stratonice his mother in law of his father moued thereunto by his sonnes violent loue and his Physicians subtile perswasion His sonne Antiochus Theos was contrarie to his name poysoned by his wife whose sonnes Seleucus Callinicus and Antiochus succeeded and after them Antiochus Magnus the sonne of Callinicus who much enlarged his Empire adding thereto Babylonia Egypt and Iudea but inuading Graecia prouoked the Romans against him with whom he compounded on base and meane conditions Hee did yet comfort himselfe for his losse among his friends saying that he was beholding to the Romans that eased him of so weightie a burthen and lessened his cares of gouernment for they had cooped him in a corner of his Kingdome
the Feast in hope of like destruction to the Christians as befell Iericho and then renew the shaking of their boughes The seuenth day is most solemne called by them Hoschana rabba the great Hosanna as if one should say the great feast of saluation or helpe because then they pray for the saluation of all the people and for a prosperous new-yeere and all the prayers of this Feast haue in them the words of sauing as O God saue vs and O God of our saluation and as thou hast saued the Israelites and such like the prayers are therefore called Hosannoth Then they produce seuen bookes and in euery of their seuen compassings lay vp one againe This night they know their fortunes by the Moone for stretching out their armes if they see not the shadow of their head by Moone-light they must dye that yeere if a finger wanteth hee loseth a friend if the shadow yeeld him not a hand hee loseth a sonne the want of the left hand portendeth losse of a daughter if no shadow no life shall abide with him for it is written Their shadow is departed from them Some Iewes goe yeerely into Spaine to prouide Pome-citrons and other necessaries for the furnishing this feast which they sell in Germany other places to the Iewes at excessiue prices They keepe their Tabernacles in all weathers except a very vehement storme driue them with a heauie countenance into their houses Their wiues and seruants are not so strictly tyed hereto §. IIII. Of their New Moones and New-yeeres day THe New-Moones are at this day but halfe festiuall to the Iewes accounting themselues free to worke or not in them but the women keepe it intirely festiuall because they denyed their Eare-rings to the molten Calfe which after they bestowed willingly on their Tabernacle The deuouter Iewes fast the day before Their Mattins is with more prayers their dinner with more cheere then on other dayes and a great part of the day after they sit at Cardes or telling of Tales That day when the Moone is eclipsed they fast When they may first see the New-Moone they assemble and the chiefe Rabbi pronounceth a long Prayer the rest saying after him The Iewes beleeuing that GOD created the world in September or Tisri conceit also that at the reuolution of the same time yeerely hee sitteth in iugdement and out of the bookes taketh reckoning of euery mans life and pronounceth sentence accordingly That day which their great Sanhedrin ordayned the New-yeeres festiuall God receiuing thereof intelligence by his Angels sent thither to know the same causeth the same day a Senate of Angels to bee assembled as it is written Daniel 12. All things prouided in the solemnest manner the three bookes are opened one of the most Wicked who are presently registred into the Booke of Death the second of the Iust who are inrolled into the Booke of Life and the third of the meane sort whose Iudgement is demurred vntill the day of Reconciliation the tenth of Tisri that if in the meane time they seriously repent them so that their good may exceed their euill then are they entred into the Booke of Life if otherwise they are recorded into the Blacke Bill of Death Their Scripture is produced by R. Aben Let them bee blotted out of the Booke of the liuing and not bee written with the Iust Blotting points you to the Booke of Death Liuing that of Life and not writing with the Iust is the third Booke of Indifferents All the workes which a man hath done through the yeere are this day examined The good workes are put in one ballance the bad in the other what helpe a siluer Chalice or such heauie metall could affoord in this case you may finde by experience in Saint Francis Legend who when the bad deeds of a great man lately dead out-weighed the good at a dead lift cast in a siluer Chalice which the dead partie had sometime bestowed on Franciscan deuotion and weighed vp the other side and so the Diuels lost their prey GOD say they pronounceth sentence of punishment or reward sometime in this life to bee executed sometime in the other In respect hereof their Rabbines ordaine the moneth before to be spent in penance and morning and Eeuening to sound a Trumpet of a Rams-horne as Aue Marie Bell to warne them of this Iudgement that they may thinke of their sinnes and besides to befoole the Diuell that with this often sounding being perplexed hee may not know when this New-yeeres day shall bee to come into the Court to giue euidence against them The day before they rise sooner in the morning to mutter ouer their prayers for remission and when they haue done in the Synagogue they goe to the graues in the Church-yard testifying that if GOD doe not pardon them they are like to the dead and praying that for the good workes of the Saints the iust Iewes there buried hee will pitty them and there they giue large almes After noone they shaue adorne and bathe themselues that they may be pure the next day for some Angels soyled with impuritie heere below are faine to purge themselues in the fierie brooke Dinor before they can prayse GOD how much more they and in the water they make confession of their sins the confession containeth two and twentie words the number of their Alphabet and at the pronouncing of euery word giue a knocke on their brest and then diue wholly vnder water The Feast it selfe they begin with a cup of Wine and New-yeere Salutations and on their Table haue a Rammes head in remembrance of That Ramme which was offered in Isaacks stead and for this cause are their Trumpets of Rams-horne Fish they eate to signifie the multiplication of their good workes they eate sweet fruits of all sorts and make themselues merry as assured of forgiuenesse of their sinnes and after meat all of all sorts resort to some bridge to hurle their sinnes into the water as it is written Hee shall cast all our sinnes into the bottome of the Sea And if they there espie any fish they leape for ioy these seruing to them as the scape-goate to carrie away their sinnes At night they renew their cheere and end this feast §. V. Of their Lent Penance and Reconciliation Fast. FRom this day to the tenth day is a time of Penance or Lent wherein they fast and pray for the cause aforesaid and that if they haue beene written in the Booke of Death yet God seeing their good works may repent and write them in the Life-Booke Thrice a day very earely they confesse three houres before day and surcease suits at Law c. And on the ninth day very earely they resort to the Synagogue and at their returne euery male taketh a Cocke and euery female a Henne if she be with childe both and the housholder saying out of the hundred and fift Psalme verses 17 18 19
Kings and Princes who before in that Countrey vsed no Physicians He published neere an hundred bookes manie of Physicke some of Philosophie a Dictionarie of Herbes and Stones Verses of the Soule c. He liued eight and fiftie yeeres and dyed in Hamadan He had runne thorow all Arts at eighteene Thus Ben-Casem But others affirme that a certaine Physician flourishing of great note vpon whom no praying nor paying could fasten a Disciple lest the secrets of his Art should bee made common the mother of Auicenna offers her sonne to doe him seruice in decoctions and other meaner offices which hee could not doe himselfe nor was there feare of danger from him whom nature had made deafe and therefore dumbe Hee made tryals and found Auicenna deafe as he thought and entertayned him who watched his times and transcribed his bookes and notes sending them closely to his Mother which after his mothers death hee published in his owne name Damascus is called of the Arabians Sciam and Demasc of the Syrians Darmsuc It is luxurious in Fruits of all kinds rich in Oliues and Yron of excellent temper by nature and so bettered by Art that no Helme or Shield can withstand it It is seated in a large Plaine at the roots of Libanas there called Hermon sixe miles in compasse double walled with a strong square Tower in the midst built by a Florintine beautified with Springs Market-places publike Buildings Meskits Bathes Canes and all sorts of like weauing and in all ancient times with Learning and learned men Here flourished Saint Damascen and heere Almotannabbi excelled in Arts and Armes emulous of Mahomet but not with like successe Hee was called Nabion that is The Prophet this Motannabbi that is Prophecying hee wrote the Alcoran elegantly and eloquently this excelled in Prose and Verse both had Followers but this mans Disciples after his death were disperst which hapned A. H. 354. Ben-Casem also relates that Mohamed Abi Abdillah professed Philosophie in this Citie and to dispute with all commers and wrote a huge Booke De vnitate existendi principiorum He dyed there A.H. 638. Aleppo is called of the Inhabitants Haleb the chiefe Mart of all the East frequented by Persians Indians Armenians and all Europians The Port is Scanderoone called by the Inhabitants Escanderuneh The soyle is very fertile and nourisheth abundance of Silke-wormes A.H. 922. Sultan Selim tooke it and found therein infinit wealth Sciarfeddin which wrote the Victories of the Othomans in two Tomes saith that it had of Gold and Siluer coyned 1150000. a mightie masse vncoyned Vests of cloath of Gold tissued or wrought with gold silk and scarlet aboue 300000. besides abundance of Gems Pearls And besides other wealth innumerable it had eight Armories well furnished It now flourisheth in the next place to Constantinople and Caito and may be called Queene of the East Here are store of Gems Amber Bengeoin Lignum Aloes and Muske which is taken from a little reddish beast beaten with many blowes on one place that the bloud may all come thither Then is the skin so swolne and full of bloud bound straight that the bloud may not issue and put into one or more bladders is dryed on a beasts backe till the bladder fall off of it selfe and that bloud after a moneth becomes excellent Muske At Aleppo was borne that great Grammarian Othaman Abu Homar surnamed Ben-ellhhageb which wrote Cafia and Sciafia of Grammer and dyed A. H. 672. CHAP. III. The Life of Mahumet Mahammed or Muhammed the Saracen Law-giuer §. I. Mahumets Life after the Histories of Christians THe life of Mahomet is at large described by diuers Authors but I finde it no where so fully as before the Alcaron in the Italian Edition the sum whereof and of the other reports touching the same is this Ismael was the first according to that Italian Author others ascribe it to Abraham that built the Temple at Mecca and hauing to wife an Egyptian Idolatresse had by her twelue sonnes which as he saith being dispersed in Arabia Persia Armenia sowed so many sorts of Religion and Chedar his second sonne placed in the Temple of his father vpon an high Tower called Alquibla an Idoll named Allech and Alleze instituting certaine cremonies and amongst the rest the sacrificing of a Ram in remembrance of that Ram which was presented to his grand-father Abram at the offering of Isaac Of Chedar descended Thebic and so in order Caab Numhib Almucaien Ahlucen Acaha Amubasca Amir Celif Nisca Abhimaistae Aadirem Scaad Mudhar Ilges Mudicita Hudhaifa Chinene Anascere Melich Phasce Paliff Lunai Cabnai Morta Chelef Facien Abdamanef Abdalmutalif Abdalla the supposed father of Mahomet his mothers name was Hennina or Hemina a Iewish as some write his father was an Ethnicke or Pagan Idolater His base condition and obscuritie was such that the Turkes themselues doubt whether he were an Arabian or Persian notwithstanding that genealogicall rabble Richerius reporteth that he was a Cyreuean by birth and that in the time of his minoritie or child-hood he was by some Plagiarie stolne away from his friends and sold to the Ismaelit-Marchants Others say that hee was abandoned both of father and mother and according to the cruell custome of that barbarous people sold to strangers From so base a beginning did this cunning Impostor and Seducer of the world arise to be the scourge of Princes and disturber of the world He was somewhat comely of person and of sharp wit and therefore was made ouer-seer of the businesse of Abdalmutalif his Master or as some say his Grand-father and traded for him in Soria Egypt and Persia and after his death inherited his goods continuing his trade of Marchandize with a great man of Corozan he succeeded him in his bed wealth by the marriage of his widdow Gadisa whom others call Adega the daughter of Hulert and that as some suspect not vnprobably by the helpe of Sorceries and Incantations With this widdow after shee was become his wife he liued in his wonted course of life thirteene yeeres and had by her one sonne and three daughters And by this meanes growne great he aspired higher assembling to himselfe a company of theeues vnthrifts and out-lawes which with him became voluntaries and aduenturers in the warres of the Emperour Heraclius against the Persians in which he valourously behaued himselfe and was wounded in the visage and Cosdroes the Persian King was ouercome After this Mahomet deuising further how to satisfie his ambitious desire of Soueraigntie met with occasion fitting those his aspiring designes The Arabians being denied their pay as is said raised a mutinie and rebellion these chose Mahomet to be their Captaine who vsed them as his instruments of robbery and violence about the countries of Mecca But the Nobles opposing themselues against him hee perceiuing that their power and authoritie would be a perilous rub in his way thought it his safest course to
where in the beginning of these tumults hee had beene put who first feared death and the next thing was hee begged water whom they presently proclaimed Emperour Osman consulted with Huzein Bassa late Vizier in the Polish warre and the Aga of the Ianizaries both faithfull to him sent to haue strangled Mustapha in the Seraglio but a new vproare happened and hee was remoued and guarded The next day the King with the Mufti went to them where after much intreatie their hearts somewhat relenting yet with new furie possessed they slew Huzein Bassa and the Aga the Mufti was conueyed away secretly and Osman led to Mustapha pleads for his life and at last is cast into the Seuen Towers prisoner Daout Bassa the new Vizier enquires and findes that Osman had two brothers liuing one about twelue the other seuen yeeres old and thereupon goes to the prison with a packe of executioners which finde him new falne asleepe and by their intrusion awaked and discontent At first they are amazed and hee made shew to defend himselfe till a strong knaue strooke him on the head with a battle axe and the rest leaping on him strangled him with much adoe And soone after they mourned for their dead King as freshly as they had raged vnseasonably this being the first Emperour they had betrayed and hauing set vp one which in all likelihood they must change for disabilitie The first of Iune following the Capiaga had receiued secret order to strangle Osmans brethren which going to doe they cry out and he by the Pages was slaine The Ianizaries mutinie afresh and will haue account of this treason whereof the King denies knowledge so did Daout who was suspected but to please them is degraded and Huzein Bassa late Gouernour of Cairo put in his place There is later report of the said Daout to bee strangled in the same place where hee had caused Osman to die Neither can wee expect otherwise then monstrous and portentuous births after such viperean conceptions CHAP. X. Of the Opinions holden by the Turkes in their Religion and of their Manners and Customes HOw the Turkes from so small beginnings haue aspired to this their present greatnesse you haue seene bought indeed at a deare price with their temporall Dominions accepting of a spirituall bondage becomming the Lords of many Countries and withall made subiect to those many Mahumetan superstitions The occasion and chiefe cause of Sects in the Saracenicall deuotions yee haue heard in the fourth and seuenth Chapters to which wee may adde here out of Bellonius He saith that besides the Alcoran they haue another booke called Zuna that is the Way or Law or Councell of Mahomet written after his death by his disciples but the readings thereof being diuers and corrupt the Caliph assembled a generall Councell of their Alphachi or learned men at Damasco wherein six Commissioners were appointed namely Muszlin Bochari Buborayra Annecey Atermindi and Dent to view and examine these bookes each of which composed a booke and those six bookes were called Zuna the other copies being two hundred Camels-lading were drowned in the Riuer those six onely made authenticall esteemed of equall authoritie among the Turkes with the Alcoran and after by one of their Diuines contracted into an Epitome which booke was called the Booke of Flowers But this Zuna being not Vna one as the Truth is but full of contrarietie hence haue risen Sects amongst them the Turkes differing from other Mahumetan Nations and diuided also amongst themselues §. I. Of their Eight Commandements ANTHONY MENAVINVS who liued a long time in the Turkish Court saith that the Booke of their Law is called Musaph or Curaam which Georgiouitz reckoneth another booke not the Alcoran it is in Arabike and they hold vnlawfull to translate it into the vulgar If any like not of Georgiouitz his opinion but thinke it to be the Alcoran for al is but the Article and the name little differs as before is shewed I could thinke it likely that this containeth some Extracts and Glosses thereof or is to their Alcaron as our Seruice booke to our Bible hauing some sons and proper methodes but grounded on the other Some things I finde cited out of the Curaam that are not in the Alcoran as that of the Angels mortalitie which perhaps may bee the mistaking of the Interpreter The ignorance of the Arabike hath caused much mis-calling of words and names They haue it in such reuerence that they will not touch it except they be washed from top to toe and it is read in their Churches by one with a loud voyce the people giuing deuout attendance without any noyse nor may the Reader hold it beneath his girdlested and after he hath read it he kisseth it and toucheth his eyes with it and with great solemnitie it is carried into the due place Out of this booke are deriued eight principall Commandements of their Law The first is GOD is a great God and one onely God and MAHOMET is the Prophet of God this Article of the Vnitie they thinke maketh against vs who beleeue a Trinitie of Persons in detestation whereof they often reiterate these words Hu hu hu that is He he he is onely GOD who is worthy to be praised for their limbes health c. and for that he hath prouided sustenance for euery one fortie yeeres before his birth The second Commandement is Obey thy Parents and doe nothing to displease them in word or deed they much feare the curses of their parents 3. Doe vnto others as thou wouldest bee done vnto 4. That they repaire to the Meschit or Church at the times appointed of which after 5. To fast one moneth of the yeere called Romezan or Ramadan 6. That they giue almes to the poore liberally and freely 7. To marry at conuenient age that they may multiply the sect of Mahomet 8. Not to kill Of these Commandements is handled at large in Menauino and in the booke of the Policie of the Turkish Empire and in others Their times of prayer according to the fourth precept are in the morning called Salanamazzi before Sun-rising the second at noone called Vlenamazzi The third about three houres before Sun-set called Inchindinamazzi The fourth at Sun-set Ascannamazzi The fifth two houres within night before they goe to sleepe Master Sandys nameth seuen times of prayer enioyned daily the first Tingilnamas two houres before day not mentioned by Septemcastrensis and another Giumanamas at ten in the morning duely obserued on the Fridayes by all at other times by the more religious When the Priest calls to prayer they will spread their garments on the earth though they bee in the fields and fall to their deuotions Moreouer I haue seene them conioyntly pray in the corners of the streets before the opening of their shops in the morning They spend but a part of Friday their Sabbath in deuotion and the rest in recreations but that so rigorously that a Turke
Kings ordinarie guard night and day guarded the Palace the most of them Persians another band of 10000. choice horse-men were wholly Persian and were called Immortall one thousand of the best of them called Doryphori and Melophori were chosen into the Kings guard They receiue no money but allowance of victuall for their wages Curtius mentioneth a guard next to the Kings person called the Kings kinsemen which were 15000. But it were too tedious to recite the Homotimi Megistanes and other his court-officers and attendants the Surena which was the chiefe Magistrate and others whereof Brissonius hath written As their liues were burthened with voluptuousnesse so they prepared for their deaths that they might descend suddenly into the graue as Iob saith of the prosperitie of some wicked without any bands to vse Dauids phrase of a lingring death certaine poysons tempered of the excrements of the Dircaerus an Indian bird which in short time without sense of griefe depriued them of life After the Kings death they extinguished the SACRED FIRE which rite Alexander obserued in Hephaestions funerall In Persepolis were erected vnto them stately Monuments with Titles and Epitaphs inscribed The Monuments of the Kings there with other Antiquities haue conquered Time and Alexanders Fires yet remaining so fresh as if they were new made many still shining like glasse Among which a Iasper Table is remarkable inscribed with letters which none can reade all of a Pyramide or Delta forme in diuersifyed postures Twentie such Pillars remaine of admirable greatnesse beautie and likenesse of a lasting Marble with Images in long habits like the Venetian Senators with wide sleeues and long beards others sitting as in high arched seats with footstooles in great Maiestie There are also huge Colossean horses with giantly riders of Marble And although a goodly fertile Countrey doth inuite habitation of ten leagues extent euery way yet is there now but one poore village of foure hundred housholders called Margatean in this plaine of Persepolis Our Author acknowledgeth Diodorus his relations iustly agreeing with his eyes and esteemeth these Monuments farre beyond all other the worlds miraculous Artifices I might here terrifie the delicate and already-wearied Reader with representation of their Martiall marching discipline numbers armors and the like of which Brisson hath written a whole booke Yet because wee haue thus farre waded in matters of the Persian Magnificence let vs take a little view of the Heyre and Successour to that Greatnesse Great Alexander in state entring Babylon thus by Curtius related Many came forth to meet him the wayes were all strowed with flowers and garlands on both sides were erected siluer Altars laden with Frankincense and all kinde of odors There followed him for presents droues of Horses and Cattell Lions and Leopards in grates were carried before him The Magi after their manner of Procession singing had the next place after them the Chaldaeans and the Babylonians both Diuiners and Artificers with musicall Instruments Then the Horsemen furnished beyond magnificence in excesse of prodigalitie The King with his Armie followed and last of all the Towns-men Hee that will compare with these relations that which in the bookes of the Romane Ceremonies is written of the Popes strait Tiara enuironed with a triple Crowne the veneration performed to him by all euen Emperours kissing his feet holding his bridle and stirrop putting their shoulders vnder his Chaire when hee lists to ride on mens shoulders holding water to his hands and bearing the first dish to his Table the change of his name at his election his Palfrayes alwayes white like the Nisaean led before him one of which carryeth his God vnder a Canopie his Scala Processions and other Rites shall see some hence borrowed most exceeding the Persian Excesse Once all Religion with them seemeth turned into State and Ceremonie the soule being fled and this bodily exercise bodie of exercise in exercise of the body onely left CHAP. VI. Of the Persian Magi. THe name of Magi is sometimes applied say some to all the Persians or else to a particular Nation amongst them sometime it signifieth the most excellent in Philosophie and knowledge of nature or in sanctitie and holinesse of life Thus Suidas calls the Persian Magi Philosophi and Philothei studious of knowledge of nature and of God Sometimes it signified such as wee now call Magicians practisers of wicked Arts Among the Persians this name was ancient and honourable saith Peucerus applyed onely to the Priests which liued in high reputation for dignitie and authoritie being also Philosophers as the Chaldaeans were To these were committed the custodie of Religion of ancient Monuments of later Histories of publike records and the explanation of the Persian wisdome whose account appeareth in that after Cambyses death one of them is reported to succeed in the Throne Now whereas the Ethnicks had a tradition of two Genij which attend euery man one good the other euill proceeding in likelihood from Diuine Truth concerning good and euill Angels which are either ministring Spirits for mans good or tempters vnto euill curious men hence tooke occasion to deuise new Arts which were called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the one calling vpon the good Daemon or Genius by the other on the euill which euill One could easily turne himselfe into an Angel of light to delude blind people being indeed as in our White and Blacke witches at this day worse when an Angel then when a Deuill Hereof were diuers kindes Necromancie which inuocated the spirits of the dead of which smoaky Soot the Heathens Diuine Poets and our Poeticall Diuines in the tales of Hell and Purgatory striue who shall haue the blackest tincture They had also their Lecanomanciae which was obserued in a Bason of water wherein certaine plate of gold and siluer were put with Iewels marked with their iugling Charactars and thence after pronuntiation of their words were answeres whispered Gastromancie procured answere by pictures or representations in glasse-vessels of water after the due Rites Catoptromancie receiued those resemblances in cleere glasses Chrystallomancie in Crystall Dactyliomancie was a diuination with Rings which perhaps Gyges vsed consecrated by certaine position of the heauens and diuellish Inchantments Onymancie with Oyle and Soote daubed on the Nayle of an vndefiled Childe and held vp against the Sunne Hydromancie with water Aeromancie with ayre But what should I adde the many more names of this Artlesse Art vnworthy the naming Tibi nomina mille Mille nocendi artes Infinitely diuersified are these blind by wayes of darknesse and mischiefe Delrio hath other diuisions of Magicke which from the efficient hee diuideth into Naturall Artificiall and Diabollicall from the end into Good and Bad and this bad which is by explicite or implicite compact with Deuills into Magia specialis Diuinatio Maleficium Nugatoria Zoroaster is supposed Author both of the good and bad vnto
oath cleared himselfe of this odious imputation And yet hee is no lesse suspected of a more monstrous and vnnaturall treacherie against his owne father who is thought to bee poysoned by his meanes that by these bloudie steps hee might ascend to that Throne which now he enioyeth But all this notwithstanding he hath since so subtilly handled the matter that hee is both beloued of his owne and feared of his enemie his subiects sweare and blesse in his name He hath recouered from the Turke both Tauris and other Regions of Seruania and Georgia which the Turke had before taken from the Persians Hee was reported also to haue taken Bagdat but it seemeth not truly Iansonius in his Newes 1610. reporteth of diuers victories obtained by him against the Turke which caused publike Fasts and supplications to be appointed at Constantinople and of the Persian Embassage with rich Presents and holy Reliques to the Emperour at Prage Gotardus Arthus likewise in his Gallobelgicus relateth of Abas his Embassage to Constantinople about a Peace but when his Embassadour returned with Articles whereby the Persian was bound vnder shew of gifts to pay an annuall tribute to the Sultan he therefore put him to death putting out the eyes also and cutting off the hands of the Turkish Embassador which was sent with him Of Bagdat and old Babylon wee haue spoken elsewhere let this be here added out of Balbi that trauelling from Felugia to Bagdat which hee reckoneth a dayes iourney and a halfe one whole dayes iourney thereof was by one side of the ruines of Babylon which hee left on the left hand As for Tauris in the yeere 1514. Selim tooke it as some say on composition which hee brake and carried thence three thousand of the best Artificers to Constantinople Anno 1535. Solymar gaue it for a prey to his souldiers Anno 1515. Osman spoiled it with vncouth and inhumane cruelties whatsoeuer the insulting Conqueror in the vtmost extent of lawlesse lust could inflict or the afflicted condition of the conquered could in the most deiected state of miserie sustaine was there executed Abas in recouerie hereof vsed the Canon an Instrument which before they had to their owne losse scorned The Prince is saith our Author excellent both of composition of bodie and disposition of minde of indifferent stature sterne countenance piercing eyes swart colour his mustachees on the vpper lip long his beard cut close to the chin Hee delights in Hunting and Hawking Running Leaping and trying of Masteries He is an excellent Horse-man and Archer In the morning he vseth to visit his stables of great Horses and hauing there spent most of the forenoone he returnes to his Palace About three of the clocke in the after-noone he goeth to the At-Maiden which is the high street of Hispaan the Citie of his residence round about which are scaffolds for the people to sit and behold the King and his Nobles at their Exercises of Shooting Running Playing at Tennis c. all on horse-backe In this place very often in his owne person he heareth causes and pronounceth sentence executing Iustice seuerely Now that we may mention some of the chiefe Cities of Persia vnder which name I here comprehend as vsually in this Historie their Dominion not as it is measured by the Pens of Geographers but by the Swords of their Princes In Sumachia Master Cartwright saith They saw the ruines of a cruell spectacle which was a Turret erected with Free-stone and Flints in the midst whereof were placed the heads of all the Nobilitie and Gentrie of the Countrie A mile from this Towne was a Nunnerie wherein was buried the bodie of Amaleke Canna the Kings daughter who slew her selfe with a knife for that her father would haue forced her to marrie a Tartarian Prince the Virgins of the Countrey resort hither once a yeere to lament her death Sechi is foure dayes iourney thence not farre from which is Ere 's which because they yeelded to the Turke were by Emir-Hamze vtterly destroyed man woman and child Arasse is the chiefe Citie of Merchandize in all Seruania especially for raw Silks Tauris hath out-liued many deaths and is very rich by reason of continuall Trade nourishing almost two hundred thousand people within her compasse for wals it hath not This was sometime the Seat-Royall and after that Casbin which is situate in a fertile Plaine foure dayes iourney in length wherein are two thousand Villages The buildings are of Bricke dried in the Sunne as in Persia is most vsuall The At-Maidan or chiefe street is foure square almost a mile in circuit Neere to it is Ardouil of chiefe note for beginning of the Sophian Superstition Geilan is foure dayes iourney from Casbin and stands neere to the Caspian Sea Neere to Bachu is a Fountaine of black oyle which serueth all the Countrey to burne in their houses Cassan is well seated and rich in Marchandize but subiect to heat more then other parts of Persia No person is there permitted to be idle Hispaan is thought by some to be Hecatompolis the walls are a dayes iourney about on horsebacke before the greatest now the Royall Citie of the Persians It hath a strong Fort two Seraglio's the walls whereof glister with red Marble and Parget of diuers colours paued all with Mosaique worke all things else combining Maiestie and Louelinesse Magnificence and Beautie The inhabitants as did the ancient Parthians whose chiefe Citie it sometime hath beene buy sell talke and performe all their publike and priuate affaires on horse-backe the Gentlemen neuer goe on foot Sciras is thought to bee Persepolis it is rich of Trade and there is the best Armour made in all the East of Iron and steele cunningly tempered with the iuyce of certaine herbes The Gouernement of this State in Warre and Peace I leaue to others §. VI. An Appendix touching the present Persian King out of Sir ANTHONY SHERLEY HAuing thus followed the currant of Authors in these Relations of Persia there hath since the first Edition been published the Trauels of Sir Anthony Sherley into these parts with Sir Robert Sherley his brother penned by himselfe with some extracts whereof to furnish this Chapter alreadie tedious as with a second seruice after a full stomacke will I hope renue appetite with the varietie so farre fetched and so deare bought howsoeuer before cloyed with fulnes To let passe therefore those worthy Brethren Worthies indeed in this kinde beyond the reach worth of my blurring praise and eclipsing commendations and to come to their Trauell and obseruation Hauing passed not without manifold dangers to Aleppo and thence to Birr and so downe Euphrates by the way they aduentured to see the Campe of Aborisci King of the Arabs inhabiting the desarts of Mesopotamia a poore King with ten or twelue thousand beggerly subiects liuing in tents of blacke haire-cloth well gouerned They came to Bagdat which is wholly on the other side of Tygris
the world sometime accounted another world haue great cause to celebrate and acknowledge the same It is a Wall of Defence about our shoares Great Purueyour of the Worlds commodities to our vse Conueyour of the surquedry and excesses of Riuers Vniter by traffique of Nations which it selfe seuereth an Open Field for pastimes of peace a Pitched Field in time of warre disdaining single personall Combates and onely receiuing whole Cities and Castles encompassed with walls of Wood which it setteth together with deadly hatred and dreadfullest force of the Elements the Fierie thunders Airie blasts Watrie billowes rockes shelues and bottomes of the Earth all conspiring to build heere a house for Death which by fight or flight on land is more easily auoyded and how did it scorne the Inuincible title of the Spanish Fleet in 88. and effect thus much on our behalfe against them The Sea yeeldeth Fish for dyet Pearles and other Iewels for ornament Varietie of creatures for vse and admiration Refuge to the distressed compendious Way to the Passingers and Portage to the Merchant Customes to the Prince Springs to the Earth Clouds to the Skie matter of Contemplation to the minde of Action to the bodie Once it yeeldeth all parts of the World to each part and maketh the World as this Treatise in part sheweth knowne to it selfe Superstition hath had her Sea-prophets which haue found out other Sea-profits as for the purging of sinnes and the Roman Diuines caused Hermaphrodites to be carried to the Sea for expiation the Persian Magi thought it pollution to spit or doe other naturall necessities therein But of these in diuers places §. IIII. Of the varieties of Seas and of the Caspian and Euxine THe Sea is commonly diuided into the Mediterranean and Ocean and vnder that Mid-land appelation are contained all the Seas and Gulfes that are seated within the Land as the Arabian Persian Baltike Bengalan and especially such as the Sea of Sodome and the Caspian which haue no apparant commerce with the Ocean but principally is that Sea called Mediterranean which entring at the Straits of Gibraltar is both larger then any of the rest contayning aboue ten thousand miles in circuit and abutteth not on one onely but on all the parts of the elder world washing indifferently the shores of Asia Africke and Europe The Seas beare also the names of the Countries Cities Hills Riuers and Lands by which they passe or of some other accident there happened as the Atlantike or Germaine Ocean the Adriatike the redde white or blacke Seas the Sea of Ladies the Euxine by a contrary appellation for their in hospitalitie But to contract our speech vnto Asia wee finde the Sea prodigall of his best things and of himselfe vnto it clasping with a louely embrace all this Asian Continent saue where a little Necke of Land diuides it from Africa and no great space together with Tanais from Europe Yea as not herewith satisfying his loue to this Asian Nymph in many places he insiuates himselfe within the Land by Gulfes or Bayes twining his louing armes about some whole Countries other where as it were by hostile vnderminings hee maketh Seas farre from the Sea and hath yeelded so many Ilands as rather may seeme admirable then credible Of those Seas banished from communitie and societie with the Ocean are that Sea of Sodome largely described in our first Booke Many other Lakes also as of Kitaya Van Chiamay Dangu Guian and the like as great or much greater doe no lesse deserue the name of Seas but the most eminent of all the rest is the Caspian or Hyrcan Sea called in these dayes diuersly of the places thereon situate as the Sea of Bachu c. the Moores call it as they doe also the Arabian Gulfe Bohar Corsun that is The Sea inclosed It hath beene diuers times sayled on and ouer by men of our Nation passing that way into Tartaria Media and Persia The first of whom was Master Anthonie Ienkinson 1558. who affirmeth that this Sea is in length about two hundred leagues and in bredth a hundred and fiftie without any issue to other Seas the East part ioyneth with the Turkemen Tartars the West with the Chyrcasses and Caucasus the North with the Nagay Tartars and Volga which springing out of a Lake neere Nouogrode runneth two thousand miles and there with seuentie mouthes falleth into this Sea the South hath Media and Persia In many places it hath fresh water in others brackish in others salt as our Ocean If wee hold the Sea naturally or by selfe-motion or by exhalations salt then the freshnesse may bee attributed to the abundance of fresh Riuers which all come running with tributes of their best wealth to this seeming close-fisted Miser which for ought the world can see of his good workes communicateth with no other Sea any part of that abundance which the Riuers Volga Yaic Yem Cyrus Arash Ardok Oxus Chesel and others many bring into his coffers And yet is this Vsurer neuer the richer Nature it selfe holding a close conspiracie to dispossesse him of his needlesse treasures Yea the Riuers themselues his chiefe Factors and Brokers in the Winter time grow cold in alleageance and frozen in respect wonted dutie or else are detayned by a greater Commander the Generall of Winters forces Frost who then closeth and locketh vp both them and him in Icie prisons till the Sunne taking a neerer view of this incroaching vsurper by the multitude of his Arrowes and Darts chase him out of the field and freeth this Sea and Riuers from their colde fare and close dungeons wherewith Ice their hard Gaoler had entertained them Christopher Burrough relateth that from the middle of Nouember till the midst of March they found this frozen Charitie of the Caspian to their cost being forced with great perill and paine to trauell many dayes on the Ice and leaue their ship in the Sea which there was cut in pieces with violence of the frost And yet is Astracan on the Northerne shore where Volga and the Caspian hold their first conference in sixe and fortie degrees and nine minutes from whence this Sea extendeth beyond the fortieth degree Southwards The freshnesse of the Riuers make it thus subiect to frost which hath no power ouer the salt waters of the Ocean as by most Learned men is holden which appeareth in the Baltike and Euxine Seas which holding not so full commerce with the Ocean and filled with fresh Riuers are made an easie prey to that Icie Tyrant whose forces the more open Seas with their salt defence easily withstand and although from the mouthes of Riuers Bayes and Shores hee brings whole Ilands of Ice into those watrie Plaines yet euen vnto the Pole so farre as hath beene discouered the Sea with open mouth proclaimeth defiance and enioyeth his Elementary freedome The Euxine Sea which is diuided from the Caspian by an hundred leagues of land hath this reason of the freezing ascribed by
Congo that they build their Houses with Lime and Stone and for their fashions and qualities may be compared with the Portugals This seemeth to be in Goiame where the Abassine entitleth himselfe King and in his title as before you haue read cals it the Fountayne of Nilus which Aluares also mentioneth that Peter Conilian saw He affirmeth That there are Iewes about those parts which perhaps are the people that the Anzichi speake of From this second Lake in Goiame the Riuer which is there called Gihon passeth through the Pretes Dominion to Meroe and so to Egypt as elsewhere is shewed In these two great Lakes are diuers Ilands that we speake not of the Tritons and other I know not what Monsters there reported to be found The Lake Zembre yeeldeth not Nilus alone but Zaire a farre more spacious Riuer in widenesse and more violent in force then Nilus or any other Riuer in Africa Europe or Asia of which wee lately related And besides her Northerne and Westerne Tributes carried by those two Riuers to the Mediterranean and Ocean Seas shee sendeth her great streames of Magnice Coaua and Cuama into the inner or Easterne Ocean Magnice springing out of Zembre receiueth in his Voyage to the Sea three other Riuers Nagoa called Saint Christophers and Margues which both spring out of the Mountaynes of the Moone by the people there called Toroa the third is Arroe which besides his waters payeth to Neptune which neyther needs nor heeds it a great quantity of Gold which it washeth from the Mountaynes of Monomotapa a Countrey extending it selfe betweene Magnice and Cuama whose seuen mouthes seeke to swallow vp many Ilands which they hold in their jawes but through greedinesse lose that which greedinesse makes them seeke not able to swallow so great morsels which therefore remayne and are inhabited with Pagans Boterus sayth That this Riuer runs out of that Lake a great space in one Channell and then is diuided into two the one called Spirito Sancto running into the Sea vnder the Cape Couenti the other Cuama receiueth the Riuers Panami Luangua Arruia Mangiono Inadire Ruina and is sayled more then seuen hundred miles Coaua is also a great Riuer The Inhabitants within Land about these Riuers are as you haue heard Pagans and rude people Let me now haue leaue to conuey my selfe downe this Riuer Coaua into the Ocean and there take view of the many Ilands with which Nature hath adorned this African World as with many Brooches and Iewels set and hanged about the fringes of her garments and first learning what we can of the Ilands in and from the Red Sea hither we will in some Portugall Carricke sayle round about the African Coast and acquaint you with what we shall find worthiest obseruation and then not willing as yet to set foot in Lisbone as we meete with the Fleet of Spaine sayling to the New-found World will passe with them for further Discoueries For to goe into the Mediterranean to discouer the African Ilands there will scarce be worth the while To heare a little of those few may content vs Thus Authors haue written of the Riuers which they nâ—uer saw but Iohn des Santos a Portugall Frier which liued many yeeres in those parts hath giuen a fuller description of the Riuers and Coasts in those Easterne shores of Afrike By whose narration it appeareth that Cuama and Nilus come not out of one and the same Lake for Cuama ouerfloweth in March and Apill not as Nilus in Iuly and August and makes the Countrey at that time sickly and driueth the wild beasts to the higher parts where Lions Tygres Elephants Merus a kind of horned Asses Ounces Rhinocerotes Buffals wilde Kine and Swine and Horses and Dogs Zeuras other creatures of those parts are assembled in a peaceable Parliament by the Riuers forceable summons which so aweth them that as somtime in Noahs Arke they forget their preying nature and quietly expect their dismission with that of the waters Riuer horses there abound and Crocodiles other strange Beasts Birds Fishes and Wormes they haue with Manna and other naturall rarities touching which I referre the Reader to the second part of my Pilgrimes where the Relations of Santos and Iobson will entertayne him frankly Santos also will there acquaint you with the description of the Riuers Countrey Mynes and people of those parts their Kingdomes Warres Customes Politike Oeconomike and Religious the Portugall Forts of Sofala Sena Tete and the Marts of Massapa Luanze Manzono the strange Rites of the Kings of Monomotapa Quiteue Sedanda and their Neighbours The Quiteue is King of Sofala and on that side of Cuama hath about 100. women amongst which his Ants Sisters Daughters whom he carnally vseth which incest to a subiect were death when he dyeth the Successor is he to whom those women giue peaceable and quiet possession of the Kings House and themselues No force is made nor subiection yeelded vpon forced possession The King thus by them receiued is not only admitted of the rest but adored yea they aske of him raine seasonable Haruest and all things they need not without great Presents He hath his Oracle-consultations with the Deuill and euery yeere on the Obit day of the former King the Deuill then entring into some one of the Assembly and giuing answers Euery New Moone is a holy day and the Musimos or Feast dayes which the Quiteue appoints by Proclamation which they obserue without working They otherwise worship no God nor haue any Idoll Image or Temple Priest or Sacrifice They call the Quiteue by prodigious titles Lord of the Sunne and Moone and especially entitle him in all things Great as great Thiefe great Witch none else are permitted to bee Witches great Lion c. good or bad so as Great be the Epithet The name Quiteue is common to all their Kings successiuely in that Countrey and to the Countrey it selfe Their Oathes by Poyson licking of hote Iron c. and other strange customes you shall find in the place aforesaid CHAP. XI Of the Seas and Ilands about Africa the Ancient and Moderne Obseruations Nauigations and Discoueries §. I. Of the Red Sea and why it is so called AFter this long and tedious journey ouer Land where the steepe and snowie Mountaynes the myrie and vnwholesome Vallies the vnpassable Wildernesses swift Riuers still Lakes thicke Woods and varietie of the Continent-obseruations haue thus long whiled vs let vs now by a swifter course take view of the African Seas and those Ilands which they hold alway besieged but neuer conquer In the first place presents it selfe to our Discouery that Sea which separateth after the Moderne reckoning Africa and Asia asunder This is called the Red Sea which name sayth Plinie the Graecians call Erythraeum this word signifieth Red and is ascribed by some to a King named Erythras whom Postellus and some others thinke to be Esau or Edom which the like signification of his name
an Iland fourteene leagues from Zacotora from whence it is fifteen leagues to Cape Guardafu At Tamarind they had no raine in two yeers together Two small Iles lie to the North of Socotera called the two Sisters the Inhabitants of an oliue colour without Law among themselues or commerce with others There are also those two Iles the one of men the other of women which wee mentioned in our fift booke a matter how true I know not but very strange They are Christians subiect to the Bishop of Socotera and he to the Zatoia in Baldach Many other Ilands there bee of no great name in that Sea called Sinus Barbaricus as of Don Garcia the three and the seuen brethren of Saint Brandon Saint Francis Mascarenna Do Natal Comoro and many other besides those of Quiloa Mosambique and some other for their vicinitie to the Land before handled The I le of Saint Laurence so called by the Portugals by themselues Madagascar is meetest in all those parts to entertayne the Readers obseruation as being one of the greatest Ilands of the world It contayneth in breadth foure hundred and fourescore miles in length a thousand and two hundred M. Polo saith the Inhabitants were Saracens and were gouerned vnder foure Lords eate Camels flesh vse merchandize or artes Thus farre did the Great Can stretch his Tartarian Dominion and sent hither to spie the Land That which Polo saith he heard of a bird in this Iland called Ruch so bigge as it could take vp an Elephant hath no likelihood of truth He calls it Magascar It is situate from seuenteene to six and twentie ½ of Southerly latitude Onely vpon the coast they are Mahumetans within Land Idolaters black and like the Cafres the soile yeeldeth Cloues Ginger and Siluer It deserueth to haue better Inhabitants if Linschoten iudge rightly hauing many faire and fresh Riuers safe Harbours plentie of fruits and cattell therein are foure gouernments each fighting against other They vse not themselues to trade with others nor suffer others to traffique with them The Portugals haue some trade with them but goe not on land In the first discouerie of them by the Portugals 1506. they shewed themselues in hospitall and trecherous rewarding receiued kindnesse in their Canoas or Boats made of the body of a tree with shot There are said to bee some white people supposed to be of Chinian off-spring Of the people of Madagascar the Hollanders report that they are of colour blacke strong and well made they couer their priuities with cotton they haue large holes in their eares in which they weare round sticks They acknowledge one Creator and obserue Circumcision but know nothing of praying or keeping festiuals They haue no proper names whereby to distinguish one day from another neither doe they number weekes moneths or yeeres Nor doe they number aboue ten They are exceedingly afraid of the deuill whom they call Tiuuaddes because he vseth often to afflict them They liue most-what on fishing They marrie but one wife their time of marriage is for the men at twelue the women at ten yeeres of age Adulterie and Theft are punished with death The men vse to hunt abroad the women spin their Cottons at home whereof they haue trees yeelding plentie If any man kill any of his Kine all his neighbours may challenge part Cornelius Houtman saith they are sweet-spoken men They haue a kinde of Beanes or Lobos growing on trees the cod whereof is two foot long They haue a kind of seed whereof a little makes foolish a greater quantitie kils herewith they betrayed and killed threescore and eight Hollanders with their Captaine The English haue had some knowledge of this Iland to their cost as those of the Vnion before mentioned But not trusting them too farre they here finde good refreshing Captaine Downton arriued there in the Bay of Saint Augustine Aug. 10. 1614. and bought of them diuers Beeues at a reasonable rate The people are tall and swart their haire smooth and finely plaited their weapons are darts neatly headed with Iron Their cattell fairer then any I haue seene hauing on their fore-shoulders a lumpe of fat like the pomell of a saddle Here were Tamarin trees with greene fruit vpon them the pulpe whereof boyled cured our men of the Scorbute They haue store of cotton whereof they make striped cloth of diuers colours Another then in companie reports them to bee a strong actiue people not fearefull of gunnes or other weapons ciuill honest and vnderstanding their weapons small Lances Bowes Arrowes and Darts their Kine sold at three foure or fiue shillings a peece as sweet and fat as ours That bunch on the shoulder is very sweet in taste And as one reporteth he had seene the skin that compassed one of them contayned six or eight gallons Here are many Crocodiles The Vnion comming to Gungomar in the North-west corner of Madagascar was assaulted by a Nauie of an hundred Canoes by water arranged in order of a halfe moone the King trecherously assaulting them out of the woods and tooke Captaine Michelborne with other Merchants In Saint Marie an Iland by Madagascar they met with the King which was obserued of his subiects with great reuerence Here they buried one of their dead men the Ilanders being present who signified by signes that his soule was gone to heauen and would haue had them to cut off his legs by the knees The I le of Cerne they called Maurice Iland They found excellent Ebon trees there the wood whereof is as black as pitch and as smooth as Iuorie inclosed with a thick barke They found of the same kinde some red some yellow There were Palme-trees like the Cocos They found store of birds whereof they might take some in their nests with their hands There were no people inhabiting In the I le of Bata our men killed a Bat as great as a Hare in shape like a Squirrill with two flaps of skin which hee spred forth when he leaped from tree to tree which they can doe nimbly often holding only by their tailes The Hollanders in the Bay of Anton Gil Southwards from Madagascar in sixteene degrees saw the King blacke or hue wearing two hornes on his head and many chaines or bracelets of Brasse on his armes This place is fertile the people valiant In the channell betweene the firme land and Madagascar are many Ilands great and small all inhabited by Mahumetans the chiefe of which is S. Christopher more Northwards against Mombaza and Melinde are three Ilands Momsid Zanzibar and Pemba inhabited with Mahumetans of white colour In the time of M. Polo Zenzibar was Heathenish The inhabitants he saith very grosse and deformed and likewise the women Neere the Cape of Good Hope are the Isles of Don Aluares and Tristan d' Acunuha but of no great note The deepenesse of these Seas make them vncapable of many Islands CHAP. XII Of
at mans estate they cut bigger with a Cane and weare therein a greene stone otherwise they esteeme a man no Gallant but a Pesant They haue no Religion vse Polygamie but the women are tied to one husband except hee giue her publike leaue When they goe to warre the wiues carrie all the prouision That wife whom hee giueth his hunted prey is his bed-fellow that night and she goeth to the water and washeth her selfe after which she lyeth downe in the net and commandeth all the rest to attend on her for that day When they are in trauell they goe to the doore and being deliuered the father lyeth downe and is visited as before is said No Indian will kill any female creature whiles his wife is with childe thinking that would be the death of his childe They trauell with great store of Tobacco and haue continually a leafe thereof along the mouth betweene the lip and teeth the rheume running out at the lip-hole They war against the Portugals and all others eating all and take so many new names as prisoners They thinke mans flesh makes them valiant Their houses are two hundred yards long without partition they hang their nets on beames wash euery morning both men women and children they part their grounds They haue Serpents amongst them with bodies like trees which strike two fins out of their fore-quarters that kill whatsoeuer they call them d Iaboya They haue foure legs and a taile like an Aligator or Crocodile which they hide when they lye in the woods for their prey They haue Monkies as big as a water-dog faced like a man with long broad beards which goe twentie together on a tree and one of them will alway walke vp and downe with his hand on his beard making a great noyse the rest harkening still an houres space The Maraquites are betweene Fernambuc and Baya other Indians call them Tapoyes that is wilde men which name all but these and the Vaanasses which are like them account a disgrace The men are of good stature the women very proper and fight with their bowes as well as the men They haue no dwelling Religion nor friendship with any Nation yet he left them in peace with the Portugals They haue holes in their lips but carue not their bodies vse Polygamie are swift neuer come into the field to fight but keepe in the Mountaines they eate mans flesh without ceremonies The Topimambazes inhabite from R. de S. Franc. to Baya de todos Sanctos they are and speake like the Petowares but the women are of better complexion The men let their beards grow long From Baya to Eleoos are the Waymoores men of great stature and swift as a Horse fiue or sixe of them will set on a Sugar-house with an hundred therein I haue seene one saith our Author take a man aliue and defend himselfe with this his prisoner as it were with a Target They haue long haire are without Townes or Houses and care not where they come presuming of their swiftnesse They are greedie Man-eaters and are alwaies foule with durt and dust by lying on the ground and ashes Iarric writes that they are without Gouernours euery one doing what seemes good in his owne eyes only he is accounted most Noble that hath slaine most enemies with whom for any of them to speake is punished with death They roue vp and downe in vncertaine dwellings and therefore cannot by warre be conquered This wandring is common to many of these Brasilian Saluages The Tomomymenos dwell at Spirito Sancto haue settled Townes with great stones set about like pales of a good height and within walls of clay and stone they make the sides of their houses with loope-holss to shoot out at They deck their bodies with feathers and paint themselues blacke and red One of these tooke the Portugall Captaine Martin de Sa and in spite of all his company carried him a stones cast and threw him into a Riuer but hee was rescued by Petummyen another Sauage The Portugals tooke sixteene thousand slew the tenth parf and parted the rest destroying the Country downe the Riuer Paraeyua The Waytaquazes dwell on the North and South sides of Cape Frio They are of greater stature then the Waymoores we took thirteene of them and whiles we searched for more they burnt their cords from their hands and fled Their women warre with bowes and arrowes They lye on the ground like Hogs with a fire in the midst hold no peace with any but eate all they can get Heere the mountaines were full of Crablice which sticked so fast on their skins that they were faine to take dry straw to singe themselues Abausanga-retam was Captaine of a kinde of Tamoyes an hundred and twenty yeeres old which being taken ranne amongst the enemies where being shot in one and twenty places he fell then desired Baptisme after which within foure houres he died his haughtie courage could not brooke captiuitie The Wayanasses keepe at Ila Grande they are low great bellied cowards not carued glory not to eate mans flesh the Women vgly with bigge bodies and are well faced painted red with Vrucu which growes in a cod like a Beane the crownes of both Sexes are shauen like Friers the rest of their haire long The Topinaques haue their dwelling at Saint Vincents are of good stature and complexion the women painted with diuers colours eate mans flesh adore nothing onely when they kill a man paint themselues with a fruit called Ianipano and with feathers on their heads great stones in their lips Rattles in their hands dance three dayes together drinking a filthy liquor whereto they said Tobacco made them fresh Among them is great store of Gold in many hils by the Sea The Pories dwell an hundred miles within Land are low like the Wayanasses liue on Pine-nuts and small Cocos as big as Apples with shels like Wall-nuts but harder they call them Eyrires they warre with none eate not mans flesh if they haue other meat lye in nets of barke haue no houses but two or three boughs tyed together couered with Palme-leaues for a knife or combe they will giue fiue or sixe gallons of Balsame-oyle The Molopaques inhabite heere the Riuer Paradiua are like Dutchmen in bignesse faire of complexion bearded ciuill couer their priuities their Towns circled with wals of earth and great logges haue a King called Moriuishann which had thirteene wiues They haue store of Gold which they esteeme not nor vse it but to tye on their fishing lines this is in the Riuer Para fourescore leagues beyond Paraeyua They take none but what the rayne washeth from the Mountaines which are of blacke earth without Trees The Women are goodly and faire like English women modest neuer seene to laugh and of good capacitie They tye their haire about their middle with barke and couer therewith their nakednesse their haire also is of diuers colours and
against those Colds the one as is said alwayes in manner naked the other alwayes clothed out-brauing the Winters violence in their Summer-like Greene Liuery seeming to stoope vnder the burthen of continuall Frosts and Snowes and in a naturall wisdome clothe themselues and hold their leaues the surer Those Giantly men about Port Desire when they die are brought to the Cliffes and there buried with their Bowes Arrowes Darts and all their almost no substance Master Kniuet writeth that he saw footings at Port Desire as bigge as foure of ours and two men newly buried one of which was fourteene spans long He also saw one in Brasil taken by Alonso Dias a Spaniard being by foule weather driuen out of Saint Iulians which was a yong man and yet aboue thirteene spans high They goe naked and are faire and well proportioned At Port Famine in the Straits He saith they saw some dwarfish Sauages not aboue fiue or six spans high which were thicke and strong with wide-mouthes almost to the eares they eate their meat a little scorched besmearing their faces and brests with the bloud running out of their mouthes they lay young feathers to this bloud which glues them to their bodies Foure or fiue thousand traded with them at the Poles end The cold is so extreme that Henry Barwell became bald therewith so continuing a yeere or two One Harris a Goldsmith blowing his frozen nose cast it with his fingers into the fire and our Author himselfe going on shore and returning wet on his feet the next morning pulled off his toes together with his stockins from his benummed feete which were as blacke as foote without feeling and were after cured with words or charmes Euery day some died of cold They saw there a kind of beast bigger then a Horse with eares aboue a span long and a taile like a Cow called Tapetyweson he saw the like in Manicongo The Sauages about the Straits feed as both the same Author and the Hollanders report on raw flesh and other filthy food and are Man-eaters §. III. Of the Magellan Straits IT is no small credit to our Nation and Nauigation that these Straits haue more enlarged themselues and giuen oftner and freer passage to vs then to any other Drake swamme thorow Winter both passed and returned and so did Carder in the Pinnasse as before is said Candish passed but returned as Drake had done about the World in his circuit The Delight of Bristoll entred them and with small delight spent sixe weekes in them and Captaine Dauies companion of Master Candish in his last Voyage three times entred the South Sea which three times forced him backe into the embracing armes of the vntrustie Straits Some others haue attempted but not attained them as Fenton and Ward and the Voyage set forth in the yeere of our Lord 1586. by the Earle of Cumberland The Land on Larbord side saith Sir Richard Hawkins is without doubt Ilands low sandy broken on Starbord is very mountaynous the lower Mountaynes whereof although they be for their height wonderfull yet as we haue said of the differing statures of the men they haue more Giantly ouer-lookers with Snowie lockes and Cloudy lookes betweene them may be numbred three Regions of Clouds These Straits are fourescore and ten leagues thorow of vnequall breadth in the narrowest place a league ouer The mouth is in two and fifty degrees and an halfe or as Sir Richard Hawkins obserued in 52. degrees 50. minutes His company killed a thousand Penguins a day this is a Fowle like a Goose hauing no feathers on their bodies but downe it cannot flye but will runne as fast as most men feeds on fish and grasse and harbours in Berries Seales are many in these parts which will fall dead with a blow on the snout some affirme the same of the Crocodile otherwise not easily pierced with a Sword or fearing a Musket-shot He saith they are like Lions that they sleepe on Land and haue euer one to watch which is also reported of the Morse Hee addeth of the Canoes of the Sauages there that they are made artificially of the rindes of Trees sowed together with the finnes of Whales sharpe at both ends and turning vp When these Straits were first discouered they named them the Strait of Victorie because the ship called the Victorie first descried them a name fitly ascribed both to the Straits and Ship the one first obtayning the Marine victory encompassing the compasse of the earth the other still remayning the onely knowne passage whereby that Sea-victory can bee atchieued But the name soone passed from the Ship to the Generall of whom still it is called the Strait of Magaglianes or Magellan The Voyage of Sir Francis Drake so vexed the Spaniard that hee sent Pedro Sarmiento to inhabit there that he might prohibit other Nations to passe that way but Tempest and Famine hating the Spanish insolence whose ambitious designes alway aimed at a Plus vltra brought them to a Plus vltra indeed further then euer they had designed diuers of the ships which at first were three and twentie with three thousand and fiue hundred men perishing in the deuouring iawes of the Ocean and others in their selfe deuouring mawes of Hunger which eate them vp with not eating The Name of Iesus and Philips Citie were their two newly erected Colonies peopled with foure hundred men and thirty women which by famine were brought to three and twenty persons when Master Candish tooke Hernando one of that company in his prosperous Voyage another who had maintained himselfe by his Peece and liued in a house alone a long time was taken by the Delight of Bâ—iâ—toll two yeeres after The English gaue a name fitting to this distressed Citie calling it Port Pamine The last Voyage of Master Candish proued vnfortunate both in the losse of himselfe and many men the blacke Pinnasse was lost in the South Sea the Desire returned but lost diuers of her men surprised as was thought and deuoured by the Sauages neere to Port Desire The Sauages heere presented themselues throwing dust in the Aire leaping c. and either had Vizards on their faces like Dogges faces or else their faces were Dogges faces indeed I haue seene a Copie of a Discourse written by Master Candish himselfe to Sir Tristram-Gorges whom he made sole Executor of his last Will where he thus affirmeth The running away of the Villaine Dauis was the death of me and decay of the whole action and his onely trecherie in running from me the vtter ruine of all Hee complaines also of mutinies and that by South-west and West South-west winds he was driuen from shore foure hundred leagues and from fifty to forty degrees that he was taken with Winter and stormes in the Straits and such Frosts and Snowes in May as he neuer saw the like so that in seuen or eight dayes forty dyed and seuenty sickened Dauies in the Desire and
nothing to say to him from that Renowmed Queene of England the Myrrour of all the Queenes that euer reigned yet he did so much honour and admire her excellent vertues and graces that he would also hold me in the reputation of her Maiesties Ambassadour and that it was in his Supreame power and pleasure to allow or not allow of the King his Letters Patents for my passage thorow that great Principalitie his Inheritance and differing from the Crowne of Poland That his Subiects might thinke I negotiated with him he tooke me with him to his Church heard Diuiue Seruice Psalmes fling and a Sermon the Sacrament also was administred as in the Reformed Churches whereat his Brother Cardinall Ragauill did murmure His Highnesse inuited me to Dinner honoured with fifty Halbardiers thorow the Citie Gunners placed and fiue hundred Gentlemen his Guard to bring me to his Palace where himselfe accompanied with many young Noblemen receiued me vpon the Terras and then brought me into a very large Roome where were Organs with singing A long Table was set with Lords and Ladies Himselfe vnder a Cloth of State and I was placed before him in the middest of the Table With sound of Trumpets and Kettle Drummes the first Seruice was brought in and after Prayer sayd by his Almoner Iesters and Poets dicoursed merrily Instruments of lowd and other of lower Musicke were added twenty Dwarfes men and women attired curiously made sweet harmony with mournfull Pipes and Songs vsing also Dauids Tymbrels and Aarons Bels as they called them and danced deuidng themselues man and woman hand in hand His Highnesse dranke for the Maiestie of the Angelicall Queene of England her health illustrating her greatnesse and graces with many good words The Princes Ladies euery one with their glasses of sweet Wine pledged I did the like for his Highnesse health Then were serued in strange portraytures of Lions Vnicornes Spread Eagles Swannes c. made artificially of Sugar past gilded with Spickets in their bellies filled some with Sacke others with Rhenish or Hungarian Wines euery one thence to fill his Glasse others also had Suckets to be taken out of their bellies with their Siluer Forkes It were tedious to relate all the particulars After sixe houres spent in this Feast I was conducted to my lodging in manner as I had beene brought and afterwards had my Letters Parens and a Gentleman to conduct mee thorow his Countrey I passed by Smoleuske to Musco 1200. miles from Vilna My entertaynment at Vilna and negotiating with the King of Poland now made me suspected to the Russian Nobility The Bishop of Susdales House was appointed for my lodging where I was guarded and attended by meane Gentlemen the pretence was lest I should haue conference with the Polish Embassadour The Protector was not present when I had audience of the Emperour and after priuately sent for me professed himselfe sorry he could not bee so fauourable as in former times to me but promised that a haire of my head should not fall to the ground c. I perceiued many of my good Friends were gone and made away had warning of many Articles framed against me which against their wils being divulged I answered so as I gained reputation thereby Yet the water which was daily brought mee from the Riuer was poysoned as also my drinke Herbs and Muske Melons sent to my House my Landresse was hired likewise to poyson me which she confessed with the circumstances I had a Seruant a Lords Sonne of Danzike which brake out with Blaynes and escaped narrowly my Cooke and Butler both dyed of poyson I writ to the Lord Protector hereof but receiued no answere I must remoue to Yeraslaue till the Polish Embassadour was gone and the third night after I came to this Towne I commended my Soule to God expecting death One tapped at my gate at midnight and I with my Seruants well appointed came to enquire the cause Alphonasie Nagoy Brother to the Emperour Mother of Demetrius which were placed at Onglets fiue and twenty miles off cryed out and sayd O sweet Yereme the Charowich Demetrius is dead his throate was cut about the sixt houre by the Deaks Sonne one of his Pages confessed vpon the Racke by Boris his setting on and the Empresse poysoned and vpon point of death her haire nayles and skinne fall off helpe helpe with some good thing for the passion of God This out cry did not a little astonish me till I saw his face ouer the wall I durst not open my gates sayd I had nothing worth the sending yet gaue a little Viall of Balsam which Queene Elizabeth had giuen me as an Antidote against Poysons giuen her by Sir F. Dr. with a boxe of Venice Treacle Some three dayes before the Suburbs of Musco were set on fire and 12000. houses burned Boris his guard had the spoyle It was giuen out that Demetrius his Mother her Brother and that Family of the Nagoies had practised to kill the Emperour and Protector and to burne the whole Citie of Musco Fiue desperate Souldiers were suborned to indure the Racke and confessed there that they were the men which should doe this exploit This was published to make the name of Demetrius hatefull to the people with that whole Family The Bishop of Orutesca was sent accompanied with fiue hundred Gunnes and diuers Nobles and Gentlemen to see Demetrius buried vnder the high Altar of Saint Iohns in Ouglets in Ouglets Castle Little did Boris thinke that his Ghost should after root out him and his Family The sicke poysoned Empresse was presently shorne a Nunne all her Allies her Brother Vncles Friends and Officers dispersed in displeasure to diuers secret Dens not to haue communitie with men or see the light I was hasted away also I had Letters from Boris he could not doe as he would but time would worke me more grace as amply as euer If I wanted money or prouision hee would impart of his owne Some secrets he had committed to mee which now made a dangerous impression in his memory I arriued in England deliuered my Letters to the Queene which I found much more fauourable then I expected the Company of Merchants payd me 1845. pounds in ready money for my goods in their hands a generall release past on both sides c. I furnished Master Hakluyt and Doctor Fletcher with Intelligences c. Thus the Race of Iuan Vasiliwich which had continued aboue 300. yeeres was raced out and extinguished in bloud the Emperour soone following as I receiued by Letters from thence from my worthy friends and haue since had conference with two Embassadours and a Fryer of good intelligence Boris had made away most of the chiefe and ancient Nobility and now remooued the Emperour Theodor placed his Sister the Empresse in a Monastery causeth the Patriarches Metropolites Bishops and new sprung Nobility his Officers Merchants and other his owne creatures to petition him to take the Crowne
Boare amongst them And heere I take leaue to repose hauing made this light discouery of the Countryes coasting this Bay of Bengali which I could not more exactly performe hauing taken my station in Musulipatnam Such as it is I submit it equally to all mens surueigh or censure and rest Pleased whosoeuer be otherwise Worthy Sir AS I haue begun and proceeded herein by your Instigation I present it to your acceptation if any thing be worth your account I dare iustifie the truth of it if nothing I shall neuer grieue at the suppression In briefe I wrote it for you and dedicate it to you and am only sorry it comes vnseasonably My Voyage into India remarkable in a Carracks losse and Captaine Iosephs death my Employment at Surat Cambaia and Amadera from thence at Callecut vpon the Coast of Malabarre at Priaman and Tecoo vpon Sumatra and then to Bantam and Iacatra vpon Iaua would afford more matter of discourse but I haue chosen Musulipatnam from which Centre I haue drawne these rude lines yet strait ones and parallel to the truth so that although none shall please to sayle by my Compasse yet am I sufficiently contented in hauing kept within compasse and so I rest a true louer of you and your elabourate Volumes W. Methwold FINIS THE SARACENICAL HISTORIE CONTAYNING THE ACTS OF THE MVSLIMS FROM MVHAMMED TO THE REIGNE OF ATABACEVS IN THE SVCCESSION OF NINE AND FORTIE EMPEROVRS Written in Arabike by GEORGE ELMACIN Sonne of ABVLIASER ELAMID the Sonne of ABVLMACAREM the Sonne of ABVLTIB AND Translated into Latine by Thomas Erpenius by his heires dedicated to the High and Mightie Prince FREDERIKE King of Bohemia Count Palatine of Rhene c. Out of whose Librarie at Heidelberge the Arabike Copy was borrowed Englished abridged and continued to the end of the Chalifa's by Samuel Purchas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 MOLLIA CVM DVRIS LONDON Printed by William Stansby for Henry Fetherstone and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Church-yard at the signe of the Rose 1626. To the Reader THat which the Angell had foretold of Ishmael hee will bee a wild man his hand will be against euery man and euery mans hand against him and that his seed should not be numbred for multitude is in this History manifested to haue beene fulfilled to the vtmost Yea that which Saint Paul saith that Godlinesse hath the promises of this life and of that which is to come we see fulfilled in Abraham the Father of many Nations and in his two Sonnes Ishmael made a great Nation neuer did any Empire extend so farre But my Couenant will I establish with Isaac and in Isaac shall thy seed bee called Ishmael hath the greatest earthly Empire yet is in spirituall bondage withall Agars Children but Ierusalem which is aboue is free the mother of vs all which are the seed of the faith of Abraham which is the Father of vs all which as Isaac was are the Children of Promise But as then hee that was borne after the flesh persecuted him that was borne after the spirit euen so it is now in this Historie from the beginning of the Muslim Empire declared The bond woman and her sonne shall one day be cast out of the house for the Seruant abideth not in the house for euer but the Sonne abideth euer If the Sonne therefore shall make you free yee shall be free indeed The Earth is a small thing for God to giue he giueth it to Ishmaels seed his owne haue Himselfe their portion in the Sonne to redeeme them in the Spirit to sanctifie them in the Father to prouide for them the best things here and Heauen it selfe with God himselfe in Trinity and Vnity to be their portion for euer Enuy not their lot to those but pitty and pray for them that God may open their eyes which how they are misled with shewes of deuotion dazeled with lightnings of armes and blinded with night and Hell this History sheweth from Muhammed their first Seducer to the end of their Asian Chalifas Our Stories I confesse are full of Mahomet and Saracens but empty for the most part of things therein most remarkable whiles partly want of Arabike Books and Letters hath hindred vs from meanes of knowledge without that Key none can enter this Muhammedan Magazine and partly rash Zeale hath transported both Greeke and Latine Authours to say anything of these Locusts Mahomet and his Adherents without iudgement sometimes and very often without truth whereby we haue had passionate Inuectiues and crude Collections insteed of the Muhammedan or Islam History God needeth not mens lies nor piae fraudes to support his Truth and the way to ouercome euill is not with euill but with goodnesse The iustice of God scourging the world with the Saracenical Sword for their vniust contempt of the Gospel of Peace is seene in this Dragon-tooth seed of Muhammedans the Alphabet of whose Religion is written in bloudy Letters of forced faith The hypocrisie of Muhammed their Founder and other Propheticall Pretenders ambitious of Souereigntie with their vices are best gathered out of their owne Authors which though they stile their memory happy or glorious yet in relating their Arts and Acts doe sufficiently declare their impiety and impurity before God and Man Shewes of Religion in bodily exercises meere carkasses only Almes frequent Prayers if gestures and words be Prayers and Prayes were not the scope of their Prayers their externall iustice in many things their Learning in Philosophie Mathematicks and Poetry the length of an Empire in such space of time and place this inclusiuely from the East Indies to the Westerne Ocean without any interruption taking in also Spaine and part of France and Italy with Sicill and the Easterne Empire tributary that from Muhammeds time to the end of this Story yea still in the Mogoll Persian and Turke with the Tartars and many Princes of lesse note continuing in a larger extent the beginning growth height declining and fall of that Empire the aduancement hereof with the Sword which exposeth to slaughter or imposeth Tribute their diuisions into two Empires the Abasian Family ruling ouer Asia and Africa the Ommian in Europe and after into a third which held Africa and in time also possessed Egypt the rising of Lay Princes and degeneration of Chalifas to a kind of meere Ecclesiastickes and their fall by diuision of this triformed Cerberus into a multiforme Dragon in manifold States and Kingdomes These in a succinct narration by one which descended of Christian Progenitors was versed in Christian Stories aswell as his last professed Islamisme with more likelihood of truth and fulnesse of satisfaction to the Inquisitiue Reader then any then all yet published if I be able to iudge by any by all Latines or other Westerne Writers Erpennius hath her giuen and I abridged out of him conferred also and illustrated with Mirkond a Persian and Muhammedan his History set forth in Spanish
betweene vs and you whereupon the men of Irac threatned to kill Ali if hee would not listen to the Syrians according to the iudgement of Gods Booke and so Muaui escaped At last both sides agreed to chuse an arbitrator which should arbitrate according to that Booke which were chosen Amrus and Abumusa and both parties bound to stand to their agreement They agreed to depose both Ali and Muaui and chuse Abdalla Sonne of Omar Ali was deposed accordingly but when Amrus should haue done the like to Muaui he refused Abdalla Son of Wahab had also forsaken Ali whom he slue in fight with all the Chawarigians his followers The broyles continued betwixt Ali and Muaui in Egypt and Irac till the fortieth yeere Then Basijr was sent to Medina by Muaui and entred it the Inhabitants acknowledged Muaui Thence he went to Mecca then to Aliaman and slue two of Ali his Sonnes with many others which followed the part of Ali after which he returned to Mecca and slue at Taijf Iamam and Medina thirty thousand At last Peace was concluded betwixt them that laying aside armes Ali should enioy Irac and Muaui Syria That yeere three Chawarisians agreed to kill in diuers places on one day Ali Muaui and Amrus also Hagiag wounded Muaui with a poysoned Sword but he was slaine and Muaui escaped Amrus another of them mistooke and killed Charigia the Lieutenant of Amrus Sonne of Alas in steed of him and was therefore taken and executed Abdurrahman the third wounded Ali on the forehead as he went to morning Prayer on a Friday the seuenteenth of Ramadan whereof he dyed three dayes after and was buried in Tahaf where now is the place of his buriall Some say he was buried at Cufa and some say the place is vnknowne Ali commanded to feed his smiter for hee was taken and vse him well and if he recouered to spare him if hee dyed to ioyne him with him that he might accuse him before God He reigned fiue yeeres three moneths lesse aged sixty three He was browne short great-bellied long-bearded and bald neglected things of the World feared God much much in Almes iust and lowly witty defender of the true Religion learned in speculatiue and practicke Sciences bold liberall The inscription of his Seale was Only to the strong God dominion Hasen Sonne of Ali was made Chalifa at Cufa on the day of his Fathers death But the men of Irac quarrelling with him he sent to Muaui conditions and agreed with him he abode at Medina and yeelded Cufa to Muaui hauing enioyed the Chalifate six moneths and fiue dayes His Seale was inscribed There is no God but God the true and manifest King Muaui Sonne of Abusofian Sonne of Haleb Sonne of Ommia Sonne of Abdusiams Sonne of Abdumenaf Sonne of Cuda was the seuenth Emperour Hee was created Chalifa at Cufa when Hasen resigned Anno 46. Muaui Sonne of Amir and Basier Sonne of Artah inuaded the West and tooke many Cities Caraua Caphsa c. till they came to Kairawan which Muaui Sonne of Chodbag had taken before they came and there builded a Citie and encompassed with a wall the City now called Kairawan An. 49. Hasen dyed poysoned by his wife as was said by the command of Muaui He had gone fiue and twenty Pilgrimages on foot and twise had forsaken all his wealth and thrice made partition with God euen to his shooes and sockes reseruing one halfe to himselfe An. 50. Muaui procured that the Oath of Fealty should be made to his Sonne Iezid as to his partner of the Couenant which was done by all but Husein Sonne of Ali Abdurrahman Sonne of Abubecr Abdalla Sonne of Omar and Abdalla Sonne of Zubeir An. 52. Iezid inuaded the Romans as farre as Constantinople An. 58. Aijsia of happy memory died on the seuenth day of Ramadan An. 60. Muaui dyed at Damascus and his Sonne Iezid prayed for him he enioyed the place nineteene yeeres and ninetie foure dayes Obeid Sonne of Sarib liued in his time a man three hundred yeeres old Iezid was created Chalifa the same day He writ to Walid Gouernour of Medina to apprehend Husein Sonne of Ali and Abdalla which fled to Mecca and abode there refusing the Oath to Iezid The Cufans sent to Husein and promised to sweare to him Husein going thither with fifty horse and a hundred foot was set on by the band of Obeidalla sent thither by Iezid He on the Friday set before him the Mushaf and admonished them But they rushed on him and slue him and all his company and carried away their wiues and children Iezid commanded his head to be set vp at Damascus on the gate The same yeere Abdalla Sonne of Zubeir vsurped the Empire at Mecca whiles Iezid followed his wine and dogges contemning Religion Iezid set ouer Chorasan Selim which tooke Naishbur and Chouarasma and Bochara then ruled by Chatumis a woman who promised the King of Saida marriage if he would assist her against the Muslims who thereupon came with 120000. but was slaine in battell and enriched the Muslims with spoyles They went to Samarcand the King whereof bought his Peace with much money A. 63. the men of Medina deposed Iezid who sent against them Muslim who spared them three dayes and then entred and spoyled them three dayes shedding their bloud and carrying away their goods Yet the Prophet of glorious memory said He which spoyleth my City my wrath remayneth on him A. 64. Muslim went to Mecca against Abdalla and dyed in the way Hasin succeeded in his place layd siege to it beate the house with Engines of battery and burned it This siege continued till newes came of Iezids death His Sonne Muaui prayed for him or in his steed hee reigned three yeeres nine moneths Anno mundi 6175. Muaui Sonne of Iezid the third Emperour of the house of Ommia was created Chalifa the same day and reigned forty fiue dayes and then dyed His Seale was inscribed The World is deceit Abdalla Sonne of Zubeir was inaugurated at Mecca when there had beene no Chalif two moneths The Iracans Egyptians and some Syrians sware to him Merwan of the house of Ommia raised a party at Damascus and preuayled in battell against Dahac which stood for Abdalla slue him and chased his followers Hee held Syria entred Egypt and after many fights obtained it sent an Army against Abdalla which got the better An. 65. the Cufans made an vprore to reuenge the death of Husein sixteene thousand being assembled vnder Suleiman which was slaine in battell by Obeidalla and his followers chased This yeere also Muchtar Sonne of Abuobeida came to Cufa and incited them to reuenge Husein of happy memory for which the Gouernour imprisoned him Merwan dyed of the Plague in the moneth Ramadan Some say that his Wife poysoned him others that she laid a Pillow on his face and sate thereon Abdulmelic Son of Merwan prayed for him He was Chalifa ten moneths
men to him to whom hee was very liberall His Sonne Saududdaulas succeeded Muazzuddaulas dyed at Bagdad hauing ruled in Irac one and twentie yeeres His Sonne Bachtiar Azuddaulas succeeded in his place but not his fulnesse of power An. 358. Cafur died dyed His Court was frequented with learned men and Poets Ali Sonne of Muhammed Sonne of Achsijd reigned after him The same yeere Gheubar Seruant of Muaz Lidinilla Lord of Cairawan came with an Army into Egypt and caused the people to sweare Allegeance to Muaz And thenceforward in Egypt the publike Prayer ceassed in the name of the Abbasides til Ioseph Sallahuddine the Iobide of happie memory restored it This Gheubar builded Alcahir for his Souldiers and an Imperiall Palace and commanded all his Commanders and Souldiers to build each of them a house therein An. 362. Muaz entred Egypt Alcahir was so called viz. Compeller because it was builded in the horoscope of Mars which compelleth the World The same yeere Mutius Lilla was deposed Sebertekin the Turke hauing gotten Bagdad after hee had enioyed the place nine and twenty yeeres foure moneths and one and twenty dayes Hee was Religious frequent in Prayers and Almes honourable and sincere but hauing nothing in Irac and Persia but the title In other Regions others ruled as there the Sonnes of Boia Anno 334. so great a Famine had beene in Bagdad that women rosted children which therefore were throwne into Tigris An. 343. the King of Nubia inuaded as farre as Vswan but the Egyptian Army draue them backe and slue and took many of them and the Muslims tooke a Castle of theirs called Riwa Abdulkerim Abubecr Taius Lilla Sonne of Mutius was made Chalif on the day of his Fathers deposition An. 363. he presently vested Seberteken and set him ouer his Palace He in the yeere 364. tooke Father and Sonne with him to warre against Azzuddaulas Sonne of Boia where he and Mutius dyed and the Turkes made Astekin the Seruant of Muazzedaulas Emperour who went with Taius and besieged Wasit Abutzalab Vddacuddaulas at the same time entred Bagdad and carried himselfe as King whither Taius followed him Adaduddaulas helped his Cousin Azzuddaulas and came out of Persia to Wasit and draue away the Turkes and pursued them to Bagdad and humbled himselfe before Taius and kissed his hand then tooke his Cousin Azzuddaulas but vpon Rucnuddaulas his Fathers command restored him swearing him to make him his Lieutenant in Irac and not to contrary him nor his father Rucnuddaulas after which he returned into Persia Aftekin ruled at Damascus Limisees a Commander of the Romans tooke Emissa and Balaber and forced Damascus to buy their Peace but was soone after poisoned by Basilius and Constantine An. 365. Muaz dyed in whose Reigne ouer Egypt the Wife of Achsijd complained to him of a Iew which denyed the receit of a precious garment full set with Precious Stones she hauing offered all the rest if he would giue her but one sleeue Hee sent for the Iew which still denyed and he searching his house found it and restored it whole to the woman He being giuen to Astrologie had hidden himselfe vpon an Astrologers counsell a yeere in a vault the People imagining meane while that hee had beene taken vp into Heauen He soone after his comming forth dyed and his Sonne Barar Abulmansor Aziz Billa succeeded but Gheuhar administred the Empire Hasen Abuali Rucnuddaulas distributed his Kingdomes to his three Sonnes to Adaduddaulas Persia Argian and Carmania to Muaijdduddaulas Raija and Istahan and to Abulhasen Fachruddaulas Hamedan Dainawar taking Oaths of them for mutuall confederacy Hee dyed Anno 366 being ninetie nine yeeres old and hauing reigned foure and fortie yeeres one moneth and nine dayes Adaduddaulas went against Azzudaulas ouerthrew him and possessed Bagdad An. 367. the Chalifa vested and crowned him gaue him a chaine and declared him Lord gaue him two banners and set him ouer his Palace Hee crucified Ali the Counsellour of Azzuddaulas of whom a Poet made a rare Epitaph Exalted thou in life and death a miracle indeed Enuiron'd as when Prayer-dayes thou whilome didst areed Thou stretchedst forth as 't were with gifts thy hands which dying bleed Earths belly all too narrow is thy greatnesse to contayne Ayre yeelds close graue the Clouds thy shrouds and winding sheet remayne Azzuddaulas got helpe of Abutzalab but was in a great battell slaine by Adaduddaulas He was a strong man and with his hands had prostrated a Bull without other helpes he would also goe to fight with Lions and hunted them Anno 368. Adaduddaulas possessed Diarreb Maijâ—farikin Diarbecr and Abutzalab fled into Egypt Taius Lilla commanded that King Adaduddaulas should pray in his steed euery third Friday which none had obtayned before him though partners of the couenant He commanded also Drummes to be sounded at Adaduddaulus Court at the fiue houres of Prayer which none before had And he was the first which was stiled King in Islamisme and in Pulpits he was named Siahensiah or King of Kings A. 371. he caused Taius to confirme to Muaijidduddaulas his brother Giorgian and Tabristan which draue thence Panus Son of Wasmakin A. 372. Adaduddaulas dyed at Bagdad hauing ruled ouer Irac Carmania Persia Amman Churistan Mausil Diarbecr Harran and Mambag His Sonne Marzuban Abucalangiar Samsamuddaulas was vested by Taius Muaijidduddaulas dyed 373. and his brother Fachruddaulas succeeded him confirmed by Taius An. 375. Siarfuddaulas Sonne of Adaduddaulas possessed Bagdad and imprisoned his brother and put out his eyes hauing conquered Basra Ahwas and Wasit in Irac Taius rested him An. 377. with his Fathers Dignities But he dyed An. 379. and was buried at Cufa His brother Abanasar Bahaiuddaulas succeeded and was crowned by Taius who freed his brother from Prison An. 381. Saaduddaulas King of Aleppo dyed and Abulfadaijl his Sonne succeeded who was much molested by the Egyptians and assisted by the Romanes Aziz the Egyptian dyed An. 386. Hakem his Sonne succeeded Taius Lilla was deposed by Bahaiuddaulas and Cadir Billa inaugurated pretending the resignation of Taius whereas hee had gone in to him kissed the ground and sit downe on a seate by Taius appointment after which his men came in and laying hold on the Pomell of his Sword pulled him off his bed rouled him in the carpet and carried him away to Prison Hee had beene Chalifa seuenteene yeeres nine moneths and sixe dayes In his time Aziz hauing married a Melchite Christian gaue our Ladies Church from the Iacobites to the Melchites which they call the Church of the Patriarke and her brother Ieremy was made Patriarch of Ierusalem and her brother Arseninus was made Patriarch of the Melchites at Alcahir and Mitsra Phocas rebelling against Basilius the Emperour he craued helpe of the Russe King giuing him his Sister in marriage conditionally to receiue the Christian Religion Basilius sent them Bishops which conuerted him and his People This was A. Heg. 377. Bardas
description Iames Hall his 4. voyage to Groenland This Gronland is Westward from Greenland 150 leagues In Greenland are no people nor wood a This Voyage was written by Iosias Hubert b Written by Will Baffin Allen. Sallowes of Redriffe told me Hall was slaine in 76. degrees c One of these Boats with the Oare is in Sir Thomas Smiths Hall in Philpot Lade d Dauis mentions the same voy 2. Io. Knight e Lambert Apâ— Sr H. Willoughby f L. â—4 c. 17. Nauig 3. Ger. de Vetr This is also the effect of Charcole wherewith in close roomes diuers haue beene smothered b M. Scory told me that on the Pike of Tenariffe they might see the Sun an houre sooner by this meanes Ex M.S.W. Baffin In my Pilgrims I haue published many Voyages and letters of Greenland written by Ionas Pooley Rob. Fotherby Tho. Edge Will. Hely Robert Salmon Thomas Sherwin Iames Beuersham Io. Chambers I. Catcher W. Goodlard c. Also to Cherry Iland in 74. by Ionas Pooley Will. Garden c. and to other Northerne parts by Hudson Playse Widhouse c. to which I referre the more industrious Reader a He communicated to me Hudsons abstract Th. Wid. house Abacuk Prickes of this voyage Sir Tho. Smith b A. Io. Crymogea Hudsons wintering A strange tree These were the worst or weakest of the Company A floud from the West a very proble argument of an open passage to the South Sea And so are their weapons and arts being farre beyond other Sauages See his Relation of the third part of my Pilgrims with others many for these parts a Such they vse in Iaua Sir Th. Button is very confident of a passage by the North West into the South sea as appeares by his Relations in the end of rhe fourth Booke of the third part of my Pilgrims Where also Mr Brigs his Map the letters of Mr Lock and Iuan de Fuca the testimonie of Th. Cowles c. further proue the same b This was after found otherwise the error growing by his meeting of Bylet and asking of the floud at this Iland which hee said was eight of the clock whereas it was about eleuen Baffin c Ex Relat. W. Baff 1615. * At this I le are store of fowles called Willockes whereof they might haue killed thousands 1616. Sir T. Smith Sir D. Digs M. Wostenholme Ald. Iones c. a W. Baffin Womens Ilands Strange Variation of the Compasse y As borderers are most vnruly and lawlesse so in these out-borders of the World the power of Natures greatest Officers the Sun c. is least seene z These things agree with the Relations of those parts which tell of Earthquakes breaking of Cliffes c. Boterus a zealous and slanderous Catholike vseth these disgracefull speeches of this discouery Ma pare che la Natura si fia opposta à gli heretici e à dissegni loro pare 1 lib. 5. a The Northerne Seas may be called frozen in respect of the Icie Ilands which by their freshnesse manifest themselues to proceed of fresh waters no experience yet shewing nor reason conuincing that the ocean alway salt and mouing is any where frozen as my Learned Friend M. Brigs a great Mathematician also affirmeth and Merula Cos l. 3. c. 5. b Edw. Haies Hak. to 3. 9. 152. c Gi. Bot. Ben. d Iaq. Cart. l. 2. c. 11. e Other say 200. f Rob. Thorne in M. Hakluyts voiages â— â— p. 21. 9 g M. Hall M. Grafton h M. Hore 1530 Hak. to 3. p. 129. i A Parkhurst Edw. Hares Sir G. Peckham Step. Parmenius Richard Clarke Christoph Carlile k Concep Bay in 48. M Guy his Letter to M. Slany l W. Colston a Thom. Iamed The Morses are said to sleepe in great troupes and to haue one Centinel or watchman to awake the rest vpon occasion the like is said of the Seales some call the Morse a Sea-horse b Charles Leigh c Iaques Cart. 5. d In an houre they might haue filled thirty Boats of Penguines might haue laden all their ships with them without any misse Siluest Wyet f Botero part â— lib. 5. g Iaq. Cart. â— h Iaq. Cart. 2. i He wintered this time in the Country k Iaq Cart. 3. l Iaq. Cart. 2. cap. 10. m M. Francis Roberual n Iohn Alphonse of Xanctoigne Hak. tom 3. Mouns Champlein b The Irocois with whom these Estechemins Algoumequins and Montainers have warres c Beades Their customs d M. Champlein e The answere of a Sagamos in cases of Religion f This somewhat agreeth with the Manichean and Pythagorean errour M. de Monts Saualets two and forty voyages to Noua Francia Armouchiquois M. du Point * Marke L'scarbot Souriquois Aoutmoins * Sagamos signifieth a King or Ruler Their beasts and huntings a S. Champlain Additions to N F. The Iroquois Ol Mag. lib. 16. cap. 51. An. 1497. a Hak. voyage tem 3. p. 246. d. Gaspar Ens. hist Ind. Oc. l. 3. c. 23. Theod. de Bry. b Briefe note of a Barke c. printed 1602. c Ioh. Brereton Gabriel Archer wrote notes thereof M. Gosnold himselfe in a Letter to his Father they resided in 41. deg. 20. minutes d Written by Martin Pring Written by Tho. Canner e Iames Rosier f Their Parents prescribe that they plant not within 100 miles of each other containe from 30. deg. to 45. g The Sauages reckon thus by dayes iourney h Christopher Fortescue i Tho. Hanham M. Chalenge made a voiage hitherward the same yeere but was taken by the Spaniards i Tho. Hanham M. Chalenge made a voyage hitherward the same yeere but was taken by the Spaniards k Iames Dauies l Io. Eliot G. Pop. Let. to S. I. Gilbert and E. S. m Ral. Gilbert n These seems to be the deformed Armouchiquois made in the telling more dreadfull o Edward Hartley p Other notes ap Hak. q See the examination of D. Baker and others of his company They tooke one prize worth 200000. crownes which was after split the Captaine and halfe his company drowned Richard Pots Tho. Studley c. a M. Wingfield writes that one Read a Smith escaped hanging by accusing Kendall who was shot to death and that Smith and he had followed if Newport had not come b Ed. Wingfield Newp iourney to Powhatan he told him of the S. seas and ships c. c Tho. Sauage he adopted also Smith and Scriuener Newports sonnes his grand-children Disc of Chesap See Pots his collections c. 6. a New life of Virginia b Ex lit multarum c A Catch perished at Sea in a Hericano the other came thither but in the returne two of them in one of which Capt. W. King was Master perished on Vshant d Ratliffe Martin Archer e Lord de la Ware f Nat. Com. Mytholog l. 4. c. 6. Hygin fab 142. c Relation to the Councell of Virginia by the Lord de la Ware 1611. d Sir Th. Dales Letter to the Committies
Ram. r W. Magoths ap Hakluyt ſ Iohn Iane t Ap. Hak. M. S. a Botero Enquiries of Lang. and Relig 4. 14. b Bot. part 1. vol. 2. Herera c P. Ferdin de Quir. Detectio Australis Incognit d By Walsingham Grisley c e Mercurius Britannicus Of Chil. f Botero g G. Ens l. 2. c. 4 h Lop. Vaz i L. Apollon hist Peru l. 1. k The Riuers of Chili in the night time froz n. l Earthquakes in Chili and their effects * Some reckon this Towne to Peru It was vexed with Earthquakes 1582. 1586. m Acost l. 3. c. 9. n L. Apollon Hist Peru l. 3. o Nuno da Silua p Oliu. de Noort q Adams and the Dutch Fleet lost many of their men in fight with the Indians 1608. about S. Marie r Oliu. de Noort ſ Gomar c. 144. vid. historia general del Peru Escrita por el Ynca Garcilasse de la Vega in 8. lib. t Gom. c. 108. Benzol 3. c. 1. L. Apol. l. 1. u Peru why so called x Gom. c. 112. Apol. l. 2. Ben. l. 3. c. 3. * The Friers preaching This Oration is expressed more at large by Vega p. 2. l. 1. c. 22. diuided into two parts And Philipillus the Interpreter wanting fit words which the Cuscan Language hath not to expresse his Oration falsified the sense as by their Quippos hath appeared So for Trinitie and Vnitie hee interpreted Foure for our sinne in Adam that on a time all men being assembled layed their sinnes on Adam Nothing of the Diuinitie of Christ but that hee was a great Lord c. and that their forces which they threatned were superiour to those of Heauen as if they had Gods not men to fight against Whereupon Atahuallpa so he cals him fetched a deepe sigh and after made an answere far differing from this which Authors haue related But this was written by the Spaniards to the Emperour to cleere themselues which had offered abuse to the Inga neither would they suffer the truth to be written His answere hee relateth at large and is worth reading The Spaniards weary of his prolixitie made a rout and tooke him no man resisting Miguel Astete laying first hold but Pizarro carrying the credit such as it was his Fringe or Diademe remayned with Astete till 1556. When he restored it to the Inga Sayritupac The Frier was after * a Bishop and lastly slaine by the Indians a Gom. c. 113. b This hee spake according to the Bul of Alexander the Sixt which had giuen the Southerne and Western world to the Spanish Kings The hornes of the Bull and not of the Lambe are the Popish weapons c Rel. della conq del Peru ap Ram. tom 3. Xeres ibid. d Vega saith Atahuallpa forbad them whose command was a Religion to them death to transgresse and there perished 5000. of which 3500. Souldiers others of all ages and both Sexes which had come in great multitudes to heare and solemnize this Embassage of them which they tooke for Gods a Lop Vaz b Gomara saith that it was a great roome and they made a line about it it was all of wrought metal in vessels c. c Gom. hath 252000. poūds of siluer and 1326000. Pezos of Gold d Xeres saith they were 102. Footmen and Horsemen e They baptised him before his death thretning otherwise to burne him aliue Vega l 1. c. 36. The gold siluer which Atabaliba paid came to 4605670. Duc. Blas Valeca hath 4. Millions 800000. Duc. a summe not now maruailous when euery yeere 10. or 12. millions entreth the Guadalquibir The naturall strength of the country is such that had there not bin contentiō betwixt the Brethren c. Peru could neuer haue bin subdued f Gom. c. 115. g The Spanish Captaine in Ramus cals Cusco saith he promised 4 times as much h He kept Cusco with 30000. Indians i They after burnt him k F. Xeres P. Sancto Of their treasures see inf §. 3. c 9. §. 3 c. 11. § 1 c. l Benzo l. 3. c. 5 m Acost l. 6. c. 19. 20. 21. 22. Originall of the Inguas Their Kings n Gom. c. 120. Mariana lib. 26. Guaynacapa prophesied by reuelation of his Oracles of the comming of bearded men commanding at his death that they should yeeld subiection to them hauing a better law customes c. then they as Atahuallpa in his answer to Valle viridi his oration ap Veg. o Acost l. 6. c. 22. 23. p His Son Sayri Tupac was baptised by the name of Diego Amaru was his Brother q One of which hath written a generall History of the Indies in two parts in the former of the Peruuian Antiquities Acts in the later of the Spanish viz. Garcilasso de la Vega Naturall of Cusco his Mother was Palla Isabel daughter of Huallpa Topac Inga one of the Sons of Topac Inga Yupangui and of Palla Mama Ocllo his lawfull ife His Father was Garcilasso de la Vega one of the Conquerors of Peru a Captaine who went thither with Pedro de Aluarado 1531. and there continued till his death 1559. Francisco de Toledo being Viceroy entred Processe against the Ingas and all the Mestizos of that bloud but would not execute them Instead whereof he sent and dispersed them lest by their Fathers conquests or mothers bloud they should challenge that Empire into Chili Pinama New Granada Nicaragua and into Spaine 36. Indians of that bloud they sent to Loy Reyes there to remayne of which 35. dyed in little more then two yeares with griefe c. Others also elsewhere dyed Don Carlos had a Son in Spaine which there dyed 1610. of griefe and soone after a little Infant which he left and so all Guaynacapas prophesie touching his Posterity was accomplished In Mexico they tooke not that course because the Kingdome passed by Election not Succession The present Inga they presently sentenced to lose his head who desired to be sent into Spaine protesting his innocency that if his Father could do nothing against 200. Spaniards in Cusco with 200000. Indians what could they feare of him so poore He appealed to the King and to Pachacamac was baptised also by the name of Philip his Inga as he called him moued pitie in the Spaniards who would haue besought for him to be sent into Spaine there to remayne exiled but might not be suffered on paine of death to speake to the Viceroy Thus was Amaru or Philip brought forth on a Mule his hands fastned the Cryer proclayming him a Tyrant and Traytor with a halter about his necke 300000. were gathered together in the streets and wayes to this sad spectacle with much teares and cryes the Priests desired him to enioyne them silence whereupon hee lifted vp his hand and laying it on his eare and thence by degrees to his thigh there followed such silence as if there had not beene a man in the Citie And thus with protestation of his innocencie hee sustayned