show_n of_o authority_n that_o palladius_n be_v send_v to_o those_o which_o be_v already_o christian_n and_o therefore_o christianity_n must_v be_v plant_v among_o the_o scot_n before_o the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n and_o for_o this_o he_o quote_v beda_n ado_n viennensis_n hermannus_n contractus_fw-la marianus_n scotus_n and_o other_o and_o he_o blame_v platina_n and_o ciacconius_n who_o make_v he_o the_o instrument_n of_o their_o conversion_n wherein_o he_o confess_v they_o follow_v fabius_n ethelwerd_v and_o ingulphus_n but_o he_o take_v no_o notice_n that_o prosper_v himself_o in_o his_o chronicon_fw-la affirm_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o the_o other_o have_v it_o from_o he_o so_o that_o prosper_n make_v the_o scot_n to_o be_v convert_v by_o palladius_n and_o to_o have_v be_v christian_n before_o his_o time_n which_o be_v inconsistent_a but_o 56._o nennius_n seem_v to_o have_v hit_v upon_o the_o true_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n viz._n that_o palladius_n be_v send_v by_o celestine_n to_o convert_v the_o scot_n but_o find_v no_o great_a success_n therein_o he_o be_v drive_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o britain_n and_o there_o die_v and_o after_o his_o death_n st._n patrick_n be_v send_v on_o the_o same_o errand_n and_o if_o the_o writer_n of_o his_o life_n may_v be_v believe_v palladius_n do_v very_o little_a towards_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o therefore_o what_o prosper_n say_v of_o celestine_n make_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n christian_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o his_o design_n and_o good_a intention_n and_o not_o of_o the_o event_n which_o come_v not_o to_o pass_v till_o some_o time_n after_o and_o chief_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o st._n patrick_n who_o go_v after_o the_o death_n of_o palladius_n unless_o we_o understand_v the_o word_n of_o prosper_n of_o those_o who_o be_v make_v christian_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o write_n the_o design_n whereof_o be_v lay_v by_o palladius_n be_v therefore_o attribute_v to_o he_o when_o he_o write_v against_o cassian_n sometime_o after_o the_o death_n of_o celestine_n but_o when_o he_o write_v his_o chronicon_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o leo_n the_o scot_n be_v then_o convert_v he_o say_v that_o palladius_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v bishop_n over_o the_o believe_a scot_n not_o that_o they_o do_v then_o believe_v before_o palladius_n his_o come_n but_o that_o they_o do_v now_o believe_v when_o he_o write_v his_o chronicon_fw-la for_o all_o the_o testimony_n of_o such_o as_o preach_v there_o before_o palladius_n be_v of_o very_o little_a credit_n but_o nothing_o of_o all_o this_o relate_v to_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n but_o to_o the_o original_a scot_n in_o ireland_n who_o be_v uncapable_a of_o a_o national_a conversion_n in_o britain_n so_o long_o before_o they_o come_v to_o settle_v in_o it_o as_o will_v appear_v afterward_o so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o conversion_n of_o scot_n before_o the_o mission_n of_o palladius_n it_o can_v at_o all_o respect_n this_o place_n of_o tertullian_n who_o speak_v only_o of_o the_o britain_n and_o not_o of_o the_o scot_n and_o dio_n know_v of_o none_o but_o britain_n that_o live_v northward_o in_o that_o expedition_n of_o severus_n although_o he_o say_v he_o go_v to_o the_o utmost_a extent_n of_o the_o island_n and_o at_o last_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o britain_n upon_o their_o quit_n not_o small_a part_n of_o their_o country_n although_o they_o soon_o revolt_v so_o that_o here_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v convert_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n never_o have_v be_v before_o severus_n his_o last_o expedition_n which_o the_o scotish_n historian_n apply_v to_o the_o conversion_n of_o their_o nation_n who_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v into_o britain_n but_o allow_v that_o there_o be_v church_n plant_v among_o the_o northern_a britain_n this_o do_v not_o overthrow_v the_o continuance_n and_o propagation_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n among_o the_o provincial_a britain_n for_o now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o christian_a religion_n have_v a_o great_a liberty_n of_o propagate_a itself_o for_o from_o the_o time_n of_o hadrian_n to_o severus_n the_o christian_n be_v general_o free_a from_o persecution_n except_v what_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o people_n bring_v upon_o they_o in_o some_o place_n without_o any_o edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o antonini_n both_o at_o rome_n in_o gaul_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o east_n but_o these_o persecution_n be_v neither_o general_n nor_o continue_v so_o long_o as_o when_o the_o emperor_n publish_v edict_n on_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o the_o persecution_n under_o trajan_n and_o the_o antonini_n aught_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o under_o nero_n and_o domitian_n decius_n and_o dioclesian_n when_o the_o emperor_n make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o root_v out_o christianity_n but_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o emperor_n restrain_v the_o people_n by_o their_o edict_n but_o the_o people_n in_o some_o place_n by_o false_a suggestion_n frustrate_v the_o design_n of_o those_o edict_n which_o place_n except_v the_o christian_n enjoy_v a_o long_a time_n of_o liberty_n in_o which_o they_o neglect_v no_o opportunity_n to_o promote_v their_o religion_n and_o within_o this_o time_n the_o christian_a writer_n say_v there_o be_v no_o nation_n almost_o then_o know_v where_o christianity_n be_v not_o plant_v so_o 345._o justin_n martyr_n tell_v trypho_n so_o 21._o eusebius_n and_o ruffinus_n speak_v 8._o and_o 3._o lactantius_n say_v that_o christianity_n spread_v itself_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n so_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o corner_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o remote_a whither_o it_o have_v not_o pierce_v no_o nation_n so_o barbarous_a that_o be_v not_o reduce_v by_o it_o as_o to_o britain_n gildas_n affirm_v the_o continuance_n of_o a_o church_n here_o from_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o the_o gospel_n though_o not_o maintain_v with_o equal_a zeal_n to_o the_o persecution_n of_o dioclesian_n and_o even_o that_o be_v so_o far_o from_o destroy_v it_o that_o it_o gain_v strength_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o courage_n of_o confessor_n and_o martyr_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o it_o be_v no_o soon_o over_o but_o as_o 8._o bede_n and_o 8._o gildas_n both_o say_v the_o christian_a church_n flourish_v again_o in_o great_a peace_n and_o unity_n till_o the_o arian_n heresy_n give_v it_o disturbance_n 2._o it_o be_v object_v that_o 381._o sulpicius_n severus_n speak_v of_o the_o persecution_n of_o christian_n in_o gaul_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n aurelius_n antoninus_n say_v that_o martyrdom_n be_v then_o first_o see_v in_o gaul_n the_o christian_a religion_n be_v more_o late_o receive_v beyond_o the_o alps_n which_o seem_v to_o overthrow_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o britannic_a as_o well_o as_o the_o gallic_a church_n but_o in_o my_o opinion_n after_o so_o many_o discourse_n write_v in_o a_o neighbour_n nation_n about_o this_o passage_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v that_o which_o sulpicius_n severus_n absolute_o affirm_v viz._n that_o there_o be_v no_o martyrdom_n in_o gaul_n before_o that_o time_n from_o that_o which_o he_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o reason_n of_o it_o viz._n that_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v more_o late_o receive_v on_o this_o side_n the_o alps_n the_o other_o he_o be_v certain_a of_o there_o be_v no_o authentic_a relation_n of_o any_o martyrdom_n there_o before_o but_o that_o which_o he_o assign_v as_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o have_v no_o such_o certainty_n in_o it_o for_o the_o christian_a church_n may_v have_v be_v plant_v there_o before_o and_o have_v escape_v that_o persecution_n which_o befall_v the_o church_n of_o lion_n and_o vienna_n in_o the_o time_n of_o m._n aurelius_n he_o may_v as_o well_o have_v argue_v that_o christianity_n be_v not_o here_o receive_v till_o a_o little_a before_o the_o persecution_n of_o dioclesian_n because_o we_o read_v of_o no_o martyrdom_n before_o those_o of_o st._n alban_n julius_n and_o aaron_n at_o that_o time_n but_o if_o there_o be_v no_o edict_n for_o persecution_n of_o christian_n for_o above_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o viz._n from_o the_o persecution_n of_o domitian_n anno_fw-la dom._n 92._o to_o the_o edict_n of_o severus_n anno_fw-la dom._n 204._o than_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a that_o there_o may_v be_v christian_a church_n in_o gaul_n and_o yet_o no_o martyrdom_n till_o the_o persecution_n under_o m._n aurelius_n by_o a_o popular_a tumult_n which_o as_o 1._o eusebius_n tell_v we_o be_v the_o seventeen_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 6._o baronius_n think_v that_o m._n aurelius_n send_v private_a edict_n against_o the_o christian_n but_o 5._o tertullian_n say_v none_o of_o their_o good_a emperor_n ever_o persecute_v the_o christian_n and_o instance_v in_o trajan_n hadrian_n pius_n verus_fw-la and_o m._n aurelius_n 33._o eusebius_n say_v that_o trajan_n abate_v the_o fierceness_n of_o
empire_n will_v not_o seem_v to_o come_v behind_o they_o in_o this_o so_o 1._o hunibaldus_n give_v as_o formal_a a_o account_n of_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o frank_n from_o antenor_n and_o as_o good_a a_o succession_n of_o their_o king_n down_o from_o he_o with_o the_o particular_a name_n of_o person_n and_o the_o time_n of_o their_o reign_n as_o either_o geffrey_n do_v of_o the_o british_a king_n from_o brutus_n or_o hector_n of_o the_o scot_n from_o fergus_n or_o the_o irish_a annal_n from_o gathelus_n or_o heremon_n and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o late_a invention_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o aimoinus_n ado_n viennensis_n abbas_n vrspergensis_n rorico_fw-la gaguinus_fw-la aeneas_n silvius_n and_o other_o agree_v with_o hunibaldus_n in_o the_o substance_n of_o his_o story_n and_o francor_n vignier_n mention_n several_a diplomata_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o the_o frank_n to_o prove_v the_o authenticness_n of_o this_o tradition_n and_o it_o be_v less_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o the_o britain_n shall_v pretend_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o trojan_n because_o of_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o they_o together_o while_o britain_n continue_v so_o long_a a_o roman_a province_n from_o whence_o i_o suppose_v the_o first_o occasion_n be_v take_v which_o continue_v as_o a_o tradition_n among_o the_o britain_n for_o a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o such_o a_o history_n as_o we_o find_v in_o geffrey_n that_o the_o tradition_n itself_o be_v elder_a than_o his_o time_n be_v certain_a for_o even_o those_o who_o despise_v geffrey_n embrace_v it_o as_o appear_v by_o 7._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n this_o tradition_n be_v know_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o saxon_a poet_n mention_v by_o 25._o abr._n whelock_n but_o nennius_n his_o ms._n put_v it_o out_o of_o dispute_n that_o there_o be_v then_o a_o tradition_n about_o the_o britain_n come_v from_o brute_n but_o he_o can_v not_o tell_v what_o to_o make_v of_o this_o brute_n sometime_o he_o be_v brito_n the_o son_n of_o ysition_n the_o son_n of_o alan_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o japhet_n and_o for_o this_o he_o quote_v the_o 13._o tradition_n of_o his_o ancestor_n but_o this_o be_v uncapable_a of_o much_o improvement_n or_o evidence_n he_o than_o run_v to_o brutus_n the_o roman_a and_o sometime_o it_o be_v brutus_n the_o consul_n but_o that_o not_o suit_v so_o well_o he_o than_o produce_v the_o story_n of_o aeneas_n and_o ascanius_n and_o silvius_n and_o the_o prediction_n of_o the_o magician_n 3._o that_o his_o son_n shall_v kill_v his_o father_n and_o mother_n she_o die_v in_o labour_n and_o his_o father_n be_v kill_v by_o he_o by_o chance_n however_o he_o be_v banish_v from_o italy_n into_o greece_n and_o from_o thence_o again_o banish_v and_o so_o come_v into_o gaul_n and_o there_o build_v tours_n have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o of_o his_o companion_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o come_v for_o britain_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o he_o and_o he_o fill_v it_o with_o his_o progeny_n which_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n so_o that_o here_o we_o have_v the_o foundation_n of_o geffrey_n history_n lay_v long_o before_o his_o time_n and_o nennius_n his_o account_n be_v mention_v by_o 1._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n under_o the_o name_n of_o gesta_fw-la britonum_fw-la and_o follow_v by_o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o turgott_n or_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n but_o when_o geffrey_n book_n come_v abroad_o it_o be_v so_o improve_v and_o adorn_v with_o particular_n not_o elsewhere_o to_o be_v find_v that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o monkish_a historian_n not_o only_o follow_v but_o admire_v it_o and_o pity_v those_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o as_o they_o suppose_v as_o 48._o ranulphus_fw-la cestrensis_fw-la do_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n but_o there_o be_v some_o cross-grained_n writer_n who_o call_v it_o a_o imposture_n as_o gul._n newburgensis_n or_o a_o poetical_a figment_n as_o john_n whethamsted_n but_o these_o be_v but_o few_o in_o comparison_n with_o those_o who_o be_v better_o please_v with_o the_o particular_n of_o a_o legend_n than_o the_o dryness_n of_o a_o true_a history_n but_o this_o humour_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o the_o frank_n and_o britain_n for_o the_o saxon_n derive_v 1._o themselves_o from_o the_o macedonian_a army_n of_o alexander_n which_o have_v three_o captain_n say_v 5._o suffridus_n petrus_n saxo_n friso_n and_o bruno_n from_o who_o be_v descend_v the_o saxon_n frisian_n and_o those_o of_o brunswick_n and_o 51â—_n abbas_n stadensis_n add_v that_o not_o only_o the_o saxon_n but_o those_o of_o prussia_n rugia_n and_o holstein_n come_v from_o they_o 11._o gobelinus_n persona_fw-la relate_v the_o particular_n as_o exact_o as_o geffrey_n or_o hector_n or_o the_o irish_a annal_n do_v how_o they_o be_v leave_v on_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n and_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o just_a as_o brutus_n and_o gathelus_n do_v till_o they_o settle_v in_o prussia_n rugen_n and_o saxony_n the_o dane_n say_v 1._o dudo_n s._n quintin_n derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o danai_n the_o 7._o prussian_n from_o prusias_n king_n of_o bythinia_n who_o bring_v the_o greek_n along_o with_o he_o only_o the_o scot_n and_o irish_a have_v the_o wit_n to_o derive_v themselves_o from_o the_o greek_n and_o egyptian_n together_o we_o be_v now_o to_o sit_v down_o and_o consider_v what_o be_v to_o be_v say_v to_o all_o these_o glorious_a pretence_n must_v they_o be_v all_o allow_v for_o good_a and_o true_a history_n if_o not_o what_o mark_n of_o distinction_n can_v we_o set_v between_o they_o they_o all_o pretend_v to_o such_o founder_n as_o come_v afar_o off_o wander_v from_o place_n to_o place_n consult_v oracle_n build_v city_n found_v kingdom_n and_o draw_v their_o succession_n from_o many_o age_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v unreasonable_a to_o allow_v none_o but_o our_o own_o and_o yet_o these_o antiquity_n will_v hardly_o pass_v any_o where_n but_o with_o their_o own_o nation_n and_o hardly_o with_o those_o of_o any_o judgement_n in_o any_o of_o they_o but_o when_o all_o this_o be_v say_v every_o one_o will_v believe_v as_o he_o please_v but_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o believe_v with_o the_o will_n and_o another_o with_o the_o understanding_n to_o return_v now_o to_o the_o irish_a antiquity_n and_o it_o only_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v how_o the_o irish_a antiquary_n give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o nation_n come_v into_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o britain_n and_o here_o be_v something_o which_o deserve_v consideration_n viz._n that_o they_o 22._o charge_v the_o scotish_n antiquary_n with_o place_v the_o time_n of_o fergus_n i._n 819_o year_n before_o he_o land_v in_o britain_n for_o say_v they_o the_o irish_a monument_n fix_v on_o anno_fw-la dom._n 498._o as_o the_o time_n wherein_o 367._o fergus_n mor_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o erch_n who_o the_o scotish_n writer_n call_v the_o son_n of_o ferchard_n with_o his_o five_o brother_n invade_v the_o north_n of_o britain_n to_o this_o purpose_n they_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o tigernacus_n who_o in_o his_o annal_n say_v fergus_n mor_fw-fr mhac_fw-la ercha_fw-la cum_fw-la gente_fw-la dalraida_n partem_fw-la britanniae_fw-la tenuit_fw-la &_o ibi_fw-la mortuus_fw-la est_fw-la this_o he_o write_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o pope_n symmachus_n which_o be_v about_o six_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o st._n patrick_n and_o very_o near_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o century_n beside_o another_o irish_a author_n who_o write_v of_o the_o king_n of_o albany_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o the_o monarch_n of_o ireland_n reckon_v twenty_o year_n between_o the_o battle_n of_o ocha_n and_o the_o go_n of_o the_o six_o son_n of_o erc_n into_o albany_n and_o the_o annal_n of_o ulster_n place_n the_o battle_n of_o ocha_n a._n d._n 483._o so_o that_o fergus_n his_o come_n into_o scotland_n can_v not_o be_v before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o six_o century_n 73._o gratianus_n lucius_n say_v that_o the_o battle_n of_o ocha_n wherein_o oilliol_n moult_v the_o irish_a monarch_n who_o succeed_v leogarius_n be_v kill_v be_v anno_fw-la dom._n 478_o which_o make_v but_o five_o year_n difference_n far_o say_v they_o the_o scotish_n antiquary_n make_v reuda_n the_o six_o king_n after_o fergus_n whereas_o it_o appear_v by_o their_o annal_n 69._o that_o their_o monarch_n conair_a have_v three_o son_n call_v the_o three_o cairbres_fw-fr and_o the_o three_o 370._o be_v cairbre_n riada_n from_o who_o that_o part_n of_o britain_n be_v call_v dalinea_n riada_n or_o dalinea_n reuda_n but_o conair_a be_v kill_v an._n dom._n 165._o and_o therefore_o this_o 90._o reuda_n must_v be_v 300_o year_n before_o fergus_n the_o old_a ms._n cite_v by_o 707._o camden_n make_v fergus_n to_o be_v descend_v from_o conair_a with_o which_o as_o 611._o archbishop_n usher_n observe_v the_o old_a irish_a genealogy_n agree_v but_o he_o say_v conair_a reign_v anno_fw-la
of_o the_o thing_n from_o the_o circumstance_n of_o st._n peter_n as_o i_o do_v before_o from_o those_o of_o st._n paul_n and_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o his_o business_n lie_v quite_o another_o way_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o probable_a evidence_n of_o his_o come_n hither_o i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o the_o apostle_n be_v employ_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o their_o commission_n viz._n that_o the_o apostle_n of_o the_o circumcision_n be_v to_o attend_v the_o jew_n and_o of_o the_o uncircumcision_n the_o gentile_n now_o st._n paul_n say_v that_o 2.7_o the_o gospel_n of_o the_o uncircumcision_n be_v commit_v to_o he_o as_o the_o gospel_n of_o the_o circumcision_n be_v unto_o peter_n this_o 29._o baronius_n say_v be_v agree_v at_o the_o council_n at_o jerusalem_n but_o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o to_o be_v such_o a_o distribution_n of_o distinct_a province_n as_o that_o the_o one_o upon_o no_o occasion_n shall_v meddle_v with_o the_o gentile_n nor_o the_o other_o with_o the_o jew_n but_o yet_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o apostleship_n of_o the_o gentile_n be_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n commit_v to_o st._n paul_n as_o of_o the_o jew_n to_o st._n peter_n and_o whatever_o they_o may_v do_v occasional_o this_o as_o he_o prove_v from_o 2._o st._n jerome_n be_v the_o principale_a mandatum_fw-la the_o main_a of_o the_o commission_n to_o either_o of_o they_o which_o be_v suppose_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o st._n peter_n chief_a employment_n must_v be_v where_o the_o great_a number_n of_o jew_n be_v and_o from_o hence_o 4._o petrus_n de_fw-fr marca_n infer_v that_o st._n peter_n have_v preach_v to_o the_o jew_n in_o judaea_n employ_v himself_o in_o convert_v the_o jew_n abroad_o both_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o dispersion_n the_o latter_a be_v chief_o in_o egypt_n at_o alexandria_n where_o he_o settle_v mark_v the_o bishop_n over_o the_o convert_a jew_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o antioch_n from_o thence_o to_o babylon_n where_o the_o head_n of_o the_o first_o dispersion_n live_v and_o in_o this_o city_n he_o say_v he_o write_v his_o epistle_n to_o those_o disperse_a jew_n over_o who_o synagogue_n the_o patriarch_n of_o babylon_n have_v jurisdiction_n clemens_n romanus_n take_v no_o notice_n at_o all_o of_o st._n peter_n preach_v in_o the_o western_a part_n as_o he_o do_v of_o st._n paul_n but_o 1._o eusebius_n from_o origen_n say_v that_o st._n peter_n preach_v to_o the_o disperse_a jew_n in_o pontus_n galatia_n bythinia_n cappadocia_n etc._n etc._n and_o 6._o epiphanius_n even_o where_o he_o say_v that_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n do_v both_o constitute_v bishop_n at_o rome_n upon_o their_o go_v thence_o to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o other_o place_n yet_o he_o add_v that_o st._n paul_n go_v towards_o spain_n but_o st._n peter_n frequent_o visit_v pontus_n and_o bythinia_n which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o design_n of_o his_o commission_n there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o jew_n in_o those_o part_n and_o pontus_n and_o bythinia_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v reserve_v as_o the_o peculiar_a province_n of_o st._n peter_n for_o when_o st._n paul_n attempt_v to_o go_v into_o bythinia_n 16.7_o he_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o spirit_n which_o then_o command_v he_o to_o come_v into_o europe_n and_o so_o he_o make_v for_o macedonia_n 51._o baronius_n grant_v that_o st._n peter_n spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n but_o about_o anno_fw-la dom._n lviii_o he_o find_v he_o employ_v in_o the_o west_n and_o particular_o among_o the_o britain_n but_o what_o ancient_a authority_n according_a to_o his_o own_o rule_n do_v he_o produce_v for_o it_o he_o name_v none_o but_o metaphrastes_n and_o yet_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o unlucky_o when_o the_o same_o metaphrastes_n his_o authority_n be_v produce_v for_o st._n paul_n be_v preach_v in_o the_o western_a part_n he_o be_v apparent_o slight_v by_o he_o 4._o and_o for_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n which_o hold_v against_o the_o former_a testimony_n viz._n for_o quote_v thing_n out_o of_o eusebius_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o he_o and_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v 38._o he_o be_v of_o no_o authority_n in_o these_o matter_n but_o metaphrastes_n his_o testimony_n serve_v to_o a_o good_a purpose_n in_o st._n peter_n case_n viz._n to_o clear_v a_o considerable_a difficulty_n how_o st._n peter_n if_o then_o bishop_n of_o rome_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o st._n paul_n when_o he_o write_v his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o which_o he_o answer_v that_o saint_n peter_n come_v to_o rome_n the_o second_o of_o claudius_n but_o be_v banish_v thence_o with_o other_o jew_n the_o nine_o of_o claudius_n he_o spend_v the_o time_n then_o in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n in_o other_o place_n and_o so_o very_o convenient_o find_v he_o in_o britain_n when_o st._n paul_n write_v his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n which_o he_o place_v in_o the_o second_o of_o nero._n but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n probable_a say_v 16._o valesius_fw-la that_o st._n peter_n shall_v come_v to_o rome_n before_o the_o death_n of_o herod_n agrippa_n and_o 10._o baronius_n say_v that_o after_o his_o be_v deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n he_o go_v to_o caesarea_n laodicea_n and_o antioch_n according_a to_o his_o own_o author_n metaphrastes_n and_o then_o into_o cappadocia_n pontus_n galatia_n and_o bythinia_n and_o so_o return_v by_o antioch_n to_o jerusalem_n so_o that_o if_o metaphrastes_n his_o authority_n be_v good_a for_o any_o thing_n st._n peter_n can_v hardly_o come_v to_o rome_n the_o second_o of_o claudius_n and_o if_o the_o death_n of_o agrippa_n follow_v soon_o after_o the_o delivery_n of_o st._n peter_n as_o valesius_fw-la think_v and_o st._n luke_n seem_v to_o intimate_v then_o he_o can_v not_o be_v at_o rome_n till_o the_o four_o of_o claudius_n for_o all_o agree_v that_o agrippa_n die_v that_o year_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o st._n peter_n come_v to_o rome_n the_o second_o of_o claudius_n yet_o let_v that_o be_v suppose_v and_o that_o st._n peter_n go_v from_o rome_n on_o the_o edict_n of_o claudius_n what_o make_v he_o so_o long_o absent_a from_o thence_o as_o to_o the_o second_o of_o nero_n when_o 16.3_o st._n paul_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n salute_v aquila_n and_o priscilla_n as_o then_o present_a at_o rome_n who_o certain_o leave_v it_o before_o on_o the_o 18.2_o account_n of_o that_o edict_n so_o that_o this_o edict_n can_v be_v no_o reason_n of_o his_o be_v absent_a from_o rome_n at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o epistle_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o unhappy_o that_o though_o st._n peter_n be_v make_v by_o baronius_n and_o other_o bishop_n of_o rome_n for_o twenty_o five_o year_n yet_o he_o can_v never_o be_v find_v in_o his_o own_o diocese_n in_o all_o that_o time_n before_o his_o martyrdom_n but_o one_o excuse_n or_o other_o be_v still_o find_v for_o his_o absence_n when_o there_o be_v several_a remarkable_a transaction_n which_o must_v have_v discover_v he_o if_o he_o have_v be_v at_o rome_n as_o not_o only_o upon_o st._n paul_n writing_n this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n but_o upon_o st._n paul_n come_v to_o rome_n upon_o his_o writing_n so_o many_o epistle_n from_o thence_o upon_o the_o defence_n he_o make_v for_o himself_o when_o he_o say_v 4.16_o that_o all_o forsake_v he_o what_o st._n peter_n too_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o opinion_n of_o 2._o lactantius_n in_o his_o late_a publish_a book_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n that_o st._n peter_n come_v not_o to_o rome_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n and_o not_o long_o before_o his_o martyrdom_n and_o this_o baluzius_n confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o receive_a opinion_n in_o the_o church_n since_o lactantius_n never_o dispute_v it_o and_o what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o twenty_o five_o year_n wherein_o the_o apostle_n plant_v church_n be_v in_o likelihood_n the_o occasion_n of_o that_o mistake_a tradition_n concern_v saint_n peter_n be_v be_v twenty_o five_o year_n bishop_n of_o rome_n so_o much_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o great_a probability_n that_o the_o christian_a church_n in_o britain_n be_v rather_o found_v by_o st._n paul_n than_o by_o st._n peter_n or_o any_o other_o apostle_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o british_a church_n to_o the_o first_o council_n of_o nice_a the_o testimony_n of_o tertullian_n concern_v they_o clear_v it_o extend_v only_o to_o britain_n the_o national_a conversion_n of_o the_o scot_n under_o king_n donald_n fabulous_a of_o dempster_n old_a annal_n prosper_n speak_v not_o of_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n tertullian_n to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o provincial_a britain_n as_o well_o as_o other_o the_o testimony_n of_o sulpitius_n severus_n
their_o meeting_n in_o council_n on_o purpose_n and_o choose_v and_o dispatch_a st._n german_n and_o lupus_n without_o any_o intimation_n of_o celestine_n 9_o baronius_n and_o 1._o jansenius_n go_v about_o to_o reconcile_v these_o thing_n by_o say_v either_o that_o the_o pope_n approve_v he_o who_o the_o council_n choose_v or_o that_o the_o pope_n leave_v it_o to_o the_o council_n to_o choose_v but_o neither_o of_o these_o will_v hold_v for_o prosper_n say_v that_o celestine_n send_v he_o vice_n suâ_fw-la in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o stead_n which_o be_v very_o different_a from_o appoint_v a_o council_n to_o choose_v one_o to_o be_v send_v and_o constantius_n say_v that_o immediate_o they_o go_v which_o show_v they_o do_v not_o stay_v for_o the_o pope_n approbation_n and_o withal_o the_o kindness_n be_v not_o so_o great_a at_o that_o time_n between_o celestine_n and_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n that_o either_o he_o shall_v send_v to_o they_o to_o appoint_v or_o they_o shall_v wait_v for_o his_o direction_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o prosper_n and_o hilary_n have_v make_v great_a complaint_n of_o they_o at_o rome_n as_o favour_v pelagianism_n too_o much_o and_o among_o these_o hilary_n bishop_n of_o arles_n be_v the_o chief_a for_o 225._o prosper_n complain_v of_o he_o particular_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o st._n augustine_n which_o be_v send_v to_o he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 428_o or_o 429._o as_o the_o late_a editor_n of_o st._n augustine_n epistle_n conclude_v so_o that_o hilary_n be_v bishop_n of_o arles_n at_o that_o time_n before_o st._n augustine_n death_n anno_fw-la dom._n 430._o after_o his_o death_n the_o same_o prosper_n and_o another_o hilary_n join_v in_o a_o complaint_n to_o celestine_n and_o go_v to_o rome_n on_o purpose_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o 59_o answer_n who_o therein_o reprove_v the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n for_o give_v too_o much_o countenance_n to_o some_o presbyter_n who_o vent_v new_a doctrine_n viz._n cassian_n and_o his_o follower_n and_o who_o reflect_v on_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n augustine_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o any_o way_n probable_a that_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n have_v be_v complain_v of_o so_o long_o before_o st._n augustine_n death_n that_o he_o write_v a_o book_n in_o answer_n to_o they_o before_o he_o die_v shall_v be_v entrust_v by_o celestine_n to_o choose_v person_n to_o go_v over_o into_o britain_n to_o confute_v pelagianism_n when_o he_o suspect_v they_o from_o prosper_n information_n to_o be_v too_o much_o incline_v to_o it_o it_o seem_v therefore_o most_o likely_a that_o st._n german_n and_o lupus_n be_v send_v by_o a_o council_n of_o gallican_n bishop_n without_o the_o pope_n concurrence_n since_o constantius_n who_o certain_o know_v all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o this_o matter_n say_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o it_o and_o this_o st._n german_n be_v so_o great_a with_o hilary_n bishop_n of_o arles_n that_o he_o join_v with_o he_o in_o the_o depose_n chelidonius_n for_o which_o pope_n leo_n be_v so_o incense_v against_o he_o as_o honoratus_n affirm_v in_o his_o life_n which_o be_v no_o new_a acquaintance_n but_o of_o so_o long_o stand_v that_o if_o hilary_n of_o arles_n be_v at_o that_o time_n suspect_v at_o rome_n st._n german_n will_v hard_o have_v be_v pitch_v upon_o by_o celestine_n for_o his_o legate_n into_o britain_n i_o wonder_v how_o 20._o baronius_n and_o 19_o vossius_fw-la come_v to_o mistake_v the_o hilary_n who_o join_v with_o prosper_n for_o hilary_n bishop_n of_o arles_n since_o this_o hilary_n never_o be_v a_o disciple_n of_o st._n augustine_n as_o the_o other_o be_v and_o he_o be_v certain_o bishop_n of_o arles_n after_o st._n augustine_n death_n when_o celestine_n mention_n the_o other_o hilary_n as_o present_v with_o prosper_n at_o rome_n when_o they_o inform_v against_o the_o bishop_n of_o gaul_n for_o honoratus_n succeed_v patroclus_n in_o the_o see_v of_o arles_n prosper_n say_v that_o patroclus_n be_v kill_v anno_fw-la dom._n 426._o honoratus_n continue_v but_o two_o year_n in_o the_o see_v and_o so_o hilary_n may_v well_o be_v new_o bishop_n of_o arles_n when_o prosper_n and_o the_o other_o hilary_n send_v to_o st._n augustine_n as_o plain_o appear_v by_o their_o epistle_n so_o that_o semipelagianism_n do_v not_o as_o archbishop_z 344._o usher_n suppose_v then_o begin_v in_o gaul_n when_o st._n germanus_n and_o lupus_n be_v here_o employ_v against_o pelagianism_n but_o be_v begin_v before_o and_o embrace_v by_o those_o very_a bishop_n who_o send_v they_o hither_o who_o for_o their_o own_o vindication_n appear_v zealous_a against_o pelagianism_n and_o be_v therefore_o willing_a to_o embrace_v this_o opportunity_n to_o send_v two_o of_o their_o number_n into_o britain_n and_o it_o be_v the_o more_o strange_a that_o so_o learned_a a_o person_n shall_v fall_v into_o this_o mistake_n when_o he_o have_v so_o full_o prove_v as_o 345._o holstenius_fw-la confess_v that_o hilary_n bishop_n of_o arles_n do_v favour_v the_o semipelagian_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o prosper_n do_v complain_v of_o he_o to_o st._n augustine_n if_o the_o copy_n be_v not_o corrupt_a as_o he_o show_v they_o be_v not_o before_o st._n german_n voyage_n into_o britain_n for_o st._n augustine_n receive_v the_o complaint_n time_n enough_o to_o write_v his_o two_o book_n of_o predestination_n and_o perseverance_n in_o answer_n to_o it_o after_o his_o book_n of_o retractation_n and_o before_o his_o elaborate_a work_n against_o julian_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v probable_o suppose_v to_o be_v write_v anno_fw-la dom._n 428._o if_o we_o then_o yield_v that_o st._n german_n come_n hither_o be_v when_o prosper_n say_v anno_fw-la dom._n 429._o yet_o we_o find_v that_o semipelagianism_n have_v prevail_v among_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n before_o that_o time_n or_o else_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o for_o prosper_n complaint_n and_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v yet_o more_o improbable_a that_o celestine_n shall_v send_v st._n germanus_n and_o st._n lupus_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o lupus_n be_v brother_n to_o vincentius_n lirinensis_n and_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o society_n which_o vincentius_n be_v a_o great_a stickler_n in_o the_o semipelagian_a cause_n as_o all_o the_o member_n of_o that_o society_n that_o be_v considerable_a be_v engage_v in_o it_o and_o when_o the_o pope_n write_v so_o smart_o against_o the_o accuser_n of_o st._n augustine_n doctrine_n it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a he_o shall_v pitch_v upon_o one_o of_o that_o society_n most_o suspect_v for_o it_o and_o who_o brother_n appear_v so_o early_o and_o so_o warm_o in_o it_o not_o only_o by_o the_o objection_n under_o his_o name_n in_o prosper_n but_o by_o the_o whole_a design_n of_o his_o commonitorium_fw-la which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v level_v against_o those_o who_o go_v about_o to_o broach_v a_o new_a doctrine_n about_o predestination_n as_o they_o say_v under_o st._n augustine_n name_n and_o they_o who_o careful_o read_v over_o that_o discourse_n and_o consider_v the_o drift_n of_o it_o will_v find_v i_o be_o not_o mistake_v but_o maii._n baronius_n be_v when_o he_o will_v clear_v the_o author_n of_o the_o commonitorium_fw-la from_o favour_v those_o who_o impugn_a st._n augustine_n doctrine_n about_o predestination_n which_o be_v quite_o another_o thing_n from_o favour_v pelagianism_n which_o cassianus_n faustus_n and_o this_o vincentius_n all_o profess_a to_o abhor_v but_o what_o shall_v be_v say_v to_o prosper_n who_o affirm_v that_o celestine_n send_v st._n german_n 1._o fin_n prosper_n in_o his_o undoubted_a work_n against_o cassian_n do_v not_o affirm_v it_o for_o there_o he_o only_o say_v that_o celestine_n take_v care_n to_o free_a britain_n from_o pelagianism_n why_o be_v not_o the_o mission_n of_o st._n german_n here_o mention_v when_o it_o have_v be_v most_o seasonable_a against_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o semipelagian_o no_o doubt_n prosper_n will_v not_o have_v lose_v this_o opportunity_n of_o magnify_v celestine_n care_n by_o send_v bishop_n of_o so_o great_a reputation_n especial_o if_o these_o bishop_n be_v not_o semipelagian_n but_o if_o so_o why_o do_v he_o not_o mention_v they_o in_o that_o work_n as_o such_o when_o he_o complain_v how_o much_o semipelagianism_n do_v prevail_v and_o even_o among_o their_o bishop_n 2._o the_o prosper_v publish_v by_o pithaeus_n never_o mention_n it_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v the_o genuine_a chronicon_fw-la of_o prosper_n 102._o hadrianus_n valescus_n conclude_v one_o or_o the_o other_o not_o to_o be_v genuine_a since_o they_o differ_v in_o point_n of_o time_n and_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o same_o man_n will_v write_v two_o several_a book_n about_o the_o same_o matter_n with_o such_o diversity_n 212._o bucherins_n think_v it_o impossible_a the_o same_o person_n shall_v write_v both_o yet_o both_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o tyro_n prosper_n and_o so_o he_o say_v the_o ancient_a ms._n of_o it_o which_o he_o have_v which_o
kentigern_n i_o know_v what_o heat_n have_v be_v about_o this_o passage_n among_o very_o learned_a men._n for_o my_o part_n i_o see_v no_o cause_n to_o mistrust_v the_o sincerity_n of_o archbishop_n parker_n in_o the_o edition_n of_o his_o very_a ancient_a copy_n where_o this_o passage_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v and_o i_o do_v not_o question_v camden_n fidelity_n in_o publish_v asserius_fw-la out_z of_o some_o other_o copy_n but_o it_o have_v be_v fair_a to_o have_v give_v a_o account_n whence_o he_o have_v it_o and_o for_o what_o reason_n he_o insert_v it_o in_o another_o edition_n of_o asserius_fw-la and_o why_o he_o prefer_v the_o savilian_a copy_n before_o the_o other_o but_o i_o can_v but_o wonder_v that_o these_o learned_a man_n have_v take_v no_o more_o notice_n of_o the_o inconsistency_n of_o this_o passage_n with_o the_o history_n of_o those_o time_n for_o these_o person_n all_o live_v a_o considerable_a time_n after_o st._n german_n as_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o prove_v if_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o pain_n for_o gildas_n be_v not_o bear_v till_o at_o least_o forty_o four_o year_n be_v pass_v after_o st._n german_n death_n which_o thus_o appear_v he_o say_v he_o be_v bear_v the_o year_n of_o the_o victory_n of_o aurelius_n ambrose_n over_o the_o saxon_n at_o the_o mons_fw-la badonicus_n which_o be_v forty_o four_o year_n after_o they_o come_v hither_o anno_fw-la dom._n 449._o and_o by_o compare_v st._n german_n embassy_n to_o valentinian_n at_o ravenna_n where_o he_o die_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o st._n german_n be_v dead_a the_o year_n before_o the_o saxon_n arrival_n anno_fw-la dom._n 448._o as_o the_o 267._o samarthani_fw-la show_n but_o against_o this_o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a objection_n from_o what_o 20._o bede_n say_v that_o the_o saxon_n and_o pict_n join_v together_o after_o st._n germane_a come_n which_o occasion_v the_o victory_n by_o sing_v alleluiah_n according_a to_o st._n german_n be_v direction_n and_o it_o be_v so_o much_o strong_a in_o that_o the_o very_a same_o expression_n be_v in_o constantius_n but_o this_o may_v be_v easy_o solve_v by_o those_o that_o consider_v the_o frequent_a incursion_n the_o saxon_n make_v on_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v send_v for_o over_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o come_v litoris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la per_fw-la britanniam_fw-la appoint_v to_o secure_v the_o coast_n from_o the_o saxon_n and_o that_o gildas_n therefore_o wonder_v the_o britain_n shall_v send_v for_o the_o saxon_n of_o who_o they_o be_v so_o much_o afraid_a before_o and_o when_o the_o roman_a force_n be_v withdraw_v no_o doubt_n they_o do_v more_o bold_o and_o frequent_o disturb_v they_o beside_o ult_n constantius_n say_v in_o st._n german_n life_n that_o he_o succeed_v st._n amator_fw-la in_o his_o see_n and_o continue_v therein_o thirty_o year_n and_o twenty_o five_o day_n but_o st._n amator_fw-la die_v anno_fw-la dom._n 418._o as_o our_o learned_a 382._o primate_n have_v prove_v because_o the_o calends_o of_o may_n on_o which_o he_o die_v be_v that_o year_n as_o constantius_n say_v the_o four_o day_n of_o the_o week_n which_o agree_v to_o 418._o if_o it_o be_v say_v that_o this_o passage_n of_o asserius_fw-la be_v mean_v of_o a_o elder_a gildas_n call_v gildas_n albanius_n who_o life_n the_o same_o excellent_a antiquary_n suppose_v to_o be_v write_v by_o caradoc_n of_o lancarvan_n i_o answer_v that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o fix_v the_o time_n in_o his_o chronological_a index_n he_o do_v overthrow_v his_o own_o supposition_n for_o caradoc_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n make_v gildas_n contemporary_a with_o king_n arthur_n and_o he_o be_v say_v by_o he_o to_o be_v bear_v anno_fw-la dom._n 493._o and_o therefore_o caradoc_n gildas_n can_v be_v no_o elder_a than_o the_o gildas_n badonicus_n although_o therefore_o the_o want_n of_o skill_n may_v make_v caradoc_n set_v his_o gildas_n elder_a than_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v do_v yet_o whosoever_o will_v compare_v that_o life_n publish_v by_o joh._n à _fw-la bosco_n with_o the_o other_o by_o caradoc_n will_v find_v that_o they_o be_v design_v for_o the_o same_o person_n and_o therefore_o leland_n with_o far_o more_o judgement_n mention_n but_o one_o gildas_n but_o bale_n and_o pit_n make_v more_o but_o it_o be_v their_o vanity_n to_o multiply_v author_n as_o well_o as_o book_n st._n kentigern_n be_v baptize_v assoon_o as_o he_o be_v bear_v by_o seruanus_n one_o of_o the_o disciple_n of_o palladius_n who_o mission_n have_v the_o same_o date_n with_o the_o first_o come_v of_o st._n germanus_n and_o lupus_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a that_o st._n german_n shall_v see_v the_o order_n of_o gildas_n and_o kentigern_n much_o less_o those_o of_o melkin_n and_o nennius_n who_o age_n fall_v so_o far_o short_a of_o the_o other_o but_o although_o st._n german_n being_n at_o oxford_n can_v be_v prove_v by_o such_o obscure_a and_o incoherent_a passage_n as_o this_o yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o by_o the_o evidence_n already_o produce_v he_o do_v take_v care_n to_o advance_v learning_n and_o piety_n in_o the_o british_a church_n wheresoever_o he_o come_v both_o which_o be_v fall_v very_o much_o to_o decay_v upon_o the_o irruption_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n while_o the_o roman_a empire_n flourish_v there_o be_v care_n take_v for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o learning_n especial_o in_o great_a city_n at_o rome_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o valentinian_n we_o may_v see_v the_o order_n then_o make_v for_o regulation_n of_o student_n there_o as_o for_o enter_v their_o name_n who_o come_v thither_o out_o of_o the_o several_a province_n by_o the_o magister_n census_n with_o the_o testimonial_n from_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n of_o the_o place_n of_o their_o birth_n and_o quality_n who_o then_o be_v to_o declare_v what_o study_v they_o design_v to_o follow_v and_o a_o account_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o their_o lodging_n and_o particular_a officer_n be_v appoint_v call_v censuales_fw-la to_o make_v a_o inspection_n into_o their_o life_n that_o they_o do_v avoid_v all_o club_n call_v there_o consociation_n or_o frequent_a appear_v at_o the_o sport_n or_o affect_v unseasonable_a and_o public_a entertainment_n if_o any_o be_v find_v faulty_a they_o be_v to_o be_v chastise_v and_o send_v away_o home_n but_o none_o be_v permit_v to_o stay_v after_o twenty_o at_o rome_n and_o a_o account_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v take_v monthly_o and_o give_v in_o to_o the_o praefectus_fw-la vrbis_fw-la and_o return_v to_o the_o emperor_n every_o year_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o 370._o constitution_n itself_o in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n by_o which_o we_o find_v that_o rome_n itself_o be_v then_o the_o chief_a university_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o which_o student_n resort_v from_o all_o the_o province_n and_o the_o emperor_n think_v it_o not_o below_o his_o cognizance_n to_o have_v notice_n send_v he_o of_o the_o number_n quality_n and_o behaviour_n of_o the_o student_n but_o lest_o the_o splendour_n and_o vanity_n of_o rome_n shall_v tempt_v they_o to_o forsake_v the_o service_n of_o their_o country_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o stay_v there_o after_o twenty_o year_n of_o age_n for_o then_o not_o have_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o language_n to_o conquer_v which_o they_o be_v use_v to_o while_n child_n at_o fifteen_o they_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v instruct_v in_o other_o study_n and_o five_o or_o six_o year_n be_v all_o the_o time_n this_o law_n allow_v they_o to_o prosecute_v they_o under_o the_o master_n at_o rome_n where_o beside_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o private_a teacher_n in_o that_o vast_a city_n there_o be_v public_a professor_n appoint_v who_o have_v their_o school_n within_o the_o area_n of_o the_o capitol_n which_o be_v call_v auditoria_fw-la publica_fw-la as_o we_o may_v reasonable_o infer_v from_o the_o 53._o constitution_n of_o theodosius_n where_o the_o exedrae_n of_o the_o portico_n of_o the_o capitol_n at_o constantinople_n be_v appoint_v to_o make_v auditoria_fw-la for_o the_o public_a professor_n there_o and_o constantinople_n follow_v the_o pattern_n at_o rome_n these_o exedrae_n be_v as_o 2._o vitruvius_n describe_v they_o place_n of_o capacity_n within_o the_o portico_n with_o seat_n round_o in_o which_o the_o rhetorician_n and_o other_o be_v wont_a to_o discourse_v or_o according_a to_o 3._o cicero_n they_o be_v cellae_n ad_fw-la colloquendum_fw-la aut_fw-la meridiandum_fw-la such_o as_o crassus_n have_v at_o tusculum_n and_o cotta_n at_o rome_n where_o those_o great_a man_n be_v wont_a to_o sit_v for_o their_o diversion_n and_o discourse_n with_o each_o other_o and_o the_o greek_a glossary_n render_v exedra_fw-la a_o school_n such_o a_o one_o 17._o strabo_n describe_v in_o the_o musaeum_fw-la at_o alexandria_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o walk_n a_o exedra_fw-la and_o a_o great_a house_n where_o the_o learned_a man_n do_v all_o live_a and_o eat_v together_o
first_o settle_v of_o the_o scot_n in_o britain_n to_o be_v that_o under_o reuda_n 11._o but_o he_o mention_n their_o annal_n for_o fergus_n the_o son_n of_o ferchard_n before_o reuda_n and_o rether_o and_o ryddesdale_n as_o it_o be_v in_o fordon_n but_o he_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o pict_n scot_n and_o britain_n to_o be_v distinct_a in_o caesar_n time_n and_o that_o they_o all_o join_v against_o he_o and_o so_o relate_v fordon'_v story_n to_o the_o time_n of_o fergus_n ii_o but_o between_o the_o two_o ferguss_n he_o make_v but_o 15_o king_n and_o 700_o year_n 1._o hector_n boethius_n before_o he_o begin_v the_o tradition_n of_o gathelus_n very_o ingenuous_o confess_v that_o their_o nation_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o nation_n therein_o make_v themselves_o the_o offspring_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o egyptian_n and_o so_o he_o tell_v all_o the_o story_n from_o gathelus_n as_o fordon_n have_v do_v only_o here_o and_o there_o make_v addition_n and_o embellishment_n of_o his_o own_o as_o when_o he_o derive_v the_o brigantes_n from_o brigantia_n in_o spain_n when_o he_o set_v down_o the_o deliberation_n about_o the_o form_n of_o government_n upon_o fergus_n his_o come_n to_o scotland_n and_o the_o speech_n of_o fergus_n and_o the_o king_n of_o the_o pict_n the_o death_n of_o coilus_n king_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o enter_v the_o fundamental_a contract_n of_o the_o scot_n with_o the_o posterity_n of_o fergus_n in_o marble_n table_n in_o the_o way_n of_o hieroglyphic_n the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o partition_n make_v by_o seven_o and_o the_o division_n of_o the_o tribe_n the_o bring_v the_o silures_n ordovices_n camelodunum_n as_o well_o as_o the_o brigantes_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o scotland_n these_o be_v the_o proper_a invention_n of_o hector_n unless_o he_o have_v they_o from_o his_o spaniard_n veremundus_n which_o no_o one_o can_v tell_v but_o himself_o thence_o leland_n and_o fin_n lluyd_v charge_v he_o with_o innumerable_a falsehood_n 175._o dempster_n confess_v that_o buchanan_n frequent_o chastise_v he_o but_o he_o will_v have_v it_o rather_o on_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n than_o learning_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o he_o own_v he_o mistake_v and_o fin_n vanity_n only_o he_o charge_v lluyd_v with_o as_o great_a on_o behalf_n of_o the_o britain_n in_o the_o second_o book_n hector_n enlarge_v more_o for_o 12._o fordon_n pass_v on_o from_o fergus_n to_o rether_o or_o bede'_v reuda_n have_v nothing_o to_o say_v but_o hector_n acquaint_v we_o with_o the_o contest_v about_o the_o regency_n upon_o fergus_n his_o death_n and_o the_o law_n then_o make_v concern_v it_o the_o attempt_n of_o resignation_n of_o feritharis_n to_o ferlegus_n the_o son_n of_o fergus_n and_o his_o imprisonment_n upon_o it_o the_o death_n of_o feritharis_n after_o fifteen_o year_n reign_n the_o flight_n of_o ferlegus_n into_o britain_n with_o the_o choice_n of_o main_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o be_v king_n his_o good_a government_n and_o annual_a progress_n for_o justice_n through_o all_o place_n of_o his_o dominion_n his_o appoint_v circle_n of_o great_a stone_n for_o temple_n and_o one_o in_o the_o middle_n for_o the_o altar_n and_o the_o monthly_a worship_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n and_o several_a egyptian_a sacrifice_n which_o one_o will_v have_v think_v have_v be_v more_o proper_a for_o gathelus_n himself_o with_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o son_n dornadil_n his_o make_v the_o law_n of_o hunt_v which_o be_v still_o observe_v there_o and_o of_o his_o brother_n nothatus_n his_o son_n reuther_n be_v a_o infant_n who_o come_v in_o by_o the_o law_n of_o regency_n say_v hector_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n say_v buchanan_n but_o in_o truth_n by_o neither_o for_o all_o this_o succession_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o product_n of_o hector_n fruitful_a invention_n which_o buchanan_n follow_v without_o authority_n as_o he_o do_v in_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o race_n of_o king_n from_o reuther_n to_o fergus_n ii_o to_o make_v way_n for_o bede_n account_n of_o reuda_n come_v into_o those_o part_n of_o britain_n this_o reuther_n be_v force_v back_o into_o ireland_n from_o whence_o he_o be_v say_v to_o return_v with_o new_a supply_n after_o twelve_o year_n from_o who_o the_o scot_n be_v then_o call_v dalreudini_n but_o this_o return_n of_o reuther_n hector_n place_n in_o the_o year_n before_o christ_n 204._o and_o after_o he_o reutha_n his_o kinsman_n in_o who_o time_n hector_n relate_v a_o embassy_n from_o ptolemy_n philadelphus_n to_o he_o and_o the_o account_n of_o scotland_n which_o he_o begin_v in_o a_o large_a volume_n for_o his_o satisfaction_n which_o be_v after_o finish_v by_o ptolemy_n the_o cosmographer_n this_o buchanan_n have_v the_o wit_n to_o leave_v out_o and_o even_o 1065._o dempster_n himself_o though_o he_o mention_n he_o for_o a_o writer_n of_o their_o history_n and_o so_o he_o do_v the_o voyage_n of_o the_o two_o spanish_a philosopher_n in_o the_o time_n of_o josina_n and_o their_o preach_v against_o the_o egyptian_a worship_n in_o scotland_n but_o lesly_n have_v it_o and_o if_o buchanan_n have_v believe_v it_o he_o will_v have_v set_v it_o down_o as_o well_o as_o josina_n bring_v physic_n and_o chirurgery_n into_o so_o much_o request_n that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o noble_a man_n that_o can_v not_o practice_v the_o latter_a and_o yet_o hector_n declare_v immediate_o after_o the_o story_n of_o the_o philosopher_n that_o hitherto_o he_o have_v follow_v veremundus_n john_n campbell_n and_o cornelius_n hibernitus_fw-la the_o most_o approve_a author_n of_o their_o history_n it_o will_v have_v be_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o world_n if_o any_o other_o person_n have_v see_v these_o author_n beside_o fordon_n never_o mention_n they_o and_o yet_o he_o use_v great_a diligence_n to_o search_v their_o antiquity_n and_o if_o 6._o dempster_n may_v be_v believe_v have_v the_o sight_n of_o their_o most_o ancient_a mss._n buchanan_n pass_v they_o over_o dempster_n name_v they_o on_o the_o authority_n of_o hector_n what_o become_v of_o these_o great_a author_n after_o hector_n time_n do_v he_o destroy_v they_o as_o some_o say_v polydore_v virgil_n do_v some_o of_o we_o after_o he_o have_v use_v they_o but_o this_o be_v madness_n to_o quote_v their_o authority_n and_o destroy_v the_o author_n for_o these_o be_v his_o voucher_n which_o ought_v most_o careful_o to_o have_v be_v preserve_v and_o in_o truth_n hector_n himself_o give_v no_o very_a consistent_a account_n of_o his_o author_n for_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o james_n 5._o he_o mention_n veremundus_n archdeacon_n of_o st._n andrew_n who_o deduce_v the_o scotish_n history_n from_o the_o original_a to_o malcolm_n iii_o and_o turgott_n bishop_n of_o st._n andrew_n and_o john_n campbell_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o island_n jona_n to_o who_o he_o add_v a_o anonymous_n author_n and_o the_o imperfect_a history_n of_o william_n elphinston_n bishop_n of_o aberdeen_n but_o say_v he_o if_o any_o ask_v such_o a_o material_a question_n how_o come_v these_o author_n to_o be_v see_v no_o where_o else_o he_o answer_v that_o edw._n i._n destroy_v all_o their_o monument_n of_o antiquity_n so_o that_o have_v not_o those_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o island_n jona_n with_o the_o chest_n of_o book_n which_o fergus_n ii_o bring_v from_o the_o sack_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o time_n of_o alaric_n they_o have_v be_v able_a to_o give_v no_o account_n of_o their_o antiquity_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o hector_n never_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o any_o ancient_a author_n of_o their_o history_n but_o such_o as_o be_v convey_v to_o he_o from_o the_o island_n jona._n but_o in_o his_o 118._o seven_o book_n where_o he_o give_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n of_o those_o book_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o from_o thence_o he_o only_o mention_n some_o break_a fragment_n of_o latin_a author_n but_o who_o they_o be_v where_o write_a whence_o they_o come_v he_o know_v not_o and_o as_o to_o their_o own_o history_n he_o name_v indeed_o veremundus_n and_o elphinston_n and_o no_o more_o the_o latter_a he_o say_v before_o be_v imperfect_a and_o late_o do_v so_o that_o the_o whole_a credit_n of_o hector_n antiquity_n rest_v entire_o upon_o veremundus_n for_o here_o he_o never_o take_v notice_n of_o campbell_n or_o cornelius_n hibernicus_n but_o he_o say_v edw._n i._n have_v destroy_v all_o their_o antiquity_n but_o such_o as_o be_v preserve_v in_o the_o island_n jona_n or_o hy._n and_o be_v this_o now_o a_o good_a foundation_n to_o build_v a_o history_n upon_o for_o be_v it_o not_o very_o strange_a that_o no_o one_o copy_n of_o veremundus_n shall_v be_v hear_v of_o since_o that_o time_n when_o there_o be_v several_a of_o fordon_n not_o only_o there_o but_o in_o our_o library_n some_o with_o the_o inlargement_n and_o some_o without_o but_o if_o our_o king_n
that_o bede_n vary_v from_o gildas_n without_o reason_n for_o what_o gildas_n speak_v of_o their_o departure_n with_o maximus_n he_o apply_v to_o the_o go_v of_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o british_a force_n under_o constantinus_n and_o constans_n after_o gratianus_n municeps_fw-la be_v kill_v in_o britain_n have_v usurp_v the_o empire_n here_o but_o that_o bede_n be_v herein_o mistake_v will_v best_o appear_v by_o digest_v the_o time_n wherein_o these_o thing_n happen_v as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v 6._o zosimus_n say_v that_o honorius_n vii_o and_o theodosius_n ii_o being_n consul_n viz._n a.d._n 407._o nineteen_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o maximus_n as_o 591._o archbishop_n usher_n observe_v 80._o olympiodorus_n in_o photius_n say_v the_o year_n before_o orosius_n and_o sozomen_n the_o year_n after_o viz._n the_o year_n when_o arcadius_n die_v the_o british_a soldier_n in_o a_o mutiny_n set_v up_o one_o marcus_n to_o be_v emperor_n as_o a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n in_o these_o part_n but_o he_o not_o answer_v their_o expectation_n they_o soon_o take_v he_o off_o and_o then_o set_v up_o gratianus_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o britain_n for_o so_o much_o 40._o orosius_n his_o word_n imply_v when_o he_o say_v he_o be_v municeps_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la insulae_fw-la and_o make_v he_o put_v on_o the_o royal_a purple_a and_o crown_n etc._n etc._n but_o he_o not_o please_v they_o after_o four_o month_n they_o take_v away_o his_o life_n 24._o of_o he_o nennius_n say_v nothing_o but_o he_o mention_n one_o severus_n between_o maximus_n and_o constantius_n who_o other_o omit_v but_o 4._o geffrey_n make_v gratianus_n to_o assume_v the_o royal_a authority_n assoon_o as_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o maximus_n but_o he_o be_v so_o tyrannical_a he_o say_v that_o the_o common_a people_n rise_v up_o and_o kill_v he_o and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o britain_n according_a to_o he_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o beg_v help_n against_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n but_o zosimus_n and_o orosius_n both_o say_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o gratianus_n they_o set_v up_o here_o constantine_n a_o mean_a person_n for_o the_o good_a omen_n of_o his_o name_n say_v orosius_n who_o immediate_o leave_v britain_n and_o pass_v over_o into_o gaul_n where_o he_o gain_v the_o army_n to_o he_o and_o make_v his_o son_n constans_n caesar_n and_o send_v he_o into_o spain_n olympiodorus_n say_v that_o he_o send_v a_o message_n and_o excuse_v to_o honorius_n for_o assume_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o it_o by_o the_o army_n and_o that_o honorius_n allow_v the_o excuse_n and_o for_o a_o time_n admit_v he_o into_o partnership_n with_o he_o but_o gerontius_n a_o britain_n one_o of_o the_o general_n find_v himself_o slight_v by_o constans_n make_v a_o revolt_n among_o his_o soldier_n and_o stir_v up_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n in_o gaul_n against_o constantine_n upon_o which_o occasion_n say_v zosimus_n the_o british_a island_n and_o some_o of_o the_o celtic_a nation_n renounce_v the_o roman_a empire_n and_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o honorius_n by_o his_o letter_n give_v they_o leave_v to_o take_v care_n of_o themselves_o not_o long_o after_o constans_n be_v kill_v by_o gerontius_n and_o constantine_n after_o the_o siege_n of_o arles_n have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o by_o 80._o honorius_n his_o order_n but_o 25._o nennius_n against_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a historian_n both_o heathen_a and_o christian_n say_v that_o this_o constantine_n reign_v 16_o year_n in_o britain_n and_o in_o the_o seventeen_o die_v at_o york_n however_o he_o fall_v much_o short_a of_o 6._o geffrey_n for_o he_o say_v that_o constantine_n be_v brother_n to_o aldroenus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o aremorican_a britain_n to_o who_o guithelin_n metropolitan_a of_o london_n be_v send_v on_o a_o embassy_n to_o accept_v the_o government_n which_o he_o put_v off_o to_o constantine_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n at_o silcester_n and_o have_v a_o roman_a wife_n of_o guithelin_n be_v education_n by_o who_o he_o have_v three_o son_n constans_n a_o monk_n at_o winchester_n aurelius_n ambrose_n and_o uther_n pendragon_n who_o be_v commit_v to_o guithelin_n be_v care_n after_o constantine_n be_v death_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o a_o pict_n there_o happen_v a_o great_a contest_v about_o the_o succession_n but_o by_o vortigern_n be_v mean_n constans_n be_v take_v from_o the_o monastery_n and_o set_v on_o the_o throne_n at_o london_n but_o guithelin_n be_v now_o dead_a and_o vortigern_n put_v the_o diadem_n on_o his_o head_n who_o govern_v all_o thing_n and_o soon_o get_v himself_o rid_v of_o he_o by_o a_o guard_n of_o pict_n he_o have_v place_v about_o he_o and_o so_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o himself_o but_o i_o shall_v set_v aside_o these_o fiction_n or_o tradition_n of_o geffrey_n and_o nennius_n and_o consider_v now_o what_o bede_n say_v he_o make_v gratianus_n municeps_fw-la to_o be_v set_v up_o two_o year_n before_o the_o sack_n of_o rome_n by_o alaric_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o happen_v anno_fw-la dom._n 410._o and_o he_o follow_v orosius_n about_o constantine_n and_o his_o son_n constans_n without_o ever_o imagine_v their_o continue_n to_o govern_v and_o lose_v their_o life_n in_o britain_n but_o then_o he_o apply_v the_o passage_n in_o gildas_n concern_v the_o lamentable_a condition_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o their_o help_n from_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o time_n after_o the_o death_n of_o constantine_n whereas_o gildas_n mention_n both_o upon_o the_o usurpation_n of_o maximus_n and_o his_o withdraw_v the_o force_n from_o hence_o and_o therefore_o this_o first_o cruel_a invasion_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n must_v be_v between_o the_o death_n of_o maximus_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o gratianus_n municeps_fw-la and_o then_o the_o britain_n so_o earnest_o beg_v for_o assistence_n have_v roman_a governor_n and_o force_n send_v to_o their_o relief_n some_o think_v that_o 500_o claudius_n rutilius_n mention_n victorinus_n as_o a_o roman_a governovor_n here_o in_o that_o time_n but_o this_o be_v uncertain_a when_o he_o there_o speak_v of_o the_o take_a tholouse_n by_o the_o goth_n which_o be_v do_v by_o ataulphus_n some_o time_n after_o the_o death_n of_o alaric_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o be_v before_o the_o time_n of_o gratian_n and_o constantine_n for_o idatius_n say_v that_o this_o latter_a be_v kill_v before_o ataulphus_n enter_v narbon_n which_o be_v before_o the_o take_n of_o tholouse_n it_o be_v evident_a from_o many_o passage_n in_o 2._o claudian_n that_o stilicho_n take_v particular_a care_n of_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o britain_n against_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n but_o stilicho_n be_v kill_v by_o the_o army_n when_o bassus_n and_o philippus_n be_v consul_n anno_fw-la dom._n 408._o before_o the_o first_o siege_n of_o rome_n by_o the_o goth_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_a force_n send_v by_o he_o be_v before_o the_o usurpation_n of_o gratianus_n and_o constantine_n stilicho_n be_v kill_v the_o same_o year_n that_o these_o be_v set_v up_o in_o britain_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a he_o shall_v do_v it_o after_o their_o death_n and_o it_o seem_v not_o probable_a that_o any_o supply_n shall_v be_v send_v through_o gaul_n while_o constantine_n remain_v there_o the_o army_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v in_o gaul_n take_v part_n with_o constantine_n against_o honorius_n and_o withal_o gildas_n say_v that_o the_o roman_a legion_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n return_v in_o triumph_n to_o rome_n and_o so_o much_o be_v confess_v by_o bede_n but_o at_o what_o time_n shall_v we_o suppose_v after_o the_o usurpation_n of_o constantine_n that_o a_o roman_a legion_n shall_v return_v in_o so_o much_o triumph_n for_o after_o constantine_n usurpation_n the_o roman_a empire_n begin_v to_o decline_v extreme_o in_o those_o part_n through_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pass_v gaul_n be_v upon_o composition_n 412._o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o goth_n by_o honorius_n and_o the_o frank_n and_o burgundian_n make_v continual_a impression_n there_o i_o conclude_v it_o therefore_o most_o probable_a that_o the_o first_o supply_v give_v to_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o after_o constantine_n usurpation_n but_o between_o the_o death_n of_o maximus_n and_o the_o set_n up_o of_o gratianus_n municeps_fw-la the_o second_o time_n the_o distress_a britain_n be_v force_v to_o solicit_v the_o roman_n for_o supply_n be_v place_v by_o 603._o archbishop_n usher_n an._n dom._n 426._o when_o gallio_n ravenna_n be_v send_v hither_o as_o he_o suppose_v because_o the_o next_o year_n prosper_n say_v gallio_n be_v send_v against_o bonifacius_n in_o africa_n but_o then_o he_o make_v the_o first_o supply_n to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o honorius_n for_o which_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n for_o he_o grant_v 594._o
consider_v it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o saxon_n before_o that_o time_n be_v come_v near_o to_o the_o rhine_n and_o so_o have_v great_a conveniency_n of_o remove_v themselves_o over_o in_o such_o great_a number_n into_o britain_n as_o they_o do_v upon_o vortigern_n invitation_n and_o the_o discontent_n which_o soon_o happen_v between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o britain_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o those_o who_o enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o saxon_n do_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o difference_n in_o their_o situation_n agreeable_a to_o what_o bede_n say_v for_o 11._o reinerus_n reineccius_n a_o learned_a german_a antiquary_n say_v the_o saxon_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o sort_n the_o ostvali_n or_o the_o eastern_a saxon_n who_o the_o old_a saxon_a poet_n call_v osterlingi_n who_o limit_n extend_v he_o say_v as_o far_o as_o the_o slavi_n i._n e._n beyond_o the_o river_n elb_n the_o westvali_n who_o bound_n he_o say_v come_v very_o near_o the_o rhine_n and_o between_o these_o he_o say_v be_v the_o angarii_fw-la just_a as_o bede_n put_v his_o angli_fw-la between_o the_o jute_n and_o the_o saxon_n inter_fw-la praedictos_fw-la media_fw-la region_fw-la morantur_fw-la angarii_fw-la populus_fw-la saxonum_n tertius_fw-la if_o this_o division_n of_o the_o saxon_n be_v allow_v we_o have_v here_o scope_n enough_o for_o all_o those_o people_n to_o live_v in_o who_o come_v over_o into_o britain_n and_o number_n enough_o to_o come_v hither_o and_o yet_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o place_n desolate_a whence_o they_o come_v and_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o the_o northern_a nation_n thrust_v one_o another_o forward_o for_o a_o great_a conveniency_n of_o live_v those_o saxon_n who_o live_v about_o holstein_n may_v come_v into_o westphaliae_fw-la and_o so_o be_v near_o to_o the_o rhine_n the_o angli_fw-la come_v into_o the_o place_n where_o the_o angrivarii_n be_v seat_v and_o the_o most_o remote_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o chersonese_n will_v then_o be_v the_o osterling_n or_o the_o eastern_a saxon_n this_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n seem_v to_o i_o the_o most_o probable_a way_n of_o reconcile_a what_o bede_n say_v with_o the_o circumstance_n of_o those_o time_n and_o with_o the_o frisian_n come_v in_o together_o with_o the_o saxon_n which_o he_o elsewhere_o express_o affirm_v as_o be_v already_o show_v as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n come_v into_o britain_n in_o the_o common_a print_a copy_n of_o bede_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la dom._n 409._o and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o the_o late_a edition_n by_o chiffletius_n out_o of_o the_o old_a ms._n of_o s._n maximin_n at_o trier_n but_o that_o can_v be_v true_a because_o martianus_n be_v say_v to_o be_v emperor_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o in_o the_o chronology_n at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o edition_n it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la dom._n 449._o to_o which_o mr._n wheelock_n ms._n agree_v and_o asserius_fw-la menevensis_fw-la in_o his_o annal_n which_o be_v follow_v by_o fabius_n ethelwerd_v the_o old_a saxon_a annal_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n henry_n huntingdon_n matth._n westminster_n and_o other_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n who_o general_o follow_v marianus_n scotus_n place_n it_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n valentinianus_n and_o avienus_n consul_n but_o according_a to_o marianus_n scotus_n in_o the_o basil_n edition_n they_o be_v consul_n the_o year_n before_o martianus_n be_v emperor_n and_o he_o make_v their_o come_n in_o to_o have_v be_v when_o herculanus_n and_o asporatius_fw-la be_v consul_n anno_fw-la dom._n 453._o but_o archbishop_n 405._o usher_n say_v that_o appear_v by_o the_o fasti_fw-la to_o have_v be_v anno_fw-la dom._n 452._o or_o the_o second_o of_o martianus_n by_o cassiodore_n two_o character_n of_o the_o time_n be_v certain_a viz._n that_o it_o be_v after_o the_o three_o consulship_n of_o aêtius_n and_o the_o death_n of_o theodosius_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v mr._n 95._o camden_n shall_v so_o confident_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v before_o anno_fw-la dom._n 449._o but_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n he_o go_v upon_o which_o must_v be_v consider_v first_o that_o vortigern_n be_v death_n be_v before_o st._n german_n be_v return_v but_o st._n german_a die_v anno_fw-la dom._n 435._o and_o therefore_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o saxon_n must_v be_v some_o time_n before_o as_o to_o vortigern_n death_n before_o st._n german_n return_n he_o produce_v only_o the_o testimony_n of_o nennius_n who_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o vortigern_n do_v romance_n so_o much_o that_o even_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v ashamed_a to_o follow_v he_o but_o as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o st._n german_n death_n there_o be_v very_a convince_a argument_n to_o prove_v camden_n mistake_v 112._o honoratus_n in_o the_o life_n of_o hilary_n bishop_n of_o arles_n mention_n st._n german_a as_o present_v when_o chelidonius_n be_v depose_v by_o hilary_n in_o his_o visitation_n which_o 79._o sirmondus_n place_v not_o without_o reason_n anno_fw-la dom._n 444._o as_o appear_v by_o the_o epistle_n of_o leo_n and_o the_o rescript_n of_o valentinian_n upon_o chelidonius_n his_o appeal_n which_o bear_v date_n anno_fw-la dom._n 445._o but_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o considerable_a 21._o bede_n say_v that_o after_o his_o second_o return_n he_o go_v on_o a_o embassy_n to_o ravenna_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v by_o valentinian_n and_o placidia_n and_o there_o die_v and_o not_o long_o after_o valentinian_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o six_o of_o martianus_n and_o therefore_o st._n german_n death_n can_v not_o be_v so_o soon_o as_o mr._n camden_n suppose_v add_v to_o this_o that_o constantius_n in_o his_o life_n of_o st._n german_n say_v that_o he_o sit_v thirty_o year_n after_o st._n amator_fw-la in_o his_o see_n who_o die_v anno_fw-la dom._n 418._o but_o the_o sammarthani_n say_v anno_fw-la dom._n 420._o as_o to_o the_o testimony_n of_o prosper_n tiro_n who_o say_v that_o britain_n be_v bring_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o saxon_n the_o 18_o the_o of_o theodosius_n it_o plain_o contradict_v gildas_n for_o this_o be_v before_o the_o three_o consulship_n of_o aêtius_n which_o be_v five_o year_n after_o and_o in_o matter_n of_o the_o british_a history_n gildas_n certain_o deserve_v the_o great_a credit_n suppose_v it_o be_v the_o true_a prosper_n his_o last_o argument_n be_v from_o the_o calculation_n at_o the_o end_n of_o nennius_n on_o which_o he_o lay_v the_o great_a weight_n which_o make_v their_o come_n in_o to_o be_v when_o felix_n and_o taurus_n be_v consul_n which_o agree_v with_o anno_fw-la dom._n 428._o but_o this_o be_v near_o twenty_o year_n before_o the_o three_o consulship_n of_o aêtius_n when_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o yet_o in_o despair_n of_o assistence_n from_o the_o roman_n before_o which_o they_o never_o seek_v for_o the_o saxon_n and_o i_o confess_v the_o authority_n of_o gildas_n and_o bede_n with_o the_o series_n of_o the_o british_a and_o roman_a affair_n at_o that_o time_n sway_n much_o more_o with_o i_o than_o such_o a_o anonymous_n calculation_n it_o be_v a_o strange_a mistake_n of_o 143._o hadrianus_n valesius_fw-la to_o make_v vortigern_n king_n of_o the_o angle_n who_o be_v hire_v to_o assist_v the_o britain_n but_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o word_n in_o 14._o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o it_o which_o have_v be_v easy_o prevent_v by_o look_v into_o bede_n and_o so_o have_v another_o mistake_n in_o the_o same_o place_n viz._n that_o only_o the_o angle_n and_o not_o the_o saxon_n be_v invite_v over_o for_o bede_n say_v express_o that_o the_o britain_n with_o their_o king_n vortigern_n agree_v to_o send_v for_o the_o saxon_n but_o it_o be_v a_o three_o mistake_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o saxon_n before_o this_o time_n have_v a_o part_n of_o the_o island_n near_o to_o the_o pict_n which_o he_o prove_v from_o the_o word_n of_o constantius_n as_o to_o their_o join_n with_o the_o pict_n in_o one_o of_o their_o battle_n but_o the_o saxon_n do_v frequent_o make_v incursion_n before_o and_o in_o one_o of_o they_o may_v join_v with_o the_o other_o enemy_n of_o the_o britain_n which_o be_v a_o very_a different_a thing_n from_o inhabit_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o we_o have_v no_o evidence_n that_o they_o do_v till_o they_o be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o britain_n the_o saxon_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o invitation_n from_o the_o britain_n be_v unwilling_a to_o let_v slip_n so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n of_o come_v into_o that_o land_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o prince_n and_o people_n who_o shore_n they_o have_v so_o long_o infest_a 14._o bede_n say_v there_o be_v a_o particular_a providence_n of_o god_n in_o it_o to_o make_v they_o the_o scourge_v of_o the_o people_n wickedness_n 23._o gildas_n impute_v it_o to_o mere_a sottishness_n and_o infatuation_n 28._o nennius_n intimate_v
by_o hengist_n and_o esca_fw-la his_o son_n which_o he_o place_v anno_fw-la dom._n 473._o when_o he_o say_v the_o britain_n flee_v from_o the_o saxon_n as_o from_o fire_n 1._o fabius_n ethelwerd_n agree_v with_o the_o saxon_a annal_n and_o florentius_n in_o these_o particular_n and_o so_o do_v asserius_fw-la in_o his_o mss._n annal_n as_o to_o vortigern_n fight_v with_o hengist_n wherein_o they_o very_o much_o differ_v from_o the_o british_a tradition_n but_o after_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o british_a history_n by_o geffrey_n the_o monkish_a historian_n general_o follow_v that_o as_o to_o the_o success_n of_o these_o battle_n and_o as_o to_o the_o treachery_n use_v towards_o vortigern_n by_o hengist_n upon_o salisbury_n plain_n near_a ambresbury_n where_o it_o be_v say_v by_o geffrey_n that_o the_o saxon_n kill_v 470_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n under_o a_o pretence_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n 49._o nennius_n say_v but_o 300_o and_o that_o vortigern_n be_v then_o take_v and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v estsex_n suthsex_n and_o middlesex_n for_o his_o redemption_n this_o story_n pass_v for_o current_n among_o the_o monk_n and_o our_o late_a collector_n of_o english_a history_n and_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o add_v most_o weight_n to_o it_o be_v that_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n relate_v it_o but_o he_o report_v it_o much_o as_o he_o find_v it_o in_o nennius_n only_a enlarge_n on_o the_o drink_a part_n that_o go_v before_o the_o massacre_n but_o when_o i_o find_v the_o same_o story_n in_o effect_n in_o 1._o witikindus_n between_o the_o saxon_n and_o the_o thuringer_n and_o the_o very_a same_o word_n give_v nem_fw-la et_fw-la eour_n seax_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v one_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o other_o but_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o disingenuity_n of_o 142._o verstegan_n who_o lay_v this_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o thuringer_n whereas_o witikindus_n not_o only_o say_v the_o saxon_n do_v it_o but_o add_v that_o the_o saxon_n strike_v terror_n into_o their_o neighbour_n by_o it_o and_o say_v they_o be_v think_v to_o have_v their_o name_n from_o it_o as_o verstegan_n himself_o think_v which_o be_v ridiculous_a unless_o the_o seax_n belong_v to_o the_o saxon_n all_o the_o certainty_n we_o have_v as_o to_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o proceed_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n be_v what_o 24._o gildas_n relate_v which_o be_v very_o tragical_a viz._n that_o all_o the_o city_n and_o church_n be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o western_a ocean_n the_o inhabitant_n destroy_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n of_o house_n and_o altar_n which_o be_v defile_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o slay_a in_o which_o horrible_a devastation_n the_o ruler_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o priest_n suffer_v together_o with_o the_o common_a people_n so_o that_o he_o apply_v to_o this_o desolation_n the_o word_n of_o the_o psalmist_n they_o have_v cast_v fire_n into_o thy_o sanctuary_n they_o have_v defile_v by_o cast_v down_o the_o dwell_a place_n of_o thy_o name_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o o_o god_n the_o heathen_a be_v come_v into_o thy_o inheritance_n thy_o holy_a temple_n have_v they_o defile_v etc._n etc._n and_o 15._o bede_n say_v a_o fire_n be_v kindle_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o heathen_n which_o execute_v vengeance_n on_o god_n people_n for_o their_o sin_n not_o unlike_a that_o of_o the_o chaldean_n which_o burn_v jerusalemto_o the_o ground_n so_o here_o say_v he_o the_o wicked_a conqueror_n prevail_v or_o rather_o the_o just_a judge_n so_o dispose_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o continue_a flame_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o another_o all_o public_a and_o private_a building_n demolish_v the_o priest_n blood_n spill_v upon_o the_o altar_n the_o prelate_n and_o people_n destroy_v together_o by_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o no_o man_n dare_v to_o give_v they_o burial_n many_o of_o those_o that_o escape_v at_o present_a as_o 29._o gildas_n say_v have_v their_o throat_n cut_v and_o be_v throw_v on_o heap_n in_o the_o mountain_n or_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o slavery_n to_o avoid_v be_v famish_a and_o think_v it_o a_o favour_n to_o be_v present_o dispatch_v and_o other_o hide_v themselves_o among_o mountain_n and_o rock_n and_o wood_n to_o escape_v the_o fury_n of_o their_o enemy_n where_o they_o live_v in_o continual_a fear_n and_o other_o go_v over_o into_o foreign_a part_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o aremorican_a colony_n of_o britain_n as_o will_v appear_v afterward_o but_o that_o which_o prevent_v a_o total_a destruction_n of_o the_o britain_n now_o be_v that_o it_o seem_v both_o by_o 25._o gildas_n and_o 16._o bede_n the_o saxon_n have_v burn_v so_o many_o city_n and_o town_n and_o drive_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n into_o inaccessible_a place_n do_v go_v home_o for_o some_o time_n and_o in_o that_o interval_n the_o disperse_a britain_n gather_v together_o and_o after_o most_o earnest_a supplication_n to_o god_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v utter_o destroy_v they_o make_v choice_n of_o ambrose_n aurelianus_n as_o their_o king_n and_o under_o his_o conduct_n god_n be_v please_v to_o give_v they_o success_n and_o from_o that_o time_n say_v gildas_n now_o one_o party_n prevail_v and_o then_o another_o whereby_o god_n make_v a_o far_a trial_n of_o the_o britain_n whether_o they_o will_v love_v he_o or_o not_o to_o the_o battle_n on_o badon_n hill_n wherein_o the_o saxon_n suffer_v so_o great_a a_o loss_n which_o be_v forty_o four_o year_n after_o their_o first_o come_v hither_o as_o appear_v more_o plain_o by_o bede_n but_o gildas_n add_v even_o at_o this_o time_n their_o city_n be_v far_o from_o be_v inhabit_v as_o former_o and_o when_o their_o enemy_n give_v they_o respite_n they_o desperate_o quarrel_v among_o themselves_o so_o that_o we_o have_v here_o a_o conjunction_n of_o so_o much_o severity_n and_o patience_n such_o fear_n and_o hope_n and_o yet_o such_o defeat_n of_o these_o hope_n by_o their_o own_o folly_n and_o division_n as_o common_o forerun_v a_o church_n destruction_n and_o a_o people_n ruin_n this_o be_v the_o best_a and_o true_a account_n of_o the_o british_a affair_n from_o the_o saxon_n come_v till_o the_o government_n of_o ambrose_n by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o probability_n of_o nennius_n his_o tradition_n as_o to_o the_o particular_a conduct_n of_o the_o british_a affair_n under_o ambrose_n we_o have_v little_o more_o light_a than_o what_o tradition_n and_o conjecture_n give_v we_o however_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o lay_v together_o what_o we_o can_v find_v about_o they_o 45._o nennius_n say_v little_o more_o of_o he_o than_o that_o vortigern_n be_v afraid_a of_o he_o and_o afterward_o he_o confound_v he_o with_o merlin_n when_o he_o tell_v vortigern_n after_o the_o story_n of_o his_o be_v without_o a_o father_n that_o he_o conceal_v his_o father_n name_n out_o of_o fear_n but_o that_o his_o father_n be_v one_o of_o the_o roman_a consul_n and_o so_o vortigern_n give_v he_o the_o command_n of_o the_o western_a part_n of_o britain_n but_o 3._o geffrey_n give_v a_o more_o ample_a account_n of_o he_o not_o only_o that_o he_o be_v one_o of_o constantine_n son_n but_o that_o he_o understand_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o britain_n come_v over_o from_o aremorica_n with_o his_o brother_n uther_n pendragon_n and_o considerable_a force_n and_o after_o his_o revenge_n upon_o vortigern_n burn_v he_o in_o his_o castle_n he_o make_v the_o saxon_n to_o retire_v beyond_o humber_n through_o the_o terror_n of_o his_o name_n whither_o aurelius_n pursue_v they_o and_o overcome_v hengist_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n who_o flee_v to_o caer_n conan_n or_o conisburgh_n where_o they_o fight_v again_o and_o hengist_n be_v take_v by_o eldol_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o behead_v by_o he_o according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o eldad_n then_o bishop_n of_o gloucester_n 480._o matthew_n westminster_n transcribe_v these_o passage_n out_o of_o geffrey_n and_o put_v they_o to_o such_o year_n as_o he_o fancy_v but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o he_o make_v aurelius_n ambrose_n to_o have_v fight_v the_o battle_n at_o wippeds_n fleet_n with_o hengist_n and_o his_o son_n aesc_n 16_o year_n before_o this_o which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v seven_o year_n after_o his_o come_n into_o britain_n so_o that_o even_o matthew_n westminster_n dare_v not_o whole_o rely_v on_o geffrey_n relation_n but_o as_o to_o the_o death_n of_o hengist_n florentius_n say_v he_o die_v after_o he_o have_v reign_v in_o kent_n thirty_o four_o year_n and_o aesca_n succeed_v he_o anno_fw-la dom._n 488._o the_o saxon_a annal_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o hengist_n death_n but_o place_n aesc_n reign_n anno_fw-la dom._n 487._o 2._o henry_n of_o huntingdon_n say_v that_o hengist_n die_v the_o forty_o year_n after_o his_o come_n
into_o britain_n the_o 39th_o say_v william_n of_o malmsbury_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o mention_n any_o violent_a death_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o that_o after_o a_o victory_n by_o the_o britain_n under_o aurelius_n ambrose_n which_o be_v such_o circumstance_n they_o can_v not_o easy_o have_v omit_v if_o they_o have_v then_o hear_v of_o they_o but_o if_o they_o have_v hear_v of_o they_o and_o yet_o leave_v they_o out_o it_o be_v a_o shrewd_a sign_n they_o give_v no_o credit_n to_o they_o we_o be_v then_o to_o consider_v that_o geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n according_a to_o leland_n flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n i._n of_o king_n stephen_n say_v bale_n and_o pit_n but_o leland_n observe_v that_o he_o dedicate_v his_o translation_n of_o merlin_n to_o alexander_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n the_o same_o that_o be_v henry_n of_o huntingdon_n be_v patron_n and_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n dedicate_v his_o history_n to_o the_o same_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n son_n to_o henry_n i._o to_o who_o geffrey_n dedicate_v his_o translation_n of_o the_o british_a history_n who_o die_v 12_o of_o king_n stephen_n so_o that_o in_o all_o probability_n geffrey_n book_n be_v see_v by_o both_o these_o historian_n and_o since_o they_o do_v not_o follow_v he_o where_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v the_o same_o matter_n they_o plain_o discover_v they_o prefer_v nennius_n before_o he_o who_o both_o of_o they_o follow_v but_o it_o appear_v by_o h._n huntingdon_n he_o then_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o gildas_n but_o these_o two_o historian_n think_v it_o best_o for_o they_o to_o decline_v take_v any_o public_a notice_n of_o geffrey_n history_n it_o be_v so_o great_a a_o novelty_n then_o and_o probable_o enough_o in_o some_o esteem_n with_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n who_o father_n as_o 1._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la say_v have_v late_o subdue_v the_o britain_n in_o wales_n and_o such_o a_o history_n seem_v to_o add_v to_o his_o father_n glory_n but_o 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prince_n and_o great_a man_n together_o at_o york_n and_o give_v order_n for_o repair_v the_o church_n which_o the_o saxon_n destroy_v there_o be_v far_o great_a probability_n in_o it_o for_o after_o the_o battle_n at_o wippedsfleet_n which_o be_v seventeen_o year_n after_o the_o saxon_n come_v h._n huntingdon_n say_v thing_n remain_v quiet_a for_o a_o good_a while_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n and_o in_o that_o time_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o presume_v that_o ambrose_n and_o the_o noble_n and_o people_n do_v their_o endeavour_n towards_o the_o recover_a the_o honour_n of_o their_o church_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o care_n he_o take_v in_o other_o place_n say_v geffrey_n he_o march_v to_o london_n which_o have_v suffer_v as_o well_o as_o other_o city_n and_o have_v call_v the_o disperse_a citizen_n together_o he_o go_v about_o the_o repair_n of_o it_o all_o his_o design_n be_v the_o restore_v the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o winchester_n and_o to_o salisbury_n and_o in_o the_o passage_n thither_o geffrey_n launche_n out_o to_o purpose_n in_o his_o history_n of_o stonehenge_n translate_v say_v he_o by_o merlin_n out_o of_o ireland_n to_o make_v a_o monument_n for_o the_o british_a noble_n slay_v there_o by_o hengist_n be_v treachery_n which_o be_v such_o a_o extravagancy_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wonder_v any_o shall_v follow_v he_o in_o it_o and_o yet_o matt._n 490._o westminster_n transcribe_v the_o main_a of_o it_o and_o praefat._n walter_n coventry_n set_v it_o down_o for_o authentic_a history_n but_o he_o add_v two_o circumstance_n which_o make_v it_o seem_v probable_a that_o stonehenge_n have_v some_o relation_n to_o ambrose_n viz._n that_o here_o ambrose_n be_v crown_v and_o be_v not_o long_o after_o bury_v from_o who_o 3._o polydore_v virgil_n make_v it_o the_o monument_n of_o ambrose_n and_o john_n of_o tinmouth_n in_o the_o life_n of_o dubricius_n call_v it_o mons_fw-la ambrosii_n and_o the_o name_n of_o ambresbury_n near_o it_o do_v much_o confirm_v the_o probability_n that_o it_o have_v rather_o a_o respect_n to_o ambrose_n than_o either_o to_o the_o roman_n or_o the_o dane_n but_o i_o can_v now_o insist_v on_o this_o 488._o matthew_n westminster_n confirm_v geffrey_n relation_n concern_v the_o great_a zeal_n of_o ambrose_n in_o repair_v the_o british_a church_n every_o where_o and_o set_v up_o divine_a worship_n in_o they_o and_o give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o perform_v all_o divine_a office_n and_o particular_o to_o pray_v for_o the_o prosperity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n but_o geffrey_n add_v yet_o far_a concern_v he_o that_o in_o a_o solemn_a council_n of_o the_o britain_n he_o appoint_v two_o metropolitan_n for_o the_o two_o vacant_a see_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n samson_n one_o of_o eminent_a piety_n for_o york_n and_o dubricius_n for_o caer-leon_n this_o say_v matt._n westminster_n be_v do_v an._n dom._n 490._o and_o he_o make_v they_o both_o to_o live_v and_o flourish_v an._n dom._n 507._o but_o he_o say_v that_o samson_n be_v afterward_o drive_v over_o to_o aremorica_n and_o there_o be_v archbishop_n of_o dole_n among_o the_o britain_n for_o anno_fw-la dom._n 561._o he_o say_v another_o samson_n succeed_v in_o that_o see_v the_o former_a who_o come_v out_o of_o great_a britain_n to_o the_o less_o sigebert_n of_o the_o old_a edition_n anno_fw-la dom._n 566._o speak_v of_o samson_n then_o archbishop_n of_o dole_n kinsman_n to_o maglorius_fw-la who_o come_v from_o the_o britain_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o that_o on_o this_o side_n this_o second_o sampson_n life_n be_v extant_a in_o the_o bibliotheca_fw-la floriacensis_fw-la where_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v bear_v in_o britain_n and_o the_o scholar_n of_o iltutus_n and_o consecrate_v by_o dubricius_n but_o 1._o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la say_v the_o pall_n be_v carry_v over_o from_o wales_n to_o dole_n in_o the_o time_n of_o another_o samson_n who_o be_v the_o 25_o the_o from_o st._n david_n and_o go_v over_o because_o of_o the_o plague_n which_o discolour_a people_n like_o the_o jaundice_n and_o therefore_o call_v flava_n pestis_fw-la which_o be_v transcribe_v by_o 454._o roger_n hoveden_n but_o here_o be_v several_a mistake_v in_o this_o account_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o pall_n then_o know_v or_o use_v in_o the_o western_a church_n and_o if_o this_o samson_n go_v over_o on_o the_o occasion_n of_o that_o plague_n there_o can_v not_o be_v 25._o between_o st._n david_n and_o he_o for_o in_o the_o life_n of_o st._n teliaus_n st._n david_n sister_n son_n that_o plague_n be_v describe_v and_o then_o samson_n be_v say_v to_o be_v archbishop_n of_o dole_n and_o to_o have_v receive_v teliaus_n and_o his_o company_n with_o great_a joy_n have_v be_v schoolfellow_n under_o dubricius_n and_o samson_n be_v consecrate_v by_o he_o but_o still_o we_o have_v two_o sampsons_n archbishop_n of_o dole_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a controversy_n about_o that_o archbishopric_n of_o which_o afterward_o it_o be_v a_o question_n from_o which_o the_o title_n be_v derive_v and_o innocent_a iii_o as_o giraldus_n relate_v say_v it_o be_v from_o this_o samson_n archbishop_n of_o york_n but_o the_o sammarthani_fw-la only_o mention_v he_o that_o come_v from_o st._n david_n when_o maglorius_fw-la succeed_v among_o the_o aremorican_a britain_n but_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o come_v to_o they_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o h._n of_o 2._o huntingdon_n that_o after_o the_o britain_n have_v a_o little_a respite_n from_o their_o enemy_n they_o fall_v into_o civil_a dissension_n among_o themselves_o which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o gildas_n have_v say_v of_o this_o the_o 6._o british_a history_n give_v no_o improbable_a account_n when_o it_o relate_v that_o one_o of_o vortigern_n son_n call_v pascentius_n raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o the_o
from_o the_o british_a arthur_n which_o signify_v a_o bear_n this_o be_v a_o ingenious_a conjecture_n but_o we_o be_v not_o so_o sure_o there_o ever_o be_v such_o a_o king_n as_o uther_n as_o we_o be_v from_o gildas_n that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o ambrose_n but_o gildas_n say_v that_o some_o of_o the_o race_n of_o ambrose_n be_v live_v in_o his_o time_n therefore_o he_o die_v not_o without_o issue_n as_o the_o british_a history_n suppose_v and_o this_o may_v probable_o be_v his_o son_n who_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n but_o what_o then_o be_v to_o be_v say_v to_o king_n arthur_n who_o be_v son_n to_o uther_n and_o succeed_v he_o who_o mighty_a feat_n be_v so_o ample_o relate_v by_o the_o british_a history_n i_o think_v both_o sort_n be_v to_o blame_v about_o he_o i_o mean_v those_o who_o tell_v incredible_a tale_n of_o he_o such_o as_o be_v utter_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o british_a affair_n at_o that_o time_n and_o those_o who_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o such_o person_n or_o of_o any_o considerable_a power_n among_o the_o britain_n william_n of_o malmsbury_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o british_a fable_n about_o he_o and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o make_v a_o severe_a reflection_n upon_o geffrey_n history_n without_o name_v it_o when_o he_o say_v hic_fw-la est_fw-la arthurus_n de_fw-fr quo_fw-la britonum_fw-la nugae_fw-la bodiéque_fw-la delirant_fw-la but_o he_o wish_v a_o true_a account_n have_v be_v give_v of_o he_o for_o he_o be_v the_o support_n of_o his_o country_n for_o a_o long_a time_n who_o sharpen_v the_o break_a spirit_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o make_v they_o warlike_a but_o after_o all_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v he_o to_o have_v be_v monarch_n in_o britain_n but_o only_o the_o general_n under_o ambrose_n and_o in_o all_o this_o william_n keep_v close_o to_o nennius_n for_o nennius_n speak_v of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o british_a king_n and_o the_o saxon_n say_v of_o arthur_n ipse_fw-la dux_n erat_fw-la bellorum_fw-la although_o he_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o truth_n in_o the_o next_o word_n &_o in_o omnibus_fw-la bellis_fw-la victor_n extitit_fw-la he_o come_v off_o always_o conqueror_n if_o this_o have_v be_v true_a the_o saxon_n can_v never_o have_v keep_v foot_v in_o england_n i_o will_v allow_v the_o saxon_a annal_n to_o be_v partial_a in_o not_o recount_v their_o loss_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v that_o the_o saxon_n shall_v be_v always_o beat_v and_o yet_o always_o get_v ground_n even_o in_o arthur_n day_n for_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n wherein_o nathanleod_n be_v kill_v the_o only_a british_a king_n mention_v in_o the_o saxon_a annal_n cerdic_n two_o nephew_n stuff_v and_o witgar_n land_v upon_o cerdicshore_o which_o 514._o matt._n westminster_n here_o place_n on_o the_o western_a coast_n and_o not_o on_o the_o eastern_a as_o camden_n do_v which_o seem_v more_o probable_a because_o they_o come_v with_o supply_n to_o cerdic_n their_o uncle_n but_o all_o agree_v that_o as_o they_o fight_v upon_o their_o land_n they_o have_v the_o better_a of_o the_o britain_n huntingdon_n say_v it_o be_v such_o a_o victory_n as_o lay_v open_v the_o country_n to_o they_o the_o force_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v scatter_v god_n have_v cast_v they_o off_o where_o be_v arthur_n at_o this_o time_n again_o five_o year_n after_o say_v ethelwerd_v cerdic_n and_o cenric_n come_v the_o second_o time_n to_o cerdicsford_n and_o there_o fight_v the_o britain_n the_o saxon_n annal_n say_v nothing_o of_o the_o victory_n but_o florentius_n give_v it_o to_o the_o saxon_n and_o so_o do_v huntingdon_n who_o say_v the_o britain_n have_v a_o terrible_a blow_n that_o day_n and_o as_o a_o evidence_n of_o the_o saxon_n conquest_n ethelwerd_n say_v that_o year_n cerdic_n begin_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n from_o that_o very_a day_n say_v huntingdon_n anno_fw-la dom._n 519._o here_o matt._n westminster_n be_v so_o hard_o put_v to_o it_o that_o take_v in_o king_n arthur_n at_o anno_fw-la dom._n 516._o he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v out_o this_o battle_n and_o to_o tell_v geffrey_n story_n of_o king_n arthur_n beat_v the_o saxon_n in_o the_o north_n about_o york_n and_o lincoln_n and_o drive_v they_o as_o far_o as_o the_o caledonian_n wood_n and_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o kerdic_n set_v up_o a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o west_n but_o the_o follow_a year_n anno_fw-la dom._n 520._o he_o bring_v colgrin_n badulph_n and_o cheldric_n to_o totnes_n with_o new_a force_n with_o which_o they_o besiege_v bath_n and_o then_o arthur_n with_o his_o caliborn_n do_v incredible_a execution_n for_o he_o say_v he_o kill_v 840_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o so_o total_o rout_v the_o saxon_n and_o not_o a_o word_n of_o kerdic_n or_o kenric_n whereas_o anno_fw-la dom._n 528._o he_o remember_v they_o again_o and_o tell_v what_o a_o mighty_a army_n they_o have_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n which_o h._n huntingdon_n call_v witland_n and_o what_o slaughter_n they_o make_v at_o witgaresburgh_n which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o witgar_n one_o of_o kerdic_n nephew_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o witgar_n say_v huntingdon_n but_o before_o this_o there_o be_v another_o battle_n between_o kerdic_n and_o the_o britain_n at_o cerdic_n league_n which_o huntingdon_n make_v the_o same_o with_o cerdicsford_n in_o which_o there_o be_v great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n and_o in_o that_o time_n he_o say_v many_o saxon_n come_v in_o out_o of_o germany_n into_o eastangle_n and_o mercia_n but_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o form_v into_o kingdom_n however_o innumerable_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o many_o place_n by_o person_n who_o name_n be_v not_o record_v and_o now_o huntingdon_n mention_n arthur_n as_o a_o most_o valiant_a general_n on_o the_o british_a side_n who_o command_v in_o twelve_o battle_n in_o all_o which_o he_o have_v the_o better_a and_o so_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o order_n just_a as_o 64._o nennius_n have_v do_v who_o he_o transcribe_v and_o when_o he_o have_v set_v down_o the_o place_n of_o the_o twelve_o battle_n he_o confess_v they_o be_v then_o unknown_a but_o he_o add_v that_o there_o be_v almost_o perpetual_a fight_v in_o which_o sometime_o one_o side_n have_v the_o better_a and_o sometime_o the_o other_o but_o still_o the_o saxon_n pour_v in_o great_a number_n upon_o they_o and_o 65._o nennius_n say_v they_o increase_v here_o without_o intermission_n and_o fetch_v new_a king_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o and_o then_o set_v down_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o northern_a saxon_a kingdom_n under_o ida_n 66._o who_o govern_v all_o beyond_o humber_n twelve_o year_n which_o be_v branch_v into_o two_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n this_o kingdom_n begin_v say_v huntingdon_n in_o the_o thirteen_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o kenric_n who_o succeed_v kerdic_n anno_fw-la dom._n 547._o and_o ida_n descend_v from_o woden_n be_v the_o first_o king_n kenric_n in_o his_o eighteen_o year_n say_v the_o same_o author_n fight_v against_o the_o britain_n who_o come_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n to_o salisbury_n where_o he_o disperse_v they_o and_o make_v they_o fly_v but_o this_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v happen_v after_o arthur_n death_n which_o be_v place_v by_o matt._n westminster_n and_o other_o anno_fw-la dom._n 542._o we_o must_v therefore_o look_v back_o to_o judge_v of_o arthur_n prowess_n we_o have_v already_o see_v several_a saxon_a kingdom_n establish_v that_o of_o kent_n of_o south-saxons_a of_o westsaxons_a and_o saxon_n in_o other_o part_n not_o yet_o gather_v into_o kingdom_n and_o beside_o these_o before_o kendic_n have_v gain_v the_o isle_n of_o wight_n h._n huntingdon_n say_v the_o kingdom_n of_o east_n saxon_n be_v found_v by_o erkinwin_n who_o slede_n succeed_v who_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o ermenerick_n king_n of_o kent_n sister_n of_o ethelbert_n and_o mother_n to_o sibert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n there_o now_o if_o arthur_n be_v a_o king_n so_o powerful_a so_o irresistible_a as_o the_o british_a history_n make_v he_o how_o come_v all_o these_o kingdom_n to_o grow_v up_o under_o he_o why_o do_v he_o not_o send_v the_o saxon_n all_o out_o of_o britain_n nay_o how_o come_v cerdic_n and_o kenric_n to_o grow_v so_o strong_a in_o the_o western_a part_n as_o they_o do_v cerdic_n say_v 2._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n come_v hither_o eight_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hengist_n anno_fw-la dom._n 495._o he_o be_v here_o 24_o year_n before_o he_o set_v up_o his_o kingdom_n and_o live_v in_o it_o 16_o year_n this_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o arthur_n fame_n and_o greatness_n if_o it_o be_v such_o as_o geffrey_n describe_v will_v he_o have_v suffer_v such_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o have_v be_v so_o near_o he_o 6._o