ecclesiasticall thorough Christendome conferred the whole clergy of Scotland accordyng to the olde lawes vnder the iurisdiction of the Archbishop of Yorke In the yeare of our Lord 1185. in the month of August at Cairleil Roulande Talnante lord of Galway did homage and fealty to the said king Henry with all that held of hym In the 22. yeare of the raigne of king Henry the 2. Gilbert sonne of Ferguse prince of Galway did homage and fealtie to the sayd king Henry and left Dunecan his sonne in hostage for conseruation of peace Richard surnamed Coeur de Lyon sonne of this Henry was next king of england to whoÌ„ the same William king of Scottes dyd homage at Caunterbury for the kyngdome of Scotland This king Richard was taken prisoner by the Duke of Ostrich for whose redemptioÌ„ the whole realme was taxed at great summes of money vnto the which this William king of Scots as a subiect was contributory and payed two M. markes sterlyng In the yere of our Lord 1199. Iohn kyng of england sent to William king of Scottes to come do his homage which William came to Lincolne in the moneth of December the same yeare and did his homage there vpon an hill in the presence of Hubert Archbishop of Caunterbury and of all the people there assembleâ—… and there was sworne vpon the crosse of the said Hubert Also he grâ—â—â—ted by his charter conâ—â—â—â—ed that he should haue the mariage of Alexander hys 〈◊〉 as hys liegeman alwayes to hold of the king of england promising moreâ—â—er that he the sayde king William his soâ—…e Alexander should kepe and hold faith and allegeance to Henry 〈◊〉 of the sayd king Iohn as to their chiefe Lord against all maner of men Also where as William king of Scots had put Iohn Bishoppe of s Andrewe out of his Bishopricke Pope Clemente wrote to Henry kyng of englande that he shoulde 〈◊〉 and indure the same William and if néede were requyre by hys Royall power compell hym to leaue his rancour agaynst y e sayd Bishop and suffer him to haue and occupye his sayde Bishopricke againe In the yeare of our Lorde 1216. and fiue and twenty of y e reign of king Henry sonne to king Iohn the same king Henry and the Quéene were at Yorke at y e feast of Christmasse for the solemnization of a marryage made in the feast of s Stephane the Martir the same yeare betwéene Alexander king of Scottes Margarete the kings daughter and there the sayde Alexander dyd homage to Henry king of Englande In Buls of diuers Popes were admonitions geueÌ„ to the kings of Scottes that they should obserue truly kéepe all such appointments as had ben made betwéene the kings of england and Scotland And that the kings of Scotland should holde the realme of Scotlande of the kings of englande vpon payne of curse and interditing After the deathe of Alexander kyng of Scottes Alexander his sonne beyng nyne yeres of age was by the lawes of Edgar inwarde to king Henry the 3. and by the nobles of Scotland brought to Yorke and there deliuered to him During whose minoritie king Henry gouerned Scotland and to subdue a commocion in this realme vsed the ayde of v. M. Scottishmen but king Henry dyed during the nonage of this Alexander whereby he receiued not his homage which by reason and law was respited vntil his full age of xxj yeares Edward the first after the conquest sonne of this Henry was next king of england immediately after whose coronation AlexaÌ„der king of Scottes being then of ful age did homage to hym for Scotlande at Westminster swearyng as all the reast did after this maner I.D.N. king of Scottes shal be true and faithfull vnto you Lorde E. by the grace of God king of England the noble and superior lord of the kingdome of Scotland and vnto you I make my fidelitie for the same kingdome the which I hold and claime to hold of you And I shall beare you my faith and fidelitie of lyfe and limme and worldly honour against all meÌ„ faithfully I shall knowledge and shall doe you seruice due vnto you of the kingdom of Scotland aforesayde as God me so helpe and these holy Euangelies This Alexander king of Scottes died leauing one only daughter called Margaret for his heire who before had maried Hanygo sonne to Magnus king of Norway which daughter also shortly after died leauyng one onely daughter her heire of the age of two yeares whose custody and mariage by the lawes of king Edgar and Edward the confessour belonged to Edward the first whervpon the nobles of Scotland were commauÌ„ded by our king Edward to send into Norway to conuey this yong Quéene into England to him whom he entended to haue maried to his soÌ„ne Edward and so to haue made a perfite vnion betwéene bothe Realmes Hereuppon their nobles at that tyme considering the same tranquillitie that many of them haue sithens refused stoode not vpon shiftes and delayes of minoritie nor conteÌ„pt but most gladly consented and therupon sent two noble men of Scotlande into Norway for hir to be brought to this king Edwarde but she died before their comming thither therefore they required nothing but to enioye the lawful liberties that they had quietly possessed in the last king Alexander his tyme. After the death of this Margaret the Scots were destitute of any heire to the crown from this Alexander their last king at which time this Edwarde discended from the bodye of Mawde daughter of Malcolme sometyme king of Scottes beyng then in the greatest broile of his warres with Fraunce mynded not to take the possession of that kingdome in his own right but was contented to establish Balioll to be king therof the weake title betwene him Bruse Hastings being by the humble peticion of all the realme of Scotland committed to the determination of this king Edward wherin by autentique writing they confessed the superioritie of the realme to remaine in king Edward sealed with the seales of iiij Bishops vij earles and xij barons of Scotland which shortly after was by the whole assent of y e thrée estates of Scotland in their solemne Parliament confessed and enacted accordingly as most euidently doth appeare The Balioll in this wise made kyng of ScotlaÌ„d did immediately make hys homage and fealty at Newcastle vpon saint Freâ—â—â—â— day as 〈◊〉 likewise all the Lordes of Scotland â—â—he one setting his hand to the compoâ—â—â—ion in writing to king Edward of England for the kingdom of Scotland but shortly after defrauding the benigne goodnesse 〈◊〉 this king Edward he rebelled and did 〈◊〉 much hurt in englande Hereupon king Edward inuaded Scotland seaâ—â—d into his haÌ„dâ—… the greater part of the countrey and tooke all the strengthes thereof whereuppon Baliol king of Scottes came vnto king Edwarde at Mauntrosse in Scotland with a white 〈◊〉 in his hand and there resigned the crownâ—… of Scotland with all his right title and interest to the same into the
slaine Sigibertâ—… Egricus 〈◊〉 togither with Sigiberte and his cousin Egricus theyr King The yeare in the which Sigiberte and Egricus were slayne in manner as is aboue rehearsed was after the birth of our Sauioure as some haue 652. 652 Baleuâ—… Beda lib. 3. cap. 19. Furseus In the dayes whilest Sigibert as yet ruled the East angles there came out of Irelande a deuoute person named Furseus who comming into the countrey of the East angles was gladly receyued of Kyng Sigiberte by whose help afterwardes hee buylded the Abbey of Cumbresburge in the which Sigibert as some haue written when he renounced his Kingdome was professed a Monke Of this Furseus many thyngs are writteÌ„ the which for breefenesse we ouerpasse After that Felix the Bishop of the East angles was dead one Thomas was ordeyned in his place who after he had bin Bishop fiue yeres dyed and then one Beretgils was ordeyned in his roomth by Honorius the Archbishop of Canterburie The sayd Honorius hymselfe when hee had runne the race of his naturall life deceassed also in the yeare of our Lord .653 the last of September 653 AFter Egricus succeeded Anna the sonne of Enus in the Kingdome of East Angle Anne and was likewise slayne by Penda King of Mercia VVil. 〈◊〉 with the most parte of his army as he gaue battell vnto the sayde Penda that inuaded his countrey He lefte behynde him many children Edelhere king of East angle but his brother Edelhere succeeded hym in gouernemente of the Kingdome who was slaine by Oswy the King of Northumberlande togyther with the foresayd Penda and woorthely sith that hee woulde ayde that Tyrante whyche hadde slayne hys kinsman and hys brother that were predecessors with him in his Kingdome After this when the Sea of Canterbury had bene vacant by the space of one whole yeare and sixe Monethes Deus Dedit one Deus Dedit of the countrey of the West Saxons was elected and consecrated by Ithamar the Byshop of Rochester the .7 Calends of April He gouerned the Church of Canterbury by the tearme of nine yeres four moneths and two days When he was departed this life the foresayd Ithamar coÌ„secrated for him one Damianus of the countrey of Sussex Mercia receyueth the fayth â—… hist eccle 3. cap. 21. ABout this time the people of Mercia coÌ„monly called midle Angles receyued the Christian faythe vnder theyr Kyng named Peda 653 or Peada the sonne of Penda King of Mercia the which being a towardly yong Gentleman and worthy to haue the guyding of a kingdome Peda or Peada 〈◊〉 of the â—â—ddle angles his father Penda aduaunced him to the rule of that Kingdome of the middle angles during his own life Heere may you note y t the Kingdome of the midle angles was one the Kingdome of Mercia another though most commonly the same were gouerned by one king This yong Peda came to the king of Northumberlande Oswy to require of him to haue hys daughter Alchfled in marriage but when he was enformed that he mighte not haue hir except hee would become a Christian then vppon hearyng the Gospell preached with the promise of the celestiall ioyes and immortalitie by the resurrectioÌ„ of the fleshe in the life to come he sayde that whether hee had King Oswyes daughter to wife or not he woulde surely be baptised and chiefly hee was perswaded thereto by his kinsman Alchfride which had in marriage his sister the daughter of Penda named Cimburgh He was therfore baptised by Bishop Fynnan with all those whyche came thither with him Ad murum at a place called at y e wal And taking with him foure priestes whiche were thought meete to teache and baptise his people he returned with great ioy into his owne countrey The names of those Priestes were as followeth Cedda Adda Betti and Diuna of the whyche the last was a Scotte by nation and the other were Englishmen These Priestes commyng into the prouince of the middle angles preached the worde and were well hearde so that dayly a greate number both of the nobilitie and communaltie renouncing the filthy dregges of Idolatrie were christned Neyther dyd King Penda forbidde the preaching of the Gospell within his prouince of Mercia but rather he hated and despised those whome hee knewe to haue professed themselues Christians The saying of K. Penda and yet shewed not y e workes of faythe saying that those were wretches and not to be regarded which woulde not obey theyr God in whome they beleeued This alteration of things began about two yeares before the deathe of King Penda The East Saxons eftsoones receyue the faith This was about the yeare 649. as Math. West hath noted King Sigibert hauing now receiued the Christian faith when he should returne into his countrey required king Oswy to appoynte hym certayne instructors and teachers which might conuert his people to the faith of Christ King Oswy desirous to satisfie his request sente vnto the prouince of the middle angles calling from theÌ„ce that vertuous man Cedda Cedda and assigning vnto him another Priest to be his associate sente them vnto the prouince of the East Saxons there to preache the Christian faithe vnto the people And when they had preached and taughte through the whole countrey to the great increase and enlarging of the Church of Christ it chaunced on a time that Cedda returned home into Northumberlande to conferre of certaine things with Bishop Fynan which kept his See at Lindesferne where vnderstaÌ„ding by Cedda the great fruite whiche it had pleased God to prosper vnder his handes in aduancing the fayth amongst the East Saxons hee called to him two other Byshops and there ordeyned the foresayde Ced Bishop of the East Saxons Ced or Cedda Bishop of the East angles Herevppon the same Ced returning vnto hys cure wente forewarde with more authoritie to performe the worke of the Lord buildyng Churches in diuers places ordeyned Priests and Deacons whiche mighte helpe him in preaching and in the ministerie of Baptising specially in the Citie of Ithancester vpon the riuer of Pente and likewise in Tileburg on the riuer of Thames Tilbery Whilest Ced was thus busie to the great comfort and ioy of the Kyng and all hys people in the setting forwarde the Christian Religion with great increase dayly proceedyng it chaunced thorough the instigation of the enimie of mankynde the Deuill that King Sigibert was murthered by two of his owne kinsmen which were brethreÌ„ the which when they were examined of the cause that shoulde moue them to that wicked fact they had nothing to alledge but that they did it bycause they had conceyued an hatred againste the King for that he was too fauorable towards his enimies and would with great mildnes of mind forgiue iniuries committed againste him suche was the kings faulte for the which he was murthered bycause he obserued the commaundemeÌ„ts of the Gospell with a deuoute hart in the whyche
Somerleid is hanged by commaundement of the king accordyng to that hee had iustly merited Malcolme hauing thus subdued his aduersaries and being nowe in rest and quiet King Malcolme sisters maryed he sette hys mynde wholly to gouerne his realme in vpright Iustice hauing two sisters mariageable he coupled the elder named Margarete wyth Conone duke of Britayne and the yonger called Adhama hee maryed with Florence Earle of Hollande After thys there was a councell holden at Scone of all the Scottish nobilitie A parliament at Scone where when they were assembled togyther in the Councell chamber Arnaulde Archebishoppe of Saincte Andrewes stoode vp and by a ryght pi◅hthy◅ Oration The oration of Arnald Archbishop of saint Androwes tooke vppon him to aduise the king to chaunge his purpose touching his vow which as appeared he had made to liue chaste He declared vnto him by many w◅ightie reasons that it was not only necessarie for him and his Realme that he should take a wife by whom he might rayse vp seede to succeede him in the possession of the Crowne but also that he might not choose a more perfect state of lyfe considering the office wherein hee was placed than matrimonie beeing instituted not by this lawmaker or that Matrimonie instituted by God but by God himselfe who in no one of all his ordinaunces myght erre or bee deceyued The pleasure of mariage Agayne for pleasure hee affyrmed howe nothing coulde bee more delectable to him than to haue a worthie Ladie to hys bedfellowe wyth whome hee might conferre all the conceytes of his heart The commodities by a wife both of griefe and gladnesse shee being a comfort vnto him as well in weale as in woe an helpe both in sicknesse and health readie to asswage anger and to aduaunce myrth also to refreshe the spirites beeing wearyed or in any wise faynte through studious trauayle and care of mynde Children as ayde Then shewed he what an ayde were children vnto theyr Parentes namely vnto Kings howe in peace they might gouerne vnder them to the greate commoditie of the common wealth in warre supplie theyr rowmthes as Lieutenants in defence of theyr Countreyes to the no small terrour of the enimies Wherefore ◅the men are not borne onely for theyr owne weale Men not born for thēselues but also for he profite of their friendes and commoditie of their Countrey it coulde not hee chosen but that he ◅ught to perswade with himselfe to alter his purposed intention concerning the obseruance of chastitie and to take a wife to the greate ioy and comfort of hys subiectes Cōmendable before God and man sithe it was commendable bothe before GOD and manne and so necessarye withall and profitable as nothing myght bee more But these and many other moste weightie reasons could nothing moue his constant mind K. Malcolme might not be perswaded to take a wife hauing euen from his tender yeares fianced hys virginitie vnto Christ trusting that God would so prouide that the Realme shoulde not be destitute of conuenable heyres when the time came that it shoulde please his diuine Maiestie to take him hence to his mercie from amongest his subiectes Thus brake vppe that Counsell wythoute anye effecte of the purpose for the whiche it was called Shortly after it chaunced that King Malcolme fell sicke continuing so a long tyme by reason whereof he sought meanes to conclude a peace wyth Henrie King of Englande A peace concluded with Englande whiche being brought to passe hee sette woorke men in hande to laye the foundation of Saint Rewles Abbey which afterwards bare the name of saint Androwes When hee had finished this house being a goodly peece of worke and right costly as maye appeare at this day by the viewe thereof he assigned forth certaine reutes for the sustentation of the Chanons which he placed there of the order of Saint Augustine not so largely as serued for the mayntenaunce of superfluous cheare but sufficient yet for theyr necessarie fynding Superfluous rentes of Abbeyes prouocations to inordinate lusts by reason whereof the Chanons of that Abbaye lyued in those dayes in moste feruent deuotion hauing no prouocations at all to inordinate lustes and sensuall pleasures but onelye gyuen to diuine contemplation wythoute respecte to auarice or inlarging the possessions and re◅endes of their house he founded also the abbey of Couper of the Cysticur order The abbey of Cowper founded The death of king Malcolm and endowed it with many faire landes and wealthye possessions Finally being vexed with long infirmitie hee departed out of this lyfe at Iedburgh the .xij. yeare of his reigne A Comete A certaine comete or blasing starre appeared xiiij dayes together before his deathe with long beames right terrible to beholde His bodie was buryed at Dunfermeling after the incarnation 1185. 1185. Roger archbishop of Yorke the Popes legate yeares In the days of this Malcolme Roger Archbishop of Yorke constituted the Popes Legate could not be suffred to enter into Scotlande bycause he was a man highly defamed for his couetous practising to enriche him selfe by vnlawfull meanes Shortely after his Coronation Ambassadours sente to the king of Englande hee sente Ambassadoures vnto Henrye king of Englande requiring him that accordyng to iustice he would restore vnto him the Erledom of Northumberland sith it appertayned by good lawfull interest vnto his inheritance King Williā is required to doe homage King Henry answered the messengers that if king William woulde come vnto London and there do his homage for Cumberland and Huntington he shoulde be assured to haue all things so ordered as he reasonably coulde wishe or demaunde King Williās request for the restitution of Northumberlande Herevpon king William went into Englād and so came vnto London and after he had done his homage for Cumberland and Huntyngton he required the restitution of Northumberlande but king Henry made answer as then that for so much as the same was annexed vnto the crown The answer of king Henrye he might not without the assent of all the estates of his realme make restitution therof Notwithstanding in the next parliament he promised to cause the matter to be proponed and if it came to passe that his demaunde were found to stand with reason he wold doe therein according to conscience when tyme expedient should serue thereto King Henry sayleth into Normandie King Willam with manye nobles of Scotlande wente with king Hēry ouer into Fraunce About the same season king Hēry passed ouer into Normandy with an army and caused king Willyam with many other nobles of Scotland to goe with him in that iourney for king Willyam would not disobey his commandement at that present in hope to attayne in quiet peaceable maner his suite touchyng the restitution of Northumberland as the Scottish writers doe affirme but in the ende after he had continued a long tyme with king Henry and
the Citie and so the Maior returned home agayne The Sâ—… of Lonâ—… 〈◊〉 but the Sherifes remayned there as prisoners by the space of a whole moneth or more and yet they excused themselues in that the faulte chiefly rested in the Byshoppes officers for whereas the prisoner was vnder hys custody they aâ—…s request had graunted hym licence to emprison the offender within theyr warde of Newgate but so as hys officers were charged to see him safely kept The King notwithstanding demanded of the Citie three thousand markes for a fyne Moreouer whereas hee stode in great neede of money â—…he King deâ—…andeth moâ—…y of the â—…wes he required by way of a tallage right thousand marks of the Iewes charging them on payne of hanging not to defer that payment The Iewes sore empouerished with greeuous and often payments excused theÌ„selues by the Popes vsurers and reprooued plainly the Kings excessiue taking of money as well of his Christian subiectes as of them The Kyng on the other syde to let it be knowen that he taxed not his people without iust occasion and vpon necessitie that droue him thereto confessed openly that he was indebted by his bondes obligatorie â—…he Kings â—…bt 3000000 â—…arkes in three hundred thousand marks and again the yearely reuenewes assigned to his son Prince Edward rose to the summe of fifteene thousande markes and aboue where the reuenewes that belonged to the Crowne were greatly diminished in such wise that without the ayd of his subiects he should neuer be able to come out of debt To be short when he had fleesed the Iewes to the quick he set them to ferme vnto his brother Earle Richard that hee mighte pull off skinne and all but yet he considering their pouertie spared them and neuerthelesse â—…e Barle of â—…newall â—…deth the â—…ng money to relieue his brothers necessitie vppon pawne he lent to him an huge masse of money 〈◊〉 Oliphant â—…nt to the K. About the same time Lewes the French king sent vnto King Henry for a present an OliphaÌ„t a beast most straunge and wonderfull to y e English people sith most seldome or neuer any of that kynde had bin seene in England before that time â—…n Ewer of â—…arle perâ—…uenture an â—…at The French Queene also sente for a presente vnto the King of England an ewer of pearle like to a Peacocke in forme and fashion garnished most richly with golde siluer and Saphires to furnish him foorth in all poyntes of fine and cunning workmanship to the very resemblaunce of a liue Peacocke â—…ange wonâ—…rs â—…gh tides Also many wonders chaunced about the same time The Sea rose with most hygh tydes Ryuers were so fylled with abundance of water by reason of the great continual rayne that maruellous finddes followed therevpon Comete A Comet also appeared and many high buyldings were striken by force of teÌ„pestes â—…e deceasse Walther â—…chbyshop of â—…orke The death of Walther Archbyshop of Yorke followed these prodigious woÌ„ders who had gouerned that see the space of fortie yeares After him succeeded one Seuall the 34. Archbishop of that Citie â—…nor the â—…fe of Prince â—…ward comâ—…eth to the â—…tie About the feast of Saint Etheldred the Lady Eleanor wife of Prince Edwarde the Kinges sonne came to London where she was honorably receyued of the Citizens and conueyed thorough the Citie to S. Ioanes withoute Smithfielde and there lodged for a season and ere long she remoued vnto the Sauoy It was not long after that the King seased the liberties of the Citie of LondoÌ„ into his haÌ„ds for certayne money whiche the Queene claymed as due to hir of a certayne right to be payde by the Citizens so that about the feast of Saint Martine in Nouember The liberties of the Citie restored to the Londoners they gaue vnto the Kyng foure hundred markes and then had their liberties to them againe restored and the Kings vnder treasorer discharged the whiche for the tyme was made custos or keeper of the Citie A Legate froÌ„ the Pope named Ruscand a Gascoigne This Ruscand also assoyled the King of his vowe made to goe into the holy lande to the ende he might goe against Manfred King of Sicill He also preached the Crosse against the same Manfred promising all those remission of theyr sinnes which should goe to warre against Manfred The Crosse preached against MaÌ„fred as well as if they shoulde goe into the holye land to warre againste Goddes enimies there whereat faithfull men much maruelled that hee should promise as greate meede for the sheading of Christian bloud as of the bloud of Infidels The fetches whiche were vsed in this season by this Ruscande and the Bishop of Hereforde and other theyr complices for to get money of the Prelates and gouernoures of Monasteries within this Realme were wonderfull and right greeuous to those that felt themselues oppressed therewith and namely for the debt whyche the sayde Byshoppe of Hereforde hadde charged them with they beeyng not priuie to the receypt nor hauing any benefite thereby This yeare after Saint Lukes day An. reg â—… the kyng assembled a great number of the nobilitie of LoÌ„don and thither came the Bishop of Bolognale Grasse from the Pope Edmond 〈◊〉 Kings sâ—… iâ—… of Siciâ—… Naples Chrâ—… 〈◊〉 bringing with him a ring with the which he inuested Edmond the Kyngs sonne King of Sicil and Naples About y e same time the burgesse of Derby obteyned of the King for a summe of money to haue the Iustices Innerantes to holde their assises at Derby for the Countie of Derby and likewise the Sheriffes to keepe their tourneys there and not at Nottingham as before they had bin accustomed for both the Shires But now to returne to the Bishops In the meane time the Byshop of Hereforde and Ruscand sought to set variance and discorde amongst the English Prelates whereby beeyng deuided in partes and not consenting togither they should be lesse able to giue true information to the Pope how the very troth rested But finally bycause the Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury was in the parties of beyoÌ„d the Sea and for that also the Sea of Yorke was vacante The Coâ—… proâ—…ogeâ—… and diuers Byshops were absent the Counsell was proroged till the feast of Sainte Hillarie and so they departed euery man to his home in a maruellous doubt what way were best for them to take for they saw themselues in great distresse if Ruscand did suspend or excoÌ„municate any of them eyther iustly or otherwise For sure they were that the K. as a Lion lying in awayte whome he myght deuoure to get money after 40. days wer past The King â—…eth in 〈◊〉 for men goodes if they submitted not theÌ„selues would despoile theÌ„ of al their goodes as forfeited so y t the Pope the K. semed as though y e shepherd Woulf had bin coÌ„federate togither to y e destructioÌ„ of y e pore flocke of the Sheepe
thereto than follow his olde maners considering that it might be well perceyued that if he continued in the encouraging of the king to lewdnesse as in tymes past he had done he could not thinke but that the Lordes woulde bee readie to correct him as by proufe he had nowe tryed their meanings to be no lesse Herevpon to retaine amitie 1309 An. reg 3. Hen. Marle as was thought on both sydes Pierce by consent of the Lordes was restored home againe the king meeting him at Chester to his great comfort and reioysing for the time although the malice of the Lordes was such that such ioy lasted not long In the fourth yeare of king Edwarde was a Councell holden at London agaynst the Templers 1310 An. reg 4. The addition to Triuet the which Councell endured froÌ„ the beginning of May till Iune In this councell they confessed the fame but not the fact of the crymes layde to theyr charge except two or three ribalds that were amongst them but bycause they could not cleare themselues they were adiudged to perpetuall penance within certaine Monasteries The king this yeare fearing the enuie of the Lordes agaynst Pierce de Gaueston The Earle of Cornwal placed in Bambourgh castel placed him for his more safetie in Bambourgh Castell bearing the Prelates and Lordes in hande that hee had committed him there to prison for theyr pleasures This yeare also there were ordinances made for the state and gouernment of the Realme by the Prelates Earles and Barons which were confirmed with the sentence of excomunication agaynst all them that should goe about to breake the same The king neither allowed of them nor obserued them although he had confirmed them with his seale and sent them to all Cathedrall Churches and Counties to be registred in perpetuall memorie thereof Polidor The king in deede was lewdly ledde for after that the Earle of Cornewall was returned into Englande he shewed himselfe no chaungeling as writers do affirme but through support of the kings fauour bare himselfe so high in his doings which were without all good order that he seemed to disdaine all the Peeres and Barons of the realme Also after the olde sort he prouoked the king to all naughtie rule and riotous demeanor and hauing the custodie of the kings Iewels and treasure he tooke out of the Iewelhouse a table and a paire of trestels of golde which he deliuered vnto a marchant called Aymerie de Friscobalde Caxton commaunding him to conuey them ouer the Sea into Gascoigne Thys table was iudged of the common people to belong sometime vnto king Arthure and therefore men grudged the more that the same shoulde thus be sent oute of the Realme 1311 Rich. South An. reg 5. The king this yeare raysed a great power to goe into Scotlande And about the feast of the Assumption of our ladie hauing with him Piers de Gaueston Earle of Cornwall and the Earles of Gloucester and Warren Berwike fortified he came to Berwike which town he caused to be fortified with a stroÌ„g wall and a mightie deepe ditch and although the other Earles woulde not come to serue him in that voyage The king entred into Scotlande by reason of a newe variaunce risen amongest them yet hee marcheth forth into Scotland to seke his aduersary Robert le Bruce but Robert refusing the battaile kept him forth of the way so that the king was driuen to return to Berwike againe without meeting with his enimies And he was no sooner come backe but the sayde Robert and his people enter into Louthian sore molesting such as were yeelded to the king of England The king aduertised thereof followed them but coulde do no good and so returned The Erle of Cornewall lay at Rokesbourgh and the Earle of Gloucester at Norham to defend those parties After Candlemasse the King sent the Earle of Cornewall with two hundred men of armes to Saint Iohns towne beyond the Scottish sea who receyued to the kings peace all those that inhabited beyonde that Sea vp to the Mountains The king lay still at Berwike but the Earles of Gloucester and Warren after the beginning 〈◊〉 Lent rode into the forest of Selkyrke and receyued the Foresters and other the inhabitants thâ—… to the kings peace In this fifth yere of the kings raigne but somwhat before this present in the yeare .1310 Henry Lacie Earle of Lyncolne gouernor of England in the kings absence departed this life in which place the Earle of Gloucester was chosen gouernour and therefore hee returned nowe 〈◊〉 Englande This Earle of Lyncolne was vailed in the new worke at Pauls Lying on his death bed be requested as was reported Thomas erle of LaÌ„caster that had maried his daughter that in any wise he should stand with the other Lords in defence of the common wealth and to maintein his quarel against the Earle of Cornwall which request Erle Thomas faithfully accomplished for by the pursute of him and of the Earle of Warwike chiefly the sayd Earle of Cornwall was at length taken and beheaded as after shal appeare Some write that king Edward the first vpon his death bed charged y e Erles of Lincolne Warwike and Pembroke to foresee that the foresayde Pierce returned not again into England least by his euill example hee might enduce his sonne the Prince to lewdnesse as before hee had alreadye done Thomas Erle of LaÌ„caster came toward Berwike to do homage to the king for the Erledome of Lincolne fallen to him in right of his wife now after the deceasse of hir father the late Earle of Lincolne But he was councelled not to goe forth of the Realme to the king so that thervpon rose no small displeasure great doubt least there would haue followed ciuil warres about it Neuerthelesse at length the king was perswaded to come ouer the water vnto Hagerston foure myles distaunt from Berwike and there receyued homage of the Earle so they continued friends and for that tyme departed asunder in louyng maner The Lords perceyuing the mischief that dayly followed and encreased by that naughtie man as they tooke it the Erle of Cornwal Fabiaâ—… Hen. Mâ—… assembled at Lyncolne and there tooke counsaile togyther and concluded eftsoones to banish him out of the Realme and so therevpon shortly after about Christmasse as some write or rather as other haue within the quindene of Saint Michaell Ri. Saith The Earle 〈◊〉 Comâ—…wall â—…nished into Flaunders he was exyled into Flaunders sore agaynste the Kings wyll and pleasure who made suche account of him that as appeared hee coulde not bee quiet in mynde withoute hys companye and therefore about Candlemasse hee eftsoones reuoked hym home 12â—… But hee beryng nothing at al amended of those hys euill manners rather demeaned himself worse than before he had done namely towardes the Lordes agaynst whome vsing reprochfull speech hee called the Earle of Gloucester bastarde the Earle of Lyncolne lately deceassed bursten belly the
done they set fire in the castell and departed to Roan with their bootie and prisoners Thus maye ye see that in warre nothyng is certain and victorie is euer doubtfull whiche sometyme smyled on the Englishe parte and sometime on the Frenche side according to hir variable nature But nowe to speake somwhat of the doings in England in the meane tyme. Whylest the men of war were thus occupied in martiall feates and dayly â—…irmishes within the Realme of Fraunce ye shall vnderstande that after the Cardinall of Winchester and the Duke of Gloucester were to the outward apparaunce of the worlde reconciled eyther to other the Cardinall and the Archebyshop of Yorke ceassed not to do many things without the consent of the King or of the Duke A nevv breach â—…etvveene the Duke of Glouâ—…ster and the â—…ishoppe of â—…Vinchester being during the minoritie of the K. gouernour and protector of the Realme wherfore the sayde Duke lyke a true hearted Prince was nothyng pleased and therevppon in wrytyng declared to the Kyng wherein the Cardinall and the Archebyshoppe hadde offended both his Maiestie and the lawes of the realme This complaynt of the Duke of Gloucester was conteyned in foure and twentie articles as in the Chronicle of Maister Hall ye may reade at full the whyche for breefenesse I here omitte But the chefest point rested in that it was apparant howe the Cardinall hadde from tyme to tyme through the ambitious desyre to surmount all others in high degrees of honour and dignitie sought to eâ—…che himselfe to the great apparant hynderaunce of the king as in defraudyng hym not onely of his treasure but also in doing and practising thyngs greatly preiudiciall to his affaires in Fraunce and namely by settyng at libertie the Kyng of Scottes vpon so easy conditions as the Kynges Maiestie greately loste thereby When the Kyng hadde hearde the accusations thus layde by the Duke of Gloucester agaynste the Cardinall he commytted the examination thereof to his Counsell whereof the more parte were spirituall persons so that what for feare and what for fauoure the matter was winked at and nothyng sayde to it onely faire countenance was made to the Duke as though â—…o malice hadde beene conceyued agaynst hym but venym wyll breake out and inwarde grudge wyll soone appeare whiche was thys yeare to all men apparant for dyuâ—…rs secrete attemptes were aduaunced forwarde thys season agaynst thys noble man Humfrey Duke of Gloucester a farre off whiche in conclusyon came so neere that they bereâ—…te hym bothe of lyfe and lande as shall hereafter more playnly appeare For fyrst this yeare Dame Eleanore Cobham wyfe to the sayde Duke was accused of treason for that shee by sorcerie and enchauntement entended to destroy the kyng to the intent to aduaunce hir husbande to the Crowne Vppon thys shee was examined in Sayncte Stephens Chappell before the Byshop of Canterbury and there by examination conuicte and iudged to doe open penaunce in three open places wythin the Citie of London and after that adiudged to perpetual imprisonmeÌ„t in the ysle of Man vnder y e keping of sir Io. Stanley knight At the same season were arrested arrayned and adiudged gyltie as ayders to the Duchesse Thomas Southwell Prieste and Chanon of Saynte Stephens at Westminster Iohn Hun priest â—…s Iohn 〈◊〉 Roger Bolyngbrooke a cunning Necromancer as it was said and Margerie Iordayn surnamed the Witche of Eye The matter layde against them was for that they at the requeste of the sayde Duchesse had deuysed an Image of waxe representyng the Kyng whiche by their sorcerie by little and little consumed entendyng thereby in conclusion to waste and destroye the Kyngs persone Margerie Iordayne was brente in Smyshfielde and Roger Bolyngbrooke was drawne to Tyborne and hanged and quartered taking vpon his death that there was neuer any suche thing by them imagined Iohn Hun hadde his pardon and Southwell dyed in the Tower before execution The Duke of Gloucester bare all these thinges paciently and sayd little Edward son to the duke of Yorke was borne this yeare the .xxix. of Aprill at Roan King Edvvard the fourthe borne his father being the Kings lieutenant of Normandie 1442 The Counsell of Englande forgat not the late enterprise of the Frenche king An. reg 21. atchieued in the Duchie of Guyenne and therfore doubting some other the lyke attempte they sente thyther Syr Wyllyam Wooduile wyth eyght hundred menne to fortifye the frontiers and farther set foorth a proclamation that all men which wold transporte anye Corne Cheese or other victuall thyther shoulde pay no maner of custome or tallage whyche licence caused the Countrey of Aquitayne to bee well furnyshed of all thynges necessarye Aboute this season Iohn the valiaunt Lorde Talbot for his approued prowes and tried valiancie shewed in the Frenche warres Iohn Lorde Talbot creâ—… Earle of Shrevvebury was created Earle of Shrewesbury and with a companie of three thousande menne sente agayne into Normandie for the better defence of the same In this yeare dyed in Guyenne the Countesse of Comynges 1443 to whome the French king and also the Earle of Arminacke pretended to be heyre insomuche that the Earle entred into all the landes of the sayde Ladie and bycause hee knewe the Frenche Kyng woulde not take the matter well to haue a Roulande agaynste an Olyuer he sente solemne ambassadours to the king of Englande offeryng him his daughter in mariage wyth promyse to be bounde beside greate summes of money whyche hee woulde giue wyth hir to deliuer into the Kyng of Enlands handes all suche Castelles and Townes as he or his auncesters deteyned from him within any part of the Duchie of Acquitayne eyther by conquest of his progenitors or by gifte or deliuerie of any Frenche king and further to ayde the same Kyng wyth money for the recouerye of other Cityes wythin the same Duchye by the Frenche Kyng or by any other persone from hym vniustly kept and wrongfully withholden Thys offer seemed so profytable and also honorable to King Henry and to the realme that the Ambassadours were well hearde honourably receyued and wyth rewardes sente home into theyr countrey After whome were sente for the conclusion of the marriage into Guyenne sir Edwarde Hull sir Robert Ros and Iohn Graâ—…ton deane of S. Seuerines the whyche as all the Chronographers agree both concluded the marryage and by proxie affyed the yong Ladye The Frenche kyng not a little offended herewyth sent his eldest sonne Lewes the Dolphyn of Vyenne into Rouergue wyth a puissant armye whyche tooke the Earle and hys youngest sonne with both his daughters and by force obteyned the countreyes of Arminack Lovuergne Rouergue and Moulessonoys beside the cities Seuetac Cadeac and chased the bastarde of Arminack out of his countreyes and so by reason hereof the concluded mariage was deferred and that so long that it neuer tooke effect as hereafter it may appeare Thus whylest England was vnquieted and Fraunce by spoyle
wooddes Mountaynes bogges and such other places of refuge as they knew to be at hand whither the Romaynes durst not followe nor once approche for feare to bee entrapped and enclosed by the Britaynes that were ready to returne and assayle their enimies vppon euery occasion of aduauntage that myghte bee offered This manner of dealing sore troubled the Romaynes and so hindred them in their procedings Dion Cassius that no speedy ende coulde bee made of that war the Britaynes woulde oftentimes of purpose lay their Cattell as Oxen Kyne Sheepe and suche like in places conueniente to bee as a stale to the Romaynes and when the Romaynes shoulde make to them to fetche the same away being distant from the residue of the army a good space they would fall vpoÌ„ them and distresse them Beside this the Romaynes were muche anoyed with the vnwhole somnesse of the waters whiche they were forced to drinke and if they chanced to stray abrode they were snapped vp by ambushes which the Calidonians layde for them and when they were so feeble that they could not through wante of strength keepe pace with their fellowes as they marched in order of battell they were slayne by their owne fellowes least they should be left behinde for a pray to the enimies Hereby there died in this iourney of the Romaine army at the point of fiftie thousand men but yet woulde not Seuerus returned till he had gone through the whole Isle and â—…o came to the vttermost partes of all the Countrey now called Scotland and finally came backe agayne to the other parte of the Isle subiect to the Romaynes the inhabitantes whereof named by Dion Cassius Meatae but first he coÌ„streyned the other whome the same Dion nameth Caledonij to conclude a league with him with such conditions as they were compelled to departe with no small portion of the countrey and to deliuer vnto him their armour and weapons In the meane time the Emperoure Seuerus being worne with age fell sicke so that hee was constreyned to abide at home within that part of the Ile which obeyed y e Romans and to appoint his son Antoninus to take charge of the army abrode But Antoninus not regarding y e enimies attempted little or nothing againste them but soughte wayes howe to winne the fauoure of the souldiers and men of war that after his fathers death for which he dayly looked he mighte haue their aide assistance to be admitted Emperoure in his place Nowe when hee saw that his Father bare out his sicknesse longer time than he would haue wished he practised with Phisitions and other of his fathers seruaunts to dispatche him by one meane or other Whilest Antoninus thus negligeÌ„tly looked to his charge the Britaynes began a new Rebellion not only those y t were lately ioyned in league with the Emperoure but the other also whiche were subiects to the Romane Empire Seuerus tooke suche displeasure that he called togither the Souldiers and commaunded them to inuade the countrey and to kill al such as they might meete with in any place withoute respect and that hys cruell commaundement he expressed in these verses taken out of Homer Nemo manus fugiat vestros caedemque cruentam Iliaduâ—… Non foetus grauida mater quem gessit in aluo Horrendam effugiat caedem Let none escape your bloudy handes nor diresome slaughter flie No not the babe vnborne which in the mothers wombe doth lie But whilest he is thus disquieted with y e Rebellion of the Britaynes the disloyall practises of his son Antoninus which to him were not vnknowen For the wicked sonne had by diuers attempts discouered his trayterous and vnnatural meanings At leÌ„gth rather through sorrow and griefe than by force of sicknesse he wasted away 〈…〉 Dion Caâ—… departed this life at Yorke the third day before y e Nones of February after he had gouerned the Empire by the space of .17 yeeres .8 moneths â—… days He liued .65 yeres .9 moneths .17 days he was borne the third Ides of April by that which before is recited out of Herodyan Dion Cassius of y e maners vsages of those people agaynst whome Seuerus helde war heere in Britayne it may be coniectured y t they were the Pictes the whiche possessed in those dayes a greate parte of Scotland and with continual incursioÌ„s rodes wasted destroied y e bordures of those countreys which were subiect to the Romains To kepe theÌ„ back therfore to represse their inuasions Seuerus as some write either restored y e former wall made by Adrian â—â—opius 〈◊〉 or else newely buylt an other ouerthwarte the yle from the east sea to the west â—… Cassius conteining in length .232 miles This wall was not made of stone but of turfe earth supported with stakes pyles of wood 〈◊〉 and defended on the back with a deepe trenche or ditche also fortified with diuers toures turrets buylt and erected vpon y e same wall or rampire so nere togither 〈◊〉 Boetius that the souÌ„d of trumpets being placed in the same might be hearde betwixte and so warning giuen from one to an other vpon the fyrste descrying of the enimies Caraussius CAraussius Caraussius a Briton of vnknowen birth as witnesseth the British histories after he had vaÌ„quisht slain Bassianus as y t same histories make meÌ„tioÌ„ was of the Britayne made kyng and ruler ouer them in the yeare of ouer Lorde .218 218. Galfrid as Galfr. hath but W. Harrison noteth it to be in an .286 This Caraussius either to haue the ayd and support of the Picts Polycron Fabian as in the British historie is conteined either else to be at quietnes with them being not otherwise able to resist theÌ„ gâ—… to them the couÌ„treis in the south partes of Scotlande which ioyne to England in the cast in â—â—ches as Mâ—…rs Louthian and others But here is to be noted Galfridus that the British writers affirme that these Pictes y t were thus placed in the south parts of Scotland at this time were brought ouer out of Scythia by Fulgentius 〈◊〉 him against Seuerus that after the death of Seuerus and Fulgentius which both died of hurtes receyued in the bataile fought betwixt theÌ„ at Yorke the Picts tooke part with Bassianus at length betrayed him in the battaile which he fought against this Caraussius for he corrupting them by such practises as he vsed they turned to his side to the ouerthrowe 〈◊〉 destruction of Bassianus for the which â—…raitreâ—…s part they had those south countreys of Scotland giuen vnto them for their habitation But by the Scottish writers it should appere that those Pictes whiche ayded Fulgentius and also Caraussius were the same that long before had inhabited in the north parts of Britayne nowe called Scotland But whatsoeuer they were trouth it it is as the British histories record that at leÌ„gth one Alectus was sent from Rome by the
purpose indeede was not to haue poysoned the King but onely the yong Gentleman the which drinking after the King died also the poyson was so strong and vehement A 〈◊〉 of the kings of the West Saxons agaynst their wiues For hir heynous cryme it is sayde that the Kings of West Saxons woulde not suffer their wyues to be called Queenes nor permitte them to sit with them in open places where their Maiestie shoulde bee shewed of manye yeares after Ethelburga fearing punishment fledde into Fraunce with greate ryches and treasure and was wel cherished in the Court of King Charles at the first but after she was thrust into an Abbey and demeaned hirself so lewdly there The ende of Ethelburga Simon Dan. in keeping companie with one of hir owne Countrey men that shee was banished the house and after died in great miserie Egbert king of Mercia departing this lyfe after he had raigned foure Monethes VVil. Mal. Kenulf ordeyned his cousin Kenulfe to succeede in his place which Kenulfe was come of the lyne of Penda king of Mercia as rightly decended from hys brother Kenwalke This Kenulfe for his noble courage wisedome and vpryght dealing was worthie to be coÌ„pared with the best Princes that haue raigned His vertues passed hys fame nothing hee dyd that enuye coulde with iuste cause reproue At home hee shewed hymselfe godlye and â—â—ligious in warre hee became victorious The Archbishops sea restored to Canterburie hee restored the Archbishoppes Sea agayne to Canterburie wherein hys humblenesse was to be praysed that made no accounte of any worldly honour in hys Prouince so that the order of the auncient Canons might be obserued Hee had warres left him as it were by succession from his Predecessour Offa agaynste them of Kent and therevppon entering that Countrey wyth a mightie armie wasted and spoyled the same and encountering in battayle wyth King Edbert or Ethelbert otherwise called also Preâ—… The king of Kent takeâ—… prisoner ouerthrewe his armie and tooke him prysoner in the fielde but afterwardes he released him to his great prayse and commendation For where as hee buylded a Churche at Winchcombe vpon the day of the dedication thereof hee ledde the Kentishe King as then hys prysoner vp to the highe Aulter and there sette him at libertye declaring thereby a greate proufe of hys good nature There was present at that sight Cuthred whoÌ„ he had made king of Kent in place of Ethelbert or Edbert with .xiij. Bishoppes and ten Dukes The noyse that was made of the people in reioysing at the kings bounteous liberalitie was merueylous For not only he thus restored y e Kentish King to libertie Kenulfes liberality-towards Churchmen which was not forgotten by them in their histories but also he bestowed greate rewards vpon all the Prelates and noble men that were come to the feast euery Priest had a peece of golde and euery monke a shilling Also hee gaue away great giftes amongst the people and founded in that place an Abbey endowing the same with great possessions Finally after he had raigned .24 yeares he departed this life and appoynted his buriall to be in y e same Abbey of Winchcome leauing behind him a son named Kenelme who succeeded his father in the Kingdome but was soone murthered by hys vnnaturall sister Quenbred the seuenteenth of Iuly as hereafter shall be shewed After that Alrike the last of K. Witchtredes sonnes which raigned in Kent successiuely after their father was dead the noble ofspring of the kings there sore decayed and begaÌ„ to fade away so y t euery one which eyther by flattering had gote riches togither or by seditious pertaking was had in estimation sought to haue the gouernmeÌ„t and to vsurp y e title of King abusing by vnworthy meanes the honor and dignitie of so high an office Amongst other Edbrigâ—â— one Edbert or Edelberte surnamed also Prenne gouerned the Kentishmen for the space of two yeres was in the ende vanquished by them of Mercia and taken prisoner as before is said so that for a time he liued in captiuitie although afterwardes he was set at libertie yet was he not receyued againe to the Kyngdome so that it is vncertaine what end he made Cuthred that was appointed by Kinevulfe y e K. of Mercia to raigne in place of the saide Edberte or Edelbert continued in the gouernement eyght yeres as king rather by name than by acte inheriting his predecessors euill happe and calamitie through factions and ciuill discord After that Iambrith or Lambert the Archbishop of Canterburie was departed this life Lambert one Edelred was ordeined in his place vnto whome the primacie was restored which in his predecessors time was taken away by Offa K. of Mercia as before is recited Also after y e deathe of Eubalde Archbishop of Yorke another of the same name called Eubald the second was admitted to succeede in that see After that Brightrike y e K. of West Saxons was departed this life messengers were sent with all speede into Fraunce to giue knowledge thereof vnto Egberte which as before is shewed was constreined by the saide Brightrike to departe the countrey At the first he withdrew vnto Offa K. of Mercia with whom hee remained for a tyme til at length through suite made by Brightrike he perceiued hee mighte not longer continue there withoute danger to be deliuered into his enimies hands and so Offa winking at the matter he departed out of his countrey and gote him ouer into Fraunce but being now aduertised of Brightrikes death and required by earnest letters sente from his friends to come and receiue the gouernment of the Kingdome he returned with al conuenient speede into his countrey and was receyued immediately for King Egbert receyued King of West Saxons His lignage by the generall consent of the West Saxons as well in respect of y e good hope which they had conceiued of his worthy qualities and aptnesse to haue gouernement as of his royall lignage beeing lineally discended from Inegild the brother of K. Inas as sonne to Alkemounde that was the sonne of one Eaffa which Eaffa was sonne to Ope the sonne of the foresayd Inegild THis Egbert began his raigne in the yeare of our Lord 8â—… Egbert 802. as Simon Dunel and M. W. hath 〈◊〉 but 801. as William Harrison 〈◊〉 it our of Mal. whiche was the fourth yeare almost ended after that the Emperour Eirine began the seconde time to rule the Empire and in the â—…4 yere of the raigne of Charles the great K. of France whiche also was in the same yere after he was made Emperour of the West and about the second yere of Conwall King of Scottes VVil. Mal. After that Cuthred K. of Kent had raigned .8 yeres as before is mentioned he was constreyned to giue place vnto one Baldred that tooke vppon him the gouernment and raigned the space of .18 yeres without any greate authoritie for his subiects regarded him but
shine thereof gaue light ouer all Englande and telling hir dreame to an ancient Gentlewoman the same Gentlewoman coniecturyng by the dreame that whiche folowed tooke care of hir and caused hir to bee brought vp in good manners and lyke a Gentlewoman though she were borne but of base parentage Herevpon when she came to ripe yeares king Edwarde by chaunce commyng to the place where she was remaynyng vpon the first sighte was streight rauished with hir beautie whiche in deede excelled that she coulde not reste till he had his pleasure of hir and so begat of hir the forsayde Adelstane By hir he had also a daughter that was maryed vnto Sithrike a Dane and king of Northumberlande Mat. VVest Polyd. The Scottish writers name hir Beatrice but oure writers name hir Editha His seconde or rather his fyrst wyfe if he were not maried to Eguina mother to Adelstane highte Elfleda or Elfrida and was daughter to one erle Ethelme by hir he had issue two sonnes Ethelward and Edwyn which immediatly departed this life after their father The issue of K. Edvvard vj. daughters Elfleda Edgiua Ethelhilda Ethilda Egditha Elfgiua Elfleda becam a Nūne◅ and Ethelhilda also liued in perpetuall virginitie but yet in lay habite Egditha was maried to the king of Fraunce Charles Alias Edgiua surnamed Simplex VV. Malm. And Ethilda by help of hir brother Adelstan was bestowed vpon Hugh sonne to Robert earle of Paris for hir singular beautie moste highly estemed for nature in hir had shewed as it were hir whole cunning in perfecting hir with all gifts and properties of a comely personage Edgiua and Edgitha were sent by their brother Adelstan into Germanie vnto the Emperour Henry who bestowed one of them vpon his sonne Otho that was after Emperor the firste of that name and the other vnto a duke inhabiting about y e Alpes By his last wife named Edgiua he had also two sonnes Edmunde and Eldred the whiche both reigned after their brother Adelstane successiuely Also he had by hir two daughters Edburge that was made a Nunne and Edgiue a lady of excellent beautie whom hir brother Adelstan gaue in mariage vnto Lewys king of Aquitayn Whyles this lande was in continuall trouble of warres againste the Danes Ran. Higd. VVil. Mal. Mat. VVest as before is touched small regarde was hadde to the state of the Church insomuch that the whole country of the Westsaxons by the space of .7 yeres together in the days of this K. Edward remained withoute any Bishop to take order in matters apperteyning to the church England first accursed Whervpon the Pope had accursed the english people bicause they suffred the Bishops seas to be vacant so long a time King Edward to auoyd the cursse assembled a prouincial Coūcel .905 An. 9035 in the which the Archbishop of Canterbury Pleymond was president Wherein it was ordeyned y t where the prouince of Westsaxōs in tymes past had but .ij. bishops now it shoulde be deuided into .v. diocesses euery of them to haue a peculiar Bishoppe When all things were ordered and concluded in this Synode as was thought requisite the Archbishop was sent to Rome with rich presents to appease the Popes displeasure When the Pope had herd what order the king had taken he was contented therewith And so the Archebishop returned into his countrey and in one day at Canterbury ordeined .vij. bishoppes as fiue to the Prouince of Westsaxons VVinchester Cornevvall Shirborne VVelles Kyrton Mertis that is to wit Fridestane to the sea of Winchester Adelstanto S. German in Cornewal Werstan to Shirborn Adelme to Welles and Edulfe to Kirton Also to the prouince of Sussex hee ordeyned one Bernegus and to Dorchester for the prouince of Mertia one Cenulfe Here must ye note VVil Malms saith that Pope Formosus pronounced thys curse that where William Malmes Polichro and other do affirme y e Pope Formosus did accurse K. Edward the englishe nation for suffring the bishops seas to be vacant it cannot stand with the agreement of the tyme 904. vnlesse that the curse pronounced by Formosus for this matter long afore was not regarded till Edward tooke respect therto For the same Formosus began to gouerne the Romane sea aboute the yeare of our Lord .892 892. Polidore and liued in the papacie not past .vj. yeres so that he was deade before king Edward came to the crowne But how so euer this matter may fall out this ye haue to cōsider Although that Pleymound was sent vnto Rome to aduertise the Pope what the king had decreed and done in the ordeyning of Bishops to their seueral seas as before ye haue heard yet as Master Fore hath noted the gouernaunce and direction of the Church depended chiefly vppon the kings of this lande in those days as it manifestly appeareth as wel by the decrees of K. Alvred as of this king Edward whose authoritie in the election of Bishops as before ye haue herd seemed then alone to be sufficient Moreouer this I haue thought good to aduertise you of in this place that this Pleymond Archebishop of Canterbury of whom ye haue herd before was the .xix. in number from Augustine the first Archbishop there for after Brightwold that was the .viij. in nūber first of the englishe nation that gouerned the sea succeeded Tadvyn that sat .iij. yeres Notelyn .v. yeares Cuthberte xviij yeres Brethwyn .3 yeres Lābert .27 yeres Adelard .13 yeres Wilfred .xxviij. yeres Theologildus or Pleogildus .iij. yeares Celuotus or Chelutus .x. yeares And after them succeeded Aldred of whome King Edwarde receyued the crowne and he was predecessour to Pleymond A little before the death of king Edward H. Hunt Sithrike the king of Northumberlande killed his brother Nigellus and then king Reynold conquered the Citie of Yorke Adelstane ADelstane Adelstane the eldest sonne of king Edward began his reigne ouer the more parte of all Englande Mat. VVest VVil. Mal. 924. the yeare of our Lorde .924 whiche was in the .vj. yeare of the Emperor Henry the first in the .31 yeare of the reigne of Charles surnamed Simplex king of France .3 moneths after the burning of Pauie about the .22 or .23 yeare of Constantine the third king of Scotlande This Adelstan was crowned and sacred king at Kingston vpon Thames of Adelme the Archbishop of Canterbury which succeded Pleymond He was the .xxiiij. king in number from Cerdicius or Cerdik the first king of the Westsaxons There were in the beginning some y t set them selues against him Alfred striueth in vayn to kepe Athelstan from the gouernmēt as one Alfred a noble mā whiche practised by treason to haue kept him frō the gouernmēt but he was apprehended ere he could bring his purpose to passe sente to Rome there to trie himself giltie or not guiltie VVil. Malm. And as he toke his othe for his purgation before y e aultar of saint Peter
the same time lately come into Englande with his mother and sisters oute of Hungarie where he was borne yet for that hee was but a child and not of sufficient age to beare rule they durst not as then commit the gouernment of the realme vnto him least as some haue thought his tendernesse of age might first breed a contempt of his person and therewith minister occasion to ciuil discord wherby a shipwrak of the estate might to the great annoy and present ouerthrow of such ensue as then liued in the same But what consideration so euer they had in this behalf they ought not to haue defranded the yong Gentleman of his lawfull right to the Crowne For as we haue heard and seene God whose prouidence mightie power is shewed by ouerthrowing of high and mightie things now and then by the weake and feeble hath gouerned states and kingdoms oftentimes in as good quiet and princely policie by a childe as by menne of rype age and greate discretion But to the purpose beside the doubt whiche rested among the Lordes howe to bestowe the Crowne the manifold and straunge wonders which were seene and heard in those days betokening as men thought some chaunge to bee at hande in the estate of the realme made the Lordes afrayde and namely bycause they stode in great doubt of William duke of Normandie who pretended a right to the crowne as lawful heyre appoynted by king Edward for that he was akinne to him in the secōd and third degree Dukes of Normandie For Richard the first of that name duke of Normandie begot Richard the seconde and Emme which Emme bare Edward by hir husband Ethelred Richarde the second also had issue Richard the thirde and Robert which Robert by a Concubine had issue William surnamed the bastard that was nowe Duke of Normandie and after the death of hys cosin king Edwarde made clayme as is sayde to the crowne of Englande Whilest the Lordes were thus studying and consulting what shoulde be best for them to doe in these doubtes Haralde the sonne of Goodwin Earle of Kent Harold proclaymed king of Englande proclaymed himselfe king of England The people being not much offended therewith bycause of the great cōfidence and opinion which they had lately conceyued of his valiancie Some write among which Edmerus is one Edmerus how king Edwarde ordeyned before his death that Harold shoulde succeed him as heyre to the crowne and that therevpon the Lordes immediately after the sayde Edwardes deceasse crowned Harolde for their king and so he was sacred by Aldred Archb. of Yorke according to the custome and maner of the former kings or as other affyrme Mat. VVest he set the crowne on his owne head without any the accustomed ceremonies in the yeare after the byrth of our sauiour .1066 or in the yere of Christ .1065 after the account of the Church of Englād as before is noted But how and whensoeuer he came to the seate royall of this Kingdome certaine it is that this Harolde in the beginning of his raigne considering with himselfe howe and in what sort hee had taken vppon him the rule of the kingdome rather by intrusion than by any lawfull right he studied by all meanes which way to winne the peoples fauour Harold seketh to winne the peoples hartes and omitted no occasion whereby hee might shewe any token of bounteous liberalitie gentlenesse courteous behauiour towardes them The grienous customs also and taxes which his predecessors had raysed Sim. Dunel he either abolished or diminished the ordinarie wages of his seruauntes and men of warre he encreased and further shewed hymselfe very well bent to all vertue and godlinesse whereby he purchased no small good will of such as were his subiectes This couenaunt he made as it is supposed in king Edwards dayes when by lycence of the same Edwarde or rather as Edmerus wryteth agaynst his will he went ouer into Normandie to visite his brethren which lay there as pledges K. Harolds answere howbeit at this present Haroldes annswere to the sayde Ambassadours was that hee would be readie to gratifie the Duke in all that he coulde demaunde so that he woulde not aske the realme which alredy he had in his full possession Edmerus And further he declared vnto thē as some write that as for the othe which hee had made in tymes past vnto Duke William the same was but a constrayned and no voluntarie oth which in law is nothing Mat. VVest since thereby hee tooke vppon him to graunt that whiche was not in his power to giue hee beeing but a subiect whilest King Edwarde was lyuing for if a promised vowe or othe which a Mayde maketh concerning the bestowing of hir bodie in hir fathers house without his consent is made voyde much more an othe by him made that was a subiecte and vnder the rule of a king without his soueraignes consent ought to be voyde and of no value He alledged moreouer that as for him to take an othe to deliuer the inheritaunce of anye Realme withoute the generall consent of the estates of the same coulde not bee other than a greate peece of presumption yea althoughe hee might haue iust tytle therevnto so it was an vnreasonable request of the Duke at this present to will him to renounce the Kingdome the gouernance whereof hee had alreadie taken vpon him with so great fauor and good lyking of all men Duke William hauing receyued this answer Duke Williā efsoones sendeth to king Harolde and nothing lyking thereof hee sendeth once againe to Harolde requyring him then at the least wise that hee woulde take his daughter to wife according to his former promise in refusal wherof he could make no sound allegation bycause it was a thing of his owne motion and in his absolute power both to graunt and to perfourme But Harolde beeing of a stoute courage wyth prowde countenaunce frowned vpon the Norman Ambassadors and declared to them that his minde was nothing bent as then to yeelde therevnto in any maner of wise And so with other talke tending to the like effect he sent them away without any other answere The daughter of Duke William which Harold should haue maried was named Adeliza as Gemeticensis hath Gemeticensi and with hir as the same authour writeth it was couenanted by Duke William that Harold should enioy halfe the Realme in name of hir dower VVil. Mal. Howbeit some write that this daughter of Duke William was departed this life before the cōming of these Ambassadors and that Harold therevppon thought himself discharged of the oth and couenants made to Duke William and therefore sent them away with an vntoward answere But howsoeuer it was after the departure of these Ambassadors Polidor king King Harold doubting what would ensue caused his shippes to be newly rigged his men of warre to be mustred speedily put in a readinesse to the ende that if any sodaine
honourable estimation as fewe were founde comparable vnto him in those dayes At length requyring a safecunduyte to returne into Denmarke Ferguse with leaue returned againe from Italie into Denmarke he was licenced to depart with highe and right bountifull rewardes as in part of recompence of his good and faythfull seruice shewed during the tyme of the warres as wel in the life time of the sayd Athaulfus as also in the dayes of his predecessour the foresayde Alaryke About the same season the Bishoppes sea of Candida casa otherwyse called Quhitterne was fyrst instituted by one Ninian a preacher that tooke greate paynes Saint Ninian as the report hathe gone to instruct the Pictes and Brytaynes in the Christian fayth Hee was afterwardes reputed a Saint and the place of his buriall had in such veneration that many vsed to resort thither for deuotion sake as the maner in tymes past was when pilgrymage goings were vsed But nowe to returne where wee left touching the Pictes and to shewe the maner howe the Scottes returned againe into Albanie Yee shall vnderstande that the Pictes beeing brought into seruile bondage as before wee haue partlye declared and doubting dayly of worse to ensue they sent secrete messengers vnto suche Scottes as remayned in exyle in the Westerne Iles The Picts sent into forraine Countreys to call home the Scottes in Norway and in other partes of the worlde promising them if they woulde giue the attempt for recouerie of theyr auncient dwelling places in Albanie they shoulde bee sure of all the ayde that in them lay being readie to spende their lyues to reuenge the iniuryes whiche they dayly susteyned at the Romaines handes whose contynuall practise euer was howe to oppresse the auncient libertyes of all such Nations as came vnder theyr subiection The experience whereof they nowe felte to theyr vnsufferable greeuaunce looking for nothing else but shortlye to bee expulsed oute of theyr Countrey and dryuen to goe seeke them other places to inhabite in straunge Countreys after the manner of Outlawes as it had chaunced alreadie to the Scottes by commaundement of Maximus as before is expressed Ferguse sent vnto the Scots dispersed Ferguse vnto whom amongst other this message was chiefly directed reioyced greatly of the newes And firste conferring with the king of Denmark of whose ayde he knew himselfe assured by his aduise he sent letters abrode forthwith into Norwaye Orkney the Westerne Iles and into Ireland vnto such of the Scottish men as dwelt in those places to vnderstande theyr minde herein And beeing certifyed that they were vniuersally agreed Ferguse prepared himselfe to warre not onely to trye theyr chaunce for recouerie of theyr former estate and Kingdome but also had chosen him to be gouernour generall Captaine in that enterpryse he prepared partly at his owne costes and partly at the charges of the king of Denmarke and other of his friendes and alyes there a greate multitude both of men of warre and Shippes in purpose to passe ouer into Albanie to recouer hys Grandfathers estate whiche as it was thought myght nowe bee the more easily brought to passe sithe the Pictes woulde ayde him thereto vppon an earnest desire whiche they had to reuenge theyr owne iniuries receyued at the Romaines hands and to delyuer themselues from such throldome as they dayly felte themselues oppressed wyth doubting withall shortly to bee quite expelled out of theyr whole Countrey as they had bene forced to forgoe a great and the better part therof alreadie In this meane tyme Gratian vsurped the gouernance of Brytaine one Gratian discended of the Brytishe bloud by consent of the Romain Legate Martius both of them going agaynste theyr allegiaunce vsurped the gouernaunce of Brytayne by his owne priuate authoritie but shortly after they two falling at variance togither the one of them slue the other Martius slain And then the Souldiers not staying till they vnderstoode the pleasure of Honorius the Emperour Constantine succeedeth Martius chose one Constantine to succeed in the place of Martius who passing ouer into Fraunce was slaine there by Constantius Constantine is slaine one of the Captaynes of the sayd Honorius Victorine the other of the Romaine Legates hearing of the deathe both of Martius and Constantine The Lieutenāt of the north commeth to London remoued from Yorke vnto London the better to prouide for the safe keeping of the lande to the Emperour Honorius hys vse for that hee doubted sundrie daungers whiche might chaunce by reason the Countrey was as then vnprouided of men of warre the moste part of them beyng transported ouer into Fraunce with the forenamed Constantine and not agayne returned The Pictes enfourmed of these things The Picts send speedily vnto Ferguse sente him to make haste sith if he should haue wished worde with all speede vnto Fergus requiryng him to make haste sith if he should haue wished for a conuenient tyme a better coulde not bee deuised considering the present state of things as well in Brytayne as in other partes of the Romaine Empyre the people euerie where being readie to moue rebellion Ferguse vnderstanding the whole by suche messengers as styll came one after another vnto hym from the Pictes hee hasted to departe wyth all diligence and when all things were readie hee tooke the Sea with hys armie and within eight dayes after Ferguse arryued with his ships in Murrey Fyrth he arryued in safetie wythin the Fyrth of Murray lande with all his vesselles and people where taking lande and worde thereof beeing brought into Irelande into Orkeney and into the Westerne Iles all suche of the Scottishe lynage as lyued in those partes in exyle came wyth theyr wyues children and whose families in moste speedie wise vnto hym as thoughe the Countrey had beene alreadie recouered out of the enimies handes withoute all doubtes of further perill or businesse The Pictes also reioysing greatly at the newes of his comming ◅payred vnto hym The Picts ioyfully receyue Ferguse and shewed him all the honour that might be deuised beseeching him to pardon and forget all iniuryes and displeasures by them wroughte and contryued in tymes paste agaynste the Scottish nation sithe now they were readie for the aduauncement thereof to spende theyr lyues agaynst such as were enimies to the same The Pictes craue pardon excusing them selues Neither was the fault theyrs in that Hiergust had consented with the Romaines to banishe the Scottish people but in their auncetters who being blinded through the fayre wordes and sweet promises of the Romaines sawe not the myschiefe which they brought vpon their own heads and their posterities Therefore they desired him to renue againe the league betwixt the Pictishe and Scottish Nations with such conditions of appoyntment as it shoulde please him to prescribe Ferguse Ferguse by consent of his Nobles answerd that he was contented to stablish the league with them euen according to the tenour of the auncient agreement
filthie lust of the fleshe that hee defiled his owne doughters and for that his wife was aboute to diswade him from such vilanie he slew hyr with his owne handes A prophecie Thus continuing in his wickednesse certain yeares at length the nobles began to conspire against him so that they wold haue deuised mean howe to haue rid him out of the waye if Bishop Colman had not forbidden them that practyse prophesying as it wer by diuine inspiration that Ferquhard sore detesting his owne wicked doings should shortely be punished by the handes of Almightie God according to his deseruings And sure his wordes proued true The king is sicke for within a moneth after as the same Ferquhard followed in chase of a wolfe the beaste beeing enraged by pursuite of the houndes flewe backe vppon the king and snatching at him did wounde byte him righte sore in one of his sides immediately wherevpon whether thorough anguishe of his hurt or by some other occasion he fel into a most filthie disease for a venemous humoure with a soft consuming heate did so eate and waste hys membres and limmes that a lothesome sighte it was to beholde the same for out of his legges feete and priuie partes there issued filthie corruption and matter with so vile a sauour that vnneth myght any creature abide it His belly was swollen as though hee had ben infected with the dropsy therto was it verie hard withal Finally lyce bred so abundantly in his secrete partes that he might in no wise be rid or clensed of them The king being excō◅unicated is released Colman reioycing herat did not only release him of y e sentence of excōmunication pronoūced against him but also willed him to be of good cōfort to put his confidēce in y e mercy of almightie god who was ready to receiue al such sinners as turned vnto him with repentāt harts so that being put in hope by these y e like words of Colman to haue forgiuenesse of his sinnes with bitter teares he besought God to haue mercie vpon him humbly receiuing the sacrament got him into simple clothing of heare sackclothe Then causing himself to be born into y e next fieldes Ferquhard yeldeth vp the ghost he there yelded vp the ghost in y e presente of Colmā who according to the dutie of a good ghostly father was stil about him in exhorting him to cōmit himself wholy to the mercy of God not to doubt but he shoulde be sure to attayne the same Thus Ferquhard ended his life in the .xviij. yeare after he began his reigne ouer the Scottish men 664. and in the yeare of grace .664 There be that wryte how Penda the father also was baptised by this Colman and that the same Colman trauayled through the most parte of all the Englishe prouinces setting foorth the worde of life amōgst the people purchasing him greate fame for his woorthie merites He came to the church of Lyndefern in y e daies of Maldwyn that succeeded the last mencioned Ferquharde Lennox and Argyle are at variaunce Afterwardes there fell no small discorde betwixt them of Lennox Argile for first through brau◅ng amongst the heardes men theyr masters made a fray whereof rose suche deadly enimitie betwixt the parties by reason that the inhabitantes of the Westerne Isles ayded them of Argyle The westerne Isles take parte with Argyle Galoway with Lennox and the people of Galoway the other of Lennox that if the king had not come into those parties to apease the businesse and to haue punished the offendors there had ensued muche manslaughter to the greate daunger of the vtter ruyne of those countreys The king at his arriuall amongst them Maldwyne wēt about for to punishe the author of this commotion minded not to pursue the people that followed theyr Captaines but rather the Captaines and Authours of this tumulte themselues Whereof they hauing knowledge made an attonement togither being enforced thereto of necessitie The Captaines became frends togither and fled into the Isles so to auoyde the prepared punishment deuised by the king against them And foorthwith they fled ouer into the Isles but the inhabitants doubting the kings displeasure would not consent to succour them The Ilandmen apprehend the Captaines of the rebelles but contrary wise tooke them and deliuered them to the kings officers wherevpon they were safely conueyed to the places where they were borne and there suffered their deserued execution Thus that commotion vnaduisedly begonne was speedily appeased and the name of Maldwyn by reason hereof so feared amongst his subiectes that during his reigne no suche trouble chaunced in any parte of all his dominions After this he went ouer into Iona or Colmekill He buyldeth the churche of the abbay of Colmekill where perceyuing the Abbey Church wherin his auncestors had theyr sepultures to be in decay he caused it to be pulled quite downe and workemen foorth with set in hande to duylde it vp agayne at his owne proper costes and charges Suche speede also was vsed aboute this worke that before he departed out of this life the same was finished and dedicated vnto our Sauiour Christ and Saint Colme Aboute the same time there reigned through out the most part of the world a sore grieuous pestilence consuming a greater number of men A great pestilence death vpon earth before it ceassed then were left aliue for it continued the whole space of three yeares togither At length through cōmon prayer fastings giuing of almes and other vertuous workes the wrath of almightie God was pacified so that suche great mortalitie by his mercyfull appointment did stay and giue ouer The Scottish men were free from that infection aswel at that time Scotland was free of the pestilence and plague as also for many yeares after Neither were they in maner troubled with any sharpe feuers or agues till time that omitting the auncient and wholesome sparenesse of diet which theyr fathers in times past had vsed Riotousnesse the mother of sicknesses they fell vnto riotous banquetting and excessiue feeding whereby they became subiect vnto all kindes of diseases through malicious humors growing therevpon Colman bishop of Lyndefer seing wonderfull numbers of Englishmen perish dayly of that contagious sicknesse by licence of the king to auoyde the present daunger of death which by tarying there he saw no meanes how to escape he returned into Scotland with his disciples and after getting him ouer into one of the Westerne Isles Colman erected a monasterie he erected a monasterie there wherin he remayned during the residue of his life After the departure of Colman forth of Northumberland the people of that coūtrey ioyning with the Pictes made sundry roades into the Scottish bordures whiche iniurie when Maldwyne reuenged with more displeasure done to them of Northumberland than the Scottishmē had receiued it caused the Picts Northumbers to prepare
encounter with the Englishmenne fell streight vnto running away whiche made an open and readie breache vnto the Englishe part to attayne the victorie for the Danes beyng not able to resiste the violent force of theyr enimies encouraged nowe with the flight of the Northumbers were quickely constreyned to giue backe and in the ende to flee amayne the Englishmen and Scottes following in the chase with suche fiercenesse that all suche as they ouertooke died vpon the swoorde though they submitted themselues neuer so humbly in requiring mercie Elgarine yet chauncing to fall into his enimies handes was taken aliue Elgarine taken prysoner for so had Edmond commaunded that if any man mighte take him he should in any case sane his life that he might put him to death in moste reuell wife to the ensample of other After this and for the space of three dayes after the battayle Edmond lay still in the fieldes neare to the place where they fought and then repayred vnto Yorke where Elgarine for his treason was drawen in peeces with wilde horses Elgarine is drawen in peeces There chaunced also no notable trouble in Albion during the space of foure yeares after this sayde ouerthrow of the Danes with theyr Captaine Aualassus who is otherwise also named Anlafe as is to be seene in the English histories where the same make mention of the foresayde king Edmond whom likewise they affirme to be the brother of Athelstane and not his sonne as before is partely touched King Indulph was diligent in his office Indulph in this meane time did with greate diligence see to the good order of his realme shewyng therein what belonged to the office of a woorthy prince But euen as all things seemed to rest in peace and quietnesse through the whole Isle of Albion Hagon king of Norway The kings of Denmarke Norway enter with an army into Scotland and Helrike king of Denmarke vpon purpose to reuenge the slaughter of theyr countrey men lately made in Northumberlande came with a mightie nauie vnto the coastes of Scotland assaying to lande with their whole armie firste in the Forth then in the riuer of Tay but yet through such resistaunce as the Scottes made The enimies are put off beyng assembled togither to keepe them off they were fayne to withdrawe wasting alongst the coastes of Angus the Marnes Mar Buthqhane at length fayning as though they woulde haue taken their course homewardes they launched foorth into the high seas but within foure dayes after returning againe to the shore they laÌ„ded their people early in one morning vpon the coast of Boene They lande in â—â—ne at a place called Cullane a countrey ioyning vnto Buthqhane putting suche of the countrey people to flight as presented themselues to impeach their landing and inuasion King Indulph draweth neare towardes the enimies But Indulph being aduertised hereof forthwith assembling the whole power of his realme drew towardes that parte with such speede that hee was come into Boene before his enimies were certified that hee was set forewarde So soone therefore as they heard he was come suche as were abroade forraying the same countrey were called backe to the campe King Indulph prepared to the batayle But Indulph without protracting of time came stil foreward and vpon his approche fo the enimies he prepared to giue battayle and with a short oration began to encourage his people to fight manfully but before he coulde make an ende The Danes gaue the onset the Danes gaue the onset with suche violence that the batayle a long space continued doubtfull on bothe sides the Danes on the one parte and the Scots on the other doyng their vttermost endeuours to atchieue the victorie till at length they of Louthian with theyr Captaines Dunbar Crame began to appeare on the backe half of the Danes A supply sent vnto the Scots with whiche sight they were put in suche feare that those which fought in the fore ward retyred backe vnto the middle warde whome the Scots egrely pursuyng beat downe euen till they came vnto the rereward which coueting rather to die in the fight than to giue backe and so to be slaine in the chase for those in the rereward were heauie armed men coÌ„tinued the batayle more with a certaine stiffe stubbornesse of minde than with any great force or forecast being so ouermatched as they were and forsaken of theyr fellowes for other of the Danes The Danes fledde namely the Archers and Kernes fled theyr wayes some towardes theyr shippes and some here and there being scattered abroade in the fieldes fell into the mosses and maresse grounds and other streytes where they were slaine euery one by such as followed in the chase Indulph himself with certayne companies about him departing from his mayne batayle to discouer the fields as though al had bene quiet on eche side The king with few in his coÌ„panie falleth into the enimies daunger through negligence fell by chaunce vpon a whole bande of the Danes where the same lay in couert within a close valley being fled froÌ„ the field thither vpon the first ioyning of the batayles with the whiche entring into fight he was shot through the head with a darte and so died King Indulph was slayne with a darte died but not before he was reuenged of those his enimies the whole nuÌ„ber of theÌ„ being slaine there in the place His bodie was first buried in Cullane a towne of Boene and after translated vnto the Abbay of Colmekill and there enterred amongst other his predecessours the Scottishe kings Indulph reigned about .ix. yeares and died thus valiantly 961. hath Io. Ma. 968. though infortunately in the yeare after the incarnation 968. saith Hector Boetius Donewald aboute the time that the murder was a doing Donwald kept himselfe amongst the watchmen got him amongst them that kepte the watch and so continewed in companie with them al the residue of the night But in the morning when the noyse was reysed in the kings chamber how the king was slaine Donewalde a very dissimuler his body conueyed away and the bed all berayed with bloud he with the watche ran thither as though he had knowen nothing of the mater and breaking into the chamber and finding cakes of bloud in the bed on the floore about the sides of it he foorthwith slewe the chamberlaynes as giltie of that haynous murder and then like a madde man running to and fro hee ransacked euery corner within the castell as though it had bene to haue seene if he might haue founde either the body or any of y e murtherers hid in any pryuie place but at leÌ„gth coÌ„ming to the posterne gate finding it open he burdened the chaÌ„berlaines whom he had slaine with al the fault they hauing the keyes of the gates coÌ„mitted to their keeping al the night and therefore it could not be otherwise sayde he but that they were of counsel
was slain by chaunce through glauncing of an arrow shot at a Deare in y e new Forest then hoping to succeed him in the kingdome of England he preferred that honor to the other wherein he sawe to be more trauaile than gaine Henrie Beauclerke king of Englande But at his comming home he found that his yongst brother Henrie surnamed Beauclerke was placed in the kingdome of England and so was Duke Robert his hope frustrate of both the kingdomes and that worthily as moste men thought for that he refused so necessarie a dignitie wherein he might haue serued the common cause of the christian common wealth Maude king Edgars sister Vnto Henry Beauclerke in the seconde yeare of his raigne king Edgar maried the one of hys sisters called Maulde The other named Marie hee coupled wyth Eustace Earle of Bulloigne Eustace Earle of Bulloigne Of the whiche mariage was borne a daughter that was the only heyre of the same Eustace in the Countie of Bulloigne the which when she came to womans state was maried vnto Stephen Earle of March in England of Mortaigne in France Nephew to Henrie Beauclerke by his sister The king of Englande Henrie had issue by Queen Mauld two sonnes and two daughters William and Richard Eufamie and Maulde But now to returne to king Edgar to shew some token of thanks towards saint Cutbert for his ayd shewed as was thought in the battaile agaynst his vncle Donalde The landes of Coldingham Canulph Bishop of Durham he gaue vnto the Monkes of Durham the lands of Coldingham and to the Bishop of Durham called Canulph he gaue the towne of Berwike but for that the same Bishop wrought afterwardes treason agaynst him he lost that gyft and the king resumed that towne into his handes againe I do not finde that Edgar had any warres any way forth during all the time of his raigne Edgar rather reuerenced than dred a prince rather reuerenced than dred amongst hys subiects for his singular equitie vpright dealing He departed out of this life at Dundee in the ix yeare of his raigne 1107. Io. Ma. 1109. H. B and after the byrth of our Sauiour 1107. AFter the decease of this Edgar succreded his brother Alexander the fierce so called for his rigorous valiancie in pursuing of theeues and robbers Alexander In the beginning of his raigne the inhabitants of Murrey lande and Rosse beholding him to bee moste an ende in the Church at his prayers and diuine seruice after the maner of his parents supposed he would proue no great quick iusticier in punishing offenders therupon most presumptuously they began to rob and reaue on eche side Theues of Murrey land and Rosse not sparing to kill and slea all suche as came in their handes without respect to age or sexe in somuche that the yong infants smyling vpon the murtherers beeing aboute to execute their detestable crueltie The crueltie of theeues passed by the Sworde as well as the resysters suche rooted malice remayned in theyr beastly heartes which vpon renuing theyr olde grudges they now accordingly shewed King Alexander therefore aduertised hereof came into those parties with a competent armie Execution and apprehending the chiefe authours and captaynes stroke of their heades As he returned backe through the Mernes there came a woman vnto him weeping in lamentable sorte who fell vppon hir knees at his feete beseeching him to pitie hir case hauing lost both hir husbande and sonne The Earle of Mernes sonne by the tyrannous crueltie of the maister of Mernes who for that they had called him afore a iudge in an action of debt had slaine and murthered as well the one as the other The king moued with this detestable kinde of iniurie lyght beside his Horse and woulde not alight vp againe A righteous Iusticier till hee had seene the Authour of that heynous trespasse hanged vppon a Gybet After this comming into Gourie The Castell of Baledgar hee tooke in hande to finishe and make vp the Castell of Baledgar the foundation whereof his brother Edgar had begun that it might be an ayde to chastice a sort of theeues robbers which haunted the Wooddes thereaboutes to the great disquiet of all the Countrey He gaue also to the maintenance of that house certain landes which the Earle of Gowrie had giuen him at the Fout stone when he became his godfather Whilest he was thus busie about the furtherance of that worke diuerse of those theeues that were acustomed to liue by robberies in those parts perceiuing that this castell which the king was about to build shoulde turne vnto their destruction Treason of conspirators to haue slaine the king they conspired his death winning by rewards promises the help of the kings chamberlain to the accōplishing of their traiterous and most diuelishe practises they entered one night through a priuie into his lodging in purpose to haue slaine him as he had slept in his bed chāber but he by Gods prouidence hauing knowledge of their cōming started out of his bed caught a sword which hung neare at hand wherewith he slue first his chamberlain that had brought them in The kings manhood and then dispatched a six of the other traitors which were alreadie entred his chamber with singular force manhood the other fearing least with the noyse his seruants that lodged within the house should haue bin raised so haue hasted to assaile thē on the backs fled in all hast possible Neuerthelesse suche pursute was made after them that many of them were apprehended and vpon their examination beeing brought before the king they declared plainly howe they were encouraged to worke that treason whiche they had gone aboute by sundrie great Barons and gentlemen of the countrey Finally the matter was so handled with them that they disclosed the names of those that had thus procured them to the treason Wherevpon the king gathering an army The water of Spay he marched forth to pursue them but before he came vnto the water of Spay the conspirators had gotten togither their power were lodged on the further side of the same water to stop him from passing ouer Sir Alexander Carron The king seeing them thus assembled to impeach his passage sent his Banner man sir Alexander Carron with a chosen part of his army to passe the water The Rebels are vāquished and to fight with his enimies where by the hardie onset of the sayde sir Alexander they were quickly put to flight many of them that were taken in the chase suffered death according as they had well deserued The realme after this execution done of these offenders continued many yeares after in good tranquilitie This Alexander Carron also for that he was seene in the kings sight that day to fight moste manfully in sleaing diuers of the rebelles with a crooked sworde whiche he had in his hande of whiche sort many
meanes according as it should haue pleased hys good wil omnipotent power yet he chose this way whereby the effusion of much bloud might be auoyded whiche by ciuill battell had bin spylled if the parties hauing their harts fylled with rancoure and yre had buckeled togyther in battayle Iames Kenedy Archbishop of Saint Androws châ—…efe Chauncellor to the King But the King vsing the aduise of his kinsman Iames Kenedie Archbishop of Saint Androws compassed his purpose in the end dispatching out of the way all suche as he any wayes foorthe mistrusted of which nuÌ„ber namely were the Dowglasses whose puissance and authoritie not without cause he euermore suspected Many haue reported as before is said that in the beginning King Iames the second through feare of y e great power of these Dowglasses was in mind to haue fled the Realme but being recoÌ„forted by the counsell and authoritie of the sande Bishop Iames Kenedy he aduaunced his studie to matters of greater importaunce The sayde Kenedy turned the Earle of Angus being of the surname of the Dowglasses and brother to him by his mother to take parte with the King The practise of Bishop Kenedy He procured also diuers other of y e same bloud and surname to reuolte from the other confederates and to submitte themselues vpon promise of pardon vnto the Kings mercie and so enfeobling the forces of such as were aduersaries to the King in the ende he had them all at his pleasure It was thoughte that for so muche as the Dowglasses had their laÌ„ds lying so vpon y e west and middle Marches of the Realme that no maÌ„ might beare any rule in those partes Great power cause of suspiâ—â—â— but onely they them selues if they had happily ioined with the Englishmen considering the greate intelligence beside which they had in all other partes of the Realme what by kindred and aliaunce the Realme mighte haue falne into greate perill for truely it is a daungerous thing as Iohannes Maior saith for the estate of a Realme to haue men of greate power and authoritie inhabiting on the bordures and vttermost partes thereof for if they chaunce vpon any occasion gyuen to renounce their obedience to there naturall Prince and supreme gouernours the preiudice may bee greate and irrecouerable that oftentimes thereof ensueth as well appeareth in the Erles of March and other before mentioned in this history and likewise in Fraunce by the Dukes of Burgundy Brytayne and Normandy for till those couÌ„treys were incorporate and annexed vnto the Crowne of Fraunce the Kings of that Realme were oftentimes put to great hinderance through Rebellion by them whome they accompted for their subiects But nowe to returne where I loste after the Dowglasses were once dispatched and thyngs quieted King Iames the seconde began then to raigne and rule really not doubting the controlement of any other person Lawes ordeyned For then he ordeyned lawes for his people as seemed best to his lyking commaunding the same to be kept vnder greate penalties and forfeytures And being counselled chiefly by the Bishop of S. Androwes Iames Kenedie that was his vncle and the Earle of Orkney hee passed through all the partes of hys Realme A general pardon graunted graunting a generall pardon of all offences passed And so hee ruled and gouerned hys subiects in greate quietnesse and caused iustice so duely to be ministred on all sides that it was said in his days how he caused the rashe bush to keepe the Cowe In the yeere .1455 the King helde a Parliamente 1455 A Parliament holden in whiche were many good lawes made and established for the weale of all the Realm as in the bookes of y e actes of ParliameÌ„t is coÌ„teyned The Isles and high lande quietly gouerned He vsed the matter also in suche wise with the principall Captaynes of the Iles and of the hye lands that the same were as quietly gouerned as any part of the lowe Landes shewing all obedience aswell in paying such duties as they owed to y e King for their lands as also in readinesse to serue in the warres with greate companyes of men as became them to do Donald Earle of Rosse and Lord of the Isles Specially Donalde Lord of the Isles and Earle of Rosse who hadde before ioyned hymselfe in confederacie with the Earles of Dowglas and Crawfort agaynst the King and had taken into his hands the Kyngs house and castel of Inuernesse as before ye haue heard naming hymselfe King of the Iles. Neuerthelesse he was now at length recoÌ„ciled to the King and gaue pledges for his good demeanor and afterwards brought to the King three thousand men in ayde at the seege of Roxburgh In this meane while greate dissention rose in Englande betweene the two houses of Lancaster and Yorke the King being principall of the house of Lancaster was taken himselfe at the battell of Saint Albons Dissention in England But the Queene with hir sonne the Prince and Henry the yong Duke of Sommerset and diuers other fled into y e North parts of England and sent to the King of Scotlande to desire him of ayde who vppon good aduice taken with his counsell for that King Henry hadde euer kept well y e peace with the Realme of Scotland and also for reuenge of his vncle the Duke of Sommerset his deathe prepared an army of twentie thousande men to passe into Englande and in the meane time all the North partes of England hearing that King Iames was ready to support the Queene of England ioyned with hir and past forward into the South partes constrayning the Duke of Yorke to flee the Realme and so king Henry enioyed the gouernemente of his Realme agayne and for that time concluded an agreemente with the Duke of Yorke his aduersarie whiche lasted not long The Duke of Yorke remembring how ready king Iames was to prepare an armie in supporte of his aduersarie King Henry procured the bordurers to make incursions vpon the Scottish subiects and woulde suffer no redresse to be had nor dayes of truce kept on the borders as in time of peace the custome was King Iames inuadeth Englande Wherevpon king Iames reysed a power and in person entred with the same into EnglaÌ„d doing great hurt by destroying diuers Townes Castels and Pyles in Northumberland the Bishoprike and other partes till at length vpon faire promises made by the Englishmen hee returned into his owne countrey 1458. After this King Henry of Englande perceyuing that the Duke of Yorke by the counsell of the Earle of Warwike ceassed not to practise conspiracies against him sent eftsoones to kyng Iames requiring him of ayde against them and promised therefore to restore vnto the King of Scotland the Lands in NorthumberlaÌ„d Cumberland the Bishoprike of Duresme and suche like which the Kings of Scotland had helde before This offer was accepted and by treaties and contracts accorded sealed and enterchanged betwixt the two Princes as the Scottishmen
Captaines yeelding their winâ—â—â—gs to y e stronger This is the miserie of lawlesse people resembling the rudenesse of the rude world wherin euery maÌ„ was richer and poorer than other as he was in might violence more or lesse enabled Here began factions of the nobilitie in Irelande fauoring diuers sides that stroue for the Crowne of England For the Duke of Yorke in those ten yeeres of his gouernemente exceedingly wanne the hartes of the noblemen and Gentlemen of that land of the whiche diuers were slayne with him at Wakefielde as the contrary part was the next yeere by his sonne Edward Erle of Marche at Mortimers Crosse in Wales In which mean time the Irishe grewe hardy and vsurped the Englishe countreys insufficiently defended as they had done by like oportunitie in the latter end of Richard the second These two seasons set theÌ„ so a flote y t heÌ„ceforward they could neuer be cast out from their forcible possessions holding by playne wrong all Vlster and by certayne Irishe tenures no small portions of Monster and Connagh least in Meth and Leynister where the ciuill subiects of the Englishe bloud did euer most preuayle Edwarde the fourth And Edward the fifth Lieutenaunts and Deputies in king Edward the fourth his dayes THomas Fitz Morice Earle of Kildare Lord Iustice vntill the thirde yeere of Edward the fourth after whiche time the Duke of Clarence brother to the King had the office of Lieutenant while he liued and made his deputies by sundry turnes Thomas Erle of Desmond Iohn Tiptoft Erle of Wurcetor the Kings cousin Thomas Earle of Kildare and Henry Lord Grey of Ruthin Great was the credit of the Giraldines euer wheÌ„ the house of Yorke prospered The Butlers and likewise the Butlers thriued vnder the bloud of the Lancasters for whiche cause the Earle of Desmond remayned many yeres Deputie to George Duke of Clarence his good brother but when he had spoken certayne disdaynefull words againste the late marriage of king Edward with the Lady Elizabeth Gray the sayd Lady beeing nowe Queene caused his trade of life after the Irishe manner contrary to sundry olde statutes enacted in that behalfe The Erle of Wurceter to be sifted and examined by Iohn Earle of Wurcetor his successor so that hee was atteynted of treason coÌ„demned and forthe same beheaded at Droghedagh 1467 Campion out of Saint leger in his collections Iames the father of this Thomas Earle of Desmond being suffered and not controlled during the gouernemeÌ„t of Richard Duke of Yorke his godcept and of Thomas Erle of Kildare his kinsman put vpon the Kings subiects within the countries of Waterford Corke Keary Irish impositions and Limirike the Irish impositions of Quinio and Liuery Cartings Cariages lodings Cocherings Bonnaght and such like which customes are the very breeders maynteyners and vpholders of all Irishe enormities wringing from the poore tenantes euerlasting ceasse allowaÌ„ce of meate and money whereby their bodies and goodes were brought in seruice and thraldome so that the meÌ„ of warre Horses and their Galloglaghes lye stil vpon the fermors eate them out begger the couÌ„trey foster a sort of Idle vagabonds ready to rebell if their Lord commaund them euer non sled in stelth and robberies These euill presidents giuen by the father the sonne did exercise being L. Deputie to whome the reformation of that disorder specially belonged Notwithstanding the same faulte beeing winked at in other and with such rigor auenged in him was manifestly taken for a quarrell sought and procured 1469 Two yeeres after the sayd Earle of Wurcetor lost his head while Henry the sixt takeÌ„ out of the Tower was set vp againe king Edward proclaymed vsurper and then was Kildare enlarged whom likewise atteynted they thought also to haue rydde and shortly both the Earles of Kildare and Desmond were restored to their bloud by ParliameÌ„t Restitution to bloud Sir Rouland Eustace 1470 Fiatsbery sometime Treasorer and Lord Chancellor was lastly also Lord Deputie of Ireland He founded S. Francis Abbey beside Kilcollen bridge King Edwarde a yeere before his death honored his yonger son Richard Duke of Yorke with the title of Lieutenant ouer thys lande which he enioyed til his vnnaturall Vncle bereft both him and his brother King Edwarde the fifth of their naturall liues ¶ Richard the third Richard the third WHen this Monster of nature and cruell Tyrant Richard the third had murthered his two yong Nephewes and taken vpon hym the Crowne and gouernement of England hee preferred his owne sonne Edward to the dignitie of Lorde Lieutenante of Ireland whose deputie was Geralde Earle of Kildare that bare that office all the reigne of King Richard and a while in Henry the seuenth his dayes ¶ Henry the seuenth TO the which Earle came the wilie Priest Henry the seuenth Sir Richard SimoÌ„d Priest Lambert couÌ„terfeyt to be the Erle of Warwicke sir Richard Simond bringing with him a lad that was his Scholer named Lambert whome hee feygned to bee the sonne of George Earle of Clarence lately escaped foorth of the Tower of London And the boy could reckon vp his pedegree so redily and had learned of the Priest suche Princely behauiour that hee lightly moued the sayde Earle and many other y e nobles of Ireland tendering as well the lignage royal of Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke and hys sonne George their CountreymaÌ„ borne as also maligning the aduancement of the house of Lancaster in Henry the seuenth eyther to thinke or to faine y t the world might beleeue they thought verily this child to be Edward Earle of Warwike the Duke of Clarence his lawfull sonne And although King Henry more than halfe marred their sporte in shewing the right Earle through all the streetes of London yet the Lady Margaret Duches of Burgongne sister to Edwarde the fourth hyr Nephewe Iohn de la Poole The Lorde Louell 〈◊〉 Thomas Broughton y e Lord Louell Sir Thomas Broughton Knighte and dyuers other Captaynes of this conspiracy deuised to abuse the coloure of this yong Earles name for preferring their purpose which if it came to good they agreed to depose Lamberte and to erect the very Earle indeede nowe prisoner in the Tower for whose quarrell had they pretended to fight they deemed it likely hee shoulde haue bin made away Wherefore it was blazed in Irelande that the King to mocke hys subiectes had scholed a boy to take vppon hym the Earle of Warwikes name and hadde shewed him about London to blinde the eyes of the simple folke and to defeate the lawfull inheritour of the good Duke of Clarence theyr countreyman and protector duryng his life vnto whose lignage they also deriued title in right to the Crowne In all hast they assembled at Dublin and there in Christs Churche â—â—mberte â—â—â—ned they Crowned thys Idoll honoring him with titles imperiall feasting and triumphing reysing myghtie shoutes and cryes carrying him from thence to the Castell vpon tall
Valiue Viville Vancorde Valenges Moreouer to reduce the English people from their fierce wildnesse vnto a more ciuilitie quiet trade of life he tooke frō them all their armoure and weapons The conqueror taketh from the Englishmen theyr armour And agayne he ordeyned that the master of euery houshold about eyght of y e clocke in the euening shoulde cause his fire to be couered with ashes and thervppon goe to bed and to the ende that euery man mighte haue knowledge of that houre when hee should to goe to rest he gaue order that in all Cities Townes and Villages where any Church was there shoulde bee a Bell roong at the sayd houre whiche custome is still vsed euen vnto this daye and commonly called by the French word Cover fewe Cover few first instituted 1068 Mat. VVest Moreouer this yere on Whitsonday Mande the Wife of King William was crowned Q. by Aeldred Archbyshop of Yorke The same yere also was Henry his son borne here in England for his other two sonnes Robert and William wereborne in Normandy before hee had conquered this lande He hearde also how Edgar Etheling at the same time being in the countrey riding abroade with a troupe of Horsemen and hearing of the discomfiture of those Normans pursued them egrely and slewe greate numbers of them Polidor as they were about to saue themselues by flighte with whiche newes beeing in no small furie he made speede forwarde and comming at the last into Northumberland he easily vanquished the aforesayd Rebels and putting the chiefe Authors of this businesse to deathes hee reserued some of the rest as Captiues and of other some hee caused the hands to be chopped off in token of their incōstancie and Rebellions dealing After this he cōmeth to Yorke and there in like forte punished those that had ayded Edgar whiche done hee returned to Londō 1069 where he intended to soiourne for a season The Earle of Britayne being a mā of a stoute stomack and meaning to defend that which was thus giuen to him built a strong Castel neere to his manor of Gillingham and named it Richmont To shewe therefore somewhat also of the firste originall line of the Earles of Richmōnt that bare their title of honor of this Castell and Towne of Richmont as Leland hath set downe the same This it is Eudo Erle of Britayne the sonne of Geffrey begate three sonnes Alane le Rous otherwise Fregaunte Alane the blacke Stephan these three breethren after their fathers decesse succeeded one after another in the Earledome of Britayne the two elder Alane the red Alane the blacke died without issue Stephan begate gate a sonne named Alane who left a sonne whiche was his heire named Conane which Conan married Margaret the daughter of William Kyng of Scotlande who bare him a daughter named Constantia which Constantia was coupled in marriage with Geffrey sonne to Kyng Henry the second who had by hir Arthur whom hys Vncle King Iohn for feare to be depriued by him of the Crowne caused to bee made away as some haue written But nowe hauing thus farre stepped from the matter whiche we haue in hand it is time to returne where we left touching the Danes Surely the Danishe writers make no mention in the life of that Kanute or Cnute Albertus Grantz whiche raigned at thys season in Denmarke of anye suche voyage made by him but declare howe hee prepared to haue come into England but was letted as in their history more playnely appeareth Simon Dun. but verily Simon Dunel affirmeth that Harrold and Canute or Cnute the sonnes of Sweyne Kyng of Denmarke Math. Paris maketh mention but of Sweyne and Osberne whome he calleth breethren with theyr Vncle Earle Osborne and one Christianus a Bishoppe of the Danes and Earle Turketillus were guiders of this Danishe army and that afterwardes when Kyng William came into Northumberland hee sent vnto Earle Osborne promising to him that hee would permitte hym to take vp vittayles for his army about the Sea coastes and further to giue him a portion of money but so that he should departe and returne home so soone as the winter was passed But howsoeuer the matter wente with the Danes certayne it is by the whole consente of Writers that King William hauing thus subdued his enimies in the Northe hee tooke so greate displeasure with the inhabitauntes of the Countrey of Yorkshire and Northumberland that he wasted all the land betwixt Yorke and Durham VVil. Mal. so that for the space of sixtie miles there was left in maner no habitation for the people by reason wherof it lay wast and deserte for the space of nine or tenne yeares The goodly Cities with theyr Towers and Steeples set vp on a stately height and reaching as it were into the aire the beautifull fieldes and pastures watered with the course of sweete and pleasant Riuers if a straunger shoulde then haue behelde and also knowen before they were thus defaced hee woulde surely haue lamented or if anye olde inhabiter had bene long absent and nowe returned thither had seene this pitifull face of the countrey hee woulde not haue knowen it such destruction was made thorough out all those quarters whereof Yorke it selfe felt not the smallest portion The Bishop of Durham Egelwinus with his Cleargie fledde into holy Iland with S. Cutberts body and other iewels of the Churche of Durham Simon Dun. where they tarried three monethes and odde dayes before they returned to Durham agayne The Kings army comming into the countrey that lyeth betwixt the Riuers Theise Tyne found nothing but voyde fieldes and bare walles the people with their goodes and Cattell being fled and withdrawen into the Wooddes and Mountaynes if any thing were forgotten behinde Anno. 4. these new gestes were dilgent inough to finde it out In the beginning of the spring 1070 King William returned to London and now after all these troubles he began to conceyue greater hatred against the Englishmen than euer he hadde done before Polidor and therefore supposing hee shoulde neuer with gentlenesse winne their good willes he now determined to keepe them vnder with feare oppression a great number he banished and spoyled of all their goodes and not only such as he suspected but also those of whome hee was in hope to gaine any great portion of substance Stigand Alexander Bishop of Lincolne About the same time also the Archbishoppe Stigand and Alexander Bishop of Lincolne fled into Scotlande and there kepe themselues ◅ose for a season But the Kyng still continued in his hard proceeding againste the Englishmen in so much that now protesting how he came to the gouernance of the Realme onely by playne conquest Polidor The hard dealing of Kyng William against the Englishmen hee seyled into his hands the most parte of euery mans possessions causing them to redeeme the same at his handes agayne and yet reteyned a propertie in the most part
of whose message was to require his daughter Maude in marriage vnto the sayde Emperoure which request though shee was not paste as then fyue yeares of age hee willingly graunted vnto and shewing to the Ambassadors greate sygnes of loue Maude the kings daughter fiaunced vnto the emperour hee caused the espousels by way of procuration to be solemnized with greate feastes and triumphes which being ended he suffered the Ambassadors to departe honored with great giftes and princely rewardes Eadmerus The death of Girarde archb of Yorke Thomas the kings Chaplain succeded in that see About thys tyme also the Archbishop of Yorke Girard departed thys lyfe and one Thomas the Kyngs Chaplayne succeeded in hys place the which for lacke of money to furnish hys iourney and for other causes as in hys letters of excuse whyche hee wrote to Anselme it dothe appeare coulde not come to Canterbury for to bee sacred of the same Anselme in so shorte a tyme as was conueniente But Anselme at length admonished hym by letters that without delay he should dispatch and come to be consecrated And whereas Anselme vnderstoode that the same Thomas was purposed to send vnto Rome for hys Palle he doubted The doubt of Anselme least if the Pope should confirme him in hys See by sendyng to hym hys Palle hee woulde haply refuse to make vnto hym profession of hys due obedience Anselme vvriteth to the Pope Therefore to preuente that matter Anselme wrote to Pope Pascall requiring hym in no wise to sende vnto the nominate Archbishoppe of Yorke his palle tyll he hadde accordyng to the auncient customes made profession to hym of subiection least some contentious trouble might thereof aryse to the no small disquieting of the English churche He also aduertised Pope Pascall that bycause hee permitted the Emperour to inueste Bishoppes and didde not therefore excommunicate hym Kyng Henrye threatened that withoute doubte hee woulde resume the inuestitures agayne into hys handes thinkyng to holde them in quiet so well as he dyd and therfore he besought hym to consider what his wysedome hadde to doe therein with speede least that buylding whyche hee had well sette vppe shoulde vtterly decaye and come agayne to irrecouerable ruine For Kyng Henry maketh diligente enquirie sayeth he what order you take with the Emperor The Popes ansvvere to Anselme The Pope receyuyng and perusing these Letters wrote agayne vnto Anselme a very friendly aunswere touchyng hys cause concernyng the Archebishoppe of Yorke And as for the suffering of the Emperour to haue the inuestitures he signifyed to hym that he neyther did nor would suffer hym to haue them But that hauyng borne wyth hym for a tyme hee nowe mente very shortly to cause hym to feele the weyght of the spirituall swoorde of Saynt Peter whiche alreadye he had drawen foorth of of the scabâ—…rd ther withall to strike if he did not the sooner forsake his horrible errour and naughtie opinion There was another cause also that moued Anselme to doubte of the Archbishop of Yorke his meaning as after it appeared The Archbishop of Yorke refuseth to come vnto Canterbury to be consecrated For beeyng summoned to come and to receyue his consecration at Canterburie as already ye haue hearde thorough counsell of the Canons of Yorke he refused so to doe bycause they informed hym that if he so didde it shoulde be greately preiudiciall to the liberties of that see whose Archebishop was of lyke authoritie in all things vnto the archbishop of Canterbury so y t he was bound onely to fetche his consecration and benediction at Canterburie but in no wyse to acknowledge any subiection vnto that sea For ye must vnderstand y t there was great stomaking betwixte the clergie of the two prouinces of Canterburie and York about y e Metropolitan prerogatiue euen as occasioÌ„ serued as thei thought y e fauor of the prince or oportunitie of tyme mighte aduaunce their quarels they of Yorke slicked not to vtter their griefs in that as they tooke it some iniurie was offred theÌ„ therin 1019. The Archbishop of York being thus instructed by the canons of his church signified vnto the Archbishop Anselme the cause why he came not at his calling by Letters The copie of a parcel wherof ensueth in in this maner Causam qua differtur sacratio mea quam nemo studiosius quam ego vellet accellerare qui protulerunt noÌ„ desisluÌ„t corroborare quam ob rem quaÌ„ periculosum quam turpè sit contracoÌ„sensum ecclesiae cui praefici debeo regimen ipsius inuadere vestra discretio nouerit Sed quam formidabile quam sit euitandum sub specie benedictionis maledictionem induere The englishe wherof is this The cause why my consecration is deferred whiche no man liuing woulde wishe to bee done with more speede than I my selfe Those that haue sette it foorth ceasse not to confirme wherfore howe daungerous and how dishoneste it shoulde bee for mee to inuade the gouernance of that churche which I ought to rule withoute consente of the same your discretion ryght well vnderstandeth yea and also howe dreadfull a thyng it is and howe muche to bee auoyded to receyue a cursse vnder coloure of a blessyng But Anselme hauing alreadie written twice vnto the electeâ—… Archebishoppe of Yorke aboute thys matter and nowe receyuyng this aunswere coulde not bee quiet in his mynde to suffer it thus to reste and therevppon takyng aduice with certaine Bishops whiche he called vnto him determined to sende two bishoppes vnto the said elect of Yorke so the bishop of London as Deane to the Archbishop of Canterbury The Bishop of London deane to the bishop of Canterbury The bishop of Rochester his chaplayne and the bishop of Rochester as his chaplayn of houshold â–ª were sent to commune with him who met them at his manour of Southwell where they declared to him the effecte of their message â–ª but he deferred his answer til a messanger which he had sent to the king as theÌ„ being in NormaÌ„die was returned and so without any full answere the bishops came backe againe But shortly after there commeth to Canterbury a messenger on the behalfe of the Archbishop of Yorke with letters enclosed vnder the Kings seale by the tenour wherof the king commaunded Anselme that the consecration of the sayde Archbishop of Yorke might staye till the feast of Easter and if he might retourne into Englande by that day he promised by the aduice had therin of the Bishoppes and barons of his realme that he woulde set a direction in all matters betwixt them whereof any controuersie had bene moued heretofore or if hee coulde not returne so soone he would yet take such order that brotherly loue and concorde might remain betwixt theÌ„ When he that brought these letters required an answer Anselme answered that he wold signifie his mynde to the king Anselme sendeth to the K. and not to his maister immediatly therfore was
abolished the Pope might not sayd his nuncio with a safe conscience otherwise do than proceede against thē that made those statuts in such order as the Canons did appoint Moreouer the said nuncio declared to the king certaine daungerous practises betwixt the Antipape and the French king as to make the duke of Touraine the Frēch kings brother king of Tuskaine and Lombardie and to establish the Duke of Aniou in the kingdome of Sicille Moreouer he gaue the king to vnderstande The Pope N◅◅io open◅ the king the French king p◅y pract◅ that if the Frenche king might compasse by the Antipapes meane to bee chosen Emperour hee woulde seeke to vsurpe vpon ech mans right and therefore it stoode the king of England chiefly in hande to prouyde agaynst such practises in time And as for the treatie of peace which the Frenche men seemed so much to fauour it was to none other ende but that vpon agreement once hadde they might more conueniently compasse theyr purpose in the premisses Furthermore Nuncio the nuncio ernestly besought the king of ayd in the Popes behalf against the Frēch king if as he threatned to do he shoulde inuade him in Italie with open force The king seemed to giue fauourable eare vnto the nuncio and after aduice taken appoynted to stay till after Michaelmasse at what time a parliament was appoynted to be assembled wherein such things as he had proponed shoulde be weyed and cōsidered of some conclusion taken therein The Duke of Gloucester his iourney into Prutzen land About the same time the Duke of Gloucester went into Prutzen land to the great griefe of the people that made account by his departure as if the sunne had beene taken from the earth doubting some mishappe to followe to the common welth by his absēce The Duke of Gloucester in great fauor with the commons whose presence they thought sufficient to stay all detriments y t might chaunce for in hym the hope of the Commons onelye rested In his returne home he was sore formented with rough weather tēpestuous seas At length yet he arriued in Northumberlande and came to the Castell of Tinmouth as to a Sanctuarie knowne to him of olde where after hee had refreshed him certaine dayes he tooke his iourney homewardes to Plaschy in Essex bringyng no small ioy for his safe returne to all the Kingdome An. reg 15. The ninth of Iuly the Sunne seemed darkned wyth certaine grosse and euill fauoured cloudes comming betwixt it and the earth so as it appeared ruddie but gaue no light from noone till the setting thereof And afterwardes continually for the space of sixe Weekes aboute the midst of the day clowds customarily rose somtimes they continued both day and nighte not vanishing away at all The same tyme suche a mortalitie and death of peope increased in Norffolke and in many other Countrees of England that it seemed not vnlike the season of the great pestilence A great death in York sun dry other places In the Citie of Yorke there died .xj. thousande within a short space Henrie Percy Erle of Northumberland lieutenaunt of Calais was called home from that charge and created warden of the Marches agaynst Scotland Robert Mowbray was sent to Calays to be the kings lieutenant there A parliament at London On Fryday next after all soules day the Parliament began at London in which the knightes would in no wise agree that the statute made agaynst spirituall men for the prouiding themselues of benefices in the Court of Rome should be repelled but yet they agreed thus much that it should be tollerated so as with the kings lycence such spirituall men might purchase to themselues such benefices till the next Parliament Halfe a tenth and halfe a fiftenth were granted to the King in thys Parliament to the furnishing of the treatie of peace whiche the Duke of Lancaster was appoynted to prosecute Also conditionally a whole tenth and a whole fiftenth were graunted to him if it chaunced that hee made anye iourney that yeare agaynst the Scottes The price of corne that had continued at an high rate almost for the space of two yeres The flix gottē by excessiue feeding on fruites began to fall immediately after the haruest got in to the great reliefe of the poore which before throughe immoderate eating of Nuttes and Aples fell into the disease called the Flixe whereof manye dyed and surely as was thought the death and dearth had beene greater if the commendable diligence of the Lorde Maior of London had not beene The L. Maior of London cōmended for his careful prouision of corne from beyonde the seas in the time of dearth in relieuing the Commons by suche prouision as hee made for corne to bee brought vnto London from the partyes of beyonde the Seas where otherwise neyther had the Countrey beene able in any thing to haue sufficed the Citie nor the Citie the Countrey On Christmasse day a Dolphin that came forth of the Sea vp the Thames vnto London bridge was espyed of the Citizens as he played in the water and being followed and pursued A Dolphyn taken at London bridge wyth much ado was taken He was ten foote long and a monstrous growne fishe so as the sight of him was straunge to many that behelde him He was thought by his cōming so far into the landward to foreshew such tempests as within a weeke after did follow Ye haue heard how the matter for a treatie of peace had beene first broched by the French king by sending Ambassadours to the king of Englande to moue the same 1392 Which motion beeyng throughly considered of the estates assembled in this last Parliament it was decreed that it shuld goe forwarde as before ye haue heard and so about Candlemasse the Lorde Thomas Percy Embassadors sent to the French king to trea◅e of peace sir Lewes Clifford and sir Robert Briquet with diuerse other in their companie were sent ouer to the French king and comming to Paris founde him lodged in his house of Louvre where they declared to him the good affection of the king theyr maister towardes peace and the better to bryng it to passe they shewed that king Richardes desire was to haue some place and time appoynted for Commissioners to meete with authoritie to treate and conclude vpon articles as shoulde bee thought expedient The French king greatly honored these Ambassadors in feasting and banquetting them for the space of sixe dayes togither and for answere concluded with them that he himselfe with hys vncles and other of his counsaile would bee at Amiens by the midst of Marche nest ensuing there to abide the king of Englāds comming and his vncles if it should please them thither to come The English Ambassadors said there was no doubt but that either the K. himself or his vncles should be there at the day assigned with full authoritie to conclude any agreement that shoulde seeme
them as assistaunts Moreouer there was a tenth graunted by the clergie to be paide to the kings vse at two seuerall termes in that present yeare The Iustices reuoked out of â—…le This yere the king contrarie to his othe reuoked the Iustices foorth of Irelande whome by constraynt as before ye haue hearde he was inforced to banish therby to satisfie the noble men that woulde haue it so In this .xx. yeare of his reigne king 〈◊〉 receyuing the summes of money for 〈◊〉 the strong towne of Brest was engaged to 〈◊〉 by euill counsayle as many thought 〈◊〉 yâ—… vp to the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 vnto the Duke of Britayne by reason wherof no small sparke of displeasure arose betwixt the king and the duke of Gloucester whiche 〈◊〉 vp suche a â—…ame as it was easy to 〈◊〉 fyâ—… matter inough to frede vpon in both their brâ—…s that finally it coulde no longer be kepte dâ—… nor by any meanes quenched In the moneth of Februarye the King holding a sumptuous feast at Westminster many of the Souldiors that were newely come 〈◊〉 Brest preassed into the hall Pâ—… 〈◊〉 betvvene the K. and the duke of Gloucester â–ª and kept a 〈◊〉 together whome as the duke of Gloucester beheld and vnderstoode what they were to â—…ber howe that towne was giuen vp contrary to his mynde and pleasure it grieued him not a little and therefore as the Kyng was entred into hys chaumber and fewe aboute him he could not forbeare but brake foorth The taâ—…e betvvixt the king and the Duke of Gloucester and sayde to the king Syr saw you not those felowes that 〈◊〉 in suche number this daye in the Hall at suche a Table The King aunswered that hee â—…ewe them and asked the Duke what they were â–ª To whome the Duke made thys aunswere Syr these bee the Souldiors come from Brest and as nowe haue nothyng to take tâ—… nor yet knowe howe to shifte for their lyuyngs and â—…he woorse for that as I am enfourmed they hâ—… bin euill payde Then sayde the Kyng that is agaynste my wyll for I woulde that they shoulde haue their due wages And if any haue cause to complayne lette them shewe the matter to the Treasourer and they shall bee reasonably answered and here with he commaunded that they shoulde be appoynted to foure certaine villages aboute London Out of a french pamphlet there to remayne and to haue meate drink and lodging vpon his charges tyll they were payde Thus as they fell into reasoning of this matter the duke sayde to the kyng Syâ—… your grace ought to put your body in payne to win a strong holde or towne by feate of warre 〈◊〉 you tooke vppon you to selle or delyuer anye Towne or strong holde gotten with greate aduenture by the manhoode and policie of your nobâ—…e progenitours To this the kyng with changed countenance aunswered and sayde Vncle howe saye you that and the Duke boldely without â—…fed the same agayne not chaungyng one worde in any better sorte Whervppon the Kyng being more chafed replyed thus Thynke you that I am a Merchaunce or a verye â—…e to fell my lande by Saincte Iohn Baptist 〈◊〉 â–ª But trouth it is that oure cousin the Duke of Britayne hath satisfyed vs of all suche summes of money as our progenitours lente vnto hym and in his auncetourâ—… vpon guage of the sayd towne of Brest for the whiche reason and conscience will no lesse but that the towne shoulde therevpon be to him restored Vppon this multiplying of wordes in suche presumptuous maner by the Duke against the Kyng there kindeled suche displeasure betwixt them that it neuer ceassed to increase in flames till the duke was brought to his ende The Erle of S. Pâ—…le his couÌ„â—… to king Richarde The Earle of Saint Paule at his laste comming into England to receyue king Richardes othe for obseruing the truce had conference with the king of diuers matters The king by way of complaynt shewed vnto him how stiffe the duke of Gloucester was in hindering all such matters as he would haue forwarde not onely seking to haue the peace broken betwixt the realms of England and France but also procuring trouble at home by stirring the people to rebellion The Earle of Sainte Paule hearing of this stoute demeanour of the Duke tolde the King that it should be best to prouide in tyme against suche mischiefes as might ensue therof and that it was not to be suffred that a subiecte should behaue himselfe in suche sorte towarde his prince The kyng marking his wordes thought that he gaue him good and faithfull counsel Polidor and thervpon determined to suppresse both the duke and other of his complices and tooke more diligente regarde to the sayings and doings of the Duke thaÌ„ before he had done and as it coÌ„meth to passe that those whiche suspect any euil doe euer deme the worst so he tooke euery thing in euill part in so muche that he complayned of the Duke â–ª vnto his brethren the dukes of Lancaster and Yorke in that he should stand agaynst him in al things and seeke his destruction the death of his counsellours and destruction of his realme The Dukes of Lancaster and Yorke excuse the Duke of Gloucester to the Kyng The two Dukes of Lancaster and Yorke to deliuer the kings mynde of suspition made answere that they were not ignorant howe theyr brother of Gloucester as a man somtymes rash in woordes woulde speak oftentimes more than he coulde or would bring to effecte and the same proceeded of a faithfull hearte which he bare towardes the king for that it greeued him to vnderstande that the confines of the Englishe dominions shoulde in anye wyse bee diminished therfore his grace ought not to regard his wordes sith he should take no hurt thereby These persuasions quieted the king for a time til he was enformed of the practise which y e duke of Gloucester had contriued as the fame wente amongst diuers persons to imprison the Kyng for then the duke of Lancaster and Yorke fyrste reprouing the duke of Gloucester for his too liberal talking and perceyuing that he set nothyng by their words werein doubt least if they should remayne in the count still he would vpon a presumptuous mynde in truste to bee borne out by theÌ„ attempt some outragious enterprise Wherefore they thought best to depart for a tyme into theyr countrays that by their absence hee might the sooner learne to stay himself for doubt of further displeasure But it come to passe that their departure from the Court was the casting away of the duke of Gloucester For after that they were gone there ceassed not suche as bare hym euill will to procure the King to dispatche him out of the waye The Duke in deede sore stomacked the matter that his counsell might not be followed in al things and specially for that be sawe as he toke it that the King was â—…de by some persons that were about him
of Burbon but for so muche as the Lordes Pomiers Mucident Duras Landuras Copane Rosem and Langurante were mynded to continue still Englishe those Cities durst not well without them turne to the Frenche obeysance for they could not haue stirred out of theyr gates but those Lordes woulde haue beene readye at theyr elbowes to haue caught them by the sleeues Kyng Henrye beyng aduertised of the FreÌ„chmennes couerte meanyngs and also of the wauering myndes of the Gascoignes sente Thomas Percie Earle of Worcester with two hundred menne of armes and foure hundred archers into Guyenne to ayde and assist Sir Roberte Knolles hys Lieutenaunte there The chiefest Captaynes that accompanyed the Earle in this iourney were these Polidor fyrste hys Nephewe Sir Hugh Hastings Froissart Sir Thomas Colleuille Sir William Lisle Iohn de Grailly base sonne to the Captall de Boeuf Sir William Drayton Sir Iohn Daubreticourt also there went with him the Byshoppe of London and master Richarde Dâ—…alle or Dolley The Earle of Worcest sent into Gascoyn The Earle at his arriuall so wisely entreated the noble men so grauely perswaded the magistrates of the Cities and Townes and so gently and familiarly vsed and treated y e commons that he not onely appeased their fâ—…t and malice but broughte them to louing and vniforme obeysance receyuing of them othes of obedience and loyall fealtie whiche done hee returned agayne into EnglaÌ„d with great thaÌ„kes The Frenche King perceyuing he coulde not bring his purpose aboute neyther by inuading England Ambassadours froÌ„ the French king nor by practising with y e Gascoignes sent a solemne Ambassade into England requiring to haue his daughter y e Lady Isabel sometime espoused to King Richard restored to him agayne King Henry gently receyued those that were sente to him aboute this message and for aunswere promised to sende his commissioners vnto Calais whiche shoulde further commune and conclude with them It was not ynough that King Henry was thus troubled now in the first yere of his raigne with ciuill sedition and the couert practises of the Frenchmen but that the Scottes also tooke vpon them to make open warre against him it chaunced George Earle of Marche fleeth into Englande as in the Scottish Chronicles more at large appeareth that George of Dunbarre Earle of the marches of Scotland being in displeasure with Robert King of Scottes fledde into Englande to Henry Earle of Northumberland wherevppon the Scottishe King depriued him of all his dignities and possessions and caused his goodes to bee confiscate and after wrote to the King of England requiring hym if he would haue the twice any longer to continue either to deliuer into his possession the Erle of Marche and other Tâ—…tors to his person or else to banishe them out of his Realme and dominions The â—…swere of K. Henry to the Scottishe ambassadours King Henry discretely aunswered the Herrault of Scotland that y e words of a Prince oughte to bee kepte and his writing and Seale ought to bee 〈◊〉 plate and considering that hee had graunted a safeconduct to the Earle and his company he would neyther without cause reasonable breake his promise nor yet deface hys honor which aunswere declared to the King of Scottes hee incontinâ—…lye proclaymed open warre against the King of Englande Open war proclaymed by the kyng of Scots agaynste Englande Tho. VVals with fyre and sword Heerevpon one sir Robert Logon a Scottishe Knight with certayne Shippes well appoynted for the warre meant to haue destroyed the Englishe fleete that was come on the coastes of ScotlaÌ„d aboue Abirdent to fish there but as it chaunced he mette with certaine ships of Lynne that fought with him and tooke hym prisoner with the residue of hys companye Robert Logon takeÌ„ prisoner so that hee quite fayled of his purpose and came to the losse himselfe The same time The Iles of Okeney spoyled by English men Mortalitie of people the Englishmen spoyled also certaine of the Iles of Orkeney This sommer great deathe chaunced in thys lande manye dying of the pestilence wherewith sundry places were infected King Henrie returneth home The Scottes â—…enne in Northumberlande Iusts at York In the meane time that the K. was thus in Scotland the Scottes made a roade into Northumberlande and brenned diuers Townes in Bambourrough shire At the Kings comming backe to Yorke there were two straungers the one a Frenchman the other an Italian requiring to accomplish certayne feates of armes against sir Iohn Cornewall Ianico de Artois their request was graunted the strangers were put to the worst whereby sir Iohn Cornewall obteined the kings fauor so farforth that he married the kings sister Sir Io. Cornewall marrieth the kinges sister the widdowe of Iohn Holland Earle of Huntington Some said yet that the Knighte and the Countesse were agreed aforehand without the kings consent In the kings absence whilest he was forth of the realme in Scotland against his enimies The Welchemen rebell by the setting on of Owen Glendouer the Welchmen tooke occasion to rebell vnder y e conduct of their Captaine Owen Glendouer doing what mischiefe they could deuise vnto their english neighbours Stowe Owen Glendouer what he was This Owen Glendouer was son to an esquier of Wales named Griffith Vichan he dwelled in the parish of Conway within the Countie of Merioneth in Northwales in a place y e hight Glindourwy which is as muche to say in English as the valley by the side of the water of Dee by occasion whereof he was surnamed Glindour Dewe he was firste set to studie the lawes of the Realme became an vtter barrester or an apprentice of the lawe as they terme him and serued K. Richard at Flint Castel when he was taken by Henry Duke of LaÌ„caster though other haue written that hee serued this K. Henry the fourth Tho. VVals before he came to atteine the Crowne in roome of an Esquier and after by reason of variaÌ„ce that rose betwixt him and the L. Reginold Grey of Ruthin aboute landes which he claymed to be his by righte of inheritance when he saw that he might not preuaile finding no suche fauour in his sute as hee looked for he firste made warre against the sayde L. Grey The occasion that moued him to rebell wasting his lands and possessioÌ„s with fire and sword cruelly killing his seruauntes and tenauntes The K. aduertised of suche rebâ—… exploites enterprised by the said Owen The Kâ—… into Wales meaning to chastise the rebelles and his vnruly complices determined to chastice them as disturbers of his peace and so with an armye entred into Wales but the Welâ—… menne with their Captaine withdrew into the mountaines of Snowdone so to escape the reuenge whyche the K. meant towardes them The K. therefore did muche hurte in the Countreys with fire aid sword sleaing diuers that with weapon in hand came for the to resist him and so with a greate
true it is that the Archbishop and the Earle Marshall were brought to Pomfret to the king who in this meane while was aduaunced thither wyth hys power and from thence he went to Yorke whyther the prisoners were also brought The Archbâ—… Yorke 〈◊〉 Marshal and other put to death and there beheaded the morrowe after Whitsunday in a place without the Citie that is to vnderstand the Archbishop himselfe the Earle Marshal sir Iohn Lampley and sir Robert Plompton The Archbishoppe tooke his death verie constantly insomuche as the common people tooke it hee dyed a Martyr The Archb. puted a 〈◊〉 affyrming that certaine myracles were wrought as wel in the field where he was executed as also in the place were hee was buryed and immediately vpon such bruytes both men and women beganne to worship hys dead carkasse whom they loued so much when he was aliue tyll they were forbydden by the Kinges friendes and for feare gaue ouer to visit the place of his sepulture The Earle Marshals bodie was buried in the Cathedrall Church but his head was set on a pol aloft on the walles for a certaine space till by the king permission it was taken downe and buried togither with the bodie After the king accordingly as seemed to him good had raunsomed and punished by grieuous sines the Citizens of Yorke which had borne armor on theyr Archbishops side agaynst hym he departed from York with an army of .xxxvij. M. fighting men furnished with all prouision necessarie marching Northwards agaynst the Earle of Northumberland At his comming to DurhaÌ„ the Lord Hastings the Lord Fauconbridge sir Iohn Colleuille of the Dale sir Iohn Grisâ—… The lordes executed being coÌ„uicted of y e coÌ„piracy were there beheded The Earle of Northumberland hearing that his counsail was bewrayed and his confederates brought to confusion The Erle of NorthuÌ„berlaÌ„d â—…eth through too much haste of the Archbishop of York with three hundred horse got him to Berwicke The king comming forwarde quickly wan the Castell of Warkworth Whervpon the Erle of Northumberlande not thinking himself in suretie at Berwicke fled with the Lord Berdolfe into Scotlande where they were receyued of Dauid Lord Fleming The king comming to Berwicke coÌ„maunded them that kept the Castell against him to render it into his handes and when they flatly denied so to doe he caused a peece of artillerie to be planted agaynst one of the Towres and at the first shot ouerthrowing part thereof they within were put in such feare â—…wick castel â—…dded to the â—…g that they simplie yeelded themselues without any maner of condition wholy to remaine at the kings pleasure Herevpon the chiefest of them to wit sir William Greystock sonne to Raufe Baron of Greystocke â—…e sonne of â—… Greyâ—… and oâ—… put to â—…h â—…ton sir Henrie Beynton and Iohn Blenkinsoppe with foure or fiue other were put to death and diuerse other were kept in prison Some write that the Earle of Northumberlande at his entring into Scotland deliuered the towne of Berwike vnto the Scots who hearing of king Henries approch dispairing to defende the town against him set fire on it and departed There was not one house that was left vnburnt except the Friers and the Church After that the king had disposed things in such conuenient order as stoode with his pleasure at Berwicke he came backe The Castel of Alnewicke yelded to the King and had the Castell of Alnewike deliuered vnto him with all other the Castels that belonged to the Earle of Northumberland in the north parts as Prodhow LaÌ„gley Cockermouth Alnham and Newsteed Thus hauing quieted the north parts The K. passeth into Wales he tooke his iourney directly into Wales where he found fortune nothing fauourable vnto him for all hys attemptes had euill successe He losseth his cariages insomuche that losing a fiftie of his cariages through aboundaunce of raine and waters he returned and comming to Worcester He returneth he sent for the Archbishop of Canterburie and other bishops declaring to them the misfortune that had chaunced to him in consideration whereof he requested theÌ„ to helpe him with some portion of mony towards the maintenance of his warres for the taming of the presumpteous and vnquiet Welchmen In the meane time Hall The Marshal MountmeraÌ„cy sent to ayd Owen GleÌ„douer the Frenche king had appointed one of the Marshals of Fraunce called Montmerancie the master of his Crosbowes with .xij. M. men to saile into Wales to ayd Owen Glendouer They tooke shipping at Brest and hauing the wind prosperous landed at Milford hauen with an Cxl ships as Tho. Wals hath though Engnerant de Monstrellet maketh mention but of 120. The most part of their horses were lost by the way for lack of fresh water The Lord Berkley and Henry Pay espying their aduantage burnt .xv. of those French ships as they lay at road there in the hauen of Milford shortly after the same L. Berkley and sir Thomas Swymborne with the sayde Henrie Pay tooke other .xiiij. shippes as they came that way with prouision of vitails and munition forth of France to the ayde of the other In the meane while the Marshall Montmerancie with his army besieged the towne of Carmarden Carmarden wonne by the French and wanne it by composition graunting to the men of warre that kept it against him lycence to depart whither they woulde and to take with them all their moueable goodes The Castell of Pembrooke they attempted not esteeming it to be so wel manned that he shuld but lose their labor in attempting it Notwithstanding they besieged the towne of Hereforde west Hereford west manfully defended Engeret Monstrellet sayth they brent the townes but coulde not win the Castel which neuerthelesse was so well defended by the Earle of Arundel and his power that they lost more than they wan so they departed towards the towne of Denhigh where they founde Owen GleÌ„douer abiding for their comming with ten M. of hys Welchmen Here were the Frenchmen ioyfully receyued of the Welch rebelles and so when all things were prepared they passed by Glamorgan shire towards Worcester The suburbes of worcester burnt and there burnt y e suburbes but hearing of the kings approche they sodenly returned towards Wales The king with a great puissance followed and founde them embattailed on a high mountain where there was a great valley betwixt both y e armies so that either army might plainly perceiue the other and eyther host loked to be assayled of his aduersarie therefore sought to take the aduantage of ground Thus they continued for the space of eyght dayes from morning to night readie to abide but not to giue battaile There were manye skirmishes and diuerse proper feates of armes wrought that meane while French Lordes slaine in the which the Frenche lost many of theyr nobles and gentlemen as the lord Patroullars de Tries brother to the Marshall of Fraunce the Lorde
them I neuer imagined ne purposed any thing that mighte bee hindering or preiudice to youre person honor or estate And therefore I pray you that yee be vnto me good L. from this time forthe for by my will I gaue neuer other occasioÌ„ nor purpose not to doe hereafter by gods grace The which wordes so by him said it was decreed by the same arbitrators that my Lorde of Gloucester should aunswere and say Faire Vncle sith ye declare you such a man as yee saye I am right glad that it is so and for suche a man I take you And when this was done it was decreede by the said arbitrators that euery eache of my L. of Gloucester Winchester should take either other by y e hand in y e presence of the K. and al the Parliament in signe token of good loue and accorde the whiche was done and the Parliament was adiorned til after Easter When the greate fier of this contention betweene these two noble personages was thus by the arbitrators to their knowlege and iudgement vtterly queÌ„ched out and layd vnder hoord all other controuersies betweene other Lordes taking part with the one party or the other were soone appeased and brought to concord for â—…ye whereof the King caused a solemne feast to bee kept on Whitsonday on the which day he created Richard Plantagenet sonne and heire to the Earle of CaÌ„bridge whom his father at SouthhaÌ„pton had put to death as before ye haue hard Duke of Yorke not foreseeing that this preferment shoulde bee his destruction nor that hys seede shoulde of his generation bee the extreame ende and finall confusion He the same day also promoted Iohn Lord Mowbray Erle Marshall sonne and heire to Thomas D. of Northfolke by King Richard the seconde exiled thys Realme to the title name and stile of the Duke of Northfolke during whiche feast the Duke of Bedford adorned the King with the high order of Knighthood whiche on the same day dubbed w t the sword these knights whose names ensue Richard Duke of Yorke Iohn Duke of Norffolke The Earle of Westmerlande Henry Lord Percy Iohn Lorde Butler son to the Earle of Ormond The Lord Rosse The Lord Matrauers The Lord Welles The Lord Barkeley Sir Iames Butler Sir 〈…〉 Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir 〈…〉 Sir Robert â—…qua Sir 〈…〉 Sir Eâ—… 〈◊〉 Sir 〈…〉 Sir Iohn Butlâ—… Sir Reginaâ—… 〈◊〉 Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir 〈◊〉 â—…astell Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Raufe Lâ—…ngfire Sir William 〈◊〉 Sir William â—…p Thomas Sir Richard Câ—…nell Sir Richard â—…e Sir Iohn Sâ—… Sir Nicholas 〈◊〉 Sir William Châ—…y Iâ—… Sir William Bâ—…ton Sir Raufe Butler Sir Robert Beauchampe Sir Edmond â—…rafford Sir Iohn Ieme chiefe Baron and 〈◊〉 other After this solemne feast ended a greate 〈…〉 subsedie was granted for the continuance of the conquest in France so therevpon 〈…〉 gathered and men were prepared in euery Citie 〈◊〉 countrey during which busines The Duke of 〈◊〉 dâ—… Thomas Duke of Exeter great vncle to the 〈◊〉 a right sâ—…ge discrete counsellor departed out of this mortall life at his manor of Grenewiche 〈◊〉 with all funerall pompe was conueyghed thorough London to Berrie and there buried The same yeere also dyed the Lady Elizabeth halfe sister to the same duke and of y e whole bloud with King Henry the fourth maried first to the Lorde Iohn Holland Duke of Excester and after to the lord Fanhope buried of y e blaâ—… Friers of London While these things were thus a doing in Englande the Earle of Warwike Lieutenant for the Regent in Fraunce entred into the CouÌ„trey of Maine and besieged the Towne of Chateau de Loyre the whiche shortly to him was rendered whereof he made Captaine Matheâ—… Gough Esquier After this he tooke by assaulte the Castell of Maiet and gaue it for his valiantnesse to Iohn Winter esquier and after that he conquered the castell of Lude and made there Captayn William Gladisdale Gentleman Here he was informed that the Frenchmenne were assembled in the couÌ„try of Beausse whervppon hee hasted thy her wardes to haue 〈◊〉 them battaile but they hauing knowledge of his approche durst not abide to trie the matter with him by a pight fielde but fledde before hee came neere them The Earle in his returne wanne the Castell of Montdublean by surrender The Earle of Warwicke â—…de gouerâ—… oâ—… the â—…g king where he left the valiant Lorde Willoughby and then returned to Paris During whiche season he was ordeyned by the three estates of the Realme of Englande to bee gouernour of the yong King in the place of the Duke of Excester deceassed howbeit hee dyd not as yet returne into Englande but remayned in Fraunce for a season and atchieued many worthy enterprises An. reg 5. Whilest the Lorde regent of Fraunce was thus in EnglaÌ„d meanes was made by y e Duke of Burgoigne for the deliuerie of the Duke of Alanson taken at the battell of Vernoyle and nowe for the summe of two hundred thousande crownes hee was set at libertie but neyther for releasse of all or abatement of parte of his raunsome woulde hee by any meanes acknowledge the King of Englande to be his liege and soueraigne Lorde 1427 After that the Duke of Bedford hadde set all things in good order in England hee tooke leaue of the King and togither with his wife returned into Fraunce first landing at Calais where the Bishoppe of Winchester that also passed the Seas with him receyued the habite hatte and dignitie of a Cardinall with all ceremonies to it apperteyning The late Kyng Henry the fifth had forbidden him eyther to sue for or to receyue that dignitie bicause he would not that Cardinals hats shoulde in anye wise presume to bee equall with regall crownes whyche hee doubted woulde come to passe in thys man if hee myghte once atteyne to the honor of wearing one of those hattes suche an haultie stomacke and loftie courage hee euer noted to bee in him from hys youth vpwards But nowe the Kyng beeyng yong and the regent hys friend he obteyned his purpose to his great profite and the empouerishing of the spiritualtie of thys Realme for by a Bull legantine which hee purchased from Rome he gathered so muche treasure that no man in manner hadde money but hee so that he was called the ryche Cardinall of Winchester After that the Lorde Regent was ariued in Fraunce the Lorde of Rustinian marshall of Britaigne assembled a greate company of the Britishe nation whiche fortifyed and repared the Towne of Pontorson and after the sayde Marshall with a thousande men entred into the Countrey of Constantine and commyng before the Towne of Auranches was encountred by the Englishmen of that garrison and after long fighte hys people were putte to the worse chased and discomfited and hee hymselfe taken prisoner in the fielde The Duke of Bedford hearing that y e towne of Pontorson scituate within two leagues of Mont Saint Mighell was newly fortified and strongly defended sent
and passed theÌ„ without danger by reason of the frost scaled the walles slew the watch tooke the towne with many profitable prisoners After the regaining of the Towne of Ponthoyse the Lord Richarde Beauchamp Erle of Warwike dyed in the Castell of Roan and was conueyed into England and with solemne Ceremonies buryed in his Colledge of Warwike in a very faire and sumptuous sepulture Anno. re 19. About the beginning of Lente the Duke of Somerset and the Lorde Talbot with other Captaines and men of warre to the number of two thousand whiche they had assembled in the marches of Normandie towards Rouen marching forward towards Picardie passed ouer the Riuer of Somme and through the Towne of Monteruel came before the fortresse of Folleuille whiche the Duke besieged whilest the Lorde Talbot entred further into the Countrey After that the Duke had mounted his greate artillerie Enguerrant and began to batter the holde the Captayne within chanced to be slaine with a shotte of the same artillerie and shortly after the baterie being still continued the rest of the menne of warre that serued vnder him yeelded the place in which the Duke left a competent garison of soldiers whiche afterwardes sore endomaged the Countrey This done the Duke followed the Lorde Talbot who was alreadye entred a good way within the Countrey of Santhois and nowe ioyning their powers togither they came to a fortresse called Lyhons in Santhois whyche was also rendred vnto them after they hadde brent the church which the CouÌ„trey people kept againste them and woulde not yeelde it till they were fiered out and brent and slayne to the nuÌ„ber of three hundred After the fortresse was deliuered into theyr handes by composition the Duke with his power lay there about tenne dayes sending diuers troupes of his menne of warre abroade into the Countrey whiche spoyled the same tooke y e fortresse of Herbonneres and the Lord therof within it who for his raunsome and to haue his subiects and house saued from spoyle and fire compounded with his takers for a thousand Saluz of golde which he paid to them Finally after the Duke of Somerset and the Lord Talbot with their power had layne in Lyhons about tenne dayes they departed from thence and returned into Normandie without any empeachment After the death of the Earle of Warwike the Duke of Yorke was againe made Regente of Fraunce 1441 The Duke of Yorke againe made regent of France which accompanyed with the Earle of Oxforde the Lorde Bourchier called Earle of Ewe Sir Iames of Ormond the Lord Clinton Sir Richarde Wooduille and diuers other noble men sayled into Normandie before whose ariuall the Frenche King sore greeued wâ—… 〈◊〉 taking of the Towne of Ponthoise assemâ—… 〈◊〉 greate armie Pâ—…e besieged by the french King and besieged the said towne â—…selfe in person enuironing it with bastilles â—…ches and ditches beating the walles and Bâ—…warkes with shot of great ordinance and giuing therevnto diuers greate and fierce assaultes 〈◊〉 Iohn Lorde Clifford like a valiant Captayne defended the Towne so manfully that y e frenche men rather lost than wanne The Duke of Yorke at his landing receyued true aduertisement of this siege wherevppon hee sent for the Lord Talbot and a great number of Soldiers and so came neere to the Towne of Ponthoise and there encamped himselfe and therewith sente worde to the French King that thither hee was come to giue him battell if hee woulde come out of his strength and bastilles but the Frenche King by aduice of his councell determined not to venture his person with men of so base degree but meant to keepe his grounâ—… bidding the Lorde Regente to enter at his peâ—… and in the meane season did what hee coulde to stoppe the passage of the riuer of Oyse so that no vittaile should be brought to the English armie by that way in hope so to cause them to recule backe The Duke of Yorke perceyuing that y e â—…ch King minded not to fighte purposed to passe ouer the riuer of Oyse and so to fighte with hym in his lodging whervpon he remoued his camp and appointed the Lorde Talbot and other to make a countenaunce as they woulde passe the riuer by force at the port of Beaumont and appoynted an other companye in boates of timbet and leather and bridges made of cordes ropes whereof he had great plentie caried with hym in Chariots to passe ouer beneath the Abbey While the Lorde Talbot made a crie as though he would assault the gate certaine Englishmen passed the water in boates and drew a bridge of cordes ouer so that a greate number of them were gote to the other side ere the Frenchmen were aduised what had happened When they saw the chance they ranne like madde meÌ„ to haue stopped the passage but it was too late for the most parte of the Englishmen were gote ouer in so muche that they chased theyr enimies backe and slewe Sir Guilliam de Chastell Engâ—… dâ—… Moâ—… nephew to the Lorde Taneguy du Chastell and diuers other The Frenchmen seeing their euill happe irrecouerable returned to the French King and told to him what had chanced wherevpon he doubting to be assailed to his disaduantage thoughte not good longer to tarrie but with all speede remouing his ordinance into the bastill of Sainte Martin whiche hee had newly made dislodged in the nyghte from Maubuysson and wente to Poyssy leauyng the Lorde de Cotigny admirall of Fraunce with .iij. M. men to keepe the bastile If he had taried stil at Maubuysson the Lord Talbot which had passed the riuer of Oyse in two small leather boates had eyther taken or slayne hym the same night Hall The Englishmen the next daye in good order of battayle came before the town of Ponthoyse thinkyng there to haue founde the French king but he was gone and in his lodging they found great riches and muche stuffe whiche he coulde not haue space to carie away for feare of the sodayn inuasion Then the Duke with his power entred into the towne and sent for new victual and repaired the towers and bulwarkes aboute the Towne and diuers tymes assaulted the bastile of the Frenchmen of the whiche hee made no great accompte bycause they were not of power eyther to assaulte or stoppe the victuals or succours from the towne After this the Duke intendyng once agayne to offer the Frenche king battaile left behind him at Ponthoyse for captain there sir Geruais Clifton sir Nicholas Burdet Henry Chandos and a thousande souldiors and therewith remouing with his whole armie came before Poyssy where he set himselfe and his men in good order of battayle ready to fighte There issued out some of the Frenche Gentlemen to skirmishe with the Englishemen but to their losse for dyuers of them were slain and foure valiant horsemen taken prisoners The Duke perceyuing the faynte hearts of the FrenchmeÌ„ and that they durst not encounter in field with the Englishe
the Tower of London called the Nicholas of the Tower The Capitayne of that Barke wyth small fight entred into the Dukes ship and perceyuing hys person present brought hym to Douer Rode and there on the one side of a cocke boate The deathâ—… of the Duke of â—… caused his heade to be striken off and left his body with the heade lying there on the sands which corps beyng there founde by a chaplein of his was conueyed to Wingfield colledge in Suffolke and there buried This end had William de la Poole Duke of Suffolke as meane iudge by Gods prouidence for that he hadde procured the deathe of that good duke of Gloucester as before is partly touched But the deathe of this Duke broughte not the Realme in quiet for those that fauoured the Duke of Yorke and wished the Crowne vppon his heade for that as they iudged hee hadde more right therto than he that ware it procured a commotion in Kent on this manner â—…ke Cades â—…on in 〈◊〉 A certain yong man of a goodly statuâ—…e and right pregnaunt of witte was enticed to take vppon hym the name of Iohn Mortimer allthoughe his name was Iohn Cade and not for a small pollicie thinking by that surname that those which fauored the house of the Earle of Marche woulde be assistaunce to hym This Captaine assembled a greate companye of tall personages assuring them that the enterprise whiche he tooke in hande was bothe honorable to God and the kyng and profitable to the whole Realme for it eyther by force or pollicye they might gette the King and Quene into their hands that he woulde cause them to bee honourablye vsed and take suche order for the punishing and reforming of the misdemeanors of their counsellours that neither fifteenes shoulde hereafter be demaunded nor once any impositions or taxes shoulde bee spoken of The Kentyshe people prouoked with these perswasions and other faire promisses of liberty which they most desire in good order of battaile thoughe not in great number came with their saide Capitaine vnto the plaine of Black heath betwene Eltham and â—…newiche And to the intent the cause of this glorious Capitaines comming thither might bee shadowed from the King and his counsaile vnder a cloked veile of good meaning thoughe his intent was malicious he sent vnto hym an humble supplication affirming that his comming was not against his grace but against suche of his counsellours as were louers of themselues and oppressors of the poore communaltye flatterers of the King and enemies to his honor suckers of his purse robbers of his subiectes parciall to their friendes and extreeme to their enemies through bribes corrupted and for indifferency dooing nothing This proude bill was of the King and hys counsaile disdainfully taken and vppon consultation hadde it was concluded that suche proude Rebelles shoulde rather bee brought down by force and violence than pacified with faire wordes and gentle aunswers Wherevppon the King assembled a greate army and marched towarde them whiche hadde lyen on Blacke heathe by the space of eight dayes The subtill Capitain Iacke Cade intending to bring the King â—…lker within the compasse of his nette brake vp his Campe The Staffordes slaine at Seuenock by Iacke Cade and retired backe to the town of Seuâ—…nocke in Kent The Queene whiche bart the rule being of his retraite well aduertysed sente Syr Hamfery Stafford Knighte and William hys brother with many other gentlemenne to followe the chase of the Kentishemenne thinking that they hadde fledde but they were deceyued for at the first skirmishe bothe the Staffords were staine and all their company shamefully discomfited The Kings army being at this time come to Blacke heath hearing of this discomsiture beganne to grudge and marmure amongest themselues some wishing the Duke of Yorke at home to ayde the captaine hys cousin some desiring the ouerthrowe of the Kyng and hys counsayle other openlye crying oute on the Queene and hyr complices This rumor published abroade caused the King and certaine of his counsaile to appease the furious rage of the multitude to commit the Lorde Say Threasourer of England vnto the Tower of London and if other againste whome like displeasure was borne hadde bene present they had ben likewise coÌ„mitted When Iacke Cade had obteyned the victorie againste the Staffordes hee apparrelled hymselfe in sir Humfreys brigandins set full of guilt nailes and so wyth pompe and glorye retourned againe toward London diuers idle and vagarande persons resortyng to hym from Suffex and Surrey and other places and from other parties to a greate number Thus this glorious Capitaine enuironed wyth a multitude of euill rude and rusticall people came againe to the plaine of Blacke heathe and there strongly encamped hymselfe to whome were sent from the Kyng the Archebishoppe of Canterburye and Humfrey Duke of Buckingham to common with hym of his greeues and requestes These lords founde hym sober in talke wise in reasoning arrogant in hart stiffe in opinion for by no meanes he would grauÌ„t to dissolue his army except the king in person wold come to him and assent to all things he would require The king after he had vnderstoode the presumptuous aunswers and requestes of this villanous rebell beganne asmuche to doubt his owne familiar seruauntes as hys vnknowen subiectes which spared not to speake that the Capitaynes cause was profitable for the common wealthe departed in all haste to the Castell of Killingworthe in Warwickeshire leaning only behind him the lord Scales to keepe the tower of London The Kentishe captaine beeing aduertised of the Kings absence came firste into Southwark and there lodged at the white harte prohibiting to all his retinue murder rape and robbery by which coloure of well meanyng hee allured to hym the hartes of the common people But after this hee entred into the Citie of London and cutte the ropes of the drawe bridge strikyng hys sworde on London stone saying now is Mortimer lord of this citie And after a flattering declaration made to the Maior of his thither comming he departed againe into Southwarke and vpon the thirde day of Iuly bee caused sir Iames Fines Lorde Say and threasorer of England to be brought to the Guyld hall there to be arreined which being before the kings Iustices put to answer desired to be tried by his Peeres for the lenger delay of his life The captaine perceyuing his dilaâ—…orie plea The Lord 〈◊〉 beâ—…ded as the Sâ—…anderd in Cheaps by force tooke hym from the officers brought hym to the standerd in Cheaps â–ª and there before his confession ended caused his heade to bee striken off and pitched it vpon aâ—… highe pole which was openly borne before him throughe the streetes And not content herwith hee went to Mileend and there apprehended 〈◊〉 Iames Cromer then sheriffe of Kent and son in lawe to the saide Lorde Say causing likewise hym without confession or excuse 〈◊〉 to bee beheaded and his heade to bee â—…ed 〈◊〉 pole and
meanes misse him let hym vnderstand that we will rather dye in the fielde than now to returne without our hoped pray The King aduertised of this the aunswere and purposed intention more wilfull than reasonable chose rather to trie the hazard of battell than to deliuer the Duke of Somerset into the handes of his enimies whiche they perceyuyng straightway sounded the trumpet to battell or rather as Hall hath while king Henry sent forth his Ambassadors to treate of peace at the one end of y e towne the Erle of Warwike The first battaile at Sainte Albons VVhethāsted with his Marchmen entred at the other end fiercely setting on y e kings foreward within a small tyme discomfited the same The place where they first brake into y e towne was about the middle of S. Peters streete The fight for a time was ryghte sharp cruell for y e D. of Somerset w t the other lords cōming to y e succours of their companiōs that were put to y e worse did what they could to boate backe y e enimies but the D. of Yorke Hall sent euer fresh men to succour the weerie to supplye the places of them that were hurt by which policie the Kings army was finally brought to cōfusion and all the chiefetaines of the fielde slaine and beaten downe for there dyed vnder y e signe of the Castell Edmond Duke of Sommerset who as hath bin reported was warned long before to auoyde all Castels and beside hym laye Henry the seconde of that name Earle of Northumberland Thomas Lord Cliffords hath Whethamsted Humfrey Erle of Stafford sonne to the Duke of Buckingham Iohn Lord Clifford Sir Barthram Antwisell Knight a Norman borne who forsaking his natiue Countrey to continue in his loyal obedience to King Henrie came ouer to dwell heere in Englande when Normandie was lost William Zouche Iohn Boutreux Raufe Bapthorp with his sonne W. Corwyn W. Cotton Gilbert Faldinger Raynold Griffon Iohn Dawes Elice Wood Io. Eithe Ra. Woodwarde Gilbert Skarlock and Rafe Willoughby Esquiers with manye other in all to the number of .viij. thousande as Edwarde Hall sayth in his Chronicle if there escaped not a fault in the Impression as .8000 for .800 sith hundreds in very deede would better agree with the number of the Kings whole power whiche he brought with him to that battell beeyng not many aboue two thousande as by writers it appeareth Humfrey Duke of Buckingham being woūded and Iames Butler Earle of Ormond and Wilshire and Thomas Thorp Lord chief Baron of the Eschequer seeing fortune thus to bee against them left the King post alone and with a great number fledde away Those that thus fledde made the best shifte they coulde to get away through gardens and backesides through shrubbes hedges woddes seeking places where to hide themselues til that daungerous tempest of the battell were ouerblowen The kinges part vanquished Diuers of the Kings house also that coulde better skill to play the Courtiers than warriors fledde with the first and those of the East partes of the Realme were likewise noted of too much lacke of courage for their speedie withdrawing themselues and leauing the King in danger of his aduersaries who perceyuing hys men thus fledde from him withdrewe into a poore mans house to saue himselfe from the shot of arrowes that flewe about his eares as thicke as snowe falling from the skye The Duke of Yorke aduertised of the place into the whiche the King was withdrawen hasted thither with all speede and comforted hym in the best wise he could assuring him that now that the common enimie of the Realme was dispatched to witte the Duke of Sommerset he had cause rather to reioyce than to bee sorie sith his destruction was the Kings preseruation and for himselfe and all his adherents he vndertooke that they were and would remayne duryng life his most faithfull liege people ready in al points to serue hym as his trustie and obediente subiectes After he hadde vsed suche words to him as he thought best to comforte him with he broughte him forth of that simple house into the which he was crept withe all due reuerence shewed towarde hym fyrste to the Shrine and after to his chamber Whilest the Duke of Yorke was about thus to comfort the King the Souldiers that had the victorie nowe in their hands applyed the spoyle namely the Northerne men stripping not only those that had borne armour against them but also the Townesmen and other with whome they might meete so that it was thoughte if the King had taken vp his lodging at his first comming thither within the Abbey as hee did not but in the middes of the Towne to prouide the better to resist his enimies the Abbey had beene spoyled also This was the ende of the firste battell at S. Albons whiche was foughte on a Thurseday next before the feast of Penthecost being y e three and twentith daye of May in thys three thirtith yeare of the kings raigne The bodies of the noble men were buried in the monasterie in our Ladies Chappell and the meane people in other places This Edmond Duke of Sommerset left behinde him three sonnes Henrye Edmonde Foure of th◅ to wit the D◅ of Somerset the earle of Northumberland the ◅ Clifford wo◅ buried in o◅ Ladies chapel VVethamst◅ and Iohn which to the extremitie of death tooke part with the line of King Henry The Duke of Yorke hauing got this victorie remembred well that hee hadde published abroade howe the onely cause of this warre was for the aduancemente of the common wealthe and therefore vsing al courtesie would not touch the Kings person after anye violente sorte but with all honor and due reuerence conueyed him to London and so to Westminster to whiche place was summoned a Parliamente A parliament whyche began the ninth daye of Iuly in the whiche sessiō the late Duke of Gloucester was openly declared a true subiect both to the King and to the Realme Beside this it was enacted that no person shoulde either iudge or report any poynt of vntroth of the Duke of Yorke the Earles of Salisburie and Warwike or of anye Knighte Esquier archer or other for comming in warlike aray against the King at Saint Albons considering theyr enterprice was only to see y e kings person in safegard But all the blame was put vpon the Duke of Sommerset Thomas Thorp VVetham◅ Collaterall A letter kep◅ from the king of purpose Baron of the Eschequer Wil. Iosep Esquier y e kings collateral companion bicause that they vpō a malitious purpose kept a certain letter from y e kyngs knowledge and would in no wise suffer it to be deliuered vnto him notwithstāding y e same made to the aduancement of some good assured peace if it had beene throughly and aduisedly read weyed and considered in which letter they declared that as faythfull and humble subiectes they requyred onely that it would please
did descend into hell neither yet to beleeue in the Catholike Church nor the communion of Saints Also that he held howe the vniuersall Church might erre in matters of fayth And that it is not of necessitie to beleue that that which is allowed ordeyned and determined in fauour of fayth and the health of mans soule by a generall Counsaile or by the vniuersall Church ought to be allowed and holden of all christian people Moreouer he helde that it was lawfull to euerie man to vnderstande the scriptures in the literall sense and that none is bounde to cleane vnto any other sense vpon anye necessitie of saluation King Henrie and his adherentes perceyuing that the Duke of Yorke lay still and styrred not returned to London and there called a great couÌ„saile openly declaring that the French and Scots enboldned by the ciuill discorde within this realm would attempt to annoy the same as of late they had shewed apparant tokens of theyr euill malicious meaning and would not ceasse vpon occasions to doe further displeasures tyll they perceyued a perfite concorde and an vnfeyned amitie to be concluded betwene him and his friendes and those of the contrarie part and confederacie And to the intent that he woulde be the chiefe Author of peace hee promised so to entertaine the Duke of Yorke and his sautors that al old gâ—…ueges being not onely inwardly forgotten but also outwardly forgiuen should be the cause of perpetuall loue and assured amitie This deuise was of all men present will taken and adiudged for the best Wherevpon dyuerse graue persons were sente to the Duke of Yorke and al other the great estates of the realm whiche since the battaile of Saint Albons neuer met nor communed togither commaunding theÌ„ for great causes and reasonable considerations to resort to the kings Palace without delay At his coÌ„maundement came to London Rychard Duke of Yorke with foure C. men and was lodged at Baynards castell being his owne house The peeres of the Realme called to a treatie and after him came the Erle of Salisburie with fiue hundred men and was likewise lodged at his owne house called the Herber Then came the Dukes of Exceter and Somerset with .viij. hundred men and were lodged without Temple Barre and the Earle of Northumberlande the Lorde Egremonde and the Lord Clifforde came with .xv. C. men and lodged withoute the Citie The Erle of Warwicke also came from Calais with six hundred men in red Iackets embrodered with white ragged staues behind and before and was lodged at the gray Friers Thus were all those of the one faction lodged within the citie and those of the other without in Holborne towarde Westmynster and in other places of the Suburbs as who sayd y t as the Iewes disdeined the companie of the Samaritains so the Lancastrians abhorred the familiaritie of the Yorkish lynage After y e these Lords were thus come vnto LoÌ„don the King and the Queene shortly followed comming thither the .xvij. day of Marche and lodged in the Bishops Palace Bicause no riotous attempt or bickering shuld be begon betweene any of the parties or their retinues the Maior and Aldermenne of the Citie kept great watch as well by day as by night ryding about the citie by Holborne and Fleetstreet with fiue thousand men well armed arrayed to see good order and peace on all sides kept The Lordes which lodged within the city held a dayly counsaile at the black Friers The other parte soiourning without the walles assembled lykewise in the Chapiter house at Westminster At length by the diligent trauaile good exhortation and prudent aduice of the Archb. of Cant. other vertuous Prelates both parties were perswaded to come to a communication and so did where after long debating of their grieuaunces they were accorded promising to forget all olde rancors The Lords are brought to agree and to be friendes eche to other and obedient to the King whereof writings were sealed signed and deliuered The principall poyntes whereof the king beeing named and reputed as whole arbitratour consisted herein VVhetham The awarde First that at the costs charges and expences of the Duke of Yorke The cleergy 〈◊〉 resure in those dayes to lose nothing by these contentions howe so euer the world went the Erles of Warwik and Salisburie xlv poundes of yearely rent shoulde be lawfully assigned giuen and assured by waye of a mortizement for euer vnto the Monasterie of Saint Albones for Suffrages and Obites to be kept and almes to bee employed for the soules of Edmond late duke of Somerset Henry late Erle of Northumberland and Thomas late L. Clifford which being slaine in the late battaile of S. Albones were buried there in the Abbey Church and also for the soules of all other slaine in the same battaile The saide Duke of Somerset the Earle of Northumberlande and L. Clifforde by vertue of the same award were declared for true and faithfull liegemen to the king so to be holdeÌ„ and reputed in the day of their deathes aswel as y e said duke of York the erles of Warwik Salish Moreouer it was decreed that the D. of York should giue to Elenore Duchesse of Somerset to Henrie Duke of Somerset hir son the summe of fiue thousand Markes of good assignments of debts which the K. ought to him for his wages due during the time of his seruice in IrelaÌ„d to be diuided as the K. should think coÌ„uenient betwixt the brethren sisters of the sayd D. of Somerset Also that the Erle of Warwick should giue to the Lorde Clifforde the summe of a thousande Markes in good and sufficient assignmentes of debts which the king ought to him to be destributed betwixt the said L. Clifford his brethren and sisters Also where Thomas Percie knight The Lord Egrâ—…mond L. Egremond Richard Percy his brother sonnes of the Lady Elenor Countesse of Northumberland had bin in a Sessions holdeÌ„ within y e countie of Yorke before Richard Bingham â—…ause Pole the kings Iustices other coÌ„missioners coÌ„demned vnto the Erle of Salisburie in the sum of viij M. marks to the same erle and to his wyfe Alice in the sum of fiue M. marks to Tho. Neuil knight sonne to the said Erle of Salisburie in the summe of a. M. marks to the said Thomas Mawd his wife in the sum of two M. markes and to Iohn Neuil knight son to the said Erle of Salisburie in the summe of .viij. C. markes for transgressions trespasses there found to bee done by the said L. Egremond Richard his brother vnto the said erle of Salisb Alice Thom. Neuil Mawd Iohn Neuil as by the record appeared It was ordeyned that the saide Erle his sonnes should release all the said summes of money the executions thereof and likewise release vnto Rauâ—… Verney Iohn Steward late Sherifes of London vnto whose custodie the saide L. Egremond had bin for the same coÌ„demnations coÌ„mitted
seruants and the pretensed euill purpose of the Queene After whiche complaint made he fearing to be dispossessed of hys roumth at Calays with great speed embarqued himselfe and sayled thither He was not onely Deputie or Lieutenant of Calais but also high Admiral of the Seas VVhethaâ—… The Erle of warwicke lâ—… Admiral which office was to him confirmed for the space of fiue yeares wherevpon whether before hys arryuall now at Calais or shortly after I cannot saye but this yeare aboute the myddest of Sommer the sayde Earle hauing with him a .xiiij. well appoynted shippes sayled abroade to skoure the Seas and by chaunce mette wyth fiue greate shippes whereof three were Carakes of Genoa and the other two were of Spaine bigger in heigth and length than the Carakes There were taken a greate number of prisoners beside a thousand persons of the enimies that were slaine in the fight Of the Erles part there were fiftie slaine The Earles fame hereby encreased not a little and many a blessing hee had for this peece of seruice An. reg 38. But now to the former purpose After that the sayde Erle was departed the realme and gone ouer to Calais the Duke of Yorke and the Erle of Salisburie falling in consultation togither it was at length agreed betwixt them with aduice of theyr friendes that the sayde Earle of Salisburie with a warlike companie should march toward the king and signifie to him by way of coÌ„plaint both the manifest iniurie done to his son and also the vncurteous breach of the sworne amitie and late agreement in which sute if he preuayled hee shoulde not then let passe the occasion giueÌ„ for reuenge of displeasures to him done The Erle of Salisbury both by the Queene and hir sinister counsaylers After conclusion of this deuise the Erle of Salisburie remoued from Middleham Castell Three thâ—… hath Wheâ—…hamsted accompanied with foure or fiue thousand men and toke his way through Lancashire to passe that waye towardes London In the meane season the Queene which was assysted and ruled by the dukes of Somerset and Buckingham hauing a vigilant eie to all hir businesse ymagined that the Erle of Warwike had kindled this fire to the intent to set the Crown on the Duke of Yorkes head â—…l Andley wherefore she appointed Iames Twichet Lorde Audley bycause his power laye in those partyes by the whiche the Earle of Salisburie muste passe to rayse an host of men wyth all speede and to giue battaile to the same Earle if he lawe cause and place conuenient 〈◊〉 vetusto â—…ce Shee had deuised a cognisaunce of the whyte Swanne which she willed all such as shee knew to beare fauour vnto hir sonne to weare for a signification of their good mindes and heartie loue towardes him whiche cognisaunce she had giuen to many Gentlemenne of Chesshire and other countreyes thereaboute She hirselfe lay the same time at Ecclesale in Staffordeshire but the King remayned at Colleshill in Warwikeshire whither the Earle of Salisburie ment to come as he pretended to haue communed with him for a reformation of matters depending in controuersie betwixt him and of the Duke Yorke and others But the Queene construing that they ment no good neither to hir nor hir husbande requested the Lorde Awdeley to apprehende hym if by anye meanes hee might VVhethaÌ„sted The Lorde Awdeley according to hys commission assembled aboue tenne thousande men of Chesshire and Saloâ—…shire and knowing by hys espialles which way the Earle kept Blore heath approched neare to him vpon a fayre playne called Bloreheathe wythin a myle of a towne called Drayton in Shâ—…shyre The Earle perceyuing in what it â—…ardie he stoode determined to abyde the aduenture with fame and honour rather than to flie with losse and reproch and so encamped himselfe all the night on the side of a little brooke not verie brode but somewhat deepe â—…e â—…ember â—…ae in the 〈◊〉 of â—…er â—…eath In this battaile was slaine .xxiiij. hundred persons but the greatest losse fell on the Chesshire men bycause one halfe of the shire was on the one part and the other halfe on the other of which number were sir Tho. Dutton sir Iohn Doune and sir Hugh Venables sir Richarde Molineux sir William Trowtberke sir Iohn Legh of the Both and sir Iohn Egerton knightes Iohn Done and Iohn Dutton Esquiers But the Earles two sonnes the one called sir Iohn Neuill the other sir Thomas Neuill The Erle of Solisburies sonne apprehended were sore wouÌ„ded y e which soberly iorneying into y e north cuntry were appreheÌ„ded by y e Q. friends and togither with sir Thomas Harington that was likewise taken were conueyed to Chester but their keepers delyuered them shortly after or else had the Marche menne destroyed the Gayles Such fauour had the Commons of Wales to the Duke of Yorke his hande that they could not suffer any wrong to be offred or euill worde to be spoken agaynst him or his friends After this battell fought at Blower heath as before ye haue heard the Duke of Yorke perceyuing that the destruction of him and his friendes was intended and that his priuie intentes were alreadie disclosed to the king and the Queene hee thought nowe no longer to lynger his businesse but with all diligence to display and aduance his banner And therefore sending for his chiefe mate the Earle of Salisburie after long communication had of theyr weightie affayres they determined to rayse an armie The Duke of Yorke assembleth an army and by fine force eyther to die or to winne theyr purpose Herevpon were men forthwith assembled friendes sent for and a puissaunt armie was gathered both of Northren men and Welchmen whiche in good order came into the marches of Wales adioyning to Shropshire determining there to abide their enimies or to meete them if occasion serued There came to him from Calais the Earle of Warwike bringing with him from that towne a great number of expert men in martiall feates whereof two were Captaines knowne for men of great experience and approued policie as they had well declared the same in the warres of Normandie and Guyenne the one called Andrewe Trollop Andrew Trollop Iohn BluÌ„t and the other Iohn Blont The king hauing aduertisment of all the dukes doings The king raiseth an army purposes and whole intent sent foorth Commissioners to leuie a power in all partes of the realme where he thought to haue any faythfull friendes or fauourers by reason whereof a great number of men of warre was assembled Many for the loue they bare to the king resorted to his side but mo for the feare conceyued of the Queenes displeasure whose frowning countenaunce was their vndoing and hir indignation their death To be briefe the king accompanied with the Dukes of Somerset and Exceter and other of the lyne of Lancaster determined eyther by force or by policie to bring the duke of Yorke to confusion and therevppon marching
him with that Garlande they kneeled downe â—…fore him as the Iewes did to Choâ—…e in scorns saying to him haue King withoute 〈◊〉 hayle King without heritage hayle Duke and Prince without people or possessions And at length hauing thus scorned him with these and dyuerse other the lyke despitefull wordes they stroke off his heade whiche as yee haue heard they presented to the Queene Many deemed that this miserable end chaunced to the Duke of Yorke as a due punishment for breaking his othe of allegiance to his soueraigne Lord king Henry but other helde him discharged thereof Mark the Pope dispensation bycause he obteyned a dispensation from the Pope by such suggestion as his procurators made vnto him whereby the same othe was adiudged voyd as that which was receyued vnaduisedly to the preiudice of himselfe and disinheriting of all his posteritie After this victorie obteyned thus by the N. and hir part the Earle of Salisburie and all the prisoners were sent to Pomfret The prisonâ—… be headed 1491 and there beheaded whose heades togyther with the Duke of Yorkes head were conueyed to Yorke and their set on Polles ouer the gate of the Citie in despite of them and their lynage The Erle of Marche so commonly called but now after the death of his father in deede and in ryght verie Duke of Yorke lying at Gloucester was wonderfully amazed when the sorowfull newes of these mishappes came vnto hym but after comfort gyuen to him by hys faythfull louers and assured allyes hee remooued to Shrewsburie declaring to the Inhabitauntes of that towne and to them of the other townes in those partyes the murther of his father the ieopardie of himself and the present ruine of the coÌ„mon welth The people on the Marches of Wales for the fauour which they bare to the Mortimers linage more gladly offred him their ayde and assystance than he could desire the same so that hee had incontinently a puissaunt armye to the number of 〈◊〉 thousand ready to go against the Queene and the murtherers of his father But when hee was setting forwarde The erle of PeÌ„broke newes was brought to him that Iasper Earle of Pembroke halfe brother to King Henrie and Iames Butler Earle of Ormond and Wilshire had assembled togither a greate number of Welche and Irishe people sodainely to take and surprise him he being here with quickened retyred backe and mette with his enimies in a fayre 〈◊〉 neare to Mortimers Crosse not farre from Hereford cast The Bareâ—… Mortimers crosse on Candlemasse day in the morning at whiche tyme the sonne as some wryte appeared to the Earle of March like three Sunnes and sodainly ioyned altogither in one vppon whiche sight hee tooke suche courage that he fiercely setting on his enimyes put them to flight and for this cause menne ymagined that he gaue the Sunne in his 〈…〉 for his Badge or cognisaunce Of his enimies were left dead on the grouÌ„d three thousand and .viij. hundred The Erles of Pembroke and 〈…〉 but sir Owen Eruther father to the sayd erle of Pembroke which OweÌ„ had maried K. Hennes mother as ye haue hearde before with Dauid Floid Owen Ten 〈◊〉 and other 〈◊〉 and be headed Morgâ—… diuerse other wer take and beheaded at Hereford During this season the Queene encouraged with hir late gayned victorie with a great multitude of Northerne people marched towarde London intending to vndoe all that which had bin ordeyned in the last Parliament VVhethaÌ„sted These Northerne people after they were once passed ouer the riuer of Trent spoyled and wasted the Countrey afore them in maner as if they had bin in the land of forayne enimies At length they approched to Saint Albons hearing that the Duke of Northfolke and the Erle of Warwike with other whome the Duke of Yorke had left to gouerne the King in hys absence had by the Kings assent assembled a great host The Notâ—…e men ouer into Saint Albons and were encamped neere to that Towne Those Northerne Lordes and other that were with the Queene made forwarde and entring into Saint Albons meante to passe through the Towne and so to coape with their enimies but finding a sorte of archers raunged neere to the greate crosse in the market place to defend their passage they were receyued with suche a storme of arrowes which came flying about their eares as thicke as hayle that they were quickly repulsed backe and with losse driuen to retire vnto the West ende of the Towne where by a lane that leadeth Northwards vp to Saint Peters strete they made their entrie and had there also a sharp encounter against certayne hands of the kings people They passe through it but yet after greate slaughter on both partes they gote through and vppon the heathe that lyeth at the North ende of the towne called Barnard heath they had a farre greater conflict with foure or fiue thousande of the Kyngs armie that seemed as they had bin anaunt courrers whiche gaue tho onset so fiercely at the beginning The second â—…ell at â—…nt Albons that the victorie rested doubtfull a certaine time so that if y e Easterne and Southerne men had continued as they began the field had bin theirs but after they had stoode to it a pretie while and perceyued none of their fellowes from the great armie to come and assist them they began to faint and turning their backes fledde amaine The Kings part fleetâ—… ouer hedge and ditch through thicke and thinne wooddes and bushes seeking so to escape the handes of their cruell enimies that followed them with egre minds to make slaughter vpon them namely the Northerne prickes nowe in the chace pursued most hotely and bare downe many and more had done if the night comming vppon had not stayed the execution of their vnmercifull willes When the daye was nowe closed and darkened with the shadow of night those that were about the King being in number a twentie thousande persons hearing howe euill their fellowes had sped began vtterly to despaire of the victorie and so fell without anye long tarâ—…ance 〈◊〉 running away by reason whereof the nobles that were about the King perceyuing how the game went and withall saw no comfort in the King but rather a good will and affection towards the contrarie part they withdrew also leauing the King accompanyed with the Lord Bonneuille and Sir Thomas Kiriell at Kent which vppon assurance of the Kings promise tarried still with him and fled not but their trust deceyued them for at the Queenes departing from Saint Albons they were both beheaded though contrarie to the minde and promise of hir husbande Sir Thomas Thorp Baron of the Escherkeâ—… was also beheaded the same day at Highgate by the commons of Kent Such was the fortune of this seconde battell foughte at Sainte Albons vppon Shroue Tewesday beeing the seuententh of Februarie in which were slayne three and twentie hundred men and not aboue of whome 1916. as Iohn
thirde King of Scottes Whilest these things wer adoing in y e South partes King Henry beeing in the North Countrey assembled a great armie trusting with little payne and small losse to subdue the residue of hys enimies namely sith their chiefe â—…leader the Duke of Yorke was slaine and dispatched out of the way but he was deceyued for out of the 〈◊〉 stocke sprang so mightie a branche that 〈◊〉 no meanes the same myght bee broken off whiche was this Edwarde the fourthe beeing so highly fauoured of the people for hys greate liberalitie clemencie vpright dealing and courage that aboue all other hee was commended and praised to the very heauens By reason whereof men of all ages and of euery degree to hym dayly repaired some offering themselues and their men to ieopard their liues with him and other plentuously gaue him money to supporte his charges and to mayneteine his warre by which meanes he gathered togither a puissant army to the intente to deliuer battell to his enimies and in one day to make an ende of all hys troubles When his army was ready and all thinges prepared he departed out of London the twelfth daye of Marche and by easie iourneys came to the Castell of Pomfret wher he rested appointing the Lorde Fitz Walter to keepe the passage at Ferribridge wyth a greate number of talle personages King Henry on the other parte hauyng hys army in a readinesse committed the gouernaunce of the army to the Duke of Somerset the Earle of Northumberlande and the Lorde Clifforde as men desiring to reuenge the death of their parentes slayne at the fyrste battayle of Sainct Albons These Capitaines leauing King Henry hys wife and son for their moste safegard within the Citie of Yorke passed the riuer of Wharfe wyth all their power intending to stop kyng Edward of his passage ouer the riuer of Ayre And for the better and more easye exploite of their purpose the Lorde Clifforde determined to make an assaye to suche as kepte the passage of Ferribridge and so hee departed wyth hys light horsemen from the great army on the Saterday before Palmesonday and earely ere his enemies wer aware gat the bridge and flewe the keepers of the same and all suche as woulde withstande hym The Lord Fitz Walter hearing the noise sodainely rose out of his bedde and vnarmed with a pollaxe in his hande thinking that it had bin a fraye amongst his men came downe to appease y e same but ere he eyther began his tale The Lord 〈◊〉 Water sâ—… or knew what the matter ment he was slaine and with him the bastard of Salisbury brother to the erle of Warwike a valiant yong Gentleman and of greate audacitie When the Earle of Warwicke was enformed hereof like a man desperate hee mounted on his 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 passing and blowing to king Edward saying Sir I pray God haue mercie of their soules which in the beginning of your enterprise haue lost their liues and bicause I â—…e no succours of the world I remit the vengeance and punishment to God our creator and reâ—…enne and with that alighted downe â—… flewe his horse with his sworde saying lette him flee that will The Earle of VVarwike for surely I will tarrie with him that will tarrie with me and kissed the crosse of hys sword King Edward perceyuing the courage of his trustie friend the Earle of Warwike made proclamation that all men which were afrayde to fight should departe and to all those that tarried the battell A proclamation he promised great rewards with addition that anye Soldiour whiche voluntarily woulde abyde and afterwardes either in or before the fighte should flee or turne his backe that then hee that could kyl hym should haue a great rewarde and double wages After thys proclamation ended the Lorde Fawcombridge Sir Walter Blont Roberte Home with the fore ward passed y e riuer at Castelford three miles from Feribridge intendyng to haue enuironed the Lord Clifford and his coÌ„panie but they being thereof aduertised departed in great hast towarde King Henries armie but they met with some that they looked not for and were attrapped ere they were aware for the Lord Clifford either for heate or paine putting off his gorget suddainely with an arrow as some say without an head The Lorde Clifford slaine was striken into the throte and immediately rendred his sprite and the Erle of Westmerlands brother and all his companye almost â—…gdale were there slayne at a place called Dintingdale not farre from Towton This ende had the Lord Clifford which slew the Earle of Rutlande kneeling on his knees whose yong son Thomas Clifford was brought vp with a Sheppard in poore habite and dissimuled behauiour euer in feare to publishe hys lignage and degree till King Henry the seuenth obteyned the Crowne by whome he was restored to his name and possessions When this conflict was ended at Fersbridge the Lord Fawcombridge hauing the fore ward The Lorde Fawcombridge bycause the Duke of Northfolke was fallen sicke valiantly vpon Palmesonday in the twylight â—…n Wâ—…hamsted 〈◊〉 that K. â—…ies power â—…ded in â—…ember King Edwards a 〈◊〉 men set forth his army and came to Saxton where hee mighte apparantly behold the host of his aduersaries which wer accompted threescore thousand men and thereof aduertised King Edward whose whole armie amounted to eyghte and fortie thousande sixe hundred and threscore persons which in continently with the Earle of Warwike sette forwarde leauing the reâ—…warde vnder the gouernaunce of Sir Iohn Wenlocee An heâ—…e proclamation Sir Iohn Dinham and other and first of all he made proclamation that no prisoner flâ—… bee taken nor one enimie saued So the serue daye about nine of the clocke which was the nine and twentith day of March Palme gunday fielde being Palmesonday both the hostes approched in a faire playne fielde betweene Towton and Saxton When each parte perceyued other theyr made a great â—…ont and at the same instant there â—…ell a small fleete or snowe whiche by violence of the winde that blewe against them was driuen into the faces of them whiche were of King Henries part so that their sighte was somewhat blemished and dimmed The Lorde Fewcombridge leadyng the fore warde as is sayde before of Kyng Edwardes parte caused euery archer vnder hys Standerte to shooâ—…e one â—…ight whiche before hee caused them to prouide and then made them to stande still The Northerne menne â—…ng the shotte â—…t by reason of the snowe not well viewing the distaunce betweene them and their â—…myes lyâ—… hardâ—…e menne â—…lle their sheâ—… arrowes as fast as they myghte â—…ut all theyr shotte was lost for they coâ—… 〈◊〉 the Southeâ—… men by threescore Taylors â—…aides When theyr shotte was almost spente the Lorde Fawcombridge marched forwarde with his archers whiche not onely shotte theyr whole sheafes but also gathered the arrowes of theyr enimies and lette a greate parte â—…e agaynste theyr fyrste owners and suffered a great sorte
and specially when they thinke to haue any comforte or fauoure tooke on them so highly and wroughte suche maisteries that the King was fayne to ride thither in his fyrste yeare and to put some in execution and stay the Countrey or else no small mischiefe had ensued Nowe fell there mischieues thicke Sir Thomas More againe And as the thing euill gotten is neuer well kepte thorough all the tyme of his reigne neuer ceassed there cenell death and slaughter till his owne destruction ended it But as hee finished his tyme with the best death and the most righteous that is to wit his owne so beganne hee with the most piteous and wicked I meane the lamentable murther of his innocent nephues the yong kyng and his tender brother whose death and final infortune hath nathelesse comen so farre in question that some remayn yet in doubt whether they were in his dayes destroyed or no. Not for that onely that Perkyn Werbecke by manye folkes malice and moe folkes folly Perkyn Werbecke so long space abusing the worlde was as well with princes as the poorer people reputed and taken for the younger of these two but for that also that all things were in late dayes so couertly demeaned one thyng pretended and another meant that there was nothing so playne and openly proued Close dealing is euer suspected but that yet for the common custom of close and couert dealyng men hadde it euer inwardly suspect as many well counterfaited Iewels make the true mystrusted Howbeit concerning the opinon with the occasions mouyng eyther partie we shall haue place more at large to intreate if we hereafter happen to write the tyme of the late noble Prince of famous memorie King HeÌ„rie the seauenth or percase that history of Perkin in any compendious processe by it selfe But in the meane time for this present matter I shal rehearse you the dolorous ende of those babes not after euery way that I haue heard but after that way that I haue so hearde by suche men and by suche meanes as me thinketh it were hard but it should be true Then all the other beeing remoued from them The yong 〈◊〉 and hys 〈◊〉 murâ—…d this Myles Forrest and Iohn Dighton about midnight the selie children lying in theyr heddes came into the chamber and suddaynely lappe them vp amoÌ„g the clothes so to bewrayâ—…ed them and intangled them keeping downe by force the fetherbed and pillowes hard vnto theyr mouthes that within a while smothered and stifled their breath fayling they gaue vnto God their innocente soules into the ioyes of Heauen leauing to the tormentors their bodyes dead in the bedde Which after that the wretches perceâ—…â—…ed firste by the strugling with the paines of death and after long lying still to bee throughly dead they layde theyr bodyes naked out vppon the bed and fetched Sir Iames to see them whiche vpon the sight of them caused those murtherers to burie them at the staire foote meetely deepe in the grounde vnder a greate heape of stones Then rode Sir Iames in great hast to Kyng Richarde and shewed him all the maner of the murther who gaue him greate thankes and as some say there made hym Knight But he allowed not as I haue hearde the burying in so vile a corner saying that hee would haue them buryed in a better place bycause they were a Kings sonnes Loe the honorable courage of a King Wherevpon they say that a Priest of S. Robert Brakenbery tooke vp the bodyes againe and secretely enterred them in suche place as by the occasion of his deathe whiche onely knew it could neuer since come to light Very troth is it and wel knowen that at such time as sir Iames Tirrell was in the Tower for treason coÌ„mitted against the most famous Prince King Henrye the seauenth both Dighton and he were examined and confessed the murther in manner aboue written but whether the bodyes were remoued they could nothing tell And thus as I haue learned of theÌ„ that much knewe and little cause had to lie were these two noble Princes these innocent tender childreÌ„ borne of most royal bloud brought vp in great wealthe likely long to lyue raigne and rule in the Realm by trayterous tirannie taken depriued of their estate shortlye shut vp in prison and priuily slayne and murthered their bodies cast God wot where by the cruell ambition of their vnnaturall vncle and his dispiteous tormentors Which things on euery parte well pondered God neuer gaue thys world a more notable example neyther in what vnsuretie standeth this worldly weale or what mischiefe worketh the proude enterprise of an high heart or finally what wretched ende ensueth such dispiteous crueltie For first to beginne with the Ministers Myles Forrest at Saint Marâ—… peâ—…le 〈◊〉 away Dighton indeede yet walketh 〈◊〉 alyue in good possibilitie to be hanged are hee dye But Sir Iames Tyrrell dyed at the Tower hill beheaded for treason King Richarde himselfe as yee shall heereafter heare slayne in the fielde hacked and hewed of his enimies handes haried on Horsebacke dead his heade in despite torne and tugged like a curre dogge And the mischiefe that hee tooke within lesse than three yeares of the mischiefe that hee did And yet all the meane time spente in muche payne and trouble outwarde muche feare anguish and sorowe within For I haue hearde by credible reporte of suche as were secret with hys Chamberlayne that after thys abhominable deede done hee neuer hadde quiet in hys minde The out and inward troubles of tiranâ—… Hee neuer thoughte hymselfe sure Where hee wente abroade hys eyeâ—… whitled about hys body priuily fenced hys hande euer vppon hys dagger hys countenaunce and manner lyke one alwayes readye to strike agayne hee tooke ill rest anyghtes â—…y long wakyng and musing sore weeryed with care and watche rather slumbered than slepte troubled with fearefull dreames suddaynely sometyme stert vppe lepte out of hys bedde and ranne aboute the chamber so was hys restlesse hearte continuallie tossed and tumbled with the tedious impression and stormie remembraunce of his abhominable deede Nowe hadde he outwarde no long â—…yme in rest For heerevpon soone after beganne the conspiracie or rather good confederation betweene the Duke of Buckingham and many other Gentlemen agaynste hym The occasion wherevpon the Kyng and the Duke fell out is of dyuers folke dyuers wyse pretended Thys Duke as I haue for certayne beene enformed as soone as the Duke of Gloucester vppon the deathe of Kyng Edwarde came to Yorke and there hadde solemne funerall seruice for Kyng Edwarde sente thither in the most secrete wise he coulde one Persall his trustie seruaunte who came to Iohn Warde a Chamberer of lyke secrete trust with the Duke of Gloucester desiring that in the most close and couerte manner hee myghte be admitted to the presence and speeche of hys maister And the Duke of Gloucester aduertised of hys desire caused hym in the dead of the nyghte after all other folke auoyded
Butcher from his royal seate and princely dignitie Firste I fantesyed that if I lift to take vppon me the Crowne and imperiall Scepter of the Realme nowe was the time propice and conuenient For now was the way made playne and the gate opened and occasion giuen which now neglected shoulde peraduenture neuer take such effect and conclusion For I saw he was disdeyned of the Lords temporall execrate and accursed of the Lords Spirituall detested of all Gentlemen and despised of all the communaltie so that I saw my chaunce as perfectly as I saw my own image in a glasse that there was no person if I had bin greedy to attempte the enterprise coulde nor shoulde haue wonne the ring or got the gole before mee And on this poynt I rested in imagination secretely with myselfe two dayes at Tewkesberie And from theÌ„ce so iourneying I mused and thought that it was not best nor conuenient to take vpon me as a conquerour for then I knew that al meÌ„ and especially the nobilitie woulde with al their power withstande me both for rescuyng of possessioÌ„s and tenours as also for subuerting of the whole estate lawes and customes of y e Realm Such a power hath a conquerour as you know well inough my Lord. But at the last in al this doubtfull case there sprang a newe branche out of my head which surely I thought should haue broughte forthe faire floures but the sunne was so hote that they turned to drie weedes for I suddaynely remembred that Lorde Edmonde Duke of Somerset my Grandfather was with King Henrye the sixte in the two and three degrees from Iohn Duke of Lancaster lawfully begotten so that I thought sure my mother being eldest daughter to Duke Edmond that I was nexte heire to King Henrye the sixte of the house of Lancaster This title pleased well suche as I made priuie of my counsaile but muche more it encouraged my foolish desire and eleuated my ambicious intente in somuche that I cleerely iudged and in mine owne minde was determinately resolued that I was indubitate heire of the house of Lancaster and therevppon concluded to make my firste foundation and erect my new buylding But whether God so ordeyned or by fortune it so chanced while I was in a maze other to conclude suddaynely on thys title and to set it open amongst the coÌ„mon people or to keepe it secret a while see the chance as I rode betwene Worceter and Bridgenorth I encountred with the Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond now wife to the Lorde Stanley whiche is the very daughter and 〈◊〉 heyre to Lord Iohn Duke of Somerset my Grandfathers elder brother whiche was as cleane out of my minde as though I hadde neuer seene hir so that shee and hir sonne the Earle of Richmond be both bulwarke and portecolice betweene mee and the gate to enter into the maiestie royal and getting of the Crowne And wheÌ„ we had coÌ„muned a little concerning hir sonne as I shal shew you after and were departed she to our Ladie of Worcester and I to Shrewsbury I then new changed and in maner amazed began to dispute with my selfe little considering that thus my earnest title was turned to a tittel not so good as Est Amen Eftsoones I imagined whether I were best to take vpon me by the election of the nobilitie and communaltie which me thought easie to be done the vsurper king thus being in hatred and abhorred of this whole realm or to take it by power which standeth in fortunes chaunce and difficile to bee atchieued and brought to passe Thus tumbling and tossing in the waues of ambiguitie betwene the stone and sacrifice I considered first the office dutie and payne of a King whiche surely thynke I that no mortall man can iustly and truly obserue except he be called elected specially appoynted by God as king Dauid and dyuers other haue bin But farther I remembred that if I once tooke on me the scepter and the gouernaunce of the realme That of two extreme enimies I was dayely sure but of one trustye frend which now a days be gone a pilgrimage I was neither assured nor credibly ascertayned suche is the worldes mutation for I manifestly perceiued that the daughters of king Edward and their alyes and frendes whiche be no small number being both for his sake muche beloued and also for the greate iniurie and manifeste tyrannie done to them by the newe vsurper muche lamented and pitied would neuer ceasse to barke if they can not byte at the one side of me Sâ—…blably my cousyn the Earle of Richmond hys aydes and kinsfolke whiche be not of little power will surely atteÌ„pt lyke a fierce grandhound eyther to byte or to pierce mee on the other side So that my lyfe and rule should euer hang by a haire neuer in quiet but euer in doubt of death or deposition And if the sayde two lynages of Yorke and Lancaster whiche so long haue striued for the Imperiall diademe shoulde ioyne in one againste mee then were I surely mated and the game gotten Wherefore I haue cleerely determined and with my selfe concluded vtterly to relinquishe all suche fantasticall imaginations concerning the obteyning of the Crowne But all suche plagues calamities troubles which I feared and suspected might haue chaÌ„ced on me if I had taken the rule and regiment of this Realme I shall with a reredemayne so make them rebound to our common enimie that calleth himselfe King that the best stopper that he hath at tenice shall not well stoppe without a faulte for as I tolde you before the Countesse of Richmonde in my returne from the new named King meeting mee in the high way prayed mee firste for kinred sake secondarily for the loue that I bare to my Grandfather Duke HuÌ„frey which was sworne brother to hir father to moue the King to bee good to hir sonne Henrye Earle of Richmond and to licence him with hys fauour to returne agayne into England and if it were his pleasure so to doe shee promised that the Earle hir sonne shoulde marrie one of Kyng Edwardes daughters at the appoyntmente of the King without any thing to bee taken or demaunded for the sayde espousals but onely the Kings fauoure whiche request I soone ouerpassed and gaue hir faire wordes and so departed But after in my lodging when I called to memorie with a deliberate studie and did circumspectly ponder them I fully adiudged that the holy Ghost caused hir to moue a thing the ende whereof she could not consider both for the seenritie of the Realme as also for the preferment of hir childe and the destruction and finall confusion of the common enimie King Richard Whiche thing she neither then thought I am sure as I by hir wordes coulde make coniecture nor I my selfe cast not hir desire to be so profitable to the Realme as I now doe perceyue but suche a Lord is God that with a little sparkle hee kyndleth a great fire and so finally to declare to
goe on land which being trayned foorth a pretie way frō their ships were sodainly compassed about beset of y e Kentishmen Perkin men ◅fated and at one stroke vanquished driuen backe to their ships of whom ther wer taken prisoners an C.lx. persons Perkins Cap◅nes taken and executed whereof fiue Montfort Corbet White Belt Quintine or otherwise Genin being captaines were brought to Londō by sir Iohn Pechy sheriffe of Kent railed in ropes like Horses drawing in a cart and after vpon their arrainment cōfessed their offēce were executed some at London other in the townes adioining to y e sea coast Perkin retu◅eth into Flāders And thus Perkyn missing of his purpose fled backe into Flāders In this very seson departed to God Cicilie Duches of Yorke mother to K. Edward y e .iiij. at hir castel of Berkhāstere a womā of smal stature The death of Cicely Duches of Yorke but of much honor high parentage was buried by hir husbād in y e colledge of Fodringey The K. being aduertised y e his enimies were landed leauing off hys progresse purposed to haue returned to London but being certified the next day of y e lucky speede of his faithfull subiects cōtinued his progresse sent sir Rich. Guylford both to cōmend the fidelitie manhod of the Kentishmen also to rēder to thē most harty thāks for y e same He also caused order to be takē for y e erecting of beacons and watching of them Perkin then perceiuing that hee shoulde not bee receiued in Englande sailed into Ireland trusting there to augment his nūbers and then to returne towards y e coast of England again and to take land in the West coūtrey if occasion serued but if not Perkin saileth into Irelande thē he determined to saile straight into Scotl. to seeke friēdship ther. After he had therfore stayed a while in Irelād and perceiued y t the hope of victory consisted not in y e Irish nation being naked people w tout furniture of armour or weapon he tooke y e sea againe at Corffe sailed into Scotlande where cōming to the presence of K. Iames he forged suche a painted processe to moue him to beleeue that he was the very sonne of K. Edward that the Scottishe King whether blinded by error or vsing dissimulatiō y t he mighte vnder a coulourable pretext make war against England begā to haue Perkin in great honour and caused him openly to bee called Duke of Yorke And to perswade y e world y t so he was indeede Katherine daughter to the Earle of Huntlay maried to Perkin 1496 he caused the Lady Katherine daughter to Alexander Erle of Huntley his nigh kinsmā to be espoused to him And shortly after hauing this Perkin with him in cōpany he entred into England with a puissant army caused proclamation to be made The Scottishe K. inuideth England with a great army in Perkin his behalfe to spare al those y t would submit thēselfs vnto Richarde D. of Yorke heerewith they began the war in most cruel maner w t slaughter of men brenning of Townes spoiling of houses and committing of all other detestable enormities so that all the Countrey of Northumberlande was by them in manner wasted and destroyed At length when the souldiers were ladē with spoile and saciate with bloud perceiuing that no succoures came out of Englād vnto the new inuented Duke contrary to that whiche he had made them to beleeue would come to passe they determined to returne rather with assured gaine than to tarrie y e vncertaine victorie of that counterfaite Duke and so therevpon they withdrew backe into Scotland enriched with prayes and booties It is saide that Perkin Warbecke beeyng retourned into Scotlande with the Kyng of Scottes vnder a cloked pretence should sore lamente the greate slaughter spoyle and domage which had bin done at this last roade made into Englande and therefore as one that bare a naturall loue towarde his natiue Countrey besoughte the King of Scottes that from thenceforth hee woulde no more so deface his naturall Realme and destroy his subiects with suche terrible fire flame and hauocke as who should say he beeing ouercome now with compassion dyd bewayle the cruell destruction of his naturall Countrey of England But the Scottish King told him that he seemed to take thought for that which appeared to be none of his sith that not so much as one Gentleman or yeoman for ought that he coulde see would once shewe themselues ready to ayde hym in the warre begunne for his cause and in his name within that realme whiche he pretended so cleerely to apperteine to him The Kyng of Englande beeing certyfied of this inuasion prepared an armye with all diligence to haue resisted the Scots but they were returned ere the Englishe power could assemble togither An. reg 12. When the King was truely certified that the Scottishe King was returned home hee stayed all the preparations made at that time to goe against him but yet meaning to bee reuenged of the wrongs done to hym by King Iames and his people he first called a Parliament and in that assemblie of the three estates of his Realm he declared the cause of the instant warre how necessarie it should be for the suretie and welth of the realme of England to haue that war pursued against those enimies that had begon it To this motion all the nobilitie wholly agreed And to the maintenance of that warre a subsidie was by whole assent of the parliament freely giuen and graunted Which payment though it was not great yet manie of the cōmon people sore grudged to pay y e same as they that euer abhorre such taxes exactions At the same parliament were diuers acts statutes made necessarie and expedient as was thought for the publike weale of the realm 1497 In the meane season the K. of Scots perceyuing that the Englishmen would shortly goe about to reuēge the iniuries done to them by him and his people assembled eftsoons a puissant armie that he might either defende his realme against the English power attempting to inuade his countrey or else a fresh to enter into the English borders And thus these two mightie princes mynded nothing more than the one to endomage the other But the king of England wold not deferre one houre by his good will til he were reuenged and therfore prepared a mightie army to inuade Scotland and ordeyned for chieftayn therof y e lord Daubeney But as this army was assembled and that the lord Daubeney was forward on his iourney towards Scotland he was sodainly stayed and called backe again by reason of a new commotion begon by the Cornishmen for the paimēt of the Subsidie which was granted at the last parliament A Rebellion in Cornewall for the payment of a subsedie These vnruly people the Cornishmen inhabiting in a bareyn country and vnfruitful at the firste sore repined that
his lignage so long to reigne in wealth and felicitie in conclusion with his brother Rycharde fled again into Flaunders This departure of the Earle sore vexed the king doubting of some newe trouble to ensue thereof But yet to vnderstande the full meaning of the sayd Erle the King vsed his olde serche for immediately after the Erle was fled he appointed sir Robert Curson whom he had aduanced to the order of knighthoode and made Captaine of Hammes Castell a valiant man and a circumspect to dissemble himselfe to bee one of that conspiracie went into Flaunders to espie what was done there by the Ladie Margaret and his Nephewe the Earle of Suffolke After that the sayde sir Robert Curson was thus gone into Flaunders the king to put hym out of al suspition with the said ladie Margaret the Earle caused the sayde Earle and sir Robert Curson and fiue persons more to be accursed at Paules Crosse the first Sunday of Nouember as enimies to him and his realme To be briefe the king by this meanes and other such diligent inquisition as hee made tryed out such as he suspected partly to be deuisers of mischiefe agaynst him and partly to beare no sincere affection towardes his person so that hee coulde readilye name them whereof a greate parte were within fewe dayes apprehended and taken And amongest them William Lorde Courtney sonne to the Earle of Deuonshire whiche had maryed the Ladie Katherine daughter to king Edwarde the fourth Lorde William de in Pole brother to the foresayde Erle of Suffolk sir Iames Tyrrell sir Iohn Wyndam Both the Williams were rather taken of suspition bicause they were so neare of kinne to the Conspyrates than for any proued matter But Sir Iames Tyrrell and Iohn Windam bycause they were traytours Tyrrell and Windam beheaded and so attaynted the sixt day of May after theyr apprehension they were on the tower hill beheaded When the Earle of Suffolke hearde what fortune thus happened to his friendes as one in vtter dispayre to haue anye good successe in hys pretensed enterprice wandred about all Germanie and France to purchase some ayde and succour if by any meanes hee myght But when hee perceyued no stedfaste grounde to eatche anchor holde vpon he submitted himselfe vnder the Protection of Philip Archduke of Austriche But his brother Richarde being a politique man so wisely ordred himself in this stormy tempest that he was not entrapped either with net or snare The king not yet out of all doubt of ciuill sedition bycause a great number of euill disposed persons partakers of this conspiracie wâ—…ll fledde into â—…rie Sanctuaries demâ—… to haue al the Gates of Sainctuaries and places priuiledged 〈◊〉 and loâ—…ked vp so that 〈◊〉 shoulde issue one from thence to pâ—…turbâ—… and vnquyeâ—… him And for â—…he â—…ntent he wrote vnto Pope Alexander ofstring him by his authoritie to adiudge all English menne being fledde to Sainctuarie for the offence vâ—…asâ—… 〈◊〉 enimyes to the Christian sayth â—…ng and prouyding the refuge and priuiledge of Sainctuarie to all sâ—… as once haâ—… enioyed the libertie and protection of the â—…ame and after had sleâ—…de but and eftsoones returned againe Whiche thing after that the Pope had graunted Sanctuation restrayned turned to the great quâ—…tnesse of the King and his Realme For â—…ye that had offended for some to fall into daunger returned to the due â—…stion of theyr Princes and order 〈◊〉 were yet from peryll â—…e not hazarde themselues so â—…ly as they durst haue done before vpon hope of suche stâ—…tyng holes When the king had 〈◊〉 â—…led â—…ings to his owne contentation and pâ—…e there sodainly happened to him a lamentable chaunce For that noble Prince Arthure the â—…ings first begotten sonne after he had been maryed to the lady â—…atheryn his wife 〈◊〉 space of that monethes The death of Arthur Prince of Wales â—…e parted out of this it â—…r if 〈◊〉 in his â—…affel of Ludlow and with great 〈…〉 was baned in the Cathedrall Church at Worcester His brother the Duke of Yorke was stayed from the tylle of Prince by the â—…e of a moâ—… till to women it might appeare whether the Ladie Katheryn wyfe to the sayde Prince Arthure was conceyued with childe or not In 〈◊〉 xviij yeare the .xxiiij. day of Ianuarie An. reg 18. a quarter of an houre afore three of the clocke at after â—…e of the same day 1503 the still stone of our ladie Chapel within y e Monasterie of Westmynster was layde by the handes of Iohn Isâ—…ip Abbot of the same Monasterie Sir Reignaâ—…e Bray â—…ight of the â—…aâ—… â—…or Barnes master of the â—…lles Doctor Wall Chaplayen to the kings Maiestie Maister Hugh Oâ—…ham Chaplayne to the Countâ—… of Derbie Richmond the kings mother the Edwarde Stanhope knight and diuerse other Vpon the same stone was this scripture engrauen Pâ—…sti issâ—… Henrieus septimus rex Angâ—…ra Franciae Dominus Hibernaie posur hanc petram in honâ—…e beatae vngâ—… Maria. 24 â—…e â—…nuarij anno domini 1502 â—…no dicâ—… Regâ—…s Henrier sepriums decimo octauo Queene Elizabeth lying within the Tower of London was brought a bed of a fayre â—…der on Candlemasse day which was there christened and named Katherin and the .xj. of the same month the sayd Queene there deceased and was buryed at Westminster whose daughter also lyued but a small season after hir mother The .xviij. of Februarie the king at his Palace of Westminster created his onely sonne Henrie Prince of Wales Earle of Chester c. who afterwardes succeeded his father in possession of the regall Crowne of this realme Moreouer this yeare also after the deceasse of that noble Queene for hir vertue commonlye called good Queene Elizabeth departed oute of thys worlde also sir Reignalde Bray knight of the Garter Sir Reignold Bray his death a very father of hys Countrey for his high wisedome and singular loue to iustice well worthie to beare that tytle If any thing had beene done amysse contrarie to lawe and equitie Iust commendacions of Morton Archbishop of Canterbury and Sir Reynold Bray hee woulde after an humble sorte plainely blame the King and giue hym good aduertisement that he should not onely refourme the same but also hee more circumspect in any other the lyke case Of the same vertue and faythfull plainnesse was Iohn Morton Archbishop of Canterburie whiche dyed as is shewed aboue two yeares before So these two persoÌ„s were refrainers of y t kings vnbrydeled libertie where as the common people ignorant altogyther of the truth in suche matters iudged and reported that the counsayle of those two worthie personages corrupted y e kings cleane and immaculate conscience contrarie to his princelye disposition and naturall inclynation Suche is euer the errour of the common people About this tyme dyed Henrie the Archbishop of Canterburie whose rowmth Doctor William Warham Bishop of London supplyed And to the Sea of London William Barnes was appoynted and after his death succeded one
Spiritualtie and Temporaltie hauing eyther lande or substance were inuited to that plucking banket Sir Gilbart Talbot Knight 1307 and Richard Bere abbot of Glastenburie and Doctor Robert Sherborne Deane of Pouls were sent as ambassadors from the king vnto Rome to declare vnto Pius the third of that name newly elected Pope what ioy and gladnesse had entred the Kings heart for his preferment but hee taryed not the comming of those Ambassadours for within a Moneth after that he was installed hee rendred his deâ—… to nature and so had short pleasure of his promotion The Lord â—…y dieth At the same time dyed Gyles Lord Dawbeney the kings chiefe Chamberleyne whose office Charles bastarde sonne to Henrie last Duke of Somerset occupied and enioyed a man of good wit and great experience An reg 23. 〈◊〉 baâ—…d 〈◊〉 of Vâ—…bin â—…ye made 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 Soone after the king caused Guidebalde duke of Vrbyne to be elected knight of the order of the Garter in like maner as his father Duke Frederike had beene before him which was chosen and admitted into y e order by K. Edward the fourth Sir Gilbert Talbot and the other two Ambassadors being appointed to keepe on there iourney vnto Pope Iuly the seconde elected after the death of the sayde Pius the thirde bare the habite and coller also vnto the sayde Duke Guidehalde which after he had receyued y e same sent sir Balthaser Castalio knight a Mantuan borne as his Orator vnto king Henrie whiche was for hym enstalled according to the ordinaÌ„ces of the order This yere that worthie prelate Thomas Sauage Archbishop of York departed this life at his Castel of Cawood a man beside the worthinesse of his birth highly esteemed with his Prince for his fast fidelitie and great wisdome He bestowed greate cost in repayring the Castell of Cawâ—…d and the Manor of Scroby His body was buried at Yorke but he appoynted by his testament that his hart should be buried at Macclesfield in Câ—…shire where hee was borne in a Chapell there of his foundation ioyning to the Southside of the Churche meaning to haue founded a Colledge there also if his purpose had not beene preuented by death After him succeeded doctor Beâ—…bridge in the Archbishops sea of Yorke the .56 Archbishop that had sit in that sea About this same time Lewes the French king maried his eldest daughter named Clare vnto Frances de Valois Dolphin of Vienne and duke of Angolesme which Ladie was promised vnto Charles the king of Castile wherevpon by Ambassadors sent to and fro betwixt K. Henrye and the said king of Castile a mariage was coÌ„cluded betwixt the said K. of Castile the ladie Marie daughter to K. Henry being about the age of ten yeres For conclusion of which mariage 1508 the lord of Barow and other Ambassadors wer sent into England from the Emperor Maxilian which with great rewardes returned The sicknesse which held the king dayly more and more encreasing An. reg 24. he well perceyued that hys end drew nere and therfore meaning to do some high pleasure to his people graunted of his free motion a general pardon to all men 1509 for al offences done and coÌ„mitted against any his lawes or statutes theeues murtherers and certaine other were excepted He payed also the fees of all prisoners in the Gales in and about London abiding there only for that dutie He payed also the debts of all such persons as lay in the CouÌ„ters or Ludgate for .xl. ss vnder some he relieued that wer condenmed in .x. lb. Herevpon were processions generally vsed euery day in euery citie parish to pray to almightie God for his restoring to health long coÌ„tinuaÌ„ce of y e same Neuerthelesse he was so wasted w t his long malady The death of King Henrie the seuenth y e nature could 〈◊〉 loÌ„ger sustein his life so he departed out of thys world the .xxij. of April in his palace of RichmoÌ„d in the yere of our lord .1509 His corps was conueied w t al funeral pompe to Westm there buried by the good Q. his wife in a sumptuous chapel which he not loÌ„g before had caused to be buiâ—…ded He reigned .xxiij. yeres more thaÌ„ .vij. Moneths liued .lij. yeres He had by his Q. Elizabeth foure sonnes foure daughters of y e which three remained aliue behind him HeÌ„ry his second son prince of Wales which after him was king Margaret Q. of Scots the lady Mary promised to Charles k. of Castile The description of King Henry the seuenth He was a maÌ„ of body but leane and spare albeit mighty strong therewith of personage stature somwhat higher thaÌ„ the mean sort of meÌ„ of a woÌ„derful beauty faire complexion of countenance mery smyling especially in his communication his eies gray his teeth single heare thin of wit in al things quick prompt of a princely stomack chante courage In gret â—…rils doubtful affaires matters of importance â—…pernatural in maner diuine for hee ordred all his doings aduisedly and with greate deliberation Besides this he was sober moderate honest courteous bounteous and so muche abhorring pride and arrogancie that he was euer sharpe and quicke to them that were noted with that fault Hee was also an indifferent and vpryght Iusticier Iustice mingled with mercye by the which one thing he allured to him the heartes of many people and yet to thys seueritie of hys hee ioyned a certayne mercyfull pitie whiche he did extende to those that had offended the penall lawes and were put to theyr fynes by hys Iustices Hee dyd vse hys rygour onelye as hee sayde hymselfe to daunte bryng lowe and abate the highe myndes and stoute stomacks of the wealthie and wylde people nourished vp in seditious factions and ciuill rebellions rather than for the greedie desyre of money although such as were scourged wyth amerciamentes cryed oute and sayde it was rather for the respect of game than for any politike prouision In deede he left his Coffers well stuffed for hee was no wastfull consumer of his ryches by any inordinate meanes Out of the Bishoppe of Rochesters funerall sermon preached in Poules church at London To conclude he had asmuch in him of giftes both of bodie minde and fortune as was possible for any king to haue his politique wisedome in gouernaunce was singuler his wytte alwaye quicke and ready his reason pithie and substanciall his memorie fresh and holding his experience notable his counsailes fortunate and taken by wise deliberation his speche gratious in diuerse languages his person as before ye haue hard right comlie his natural complexion of the purest mixture leagues and coÌ„federations he had with all Christian Princes His mightie power was dread euery where not onely wythin hys Realme but without Also his people were to him in as humble subiection as euer they were to King his lande many a daye in peace and tranquilitie hys
by some of theÌ„ be came thus to his ende At length the murtherer in deede was condemned at Banburie in Oxfordshyre to die for a felonie which he afterwardes committed and when hee came to the Gallowes on whiche hee suffered he confessed that he did this murther and till that tyme hee was neuer had in anye suspicion thereof The .xxix. of Marche were twelue of the Lincolneshyre Rebelles drawne to Tyborne and there hanged and quartered fiue of them were priestes the residue lay men One of the priestes was Doctour Makarell and another was the vicar of Louth About this season the maner of casting pipes of leade for the conueyaunce of water vnder the ground Grafton The inuention of casting pipes without occupying of sonder to the same was inuented by Robert Brocke Clearke then one of the kings Chaplaynes an inuention right necessarie for the sauing of expenses for two men and a boy will doe that in one day which before could not be done by many men in many dayes Robert Cowper Goldsmyth was the fyrst that made the instruments and put this inuention in practise An. reg 29. In the verie beginning of this yeare certaine Commissioners beeing sent into Somersetshyre to take vp corne the people beganne to make an Insurrection but by the wisedome and diligence of yong master Paulet and others the same was suppressed and the begynners therof to the number of .lx. were apprehended and condemned and xiiij of them were hanged and quartred One of the number being a woman The rest 〈◊〉 were saued by the kings mercifull pardon In Iune the Lorde Daâ—… and the Lorde Husey Execution were arraigned at Westmynster before the Marques of Exceter then high Stewarde where they were found guiltie and haâ—… iudgemeÌ„t as in cases of high treason Shortly after also were arraigned sir Robert Conestable sir Thomas Pâ—…roâ—…e Arraignmeâ—… sir Frances Bigot sir Stephen Hamilton sir Iohn Bâ—…lmeâ—… and his wife or 〈◊〉 her as some report his paramout also William Lomley Nicholas Tempest William Tâ—…t Abbot of Fountaynes Adam Sudburie Abbot of Ierueux William Wolde Prior of Birlington also the Abbot of Ryuers and Robert Aske They were all found guiltie of high treason al put to death Sir Robert Conestable was hanged in Chaâ—…s ouer Beuerley gate at Hul and Robert Aske was also hanged in chaynes on a tower at Yorke and Margaret Cheyuey sir Iohn Bulmers paramor burnt in Smithfield in London The other suffered at Tiborne In the latter end of Iune Execution was the lord Darcy beheaded at the tower hill shortly after the lord Husey was likewise beheaded at Lincolne This yeare at Saint Georges feast was the Lord Cromwell made knight of the Garter In October on Saint Edwardes euen The birth oâ—… king Edwâ—… the sixth which falleth on the twelfth of that Moneth at Hampton court the Queene was deliuered of hir sonne named Edward for whose byrth great ioy was made through the Realme with thankes giuing to almightie God who hadde sent suche a yong Prince to succeede his father in the Crowne of this Realme as afterwarde he did by the name of king Edward the sixt His Godfathers at the Font stone were the Archbishoppe of Canterburie and the Duke of Norffolke The Ladie Marie was his Godmother And at the Bishopping the Duke of Suffolke was his Godfather But as ioy is often myxed with sorrowe The death 〈◊〉 Queene Iaâ—… so at that tyme it came to passe by the death of his mother that noble vertuous Lady Queene Iane whiche departed out of thys lyfe the fourtenth day of this Month of October to the great grief of the whole realme but namely the king hir husband tooke it most grieuously of all other who remouing to Westminster there kept himselfe close a great while after The .viij. of NoueÌ„ber the corps of the Queene was caried to Winsore with great solemnitie there buried in the midst of the Quiere in the castell Church There was also a soleÌ„mn herse made for hir in Pauls church funeral exequies celebrate as well as in al other churches within the Citie of London The king held his Christmas at Greenewich and as well he as all the Court ware mourning apparell till the morow after Candlemasse day and then he and all other chaunged 1538 〈…〉 This yeare the vicount Beauchampe was created Earle of Hertfort and sir William Fitzwilliam Lorde high Admiral was created Earle of Southampton An. reg 30. 〈◊〉 Forest In May a Frier obseruant called Frier Forest was apprehended for that he was knowne in secrete confessions to haue declared to many of the Kings liege people that the king was not supreme heade of the Church where he had by hys othe neuerthelesse affyrmed him so to be Wherevpon in his examination that poynt beyng layde to hys charge he answered that hee tooke his othe with his outwarde man but hys inwarde man neuer consented therevnto But beeyng further accused of dyuerse hereticall and damnable opinions that he helde and mainteyned contrarie to the Scripture at length beyng not able to defende the same he submitted himself to the punishment of y e Church But wheÌ„ vpon thys hys submission hauing more libertie thaÌ„ before he had to talke with whom he would and other hauing libertie to talke with him he was inceÌ„sed by some such as had conference with him that the Frier when his abiuration was sent him to read peruse he vtterly refused it and obstinately stood to al his heresies treasons thervpon he was coÌ„demned and afterwardes on a paire of new gallowes prepared for him in Smithfield he was haÌ„ged by the middle and armholes al quicke and vnder the gallowes was made a fire wherewith hee was consumed and burnt to death 〈◊〉 Forrest 〈◊〉 There were diuers of the counsel present at his death ready to haue graunted him pardon if any spark of repentance would haue appeared in him There was also a Pulpet prepared in whiche that renowmed preacher Hugh Latimer then bishop of Worcester by manifest Scriptures confuted the Friers errors and with many godly exhortations moued him to repentance but hee would neither heare nor speake A little before the execution an huge and great Image was brought to the gallowes This Image was fetched out of Wales which y e Welch men had in great reuereÌ„ce It was named Daruell Gatherne A prophecie They had a prophesie in Wales that this Image shoulde set a whole Forrest on fire which prophecie was nowe thought to take effect for he set this Frier Forrest on fire and consumed him to nothing The Frier when he saw the fire come caught hold on the ladder which he would not let goe but in that sort vnpaciently tooke his death so as if one might iudge him by his outward man he appeared saith Hal to haue small knowledge of God and lesse trust in hym at his ending In Iuly was Edmonde Coningshie attainted of treason
one Leigh a Gentleman and nine temporall men on which persons were apprehended and in diuers places put to execution The layde Leigh and 〈◊〉 other the one named Taterfall a clothyer and the other Thorneton a yeoman the seuententh of May were drawen through London to Tiborne and there executed And sir Iohn Neuil knight and ten other persons dyed Sir Iohn Nâ—…uill executed The countesse of Salisburie beheaded for y e same cause at Yorke The same day Margaret Countesse of Salisbury that had remayned a long tyme prisoner in the Tower was beheaded there within the Tower She was the last of the right line and name of Plantagenet The ninth of Iune for ensample sake Execution two of the kings gard the one named Dâ—…mport and the other Chapman were hanged at Greenewiche by the Friers wall for robberies whiche they hadde committed The Lord Leonard Gray beeyng endited of certain points of treason by him committed as was alledged againste him during the season that he was the kings Lieutenant in Irelande to wite for deliuering his nephew Girald Fitz Garard brother to Thomas Fitz Gararde before executed and also for that hee caused certain Irishmen to inuade the lands of the Kings friendes whome hee fauoured not the fiue and tweÌ„tith of Iune he was araigned at Westminster in the Kinges benche and appoynted to bee tryed by knightes bycause he was a L. by name and no L. of the Parliament but hee discharged the Iury and confessed the enditemente wherevpon he had iudgemente and on the eyghte and twentith of Iune being Saint Peters euen hee was beheaded at Tower hill The Lorde Leonard Grey beheaded where he ended his life very quietly and godly This noble man as he was come of high lignage so was he a ryghte valiant and hardy personage hauing in his time done his Prince and countrey good seruice both in Irelande France and other places greatly to his commendation although now his happe was thus to lose his head The same day that he suffered there were executed at S. Thomas Waterings three Gentlemen Iohn Mantel Iohn Frowds and George Roydon They dyed for a murther committed in Suffer as their â—…ement imported in company of Thomas Fâ—…s Lorde Daâ—…s of the Sonthe â–ª The truth where of was thus the sayde Lorde Dacres through the lewds perswasion of soute of them as hath ben reported meaning to hunt in the Parke of Nicholas Pelham Esquire at Langht a in the same countie of Sassex beyng accompanyed with the sayd Mantel Frowâ—… and Râ—…on Iohn Cheynte and Thomas Isley Gentlemen Richarde Middleton and Iohn â—…oâ—…ell yeomen passâ—… from his house of Hurstmonseux the last of Aprill in the night season towarde the same parke where they inteÌ„ded so to hunt and comiÌ„g vnto a place called Pikehay in the parish of Heâ—…ingâ—…y they founde one Iohn Buforigge Iames Busbrigge and Richard Saâ—…ner standing there togither and as it fell out through quaâ—…ing there ensurdâ—… fray betwixte the sayde Lorde Dacres and hys company on the one partie and the sayde Iohn and Iames Busbrigge and Richard Somener on the other in so muche that the sayde Iohn Busbrigge receiued such hurt that he dyed thereof the second of May next ensuing wherevpon as well the sayde L. Dacres as those that were there with him and diuers other likewise that were appointed to goe an other way to meete them at the said parke were endited of murther and the seauen and twentith of Iune the Lorde Dacres himselfe was araigned before the Lorde Audeley of Walden then Lord Chancellor sitting that daye as high Stewarde of Englande with other Peeces of the Realme aboute hym who then and there condemned the sayde Lorde Dacres to die for that transgression and afterwards the nine and twentith of Iune being S. Peters daye at eleuen of the clocke in the forenoone the Sheriffes of London accordingly as they were appointed were ready at the Tower to haue receiued the saide prisoner and hym to haue led to execution on the Tower hill but as the prisoner shoulde come forthe of the Tower one Heire a Gentleman of the L. Chancellors house came and in the Kings name commaunded to stay the execution till two of the clocke in the afternoone whiche caused many to thynke that the King would haue graunted his pardon But neuerthelesse at three of the clocke in the same afternoone he was brought forth of y e Tower and deliuered to the Sherifes who led him a foote betwixt them vnto Tiborne wher he dyed His body was buryed in the Churche of S. Sepulchers hee was not past four and twentie yeare of age when he came thus through great mishappe to his ende for whome manye sore lamented and likewise for the other three Gentlemen Mantell Frowdes and Roydon but for the said yong L. being a right towardly Gentleman and suche a one as many hadde conceyued greate hope of better proofe no small moane and lamentation was made the more indeede for that it was thought he was induced to attempt such follie whiche occasioned his deathe by some light heads that were then about him The King goeth in progresse into Yorkeshire This Sommer the King kept his progresse to Yorke and passed through Lincolneshire where was made to him an humble submission by the Temporaltie and confessing their faults they humbly thanked him for his pardon which he had graunted them Giftes giuen to him by them of Lincolneshire The Towne of Stanford gaue to him twenty pound the citie of Lincolne fortie pounde Boston fiftie pounde that parte of the Shire whiche is called Linsey gaue three C. pound and Kesterne and the Church of Lincolne presented him with fiftie pound At his entring into Yorkeshire hee was met with two hundred Gentlemen of the same shire in coates of veluet and foure M. tall yeomen and seruing menne well horsed whiche on their knees made their submission by the mouth of Sir Roberte Bowes gaue to the K. nine hundred pounde Giftes giuen by them of Yorkeshire On Barnesdale the Archb. of York with three C. Priestes and more met the K. and makyng a like submission gaue to him sixe C. pounde The like submission was made by the Maiors of Yorke Newcastell and Hull and eache of them gaue to the King an hundred poundes After he had bin at Yorke twelue dayes hee came to Hull Hull fortifyâ—… where he deuised certayne fortifications This done he passed ouer the water of Humbre and so through Lincolneshire returned towards the South parts and at Alhallowen tide came to Hampton Court Aboute the same time the Kyng had knowledge that the Queene lyued dissolutely in vsing the vnlawfull companye of one Frauncis Diram with whome she had bin too familiar before hir marriage with the King and not meaning to forgoe his company now in time of hir mariage without regard had eyther to the feare of God or the King hir husband the last Sommer beeing in progresse with the King at
Henrye Marques of Exeter Cousin Germayne to King Henrye the eight as is said before For the saide King and hee were descended of two sisters Elizabeth and Katherine two of the daughters of Kyng Edwarde the fourth whych propinquitie of bloud notwithstandyng the sayde Marques for poyntes of treason layde against hym suffered at the Tower hil the thirtith yeare of the raigne of King Henry the eight to the greate doloure of the most of the subiectes of thys Realme who for hys sundry vertues bare him greate fauour After whose death this yong Gentleman hys sonne beeyng yet a childe was committed prisoner to the Tower where hee remayned vntyll the beginning of the raigne of thys Queene Mary as before you haue hearde Thys Gentleman as it appeared was borne to bee a Prisoner for from twelue yeares of age vnto thirtie hee hadde scarce two yeares libertie within the whiche time hee dyed and obteyned quiet whiche in his life he could neuer haue Ambassadors sent to treate a peace betweene the Frenche king and the Emperoure In the moneth of May nexte followyng Cardinall Poole who hadde bin a great labourer for peace betwene the French Kyng and the Emperour beeyng accompanyed with Steuen Gardiner Byshop of Winchester and Chancellor of Englande the Earle of Arundell Lorde Stewarde and the Lorde Paget were sent by the Kyng and Queene ouer the Sea to Calais and from thence went to the Towne of Marke where they mette with the Ambassadours of the Emperoure and the Frenche Kyng From the Emperoure were sente the Byshoppe of Arras with other From the Frenche King was sente the Cardinall of Loraine the Connestable of France In thys treatie Cardinall Poole sate as president and Vmpiere in the name of the Queene of England This peace was greatly laboured where at the firste there was muche hope but in the ende nothing was concluded wherefore the seuententh day of Iune thys assembly was dissolued and the English Ambassadors returned agayne into Englande An. reg 3. In the beginning of September .1555 Kyng Philip went ouer into Flanders to the Emperour hys father A greate flood encreased by rayne And in the moneth of October nexte following fell so greate a rayne that the abundance thereof caused the Thames to swell so hygh that for the space of foure or fyue dayes the Boates and Barges rowed ouer all Sainte Georges fielde and the water rose so hygh at Westminster that lykewise a boate myghte haue bin rowed from the one ende of the Hall to the other Commissioners sent to Oxforde About this time the Byshoppes of Lincolne Gloucester and Bristow were sent in commission to Oxford by the Popes authoritie to examine Ridley and Latimer vpon certayne articles by them Preached whiche if they woulde not recant and consente to the Popes doctrine then hadde they power to proceede to sentence agaynste them as Heretikes and to committe them ouer to the secular power Those two Doctors neuerthelesse stoode constantly to that whyche they hadde taught and woulde not reuoke for whyche cause they were condemned and after burned in the Towne ditche at Oxforde the sixtenth daye of October In the tyme of whose examination bycause the Byshoppes aforesayde declared themselues to bee the Popes Commissioners neyther Ridley nor Latimer woulde doe them anye reuerence but kepte theyr cappes on theyr heads wherefore they were sharpelye rebuked by the Byshoppe of Lincolne and one of the officers was commaunded to take off theyr cappes Of these menne and the manner of theyr deathe yee may reade at large in the Booke of the Monuments of the Churche The one and twentith of October A Parliament a Parliamente was holden at Westminster in the whyche amongst other thyngs the Queene beeing perswaded by the Cardinall and other of hir Cleargie that shee coulde not prosper so long as shee kepte in hir handes any possessions of the Churche dyd frankely and freely resigne and render vnto them all those reuenewes ecclesiasticall whych by the authoritie of Parliament in the tyme of Kyng Henrye hadde bin annexed to the Crowne called the fyrst frutes and tenthes of all Byshoprickes benefices and Ecclesiasticall promotions The resignation whereof was a greate diminution of the reuenewes of the Crowne Duryng the tyme of this Parliament The death of Stephen Gardner Byshop of Winchester Stephen Gardiner Byshoppe of Winchester and Chancellor of Englande dyed at hys house called Winchester place besyde Saint Marye Queries in Southwarke the ninth day of Nouember whose corps was shortly after solemnely from thence conueyd to hys Churche of Winchester and there buryed After whose deathe The Archbyshop of Yorke Nicholas Heathe Archebyshoppe of Yorke was preferred by the Queene to the office of the Chauncelloure In the moneth of Marche nexte following 1556 there was in manner no other talke but of the greate preparation that was made for the Queenes lying in Childbed who hadde alreadye taken vppe hir chamber and sundry Ladies and Gentlewomen were placed about hir in euerye office of the Court. In so muche that all the Courte was full of Midwiues Nursses and Rockers and this talke continued almost halfe a yeare and was affirmed true by some of hir Phisitions and other persons about hir In so muche that dyuers were punished for saying the contrary And moreouer commaundemente was gyuen in all Churches for Procession with supplications and prayers to bee made to Almightie God for hir safe deliuerie Yea and dyuers prayers were specially made for that purpose And the sayde rumor continued so long A rumor that Queene Marâ—… was deliuered of a Prince that at the last reporte was made that shee was delyuered of a Prince and for ioye thereof Belles were roong and Bonefiers made not only in the Citie of London but also in sundrie places of the Realme but in the ende all proued cleane contrarie and the ioy and expectatioÌ„ of the people vtterly frustrate for shortly it was fully certified almost to all men that the Queene was as then neyther deliuered of childe nor after was in hope to haue any Of this the people spake diuersly Some sayde that the rumor of the Queenes conception was spredde for a policie Some affirmed that she was with childe but it miscaried Some other sayd that shee was deceiued by a Timpany or other lyke disease whereby shee thoughte shee was with childe and was not But what the troth was I referre the reporte thereof to other that know more Aboute thys tyme Brookes Byshoppe of Gloucester was by the Cardinall sente downe as Commissioner from the Pope to Oxforde there to syâ—â—e vppon the examination of Thomas Cranmer Archebyshoppe of Caunterburie in suche things as shoulde bee layde to hys charge by Iohn Story and Thomas Martin Doctors in the lawes sent specially in commission from the Queene At which time the sayde Archebyshoppe makyng lowe obeysance to them that sate in the Queenes name shewed no token of reuerence to the Byshoppe that was the
in Fraunce 178.44 Adrian made Abbot of the Monasterie of S. Augustines 178.51 Adrian Abbot excellent well learned 178.85 Adrian buildeth a wal between the Britaines and Scotes 76.49 Adrian the Emperour passeth ouer into Britaine and quieteth the Iland 76.41 Adelwold fleeth into Northumberland to the Danes 219.101 Adelwold entereth the parties of the East Angles with a nauie of the Danes 220.19 Adelwold and many of hys Danes slayne 220.44 Adelwold brother to King Edward surnamed the Elder taketh y e towne of Winbourne maryeth a NuÌ„ne 219.94 Adelme succeedeth Pleymond in the Archbyshoprick of CaÌ„torburie 224.8 Adelme Erle moueth a rebellion against Cuthred King of West Saxons 193.71 Adeline with his armie of rebelles discomfited and pardoned 193.79 Adelward put to death 260.43 Adelwold King of Sussex 176.89 Adelwold byshop of Winchester â—…34 19 Adrian refuseth to be made Archbyshop of Cantorburie 178.8 Adelstane sonne to king Edward borne 222.113 Adelstane ordeyned Byshop of Saint Germans in Cornwall 223.56 Adolfe Earle of Bulleigne 225.102 Adulfe rebelling is expulsed out of Northumberlande 224.53 Adulfe succeedeth Edelwald in the kingdome of Eastangles 177.4 Adnothus slaine in battayle by Godwyn and Edmond the great 299.28 Adarstone a little towne page 1415. col 1. line 37. page 1416. col 2. line 27. Aduentrers 1522.5 1529.10 1531.30 34. their ende 1533. Adethelme Erle slayne by the Danes 206.83 Aduersitie promiseth more theÌ„ prosperitie meaneth to performe 27â—… 64 Adam Byshop of Hereford arested 873.53 b. his Oration to the armie 879.16 b Adela sister to king Henrie the first marryed to Stephen Earle of Bloys 354.113 Adela wife to king Richard the first forsaken and sent home 475.15 491.5 Adela daughter to the French King giuen in mariage to Richard sonne to King Henrie the second 438.116 Adam Banester hanged 854.19 a. Adeline ordeyned Byshop of Welles 223.57 Adeliza daughter to Duke William of NormaÌ„die 283. â—…5 Ada the sonne of Ida created King of Brenitia 140.59 Adelicia daughter to the Duke of Lorâ—â—yne marryed to king Henrie the first 358.26 Aeâ—…wooâ—…e looke Eltwold Aetius put to death 121.63 Aetius gouernour of Fraunce vnder Honorius the Emperour 101.47 Affrica alotted vnto Cham. 1.77 Agriculas gouernment â—â—â—th commended 69.9 Agricula sent Lieutenant into Britaine 68.57 Agricolas fame groweth by neglecting it 69.4 Agricola 〈◊〉 â—â—mmaunded home to Rome by Domitianus 73.69 Age of king Iohn 543.26 Age of Arthur Duke of Britaine 543.27 Ager Anthonie knight is slaine fighting valiantly 1771.30 Agilbertus returneth into Fraunce and is made Byshop of Paris 171.74 Aguell Henrie drowned in a tempest 411.94 Agnexus and Hubbo brethren chosen captaines of y Danes 210.77 Agnes daughter to Hugh le Grand Earle of Paris maried to Richard the seconde Duke of Normandie 288.116 Ages of the realme of England as the state thereof was vnder certaine Princes 237.94 Agencourt battell page 1178 col 2. line 14. Aganippus one of the Princes of Fraunce marrieth Corddilla youngest daughter to Leix 19.113 Agendis recouered from the Frenche 876.38 b. Agatha daughter to Henrie the Emperour marryed to Edward sonne to king Edmond 259.34 Agnes hote burning vexe the people in England 242.15 Aganippus passeth into Britaine with an armie and restoreth Leiâ—… to his kingdome 20.41 Agelnothus Abbot of Glastenburie 297.13 Agathyrses otherwise called Pictes 13.89 Agilbeetus Byshop commeth into England 171.61 Ayre appeareth red and burning 353.29 Apre Riuar page 1310. col 2. line 40. Aiguillon beseged by the FreÌ„chmen 928.7 b. Aimouth furtifyed 1779.10 Ayde agaynst the Turkes and Infiacis 552.70 Akalon a riuer in Greece 11.37 Aldred murtherer of king Ethelbert slayne 201.68 Alrick sonne to Herbert slayne 201.74 Alured constrained by y e Danes to flie into the fennes of Somersethire 214.4 Alure taking vpon him the habite of a Mâ—…nstrell goeth into the Danish caÌ„pe 214.34 Alured setteth sodainly vppon the Danes and slayeth them 214.54 Alfred sonne to Egelredus arriueth in England with a great power to obtayne the crowne 264.15 .265.47 Alureds armie slaine by the Post nyne slayne and the .x. preserued 264.27 Alureds eyes put out 264.32 .265.98 Alured dyeth 264.34 Alureds cruell death and torments 266.7 Alfrike Archbyshop of Yorke 267.1 Alfred helpeth to expulse the Danes 269.20 Alwine or Adwine Byshop of Winchester accused of incontinencie with Queene Emma and imprisoned 269.59 Alered Archbyshop of Yorke obtaineth pardoÌ„ for Swaine 270.22 Algar sonne to Earle Leofrike 272.23 Algar made Earle of Oxford 275.6 Aldred Byshop of Worceter sent for Edward sonne to King Edmond Ironside 276.1 Algar banished the Realme 276.13 Algar ioyning himselfe to the Welchme inuadeth the Enlishe borders wyth a nauie 276.16 Algar pardoned and restored to his Earldome 276.58 Algar succedeth his father in the Earldome of Chester and Mercia 277.39 Algar accused of treason and agayne exiled the land 277. 41. Algar returneth into England with a power of men and recouereth his Earldome by force 277.50 Albania lyeth Northward beyonde Humber 16.48 Albion when this Iland first so called 5.45 .6.30 Alderman of London setteth forth a fleete 1009.19 b. Alchfled daughter to king Oswy 172.21 Alfwen daughter to Ethelfleda disinherited 222.55 Alexander King of Scotes maryeth the ladye Margaret daughter to Henry the third 727.22 Alfred succeedeth his brother Ecgfride in the kingdome of NorthuÌ„berland 185.85 Alfred an excellent Philosopher 185.95 Alferd departeth this lyfe 185. 114. Aldiminus looke Ealdbright Allerton castle made playne with the ground 445.21 Aluredes diligence in deuiding the day and night vnto seuerall purposes 218.43 Alureds last wil and the implosing of his goods to godlye purposes 218.55 Alured obteyneth a part of the kingdome of Mercia 218. 110. Aldhelme ordeyned Byshop of Shirebourne 190.10 Alrike succeedeth his brother Ethelbert in the kingdome of Kent 191.84 Alrike ouerthrowen in battaile by the Mercians 191.91 Aldwine Byshop of Lichfeild 191.99 Aldwolfe Byshop of Rochester 191.100 Aleria called Alize in Burgogne by whom builded 6.45 Alfin succeedeth Odo in y e Archbyshoprike of Canterburye and Aulafe Godfrey succede their father Sithrike in the kingdome of Northumberlande 224.55 Aulafe and Godfrey making warre vppon king Adelstane are driuen out of their countrey 224.59 Altred succeeded Molle in the kingdome of Northumberland 196.30 Altred expulsed out of his kingdome 196.31 Aldulfe sonne to Bosa slayne 196.39 Alfreda prophesieth her mother Quendreds destruction 196 9. Alfreda professeth hirselfe a Nunne 197.15 Algar falleth in loue with Friswive and would rauish her 197.55 Algar suddeinly stroken blynde 198.56 Alswold king of Northumberland 198.67 Alfreds treason against Adelstane and his death 224.13 Alfreds landes giuen to God and S. Peter 224.30 Alured or Alfrede succeedeth his brother Etheldred in the kingdome of West Saxons and ouer the more part of England 211.82 Alured sacred king at Rome by the Pope 207.28 .211 92. Alured goeth with speede forth with an armie against the Danes 212.2 Alewine sent Ambassador vnto Charles the great 195.43 Alured departeth this lyfe and is buryed at Winchester 216.104
Aluredes issue 216.106 Alured sendeth presentes to Rome by way of Deuotion 217.44 Alured sendeth presentes to the body of S. Thomas in India 217.45 Aldegate and Byshops gate assaulted by Bastard Fanconbridge page 1342. col 1. line 52. Alexander king of Scots commeth into England to Wodstock and doth homage there to Henry the third 743.17 Alwynne concubine to Kyng Cuate daughter to Alselme 262.81 Alane Ecle of Britaine created Earle of Richmonde 301.44 Alexander Byshop of Lincolne flyeth into Scotland 303.22 Alditha daughter to Earle Ormus marryed to king Aulafe 227.69 Aldredus Archbyshop of Yorke 222.48 Albion the Giant arryueth in Britaine 5.25 Alchfride sonne to Oswy 175.55 Alectus slaine and his armie discomfited by the Britaines 82.20 Aldroenus aideth the Britaines in great Britaine vpon condition 102.41 Alclud citie now decayed builded 18.15 Albion slaine by Heroul◅s in Cassia 16.14 Alfred wife to king Edgar departeth this life 232.52 Alfred daughter to Horgerius Duke of Cornewall a damsell of excellent beautie 232.57 Alfred married to Earle Ethelwold 232.83 Alfred marryed to king Edgar after the death of Ethelwold 232.94 Aldgitha Queene sent away from London to Chester 291.35 Aldred Archbyshop of Yorke submitteth himselfe to king William 291.56 Almaricus a Deacon betrayeth Canterburie to the Danes 246.7 Alda sister to Vter Pendragon marryed to Conran kyng of Scots 132.17 Alexander the .3 king of Scots doth homage to the king of England 825. lin 54. b. Albion not so called of Albina 8.70 Alnewicke castle 324.64 Allowāce for the king of Scots alwayes at his comming vnto the Englishe court 518.39 Almaine Campe a fort yelded to the Frenchmen 1696.10 Alphouse Duke of Calabre chosen knight of the garter 1440.30 Alexander Byshop of Lincolne Nephew or sonne to Roger Byshop of Salisburie committed to prison 371.65 Albericke made gouernour of Northumberland 312.47 Alstane Bishop of Sh◅reburue a wariour 203.55 Aluredes kingdome bounded 214.110 Alswaldes sonnes myserably slayne 201.34 Alsled daughter to Offa married to K. Ethelhet 201.43 Aldermen seuen dyed within .x. monethes 1837.30 Albemarle castle wonne by the Frenchmen and ruinated flat to the ground 524.47 Albert Duke of Saxon taketh Dam by sleight 1438. 10. wynneth the towne of Scluse ibidem Alfredes deede in procuring king Edwardes death in no wise excusable 237.59 Alpher eaten to death with lice 237.46 Aldemarle Wyl bastard sonne to Robert Earle of Northūberland 326.43 Aldane Giles consecrated Byshop of Saint Nynian in Scotland 352.21 Albaney William Erle of Arndell dyeth 622.5 Alaine Duke of Britaine 372.10 Albanact slayne 16.72 Charles of Alanson slaine at Cressy 934.32 b. Albemarle castle burned 468.8 Albanact third sonne to Brute 16.33 Alfonse king of Castill requyreth ayde of Henry the third against his natural brother Richard king of Almaigne 747.58 he is denyed aide as an vnreasonable request 747.60 Alured sonne to king Ethelwolfus sent to Rome 207.26 Albina none of Danaus daughters names 8.69 Algar sonne to Duke Alfrike his eyes put out 240.44 Allerton castle 436.28 Alanson beseiged and yelded to Henry the fifth page 1190. col 1. line 25. Alfrike succeedeth his father Alpher in the Dukedome of Mercia and is afterwarde bannished 238.46 Alfride Earle high Admiral of a nauie against the Danes 240.11 Alfrike turneth from his owne countrey to the Danes 240.21 Alfrikes ship taken and he himselfe reconciled to king Egelredes fauour 240.38 Alswine brother to king Ecgfride slaine 182.95 Alfredes horses wyll not go to the place where king Edward lyeth 237.17 Alfred repenteth herselfe for murthering king Edward 237.23 Alpher Duke of Mercia departeth this life 238.44 Albinus the famous Clearke wrote a booke agaynst the worshipping of Images 199.55 Alnewike Castle beseiges pag. 1315. col 1. line 23. Alchfride brother in lawe to Peda. 173.29 Archdeaconries not to be set to ferme 340.60 Aldred Archbyshop of Yorke departeth this life 300.39 Albeney William captayne of Rochester Castle 592.65 Albemarle towne besieged by the Earle of Flaunders and taken 429.21 Aldermen first chosen in the citie of London 479.53 Arsacide a wicked generation of Sarastus 781.76 Alcoch Iohn Byshop of Ely foundeth Iesus Colledge 1462.51 Alban martyred for the faith of Christ 88.2 Alfred professeth her selfe a Nunne 237.31 Album monasterium 571.41 Albert de Suma sent Legate from the Pope into England 451.83 Aluergne Earledome inuaded and wasted by king Henrie the second 410.41 Albanye allotted to Albanact now called Scotlād 16.44 Allegations made by the Frēch king Phillip to the Popes Legate concerning his ayding of the barons of England against king Iohn 598 83. Aldwyne a Monke 307.103 Alswyn a Monke 307.103 Alba Siluius the eleuēth king of Italy 17.105 Albemarle in Normandie taken by king William Rufus 321.58 Alectus sent from Rome to subdue Caransius 81.87 Alectus taketh vpō him the gouernmēt of Britaine 81.96 Alnewike besieged by the scots but in vaine 434.1 Alnewike battaile fought by the Englishmen against the Scottes 434.69 Alerium Castle deliuered to king Henry the secōd 410.6 Aldayne Byshop of Durham 241.18 Alberike Byshop of Hostia the Popes Legate in England 371.26 Alice eldest daughter to Hubert Earle of Morieune affianced to Iohn youngest sonne to king Henry the second 423.58 Alla looke Ella Aldroenus king of little Britaine 102.30 Alpher Duke of Mercia taketh part for the aduauncing of Egelredus to the crowne of England 235.48 The Duke of Albanie leuieth a power 1522.3 Aldrede Abbot of Lindesserne 219.41 Ambition and Simonie in two Monkes reproued by kyng William Rufus 321.26 Ambassadours sent from the Britaine 's into little Britaine for ayde 102.28 Ambrei nowe called Salisburie 118.36 Amphitrita wyfe to Neptune God of the seas 5.20 Ambassadours pag 1125. col 2. line 30. pag. 1131. col 1. line 15. page 1135. col 2. line 41. page 1155. col 1. line 20. Ambassadors sent by king Iohn to the Pope to shewe him of the Rebellion of the nobles 591.52 They shewe theyr message to the Pope 591. 100. and receyue answere 592.14 they returne into England 592.45 Ambassadours sent againe by king Iohn to the Pope to shewe him that the barons resist his order 592.69 Ambresburie Nunrie buylded 237.30 Ammianus Marcellinus cyted 96.94 .102.74 Amphibulus where borne 27.108 Ambassadours into Fraunce for peace 1079.30 b. Ambassadors sent into France 558.6 Ambassadours sent from Rouen to king Iohn 559.9 Ambassadours sent from kyng Iohn to the Emperour 560.35 Ambassadours into Germanie for a mariage 1023.5 b. Ambassadours from Germanie for king Richardes seconde mariage 1023.10 b. Ambassadours from the good townes in Flaunders to excuse them of van Arteneldes death 927.18 a. Ambassadours to Fraunce to moue a mariage 1087.20 b. Ambassadours of England and Fraunce meete at Balingham 1083.23 a. Ambassadours from the Pope to the blacke Prince 952.24 a. Ambassadours to Callais pag. 1265. col 1. line 57. page 1269. col 1. line 45. Ambassadours from Fraunce page 1168. col 1. line 11. page 1170. col 1. line 2. into Fraunce pag. 1170. col 1 line 30. from Fraunce pag. 1171.
left for a pray to Lewes 602.4 Norwich Citie deliuered to the king 397.20 Noe one of the Giantes 5.55 Nunnes not to be godmothers to any mans child 341.10 Nobles of England do homage to Henry sonne to king Henry the second 412.74 Nouiomagus a Citie in Britaine by whom builded 2.96 None to beare office in the Court vnlesse he were learned 218.12 Nobilitie conspire against king Henry the thyrd 630.40 Normandie inuaded by the French king 545.89 Nobilitie of England sweareth fealtie to Duke Henrye Fitzempresse 391.96 Norwich Citie assaulted and wonne by the confederates against king Henrye the second 433.59 Noble men dye 759.15 Norrham Castle 436.28 Northumbers accustomed to stirre tumultes and rebellion against theyr gouernours 219.18 Northumberland inuaded and afflicted by the Englishmē 221.70 Nobles of Poictou rebell against the Earle Richard sonne to King Henry the second 467.22 Northumbers vanquished by Offa. 194.90 Northumberland without king or gouernour 202.9 Nothelmus succeedeth Tacuinus in the Archbyshoprick of Cantorburie 193.29 Nouant Robert apprehended and committed to prison 514.90 Nouant Hugh Byshop of Couentrey pardoned by Kyng Richard the first 526.16 Nouant Robert dyeth in prison 526.21 Norwich Abbey set on fire by the Citizens and burned 782.46 Notingham towns taken and burned 435.38 Northampton 542.60 Norweygians called by the English people by the name of Danes 215.16 Northest country people called by the Englishmē by y e name of Danes 215.15 Normans vanquished and chased by the Englishmen 345 14. Normandie possessed by Rollo and his people and why so called 213.70 Northampton besieged by the Barons but to no effect 588 92. Northumberland sacked and deuided amongst the Danes 212.31 Northwales subdued by the West Saxons 204.31 Norwich Castle 390.65 Nobilitie reuolted frō Lewes to Henry the thyrde 608.26 Nusse besieged pag. 1346. co 2. lin 30. Nudigate Monke of the Chatterhouse executed 1563.50 Number of Iulius Cesars shippes at his seconde comming into Britaine 40.82 Nunnes make away their children be got out of wedlocke 190.21 Nunnes forbidden to goe on Pilgrimage 190.29 Nunnes of Amesbury displaced bycause of their incontinent liuing 447.67 Nun cousin to Inas 187.96 Number of Monkes in the Monasterie of Bangor 153 82. O. Obrin created Earle of Common 1590.10 Obeyers of the Popes or Thomas Beckets Archbyshop interdiction to be banished with their linage and theyr goods confiscate 408.104 Obseruers and defenders of the auncient customes of the elders in England accursed 409.56 Obedience to the Pope thoroughout the realme forsworne 411.2 Obrin Dunon knight created Barō of Ebranky 1590.12 Occa and Ebusa arriue in the North and settle themselues there 114.18 Octauius Duke of Gewisses appoynted gouernour of Britaine vnder Constantinus 92.86 Octauius maketh himselfe K. of Britaine 92.94 Octauian looke Octauius Octauius put to the woorse by Traherne fleeth into Norway for ayde 93.9 Octauius dyeth 92.55 Occa and Ebusa sent for to come into Britaine 114.13 Occa fleeth to Yorke and is there besieged 123.8 Occa and his Saxons appoynted to dwel in Gassowaye 123.11 Occa and Osca taken prisoners 127.49 Occa and Osca escaping out of prison make fresh warre vppon the Britaynes 128. Occa and Osca slayne in the field by the Britaynes 128.46 Occasion geuen to the English men to reuolt from Kyng Lewes and to stand to Kyng Henry the third 609.28 Ocley battel fought by the English men agaynst the Danes 206.109 Occasion of the fable of Iupiter helping Hercules from heauen 6.25 Occasion of the Normans title to the Crowne of this Realme 242.35 Octa looke Occa. Oceane spoyled 48.16 Odo banished or committed to prison for suspition of sinister dealing 312.68 and. 318.8 Odo byshoppe of Bayeux and Earle of Kent 312.73 Odo layd fast in prison in Rochester Castle by his owne confederates 320.14 Odo being depriued of al his liuings and dignities in England returneth into Normandie 320.24 Odo vsurpeth diuerse possessions belonging to the See of Canterburie 320.82 Odocer King of y e Heruli vsurpeth the gouernment of Italy 122.88 Odo sent with an army into the North to reuenge Byshoppe Walchrrs death 311.13 and. 312.10 Oddo made Earle of Deuonshyre and Somersetshire 272.27 Odo conspireth with Duke Robert agaynst Kyng William Rufus 318.28 Odo submitteth himselfe to K. William Rufus 320.9 Odo Archbyshop of Yorke 227.63 Odiham Castle resigned to Henry the third 751.58 Odo Archbyshop of Canterburie 229.27 Odo released out of prison 315 15. Odiham Castle won by Lewes 601.3 Odomare made Byshoppe of Winchester Offa sonne to Sigerius succeedeth Sighard and Seufred in the kingdome of East Saxons 190.37 Offa renounceth his kingdome goeth to Rome and is made a Monke 190.42 Offa departeth out of this world 195.68 Offeditch cast and where it runneth 195.75 Offchurch builded 195.84 Offa taketh vppon him the kingdome of Mercia 194.78 Offa alyeth him selfe with forrayne Princes 195.31 Offa and Charles the great reconciled 195.36 Offa graunteth the tenthe part of his goodes to the the Church and the poore 195.50 Offa trauayleth to Rome and graunteth Peter pence to the Pope 195.56 Offices claymed at Coronation 1119. col 2. lin 4. Officers remoued from about king Edward the thyrd 997.25 a. called agayne 997.28 b. Officers made 1119. col 1. lin 19. pag. 1155. col 2. lin 31. Officers appoynted in Scotland 823.19 a. Officers remoued 847.40 a. Office of an Harrault pag. 1346. col 2. lin 56. Offeld Manour burnt 779.41 Offa sonne to Saxnot 131.37 Offers made to the Emperour Henrie the sixt to keepe king Richard the fyrst longer in prison 514.39 Officers changed 913.10 a. Ogersian Gilbert a knight templer punished for his falshoode 469.66 Oglethorp Byshop of Carleile crowneth Queene Elizabeth 1776.36 Olavus king of Swedeners looke Aulafe Olavus sonne to king Harold Harfager of Norway 285.8 Oliphant sent to Henry the thyrd 739.31 Oneon executed for denying the kings supremacie 1574.32 One soweth and another reapeth 349.107 Oueile Shane rebelleth is tamed and slayne 1837.58 One brother helpeth another 226 4 Onichelinus looke Rechelinus Ouan 194.65 Opinions sundry of the building of Saint Paules Church in London 150.57 Opinions concerning the first inhabiting of Britayne 4.70 Oration of William Earle of Pembroke before the Nobilitie 608.42 Ordinances for Forrestes appoynted 536.60 Oxford Castle surrendred to king Lewes 610.35 Order of a Coronation 475.92 Ordinances made against robberies 732.8 Ordouices where they inhabited 18.87 and 55.35 Ordering of Abbeys and Monasteries in olde tymes 193.21 Order of succession in the Pictish kingdome 67.58 Ordouices inuaded and slayne 68 80. Ordinances for Armour to be had in pruate mens houses 454.1 and. 455.34 Orange Prince commeth into England 1762.46 Oration of king Richard the thyrd pag. 1417. col 2. lin 40. Oration of Henry Earle of Richmond pag. 1419. col 1. lin 41. Oration of the Duke of Buckingham pag. 1380. col 2. lin 32. Order of the British fighting in Charrets 37.105 Oration made by Hubert archbyshop of Cantorbury 544.19 Ormus an Earle 227.69 Order of Fryers newe deuised called sacked Fryers 745.52 Original and
escapeth from the battaile of Lewes 770.88 S. Seuces takē 813.10 a Scots and Picts sore disquiet the Romaine subiects in Britaine 95.17 Scottes and Pictes vanquished by the Saxons 112.22 Scena son to Androgeus Erle of London 43.80 Scot Iohn Earle of Chester poysoned to death by his wife 650.20 Schollers of oxforde withdraw to Northamptō to studie 766.67 fight against King Henrye the third 766.69 Scottes vanquished and put to flight by Erle Siward 275.58 Scottes sommoned to appeare at Yorke 832.32 a Sroope Archbyshoppe of Yorke deuised articles againste Henry the .iiij. page 1137. col 1. line 4.1 Scottes inuade the English borders page 1188. colum 2. line 28. resisted line 30 Scottishe title discussed 800.47 a Scottish nobilitie sweare fealtie to the Kyng of England 803.40 a Scotlād spoyled 899.30 a Scotlande inuaded by the Duke of Lācaster 1046.7 b Scots conclude a league with the French 815.39 a Scholemaster of Paules page 1375. col 1. line 3 Geffrey Scrope Iustice dyeth 915.11 b Scots inuade Englande and besiege Careleile 818.26 a. enter Englād agayne 819.27 b. seeke for peace 827.25 a Richarde Scrope put frō the office of Chancellor 1040.1 a Scottish Lordes submitte them to King Edwarde the third 898.27 b Scottes spoyle the North parties 870.6 b Scurfa a Danishe Earle slayne 220.64 Scelton Richard a Tayler counsellor to Perkin Warbecke 1449.58 Scots spoyle the Northe Countrey 1022.2 a Scotte William 1447. line 20 Salerne Prince with others commeth to see his Maiestie 1579.54 Scrope Thomas alias Radley 1462.22 William Scrope created Erle of Wiltshire 1097.30 b. fleeth to Bristowe 1105.12 b. beheaded 1106 14. b. Scottes spoyle Cumberland 1049.16 b. Scottishe Kyng sendeth Ambassadors to Kyng Iohn 545.60 Scory Doctor Bishop of Hereford 1803.9 Scots ayde the Britaines against the Saxons 120. line 10 The Scriptures translated into English by Tindall Ioy and other forbidden 1555.1 Scottes brenne in Northumberland page 1132. colom 1. line 18. ouerthrowen page 1135. col 1. line 10.49 Scottes Picts and Saxons inuade the Romane prouince in Britaine 106.60 Scottes inuade England 853.40 b. 854.48 a. 858.4 b. 890.20 a. Scotlande spoyled by the Englishmen 1047.50 a. Scots make dayly reifes and inuasions into England 368.15 Scottish King renounceth his homage 819.10 b A Schoole foūded at Bedford 1816.30 Schoole-built by the company of the Merchaunt Taylers 1814.50 Schoole erected at Cambridge 30.93 Scotlande resigned into King Edward the thirds hands 955.6 a Scottes inuade England page 1291. col 1. line 1 Scots giue their daughters in marriage to the Pictes vpon condition 67.57 Scotland inuaded by the Romaines 69.87 Scottes inhabiting the furthermost parte of Scotlande discouered by the Romaines 70.10 Scottes and Pictes driuen out of Britaine by the aid of the Romaines 100.6 Scots and Picts breake downe the wall and enter again into Britaine 100.20 Scots and Picts returne into Britaine by sea and inhabite the North parts of the I le 100.72 Scottes and Picts enter vpon the Britaines and chase them out of theyr Townes 101.6 Scottes and Picts when firste they came to inhabite Britaine 102.15 Scotland interdited 855.21 a. Dauid King of Scottes inuadeth England 939.37 a. taken 940.3 a. Scottish Kings subiecte to the Kings of England 222.62 Scottes subdued by Sea and land by Kyng Adelstane 225.69 Scottes take an othe to bee true vnto King Edredus 229 45 Scottes submit thēselues and do homage to King Arthur 133.52 Scottishe King sendeth Ambassadors into Normandye to King Iohn 542.95 Scottes sue earnestly to the Englishmenne for peace and obteyne it 37.43 Scottes subdued by King Adelstane 225.21 Scottes acknowledge to holde their Kyngdome of the King of England 225.27 Scottes get parte of the English confines within Cumberlande 225.33 Scottishe Kyng came to Kyng Iohn to Lincolne and there did homage 550.5 Scottes inuade the English Frōtiers 1046.36 b Scarborrough Castel deliuered to the King 396. line 27 Scottes inuade the Englishe marckes with an armye vnto Careleile 366.67 Scots inuade the North partes of England with an army 306.114 Scottishe Kings to do homage to the King of England for the Realme of Scotland 307.62 Scottish King refuseth to come to Kyng Iohn 545.80 Scots inuade Englande and are repulsed wyth losse of their owne dominions 396.80 Scottish K. Alexander cōpoundeth for peace with K. Iohn 568.30 and deliuereth .ij. of his daughters for hostage 568.31 Scottishe Ambassadoures not suffered to passe thorough England to king Iohn into Normandye 543.5 Scottishe King promiseth to doe homage to Kyng Iohn 542.103 Scottish King offereth his seruice to Kyng Iohn 543.1 Scottishe K. requireth restitution of Northumberlande and Cumberland 542.98 Scorastan battaile fought by the Danes against the Englishmen 251.87 Scottishe King returneth home 550.30 Scottes inuade Northūberland with an armye 322.24 Scottes sue for peace and retire 322.32 Scottes vtterly discomfited slayne or taken by the Englishmen 324. line 69 Scottes moue warre and are brought to obediēce by the Englishmen 261. line 64 Scottishe King doeth homage to Henrye eldest sonne to King Henry the second 401.78 Sceorstan battaile fought betweene the Englishmen and Danes wyth equall victorie 254.41 Scottes eftsoone inuade Northumberlande 369. line 41 Scotttes discomfited and put to flight 370.44 Scots breake truce with the Englishmen 310.77 Scotney Walter arraigned and cōdemned 754.20 hee is executed at Winchester 754.34 Scottish Churche in Ireland disagreeth in some pointes from the Romaine Church 156.1 Scottish K. Alexander goeth through Englande to the siege of Douer and there did homage to Lewes 603.25 Scots beaten downe and put to flighte by the Englishmen at Alnewike 434.72 Scotus Iohn murthered by his Schollers in the Abbey of Malmesburie 218.34 Scottes repulsed out of Northumberlande and from the siege of Careleile 428.3 Scottishe kings to doe homage and fealtie to the kings of England being necessarily therevnto required 440.41 Scottish Bishops renoūce their obedience to the Churche of Englande 443.9 Scottes sende aide to the Britaine 's againste the Romaines 39.36 Scottes not once named by the auntient Romane writers 59.36 Scots from whence they came into Britaine 108. line 25 Scots and Picts inuade Britaine and wast the Countrey 111.27 Lamberte Semnell counterfet Erle of Warwike is receyued with greate honour in Ireland 1428.40 is proclaymed King 1430.40 is taken prisoner and made firste a tourne broach and then a Fawkener 1431.22 Secular Priestes smally regarded 234.29 Secular Priestes make complaint of the wrong done vnto them 235.86 Secular priestes constreyned to auoyd their Colledges and leaue them to Monkes Nunnes 234.31 Secular priests with their wiues brought into Monasteries 235.100 Secular Priests sute dasshed by the counsell of Winchester 236.9 Seymer Edwarde made Knyghte 1526.40 is created Viscunt Beauchamp 1561.55 is created Earle of Hertford 1571.4 made Lieutenāunte of the Northe partes 1592.10 entreth Scotlande wyth an armye committyng greate wast eadem 50. hys honorable iourney in Bolognois 1599.33 entring Scotland with a power destroyeth all the townes in the middell Marches 1602.37 eftsoones inuadeth Scotlande burnyng a greate parte
endeth his lyfe in grieuous tormentes 249 30. Swanus besiegeth LoÌ„doÌ„ and is repulsed 247.96 Swale riuer 162.13 Swineshed Abbey in Lincolnshire 605.41 T. TAle how king Alureds body walked a nights after his death 218.82 Tale how king Kenelmes death was signified at Rome 205.55 Tacuinus ordeyned Archbishop of Canterburie 191.103 Tacuinus Archb. of Canterburie dieth 193.27 Thomas Talbot 396.58 a Tancrede concludeth an affinitie and league with King Richarde the first 488.150 Taluan Earle of Sagium deliuereth certaine Castels to King Henrie the seconde 410.3 Tailbourgh fortresse subdued 4â—…3 90 Tale of a knightes dreame that wore a long heare â—…64 72 Tame foules flie too the woods and become wild 314.30 Tailleux william a Chronicler of Normandie cyted 293.60 Tale of a King giuen too Saint Edwarde by a Pilgrim that came from Ierusalem 279.89 Talbot william defendeth Hereforde in the ryght of Mawd the Empres. 368.74 Tale of King Arthure conueyed awaye by Fairies 136.20 Tale of a Calfe restored to lyfe by Saint Germaine 122.43 Tallages and vniust impostes layde downe 319. 41. Tankeruile william chaÌ„berleyne and Lieutenant to King Henrie the first 359.70 Tables Dice and Cardes forbidden 466.28 Taurus nephew too Hanniball 15.3 Tay riuer 69.88 Tarapha cited 1.97 Tancred elected King of Sicill 480.104 Talbot George Earle of Shrewesburie and hys sonne Lord Straunge at Stoke field 1430.14 Talbot Gilbert Knight sent intoo Flaunders 143â—… 4â—… Tallages of Bridges and Streetes betwene Englande and Rome dimmished 262.5 Tale howe Dunstan sawe the diuell 228.90 Tale howe Swanus was slaine with Saint Edmonds knife 249.87 Tamer riuer 241.42 Tate or Tace looke Ethelburga Tamer Riuer a confine betweene the Englishmen and Cornishmen 226.103 Tankeruile yeelded to the Lorde Talbot pag. 1262. col 1. lin 34. Tamworth towne 1416.57 Talbot George Earle of Shrewesburie and Lord stewarde of housholde to Henrie the eigth 1464.5 Talbot George Earle of Shrewsburie captaine of the foreward in the wing to Turwin 1478.36 Talbot Humfrey knight Marshall of Calais sent into Flaunders 1435.50 Talbot George Earle of Shrewsbury his faithful diligence in the tyme of the rebellion in the north 1567.50 Talbot George Earle of Shrewsburie Lieutenaunt Generall of the north partes 1522.52 Talbot Gylbert Knight Ambassador to the Pope 1461.19 Tankeruile wonne by Edwarde Dudley 1821.30 recouered by the Reingraue 1821.18 Table of golde 850.20 a Taxe of the Spiritualtie 799 20. b. 828. a 810.20 a Tax leuied of the thirtenth part of euery maÌ„s goods in Englande by King Iohn 564.13 Earle of Tankeruile taken prisoner at Caen. 930 55. a. Tale how the diuel laughed at Dunstanes banishment 230.100 Tame Robert Knight 1450.14 Tadcaster a town .1820.40 Tenants not to bee troubled for their Lords debt 451.26 Tempest great 1821.47 Tempestes and much hurt thereby 1839 Tearme of Trinitie adiourned by reason of the warres 1601.40 Tempest of weather at the battaile of Cressy 933 24 b. Tenham spoiled by the erle of Albemarle 618.40 Templers sent from Pandolfe the Popes Legate in Fraunce too King Iohn 574.83 Temple of peace nowe Blackwell hall in London builded 23.16 Tacitus cited 4.77 and 51.26 and. 52.58 and. 69 14. Tempest most straunge at London 633.97 Tenth part of all spirituall liuing graunted too the Pope 628.35 Tempest sore vpon Christmasse day the lyke hath not beene hearde of 421.9 Temples builded in Brytain by Cunedagius â—â— 40 Temple of Claudius and Victoria builded 54.45 Tempeste in Brytayne hurtyng the Romaines 37.29 Terre filius howe to bee vnderstoode 6 9â—… Temples dedicated too Idolles conuerted too the seruice of almightie God 91.88 Tempest 1833.26 and 1834.13 Tempest of thunder and lightnings 726.9 Teuide riuer 55.63 Tempest 556 2â—… Tertullian cited 53.28 Temnesford castell builded and destroyed 222.85 Tearmes ordeyned to bee kept foure tymes in a yeare 303.40 Tenth of all moueabl-e goodes to bee payed towardes the iourney into the holye lande 466.8 and. 481.8 Tempests 1076.1 b. 1084.35 a. Tempest of wind 2088.51 a Tenchard Thomas knight causeth the Archduke to stay 1459.17 Terrouan besieged and won 937.43 b Tenantius looke Theomantius Theis riuer 219. â—…6 Tedder Iasper Earle of Pembroke created duke of Bedford 1426.33 vncle to K. Henrie the .vij. ibid. sent with a power to represse the insurrection of the Lord Louell and others 1427 4â—… the which hee doth with effect 1428.10 sent with a power against the counterfeit Erle of warwike 1430. discoÌ„fiteth the army of the counterfeyte 1431.30 TeÌ„plers apprehended 448 32. a. their lands giuen to the hospitalere 874.26 a Terme Michaelmasse adiourned to y e sixth of Nouember 1870.37 Tirrell walter escapeth away by flight 334.48 Terme Michaelmas none kept 1873.50 Hillarie terme kept at Hertfort castell 1834.26 Tempest horrible 1773.43 Tempest 1835.50 1835. 54. and. 1868.42 1870. 58. and. 1872.47 Terme Michaelmasse not kept 1839.12 Terme begon at Oxford adiorned to west 1504.20 Tempest of weather 794.1 b. 797.56 a. 848.28 a TeÌ„pest of winds 89â—… 16 b Tearme adiourned to saint Albons 1591.18 Terwin rased 1485.28 Terme adiourned 1536.17 Tenerchbray Castel besieged 345. â—…3 Tempest Nicholas put to death 1570.12 Tempest of winde and ram doing exceding much hurt 743.6 Tenth payed 825.23 b. 810.8 b Tenour of the profession which the Archbishop of Yorke maketh too the Archbishop of Canterburie 350.72 Tempest of horrible thunder and lightning in winter 365.18 Tesra williaÌ„ prohibited to gather money 844.43 a Teukesburie 1337.52 field 1338.30 Teeth fewer than afore time 945.13 b Terme kept at Yorke sixe yeares 840.12 a Tirrel Iames Knight Capitaine of Guisnes sent into Flanders 1435 47. Title pretended to y e crown of Englande by Lewes the French kings sonne 599.30 Tides two at London in one houre 1870.40 Tirell Iames knight attainted beheded 1457.40 Tindall william burned 1764.26 his byrth and workes ibid. Tinmouth 325.12 Tinmouth Castell taken by King william Rufus 326.5 Tillage coÌ„manded 1500.1 Tileburg vpon Thames 174.46 Tickhill Castell fortified agaynst king Henrie the first 339.62 Title too the Crowne of Fraunce 905.50 b Titus Emperor of Rome dieth 73.44 Tithings and hundreds first deuised in England and why 217 Tileres Gilbert owner of Danuile Castel 428.88 Tineas king of Babilon 15.39 Triphon slain by Hercules in Egypt 5.106 Tâ—…o Vulfingacester 162.77 Timagines first bringeth the Greke letters froÌ„ the Druides to Athens 3.80 Tiler wat slain 1029.1 a TinninghaÌ„ burnt 227.73 Titus Liuius cited 27.70 Prior of Tiptre thronged to death 1090.30 a Tilâ—…ey Abbey founded 394.25 Tithes too bee payed too Churches in Irelande 420.108 Tirrell walter a Frenche knight sleaeth K. williaÌ„ with an arrow 334.39 Tine riuer 140.8 Tine riuer 76.50 Tine riuer 302.61 Tinemouth 202.45 Theobald Earle of Charters maketh warres vpoÌ„ Haruie de yuon 411.60 Theobald Earle of Bloys maketh attonement betwene the kings of England France 412.107 Thunder and lightning continuing xv dayes 641.113 Theadford towne 230.9 Three things to bee foreseene by them that shall giue battaile 375.70 Thames frozen so that meÌ„ passe ouer on foote and horsebacke 383.105 Three
knightes templers receyued and enterteyned by King Henrie the seconde 401.23 Theobalde Archbishop of Canterburie for feare of King Stephen and his son fleeth the realme 386.3 Thorney Abbey establyshed 234.9 Thomas depriued of hys Archbishoprike and why 30â—… 29 Theodore ordeyned Archbishop of Canterburie 178 35. Thamar an Englishman ordeined Bishop of Rochester 170.36 Three knightes templers banished France for deliuering vp certaine castels to king Henrye the second 401.22 Theft punished 23.65 Theophilus cited 2.10 and 4.70 Thanes that is to say gentlemen of honor 272.76 Theomantius yongest son to Lud created king of Britaine 45.90 Theodora daughter in law to Herculeus Maximianus maryed to Constantius 89.30 Theobald Erle of Champaigne maketh war vpon the Frenchmen 354.108 Theodosius the Emperour fleath Maximanus in Italie 96.14 Theodosius sent into Britayne wyth an armye 103.110 Theodosius putteth the enimies to flight and restoreth the land of Brytain to quietnesse 104.37 Theodosius returneth out of Brytaine to the Emperours Court 105.79 Theodosius made maister of the horse 105.82 Theodosius called to be associate with Gracianus in the Empire 105. â—…3 Thomas Chaplayne too King Henrie the first made Archbishoppe of Yorke â—…48 12 Thomas refuseth to come too Canterburie too bee consecrated 348.65 Thomas suspended from exercising all pastorall function 348.52 Thom. son to Samson Bi. of worceter 350.21 Thrustain succeedeth Th. in the Archbishoprike of Yorke 352.9 Thrustain contendeth with Raufe Archbishoppe of Canterburie aboute the right and title of the Primacie 352.12 Thom. consecrated Archb. of Yorke 350.65 Thomas receyueth the pal at Yorke 350.101 Thunnir a cruell murtherer in Kent 180.102 Thomas Archb. of yorke departeth out of this traÌ„sitorie life 341.115 Three Monks come to restore religion in NorthuÌ„berland 307.95 Thomas Archbishoppe of Yorke 336.55 Thomas Chanon of Bayeux made Archbishop of Yorke 305.11 Theodoretus cited 53.21 and. 90.48 Theis riuer 128.65 Thurstane Abbot of Glastenburie 313.1 Thurstane depriued for his great disorder 313.25 Thurstane restored againe by king Rufus for money 313.33 Thanks giuen publikely at Rome for the reconciliatioÌ„ of the English Churche vntoo the Churche of Rome 1â—…6â—… 1 Theobald Archb. of Canterburie departeth ouer sea without licence of the king 382 1â—… Theobald Archb. constrayned by the king to depart the realme 382 Thirlbie Bishop of Elie sent Ambassador vntoo Rome 1763.40 Three horses slaine vnder duke william of NormaÌ„die in the battaile at Hasting 287.28 Thomas succeedeth Felix in the Bishoprike of the Eastangles 171.45 Thomas B. of the Eastangles dieth 172.47 Thrustane created Archebishoppe by the Popes owne handes 355 9â—… Thrustane restored vntoo his Archbishoprike vpon condition 358.44 Tholous countrey spoyled by king Henrie the second 199.33 Theeues vtterly abolished 162.86 Theodore Archb. of Canterburie dieth 187.26 Theobalde Archbishop of Canterburie departeth this life 401.27 Three circles seene aboute the Sunne 402.14 Theis riuer 518.31 Thom. son to K. Edwarde the third borne 949.22 a Theodorus Erle of Flanders going to Ierusalem coÌ„mitteth his son lands to the custodie of Henrie the second king of Englande 397. â—…5 Thom. a Bourgh knight 1321.56.1329.16 Thomas Dimocke knight tooke Sanctuarie 1322. 7. beheaded col 2.6 Thomas de Laund knight taken 1322.38 Thomas Lorde Stanley 1222.54 Thomas Coniers recorder of Yorke 1328.48 Thames ouerfloweth by meanes of great raine doth much harme within the citie of LoÌ„doÌ„ 780.46 Tholous erledom engaged and forfeited to Reimond erle of S. Giles 398.77 Tholous Earledome giuen in dowery with Constance to Eustace sonne to king Stephen 398.96 Thetforde taken by the Danes 211.20 Thamworth town 222.37 Theodbaldus brother too Egelfred slaine 153.44 Thurst william Abbot of Fountaines put to death 1â—…76 13 Thorsbye Iohn made Archb. of Yorke 944.1 a Tilwall towne builded 222.75 Three hundred Markes yearely too bee sent too Rome 207.55 Thomas Mountgomerie knight pa. 13â—…9 co 1. li. 17 Thomas Courtney Earle of Deuonshire pag. 133â—… co 2. lin 38. slain pa. 1339 col 2. lin â—…4 Theisedale wasted by the Scottes â—…06 115 Thomas Triuet knight slaine with a fall 1074. 44. a. Thames so lowe that men might wade through LoÌ„don bridge 353.24 Thunder bolt lighteth betwene the kings of England and France as they be talking 471.11 ThrockmortoÌ„ executed for treason 1766. â—… Thankes giuen publikely to God for the battail of Stoke 1431.45 and for the victorie of the King of Spaine gotten of the Sarasins 1438.30 Thanes toroughly 〈◊〉 out of the Realme of Englande 316. â—â— Thomas Neuill Knight Lord Furniual pa. 1119 col 2. lin 56. Thom. Erpingham knight Lord great chamberlain pa. 1119. col 2. lin 34. Thomas Dimocke champion at Coronation pag. 1120. col 1. lin 44. Thomas Percie Earle of worcester pag. 11â—…5 col 2. li. 34. sent into Gascoin pag. 1130. col 2. lin 52. Thomas Gray knight pa. 1125. col 2. lin 43. Thomas Mowbrey duke of Norffolk died at Venice pa. 1125. co 2. lin 53 Thomas Holland Erle of Kent beheaded at Circiter pag. 1128. col 2. li. 33 Thomas Rainston knight taken by French pa. 1152 col 1. lin 43. drowned pag. ibid. col 2. lin 55. Thomas Beauchamp erle of warwike pag. 1119. col 2. lin 43. Thomas erle of Arundell pag. 1120. col 1. lin 2â—… The Tressham knight beheaded pa. 1340. co 2. li. 21 Thom. Oâ—…uill bastarde son to Th. lord FaucoÌ„bridge bringeth an armye before LoÌ„doÌ„ pa. 1341. col 1. li. 47. Thomas Rotheram archbishop of York pag. â—â—45 col 1. lin 54. Thomas Vaughan knight beheaded at Pomfroc pa. 1362. col 1. lin 36. Tho. lord Stanley wounded pa. 1375. col 1. lin â—â— Thom. Cooke Aldeâ—â—â— pag. 1381. col 1. lin 21. Thomas Fitz william recorder of London pag. 1383. col 1. lin 14. Thomas Lorde Marques Dorset the Neâ—â— son pag. 1358 col 2. lin 4â—… Thom. lord Haward created duke of Norffolke pa. 1â—â—â— col 1 lin â—…4 Tho. Haward knight created Erle of Surrey pag. 1386. co 2. lin â—…5 pa. 1415 co 2. li. 27. p. 147. c â—â—â— 1415 Thomas Lorde Stanley pag. 1411. col 2. lin â—… pa. 141â—… col 1. lin 42. Thom. Seâ—â—eger knight maryed the Dutches of Exeter executed pag. 1405. col 2. lin 5. Thomas Ram executed at Exceter pag. 1405. col 2 lin 7. Tho. Rotheram Archb. of Yorke pag. 1387. co 1. li. 7 pag. 1410. col 2. lin 48 Thomas Marques Dorset 1401 col 2. li. 43. pag. 1402. col 2. li. 18. pa. 1410 co 1. li. 36. pag. 14012. co 2 li. 39 p. 1413. co 1. li 22 Thomas Louell knight pag. 1401. col 2. lin 40. Thomas Southwel priest 1262. co 1. li. 55. co 2. li. 14 Thomas Kitiel knight pa. 1276. col 1. lin 23. beheaded pa. 135. col 2. lin 4. Tho. Burselier Archdi of Cant. pa. 1290 col 2. lin 4 Thom. Thorpe lord chiefe baron pa. 1288. col 1. li. 27 committed too the tower 1300. col 1. li. 26. beheaded pag. 1305. Th. Neuil knight pa. 1292 col 2. lin 31. wounded and appreheÌ„ded 1295. co 2. li. 58
was made Gouernour there till the Kyng hadde restored the Citizens to theyr auncient liberties This commotion was begonne for certayne newe exactions whyche the Pryour claymed and tooke of the Citizens Indirect meanes sought to reforme vvrongs contrarye to theyr auncient freedome But thys was not the way to come to their right and therefore they were worthily corrected Whylest the warres ceassed by occasion of the truce An. reg 25. the myndes of men were not so quiet but that such as were bent to malicious reuenge soughte to compasse their prepensed purpose 〈◊〉 agaynst forreyn foes and enemies of their countrey but againste their owne countrey menne and those that hadde deserued verye well of the common wealthe and this specially for lacke of stoutnesse in the Kyng who by his authoritie myghte haue ruled bothe partes The descriâ—… of Kyng Henry the â—…e and ordered all differences betwixte them as might haue stande wyth Reason but where as hee was of suche pacience and integritie of lyfe as nothing seemed to hym woorthie to be regarded but that apperteyned vnto Heauenly matters and health of hys soule the sauyng whereof hee esteemed to bee the greatest wysedome and the losse therof the extremest folly that might be The Queene contrary wyse was a woman of a greate witte and no lesse courage Description of the Queene desyrous of honoure and furnyshed wyth the giftes of reason policye and wysedome but yet to shew hir selfe not altogether a man but in some one poynte a verie woman oftentymes when she was vehemente and fully bente on a matter she was sodeynly lyke a Weathercocke mutable and tournyng Thys woman disdaynyng that hir husband should be ruled rather than rule could not abyde that the Duke of Gloucester shoulde do all thinges concernyng the order of weyghtye affayres least it myghte bee sayde that she had neyther wytte nor stomacke whyche woulde permitte and suffer hir husbande beeyng of perfecte age lyke a young pupill to bee gouerned by the disposition of an other manne Althoughe thys toye entred fyrste into hir brayne thorough hir owne imagination yet was shee pricked forwarde to reforme the matter both by suche of hir husbandes counsell as of long tyme had borne malice to the Duke for his playnenesse vsed in declaryng theyr vntrouth as partely yee haue hearde and also by the aduertisement giuen to hir from Kyng Reygner hir father aduysyng hir that shee and hir husbande shoulde in anye wyse take vppon them the rule and gouernance of the Realme and not to bee kepte vnder as wardes and desolate Orphanes What needeth many wordes The Queene taketh vppon hir the gouernment and dischardgeth the Duke of Gloucester the Queene persuaded by these meanes firste of all excluded the Duke of Gloucester from all rule and gouernaunce not prohibiting suche as shee knewe to bee hys mortall foes to inuente and imagine causes and griefes agaynst hym and hys in so much that by hir procurement diuers noble men coÌ„spired against him of the which diuers writers affirme the Marques of Suffolk and the duke of Buck. to be the chief not vnprocured by y e Cardinall of Winchest the Archbishop of Yorke Dyuers Articles were layde agaynste hym in open counsel and in especially one that he had caused menne adiudged to dye to bee put to other execution than the lawe of the land assigned for surely the duke being very wel learned in the lawe ciuill detesting malefactors punishing offences gat greate malice and hatred of suche as feared condigne rewarde for their wicked dooings Althoughe the duke sufficiently aunswered to all things against him obiected yet bicause his death was determined his wisdome little helped nor his innocencie nothing auailed But to auoyde the daunger of some tumulte that might be reysed if a Prince so well beloued of the people shuld be openly executed they determined to worke their feats and bring him to destruction ere he shuld haue ani knowledge or warning thereof So for the furtherance of their purpose 1447 A parliament 〈◊〉 Edâ—…desbury a parliament was summoned to be kepte at Berry wheather resorted all the peeres of the realme and amongst them the duke of Glocester which on the second day of the session was by the lorde Beaumond then high conestable of England acompanied with the duke of Buckingham and others arrested apprehended and put in warde and all his seruauntes sequestred from him and .xxxij. of the chief of his retinew wer sent to diuers prisons to the greate admiratioÌ„ of the people The duke the night after he was thus committed to prison The Duke of Gloucester soâ—…ly â—…rtheâ—…ed beeing the .xxiiij. of February was founde deade in his bedde and his body shewed to the lordes and commons as though hee had dyed of a palsey or of an impostume but all indifferent persons as saithe Hall well knewe that hee dyed of some violent deathe some iudged him to be strangled some affirme that an hotte spit was put in at his fundement other write that he was smouldered betwene .ij. fetherbeds and some haue affirmed that hee dyed of verye griefe for that he might not come openly to his answere His deade corps was conueied to S. Albons and there buried After his death none of his seruaÌ„ts suffred although â—…ue of them to wit sir Roger ChaÌ„berlain knight Middleâ—…on Herbert Arteise esquiers and Richard NedhaÌ„ gentleman were arreigned condempned and drawen to Tiborne where they were hanged let downe quick striped to haue bin bowelled and quartered but the Marques of Suffolke coÌ„ming at that instant brought their pardons shewed the same openlye and so theyr lyues were saued Dukes of Glocester vnforâ—… Some thinke that the name and title of Gloucester hathe bene vnluckye to diuerse whiche for their honoures haue bene erected by creation of princes to that stile and dignitie as Hughe Spenser Thomas of Woodstocke son to Kyng Edwarde the thirde and this Duke Humfrey Whiche .iij. persons by miserable deathe â—…ished their dayes and after them king Richarde the thirde also Duke of Gloucester in ciuill war was slaine and brought to death so that this name of Gloucester is taken for an vnhappy stile as the prouerbe speaketh of Seians horse whose rider was euer vnhorsed and whose possessor was euer brought to misery But surely by the vnworthy deathe of this noble Duke and politike gouernor the publike wealthe of the Realme of Englande came to greate ruyne as by the sequele of this pamphlet may more at lardge appeare There is an olde said saw that a man intendyng to auoyde the smoke falleth into the fyre So heree the Queene mindyng to preserue hir husbande in honoure and hirselfe in auctority consented to the deathe of this noble man whose only deathe brought that to passe whyche shee hadde moste cause to haue feared whyche was the deposing of hyr husbande the decay of the house of Lancaster whyche of likelyhâ—… hadde not chaunced if this Duke hadde liued for then durste not the
Duke of Yorke haue attempted to set forthe his title to the Crowne as hee afterwardes didde to the greate disquieting of the Realme and destruction of Kyng Henry and of many other noble men beside This is the opinion of menne but gods iudgementes are vnsearcheable against whose decree and ordinaunce preuaileth no humaine counsaile But to conclude with this noble Duke he was no doubt a right mirrour of an vpright and politike gouernour bending all his endeuoures to the aduauncement of the common wealth no lesse louing to the poore commons than beloued of them again Learned he was and wise full of curtesie and voide of all pride and ambition a vertue rare in personages of suche high estate albeit where the same chaunceth most commendable But sithe the praise of this noble man deserueth a large discourse and meete for suche as haue cunning howe to handle the same I referre the readers vnto Maister Fores booke of Actes and Monumentes fyrste Volume Page 833. In this sixe and twentieth yere of the raign of this King An. reg 26. but in the firste of the rule of the Queene I finde nothing done worthye of rehearsall within the Realme of Englande but that the Marques of Suffolke by greate 〈◊〉 of the Kyng and more desire of the Queene was erected to the title and name of Duke of Suffolke whiche dignitie hee shorte time inioyed for Richard duke of Yorke being greatly alyed by hys wife to the chiefe Peeres and Potentates of the Realâ—…e ouer and beside hys own progeny perceiuing the king to be a ruler not ruling and the whole burthen of the realm to reste in the ordinaunces of the Queene and the Duke of Suffolke began secretly to allure his friendes of the Nobilitie and priuily declared vnto them hys tytle and ryghte to the crowne and likewise didde he to certaine wise and sage gouernours and rulers of diuers Cities and Townes whych priuy attempt was so pollitickely handled and so secretly kepte that his prouision was ready before his purpose was openly published and his friendes opened themselues ere the contrary parte coulde them espie for in conclusion time reueled truthe and olde hidde hatred soddainely sprong out as yee maye hereafter both learne and heare During these doings Henry Beauford Bishop of Winchester 1448 and called the riche Cardinall departed out of this worlde and was buried at Winchester The deathe of the Bishoppe of â—…Vinchester â—…s description This man was sonne to Iohn Duke of Lancaster deseâ—…ded of an honourable linnage but borne in baste more noble in bloud than notable in learning hault of stomacke and highe of countenaunce riche aboue measure but not very liberall dysdainfull to his kinne and dreadefull to hys louers preferring money before friendeshippe manye things beginning and fewe performing hys couetous insaciabilitie and hope of long lyfe made hym bothe to forgette God his Prince and hymselfe of the getting of his goodes both by power Legantine and spirituall bribery I will not speake but the keeping of them for his ambitious purpose was bothe greate losse to hys naturall Prince and natiue countrey for hys hydden riches might haue well holpen the King and his secret treasure might haue relieued the communaltie when money was seâ—…nte and importunate chardges were dayly immenent An. reg 27. After the deathe of this Prelate the affaires in Fraunce were neither well looked to nor the gouernors of the countrey wel aduised Sir Frauncis Suriennes for an english capitain called sir FraÌ„cis Suriennes surnamed the Aregonois of the countrey wher he was borne a man for his wit and actiuitie admitted into the order of the Garter tooke by skaling soddainely in the nyght of the euen of our Lady day in Lent Fongieres a Town on the Fronters of Normandy belonging to the Duke of Britaine called Fougiers spoylyng the same and killing the inhabitantes The Duke of Britaigne beeing hereof aduertised sent worde by the bishop of Remines to the Frenche Kyng beseching him of his aid and counsaile in the matter The French King foorthwith sent his â—…uer Iohn Hauart and Iohn Cosinet one of the Maisters of his requestes to the King of Englande and to the Duke of Somerset he dispatched Peter de Fontaines the Maister of his horse to the whiche messengers aunswere was made aswell by the Kyng as the duke that the fact was done without their knowledge And for the truce to be kepte and not onely restitution but also amends to be made to the Duke of Britayne a daye of dyet was appoynted to be kepte at Louniers where the commissioners on both partes being assembled the frenchmen demaunded amendes wyth no small recompence The Englishemen aunswered that without offence nothing by Iustice ought to be satisfied affirming the doing of Sir Frauncis Sureinnes to be only his act without consent eyther of the Kyng of Englande or of the Duke of Somerset hys lieuetenaunt and Regent But whiles wyth long delay they talked of this matter at Louniers certain Frenchmen by aduertisement of a wagoner of Louniers Pont de Larcâ—… taken by the Frenchmen by a subeâ—… 〈◊〉 vnderstaÌ„ding that the town of Pont de Larche was but slenderly manned The wagoner laded his wagon and passed forward hauing in his companye twoo strong Varlettes clad like Carpenters wyth greate axes on their shoulders and hereto le Seigneur de Breze wyth a chosen company of men of armes lodged himselfe in a bushement neare to the gate of Saint Andrewe and Capitayne Floquet accompanied wyth sir Iames de Cleremont and another greate companye priuily lurked vnder a woode towarde Louniers When all things were appointed for the purpose earely one morning about the beginning of the moneth of October deuised to take the same town on this maner The wagoner came to the gate and called the porter by name praying hym to open the gate that hee myghte passe to Roan and retourne agayne the same nyght The Porter whiche well knewe the voyce of hys customer tooke little heede to the other twoo companions and so opened the one gate and sent another fellowe of hys to open the formoste gate When the Chariot was on the drawe bridge betwene both the gates the chariot Maister gaue the Porter money and for the nonce let one peece fall on the grounde and while the Porter stouped to take it vp the wagoner wyth hys dagger stroke hym in at hys throate so that he cried for no helpe and the .ij. great lubbers slewe the other porters and with their axes cut the axeltree of the wagon so that the drawe bridge coulde not be shortly drawen vppe This done they made a signe to Capitaine Floquet whyche wyth all speede entred the Towne slewe and tooke all the Englishemenne and amongest other the Lorde Fauconbridge Capitaine of the saide Towne was taken prisoner The losse of this place was of no small importance being the very kay passage ouer the riuer of Seyne from France into Normandy
Englande to the great annoyance of the Englishe borders which dealing though it much mooued the king of Englande to take displeasure against the Scottes yet he gaue gentle audience vnto Leirmouth at his comming vnto him and by hys fayre wordes and promises was partly pacified But in the meane time the dedes of the Scottishe borderers were as extreame as might be and in a roade made by sir Robert Bowes for reuenge thereof the same sir Robert and many other with him were taken prisoners and could not be deliuered nor admitted to paye their fine and raunsome as hath bene euer accustomed betwixt them on the borders And where at the same time an assuraunce was made on both sides for a time K. Henrie forced to take armes against the Scots at the suite of the sayde Leirmouth the Scots ceased not to make sundrie inuasions into Englande in such wise as the king no longer trusting to their fayre wordes but weying their deedes put an armie in a readynesse for defence of his subiects as the due meane to attayne such a peace as for the safetie of his people he thought it stoode with his honor to procure After whiche preparation made and knowledge thereof had the king of Scots made newe suite to haue the matter taken vppe by treatie Wherevpon the king caused the armie to staye about Yorke and appointed the D. of Norffolk his Lieutenant generall the Lorde priuie seale Bishop of Durham and sir Anthonie Browne Maister of his horses to treate and conclude with the Ambassadors of Scotland some frendly peace vpon reasonable and indifferent condicions as shoulde he thought requisite for the auoyding of warres then by sundrie inuasions of the Scottes made open and manifest But after they had vewed eche others Commissions and beganne to propone articles the Scottish commissioners to protract time at the first seemed to like such articles as the Englishe commissioners had proponed The double dealing of the Scots in the negotiation about an agreement made semblance as if there were no doubt but that in case their k. ours might mete all matters should be quietly coÌ„pounded ended so taking it as for a thing sure and certaine they only desired vj. dayes to obtaine answere from their Maister and our armie for that time to staye wherevnto the Englishe Commissioners accorded After those sixe dayes was sent a Commission out of Scotlande to conclude a meeting precisely at such a place as they knew will could not in the Winter season be obserued nor kept Wherewith when the English Commissioners seemed nothing content the Scottish Commissioners shewed forth instructions wherein libertie was giuen to them to exceede their Commission in the appoynting of a place and to consent to any other by the Englishe Commissioners thought meete and conuenient but when the English Commissioners refused to deale with men wanting sufficient Commission to warrant their doings the Scottishe Commissioners required other .vj. days respite to send for a larger commission which being graunted at the end of those six dayes they brought forth a commission made in good forme and without exception or restraint of place But therwith they shewed instructions conteyning a lyke restraint as in the former Commission was expressed And thus driuing forth the matter by trisling vppon purpose onely to winne tyme they hoped thereby through the Winter comming on that the Englishe armie shoulde not be able much to annoye their Countrie for that yeare And so their talke brake vp without any conclusion of agreement at all and forthwith was the armie set forward a good part whereof had lien all this time of treatie in Yorke and in the Countrie there abouts When the whole power was assembled the Duke of Norffolke Lieutenaunt generall accompanied with the Earles of Shrewesburse â–ª Darbie The English armie entreth into Scotland Cumberlande Surrey Hertford Angus Rutlande and the Lordes of the Northe partes and sir Anthonie Browne Master of the Horse Sir Iohn Gage Comptroller of the Kings house and others hauing with them twentie thousande men well and warrelike appointed entred Scotlande the xxj of October and taried there eyght dayes without hauing any battayle offered vnto them in whiche spare they brent these townes and villages Paxton Ramrige Styne Gradyn Shylles Lang Ednem â–ª Newton Skitshell Newthorne Smellem spitâ—…le the twâ—… 〈…〉 and the two Brurdwes 〈…〉 Edâ—… Spittle 〈…〉 Abbay long Spronâ—… 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 â—…stone And while the 〈…〉 fourth day after his â—…uiring and Scotlande there came to speake with 〈◊〉 a myle 〈◊〉 the Campe the Bishoppe of Oâ—…ney and Iames Lothâ—…oâ—… sent from the king of Scoâ—… to intreate of peace but they agreed not Finally after the Englishmen had lyeâ—… so long within Scotlande as they might recouer vittayle at length for necessitie they returned to Berwicke In all which iourney the standeâ—… of the Earle of Southhamptons The Earle of Southamptons standart late Lorde priuie seale which dyed at Newcastell before these entring into Scotlande was borne in the foreward bicause he was appoynted captaine of the same The king of Scots hearing that the English armie was returned raysed a power of 〈◊〉 tene thousande menne forth of all partes of hys Realme vnder the guiâ—…ng of the Lorde Maxwell or rather of Oliuer â—…eâ—… An armie of Scots iouade Englande as the Scoth affirme boasting to taâ—… 〈◊〉 in Englande as the Duke of Norffolke had taried in Scotlande And soon the Fridaye being Saint Katherines euen they passed one other water of Eâ—… and brent certayne houses of the Greâ—…es hir the very border Amongst other that were taken wee finde these men of name Scottish Lords taken at Solem Moste the Earle of Castill Glencarne the Lorde Maxwell Admirall of Scotlande and Warden of the West marches the Lorde Flemming the Lorde Sommerwell the Lorde Oliphant the Lorde Graye sir Oliuer Sincler the Kings minion Iohn Rosse Lorde of Gragy Robert Erskin sonne to the Lorde Geskin Carre Lorde of Gredon the Lorde Maxwels two brethren Iohn Lesley bastarde sonne to the Earle of Rothus George Hume Larde of Hemitton Iohn Mattelande Larde of Wike castell Iames Pringel Iames Sinclex brother to Oliuer Sincler Iohn Carmell Captayne of Crayforth Patricke Heborne Esquire Iohn Seton Esquire sonne in lawe to the Lorde Erskin William Seton Esquire Iohn Steward cousin to the King Iohn Morrowe Esquire Henrie Droumont Esquire Iames Mitton Esquire Iohn Cormurth Esquire Captaine of Gainsforth Iames Mitton Esquire The number of prisoners and artillerie taken and other Esquires and Gentlemen beside the Earles and Lordes before mencioned to the number of two hundreth and aboue and more than viij C. other persons of meaner calling so that some one Englishman yea some women had three or foure prisoners They tooke also foure and twentie peeces of ordinance foure Cartes laden with speares and ten pauilions so that this might well be sayde to be the handie worke of God and the verse of the Psalme verified
Nunc vidi dixi haec est mutatio dextrae excelâ—… The death of the king of Scotlande The King of Scottes tooke such griefe and inwarde thought for his ouerthrow and also for the murther of an Englishe Herault that was stayne at Dunbar by one Leeche an Englishe man the whiche for the rebellion in Lincolne shire was fledde into Scotlande that he fell into a hote ague and therof dyed although many reported that he was at the byckering and receyued there his deathes wounde and fledde therewith into Scotlande But of his death and of the birth of his daughter ye may see more in the historie of Scotlande â—…xiiiâ—… hath Hall Of these prisoners before named xxj of them were brought vp to London and on the xix â–ª of December entred into the Citie by Bishops gate and so were conueyed to the tower where they remained for the space of two dayes and vpon Saint Thomas daye the Apostle Scottes prisoners brought to London being the xxj of December they were conueyed to Westminster sir Iohn Gage Constable of the Tower ryding before them and the Lieutenant of the same Tower ryding behinde them They roade two and two togither and eyght of them being Earles and Lordes had newe gownes of blacke Damaske furred with black Conse cotes of blacke Veluet and doublers of Saâ—…m with shiâ—…es and other apparell bought aâ—…we for 〈◊〉 at the Kings charges Thus being soltiâ—…elye conueyed through the streetes of London vnto Westminster The Scottes prisoners before the Counsell in the staâ—… Chamber they came before the Counsell sitting in the Starre Chamber and there the Lorde Chauncellour declared to them their vntruth vnkindenesse and false dissimulation declaring further howe the King had cause of war agaynst them both for the denying of their homages and also for their trayterous inuasions made into his Realme without defiance and also for keeping his subiectes prisoners without redemption contrarie to the auncient lawes of the Marches for whiche doings God as they might perceyue had scourged them Howbeit the King more regarding his honour than his Princelye power was content to shewe them kyndenesse for vnkyndenesse right for wrong And although he might keepe them in strait prison by iust lawe of armes yet he was contâ—… that they shoulde haue libertie to be with the nobles of his Realme in their houses and so according to their Estates they were appoynted to Dukes Earles Bishoppes Knights and Gentlemen which so entertayned them that they confessed themselues neuer to be better vsed nor to haue had greater cheare in all their life times The Earle of Cassils was appointed to be with the Archbishoppe of Caunterburie the Earle of Glencarne with the Duke of Norffolke the L. Flemming with the Lorde priuie seale the Lord Maxwell with sir Anthonie Browne the Lord Somerwel with the Lord Chancelor the Lord Oliphant with sir Thomas Lee Oliuer Sencler with the Duke of Suffolke Robert Ersâ—… with the Bishop of Westminster the lord Monteth with sir Anthonie Wingfielde the Lorde MouÌ„keth with sir Raufe Sadler George Hame with the Earle of Hertforde the Lorde of Gragie with sir Thomas Cheiney the Lorde of Gredon with maister Gastwike Henrie Maxewell with sir Richarde Long Thomas Clifforde with sir Arthur Darcy Patrick Heâ—…forde with sir Thomas Wriothesley Iames Prâ—…gel with sir Richard Rich Iohn Mariâ—…d with sir Edwarde North the Lorde Grey Iames Sencler and Iohn Lesley were apointed to men of such credit as were thought mere to aunswere for their safe keping The .xxij. of DeceÌ„ber 〈◊〉 came of the king of Scottes death and vpâ—… S. Iohns day in Christmas weeke y e foresaid â—…rds of ScotlaÌ„d were brought to y e court which was then at Grenewich where they had great châ—…e went before the King to y e chappel were â—…odged within the court Here vpoÌ„ ye must coÌ„sider y e where as the K. of Scots had left no issue behind him in life but only one daughter y e King hys Counsell perceyuing a meane nowe offered wherby without warre the two Realmes might be vnited these Scottishe Lordes hauing first made the motion themselues for a mariage to be had betwixt Prince Edwarde and their yong Queene the king required them to helpe to the â—…t hâ—…rance of that matter which myght be such a benifit to themselues and their countrie This they promised faithfully to doe and aswell by themselues as their friendes to being the same to effect so muche as the king coulde require Wherevpon the king was not only couâ—…ed to release them home but also highly rewarded them with rich gyftes in most bountifull wise The xxx of December they departed from the Court and the morrow after eyght of them dyned with Sir Iohn Coates thou Lorde Maior of London and the rest with the Sherifes and had very great cheare On Newyeares daye they departed from London honâ—…wardes towardes Scotlande 1543 and roade to Enfelde to see the Prince and there dyned that daye greatly â—…oyâ—…ng as by their wordes and countenance is sâ—…ared to beholde so propet and towardly anyâ—…ped From thence they kept on then iourney till they came to the North partes where they founde the Duke of Suffolke the Kings Lieutenant there and with him remayned till suche pledges were come forth of Scotlande as it was couenanted they should leaue behind them The Duke then after he had receyued the hostages permitted them to depart and so they returned into Scotlande where they were gladlye welcommed by their kinsemen and frendes With them went also the Earle of Augus who had bene banished Scotlande and hauing remayned here in Englande a long time receyued of the Kings fee a thousande marke by yeare and likewise his brother Sir George Douglas who had fiue hundreth markes yearely likewise of the Kings gift They were nowe both restored home into their countrie and that as was sayde by the last Kings will The sayde Earle of Angus and diuerse of the Lordes that had bene prisoners here in Englande were made of the priuie Counsell of the Realme by the Earle of Arrayne that was chosen gouernour to the yong Queene and of the Realme as next heire apparent Nothwithstanding that the Archbishop of Saint Andrewes and Cardinall of the sea of Rome enimie mortall to the King of Englande for the Popes cause and partlye set on by the French king had forged a will expressing howe the king had made him gouernour associate with two Earles of his affinitie as well of the Queene as Realme contrarie to the lawes of Scotland Wherevpon the said Earle of Arceyne according to his right as he pretended with the helpe of his frendes The Earle of Arraine tooke vppon him the authoritie of Gouernour and put the sayde Cardinall in poson and deliuered Sir Robert Bowes Sir Robert Bowes deliuered and the other Englishe prisoners by their handes according to the custome of the marches All this yeare was neyther perfect peaconor open warre betwixt