slaine Sigibertâ—… Egricus 〈◊〉 togither with Sigiberte and his cousin Egricus theyr King The yeare in the which Sigiberte and Egricus were slayne in manner as is aboue rehearsed was after the birth of our Sauioure as some haue 652. 652 Baleuâ—… Beda lib. 3. cap. 19. Furseus In the dayes whilest Sigibert as yet ruled the East angles there came out of Irelande a deuoute person named Furseus who comming into the countrey of the East angles was gladly receyued of Kyng Sigiberte by whose help afterwardes hee buylded the Abbey of Cumbresburge in the which Sigibert as some haue written when he renounced his Kingdome was professed a Monke Of this Furseus many thyngs are writteÌ„ the which for breefenesse we ouerpasse After that Felix the Bishop of the East angles was dead one Thomas was ordeyned in his place who after he had bin Bishop fiue yeres dyed and then one Beretgils was ordeyned in his roomth by Honorius the Archbishop of Canterburie The sayd Honorius hymselfe when hee had runne the race of his naturall life deceassed also in the yeare of our Lord .653 the last of September 653 AFter Egricus succeeded Anna the sonne of Enus in the Kingdome of East Angle Anne and was likewise slayne by Penda King of Mercia VVil. 〈◊〉 with the most parte of his army as he gaue battell vnto the sayde Penda that inuaded his countrey He lefte behynde him many children Edelhere king of East angle but his brother Edelhere succeeded hym in gouernemente of the Kingdome who was slaine by Oswy the King of Northumberlande togyther with the foresayd Penda and woorthely sith that hee woulde ayde that Tyrante whyche hadde slayne hys kinsman and hys brother that were predecessors with him in his Kingdome After this when the Sea of Canterbury had bene vacant by the space of one whole yeare and sixe Monethes Deus Dedit one Deus Dedit of the countrey of the West Saxons was elected and consecrated by Ithamar the Byshop of Rochester the .7 Calends of April He gouerned the Church of Canterbury by the tearme of nine yeres four moneths and two days When he was departed this life the foresayd Ithamar coÌ„secrated for him one Damianus of the countrey of Sussex Mercia receyueth the fayth â—… hist eccle 3. cap. 21. ABout this time the people of Mercia coÌ„monly called midle Angles receyued the Christian faythe vnder theyr Kyng named Peda 653 or Peada the sonne of Penda King of Mercia the which being a towardly yong Gentleman and worthy to haue the guyding of a kingdome Peda or Peada 〈◊〉 of the â—â—ddle angles his father Penda aduaunced him to the rule of that Kingdome of the middle angles during his own life Heere may you note y t the Kingdome of the midle angles was one the Kingdome of Mercia another though most commonly the same were gouerned by one king This yong Peda came to the king of Northumberlande Oswy to require of him to haue hys daughter Alchfled in marriage but when he was enformed that he mighte not haue hir except hee would become a Christian then vppon hearyng the Gospell preached with the promise of the celestiall ioyes and immortalitie by the resurrectioÌ„ of the fleshe in the life to come he sayde that whether hee had King Oswyes daughter to wife or not he woulde surely be baptised and chiefly hee was perswaded thereto by his kinsman Alchfride which had in marriage his sister the daughter of Penda named Cimburgh He was therfore baptised by Bishop Fynnan with all those whyche came thither with him Ad murum at a place called at y e wal And taking with him foure priestes whiche were thought meete to teache and baptise his people he returned with great ioy into his owne countrey The names of those Priestes were as followeth Cedda Adda Betti and Diuna of the whyche the last was a Scotte by nation and the other were Englishmen These Priestes commyng into the prouince of the middle angles preached the worde and were well hearde so that dayly a greate number both of the nobilitie and communaltie renouncing the filthy dregges of Idolatrie were christned Neyther dyd King Penda forbidde the preaching of the Gospell within his prouince of Mercia but rather he hated and despised those whome hee knewe to haue professed themselues Christians The saying of K. Penda and yet shewed not y e workes of faythe saying that those were wretches and not to be regarded which woulde not obey theyr God in whome they beleeued This alteration of things began about two yeares before the deathe of King Penda The East Saxons eftsoones receyue the faith This was about the yeare 649. as Math. West hath noted King Sigibert hauing now receiued the Christian faith when he should returne into his countrey required king Oswy to appoynte hym certayne instructors and teachers which might conuert his people to the faith of Christ King Oswy desirous to satisfie his request sente vnto the prouince of the middle angles calling from theÌ„ce that vertuous man Cedda Cedda and assigning vnto him another Priest to be his associate sente them vnto the prouince of the East Saxons there to preache the Christian faithe vnto the people And when they had preached and taughte through the whole countrey to the great increase and enlarging of the Church of Christ it chaunced on a time that Cedda returned home into Northumberlande to conferre of certaine things with Bishop Fynan which kept his See at Lindesferne where vnderstaÌ„ding by Cedda the great fruite whiche it had pleased God to prosper vnder his handes in aduancing the fayth amongst the East Saxons hee called to him two other Byshops and there ordeyned the foresayde Ced Bishop of the East Saxons Ced or Cedda Bishop of the East angles Herevppon the same Ced returning vnto hys cure wente forewarde with more authoritie to performe the worke of the Lord buildyng Churches in diuers places ordeyned Priests and Deacons whiche mighte helpe him in preaching and in the ministerie of Baptising specially in the Citie of Ithancester vpon the riuer of Pente and likewise in Tileburg on the riuer of Thames Tilbery Whilest Ced was thus busie to the great comfort and ioy of the Kyng and all hys people in the setting forwarde the Christian Religion with great increase dayly proceedyng it chaunced thorough the instigation of the enimie of mankynde the Deuill that King Sigibert was murthered by two of his owne kinsmen which were brethreÌ„ the which when they were examined of the cause that shoulde moue them to that wicked fact they had nothing to alledge but that they did it bycause they had conceyued an hatred againste the King for that he was too fauorable towards his enimies and would with great mildnes of mind forgiue iniuries committed againste him suche was the kings faulte for the which he was murthered bycause he obserued the commaundemeÌ„ts of the Gospell with a deuoute hart in the whyche
thereto than follow his olde maners considering that it might be well perceyued that if he continued in the encouraging of the king to lewdnesse as in tymes past he had done he could not thinke but that the Lordes woulde bee readie to correct him as by proufe he had nowe tryed their meanings to be no lesse Herevpon to retaine amitie 1309 An. reg 3. Hen. Marle as was thought on both sydes Pierce by consent of the Lordes was restored home againe the king meeting him at Chester to his great comfort and reioysing for the time although the malice of the Lordes was such that such ioy lasted not long In the fourth yeare of king Edwarde was a Councell holden at London agaynst the Templers 1310 An. reg 4. The addition to Triuet the which Councell endured froÌ„ the beginning of May till Iune In this councell they confessed the fame but not the fact of the crymes layde to theyr charge except two or three ribalds that were amongst them but bycause they could not cleare themselues they were adiudged to perpetuall penance within certaine Monasteries The king this yeare fearing the enuie of the Lordes agaynst Pierce de Gaueston The Earle of Cornwal placed in Bambourgh castel placed him for his more safetie in Bambourgh Castell bearing the Prelates and Lordes in hande that hee had committed him there to prison for theyr pleasures This yeare also there were ordinances made for the state and gouernment of the Realme by the Prelates Earles and Barons which were confirmed with the sentence of excomunication agaynst all them that should goe about to breake the same The king neither allowed of them nor obserued them although he had confirmed them with his seale and sent them to all Cathedrall Churches and Counties to be registred in perpetuall memorie thereof Polidor The king in deede was lewdly ledde for after that the Earle of Cornewall was returned into Englande he shewed himselfe no chaungeling as writers do affirme but through support of the kings fauour bare himselfe so high in his doings which were without all good order that he seemed to disdaine all the Peeres and Barons of the realme Also after the olde sort he prouoked the king to all naughtie rule and riotous demeanor and hauing the custodie of the kings Iewels and treasure he tooke out of the Iewelhouse a table and a paire of trestels of golde which he deliuered vnto a marchant called Aymerie de Friscobalde Caxton commaunding him to conuey them ouer the Sea into Gascoigne Thys table was iudged of the common people to belong sometime vnto king Arthure and therefore men grudged the more that the same shoulde thus be sent oute of the Realme 1311 Rich. South An. reg 5. The king this yeare raysed a great power to goe into Scotlande And about the feast of the Assumption of our ladie hauing with him Piers de Gaueston Earle of Cornwall and the Earles of Gloucester and Warren Berwike fortified he came to Berwike which town he caused to be fortified with a stroÌ„g wall and a mightie deepe ditch and although the other Earles woulde not come to serue him in that voyage The king entred into Scotlande by reason of a newe variaunce risen amongest them yet hee marcheth forth into Scotland to seke his aduersary Robert le Bruce but Robert refusing the battaile kept him forth of the way so that the king was driuen to return to Berwike againe without meeting with his enimies And he was no sooner come backe but the sayde Robert and his people enter into Louthian sore molesting such as were yeelded to the king of England The king aduertised thereof followed them but coulde do no good and so returned The Erle of Cornewall lay at Rokesbourgh and the Earle of Gloucester at Norham to defend those parties After Candlemasse the King sent the Earle of Cornewall with two hundred men of armes to Saint Iohns towne beyond the Scottish sea who receyued to the kings peace all those that inhabited beyonde that Sea vp to the Mountains The king lay still at Berwike but the Earles of Gloucester and Warren after the beginning 〈◊〉 Lent rode into the forest of Selkyrke and receyued the Foresters and other the inhabitants thâ—… to the kings peace In this fifth yere of the kings raigne but somwhat before this present in the yeare .1310 Henry Lacie Earle of Lyncolne gouernor of England in the kings absence departed this life in which place the Earle of Gloucester was chosen gouernour and therefore hee returned nowe 〈◊〉 Englande This Earle of Lyncolne was vailed in the new worke at Pauls Lying on his death bed be requested as was reported Thomas erle of LaÌ„caster that had maried his daughter that in any wise he should stand with the other Lords in defence of the common wealth and to maintein his quarel against the Earle of Cornwall which request Erle Thomas faithfully accomplished for by the pursute of him and of the Earle of Warwike chiefly the sayd Earle of Cornwall was at length taken and beheaded as after shal appeare Some write that king Edward the first vpon his death bed charged y e Erles of Lincolne Warwike and Pembroke to foresee that the foresayde Pierce returned not again into England least by his euill example hee might enduce his sonne the Prince to lewdnesse as before hee had alreadye done Thomas Erle of LaÌ„caster came toward Berwike to do homage to the king for the Erledome of Lincolne fallen to him in right of his wife now after the deceasse of hir father the late Earle of Lincolne But he was councelled not to goe forth of the Realme to the king so that thervpon rose no small displeasure great doubt least there would haue followed ciuil warres about it Neuerthelesse at length the king was perswaded to come ouer the water vnto Hagerston foure myles distaunt from Berwike and there receyued homage of the Earle so they continued friends and for that tyme departed asunder in louyng maner The Lords perceyuing the mischief that dayly followed and encreased by that naughtie man as they tooke it the Erle of Cornwal Fabiaâ—… Hen. Mâ—… assembled at Lyncolne and there tooke counsaile togyther and concluded eftsoones to banish him out of the Realme and so therevpon shortly after about Christmasse as some write or rather as other haue within the quindene of Saint Michaell Ri. Saith The Earle 〈◊〉 Comâ—…wall â—…nished into Flaunders he was exyled into Flaunders sore agaynste the Kings wyll and pleasure who made suche account of him that as appeared hee coulde not bee quiet in mynde withoute hys companye and therefore about Candlemasse hee eftsoones reuoked hym home 12â—… But hee beryng nothing at al amended of those hys euill manners rather demeaned himself worse than before he had done namely towardes the Lordes agaynst whome vsing reprochfull speech hee called the Earle of Gloucester bastarde the Earle of Lyncolne lately deceassed bursten belly the
long before his death wherof eche of his childreÌ„ so sone as he was enterred toke seisure and possession Howbeit after two yeres it happened that Albanact was slayne wherevpon Locrinus and Camber raysed their powers reuenged his death and finally the sayde Loctinus made an entraunce vpoÌ„ Albania seyzed it into his owne handes as excheated wholly vnto himselfe without yéelding any part therof vnto his brother Camber who made no clayme nor title vnto any portion of the same Herby then sayth Adams it euidently appeareth that the entier seigniorie ouer Albania consisted in Locrinus according to which example lykeland among brethren euer since hath continued in preferring the eldest brother to the onely benefite of the collaterall assencion from the youngest asswell in Scotlande as in England vnto this daye Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine that is to say the sonne of Mempris sonne of Madan sonne of the same Locrine buylded in Albania the castle of Maydens nowe called Edenbrough and the Castle of Alcluith or Alclude now called Dunbriton as the Scottish Hector Boethius confesseth wherby it most euidently appeareth that our Ebranke was then thereof seased This Ebranke reigned in the 〈…〉 ouer theÌ„ a long time after whose death Albania as annexed to the empire of the Britaine descended to the onely king of Britons vntill the discent to the two sisters sonnes Mâ—â—gan and Conedage lineall heires from the sayde Ebranke who brotherly vpoÌ„ the first example deuided y e realme MorgaÌ„ had Lhoegrâ—â— and Conedage haâ—… Albanâ—â— but shortly after Morgan the elder brother pondeâ—â—â—g in hys hed the loue to his brother with the loue to a kingdome excluded nature gaue place to ambition and therupoÌ„ denouncing warre death miserably ended hys life as the rewarde of his vntruth wherby Conedage obtayned the whole Empire of all Britaine in which state he remayned during his naturall lyfe From him the same lineally descended to the onelye king of Britons vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian who had issue two sons Ferres and Porres This Porres requyring lyke diuision of the lande affirming the forâ—…er particions to be rather of lawe then fauour was by the handes of his elder brother both of his lyfe and hoped kingdome bereued at once whereupon their vnnaturall mother vsing hir natural malice for the deth of hir one sonne without regard of the lossing of both miserably slew the other Cloten by all writers aswell Scottishe as other was the next inheritour to the whole Empire but lacking power the only meane in those dayes to obtayne right he was contented to deuide the same among thrée of his kinsmen so that Scater had Albania But after the death this Cloten his sonne Dunnallo Mulmutius made warâ—…e vpon these thrée Kinges and at last ouercame them and so recouered the whole dominion in token of which victorie he caused himselfe to be crowned with a crowne of gold the very first that was worne among the kinges of this nation This Dunuallo erected temples wherein the people shoulde assemble for Prayer to which temples he gaue benefite of Sanctuarie he made the 〈◊〉 for wager of battaile in cases of murder and â—â—lonte whereby a théefe that lyued and made his art of â—…ighting shoulde for his purgation fight wyth the true man which he had robbed but he beléeued that the Goddes for then they supposed many would by myracle assigne victorie to the innocent partie The priuileges of which first sawe benefite of the latter aswell in Scotlande as in Englande be midyed to this day few causes by late positiue lawes among vs excepted wherein the benefite of wager of battaâ—…le is expelled â—… by which obedience to hys lawes it doth manifestly appeare that thys Dunuallo was then seased of Albania nowe called Scotland This Dunuallo reigned in thys estate ouer them many yeares Beline Brenne the sonnes of this Dunuallo dyd after theyr fathers death fauourably deuide the land betwéene them so that Beline had Logres and Brenne had Albania but for that this Brenne a subiect without the consent of his elder brother and Lord aduentured to marry with the daughter of the king of Denmarke Beline seased Albania into his owne handes and thereuppon caused the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallons Lawes to be newly wrought by mens handes which for the length was from the furder part of Cornewall vnto the the sea by North Cathnes in Scotland for religion in those daies he coÌ„stituted ministers called Archeflamines in their functions most like the aucthoritie of Bishoppes at this daye the one of which remained at Ebranke now called Yorke and whose power exteÌ„ded to y e vttermost bondes of Albany wherby lykewyse appeareth that it was then within his dominion After his death the whole Isle was enioyed by the onlye kings of Britaine vntill the tyme of Vigenius and Perydurus lineall heires from the sayde Belyne who fauourably made particion so that Vigenius had all the land from Humber south and Perydurus from thence North all Albania This Vigenius died and Perydurus suruiued and thereby obtayned the whole from whome the same quietly discended and was by his posteritie accordingly enioyed vnto the reigne of king Coell of that name the first In hys tyme an obscure nation by most writers supposed Scithians passed by seas from Irelande and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania against whome this Coell assembled his power and being entred Albania to expell theÌ„ one Fergus in the night disguised entered the tent of this Coell and in his bed traiterously slew him This Fergus was therefore in reward of such vertue made there King whereupon they sat downe in that part with their wiues and children and called it Scotlande and themselues Scottes from the beginning of the worlde After the Scottishe accompt foure thousande and sixe hundred and seuentéene yeares which by iust computacion and confession of all their owne wryters is sixe hundred yeares lacking tenne after that Brutus had reigned ouer y e whole Island the same land being enioyed by him and his posteritie before their comming during two and fiftie discentes of the kinges of Britaine Certes this intrusion into a land so many hundred yeares before inhabited and by so many disceÌ„ts of kings quietly enioyed is the best tytle that all their owne writers alledge for them This Fergus hereupoÌ„ immediately did deuyde Albania also amoÌ„g his Capitaines and their people whereby it most euidently appeareth that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before in proofe wherof the same particion shall followe The landes of Cathnes lying against Orknay 〈…〉 betwéene Dummesbey and the Water of Thane was giuen vnto one Cornath a capitaine and his people The landes betwéene the Water of Thane and Nes nowe called Rosse lying in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Lochte were giuen to Lutorke another Capitaine and his people The landes betwéene Spay and Nes from the Almaine seas to the Ireland
bowels are cut from their bodies and throwne into a fire prouided neare hand and within sight euen for the same purpose Sometimes if the trespasse be not the more hainous they are suffred to hang til they be quite dead and when so euer any of the Nobilitie are conuicted of high treason this maner of their death is coÌ„uerted into the losse of their heads onely notwithstanding that the sentence doe runne after the former order In triall of cases coÌ„cerning treason fellonie or any other gréeuous cryme the partie accused doth yelde yf he be a noble man to be tryed by his Péeres if a gentleman by gentlemen and an inferiour by God and by the countrie and being condemned of fellonie manslaughter c. he is eftsoones hanged by the necke til he be dead and then cut downe and buryed But yf he be conuicted of wilfull murder he is eyther hanged aliue in chaynes néere the place where the facte was commytted or else first strangeled with a rope and so continueth till his bones consume to nothing We haue vse neither of the whéele nor of y e barre as in other countries but when wilfull manslaughter is perpetrated beside hanging the Offendour hath his right hande commonly stricken of at the place where the acte was done after which he is led foorth to the place of execution there put to death according to the law Vnder the worde fellonie are manie grieuous crimes contained as breche of pryson An. 1. of Edward the second Disfigurers of y e Princes lege people An. 5. of Henry the fourth Hunting by nyght wyth painted faces and Visours An. 1. of Henry the seuenth Rape or stealing of women and maydens An. 3. of Henry the eight Conspiracy against the person of the Prince An. 3. of Henry the seauenth Embefilling of goodes committed by the maister to the seruaunt aboue the value of fourtie shillings An. 17. of Henry the eyght Carying of horses or mares into Scotland An. 23. of Henry the eyght Sodomy and Buggery An 25. of Henrye the eyght Stealing of Hawkes egges An. 31. of Henry the eyght CoÌ„suring sorcerie Witchcrafte and digging vp of Crosses An. 33. of Henry the eyght Prophecying vpoÌ„ armes cognisaunces names and badges An. 33. of Henry y e eyght Casting of slanderous billes An. 37. of Henry y e eyght Wilfull killing by poyson An. 1. of Edward y e sixt Departure of a soldier froÌ„ the field An. 2. of Edward y e sixt Diminution of câ—…yâ—… al offences within casâ—… premunire embeseling of recordes goodes taken froÌ„ dead men by their seruaunts stealing of whatsoeuer cattell robbing by the high way vpon the sea or of dwelling houses letting out of pondes cutting of purses stealing of Déere by night counterfectous 〈◊〉 coyne â–ª euidences charters and writings diuers other néedlesse to be remembred Periury is punished by the pillorie burning in the forehead w t the letter P. and losse of all y e mooueables Many trespasses also are punished by y e cutting of one or both eares from the heade of the offendour as the vtteraunce of sedicious words against the maiestrates fraymakers pettie robbers c. Roges are burned thorow the eares caryers of shéepe out of the land by the losse of their haÌ„ds such as kill by poyson are eyther skalded to death in lead or séething water Heretiks are burned quicke harlottes their mates by carting ducking and dooing of open pennaunce are often put to rebuke Such as kill theÌ„selues are buryed in the fielde with a stake driuen thorow their bodies Witches are hanged or sometymes burned but théeues are haÌ„ged euery where generally sauing in Halifax where they are beheaded after a straÌ„ge maner wherof I find this report There is hath ben of ancient tyme a law or rather a custome at Halifax that whosoeuer doth coÌ„mit any fellony and is taken with the same or confesse the facte vpon examination yf it by valued by fower counstables to amount to the somme of thirtéene pence halfe peny he is forthw t beheaded vpon the next market day which fall vsually vppon the tuesdayes thursdayes and saterdayes or else vpon the same day y t he is so conuicted yf market be then holdeÌ„ The engine wherw t the execution is done is a square blocke of wood of the length of foure foote and an halfe which doeth ryde vp and downe in a slot rabet or regall betwéene twoo péeces of timber that are framed and set vpright of fiue yards in height In the neather ende of the slyding blocke is an Axe keyed or fastened wyth Iron into the wood which being drawne vp to the top of the frame is there fastned with a woodden pinne the one ende set on a péece of woodde which goeth crosse ouer y e two rabets the other ende being let into the blocke holding the Axe with a notche made into the same after the maner of a Sampsons post vnto the middest of which pinne there is a long rope fastened that commeth downe among the people so that when the offendour hath made his confession and hath layde his neck ouer the neathermost blocke euery man there present doth eyther take hold of y e rope or putteth foorth his arme so néere to y e same as he can get in token that he is willing to sée true iustice executed and pulling out the pinne in this maner y e head blocke wherin the axe is fastened doth fall downe wyth such a violence that yf the necke of the transgressour were so bigge as that of a bull it should be cut in sunder at a strocke and roll from the bodie by an huge distaunce If it be so that the offendour be apprehended for an oxe or oxeÌ„ shéepe kine horse or any such cattell the selfe Beast or other of the same kinde haue the ende of the rope tyed somewhere vnto them so that they drawe out the pin whereby the offendour is executed And thus much of Halifax law which I set down onely to shew the custome of that country in this behalfe Roges and vagabondes are often stocked and whipped scoldes are ducked vpon cuckingstooles in the water Such fellons as stand mute and speake not at their arraynement are pressed to death by huge weightes and these commonly holde theyr peace thereby to saue their goodes vnto their wyues and children which yf they were condemned shoulde be confiscated to the prince Théeues that are saued by their bookes and cleargie are burned in the left hande vppon the brawne of the thombe with an hote IroÌ„ so that yf they be apprehended agayne that marke bewrayeth them to haue béene arrayned of fellonie before whereby they are sure at that time to haue no mercy I do not read that this custome of sauing by the booke is vsed any where else then in Englande neyther doe I finde after much diligent inquiry what Saxon Prince ordayned that lawe Howbeit this I generally gather therof that it was deuised at the first to traine the inhabiters
bâ—…riall in a vile place 〈◊〉 to the banke of a riuer called Lugge The kingdome of East Angles from thenceforth was brought so into decay that it remayned subiect one while vnto them of Mercia an other while vnto the west Saxons and somewhile vnto them of Kent till that Edmonde surnamed the Martyr obteyned the gouernment thereof as after shall appeare After that Selred king of East Saxons had gouerned the tearme of .xxxviij. yeares H. Hunt hee was slaine but in what maner wryters haue not expressed After him succeeded one Swithed or Swithred the .xj. and last in number that particularly gouerned those people He was finally expulsed by Egbert king of West Saxons the same yeare that the sayde Egbert ouercame the Kentish men as after shall be shewed and so the kings of that kingdom of the East Saxons ceassed and tooke ende About this time Friswide a virgine there was a Mayde in Oxforde named Friswide daughter to a certaine Duke or Noble man called Didanus wyth whom one Algarus a Prince in those parties fell in loue and woulde haue rauished hir but God the reuenger of sinnes was at hande as hir storie sayth For when Algar followed the mayd that fled before him she getting into the towne the gate was shutte agaynst him and his sight also was sodainly taken from him But the Mayde by hir prayers pacifyed Gods wrath towardes him so that his sight was to him againe restored But whether this bee a fable or a true tale hereof grewe the report that the kings of thys Realme long tymes after were afrayde to enter into the Citie of Oxforde So easily is the minde of man turned to superstition as sayth Polidore Kinewulfe This Kinewulfe proued a right worthee and valiant Prince and was descended of the â—â—ght line of Cerdicius The Brytayns vanquished Hee obteyned great victories agaynst the Brytaynes or Welchmen but at Bensington or Benton he lost a battaile againâ—â— Offa King of Mercia in the .xxiiij. yeare of hys raigne and from that time forwarde 〈◊〉 many displeasures at length through his owne folly hee came vnto a shamefull ende for where as he had raigned a long time neyther slouthfully nor presumptuously yet nowe as it were aduaunced with the glorie of things passed hee eyther thought that nothing coulde go against him or else doubted the suretie of their state whom he should leaue behind him and therefore he confined one Kineard the brother of Sigibert whose fame hee perceyued to encrease more than hee woulde haue wished This Kinearde dissembling the matter as hee that coulde giue place to tyme gotte him out of the Countrey and after by a secrete conspiracie assembled togyther a knotte of vngracious companie and returning priuily into the Countrey againe watched his tyme till he espied that the King wyth a small number of his seruauntes was come vnto the house of a Noble woman whome hee kept as Paramour at Merton whervpon the sayd Kineard vpon the sodain beset the house-round about The King perceyuing himselfe thus besieged of his enimies at the first caused the doores to be shutte supposing eyther by curteous wordes to appease his enimies or wyth his Princely authoritie to put them in feare But when he sawe that by neyther meane hee coulde doe good in a great chaufe he brake forth of the house vpon Kineard and went verie neare to haue killed him but beeing compassed aboute with multitude of enimies whylest hee stoode at defence thinkyng it a dishonour for hym to flie Kâ—…newuif slain by conspirators hee was beaten downe and slaine togyther with those fewe of his seruauntes which hee had there with hym who chose rather to die in seeking reuenge of their maisters death than by cowardice to yeeld themselues into the murtherers handes There escaped none excepte one Welchman or Brytayne an Hostage who was neuerthelesse sore wounded The bruyte of suche an heynous acte was streyght wayes blowen ouer all and brought with speede to the eares of the Noble men and Peeres of the Realme whiche were not farre off the place where this slaughter had beene committed Amongest other one Osrike for his age and wisedome accounted of most authoritie exhorted the residue that in no wyse they shoulde suffer the death of their soueraigne Lorde to passe vnpunished vnto theyr perpetuall shame and reproufe Wherevpon in all haste they ranne to the place where they knew to finde Kineard who at the fyrst beganne to pleade hys cause to make large promises to pretende cousynage and so forth but when he perceyued all that hee coulde say or doe might not preuaile hee encouraged his companie to shewe themselues valyaunt and to resyst theyr enimyes to the vttermoste of theyr powers Herevpon followed a doubtfull fight the one part stryuing to saue theyr lyues and the other to attaine honour and punish the slaughter of theyr soueraigne Lorde At length the victorie rested on the side where the right was so that the wicked murtherer after hee had fought a while at length was slaine togyther wâ—…th fourescore and eight of his Mates Sim. Dunel H. Hunt The Kings bodie was buried at Winchester and the murtherers at Repingdon Suche was the ende of King Kinewulfe after hee had raigned the tearme of .xxxi. yeares In the yeare of our Lorde .786 Bede 〈◊〉 Magd. 785. H. 〈◊〉 Legaâ—◠〈◊〉 the Pope or as Harison hath .787 Pope Adrian sent two Legaâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Englande Gregorie or as some Câ—…piâ—â— haue George Bishop of Ostia and Theophilactus bishop of Tuderto with letters commendatory vnto Offa king of Mercia and vnto Alfwolde king of Northumberlande and likewise to Ieanbright or Lambert Archbishop of Canterburie and to Eaubald Archbishop of Yorke These Legates were gladly receyued not only by the foresayde Kings Archbishops but also of all other the high estares aswel spiritual and temporal of the lande and namely of Kinewulfe king of the West Saxons which repayred vnto king Offa to take counsaile with him for reformation of suche articles as were conteyned in the Popes letters There were .xx. seuerall articles whiche they had to propone on the Popes behalfe Twentie aâ—…ticles which the Legates had to propone as touching the receyuing of the faith or articles established by the Nicene CouÌ„cel obeying of the other general Councels with instructions concerning baptisme and keeping of Synodes yearely for the examination of Priestes and Ministers and reforming of naughtie liuers Moreouer touching discretion to be vsed in the admitting of gouernors in Monasteries and Curates or priests to the ministerie in Churches and further for the behauior of priests in wearing their apparell namely that they should not presume to come to the aulter bare legged least their dishonestie might be discouered And that in no wisâ—… the Chalice or Paten were made of the borne of an Oxe bycause the same is bloudie of nature nor the host of a crust but of pure bread Also whereas Bishops vsed to sitte in Councels to iudge
filthie lust of the fleshe that hee defiled his owne doughters and for that his wife was aboute to diswade him from such vilanie he slew hyr with his owne handes A prophecie Thus continuing in his wickednesse certain yeares at length the nobles began to conspire against him so that they wold haue deuised mean howe to haue rid him out of the waye if Bishop Colman had not forbidden them that practyse prophesying as it wer by diuine inspiration that Ferquhard sore detesting his owne wicked doings should shortely be punished by the handes of Almightie God according to his deseruings And sure his wordes proued true The king is sicke for within a moneth after as the same Ferquhard followed in chase of a wolfe the beaste beeing enraged by pursuite of the houndes flewe backe vppon the king and snatching at him did wounde byte him righte sore in one of his sides immediately wherevpon whether thorough anguishe of his hurt or by some other occasion he fel into a most filthie disease for a venemous humoure with a soft consuming heate did so eate and waste hys membres and limmes that a lothesome sighte it was to beholde the same for out of his legges feete and priuie partes there issued filthie corruption and matter with so vile a sauour that vnneth myght any creature abide it His belly was swollen as though hee had ben infected with the dropsy therto was it verie hard withal Finally lyce bred so abundantly in his secrete partes that he might in no wise be rid or clensed of them The king being excō◅unicated is released Colman reioycing herat did not only release him of y e sentence of excōmunication pronoūced against him but also willed him to be of good cōfort to put his confidēce in y e mercy of almightie god who was ready to receiue al such sinners as turned vnto him with repentāt harts so that being put in hope by these y e like words of Colman to haue forgiuenesse of his sinnes with bitter teares he besought God to haue mercie vpon him humbly receiuing the sacrament got him into simple clothing of heare sackclothe Then causing himself to be born into y e next fieldes Ferquhard yeldeth vp the ghost he there yelded vp the ghost in y e presente of Colmā who according to the dutie of a good ghostly father was stil about him in exhorting him to cōmit himself wholy to the mercy of God not to doubt but he shoulde be sure to attayne the same Thus Ferquhard ended his life in the .xviij. yeare after he began his reigne ouer the Scottish men 664. and in the yeare of grace .664 There be that wryte how Penda the father also was baptised by this Colman and that the same Colman trauayled through the most parte of all the Englishe prouinces setting foorth the worde of life amōgst the people purchasing him greate fame for his woorthie merites He came to the church of Lyndefern in y e daies of Maldwyn that succeeded the last mencioned Ferquharde Lennox and Argyle are at variaunce Afterwardes there fell no small discorde betwixt them of Lennox Argile for first through brau◅ng amongst the heardes men theyr masters made a fray whereof rose suche deadly enimitie betwixt the parties by reason that the inhabitantes of the Westerne Isles ayded them of Argyle The westerne Isles take parte with Argyle Galoway with Lennox and the people of Galoway the other of Lennox that if the king had not come into those parties to apease the businesse and to haue punished the offendors there had ensued muche manslaughter to the greate daunger of the vtter ruyne of those countreys The king at his arriuall amongst them Maldwyne wēt about for to punishe the author of this commotion minded not to pursue the people that followed theyr Captaines but rather the Captaines and Authours of this tumulte themselues Whereof they hauing knowledge made an attonement togither being enforced thereto of necessitie The Captaines became frends togither and fled into the Isles so to auoyde the prepared punishment deuised by the king against them And foorthwith they fled ouer into the Isles but the inhabitants doubting the kings displeasure would not consent to succour them The Ilandmen apprehend the Captaines of the rebelles but contrary wise tooke them and deliuered them to the kings officers wherevpon they were safely conueyed to the places where they were borne and there suffered their deserued execution Thus that commotion vnaduisedly begonne was speedily appeased and the name of Maldwyn by reason hereof so feared amongst his subiectes that during his reigne no suche trouble chaunced in any parte of all his dominions After this he went ouer into Iona or Colmekill He buyldeth the churche of the abbay of Colmekill where perceyuing the Abbey Church wherin his auncestors had theyr sepultures to be in decay he caused it to be pulled quite downe and workemen foorth with set in hande to duylde it vp agayne at his owne proper costes and charges Suche speede also was vsed aboute this worke that before he departed out of this life the same was finished and dedicated vnto our Sauiour Christ and Saint Colme Aboute the same time there reigned through out the most part of the world a sore grieuous pestilence consuming a greater number of men A great pestilence death vpon earth before it ceassed then were left aliue for it continued the whole space of three yeares togither At length through cōmon prayer fastings giuing of almes and other vertuous workes the wrath of almightie God was pacified so that suche great mortalitie by his mercyfull appointment did stay and giue ouer The Scottish men were free from that infection aswel at that time Scotland was free of the pestilence and plague as also for many yeares after Neither were they in maner troubled with any sharpe feuers or agues till time that omitting the auncient and wholesome sparenesse of diet which theyr fathers in times past had vsed Riotousnesse the mother of sicknesses they fell vnto riotous banquetting and excessiue feeding whereby they became subiect vnto all kindes of diseases through malicious humors growing therevpon Colman bishop of Lyndefer seing wonderfull numbers of Englishmen perish dayly of that contagious sicknesse by licence of the king to auoyde the present daunger of death which by tarying there he saw no meanes how to escape he returned into Scotland with his disciples and after getting him ouer into one of the Westerne Isles Colman erected a monasterie he erected a monasterie there wherin he remayned during the residue of his life After the departure of Colman forth of Northumberland the people of that coūtrey ioyning with the Pictes made sundry roades into the Scottish bordures whiche iniurie when Maldwyne reuenged with more displeasure done to them of Northumberland than the Scottishmē had receiued it caused the Picts Northumbers to prepare
was slain by chaunce through glauncing of an arrow shot at a Deare in y e new Forest then hoping to succeed him in the kingdome of England he preferred that honor to the other wherein he sawe to be more trauaile than gaine Henrie Beauclerke king of Englande But at his comming home he found that his yongst brother Henrie surnamed Beauclerke was placed in the kingdome of England and so was Duke Robert his hope frustrate of both the kingdomes and that worthily as moste men thought for that he refused so necessarie a dignitie wherein he might haue serued the common cause of the christian common wealth Maude king Edgars sister Vnto Henry Beauclerke in the seconde yeare of his raigne king Edgar maried the one of hys sisters called Maulde The other named Marie hee coupled wyth Eustace Earle of Bulloigne Eustace Earle of Bulloigne Of the whiche mariage was borne a daughter that was the only heyre of the same Eustace in the Countie of Bulloigne the which when she came to womans state was maried vnto Stephen Earle of March in England of Mortaigne in France Nephew to Henrie Beauclerke by his sister The king of Englande Henrie had issue by Queen Mauld two sonnes and two daughters William and Richard Eufamie and Maulde But now to returne to king Edgar to shew some token of thanks towards saint Cutbert for his ayd shewed as was thought in the battaile agaynst his vncle Donalde The landes of Coldingham Canulph Bishop of Durham he gaue vnto the Monkes of Durham the lands of Coldingham and to the Bishop of Durham called Canulph he gaue the towne of Berwike but for that the same Bishop wrought afterwardes treason agaynst him he lost that gyft and the king resumed that towne into his handes againe I do not finde that Edgar had any warres any way forth during all the time of his raigne Edgar rather reuerenced than dred a prince rather reuerenced than dred amongst hys subiects for his singular equitie vpright dealing He departed out of this life at Dundee in the ix yeare of his raigne 1107. Io. Ma. 1109. H. B and after the byrth of our Sauiour 1107. AFter the decease of this Edgar succreded his brother Alexander the fierce so called for his rigorous valiancie in pursuing of theeues and robbers Alexander In the beginning of his raigne the inhabitants of Murrey lande and Rosse beholding him to bee moste an ende in the Church at his prayers and diuine seruice after the maner of his parents supposed he would proue no great quick iusticier in punishing offenders therupon most presumptuously they began to rob and reaue on eche side Theues of Murrey land and Rosse not sparing to kill and slea all suche as came in their handes without respect to age or sexe in somuche that the yong infants smyling vpon the murtherers beeing aboute to execute their detestable crueltie The crueltie of theeues passed by the Sworde as well as the resysters suche rooted malice remayned in theyr beastly heartes which vpon renuing theyr olde grudges they now accordingly shewed King Alexander therefore aduertised hereof came into those parties with a competent armie Execution and apprehending the chiefe authours and captaynes stroke of their heades As he returned backe through the Mernes there came a woman vnto him weeping in lamentable sorte who fell vppon hir knees at his feete beseeching him to pitie hir case hauing lost both hir husbande and sonne The Earle of Mernes sonne by the tyrannous crueltie of the maister of Mernes who for that they had called him afore a iudge in an action of debt had slaine and murthered as well the one as the other The king moued with this detestable kinde of iniurie lyght beside his Horse and woulde not alight vp againe A righteous Iusticier till hee had seene the Authour of that heynous trespasse hanged vppon a Gybet After this comming into Gourie The Castell of Baledgar hee tooke in hande to finishe and make vp the Castell of Baledgar the foundation whereof his brother Edgar had begun that it might be an ayde to chastice a sort of theeues robbers which haunted the Wooddes thereaboutes to the great disquiet of all the Countrey He gaue also to the maintenance of that house certain landes which the Earle of Gowrie had giuen him at the Fout stone when he became his godfather Whilest he was thus busie about the furtherance of that worke diuerse of those theeues that were acustomed to liue by robberies in those parts perceiuing that this castell which the king was about to build shoulde turne vnto their destruction Treason of conspirators to haue slaine the king they conspired his death winning by rewards promises the help of the kings chamberlain to the accōplishing of their traiterous and most diuelishe practises they entered one night through a priuie into his lodging in purpose to haue slaine him as he had slept in his bed chāber but he by Gods prouidence hauing knowledge of their cōming started out of his bed caught a sword which hung neare at hand wherewith he slue first his chamberlain that had brought them in The kings manhood and then dispatched a six of the other traitors which were alreadie entred his chamber with singular force manhood the other fearing least with the noyse his seruants that lodged within the house should haue bin raised so haue hasted to assaile thē on the backs fled in all hast possible Neuerthelesse suche pursute was made after them that many of them were apprehended and vpon their examination beeing brought before the king they declared plainly howe they were encouraged to worke that treason whiche they had gone aboute by sundrie great Barons and gentlemen of the countrey Finally the matter was so handled with them that they disclosed the names of those that had thus procured them to the treason Wherevpon the king gathering an army The water of Spay he marched forth to pursue them but before he came vnto the water of Spay the conspirators had gotten togither their power were lodged on the further side of the same water to stop him from passing ouer Sir Alexander Carron The king seeing them thus assembled to impeach his passage sent his Banner man sir Alexander Carron with a chosen part of his army to passe the water The Rebels are vāquished and to fight with his enimies where by the hardie onset of the sayde sir Alexander they were quickly put to flight many of them that were taken in the chase suffered death according as they had well deserued The realme after this execution done of these offenders continued many yeares after in good tranquilitie This Alexander Carron also for that he was seene in the kings sight that day to fight moste manfully in sleaing diuers of the rebelles with a crooked sworde whiche he had in his hande of whiche sort many
had giuen his faith once aforehand for those landes vnto the Empresse Maulde which he minded not to breake for the threatening wordes of any new inuasours King Stephan moued with this answere sent a power of men to the bordures of Northumberland whiche as then was vnder the dominion of the Scottes to make a rode vpon the inhabitants of that countrey The Englishmen inuade Northumberland They that had the charge of this enterpryse entring into the landes of theyr enimies put all to the fire and swoorde that came in theyr way The Scottes kindled with that displeasure The Scottes make rodes into England roded into England and did the like displeasures and hurtes there For the yeare after the Earles of Marche Menteth The Earle of Gloucester Robert was against K. Stephā but there might be some other happely vnto whom K. Stephan had giuen that title A resignatiō and Angus entred into England with a great armie against whom came the Earle of Gloucester and giuing them batayle at Northallertoun lost the fielde and was taken prysoner himselfe with diuers other nobles of England King Stephan therefore constreyned to redeeme the captiues gaue not onely a great some of money for them but also made resignation of all such title clayme and interest as eyther he or any of his successours might make or pretend to the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland Howbeit his nobles were no sooner returned home but that repenting him of that resignatiō King Stephan repenteth he gathered his puysance againe and entring into Northumberland fought with the Scottes that came foorth to resist him and obtayning the victorie tooke a great parte of the countrey into his possession King Dauid to redresse these iniuries gathered a mightie army with deliberate minde either to expell the Englishmen out of all the boundes of his dominions or els to vse in the payne But shortly after Thurstane Archbishop of Yorke came vnto Roxbourgh called in those dayes Marken to treate for a peace Roxburgh in old time Marken A truce where a truce was concluded for three monethes with condition that the Englishmen should deliuer vp the dominion of Northumberland vnto the lord Henry king Dauid his sonnes But for so muche as this couenant was not performed on king Stephens side King Dauid inuadeth Northumberland king Dauid inuaded that part of the cuntrey which the Englishmen helde making greate slaughter of all them that he found there about to resist him King Stephan passeth vnto Roxbourgh King Stephen moued herewith leuied his people and came in puissant aray vnto Roxborough but for that he had secrete knowledge that some of the nobles in his armie soughte hys destruction King Stephan returneth hee was constrayned to returne without atchieuing of any worthie enterprise The yeare next ensuyng a peace was talked vpon the Archbishops of Cantorbury Yorke appointed commissioners in the treatie therof on the behalfe of king Stephen and the bishops of Glasgewe Aberden and Saint Androws on the partie of king Dauid But Maulde queene of Englande the daughter of Eustace Earle of Boloigne and neece to king Dauid by his sister Marie was the chiefest doer in this matter to bring them to agreement The one of the kings that is to say Stephen lay at Duresme with his nobles and the other that is to say Dauid lay at Newcastell during all the time of this treatie which at length sorted to the conclusion of a peace A peace on these conditions that the counties of Northumberland and Huntingdon shoulde remaine in the gouernement of Henry Prince of Scotland Couenants of agreement as heire to the same by right of his mother But Cumberlande shoulde be reputed as the inheritance and right of his father king Dauid And for these landes and seigniories the forenamed Prince Henry and his successours Princes of Scotlande should doe homage vnto kyng Stephen and his successours kings of England for the tyme being Homage Carleil was repaired by William Rufus K. of England about the yeare of our Lorde 1092. The peace thus ratified betwixt the two kinges and their subiectes kyng Stephen returned into Kent and king Dauid repaired into Cumberland where he fortified the towne of Carleile with new walles and dyches Thus passed the three first yeres of king Stephens reigne In the fourthe yeare came Maulde the Empresse into Englande to clayme the crown therof as in the Englishe historie more playnely may appeare But whylest Englande was sore tormented with warres by contrarye factions of the nobles for the quarelles of those two persones no small sorrow hapned to Scotland for the death of Hērie the prince of that land and onely sonne vnto king Dauid The death of Henry prince of Scotland who died at Kelso and was buried in the Abbey church there in the yeare of our redemption .1152 1152. His death was greatly bemoned aswel of his father the king as of all other the estates and degrees of the realme for such singular vertue and noble conditions as appeared in hym But yet for that he lefte issue behynd him iij. Prince Henry his issue sons and. iij. daughters as before is mencioned the Realme was not thoughte vnprouided of heires The king also being mortified from the world tooke the death of his sonne very paciently The lawe of nature considering that al men are subiect vnto death by the lawe of nature and are sure no longer to remaine here than their day appointed by the eterne determination of him that giueth and taketh away lyfe and breath when pleaseth him as by dayly experience is most manyfest Therfore that king Dauid wayed the losse of his sonne in suche balance it maye appeare by an Oration which hee made to his nobles at what tyme after his sonnes decease they came to comforte hym For he perceyuing them to be ryghte heauie and sorowfull for the losse whiche he and they had susteyned by the death of so towardly a prince that was to haue succeeded him if God had lent him lyfe thereto in the ende of a royall feast the whiche he made vnto those nobles that came thus to visite hym hee beganne in this wyse Howe great your fidelitie and care is whiche you beare towards me An oration although oftētimes heretofore I haue proued it yet this present day I haue receyued most ample fruite therof for now do I plainely see that you lament no lesse for the losse of my late deceassed sonne than if you had buried some one of your own sonnes are therefore come to your great trauaile paine to comfort me whom you esteeme to be sore afflicted for the ouer timely death of my sayde moste obedient sonne but to let passe for this time due yelding of thanks to you for the same till occasion and leysure may better serue thereto this nowe may suffice that I acknowledge myself to be so much beholden to you that what
where they came The spoyle wast destruction and slaughter which the Scottes practised with fire and sword was wonderful to heare and incredible almost to bee tolde they spared neyther yong nor olde Church nor Chappell Religious houses as wel as other were consumed to Ashes The Abbey of Durham spoyled The Abbay of Durham and all places thereabout as the Scottishe wryters affyrme were spoyled and miserably sacked although it was sayde King Dauid was admonished in a dreame that hee shoulde in anye wyse abstayne from violating the goodes and landes pertayning to Sainct Cutbert The Erle of Northumberland Lieutenant of the North vnder king Edward to resist these iniuries The Earle of Northumberland Lieutenant of the north raysed a great power of men and ioyning the same with such bands of old souldiers as king Edwarde had lately sent ouer out of Fraunce for that purpose A Heralde fyrst dispatched an Heralde at armes vnto king Dauid requyring him to stay from further inuading the Countrey and to returne into Scotlande till some reasonable order for a finall peace might be agreed vpon betwixt him and the king his master otherwyse he should be sure to haue battaile to the vtteraunce within three dayes after King Dauid contemning thys message requyred his folkes to make them readie to receyue theyr enimyes if they came to assayle them and on the next morrowe he deuided hys armie into three battayles The appoynting of the Scottish battayles in the fyrst was Robert Steward Prince of Scotlande and Patrike Dunbar Earle of Marche In the seconde were appoynted Iohn Earle of Murrey and William Earle of Dowglas In the thyrde was the King himselfe with all the residue of the Nobles In the morning early before the battayle The Earle of Dowglas chased the Earle of Dowglas departed frō the armie to deserie the English host and to vnderstande their force and order if it were possible but entring somewhat vnwarely within daunger of his enimies he was chased and that to such disaduantage that he lost fiftie or rather fiue hundred as some bookes haue of yong Gentlemen and such other light horsemen as he tooke forth with him escaping verie narowly himselfe also from beyng taken at the chase In the meane season the English host deuided likewyse into three battayles approached forwarde and came wythin syght of the Scottish armie Wherevppon Dauid Graham wyth a wing of fiue hundred well appoynted horsemen gaue a full charge on the skyrtes of the English Archers thinking to haue dystressed them Dauid Graham driuen backe but he was so sharpely receyued and beaten with arrowes that losing a great number of hys men he was constrayned to flee backe to the maine battaile and that not without great daunger of beeing taken in his flight by suche as followed him These two discomfitures notwithstanding the Scots rushed fiercely vpon their enimies and fought with great manhoode a long season but in the ende Robert Stewarde and the Earle of March perceyuing their people partly to shrinke backe caused the retreate to be sounded in hope to saue their men by withdrawing into some sicker place The cause of the ouerthrow but this fleeing barke of the Earle of Marche and Robert Stewarde brought the discomfiture vpon all the residue of the Scots for that battaile of English men that was first marched with thē came now with such violence vppon the maine battail where king Dauid sought that within a short while after the same was vtterly discomfited and put to flight The Scottes discomfited In this businesse king Dauid himselfe did in euery poynt play the part of a most valiant chieftaine encouraging hys people as well wyth woordes as notable examples to doe theyr deuoires King Dauid his valiancie Neyther woulde he flee after he sawe himselfe destitute of all conuenable ayde but stil continued in earnest fight desiring nothing so much as shoulde appeare as death for that he thought nothing more displeasaunt than lyfe after the slaughter of so manye of his Nobles and liege people At length hauing his weapons stricken oute of his handes one Iohn Coplande came vnto him and wylled him to yeelde but he with one of his fistes gaue this Coplande suche a blowe on the mouth King Dauid taken by Iohn Coplande that by force of the Gauntlet he strake out two of his teeth before hee did yeelde vnto him Which Coplande is mysnamed by Iohn Maior and not onely called Couptaunt but also reported by him to be a Gascoigne whereas it is euident by our Hystories that hee was named Coplande and a mere English men But to our purpose The Scottes that fought in the rerewarde had no better successe than the other for that battaile was also broken and put to flight with great slaughter as well of the nobles as other commons besides those that were taken There were slain in this dolorous conflict Nobles slane in this battail the Earle of Murrey the Earle of Stratherne the Conestable the Marshal the Chamberlaine and Chauncelor of Scotlande with a great number of other nobles and commons There were taken with the king fiue Earles Prisoners taken that is to witte Dowglas Fife Sutherlande Wigtoun and Menteith And besydes other great ryches lost in thys fielde the holye Crosse as they call it of holye Roode house was founde vpon king Dauid who bare it about him in trust that by vertue thereof he should be inuincible but he was spoyled both of that and al other his iewels which were found vpon him at the same time This battayle was stryken neare vnto Durham the .xvij. day of October in the yeare 1346. What Countreys and places the Englishe men got after thys victorie ye may read in the English Hystorie In the yeare following the Ballyoll wyth the Earle of Northumberlande made a rode into Louthian and Clyddesdale bringing a greate bootie of goodes and cattaile but of those Countreyes into Galloway The Ballyoll soiourneth i◅ Galloway in which Countrey the Ballyoll abode a long time after At length the Scots recouering thēselues with much paine after the slaughter of so many of their nobles and commons beside the discomfort for the taking of their king Rober Steward gouernor of Scotande chose and appointed Robert Stewarde as gouernor to haue the rule of the realme About the same time William Dowglas the son of Archimbalde Dowglas that was brother vnto good sir Iames Dowglas who as before is sayde was slaine in Spaine returned forth of France and by support of his friends chased the Englishe men out of Douglasdale Countreys recouered out of the Englishe mens hands Tiuydale Twydale Etrike Forest and Twedale Iohn Copland captain of Rokesbourgh to resist such enterprises gathered a number of men came forth against his enimies Iohn Copland chased but receyuing the ouerthrow he was chased into Rokesbourgh againe with losse of diuerse of his men In the yeare next following which was from the
Louthian whilest he lay at Lieth offering themselues to be at the King of Englands commaundement and so were assured from receyuing hurte or domage by the English power The Duke of Somerset hauing remayned at Leith an right dayes and demaunding the Castell of Edenburgh The Englishe 〈◊〉 â—…eturâ—…â—…omeâ—… could not obteyne it departed from thence the eyghtenth of December homewardes the nexte way ouer the Mountaynes of Soutrey comming the thirde day before the Castell of Hume where they dyd so muche by countenancing to win that fortresse that within three or foure dayes after their coÌ„ming thither it was surrendred Hume Castell rendred to the Englishmen This Castell beeing wonne and a garnison left therein to keepe it they remoued to Rockesburgh where within the compasse of the ruinous walles of an olde Castell they builte a forte and after returning into England lefte a conuenient garnison to keepe it They gote also about the same time a stroÌ„g fortnesse called Fast Castell Fast Castell wonne by them standing neere to the Sea syde and placed a garnison within it And moreouer in this meane tyme Broughtie Crag wonne theyr Fleete by Sea wanne the Castell of Broughtie Crag and putte in like manner a garnison within it to keepe the same as in the Englishe Historie it may further appeare and in what sort also all the chiefest Lords and Gentlemen of the Mers and Tiuidale came in and submitted themselues to the Duke of Somerset vpon assurance had and giuen Furthermore whilest the Duke of Somersette with hys armie dyd thus inuade Scotland on the East parte it was ordeyned by the sayde Duke and other of the Counsell to the Kyng of Englande that Mathewe Earle of Lennox and Thomas Lorde Wharton then Warden of the West Marches of Englande should with a power inuade Scotlande on the West syde to the end that there should not any of the West bordures nor Countreys come to assist the Gouernour against the Duke of Somersettes armye but bee driuen to remayne at home to defend their owne Countrey Heerevppon there was an army leuied to the number of fiue thousande footemenne and eyghte hundred light Horsemen with whiche power the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton entring Scotlande the eyght of September encamped the firste night vpon the water of Eske marched the nexte daye through the nether parte of Annandale The Castell of Milke yeelded till they came to the Castell of Milke a fortresse of good strength y e walles being fourteene foote thicke Captain of this Castell was one Io. Steward brother to the Lard thereof who vppon the approch of the Earle of Lennox yeelded the house vnto him withoute any shewe of resistance wherevppon Fergusa Graham brother to Richie Grahame of Eske was appointed with a garnison of Souldiers to keepe that Castell to the vse of the yong King of Englande and was afterwards confirmed Captayne there with fiftie light Horsemen by appoyntmente of the Duke of Sommersette and the Counsell so that during the warres be remayned there to the great annoyance of the Scottes enimies to Englande and preseruation of the Countrey thereaboutes to the King of Englands vse The twentith of September the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton encamped neere to the Towne of Annande and the morrow after approching neerer to the same gaue sommonance vnto the Captaine thereof called Lion of the house of Glames who with an hundred Scottes kept the Churche and steeple of Annand beeyng peeces of themselues verye strong and mightily reenforsed with earth they within therefore refused to yeelde and valiantly defended themselues The greatest peeces of artillerie whych the Englishmen hadde there at that time were certayne double and single Falcons wherewyth they beate only the battlements till they myght with certayne engines approche harde to the walles The Church of Annand vndermined and vndermine the same so as the roofe of the Church was shaken downe and a greate number of them within the Church slayne and crusshed to death Suche as escaped fledde into the Steeple Two of the Englishmen that wroughte aboute the mynes were slayne but at length the Captayne moued by perswasion of the Erle of Lennox to whome hee claymed to bee of kynne The Steeple yeelded rendered the Steeple vnto hym with hymselfe and .96 Scottes Souldyers with condition to haue their lyues onely saued and the Captayne to remayne prisoner and to goe into England Immediately vpon theyr comming forth of the Steeple fyre was giuen to the traines of powder in the mynes and so both the Church and Steeple were blowen vp into the ayre The Church and Steeple of Annand blowen vp with powder and rased downe to the grounde Thys done they brente the Towne after they hadde sacked it and left not a stone standing vppon an other for that the same Towne hadde euer bin a right noysome neyghbour to Englande The Englishmen had conceyued suche spite towardes thys Towne that if they sawe but a peece of timber remayning vnbrente they would cutte the same in peeces with theyr bylles The Countrey heerewith was striken in such feare that the next daye all the Kilpatrickes and the Iordeynes the Lards of Kirkmichel The Scottes that came to assure them selues Apilgirtht Closbourne Howmendes Nuby and y e Irrewings the Belles the Rigges the Murrayes and all the clanes and surnames of the nether part of Annerdale came in and receyued an oth of obeysance as subiectes to the King of Englande deliuering pledges for their assured loyaltie The residue that woulde not come in and submitte themselues hadde theyr houses brent their goodes and cattell fetched away by the Englishe lyghte Horsemen that were sente abrode into the Countrey for that purpose These things thus executed the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton returned backe into Englande wyth theyr prisoners â—…ties and spoyles receyuing greate thankes and commendations by gentle letters of the fyue and twentith of September from the Duke of Somerset then lying at Rockesburgh aboute fortifying of that place The gouernour perceyuing thus that without the assistance of Fraunce hee should not be able to resist the Englishmen hauing now gote such foote hold within the Realme of Scotland The Gouernours suite the Queene Dowager anâ—… to the French Ambassador required the Queene Dowager and Monsieur Doysell Liger Ambassador for the Frenche Kyng to perswade with him by letters to send an army into Scotland to the aide of his frieÌ„ds there The Queene and Monsieur Doysell perceyuing a ready way prepared to bring that to passe which they most desired which was to haue the Queene of Scotlande ordred in all things by the Frenche Kyngs aduice they vndertooke to procure an army out of Fraunce according to the gouernours desire The Queene Dowager pâ—…miseth ayde out of Fraunce with condition if hee wyth the states of the Realme woulde agree that the Queene myghte bee sente into Fraunce and a contract made for hir
Ambition setteth one brother agaynst another 3. 5 Anninus 3. Antragh 78 Ardscollburnt 46 Articles agreed vpon in the counsel at Casshil 10 Arthur Mac Murrow ouercome by Iames erle of Ormond 71 Arthure king of Brytaine had the Irish in subiection and tooke tribute of them 5 Articles of agreement betweene Rotherick Monarke of Ireland and Dermote king of Lunster 23 Arundell Lord of the Stand his yerely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Athessell burnt 57. Athione castell burnt 53 Aylmer Girald chiefe Iustice 99. his conference with king Henrie the eight of the disorder of Irelande 106 B. BAlimore burnt 49 Ballioll Edw. king of Scots doth homage 46 Balram Lord of Enford his yearely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Banchor 12 Barnevale of Beerehauen his yearely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Barnewell Lorde of Trinieston surrendereth the sword to sir William Skeffington 97 Barod Lord of the garde his yearely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Barby Thomas Maior of Dublin 85 Barre Philip. 39 Barre Robert a valiant Gentleman 23 Bard de Nelan an Irish Richmour 93 Bartolenus 1. Barre Robert 23 Bath William of Dollardestowne his wordes 96 Battail of Ardineigh 57. Battail of Knoctone 75 Battaile agaynst the Giants 2 Bedlow Iohn 65. Bedlow of the Roche 80 Bonneuille Iohn 51. Beterley Walter 66 Bignort Alexander Archbishoppe of Dublin â–ª 56. erecteth an Vniuersitie 57 Birmingham Walter his notable act 65 Birmingham Iohn vanquisheth the Scottes 57 is made erle of Louth 57 is made L. iustice 58 Birmingham Peter 50 Birminghams famous captaines 57 Bisset Hugh 55 Bishops how they were elected 20. maryed Byshops 13 Bithi one of the first finders out of Ireland 1 Blanchfield a Citizen of Dublin slaine 7â—… Blake Iohn Maior of Dublin 75 Boice his wordes to the Erle of Kildare 7â—… Bothum William Archbishop of Dublin 47 Boureate castle 60. Bounaght 74 Brennus king of Brytaine called into Ireland 4 Brewse Philip. 31. Bren Obren 60 Brendan Abbot 12 Brereton William knight landeth with his souldiours 90. sommoneth the castell of Maynoth scaleth the walles and aduaunceth his standarâ—… on the highest turret 97. hee is left to defende Dublyn against the rebels 99. skirmisheth with the rebelles 100 Brytayne Iohn Erle of Richmonde Lord Warden of Scotlande 50 Britons when first they entred Ireland 4 Bride Saint hir life 11 Broughtâ—…n Thomas knight 75 Bruce Edwarde brother to the king of Scottes inuadeth Irelande and causeth himselfe to bee crowned king 52. his actes there 53.55 slaine at the battaile of Ardmagh 57 Bruce Robert king of Scottes landeth in Irelande â—…4 Bruce Robert 52 Burgh William 70 Burgh Thomas 60.65 Burghes and Birminghams 54 Burgh William 51.55 Burgh Rich. erle of Vlster besiegeth Athlone 46. is taken prisoner 47. inuadeth Scotland 48 Burkeyns 67 Burnell Iohn of Balgriffin 9â—… executed at Tyburne 99 Butler Iames eldest sonne to the Erle of Ossory his letter to the Lorde Fitz Gâ—…ralde 91. hee is wounded by the rebels 93 Butler Iames Earle of Ormonde marcheth to Dublin with a great power 77. is pursued by the Citizens into Saint Patrickes church 78 his description ibid. Butler Iames Lorde of Ormonde vanquisheth Omore and his horrible armie 71. his famous exploytes 7â—… Butlers fauourers of the house of Lancaster 4 Butler Piers Erle of Ossorie marieth Margaret sister to the erle of Kildare 79. slayeth Iames a bastard Butler ibid. is appoynted Lord deputie 80. accuseth the erle of Kildare 83 Butler Edmonde his exploytes 52.55 Butler Thomas 59 Butler Walter made Erle of Vlster 44.45 Butler Theobalde 44 Butler Iames knight Lord Treasorer â—…5 C. CAlfe Henrie 49 Caltropes straweâ—… by the Irish to annoy the Danes at their landing 17 Cannon Thomas 90 Carew .63 the Marques Caro his yearely reuenues 68 Cardinals sent to king Henrie the seconde â—â— Carausius 8 Caraticus king of Britaine 14 Cashels spoyled by the Scottes 55 Cotesbach Eustace Chamberlaine of ScotlaÌ„d 50 Catholicus Archbishop of Thomond 30 Catherlaghe 64 Cathgur Oconthir king of Connagh 45 Cantreb what it is and by whome inuâ—…aded 3 Canute slaine at the siege of Dublin 18 Caâ—…nton Dauid knight 4â—… Caucocke Thomas L. Chancellour of Irelande coÌ„secrated vi of Imaley kepeth a great feast 49 Celestine 9 Celsus bishop of Ardmagh 12 Cenanus first a man of warre then a bishop 12 Cesara nece to Noe first finder out of Ireland 1 Charter of Ireland confirmed by Parliament 67 Christian bishop of Lismore summoneth a prouinciall counsaile in Ireland 20 Christ church steeple in Dublin quite burnt 46 Citrius Prince of Dublin 46 Clare Thomas sine Obrenroth king of Tholethmond 45. dyeth 46 Clare Richard discomfiteth Richard earle of Vlster with a great armye 51. slayeth 600. of the Galagheghas ibid is slaine 56 Clergie denounceth cursing agaynst the breakers of their allegiance to the king of England 35 Clentars field 19. Cocherings 74 Cogan Miles a valiant knight captaine of Dublin repulseth the enimies from the siege thereof 26. his good seruice in the ciuill warres agaynst king Henrie the seconde 37. is ioyned in commission with William Fitz Aldelme lieutenant of Ireland ibid. trayterously slaine 39 Cogan Richard 39. Cokesey Hugh 70 Colton Iohn Archbishop of Ardmagh 66 Colmolm castel taken 72. Commissioners sent into Irelande to examine the controuersies betweene the Earles of Kildare and Ossorie 81 Commissioners sent into Irelande by king Henrie the second 35 Combat 71 Comyn Iordayne slayeth Maritagh Oconguir king of Offalie 48 Combat chalenged by certain French knights 42 Commissioners sent into Ireland â–ª to examin such as were suspected with the Lord Fitz Giralde his rebellion 104 Contention for preheminence of churches 40.51 Con Oneale beareth the sworde before the Lorde deputie 81 Conereth a sauage people of Ireland 12 Conthurus 23 Conway Iohn knight president of Vlster 11 Corbi what it signifieth 67 Corke the reuenues of the Baronies within the same 68. wasted by Reymond le Grace with the English armie 36 Cormacke Mack Dermote Mack Rori ioyneth with the Lorde Iustice and vanquisheth Odonill the Irish enimie 44 Councell at Grenocke 45 Councell of the cleargie holden at Cashill 30 Countesse of Vlster a cruell woman 61 Cowes belly 100 Cowly Robert Baylife of Dublin after maister of the Rolles in Ireland 90 Crauley Thomas Archbishop of Dublin a great benefactor his death and description 70 Cragfergus besieged by the Scottes and yelded to them 55 Cromuder primate of Ardmagh 85. his description 91. his good exhortation to the Lorde Fitz Girald at his reuolting 92 Crauly Thomas Archbishop of Dublin chosen Lord Iustice 69 Crathlinth king of Scottes 8 Croftes Hugh 56 Cumin Archbishoppe of Dublin 40. buildeth the kings castell there 44. he foundeth S. Patricks church 44 Curcy Iohn conquereth Vlster 38. his fiue battails ibid he rebelleth and is taken 42. his stout answere to king Iohn ibid. his act before king Iohn the French k. his death descriptioÌ„ 43 Curcy Lord of Kelbretton his reuenues 68 Cusacke
vpon Saint Laurence day caused all the corne in the Countrey about and namely that which belonged to the sayd Abbay to be spoyled and brought into a Castell which he had in keeping not far froÌ„ thence Eustace king Stephens son and Simon Earle of Northamton depart this life both in one weeke But as he sat down to meat the same day vpoÌ„ receiuing the first morsel he fell mad as writers haue reported miserably ended his life The same week of a like disease Simon Erle of NorthaÌ„pton departed this world so two of the chiefest aduersaries which Duke Henrie had were rid out of the way Eustace was buried at Feuersam in Kent erle Simon at NorthaÌ„pton The Earlr of Chester deceasseth About the same time also that noble valiaÌ„t erle of Chester called Ranulf departed this life a maÌ„ of such stoutnesse of stomacke y t vneth might death make him to yeeld or shewe any token of feare He was poisoned as was thought by William Peuerell And whereas king Stephen was the cause of all the troubles in hauing vsurped an other mannes rightfull inheritaunce it pleased God to moue his hart now at leÌ„gth to couet peace which he had euer before abhorred The cause that moued him chiefly to chaunge his former purpose was for that his sonne Eustace by speedie death was taken out of this worlde as before yee haue heard which losse seemed great not onely to the father but also to al those Lords and other which had euer taken his parte bycause he was a yong man so well lyked of all men The Ladie Constance 〈◊〉 to Eustace 〈◊〉 home that he was iudged to be borne to all honour But his wife CoÌ„stance aboue measure tooke his death moste sorowfully and the more indeede for that shee had brought forth no issue by him wherevpon she was shortly after sente honourably home to hir father King Lewes with hir dower other rich and princely gyftes King Stephen therefore seeing him depriued of his onely sonne vnto whome hee mynded to leaue the kingdome which he so earnestly sought establish to him by warlyke trauaile and that againe the French kings ayde woulde not bee so readie as heretofore it had beene wherevpon he much stayed nowe that the bondes of affinitie were abolished he began then a length although not immediatly vpo his sonnes deceasse to withdraw his minde from fantasying the warre and enclyned it altogither to peace King Stephen began to encline his mind to peace which inclination being perceyued those Nobles that were glad to see the state of their Countrey quieted did theyr best to further it namely the Archbishop of Canterbury Theobald Mat. Par. trauailed ernestly to bring the princes to some agreement now talking with the king now sending to the duke vsing al meanes possible to make theÌ„ both at one Ger. Do. The Bishop of Winchester also that had caused all the trouble vpon consideration of the great calamities wherwith the land was most miserably afflicted began to wish an end thereof Whervpon the lordes spirituall temporall were called togither at Winchester about the latter end of NoueÌ„ber that they might also with their consentes confirme that which the king and duke should conclude vpon An assembly of Lordes at Winchester Thus was there a publike assemble made in the citie of Winchester whither also duke Henrie came and being ioyfully receyued of the king in the Bishops Palace they were made friendes the king admitting the duke for his sonne the duke the king for his father A peace concluded betwixt the king and the duke And so the agreemeÌ„t which through the careful suite of the Archbishop of CaÌ„terburie had beene with such diligence to good effect laboured was now confirmed The chief articles whereof were these That king Stephen during his naturall life should remaine king of England Some writers haue recorded that duke HeÌ„rie should presently by this agreement enâ—…oy hâ—…lfe the realm of Englande that HeÌ„rie the Empresses sonne shoulde enioy the dukedome of Normandie and further be proclamed heyre apparant to succeede in the kingdome and gouernment of Englande after the deceasse of Stephen Moreouer such noble men other which had taken either the one partie or the other during the time of the ciuill warres should be in no daunger for the same but enioy theyr lands possessions liuings according to their auncient rightes and titles There was also consideration had of a sonne whiche King Stephen had named William who though hee were very yong was yet appoynted to sweare fealtie vnto duke Henrie as lawfull heyre to the crowne The same William had the Citie of Norwich diuerse other landes assigned him for the maintenance of his estate that by the consent and agreement of duke HeÌ„rie his adopted brother Moreouer it was concluded that the king should resume take into his hands againe all those portions and parcels of inheritance belonging to the crowne as he had giuen away or were otherwise vsurped by any maner of person and that all those possessions which by any intrusion had beene violently taken froÌ„ the right owners fith the dayes of king Henrie shoulde bee again restored to them that were rightly possessed in the same by the dayes of the aforesayd king Moreouer it was agreed Mat. Par. Castels to be rased in number .1115 that all those Castels which contrarie to all reason and good order had beene made and builded by any maner of person in the dayes of King Stephen shoulde be ouerthrowne and cast downe whiche in number were founde to bee .xj. hundred and fiftene The king also vndertooke to refourme all such misorders as the warre had brought in as to restore fermers to their holdings to repayre the decayed buyldisss to store the pastures and leassues with cattell the hilles with sheepe to see that the Cleargie might enioy theyr due quietnesse and not to be oppressed with any vndue exactions to place Sherifes where they had beene accustomed to beare rule with instructions giuen to them to deale vprightly in causes so as offenders might not escape through brybes or any other respect of friendship but that euery man might receyue according to right and equitie that which was his due That Souldiers shoulde conuert theyr swords as Esay sayth into Culters and plough shares theyr Speares into Mattockes and so returne from the campe to the plough and suche as were wont to keepe watche in the night season might now sleepe and take theyr rest without any daunger That the husbande man might bee relieued of all vexation and that Marchant men and occupiers might enioy theyr trade of occupying to theyr aduauncement one kind and maner of siluer coyne to runne through the lande so as the war that had continued now for the space of .xvij. yeares might in this sort bee brought to ende and fully pacified These things being thus concluded at Winchester the king tooke
thither though he was earnestly called vpon for the same Hys estimation was such amongst forraine Princes that Phillip King of Fraunce beeing newly entred into the gouernemente of that Realme after his fathers decesse committed himselfe and hys Kingdome to the disposition and order of Kyng Henry as if he had bin regent of his Realme and gouernour of his person There lyued in the dayes of this King Henry the seconde diuers honorable personages Captaynes of great fame for their approoued valiancie and experience in warlike enterprises as Roberte Earle of Leicester Hugh Biger Earle of Northfolke Reginald Earle of Cornewale Robert Ferers Earle of Derby Richard Lacy Roger Mowbray Raufe de Fulgiers Humfrey Bohun Connestable of England Ranulf Glandeuille William Vescy and Bernard de Balliol â—…le Also there flourished in his time heere in thys land men of singular learning in artes and sciences as Nicholas Breakespeare Serlo surnamed Grammaticus William Rheualensis Adam de Euesham Thomas of Munmouth Adelbertus Leuita Geruasius Cicestrensis Odo CaÌ„tianus Ealred Rhieuellensis Iohannes Sarisburiensis Clemens Lanthoniensis Walter Daniel Robert Knought alias Camtus Roberte Folioth William Ramsey Senatus Brauonus Robert the Scribe Odo Miremuth Hugh of Readyng Richard of Douer WilliaÌ„ of Peterburgh Cicerciensis Bartholmew Iscanus and Gilberte de Sempringham with other And heere to make an ende with this high and mighty Prince Henry the secoÌ„d I haue thought good to make you partaker of an Epitaph which wee fynde in Mathew Paris and others written of hym as followeth An Epitaph of King Henry the seconde REx Henricus eram mihi plurima regnaÌ„ subegi Multiplicique modo duxque comesque fui Cui satis ad votum non essent omnia terrae Climata terra modò sufficit octo pedum Qui legis haec pensa discrimina mortis indè Humanae specula conditionis habe Quod potes instanter operate bonum quia mundus Transit incautos mors inopina rapit An other TVmuli regis superscriptio breuis exornat Sufficit hic tumulus cui non sufficerat orbis Res breuis est ampla cui fuit ampla breuis The first is thus Englished OF late King Henry was my name I. H. whiche conquerde many a lande And diuers Dukedomes did possesse and Earledomes held in hande And yet while all the earth could scarce my greedy mind suffice Eight foote within the ground now serues wherein my carcas lyes Now thou that readest this note well my force with force of death And let that serue to shew the state of all that yeeldeth breath Do good then here foreslowe no time cast off all worldly cares For brittle world full soone doth fayle and death doth strike vnwares The other thus SMall Epitaph now serues to decke this tombe of stately King L. H. And he who whilome thought whole earth could scarce his minde content In little roome hath roome at large that serues now life is spente Richarde the firste An. reg 1. RIcharde the firste of that name and seconde sonne of Henry the second beganne hys raigne ouer England the sixth day of Iuly in the yeare of oure Lord. 1189 1189. in the seuen and thirtith yeare of the Emperour Frederick the first in the eleuenth yere of the raigne of the second Phillip K. of Fraunce VVil. Par. and Kyng William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the gouernement of Scotland Mat. Paris At leÌ„gth King Richard remembring himselfe of his mother Queene Eleanor which had beene separated from the bed of hir husband for the space of sixteene yeres and was as yet deteyned in prison in Englande wrote his letters vnto the Rulers of the Realme The King mother set at libertie commaunding them to set hir agayne at libertie and withall appoynted hir by his letters pateÌ„ts to take vpon hir the whole gouernement of the Kingdome in his absence The Queene being thus deliuered and hauing nowe the chiefe authoritie and rule in hir hands she rode in progresse about the Realme to see y e estate therof and as shee passed froÌ„ place to place she shewed gladsome countenance to the people wheresoeuer she became doing also what she could to pleasure theÌ„ that she might therby win their good willes to hir and to hir sonne but specially remembring by hir late experience and tast thereof what an irksome and most greeuous thing imprisonmente was she caused the iayles to be opened and forthwith set no small number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed through the couÌ„treys according to the verse of Virgill Non ignara mali miseris suceurrere disco Which may be thus englished By proofe earst had of others ill Their woe to ease I learne the skill In the meane time King Richard concluding a league with Phillippe King of Fraunce receyueth all those places againe which were taken froÌ„ his father by the same Phillip togither with his wife Adela whom vpon suspition that she had bin dishonested in hir person before without any sufficient proofe therof had he forsaketh sendeth hir home with hir dower and otherwise with greate and princely giftes most bountifully enriched hauing already concluded a marriage with the Lady Berengaria daughter to Garsias Kyng of Nauarre who was sente into Sicill vnto hir syster Ioane that hee mighte marry hir there as hee passed that way toward the holy lande Moreouer vnto William Marshall he gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard Erle of Chepstow togither with the Earledome which hir father possessed and to Gilbert Fitz Roger the son of Ramfrey he gaue the daughter of William de Loncaster After he was landed as before ye haue heard he hasted to Winchester where his mother Queene Eleanor with the most part of the English nobilite hadde layne a good space to attende his comming and there on the euen of the assumption of our Lady the King was by them receyued with great ioy and triumph VVi. Paruus Vpon this day of King Richards CoronatioÌ„ the Iewes y t dwelt in LondoÌ„ and in other parties of the Realm being there assembled had but sory hap as it chanced for they meaning to honor the same Coronation with their presence and to present to the K. some honorable gift The Iewes meant to preâ—…ent him with 〈◊〉 rich gifte whereby they might declare themselues glad for his aduauncement and procure his friendship toward them for the confirming of their priuiledges and liberties according to the grauntes and charters made to them by the former Kings King Richard of a zelous minde to Christes Religion Math. Paris abhorring their nation and doubting some sorcerie by them to be practised commaunded that they should not come within the Church when he should receyue the Crowne nor within the Palace whilest hee was at dinner But at dinner time among other that pressed in at the Palace gate diuers of the Iewes were about to thrust in till one of them was striken by
cost the Archbishop right deerely in feasting and banquetting them and theyr traynes At one dinner it was reported be spent at the first course .lx. fat Oxen. At request of the king of Scottes the king of England receyued agayne into fauour Philip Lunell or rather Luvell as I take it one of his counsaile against whom he had conceiued displeasure in the yere last past for such bryberie as he was thought to be guiltie of for to shewe fauour to the Iewes The king of Scottes when he should depart tooke his leaue in most courteous maner and led with him his new maried wife Sir Robert Norice sir Stephen Bauzan on whom attended sir Robert Norice knight marshall of the kings house and sir StepheÌ„ Bausan and also the Ladie Maude the widow of the Lorde William Cantlow with other An exceeding great wind On the octaues of the Epiphany chanced an exceeding great wind which did much hurt in diuerse places of the realm The B. of Rochester returning froÌ„ the court of Rome The Bishop of Rochesters bul brought w t him a bul authorising him to receyue to his owne vse the .v. part of the reuenues of al y e beneficed men within his dioces The Gasâ—…coignes make warre against the English subiects In this meane while the erle of Leycester remaining in EnglaÌ„d the Gascoignes made sore war against such as he had left behind him withal gaue information to the K. that the Erle of Leycester was a traytor one y t had spoiled the kings subiects And furthermore by his vniust dealings had giueÌ„ to the Gascoignes cause of rebellioÌ„ The K. to boult out the truth of this matter sent first his chaplaine HeÌ„rie WinghaÌ„ afterwards sir Nic. de Moles de Valence as coÌ„missioners to enquire of y e erles doing who weÌ„t returned w tout finding any manifest crime in y e erles demenor The erle was much offended that his innocency shuld be thus suspected But at length being appoynted to returne into Gascoigne he obeyed and hauing a great summe of money he reteyned a power of men of warre aswell French men as other and meaning to bee reuenged of those that had giuen the information agaynst him The Earle of Leycester dauÌ„teth his enimies he strengthned himselfe with the ayde of the king of Nauarre and of the Earle of Bigorre and other so that hee oppressed his aduersaries on eche hande and so abated their pride that if they conueniently had might they would haue yelded themselues to some other prince and vtterly haue renounced the King of Englande for euer A straunge wonder of the newe Moone The .xiij. day of March the newe moone was seene where the prime chaunge by natural course should not haue beene tyll the .xvj. day following and for the space of .xv. dayes that then next ensued the Sunne the Moone and Starres appeared of a red colour And herewith the whole face of the earth seemed as it had beene shadowed with a thicke myst or smoke the winde notwithstanding remayning North and Northeast And herewith began a sore drought coÌ„tinuing a long time the which togither with morning frosts and Northerly windes destroyed the fruites and other growing things which were blasted in suche wise that although at the first it was a very forwarde yeare and great plentie towardes of corne and fruite yet by the meanes aforesayd the same was greatly hindered and specially in the Sommer season when the Sunnes heat increased and the drought still continued The residue of suche fruites as then remayned withered away so that vneth a tenth part was left and yet there was indifferent store For if the abundaunce which the blossomes promised had come forwarde the trees had not bene able to haue borne the same The grasse was so burned vp in pastures medowes A great drought that if a man tooke vp some of it in his hands and rubbed the same neuer so little it streight fell to poulder and so cattel were redie to sterue through lacke of meate and bycause of the exceeding hote nightes there was such abundance of fleas flies and gnattes that people were vexed and brought in case to be wearie of their liues And herewyth chaunced many diseases Many diseases raigned as sweates agues and other And in the Haruest tyme there fell a great death or murreyn amongst cattell A murreyn of cattaile and specially in Norffolke in the fennes and other parties of the South The infection was such that dogs and rauens feeding on the dead carraynes swelled streight wayes and dyed so that the people durst eate no biefe least the flesh happely might be infected Also this was noted not without great wonder that yong heyfers and bullockes followed the mylche kine and as it had beene calues sucked the same kine Also Apple trees and Peare trees now after the time of yeelding their ripe fruite began againe to blossome as if it had beene in Aprâ—… The cause of the death of cattell was thought 〈◊〉 come hereof The 〈◊〉 the catteâ—… After so great a drougth which haâ—… continued by all the space of the monethes of Aprill May Iune and Iuly when there folowed good plentie of raine the earth began to yeelde hiâ—… encrease most plentiously of all growing things though not so wholsome nor of such kindly substance as in due time and season shee is accustomed to bring forth and so the cattell which before was hungerstaruen fed now so greedily of thys newe grasse sprung vp in vndue season that they were sodenly puffed vp with fleshe and such vnnaturall humors as bredde infections amongest them whereof they dyed The Bishop of Lincolne would haue enforced all the beneficed men within his dioces to bee Priests but they purchased a licence from Rome The 〈…〉 to remaine at the Vniuersities for certain yeares without taking the order of Priesthoode vpon them The king meaning to go as he pretended into the holy land had graunt of the Pope to leuie a tenth of his subiects both spirituall and temporal The Câ—… coâ—… to coâ—… of the 〈◊〉 Leyâ—… The Earle of Leycester aduertised thereof followed him and comming to the Court found the Archbishop readie to aduouche the information which he had made agaynst the sayde Earle chiefely in that he had sought the destruction of those whome the Earle of Cornewall when hee was ruler there had graunted life and peace and whome sir Henrie Trubleuile and Waleran the Teutchman late Stewardes of Gascoigne vnder the king had cherished and mainteyned Many other things the Archbishoppe charged him with the which the Erle wittily refelled and disproued â—…e Erle disâ—…reth the â—…gations of accusers so as he was allowed in his iustification by those that stoode by as the Erle of Cornwall and others â—…e Bishop of â—…colnes auâ—…rine to inâ—…re Vicars Churches â—…opriate The Bishop of Lincolne got authoritie of the Pope to institute Vicarages in Churches impropriate to
Iohn de Vienne and al the other captains and menne of name were stayed as prysoners and the common souldiers and other meane people of the Towne were licenced to depart and voyde theyr houses leauing all their armor and ryches behinde them The king would not haue any of the olde inhabitantes to remaine in the towne saue onely a Priest and two other auncient personages such as best knew the customes lawes and ordinaunces of the towne He appoynted to sende ouer thither amongest other English men there to inhabite .xxxvj. Burgesses of London Calais made a colonie of Englishmen and those of the wealthiest sort for he ment to people the towne only with Englishe men for the better and more sure defence thereof The King and the Queene were lodged in the Castell and continued there tyll the Queene was deliuered of a daughter named Margaret The Queene brought to â—…ed in the Caâ—…el of Calais Polidor The Cardinals of whom ye heard before being come as Legates from Pope Clement to moue communication of peace did so much in the matter that a truce was graunted betwixte the realme of England and Fraunce for the tearme of .xij. monethes or two yeares as Froissart hath But the English Chronicle Caxton â—…ames Mair 〈◊〉 and Iacobus Meir seeme to agree that this truce was taken but for nine monethes though afterwards the same was proroged Women harde 〈◊〉 agree To the which truce all parties agreed Brytayne excepted for the two women there would not be quieted but still pursued the warre the one agaynst the other After that this truce was accorded the king with the Queene hys wyfe returned into Englande and lefte for Captayne wythin Calais one Sir Amerie of Pauie an Italian Knight Sir Amerie de Pauie or as other Bookes haue he was but Captayne of the Castell or of some one of the Towers of that towne whiche seemeth more lyke to be true than that the king shoulde commyt the whole charge of the Towne vnto hys gouernment beeing a straunger borne and therefore Iacobus Meir is the more to be credited that writeth how sir Amerie of Pauie was left but in charge with the Castell onely and that the towne was committed to the keeping of the Lorde Iohn Beauchampe and Lewes his brother But fow that there was a peace thus concluded betwixt the two kings 1348 Thom. VVals it seemed to the Englishe people that the Sunne brake forth after a long clowdie season by reason both of the greate plentie of all things and remembraunce of the late glorious victories for there were fewe women that were housekeepers within this lande but they had some furniture of household that had beene brought to them out of Fraunce as part of the spoyle got in Caen Calais CareÌ„ten or some other good towne And beside householde stuffe the English Maydes and Matrones were bedecked and trymmed vppe in Frenche womens Iewels and apparell so that as the French women lamented for the losse of those things so our women reioysed of the gaine In this .xxij. yeare An. Reg. 22. Great raine from mydsommer vnto Christmasse for the more part it continually rained so that there was not one day and night drie togither by reason whereof great flouds ensued and the ground therwith was sore corrupted and many inconueniences ensued as great sicknesse and other insomuch that in the yeare following in Fraunce the people dyed wonderfully in dyuerse places In Italy also 1349 An. reg 43. A great mortalitie and in many other Countreys as well in the landes of the Infidels as in ChristeÌ„dom this grieuous mortalitie raigned to the great destruction of people About the ende of August the like death beganne in dyuerse places of Englande and especially in London continuing so for the space of a twelue month following And vpon that ensued great barrennesse as well of the sea as the lande Dearth neyther of them yeelding such plentie of things as before they had done Wherevpon vittaile and corne became scant and hard to come by Aboute the same time died Iohn Stretforde Archbishop of Canterburie after whome succeeded Iohn Vfforde and liued not in that dignitie past ten monethes and then followed Thomas Bredwardin who deceassed within one yere after his coÌ„secration so y t then SimoÌ„ Islep was coÌ„secrated Archb. by Pope Clem. y e .vj. being the .liij. archb y t had sit in that seat Within a while after W. Archb. of York died in whose place succeeded Iohn Torsby being the .xliiij. Archbishop that had gouerned that Church Moreouer in this .xxiij. yere of king Edwards raigne the great mortalitie in England still continuing A practice to betray Calice there was a practise in hand for the recouering againe of Calice to the French kings possession The Lorde Geffray of Charnye lying in the towne of S. Omers did practise with sir Amerie de Pauie to be receyued into the towne of Calice by the Castell secretly in the night season The Italian gaue eare to the Lord Geffrey hys sute and to make few wordes couenanted for the summe of .xx. M. crownes to betray the towne vnto him in such sort as he coulde best deuise Here writers varie Diuersitie in writers for Froissart sayth that king Edwarde had information thereof before that sir Amerie de Pauie vttered the thing himselfe but the French Chronicles and also other writers affirme that the Italian aduertised the king of all the drift and matter betwixt him and the Lorde Geffrey of Charny before he wente through with the bargaine â—…aâ—…n But whether by him or by other truth it is the king was made priuie to the matter at Hauering Bower in Essex where hee kept the feast of Christmasse and therevpon departing from thence Froissart he came to Douer and the day before the night of the appoyntment made for the deliuerie of the Castell of Calice hauing secretely made his prouision he tooke shipping and landed the same night at Calice 〈◊〉 kinâ—… seâ—…reâ—… 〈◊〉 passeth 〈◊〉 to Calice in so secrete maner that few of the towne vnderstoode of his arriuall hee brought with him out of England three hundred men of armes and six hundred archers whom hee â—…ayde in Chambers and towers within the castel so closely that â—…we or none perceyued it the maner he knewe by sir Amerie de Pauie his aduertisements accordingly as it was agreed betwixt them that the Lorde Geffrey of Charny was appoynted to come and enter the towne that nyght The L. Geffrey de Charnâ—…y for the king had commaunded sir Amerie to proceede in marchandising with the sayd Lord Charny and onely to make him prinie of the day and houre in the which the feate shoulde bee wrought 〈…〉 The Lorde Geffrey de Charny being couenanted that he shoulde bee receyued into Calice the first night of the newe yeare departed from Saint Omers where hee hadde assembled fiue hundred Speares the last day of December towarde
set forth fiftie horsemen as though there had beene no mo within the Castell The Erle perceyuing this sent forth sir Randolfe Standish to encounter them hauing with him an hundred horses The Frenchmen tought couragiously a while and sodainly came out all the remnant and slue sir Randolfe Standish and all his companie and boldly set on the Erle and his hande which manfully resisted the French men till at length the Hyre caused three Culuerings to be shotte off amongst the Englishmen whereof one strake the Earle on the ancle and so brake his legge that for payne he fell from his horse Then the French menne entered amongest the Englishenne tooke the Earle lying on the grounde wyth Sir Rycharde Wooduile and sixe score moe and there were slaine almoste two hundred The residue saued themselues as well as they might The Earle was caryed to Beauays where of his hurt he shortly dyed and was buried in the Frier Minors He was a man of syngular vertue constancy and grauitie whose death in so troublous a season did sore appall the heartes of the Englishe people Thus did mightie Mars oftentymes chaunge his variable countenaunce so that one tyme the English menne got by assault and yeelding dyuerse strong Townes Castelles and Pyles and at another season the Frenche people somtime by bargaine sometyme by assault obteyned the same againe or other in their steede Aboute the Moneth of Iune in this twelfth yeare Iohn Duke of Bourbon and Auuergne taken prisoner at the battayle of Agineourt .xviij. yeares past as before ye haue heard nowe paying his raunsome whiche was eightene thousande pounde sterling was taken with a moste sore and grieuous Feuer the which made an and of his lyfe in the Citie of London The Duke of Bourbon dyeth at LondoÌ„ the same daye that was appoynted for his departure towarde Fraunce whose corps was enterred in the gray Friers of the same Citie So thus maye euerye creature see howe man purposeth Continuatioâ—… Chro. of Flau. and God disposeth This yeare also about the latter end of May â–ª was an enteruiew appoynted to be had at Saint Omers betwixt the Dukes of Bedford Burgoigne for the qualifying of certaine displeasures and grudges betwixt them kindled and mainteyned by some flattering taletellers which feyning things of reproche touching highly theyr honors bredde suche grudges that all loue betwixte them ceassed all affynitye was forgotten and all olde familiaritie was drawned through disdayne in the bottomlesse caue of Obliuyon Suche a pestilent breathe hath flatterye and suche myschiefe ensueth of Princes lyght credence These two Dukes being come to the towne of S. Omers the duke of Bedford being Regent of France and sonne brother and vncle to kings thought that the Duke of Burgoigne shoulde haue come and visited him in hys lodging The Duke of Burgoigne on the other parte being Lorde and soueraigne of the Towne iudged it not meete to goe to hym where hee was lodged but was content by intreatie of friendes to meete him in a place indifferente betweene both theyr lodgings which offer was not accepted and so both parties departed discontent and neuer after sawe nor communed togither Thus by the prowde disdeyne and enuious discorde of these two highe stomacked Princes Bedforde not mynding to haue any Peere and Burgoigne not willing to abyde any superiour shortly after Englande loste and Burgoigne gayned not long as by the sequele maye appeare An. reg 13. The Bastarde of Orleans called the Earle of Dunoys the Lorde Rochforde Marshall of Fraunce with other in the beginning of thys thirtenth yeare tooke the Towne of Saint Denys by treason skyrmished with them of Paris and leauing behynde them a great garnison tooke the Towne of Howdone and Pont S. Maxence by composition And at the same tyme was the towne of Pont Meulan taken by the sodaine sealing of two fyshermen which entred vp at a coÌ„mon priuie standing in the wall Thus as yee maye perceyue the warre was continually pursued betwixte these two mightye Nations Englishe and Frenche within the Realme of Fraunce beeing as it were the lystes within the which they had appoynted to trye the game so that no Countrey in the worlde was thought more miserable than the same And though the poore people and Inhabitantes of the good Townes and Villages susteyned most losse in theyr substaunce The fruites of warre yet the menne of warre oftentymes payed deare for theyr chieuance being dayly slaine wounded and taken prisoners and that on both partes as the chaunce of warre accustomably falleth out At length when sacietie of slaughter aboundaunce of murders remembraunce of losse of goodes and expences had somewhat softened the stonie beaâ—…tes of these loftie stomacked people so that eyther parte was desirous of peace yet the one disdained openly to offer it and the other priuately to receyue it The crye and noyse of this detestable warre was blasted throughe Christendome but specially the bruyte thereof was greate at Basile where the generall Councell was as then holden the Emperour Albert and all the Princes of Christendome beeing present there eyther in persone or by theyr procuratours for the abholishing of the Scisme that then continued in the Churche of Rome for this indubitate Pope Wherefore the Emperour and the temporall Princes 1435 supposing the exhortation of spirituall Fathers shoulde muche profite to the quieting of the stryfe betwixt the Realmes of England and Fraunce desyred Eugenie then Pope to bee a mediatour betwixt them And one thing put them in good hope of some good conclusion bycause the Duke of Bourgoigne was wylling so that it were not of hys owne suyte to returne reconcile himselfe with the French King his mortall enimie and auncient aduersarie Herevpon by authoritie of this generall Councell two discrete persons A solempe treatie of peace 〈◊〉 Arras the Cardinals of the holy Crosse and Cypres came to the towne of Arras in Arthoys whither were sent from the King of Englande Henrie Beauforde Cardinal of Winchester Henrie Archbishop of Yorke William de la Poole Earle of Suffolke and Iohn Hollande Earle of Huntingdon with dyuerse other Knights and Esquiers And for the French king were there present Charles Duke of Bourbon Lewes Earle of Vandosme Arthure of Brytayne Conestable of Fraunce the Archbishop of Reimes and sir Philip Harecourt The duke of Burgoigne was there in proper person accompanied with the duke of Guelders and the Erles of Estampes Lygny S. Paule Vandemont Neures and Daniel sonne to the Prince of Orange with a great gard and a gallant companie Vpon the day of the first session the Cardinal of S. Crosse declared to the three parties the innumerable mischiefes that had followed to the whole state of the christen coÌ„mon welth by theyr continual dissention and dayly discord exhorting them for the honour of God and for the loue which they ought to beare towards the aduancement of his fayth and true religion to conforme themselues to reason and to
cleane rased Wherat the king taking great ioy presently called to certain of the Lordes of the counsel that were by and sayd How say you my Lords Chatillons garden the new forte is layd as flat as this floore One streight amongst them gaue iudgement That he â—…as had done it was worthy to lose his headâ—… The king streight replyed he had rather lost a dozen such he 〈◊〉 as his was thaâ—… so iudged 〈…〉 such seruants as had done it And herew t he coÌ„manded y t the L. Greys pardon shuld â—…ly be made y e which with a letter of great â—…kes and promise of rewarde was returned by the sayd sir Thomas Palmer to the sayd Lord Grey but the reward fayled the king not continuyng long after in lyfe the like happeÌ„ wherof had oftentymes happened vnto diuers of his worthie auncestors vpon their due desertes to haue bin considered of and therfore the cafe the lesse straunge This haue I set downe the more willyngly for that I haue receiued it from them which haue herd it reported not only by the L. Greys owne mouthe but also by the relation of Syr Thomas Palmer and others that were present The same not tendyng so muche to the Lord Greys owne prayse as to the betokening of the kings noble courage and the great secret trust which he worthyly reposed in the sayde Lord Grey Here is to be noted also least any man shuld mistake the matter as if the K. dealt indirectly herein that his Maiestie knowyng howe the Frenchmen in goyng about to buyld this fort did more than they might by the couenaÌ„ts of y e peace therfore was resolued at the first aduertisement thereof to haue it rased But yet for y t it might haply haue bin signified ouer vnto the freÌ„chmen before my L. Grey could haue accoÌ„plished the feate he therfore wisely wrote one thing in his letters whervnto many might be priuie sent secrete knowledge by words contrarie to the contents of the same letters so as if the messenger were trustye hys pleasure mighte not bee discouered to the hinderance or disappointing of the same but nowe to oure purpose The French king after this bycause as yet he woulde not seeme to breake the peace commaunded the trenches and newe fortifications made aboute thys fortresse called Chatillons Garden thus cast down to be filled by his own people and so it rested during the lyfe of king Henry but afterwardes it was begon againe and finished as after ye shall heare The Duke was atteynted by Parliament and the Atteynder after reuersed in the fyrste yeare of Queene Mary The euill hap as well of the father as of the sonne was greately lamented of many not onely for the good seruice which the Duke had done in his dayes in defence of this realme but also for that the Erle was a Gentleman well learned and knowne to haue an excellent witte if he had bin thankfull to God for the same and other suche good giftes as he had endued him with The king maketh his Testament The King now lying at the point of death made his last wil and testament wherin he not onely yelded himselfe to Almightie God but also tooke order that during the minoritie of his sonne Prince Edward his executors shuld be counsellors and ayders to him in all things as well concerning priuate as publike affairs They wer .xvj. in number whose names were as here foloweth His executors Thomas Cranmer Archebishop of Canterbury Thomas Wrioshlley Lord Chancellor Sir William Paulet knight of the order lord Saint Iohn great maister of y e houshold Sir Edward Seimer knight of the order erle of Herâ—…ford high ChaÌ„berlain of England Sir Iohn Russell knighte of the order Lorde Priuie seale Sir Iohn Dudley knighte of the order â—â—rout Lisle and baron of Manpas high Admirall of Englande Cutbert Tunstall bishop of Durham Sir Anthony Brown knight of the order and maister of the horsse Sir Edmund Montacute knight chiefe Iustice of the common place Sir Thomas Bromeley knighte one of the Iustices of the kings benche Sir Edward North knighte Chauncellour of the Augmentation Sir William Paget knight of the order Sir Anthonie Denny knight Sir William Herbert knight Sir Edwarde Wotton knighte Treasourer of Caleys The deceasse of king Henry the eyght Nicholas Wotton deane of Canterburye and Yorke So soone as the sayde noble King had finished his laste wyll and testamente as afore is sayde he shortly thervpon yelded vp his spirite to Almightie God departing this world the xxviij daye of Ianuarie in the thirtie and eyghte yeare of his reigne and in the yeare of our lord 1546. after the accompt of the churche of England but after the accompt whiche we follow here in this booke .1547 begynning our yeare the first of Ianuarie He reigned .xxxvij. yeares .ix. monethes and odde days His body according to his wil in that behalf was conueyd to Wyndsoxe with all funerall pompe and in the Colledge there enterred This noble Prince was ryght fortunate in all his dooings so that coÌ„monly what soeuer he attempted had good successe as well in matters of peace as of warres Of personage hee was tall and mightie in his latter dayes somewhat grosse or as we terme it bourly in wit memorie verie perfect of suche maiestie tempered with humanitie ' as best became so noble high an estate a great fauorer of learning as he that was not ignorant of good letters himselfe and for his greate magnificence and liberalitie his renoune was spread through the whole world Of learned men that lyued in the dayes of this moste famous prince we fynde many as first Iohn Colet deane of Paules and founder of the Schoole there he was borne in London of honest parentes William Lillie borne in the towne of Odiham in Hampshire was the first Schoolemaister of Paules Schoole after it was erected Tho. Linacer or rather Linaker borne in Derbyshire a learned Physitian and well seen in the toungs Iohn Skelton a pleasant Poet Richard Pace that succeded Iohn Colet in the roome of Deane of Poules Iohn Fisher Bishoppe of Rochester of whome yee haue herd before Tho. More born in London of whom likewise meÌ„tion is made in the life of this kyng Will. Horman born in Salisburie viceprouost of Eaton Colledge a lerned man as by his woorkes it appeareth Iohn Frith borne in London William Tyndall of whiche two persons ye haue hearde lykewyse in the historie of this King Roberte Wakefield excellently seene in the toungs Iohn Rastell a citizen and Stacioner of London Christofer Saint German an excellente Lawyer Roberte Barnes of whome also wee haue made mention beefore Syr Thomas Eliot knight Edward Lee Archebishop of Yorke Iohn Lerlande a diligente searcher of Antiquities Anne Askewe wrote certayne treatises concernyng hir examinations Sir Iohn Bourchier knyght Lorde Berners translated the Chronicles of sir Iohn Froissarte out of Frenche into Englishe William Chubb es Henry Standyshe a Frier Minor
feast of Easter 151.23 Bruydon Monasterie 191.105 Bristow Castle besieged 763.90 Breuse William and hys wyfe and children flye the realme for wordes the Lady Breuse spake of king Iohn 566.67 Brabanders famous in skill practise of warre 445.61 Brightwoulf King of Mercia chased by the Danes 206.113 Broc Philip Canon of Bedford arreigned of murder banished the land 402.47 Bridges Agnes doth penance for faining to be possessed by the diuell 1870.46 Broc Raynulfe accursed by Archbyshop Thomas Becket 409.79 Bray wonne 1528.10 Bristow Castle fortifyed by the byshop of Constans 318.55 Brenne Iohn King of Ierusalem commeth into England 622.74 Brian sonne to Robert Earle of Gloucester 379.37 Britaine Dukedome obtayned by Guy sonne to the viscount of Touars husband to Constance Arthures mother 555 84. Bristow castle builded 351.54 Brecknock battell fought by the Englishmen agaynst the Welchmen 324.36 Brereton captaine of the aduenturers slaine 1531.30 Breuse Lady and her sonne takē and sent to prison 570.15 Bridgnorth castle fortifyed against King Henry the first 339.59 Bryson Castle taken by y e Englishmen 524.23 Brimsbery bridge repayred 222.5 Brun hugh Earle of March 560.14 Barnes Doctor burnt 1580.4 Britaines ouerthrowne by the Saxons at Bedford 142.105 Briake in Britaine assaulted by Englishmen pag. 1154. col 1. lin 20. taken col 2. lin 2. Brennus marryeth the Prince of Norway Elsung or Elisings daughter 23.99 Brendholme Edmunde put to death 158.32 Broc Roger seruant to Archbishop Thomas Becket 406.29 Brun Hugh Earle of Marche dyeth 729.46 Brecknock in wales takē 222.18 Britaine holdes furnished with French souldiours 543.51 Brest deliuered to the Duke of Britaine 1090.2 b. Britaine the lesse through ciuil dissention of a fruitfull soyle becommeth a wylde desarte 410.19 Braybroke Henry taken prisoner 624.67 Bridgewater pag. 1321. col 1. lin 15. Brute Greeneshield dyeth and is buried at Yorke 18.60 Bromierd Philip. 1463.18 Brigantes reuolt from the Romanes to Venutius 58.95 Brute encountred by Giauntes in Britaine 15.74 Britaine at the first creatiō was part of the continent 1.28 Britaine Britonant 916.44 b. Duke of Britaine commeth into England 924.46 a. Britons brene the town of Plimouth pag. 1140. col 2. lin 28. woulde haue landed at Dartmouth pag. 1142. col 1. lin 1. their crueltie lin 29. Battell of Graueling 1780.40 Thomas of Brotherton borne 835.45 b. Brute searcheth this land from one end to another 15.68 Bridge of London begun to be made of stone 566.84 Duke of Britaine dyeth 916.7 a. Brightrick put to death 260.44 Nicholas Brembre executed 1071.37 b. Brent Marche pag. 1321. col 1. lin 14. Duke of Britaine aydeth Henry Duke of Lancaster 1105.12 Bristow Castle 371.21 Bromeley towne 277.14 Bricennamere 222.19 Britaine wasted by the Constable 993.33 b. Britaine of the Samothei called first Samothea 2.76 Breause William his craftie dealing with the Welchmen 439.103 Brandon Henry sonne to Charles Duke of Suffolke by the Frenche Queene Created Earle of Lincolne 1526.13 British Monkes and Priestes slaine by Edelfred 154.10 Brighthelme succeedeth Alfin in the Archbyshoprick of Cātorburie 233.82 Bridgnorth Castle surrendred to the King 396.13 Broughty crag wonne by y e Lord Clinton 1630.17 besieged in vaine by Monsieur de Chapell 1635. wonne by Monsieur de Chermes 1702. Bulleyne Thomas Knight sent Ambassadour into France 1506.26 Bulleyne Thomas treasurer of the kynges house created Viscont Rochefort 1536.19 Butler Piers created Earle of Ossory 1550.15 Bulleyne Anne daughter to the Earle of Wylshyre is created Marchionesse of Penbrok 1558.33 goeth w t the Kyng to Calice ead 44. is married to the kyng 1559.33 is crowned Queene 1560.50 is committed to the Tower 1565.5 is beheaded and her speache before 1565.18 Bussey Roger. 391.21 Bussey Iordaine 391.22 Burthred succeedeth Bertwolf in the kyngdome of Mercia and marrieth Ethelswida sister to Ethelwolfus 207.110 Burialles found of late vppon Ashdone in Essex 256.1 Burcher Peter his manifold madnesse desperate deedes and shamefull death 1869.44 Bulgarie in olde time called Mesia 103.31 Bunghey Castle made playne with the ground 445.22 Buly king of Powsey in Wales 122.58 Burthred constrained to forsake his countrey goeth to Rome and there dyeth 212.24 Bunghey castle 436.5 Bury Abbey spoyled by the Danes 249.75 Buren Count at the siege of Muttrel 1594.45 Burthred Kyng of Mercia expulsed out of his kingdome by the Danes 218.89 Buckinghamshyre wasted by the Danes 245.71 Burnyng feuers reignyng in England 314.26 Bunduica looke Voadicia Buckingham Castles builded 221.45 Burgenild daughter to Kyng Kenvulf of Mercia 205.40 Bullenberg assaulted by Chastillion and valiantly defended 1640.40 Buying and selling of men in England prohibited 341.34 Bulmer Wylliam knight 1448.46 Philip Duke of Burgoigne marrieth the Earle of Flanders daughter 976.45 b. Buckenburne Robert attainted 1425.45 Duches of Burbon taken prisoner 979.20 a Bucke Iohn attainted 1425.51 Burwham 1463.24 Boyham castle wonne 1529.35 The Burse built 1836.30 proclaimed by Herought Trumpetter the Royall Exchange 1857.44 Bulles agaynst breakers of statutes 1098.1 b Bullocke Martin hanged 1862.13 Robert Burnel bishop of Bathe 791.58 a. Burthred Kyng of Mercia marrieth kyng Ethelwolfus daughter 206.9 Burgh Hubert marryed to Margaret the king of Scotlands sister 619.73 Burdee pag. 1381. col 1. lin 14. Bulleyne Thomas Viscont Rochefort created Earle of Wylshyre 1553.10 Burton vpon Trent 583.64 Bulmer Iohn knight put to death 1570.10 Bulleyne besieged 1595.8 yeelded 1796.40 Bulles from the Pope agaynst Wicliffe 1008.20 b. Burgoigne spared for money 965.49 a. A Bull from Rome hanged on the byshop of Londons gate 1852.27 Burdiaur yeelded to the Frēch pag. 1285. col 2. lin 14. Burials of traytours and felous permitted 874.40 a. Bury Abbay spoyled 885.20 b. Bu◅yris slayne by Hercules in Egypt 5.106 Burgh Hubert created Earle of Kent 630.103 Simon Burleis lyfe and erecution 1072.16 a. Burgh Hubert appoynted warden of the Marches betwixt England and Wales 551.110 Brumpton Wylli of Burford attainted 1425.55 Bulmer Wylliam knyght discomfiteth the Lord Hume 1487.34 C. Castles in England commaunded to be rased 389.63 Castles suffred to stand contratrarie to couenaunt 392.59 Cartbridge Castle vppon Seuerne builded 216.75 Carausius slayeth Bassianus the King 78.58 Carausius a Britaine getteth together a great armie of Britaines to expell the Romanes out of Britaine 78.64 Cadwallo slayne and his huge armie vanquished 165.19 Cadwalloes Image set vp for a terrour 165.26 Cadwallo beginneth to ◅eygne ouer Britaine 165.81 Cadwallo vanquished by Edwine fleeth into Scotlande Ireland and Armorike Britaine 166.37 Cadwallo departeth this lyfe 167. Cadwalloes body enclosed in an Image of brasse and set ouer Ludgate in Londō 167.41 Caerlton now called Gloucester 51.53 Cangi now the inhabitants of Denbighshyre in Wales 54.7 Cangi or Denbighshyre men vanquished by the Romanes 54.16 Camulodunum peopled wyth bandes of olde souldiers 54.38 Camulodunum where it standeth 54.49 55.15 Cadwallan Prince of Wales traytrously slayne 453.25 Cadwalline looke Cadwallo Cadwallo King of Britaynes rebelleth against Edwyne 163.45 Crueltie of Cadwallo Penda in their victorie ouer the Northumbers 164.1 Cary castle 368.75
second daughter to Leir 19.96 Maglanus Duke of Albania discomfited and slayne 20.55 Maudes Castle in Wales 537.74 Mary the daughter of Henry the second French Queene and Duches of Suffolke dyeth 1561.4 Maximilian the Emperour weareth a crosse of Saint George 1484.36 Maxentius Emperour hated for his tyrannie 90.93 Marentius sonne to Maximianus Herculeus the Emperour 91.6 Margaret countesse of Salisburie executed 1581.4 Mandeuyle William loseth his standerd 610.1 Mallorie Iohn 1462.11 Marshal Richard Earle of Penbroke sayleth into Ireland 645.30 is taken prisoner 645.37 dieth of a wound 645.48 Marshal Gilbert made Earle of Penbroke and Marshal of Henry the thyrds house 646 2. Manchester towne repayred 222.72 Magna Carta confirmed by Henry the third 626.50 Martan Nunrie founded 726 36. Maximianus and Dioclesianus renounce the rule of the Empire 89.34 Marshal William Earle of Penbroke dieth 617 16. Matthew Earle of Bullongne slayne 429.34 Magus expert in the course of the Starres 2.57 Makarel Doctor hanged 1570.36 Malmesbury Abbey founded 190.19 Monkes of Couentrie displaced and secular Canons set in their roumthes 494.89 Manlius Valeus and his Legion vanquished by the Britanes 51.50 Marcharus fleeth into Scotland 298.62 Marisch William executed 703.76 Marcus the Lieutenant slayne in a tumult 97.119 Matthew of Westminstr deceyued 141.49 Magistrates of the Citie of London deposed by Henry the third 621.34 Margret sister to Edward the fourth pag. 1317. col 2. lin 11. Maximinus vaÌ„quished at Tarsus and eaten with lice 91.67 Mamertinus cited 33.42 Mandeuile Iohn cited 227.24 Margaret countesse of Lisle deceaseth 730.68 Malmesburie builded 23.51 Mauus looke Aruiragus Mackbeth slayne 275.63 Maldon 221.2 Marcellinus cited 3.80 Mauus deliuered to king Iohn 547.30 Mary Queene of man 803.50 b. Martin de la Mare pag. 1328 col 1. lin 1. Masse abrogated and forbidden 1640.32 is restored 1722.56 is eftsons abrogated 1797.27 Mather Edmond executed for treason 1861.37 Margret sister to Edgar Edeling married to Malcolme the fourth king of Scottes 298.74 Marlebourgh Castle besieged and rendred to the Bishop of Durham 516.42 Maydes sent ouer into litle Britayne for wiues to the inhabitantes 95. Malta assigned to the knightes of the Rhodes 1554.58 Malchus consecrated Byshop of Waterfoord in Ireland 328.35 Earle of March dieth in France 967.12 b. Malmesburie Castle builded 371.71 Manduit Robert drowned 357.112 Margret daughter to king Edward the third borne 943.40 a. Marham Iustice 1123. col 2. lin 40. Mary daughter vnto Henry the right is dishinherited by the will of king Edward 1714.20 Her letter vnto the Councell after the discease of her brother 1716. their answere vnto it 1717.10 fleeth to the Castle of fremingham whither forces repaire vnto her from all partes 1717.50 is proclaimed Quene 1718.40 entering the towre releaseth dyuers prisoners 1720.35 restoreth to thir sees all the Bishoppes depriued in the reigne of King Edward and remoueth all Bishoppes made in those dayes 1721.10 Crowned 1722.40 â–ª publisheth a pardoÌ„ with many exceptions ead 50. assigneth Commissioners to take order with men excepted out of the pardon and other eadem 10. holdeth a Parliament eadem 28. sendeth for Cardinall Poole 1723.5 commaundeth a publique disputation to be holden eadem 41. is espoused vnto Philip prince of Hispaine 1724.4 her Oration in the Guildhal 1728.26 her stout courage 1731.40 pardoneth two hundred and twenty rebels 1734.53 holdeth a Parlament 1735.4 is maried to Philip prince of Hispaine 1756.55 the conditions of the mariage eadem 46. holdeth a Parlament 1759.34 setteth at libertye diuers prisoners in the towre 1763.17 sendeth ambassadours vnto Rome 1763.40 holdeth a parliament 1765 10. releaseth the first fruits and tenthes 1764.16 constantly supposed to be with child 1764.40 proclaymeth warre against y e french king and sendeth an armye into France 1767.40 taketh the losse of Calice at the hart 1782.40 dyeth eadeÌ„ 50. is honourably buryed 1785.22 Maximus king of Britain looke Maximianus Maude queene sueth to Maud Empresse to release Kyng Stephen and is repulsed 377.4 Maximianus Dioclesianus felowes in gouerment of the Empire 83.16 Marius sonne to Aruiragus begynneth to raigne ouer Britaine 66.108 Maximilian the Emperour dieth 2506.50 The Mary Rose drowned 1602.40 MauÌ„t citie burnt by king William 314.47 Maude wife to king Stephen departeth this lyfe 386.11 Mary queene of Hungary dieth 1786.11 Marcus Papyrius smiteth a Gual on the head is therefore slaine 26.49 Margaret sister to Hugh Lupus Earle of Chester maryed to Iohn Bohun 323.65 Maudes Castle repayred by Henry the third 638.63 Manrishe Geffrey Lord chiefe Iustice of Ireland 636.19 Mary the Scottish queene maryed vnto Fraunces Dolphin of Fraunce 1778.51 Mack William a Burgh created Earle of Clarickford 1590.11 Marentius the Emperor slain by Constantinus 91.70 Margaret Countesse of Richmond her wisedome in aduising her nephewe Henry the eight 1464.40 Malmesbury Abbey fleeced of possessions 195.28 Marton Colledge founded 794.53 a Marshal William Earle of Pembroke appoynted gouernor to Henry the third 609 5. Magus the second king of Celtica 2.84 Magi from whence deriued 2.104 Magus or Magi what it signifieth 2.108 Martias gouernmeÌ„t â—â—mmended 29.40 Malbanke Pierce Baron of Nantwich 323.45 Margaret Countesse of Salisbury daughter to Edward Duke of Clarence pa. 1350 col 2. lin 42. Marshal William sent into Normandy with men of armes 551.104 Mac Mur principal rebel of Ireland 1103.57 b. offreth to parlee with the king 1104.43 a Mauleon Sauery reuolteth to the French king 624.41 Mathew Paris cited 325.74 and. 329.18 Matthâ—…us Westmonasteriensis cited 22.61 and. 28.31 and. 29.78 Marshal William Earle of Pembroke vanquisheth his enemyes 614.20 Maud Empresse confesseth her selfe to haue bene naught of her body 392.15 Marcharus imprisoned againe by king William Rufus 317.36 Margaret Countesse of Richmond and Darby mother to Henry the seuenth pa. 1326 co 1. lin 15. Mackbeth vsurper of y e crowne of Scotland put to flight by Earle Siward 275.59 Masters of the Vniuersitie of Oxford summoned to be at the Parlament 745.60 Mattheus Westmonasteriensis cited 240.23 and. 240 35. and. 261.19 and. 284 82. Mary daughter to Henrye the eight borne 1498.51 Marc a Celtike word 4.102 Marianus Scotus cited 116 53. Magnus elected king of the Norwegians after the death of king Cnute 266.76 Margaret Countesse of MouÌ„tfourts valiaÌ„tnes 916.30 a Myls borne downe with yee 324.25 Melun besieged by the Englishe pag. 1209. col 2. li. 16. yeelded pa. 1210. col 2. li. 6 Memorancie of Fraunce aydeth Owen Glendour pag. 1149. col 2. lin 50. Meschines Randulfe Earle of Chester 323.18 Medwal Henry 1463.16 Mekins Richard a buye burnt 1581.22 Menlane yeelded to the Englishe pag. 1202. col 2. lin 37. Meaur deliuered to the french pag. 1263. col 1. lin 48. Merton Abbey founded by Gilbert a Norman 649.16 Messengers from the Frenche king 873.48 a. Mercia rebelleth against Oswy 176.46 Mercies recouer both theyr confines and libertie 176.51 Mercia annexed to kyng Edwardes dominions 221.105 Mercie riuer 222.6 Meidhamsted Abbey builded 181.11 Meidhamstede now called Peterborough 181.11 Meanuari a
the greatest part of Shropshyre which the Welch occupied not Lancaster Glocester Hereford alias Hurchforde Warwijc and Hertforde shyres the rest of whose territories were holden by such princes of other kingdomes thorow force 〈◊〉 bordered vpoÌ„ the same And thus much haue I thought good to leaue in memorye of the aforesaid kingdomes not omitting in y e meane time somewhat here to remember of the diuision of the Island also into Prouinces as the Romaines seuered it whiles they remayned in these parts Which being done I hope that I haue fullye discharged whatsoeuer is promised in the title of this Chapter The Romaines therefore hauing obteined the possession of this Island deuided the same at y e last into fiue Prouinces The first wherof was named BritaÌ„nia prima â—…itannia â—…ma conteined the east part of England as some doe gather froÌ„ y e Trent vnto y e Twede The second was called Valentia â—…lentia included the West side as they note it froÌ„ Lirpole vnto Cokermouth The thirde hight Britannia secunda â—…itannia â—…cunda and was that portion of the Ile which laye Southwardes betwéene the Trent and the Thames The fourth was surnamed Flauia Cesariensis â—…auia Ceâ—…iensis and contayned all the countrey which remayned betwéene Douer the Sauerne I meane by south of the Thames and wherevnto in lyke sort Cornewall and Wales were orderly assigned The fift and last part was then named Maxima Cesariensis â—…axima â—…esarienâ—… now Scotland The most barren of all the reast yet not vnsought out of the Romaines bicause of the great plentie of fishe and foule fine Alabastar and harde Marble that are ingendred and to be had in the same for furniture of housholde and curious buylding wherein they much delited Of the auncient Religion vsed in this Island from the comming of Samothes vnto the conuersion of the same vnto the faith of Christ Cap. 8. IT is not to be doubted but at the first and so long as the posteritie of Iaphet onelye reigned in this Islande that the true knowledge and forme of religion brought in by Samothes â—…amothes was exercised among the Britains And although peraduenture in processe of time either thorow curiositie or negligence y e onely corrupters of true pietie and godlynesse it might a little decay yet when it was at the woorst it farre excéeded the best of that which afterwarde came in with Albion and his Chemminites as maye be gathered by vewe of the supersticious rites which Cham and hys successours dyd plant in other countries yet to be found in Authors What other learning Magus the sonne of Samothes taught after his fathers death wheÌ„ he also came to the kingdome Magus beside thys which concerned the true honoring of God I can not easily saye but that it shoulde bée naturall Philosophie and Astrology wherby his disciples gathered a kinde of foreknowledge of thinges to come the verye vse of the worde Magus among the Persians doth yéeld no incerteine testimony In lyke maner Sarron it shoulde séeme that Sarron sonne vnto the sayde Magus diligentlye followed the steppes of hys father thereto opened Schooles of learning in sundrie places both among the Celtes and Britaines whereby such as were his Auditours grewe to be called Sarronides notwithstanding Samothei Semnothei that aswell the Sarronides as the Magi otherwise called Magusei Druiydes were generally called Samothei or Semmothei of Samothies stil among the Grecians as Aristotle in his de magia doth confesse and calling them Galles hée addeth thereunto that they first brought the knowledge of Letters and good learning vnto the Gréekes Druiyus the sonne of Sarron as a scholler of his fathers owne teaching séemed to be exquisite in all thinges Druiyus that pertayned vnto the deuine or humaine knowledge and therfore I may safely pronounce that he excelled not onely in the skill of Philosophie and the Quadriuialles but also in the true Theologie whereby the right seruice of God was kept preserued in puritie He wrote moreouer sundry precepts and rules of religious doctrine which among the Celtes were reserued very religiously and had in great estimation among such as sought vnto them Howe and in what order this Prince left the state of religioÌ„ Corrupters of religion I meane for those publike orders in administration of particular rites and ceremonies as yet I do not reade howbeit this is most certayne that after he dyed the purity of his doctrine began somewhat to decaye for such is the nature of man that it wil not suffer any good thing long to remaine as it is left but either by additioÌ„ or substraction of this or that to or from the same so to chop chaunge withal froÌ„ time to time that there is nothing of more difficulty for such as doe come after theÌ„ then to find out the puritie of the originall and restore the same againe vnto hir former perfection In the beginning this Druiyus did preach vnto his bearers Caesar that the soule of man is immortall that God is omnipotent mercyfull as a father in shewing fauor vnto the godly and iust as an vpright Iudge in punishing of the wicked That the secrets of mans hart are not vnknowen and only knowen to him and that as the worlde and all that is therein had their beginning by him at his owne will so shall all things likewise haue an end when he shal sée his time He taught them also howe to obserue the courses of y e heauens Strabo li. 4. Socton lib. success Cicero diuinat 1. and motions of the planetes to finde out the true quantities of the celestiall bodyes and thereto the compasse of the earth and hidden natures of thinges contayned in the same But alas this integritie continued not long among his successours for vnto the immortality of the soule they added that after death it went in to another bodye the seconde or succedent being alwayes eyther more noble or more vile than the former as the partie deserued by his merites whylest he liued here on earth Plinius lib. 16. cap. vltimo For said they of whoÌ„ Pythagoras also had and taught this errour if the soule appertayned at y e first to a king he in this estate did not leade his lyfe woorthie of this calling it should after his decease be shut vp in y e bodie of a slaue begger cocke Owle Dogge Ape Horse Asse Worme or Monster there to remaine as in a place of purgation punishmeÌ„t for a certaine periode of time Beside this it should peradueÌ„ture sustaine often translation from one bodie vnto another according to the quantitie and qualitie of his dooinges here on earth till it should finally be purified and restored againe to all other humaine bodie wherein if it behaued it selfe more orderly then at the first after the next death it shoulde be preferred eyther to the bodie of a king or other great estate And thus they
made a perpetuall circulation or reuolution of our soules much like vnto the continuall motion of the heauens which neuer stande stil nor long yeeld one representatioÌ„ and figure They brought in also the woorshipping of many goddes and their seuerall sacrifices Oke honored wheron mistle did grow so doe our sorcerers euen to this day thinking some spirits to deale about the same for hidden tresure they honoured likewyse the Oke wheron the Mistle groweth and daily deuised infinitie other toyes for errour is neuer assured of hir owne dooinges wherof neyther Samothes nor Sarron Magus nor Druiyus did leaue them any prescription These things are partly touched by Cicero Strabo Plinie Sotion Laertius Theophrast Aristotle and partly also by Caesar and other authours of later time who for the most part do coÌ„fesse y t the chiefe schoole of the Druiydes was holden here in Britaine whether the Druiydes also themselues that dwelt amoÌ„g the Galles woulde often resorte to come by the more skill and sure vnderstanding of the misteries of that doctrine Estimation of the Druiyâ—… or Drâ—… priestâ—… Furthermore in Britaine and among the Galles and to saye the truth generally in all places where the Druiysh religion was frequented such was thestimatioÌ„ of the Priestes of this profession that there was little or nothing done without their skilfull aduise no not in ciuill causes pertayning to the regiment of the common wealth and countrey They had the charge also of all sacrifices publicke and priuate they interpreted Oracles preached of religion and were neuer without great numbers of yoong men that hearde theÌ„ with great diligence as they taught froÌ„ time to time Touching their persons also Immuâ—…ty of the clergy â—â—ter vndâ—… Idolaâ—… then vnder the gospell they were exempt from all temporal seruices impositioÌ„s tributes and exercise of the warres which immunitie caused the greater companies of Schollers to flocke vnto theÌ„ from all places learne their trades Of these likewise some remayned with them seuen eyght tenne or twelue yeares still learning the secretes of those vnwritten mysteries by heart which were to be had amongst them and commonly pronounced in verses And this policie as I take it they vsed onely to preserue their religion from contempt where into it might easye haue fallen if any bookes thereof had happened into the hands of the commoÌ„ sorte It helped also not a little in y e exercise of their memories where vnto bookes are vtter enemies insomuch as he that was skillfull in the Druiysh religion would not let readily to rehearse many hundredes of verses and not to fayle in one tytle in the whole processe of this his laborious repetition But as they dealt in this order for matters of their religioÌ„ so in ciuill affaires historical Treatises setting downe of lawes they vsed like order and letters almost with the Grecians wherby it is easy to be séene that they retayned this kinde of writing froÌ„ Druiyus the originall founder of their religion and that this yland hath not béene voyde of letters and learned men euen sith it was first inhabited After the death of Druiyus Bardus Bardus his sonne and fift king of the Celtes succéeded not onely ouer the sayde kingdome but also in his fathers vertues whereby if is very likely that the winding and wrapping vp of the sayde Religion after the afore remembred sorte into Verse was first deuysed by hym for he was an excellent Poet and no lesse indued with a singular skill in the practise and speculatioÌ„ of Musicke of which twoo many suppose him to be the very author and beginner although vniustly sith both Poetry Song was in vse before the floude Gene. 4. vers 21. as was also the Harpe and Pype which Iubal inuented and coulde neuer be performed without great skil in musicke But to procéede as the chiefe estimation of the Druiydes remained in the ende among the Britons only for their knowledge in religion so dye the same of the Bardos for their excelleÌ„t skill in musike and Heroicall kind of song which at the first contayned only the high misteries of their religion There was little difference also betwéene them and the Druiydes â—…he Barâ—… degeâ—…rate till they so farre degenerated from their first institutioÌ„ that they became to be minstrels at feastes droncken meetings and abhominable sacrifices of the Idols where they sang most commonly no diuinitie as before but the noble actes of valiaunt princes and fabulous narratioÌ„s of the adulteries of the gods Certes in my tyme this fonde vsage and therto the very name of the Bardes are not yet extinguished amoÌ„g the Britons of Wales where they call their Poetes Musiciâ—…ns Barthes as they doe also in Irelande There is moreouer an Islande appertinent to the region of Venedotia wherinto the Bardes of old time vsed to resorte as out of the waye into a solitarie place there to write and learne their songes by hearte and meditate vppon such matters as belonged to their practises And of these Lucane in his first booke writeth thus among other the like sayinges well towarde the latter ende also saying â—…cane â—… 1. Vos quoque qui fortes animas belloque peremptat Laudibus in longum vates dimittitis euum Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi Et vos barbaricos ritus moremque sinistrum Sacrorum Druiydae positis reque pistis ab armis Solis nosse Deos coeli numina vobis Aut solis nescire datum nemora alta remotis Incolitis lucis Vobis authoribus vmbrae Non tacit as erebi sedes ditisque profundi Pallida regna petunt regit idem spiritus artus Orbe alio Longae canitis si cognita vitae Mors media est certe populi quos despicit arctos Foelices errore suo quos ille timorum Maximus haud vrget leti metus inde ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris animaeque capaces Mortis ignuum est redituirae parcere vitae Thus we see as in a glasse the state of religion for a tyme after the first inhabitacion of this Islande but howe long it continued in such soundnesse as the originall authors left it in good sooth I caÌ„ not say yet this is most certaine that after a time when Albion arriued here the religion earst imbraced fell into great decaye for wheras Iaphet and Samothes with their childreÌ„ taught nothing else then such doctrine as they had learned of Noah so Cham the great grandfather of this our Albion and his disciples vtterly renouncing to followe their steps gaue their mindes wholly to seduce and leade their hearers hedlong vnto all error Wherby his posteritie not only corrupted this our Islande with most filthie trades and practises but also all mankinde generally where they became with vicious life and most vngodly behauiour For from Cham and his successours procéeded at the first all sorcery witchcraft what doctrine ChaÌ„ and his disciples taught and the execution of vnlawfull
Englande to the great annoyance of the Englishe borders which dealing though it much mooued the king of Englande to take displeasure against the Scottes yet he gaue gentle audience vnto Leirmouth at his comming vnto him and by hys fayre wordes and promises was partly pacified But in the meane time the dedes of the Scottishe borderers were as extreame as might be and in a roade made by sir Robert Bowes for reuenge thereof the same sir Robert and many other with him were taken prisoners and could not be deliuered nor admitted to paye their fine and raunsome as hath bene euer accustomed betwixt them on the borders And where at the same time an assuraunce was made on both sides for a time K. Henrie forced to take armes against the Scots at the suite of the sayde Leirmouth the Scots ceased not to make sundrie inuasions into Englande in such wise as the king no longer trusting to their fayre wordes but weying their deedes put an armie in a readynesse for defence of his subiects as the due meane to attayne such a peace as for the safetie of his people he thought it stoode with his honor to procure After whiche preparation made and knowledge thereof had the king of Scots made newe suite to haue the matter taken vppe by treatie Wherevpon the king caused the armie to staye about Yorke and appointed the D. of Norffolk his Lieutenant generall the Lorde priuie seale Bishop of Durham and sir Anthonie Browne Maister of his horses to treate and conclude with the Ambassadors of Scotland some frendly peace vpon reasonable and indifferent condicions as shoulde he thought requisite for the auoyding of warres then by sundrie inuasions of the Scottes made open and manifest But after they had vewed eche others Commissions and beganne to propone articles the Scottish commissioners to protract time at the first seemed to like such articles as the Englishe commissioners had proponed The double dealing of the Scots in the negotiation about an agreement made semblance as if there were no doubt but that in case their k. ours might mete all matters should be quietly coÌ„pounded ended so taking it as for a thing sure and certaine they only desired vj. dayes to obtaine answere from their Maister and our armie for that time to staye wherevnto the Englishe Commissioners accorded After those sixe dayes was sent a Commission out of Scotlande to conclude a meeting precisely at such a place as they knew will could not in the Winter season be obserued nor kept Wherewith when the English Commissioners seemed nothing content the Scottish Commissioners shewed forth instructions wherein libertie was giuen to them to exceede their Commission in the appoynting of a place and to consent to any other by the Englishe Commissioners thought meete and conuenient but when the English Commissioners refused to deale with men wanting sufficient Commission to warrant their doings the Scottishe Commissioners required other .vj. days respite to send for a larger commission which being graunted at the end of those six dayes they brought forth a commission made in good forme and without exception or restraint of place But therwith they shewed instructions conteyning a lyke restraint as in the former Commission was expressed And thus driuing forth the matter by trisling vppon purpose onely to winne tyme they hoped thereby through the Winter comming on that the Englishe armie shoulde not be able much to annoye their Countrie for that yeare And so their talke brake vp without any conclusion of agreement at all and forthwith was the armie set forward a good part whereof had lien all this time of treatie in Yorke and in the Countrie there abouts When the whole power was assembled the Duke of Norffolke Lieutenaunt generall accompanied with the Earles of Shrewesburse â–ª Darbie The English armie entreth into Scotland Cumberlande Surrey Hertford Angus Rutlande and the Lordes of the Northe partes and sir Anthonie Browne Master of the Horse Sir Iohn Gage Comptroller of the Kings house and others hauing with them twentie thousande men well and warrelike appointed entred Scotlande the xxj of October and taried there eyght dayes without hauing any battayle offered vnto them in whiche spare they brent these townes and villages Paxton Ramrige Styne Gradyn Shylles Lang Ednem â–ª Newton Skitshell Newthorne Smellem spitâ—…le the twâ—… 〈…〉 and the two Brurdwes 〈…〉 Edâ—… Spittle 〈…〉 Abbay long Spronâ—… 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 â—…stone And while the 〈…〉 fourth day after his â—…uiring and Scotlande there came to speake with 〈◊〉 a myle 〈◊〉 the Campe the Bishoppe of Oâ—…ney and Iames Lothâ—…oâ—… sent from the king of Scoâ—… to intreate of peace but they agreed not Finally after the Englishmen had lyeâ—… so long within Scotlande as they might recouer vittayle at length for necessitie they returned to Berwicke In all which iourney the standeâ—… of the Earle of Southhamptons The Earle of Southamptons standart late Lorde priuie seale which dyed at Newcastell before these entring into Scotlande was borne in the foreward bicause he was appoynted captaine of the same The king of Scots hearing that the English armie was returned raysed a power of 〈◊〉 tene thousande menne forth of all partes of hys Realme vnder the guiâ—…ng of the Lorde Maxwell or rather of Oliuer â—…eâ—… An armie of Scots iouade Englande as the Scoth affirme boasting to taâ—… 〈◊〉 in Englande as the Duke of Norffolke had taried in Scotlande And soon the Fridaye being Saint Katherines euen they passed one other water of Eâ—… and brent certayne houses of the Greâ—…es hir the very border Amongst other that were taken wee finde these men of name Scottish Lords taken at Solem Moste the Earle of Castill Glencarne the Lorde Maxwell Admirall of Scotlande and Warden of the West marches the Lorde Flemming the Lorde Sommerwell the Lorde Oliphant the Lorde Graye sir Oliuer Sincler the Kings minion Iohn Rosse Lorde of Gragy Robert Erskin sonne to the Lorde Geskin Carre Lorde of Gredon the Lorde Maxwels two brethren Iohn Lesley bastarde sonne to the Earle of Rothus George Hume Larde of Hemitton Iohn Mattelande Larde of Wike castell Iames Pringel Iames Sinclex brother to Oliuer Sincler Iohn Carmell Captayne of Crayforth Patricke Heborne Esquire Iohn Seton Esquire sonne in lawe to the Lorde Erskin William Seton Esquire Iohn Steward cousin to the King Iohn Morrowe Esquire Henrie Droumont Esquire Iames Mitton Esquire Iohn Cormurth Esquire Captaine of Gainsforth Iames Mitton Esquire The number of prisoners and artillerie taken and other Esquires and Gentlemen beside the Earles and Lordes before mencioned to the number of two hundreth and aboue and more than viij C. other persons of meaner calling so that some one Englishman yea some women had three or foure prisoners They tooke also foure and twentie peeces of ordinance foure Cartes laden with speares and ten pauilions so that this might well be sayde to be the handie worke of God and the verse of the Psalme verified
Nunc vidi dixi haec est mutatio dextrae excelâ—… The death of the king of Scotlande The King of Scottes tooke such griefe and inwarde thought for his ouerthrow and also for the murther of an Englishe Herault that was stayne at Dunbar by one Leeche an Englishe man the whiche for the rebellion in Lincolne shire was fledde into Scotlande that he fell into a hote ague and therof dyed although many reported that he was at the byckering and receyued there his deathes wounde and fledde therewith into Scotlande But of his death and of the birth of his daughter ye may see more in the historie of Scotlande â—…xiiiâ—… hath Hall Of these prisoners before named xxj of them were brought vp to London and on the xix â–ª of December entred into the Citie by Bishops gate and so were conueyed to the tower where they remained for the space of two dayes and vpon Saint Thomas daye the Apostle Scottes prisoners brought to London being the xxj of December they were conueyed to Westminster sir Iohn Gage Constable of the Tower ryding before them and the Lieutenant of the same Tower ryding behinde them They roade two and two togither and eyght of them being Earles and Lordes had newe gownes of blacke Damaske furred with black Conse cotes of blacke Veluet and doublers of Saâ—…m with shiâ—…es and other apparell bought aâ—…we for 〈◊〉 at the Kings charges Thus being soltiâ—…elye conueyed through the streetes of London vnto Westminster The Scottes prisoners before the Counsell in the staâ—… Chamber they came before the Counsell sitting in the Starre Chamber and there the Lorde Chauncellour declared to them their vntruth vnkindenesse and false dissimulation declaring further howe the King had cause of war agaynst them both for the denying of their homages and also for their trayterous inuasions made into his Realme without defiance and also for keeping his subiectes prisoners without redemption contrarie to the auncient lawes of the Marches for whiche doings God as they might perceyue had scourged them Howbeit the King more regarding his honour than his Princelye power was content to shewe them kyndenesse for vnkyndenesse right for wrong And although he might keepe them in strait prison by iust lawe of armes yet he was contâ—… that they shoulde haue libertie to be with the nobles of his Realme in their houses and so according to their Estates they were appoynted to Dukes Earles Bishoppes Knights and Gentlemen which so entertayned them that they confessed themselues neuer to be better vsed nor to haue had greater cheare in all their life times The Earle of Cassils was appointed to be with the Archbishoppe of Caunterburie the Earle of Glencarne with the Duke of Norffolke the L. Flemming with the Lorde priuie seale the Lord Maxwell with sir Anthonie Browne the Lord Somerwel with the Lord Chancelor the Lord Oliphant with sir Thomas Lee Oliuer Sencler with the Duke of Suffolke Robert Ersâ—… with the Bishop of Westminster the lord Monteth with sir Anthonie Wingfielde the Lorde MouÌ„keth with sir Raufe Sadler George Hame with the Earle of Hertforde the Lorde of Gragie with sir Thomas Cheiney the Lorde of Gredon with maister Gastwike Henrie Maxewell with sir Richarde Long Thomas Clifforde with sir Arthur Darcy Patrick Heâ—…forde with sir Thomas Wriothesley Iames Prâ—…gel with sir Richard Rich Iohn Mariâ—…d with sir Edwarde North the Lorde Grey Iames Sencler and Iohn Lesley were apointed to men of such credit as were thought mere to aunswere for their safe keping The .xxij. of DeceÌ„ber 〈◊〉 came of the king of Scottes death and vpâ—… S. Iohns day in Christmas weeke y e foresaid â—…rds of ScotlaÌ„d were brought to y e court which was then at Grenewich where they had great châ—…e went before the King to y e chappel were â—…odged within the court Here vpoÌ„ ye must coÌ„sider y e where as the K. of Scots had left no issue behind him in life but only one daughter y e King hys Counsell perceyuing a meane nowe offered wherby without warre the two Realmes might be vnited these Scottishe Lordes hauing first made the motion themselues for a mariage to be had betwixt Prince Edwarde and their yong Queene the king required them to helpe to the â—…t hâ—…rance of that matter which myght be such a benifit to themselues and their countrie This they promised faithfully to doe and aswell by themselues as their friendes to being the same to effect so muche as the king coulde require Wherevpon the king was not only couâ—…ed to release them home but also highly rewarded them with rich gyftes in most bountifull wise The xxx of December they departed from the Court and the morrow after eyght of them dyned with Sir Iohn Coates thou Lorde Maior of London and the rest with the Sherifes and had very great cheare On Newyeares daye they departed from London honâ—…wardes towardes Scotlande 1543 and roade to Enfelde to see the Prince and there dyned that daye greatly â—…oyâ—…ng as by their wordes and countenance is sâ—…ared to beholde so propet and towardly anyâ—…ped From thence they kept on then iourney till they came to the North partes where they founde the Duke of Suffolke the Kings Lieutenant there and with him remayned till suche pledges were come forth of Scotlande as it was couenanted they should leaue behind them The Duke then after he had receyued the hostages permitted them to depart and so they returned into Scotlande where they were gladlye welcommed by their kinsemen and frendes With them went also the Earle of Augus who had bene banished Scotlande and hauing remayned here in Englande a long time receyued of the Kings fee a thousande marke by yeare and likewise his brother Sir George Douglas who had fiue hundreth markes yearely likewise of the Kings gift They were nowe both restored home into their countrie and that as was sayde by the last Kings will The sayde Earle of Angus and diuerse of the Lordes that had bene prisoners here in Englande were made of the priuie Counsell of the Realme by the Earle of Arrayne that was chosen gouernour to the yong Queene and of the Realme as next heire apparent Nothwithstanding that the Archbishop of Saint Andrewes and Cardinall of the sea of Rome enimie mortall to the King of Englande for the Popes cause and partlye set on by the French king had forged a will expressing howe the king had made him gouernour associate with two Earles of his affinitie as well of the Queene as Realme contrarie to the lawes of Scotland Wherevpon the said Earle of Arceyne according to his right as he pretended with the helpe of his frendes The Earle of Arraine tooke vppon him the authoritie of Gouernour and put the sayde Cardinall in poson and deliuered Sir Robert Bowes Sir Robert Bowes deliuered and the other Englishe prisoners by their handes according to the custome of the marches All this yeare was neyther perfect peaconor open warre betwixt