village_n and_o fort_n of_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o pomeren_n and_o the_o empire_n how_o far_o the_o victorious_a arm_n of_o gustavus_n adolphus_n spread_v themselves_o in_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n pass_v over_o the_o elb_n the_o rhine_n and_o the_o danow_n in_o one_o year_n and_o thereby_o become_v as_o well_o the_o terror_n as_o wonder_v of_o europe_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o how_o after_o his_o death_n the_o swedish_n conquest_n in_o those_o part_n begin_v to_o lessen_v and_o several_a place_n of_o importance_n to_o be_v either_o forcible_o regain_v by_o the_o emperor_n or_o by_o the_o succeed_a king_n of_o sweden_n free_o yield_v up_o to_o he_o be_v no_o less_o manifest_a what_o city_n town_n fort_n title_n territory_n etc._n etc._n be_v by_o a_o ratification_n of_o peace_n conclude_v between_o the_o imperial_a minister_n and_o the_o swedish_n agent_n in_o lieu_n of_o those_o many_o and_o large_a dominion_n which_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n either_o absolute_o and_o for_o ever_o or_o under_o some_o condition_n to_o be_v by_o the_o swede_n observe_v we_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_a mention_n remit_v the_o more_o large_a description_n of_o they_o to_o pomeren_n germany_n etc._n etc._n whereunto_o they_o do_v former_o belong_v and_o where_o a_o account_n of_o they_o may_v be_v expect_v by_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o imperial_a plenipotentiaries_n and_o swedish_n minister_n hold_v at_o osnabrug_n and_o munster_n a._n d._n 1649_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o because_o christina_n queen_n of_o sweden_n have_v require_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o electoral_a prince_n that_o satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v she_o for_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o several_a place_n which_o have_v be_v by_o her_o father_n in_o the_o late_a war_n bring_v under_o the_o swedish_n power_n and_o likewise_o upon_o account_n that_o she_o earnest_o desire_v as_o much_o as_o in_o she_o lay_v to_o restore_v and_o promote_v the_o public_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o the_o emperor_n and_o their_o electoral_a highness_n on_o the_o other_o part_n be_v very_o ready_a by_o all_o mean_n to_o advance_v and_o take_v care_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o electoral_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o to_o her_o heir_n and_o successor_n these_o follow_a dominion_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o they_o in_o full_a right_n of_o possession_n as_o a_o perpetual_a and_o immediate_a feud_n of_o the_o empire_n viz._n 1._o all_o nether-pomeren_a common_o call_v nor-pomern_a with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o extent_n as_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v possess_v and_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o also_o in_o further-pomeren_a stetin_n gartz_n dam_n golnau_n the_o isle_n wollin_n with_o part_n of_o the_o river_n other_o that_o encompass_v it_o the_o sea_n common_o call_v das_fw-la frische_n haff_n with_o its_o three_o bay_n peine_fw-fr swine_n and_o divenow_n and_o so_o much_o land_n on_o each_o side_n as_o shall_v be_v agree_v on_o by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v appoint_v for_o assign_v the_o just_a limit_n for_o both_o party_n which_o say_v kingdom_n of_o pomeren_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n with_o all_o dominion_n belong_v or_o place_n annex_v to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o also_o all_o territory_n prefecture_n city_n fort_n town_n village_n feud_n river_n isle_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o tribute_n revenue_n title_n dignity_n preeminence_n immunity_n and_o praerogative_n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a with_o all_o other_o right_n and_o privilege_n shall_v from_o that_o day_n 27_o of_o july_n a._n 1648_o for_o ever_o belong_v to_o and_o be_v free_o use_v and_o inviolable_o possess_v by_o the_o then_z queen_n of_o sweden_n her_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n have_v have_v enjoy_v or_o govern_v the_o same_o moreover_o that_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o use_v the_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n after_o the_o manner_n that_o the_o former_a duke_n of_o pomeren_n use_v they_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n for_o ever_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o brandenburg_n so_o long_o as_o any_o of_o the_o issue_n male_a of_o that_o family_n remain_v but_o that_o upon_o defect_n of_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n none_o shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o title_n and_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n sole_o to_o retain_v they_o without_o any_o competitor_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o then_o to_o have_v all_o further_a pomeren_n with_o the_o bishopric_n and_o chapter_n of_o camminen_n yield_v up_o to_o they_o and_o their_o successor_n for_o ever_o 2._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o elector_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o city_n and_o port_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o fort_n walfisch_n and_o the_o prefecture_n of_o poel_n the_o town_n sehedorff_n wietendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangern_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubeck_n except_v and_o newen_n closter_n with_o all_o right_n and_o privilege_n belong_v to_o they_o in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o the_o duke_n of_o meklenburg_n have_v before_o enjoy_v and_o possess_v they_o 3._o that_o the_o emperor_n with_o etc._n etc._n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n for_o ever_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o breme_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o verden_n with_o the_o town_n and_o prefecture_n of_o wilshausen_n and_o also_o all_o the_o right_a the_o arch-bishop_n of_o breme_n have_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o dioece_n of_o hamburg_n provide_v that_o the_o house_n of_o holsatia_n and_o the_o city_n and_o chapter_n of_o hamburg_n retain_v their_o respective_a liberty_n possession_n etc._n etc._n with_o all_o and_o singular_a right_n privilege_n etc._n etc._n ecclesiastical_a or_o civil_a to_o the_o say_a archbishopric_n bishopric_n and_o prefecture_n in_o any-wise_a belong_v yet_o to_o retain_v they_o for_o ever_o as_o a_o immediate_a fee_n of_o the_o empire_n use_v the_o ancient_a arm_n which_o belong_v to_o they_o but_o change_v the_o ecclefiastical_a title_n into_o a_o secular_a one_o viz._n that_o of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n into_o duke_n of_o breme_n and_o verden_n and_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o grant_v to_o have_v privilege_n to_o be_v present_a at_o all_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o breme_n verden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o to_o take_v place_n among_o the_o secular_a prince_n on_o the_o five_o seat_n in_o the_o say_a diet_n and_o in_o all_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v these_o territory_n to_o appeal_v to_o some_o of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n be_v court_n of_o judicature_n there_o to_o have_v they_o determine_v 4._o that_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n or_o her_o successor_n may_v have_v power_n to_o erect_v a_o university_n where_o they_o think_v most_o convenient_a in_o any_o part_n of_o these_o new_a dominion_n last_o that_o her_o majesty_n of_o sweden_n and_o her_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v all_o these_o possession_n as_o feudiatary_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o receive_v all_o investiture_n from_o and_o as_o their_o predecessor_n and_o other_o vassal_n of_o the_o empire_n former_o use_v to_o do_v to_z take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o imperial_a successor_n for_o ever_o by_o these_o additional_a dominion_n in_o pomeren_n and_o germany_n which_o at_o present_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v and_o in_o great_a confusion_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v as_o be_v say_v several_a new_a title_n confer_v upon_o they_o which_o with_o other_o that_o be_v take_v from_o their_o late_a conquest_n in_o livonia_n carelia_n etc._n etc._n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a catalogue_n the_o present_a king_n style_v himself_o thus_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o most_o &c._n &c._n prince_n charles_n xi_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n goth_n and_o vandal_n and_o hereditary_a prince_n great_a prince_n of_o finland_n duke_n of_o schonen_fw-mi esthonia_n livonia_n carelia_n breme_n verde_n stetin_n pomeren_n cassubie_n and_o wenden_n prince_n of_o rugen_n lord_n of_o ingria_n and_o wismar_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n juliers_n cleves_n bergen_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o new_a accession_n in_o denmark_n within_o the_o baltic_a sea_n viz._n scania_n hallandia_n
old_a time_n among_o the_o german_n which_o name_v most_o proper_o agree_v to_o they_o for_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o collection_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n out_o of_o all_o nation_n and_o country_n live_v chief_o upon_o spoil_n pillage_n and_o piracy_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n according_a to_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n which_o they_o choose_v in_o fastness_n desert_n and_o unknown_a place_n more_o for_o their_o security_n then_o other_o convenience_n those_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o boristhenes_n in_o the_o vkrain_n be_v call_v zaporousky_a but_o beside_o they_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n like_o those_o who_o because_o they_o live_v upon_o and_o about_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n be_v call_v donsky_n and_o these_o be_v they_o of_o who_o we_o speak_v at_o this_o time_n they_o be_v in_o some_o degree_n subject_n to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n as_o the_o other_o be_v to_o the_o polander_n but_o they_o obey_v not_o much_o more_o than_o themselves_o please_v tribute_n or_o acknowledgement_n they_o pay_v none_o law_n and_o government_n such_o as_o it_o be_v they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o only_o when_o the_o grand_a tzar_n command_v they_o assist_v he_o with_o what_o number_n of_o soldier_n he_o please_v but_o he_o pay_v and_o protect_v they_o against_o their_o enemy_n i.e._n all_o the_o world_n but_o chief_o the_o crim-tartar_n their_o neighbour_n one_o of_o these_o be_v stenko_n or_o stepan_n radzin_n who_o to_o revenge_v his_o brother_n death_n that_o be_v hang_v for_o head_v a_o sedition_n of_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o army_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n against_o the_o pole_n ann_n 1665_o by_o jury_n alexowitz_n dolgarowsky_n the_o russ_n general_n ann_n 1667_o after_o he_o have_v get_v so_o much_o into_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o cosack_v as_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v their_o general_n he_o begin_v to_o pillage_n upon_o the_o volga_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o jaick_n which_o he_o plunder_v and_o burn_v he_o destroy_v all_o their_o fishery_n their_o village_n and_o whatever_o he_o can_v light_v upon_o bring_v a_o very_a great_a calamity_n upon_o all_o those_o nation_n thence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n to_o terki_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o into_o persia_n where_o in_o a_o certain_a city_n find_v great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a wine_n himself_o and_o soldier_n of_o who_o he_o have_v five_o or_o six_o thousand_o be_v so_o drink_v that_o the_o persian_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o slay_v they_o stenko_n with_o about_o five_o hundred_o of_o his_o cosack_n with_o great_a difficulty_n escape_v to_o their_o boat_n which_o they_o call_v stroog_n thence_o he_o come_v again_o to_o volga_n to_o recruit_v his_o loss_n both_o of_o man_n and_o spoil_n which_o he_o do_v in_o short_a time_n and_o one_o day_n entertain_v his_o officer_n upon_o the_o river_n with_o his_o mistress_n a_o very_a beautiful_a persian_a lady_n who_o he_o have_v take_v prisoner_n he_o drown_v she_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o present_o upon_o that_o set_v up_o reformer_n against_o drink_v whore_v etc._n etc._n and_o get_v so_o much_o into_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n that_o astracan_a be_v by_o the_o citizen_n and_o soldier_n surrender_v unto_o he_o where_o his_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o governor_n and_o the_o officer_n be_v not_o easy_o express_v beside_o other_o great_a mischief_n he_o do_v to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n but_o among_o his_o own_o cosack_n he_o be_v very_o humble_a and_o of_o easy_a address_n nor_o can_v any_o one_o know_v he_o from_o a_o ordinary_a cosack_n by_o his_o garb_n or_o outward_a appearance_n but_o only_o by_o the_o very_a great_a observance_n they_o give_v he_o bow_v to_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o come_v to_o he_o and_o by_o the_o compellation_n they_o use_v towards_o he_o which_o be_v batskie_n father_n which_o partly_o also_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o cosack_v government_n which_o be_v that_o their_o general_n have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o the_o soldier_n give_v he_o voluntary_o which_o be_v common_o according_a to_o the_o advantage_n and_o success_n they_o get_v by_o he_o but_o as_o i_o say_v more_o of_o these_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o vkrain_n taurica_fw-la chersonesus_n hodie_fw-la przecopsca_fw-la et_fw-la gazara_n dicitur_fw-la crim-tartars_a the_o country_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n contain_v precop_n and_o the_o taurica-chersonesus_n before_o we_o treat_v particular_o of_o this_o country_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o tartar_n in_o general_a and_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o name_n and_o how_o they_o come_v into_o these_o place_n and_o because_o this_o discourse_n do_v more_o natural_o belong_v to_o asia_n we_o shall_v here_o only_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o they_o reserve_v a_o large_a treatise_n to_o its_o proper_a place_n we_o must_v also_o premise_v that_o since_o historian_n do_v so_o much_o disagree_v especial_o the_o western_a from_o the_o eastern_a in_o their_o relation_n concern_v these_o people_n the_o reader_n must_v not_o here_o expect_v either_o the_o reconcile_n or_o set_v down_o all_o their_o difference_n much_o less_o the_o confutation_n of_o any_o but_o we_o shall_v brief_o and_o with_o the_o best_a judgement_n we_o have_v deliver_v that_o which_o seem_v to_o we_o most_o probable_a and_o that_o also_o chief_o out_o of_o the_o eastern_a writer_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v more_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o these_o matter_n than_o our_o own_o people_n martinius_n say_v that_o in_o the_o chinese_n history_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tartar_n four_o thousand_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o can_v find_v they_o name_v in_o our_o historian_n till_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n that_o the_o scythian_n ancient_o inhabit_v all_o the_o northern_a region_n i_o think_v be_v out_o of_o doubt_n as_o also_o that_o these_o tartar_n be_v a_o tribe_n of_o they_o which_o subdue_a all_o the_o rest_n abolish_v the_o former_a and_o introduce_v their_o own_o name_n they_o be_v by_o all_o the_o ancient_a historian_n call_v tatar_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a name_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v beyond_o imaus_n the_o north-east_n part_n of_o scythia_n and_o north_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o china_n build_v as_o some_o say_v a_o few_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n time_n though_o our_o historian_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o till_o the_o greatness_n of_o these_o tatar_n suggest_v to_o the_o chinois_n to_o secure_v themselves_o by_o this_o defence_n from_o their_o fury_n there_o be_v divers_a conjecture_n concern_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n some_o derive_v it_o from_o a_o syriack_n word_n that_o signify_v abundance_n because_o of_o the_o populousness_n of_o that_o nation_n some_o from_o a_o word_n signify_v remainder_n i._n e._n of_o the_o twelve_o tribe_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n they_o inhabit_v or_o of_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v seat_v and_o be_v the_o great_a river_n in_o all_o that_o tract_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o tribe_n and_o that_o which_o dwell_v upon_o this_o river_n be_v particular_o call_v mogul_n i._n e._n watery_a or_o fenny_a tatar_n other_o say_v that_o mogul_n or_o mongul_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o tatar_n of_o the_o tribe_n and_o that_o tribe_n which_o live_v on_o that_o river_n be_v call_v su-mogul_n or_o mohall_v which_o be_v the_o arabian_n opinion_n su-mogul_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v watery_a mogul_n the_o great_a fame_n and_o the_o first_o knowledge_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o tartar_n be_v from_o the_o victory_n of_o gingis_n jinjis_n chan_n who_o our_o historian_n call_v chinchis_n changius_n cinguys_n etc._n etc._n gingis_n they_o say_v signify_v the_o sound_n of_o iron_n and_o they_o give_v he_o this_o name_n because_o he_o be_v a_o blacksmith_n can_v be_v a_o title_n of_o the_o great_a honour_n in_o their_o language_n as_o emperor_n in_o we_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o hegira_n 559_o which_o be_v of_o our_o saviour_n 1202_o reign_v over_o these_o eastern_a tribe_n of_o scythia_n call_v tatar_n one_o vng-chan_n in_o who_o service_n be_v entertain_v or_o as_o some_o say_v bring_v up_o with_o he_o a_o young_a man_n call_v tamugin_n who_o become_v a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a prudence_n valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n and_o arrive_v at_o so_o great_a esteem_n for_o his_o military_a service_n that_o by_o the_o malicious_a suggestion_n of_o those_o who_o envy_v he_o vng-chan_n conceive_v a_o very_a great_a jealousy_n against_o he_o and_o resolve_v to_o apprehend_v imprison_v and_o proceed_v against_o he_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v reason_n the_o night_n appoint_v for_o this_o exploit_n be_v discover_v to_o tamugin_n by_o two_o of_o vng-chans_a servant_n who_o provide_v against_o it_o leave_v his_o tent_n
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o