empire_n consist_v of_o fifteen_o several_a kingdom_n which_o at_o least_o have_v be_v so_o of_o old_a though_o now_o govern_v as_o province_n by_o their_o several_a viceroy_n who_o yet_o live_v in_o greatness_n splendour_n and_o riches_n equal_a to_o great_a and_o sovereign_a king_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v one_o hundred_o and_o forty_o five_o capital_a city_n of_o mighty_a extent_n and_o magnificent_a building_n and_o one_o thousand_o three_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o one_o lesser_a city_n but_o all_o wall_a round_n the_o number_n of_o village_n be_v infinite_a and_o no_o country_n in_o the_o know_a world_n so_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n nor_o so_o improve_v by_o agriculture_n by_o infinite_a growth_n of_o numerous_a commodity_n by_o canal_n of_o incredible_a length_n conjunction_n of_o river_n convenience_n of_o way_n for_o the_o transportation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n and_o commodity_n from_o one_o province_n to_o another_o so_o as_o no_o country_n have_v so_o great_a 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it_o and_o all_o serve_v with_o such_o magnificence_n order_n and_o splendour_n that_o the_o audience_n of_o a_o foreign_a ambassador_n at_o peking_n seem_v a_o sight_n as_o great_a and_o noble_a as_o one_o of_o the_o triumph_n at_o rome_n as_o other_o nation_n be_v usual_o distinguish_v into_o noble_a and_o plebeian_n so_o that_o of_o china_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o learned_a and_o illiterate_a the_o last_o make_v up_o the_o body_n or_o mass_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v govern_v the_o first_o comprehend_v all_o the_o magistrate_n that_o govern_v and_o those_o who_o may_v in_o time_n or_o course_n succeed_v they_o in_o the_o magistracy_n for_o no_o other_o than_o the_o learned_a be_v ever_o employ_v in_o the_o government_n nor_o any_o in_o the_o great_a charge_n that_o be_v not_o of_o those_o rank_n or_o degree_n of_o learning_n that_o make_v they_o term_v sage_n or_o philosopher_n or_o doctor_n among_o they_o but_o to_o comprehend_v what_o this_o government_n of_o china_n be_v and_o what_o the_o person_n employ_v in_o it_o there_o will_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o know_v what_o their_o learning_n be_v and_o how_o it_o make_v they_o fit_a for_o government_n very_o contrary_a to_o what_o we_o in_o europe_n be_v observe_v to_o do_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o such_o different_a effect_n from_o the_o same_o cause_n the_o two_o great_a hero_n of_o the_o chinese_n nation_n be_v fohu_n and_o confuchu_n who_o memory_n have_v always_o continue_v among_o they_o sacred_a and_o adore_v fohu_n live_v about_o four_o thousand_o year_n ago_o and_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o their_o kingdom_n the_o progress_n whereof_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v upon_o their_o record_n so_o clear_a that_o they_o be_v esteem_v by_o the_o missionary_n jesuit_n unquestionable_a and_o infallible_a for_o after_o the_o death_n of_o every_o king_n the_o successor_n appoint_v certain_a person_n to_o write_v the_o memorable_a action_n of_o his_o predecessor_n reign_v and_o of_o these_o 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argument_n that_o confuchu_n have_v say_v it_o some_o time_n after_o live_v a_o king_n who_o to_o raise_v a_o new_a period_n of_o time_n from_o his_o own_o name_n and_o reign_v endeavour_v to_o abolish_v the_o memory_n of_o all_o that_o have_v pass_v before_o he_o and_o cause_v all_o book_n to_o be_v burn_v except_o those_o of_o physic_n and_o agriculture_n out_o of_o this_o ruin_n to_o learning_n escape_v either_o by_o chance_n or_o some_o private_a industry_n the_o epitome_n or_o register_n of_o the_o several_a succession_n of_o their_o king_n since_o fohu_n and_o the_o work_n of_o confuchu_n or_o at_o least_o a_o part_n of_o they_o which_o have_v late_o in_o france_n be_v print_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n with_o a_o learned_a preface_n by_o some_o of_o the_o missionary_n jesuit_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o work_n of_o confutius_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o tyrannous_a and_o ambitious_a king_n these_o write_n come_v abroad_o and_o be_v
the_o old_a book_n we_o have_v be_v still_o in_o their_o kind_n the_o best_a the_o two_o most_o ancient_a that_o i_o know_v of_o in_o prose_n among_o those_o we_o call_v profane_a author_n be_v aesop_n fable_n and_o phalaris_n epistle_n both_o live_n near_o the_o same_o time_n which_o be_v that_o of_o cyrus_n and_o pythagoras_n as_o the_o first_o have_v be_v agree_v by_o all_o age_n since_o for_o the_o great_a master_n in_o his_o kind_n and_o all_o other_o of_o that_o sort_n have_v be_v but_o imitation_n of_o his_o original_a so_o i_o think_v the_o epistle_n of_o phalaris_n to_o have_v more_o race_n more_o spirit_n more_o force_n of_o wit_n and_o genius_n than_o any_o other_o i_o have_v ever_o see_v either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a i_o know_v several_a learned_a man_n or_o that_o usual_o pass_v for_o such_o under_o the_o name_n of_o critic_n have_v not_o esteem_v they_o genuine_a and_o politian_n with_o some_o other_o have_v attribute_v they_o to_o lucian_n but_o i_o think_v he_o 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aristotle_n of_o who_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o than_o what_o i_o think_v be_v allow_v by_o all_o that_o they_o be_v in_o their_o several_a kind_n inimitable_a so_o be_v caesar_n sallust_n and_o cicero_n in_o they_o who_o be_v the_o ancient_a of_o the_o latin_a i_o speak_v still_o of_o prose_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o little_a of_o old_a cato_n upon_o rustic_a affair_n the_o height_n and_o purity_n of_o the_o roman_a style_n as_o it_o begin_v towards_o the_o time_n of_o lucretius_n which_o be_v about_o that_o of_o the_o jugurthin_n war_n so_o it_o end_v about_o that_o of_o tiberius_n and_o the_o last_o strain_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v velleius_n paterculus_n the_o purity_n of_o the_o greek_a last_v a_o great_a deal_n long_o and_o must_v be_v allow_v till_o trajan_n time_n when_o plutarch_n write_v who_o greek_a be_v much_o more_o estimable_a than_o the_o latin_a of_o tacitus_n his_o contemporary_a after_o this_o last_o i_o know_v none_o that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o latin_a in_o comparison_n of_o what_o go_v before_o they_o especial_o in_o the_o augustan_n age_n if_o any_o it_o be_v the_o little_a treatise_n of_o minutius_n foelix_n all_o latin_a book_n that_o we_o have_v till_o the_o end_n of_o trajan_n and_o all_o greek_a till_o the_o end_n of_o marcus_n antoninus_n have_v a_o true_a and_o very_a esteemable_a value_n all_o write_v since_o that_o time_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o have_v little_o more_o than_o what_o come_v from_o the_o relation_n of_o event_n we_o be_v glad_a to_o know_v or_o the_o controversy_n of_o opinion_n in_o religion_n or_o law_n wherein_o the_o busy_a world_n have_v be_v so_o much_o employ_v the_o great_a wit_n among_o the_o modern_n have_v be_v in_o my_o opinion_n and_o in_o their_o several_a kind_n of_o the_o italian_n boccace_n machiavelli_n and_o padre_n paolo_n among_o the_o spaniard_n cervantes_n that_o write_v don_n quixot_n and_o guevara_n among_o the_o french_a rabelais_n and_o montagne_n among_o the_o english_a sir_n philip_n sidney_n bacon_n and_o selden_n i_o mention_v nothing_o of_o what_o be_v write_v upon_o the_o subject_a of_o divinity_n wherein_o the_o spanish_a and_o english_a pen_n have_v be_v most_o conversant_a and_o most_o excel_v the_o modern_a french_a be_v voiture_fw-fr rochfaucalt'_v memoir_n bussy_n amour_n de_fw-fr gaul_n with_o several_a other_o little_a relation_n or_o memoirs_fw-fr that_o have_v run_v this_o age_n which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o entertain_v and_o seem_v to_o have_v refine_v the_o french_a language_n to_o a_o degree_n that_o can_v be_v well_o exceed_v i_o doubt_v it_o may_v have_v happen_v there_o as_o it_o do_v in_o all_o work_n that_o the_o more_o they_o be_v file_v and_o polish_a the_o less_o they_o have_v of_o weight_n and_o of_o strength_n and_o as_o that_o language_n have_v much_o more_o fineness_n and_o smoothness_n at_o this_o time_n so_o i_o take_v it_o to_o have_v have_v much_o more_o force_n spirit_n and_o compass_n in_o montagne_n age._n since_o those_o accident_n which_o contribute_v to_o the_o restoration_n of_o learning_n almost_o extinguish_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n have_v be_v observe_v it_o will_v be_v just_a to_o mention_v some_o that_o may_v have_v hinder_v the_o advancement_n of_o it_o in_o proportion_n to_o what_o may_v have_v be_v expect_v from_o the_o mighty_a growth_n and_o progress_n make_v in_o the_o first_o age_n after_o its_o recovery_n one_o great_a reason_n may_v have_v be_v that_o very_o soon_o after_o the_o entry_n of_o learning_n upon_o the_o scene_n of_o christendom_n another_o be_v make_v by_o many_o of_o the_o new-learned_n man_n into_o the_o inquiry_n and_o contest_v about_o matter_n of_o religion_n the_o manner_n and_o maxim_n and_o institution_n introduce_v by_o the_o clergy_n for_o seven_o or_o eight_o century_n past_a the_o authority_n of_o scripture_n and_o tradition_n of_o pope_n and_o of_o council_n of_o the_o ancient_a father_n and_o of_o the_o late_a schoolman_n and_o casuist_n of_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a power_n the_o humour_n of_o ravel_v into_o all_o these_o mystical_a or_o entangle_v matter_n mingle_v with_o the_o interest_n and_o passion_n of_o prince_n and_o of_o party_n and_o thereby_o heighten_v or_o inflame_v produce_v infinite_a dispute_n raise_v violent_a heat_n throughout_o all_o part_n of_o christendom_n and_o soon_o end_v in_o many_o defection_n or_o reformation_n from_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o in_o several_a new_a institution_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a in_o diverse_a country_n which_o have_v be_v since_o root_v and_o establish_v in_o almost_o all_o the_o north-west_n part_n the_o endless_a dispute_n and_o litigious_a quarrel_n upon_o all_o these_o subject_n favour_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n engage_v in_o they_o either_o take_v up_o whole_o or_o general_o employ_v the_o thought_n the_o study_n the_o application_n the_o endeavour_n of_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o fine_a wit_n the_o deep_a scholar_n and_o the_o most_o learned_a writer_n that_o the_o age_n produce_v many_o excellent_a spirit_n and_o the_o most_o penetrate_a geny_n that_o may_v have_v make_v admirable_a progress_n and_o advances_n in_o many_o other_o science_n be_v sink_v and_o over_o whelm_v in_o the_o abyss_n of_o dispute_n about_o matter_n of_o religion_n without_o ever_o turn_v their_o look_n or_o thought_n any_o other_o way_n to_o these_o dispute_n of_o the_o pen_n succeed_v those_o of_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o ambition_n of_o great_a prince_n and_o minister_n mingle_v with_o the_o zeal_n or_o cover_v with_o the_o pretence_n of_o religion_n have_v for_o a_o hundred_o year_n past_a infest_a christendom_n with_o almost_o a_o perpetual_a course_n or_o succession_n either_o of_o civil_a or_o of_o foreign_a war_n the_o noise_n and_o disorder_n whereof_o have_v be_v ever_o the_o most_o capital_a enemy_n of_o the_o muse_n who_o be_v seat_v by_o the_o ancient_a fable_n upon_o 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