between him and Pyrrhus for besides the inroads he made into Thessaly the innate disease of Princes Ambition of greater Empire rendred their Neighbourhood formidable and suspected especially since Deidamia's death and both having seiz'd Macedon they came foul upon the same thing and the difference between them had the fairer colours Demetrius having entred into a War with the Aetolians and subdu'd them and left Pantanchus there with a considerable Army march'd directly against Pyrrhus and Pyrrhus as he thought against him but by mistake of the ways they past by one another Demetrius falling into Epirus wasted the Country and Pyrrhus meeting with Pantanchus prepar'd for an Engagement The Soldiers falling in pell-mell there was a sharp and great Fight especially where the Generals were Pantanchus in courage dexterity and strength of body being confessedly the best of all Demetrius his Captains and having both Resolution and Conduct challeng'd Pyrrhus to fight hand to hand on the other side Pyrrhus not less than any of the Kings in Valour and Glory and esteeming the Honour of Achilles rather due to him for his Courage than his Blood advanc'd against Pantanchus through the Front of the Army First they us'd their Lances then came to a close Fight and manag'd their Swords both with Art and Force Pyrrhus receiving one wound but returning two for it one in the Thigh the other near the Neck repuls'd and overthrew Pantanchus but did not kill him outright for he was suddenly rescu'd by his Friends the Epirots rais'd with the Victory of their King and admiring his Courage forc'd through and cut in pieces the close Body of the Macedonians and pursuing those that fled kill'd many and took 5000 Prisoners This Fight did not so much exasperate the Macedonians with Anger for their Loss or with Hatred to Pyrrhus as it caus'd an Esteem and Admiration of his Virtue and a great Discourse among those that saw what he did and were engag'd against him in the Action They thought his Countenance and Swiftness and Motion exprest those of the Great Alexander and that in him they beheld Shadows and Resemblances of his Vivacity and Strength in Fight other Kings in Purple and Guards and a formal bending of their Necks and speaking in a lofty tone only Pyrrhus in Arms and Action representing Alexander Of his Knowledge in Military Order and Discipline and his Great ability that way we have the best information from the Commentaries he left behind him about this Argument Antigonus being ask'd who was the greatest Souldier said Pyrrhus if he liv'd to be old meaning those only of his own time Hannibal of great Commanders esteem'd Pyrrhus for Sufficiency and Conduct the first Scipio the second and himself the third as is reported in the Life of Scipio In a word he seem'd ever to make this all his Thought and Philosophy as the most Kingly part of Learning other Curiosities he held in no Account He is reported when ask'd at a Feast whether he thought Python or Caphisias the best Musician to have said Polysperchon was the best Souldier as becoming a King only to enquire and understand such things Towards his Familiars he was mild and not easily incensed forward and ready in answering Kindnesses so that when Aeropus was dead he could not bear it with moderation saying he indeed had suffer'd what was common to humane Nature but condemning and blaming himself that by puttings off and delays he had not return'd his kindness in time for our Debts may be satisfy'd to the Creditor's Heirs but the acknowledgement of receiv'd Favours not paid in while they to whom it is due can be sensible of it afflicts a good and a worthy Nature Some thinking it fit that Pyrrhus should banish a certain ill-tongu'd Fellow in Ambracia who had spoke very indecently of him let him rather said he spake against me here to a few than rambling about to a great many And others who in their Wine had made reflections upon him being afterward question'd for it he ask'd them whether they spoke such words one of the young Fellows told him Yes Sir those very words and should have said more if we had had more Wine at which smiling he discharg'd them After Antigone's death he married several Wives to enlarge his Interest and Power He had the Daughter of Antoleon King of Paeonia Barcenna Bardyllis the Illyrian's Daughter Lanassa Daughter of Agathocles the Syracusian who brought with her in Dowry the City of Cercyra taken by Agathocles By Antigone he had Ptolomee Alexander by Lanassa and Helenus the youngest by Barcenna he brought them up all in Arms hot and eager Youths and by him sharpned to war from their very Infancy 'T is said when one of them yet a child ask'd him to which he would leave his Kingdom he reply'd to him that had the sharpest Sword which was much like that Tragical Curse of Oedipus to his Sons Divide not as the Common Rout But with the Sword each cut his portion out So unsociable and brutal are the measures which Ambition takes After this Battle Pyrrhus returning gloriously home entertain'd himself with the sense of his own Honour and Greatness of Mind and being call'd Eagle by the Epirots By you says he I am an Eagle for how should I not be such while I am born up by your Arms as on Wings A little after having Intelligence that Demetrius was dangerously sick he fell on a sudden into Macedon intending only an Incursion and to harrass the Country but was very near seizing upon all and taking the Kingdom without a blow He march'd as far as Edessa unresisted great numbers deserting and coming in to him This danger excited Demetrius beyond his Strength and his Friends and Commanders in a short time got a considerable Army together and with all their Forces briskly attack'd Pyrrhus who comming only to pillage would not stand a Fight but retreating lost part of his Army as he went off by the close pursuit of the Macedonians Demetrius although he had easily and quickly forc'd Pyrrhus out of the Country yet did not slight him but having resolv'd upon great Designs and to recover his Father's Kingdom with an Army of 100000 men and 500 Sail of Ships would neither embroil himself with Pyrrhus nor leave the Macedonians so active and troublesome a Neighbour and since he had no leisure to continue the War with him was willing to treat and conclude a Peace and to turn his Forces upon the other Kings Articles being agreed upon the Designs of Demetrius quickly discover'd themselves by the greatness of his preparation And the other Kings being alarm'd sent to Pyrrhus Ambassadors and Letters expressing their wonder that he losing so fair an Occasion would rather stay till Demetrius was ready to fight and being now able to chase him out of Macedon involv'd in designs and disturb'd would expect till he were at Leisure and grown greater and
most ungovernable of all humane Passions could then yield to the necessities of the State Cimon as soon as he returned put an end to the War and reconciled the two Cities Peace thus establish'd seeing the Athenians impatient of being Idle and eager after the Honour and Spoils of War lest they should set upon the Grecians themselves or with so many Ships cruising about the Isles and Peloponnesus they should give Occasions to intestine Wars or Complaints of their Allies against them He equipped two hundred Galleys with design to make an attempt upon Aegypt and Cyprus by this means to use the Athenians to fight against the Barbarians and enrich themselves by spoiling those who are by nature Enemies to Greece But when all things were prepared and the Army ready to imbark Cimon had this Dream It seemed to him an angry Bitch bark'd at him and a kind of humane voice mixt with barking uttered these Words Go on for shortly thou shalt be A Friend to my young Whelps and me This Dream was hard to interpret yet Astyphylus of Posidonium a man skilled in Divinations and intimate with Cimon told him that his Death was presaged by this Vision which he thus explained A Dog is Enemy to him he barks at and one is always most a friend to ones Enemies when one is dead that mixture of humane Voice with barking signifies the Modes for the Army of the Medes is mixt of Greeks and Barbarians But after this Dream as he was sacrificing to Bacchus and the Priest cutting up the Victim a great number of Emmets taking up the little congealed particles of the blood laid them about Cimon's great Toe This was not observed a good while but as soon as Cimon spied it the Priest came and shewed him the Liver of the Sacrifice imperfect wanting that part of it which they called the head of the Entrail But he could not then recede from the Enterprize so he set sail sixty of his Ships he sent toward Aegypt with the rest he went and fought the King of Persia's Fleet composed of Phaenician and Cilician Sail subdued all the Cities thereabout and threatned Aegypt designing no less than the entire Ruin of the Persian Empire And the rather for that he was informed Themistocles was in great repute among the Barbarians and had promised the King to lead his Army whenever he should make War upon Greece but they say Themistocles losing all hopes of compassing his designs and despairing to equal the Vertue and good fortune of Cimon dyed a voluntary Death Cimon still framing great designs and keeping his Navy about the Isle of Cyprus sent Messengers to Consult the Oracle of Jupiter Hammon upon some secret matter for 't is not known about what they were sent the God would give them no Answer but commanded them to return again for that Cimon was already with him Hearing this they returned to Sea and as soon as they came to the Grecian Army which was then about Aegypt they understood that Cimon was dead and computing the time of the Oracle they found that his Death was meant by it as being then with the Gods Some say he died of Sickness at Citium in Cyprus and others of a wound he received in a Skirmish with the Barbarians when he perceived he should dye he commanded those under his charge to return to their Country and by no means to spread the news of his Death by the way this they did with such secrecy that they all came home safe and neither their Enemies nor Allies knew what had hapned Thus as Phaenodemus relates the Grecian Army was as it were conducted by Cimon thirty days after he was dead But with him perished all the good fortune of Greece for after his Death there was not a Commander that did any thing considerable or which might deserve the name of a great action and instead of uniting against their common Enemies they who bore sway in the Principal Cities animated them against one another to that degree that none durst or would interpose their good Offices to reconcile them Thus by mutual discord ruining themselves the Persians had time to recover Breath and repair all their losses 'T is true indeed Agesilaus made some shew of the Grecian Forces in Asia but 't was a long time after he seemed to revive some little appearances of a War against the Kings Lieutenants in the Provinces but they all quickly vanisht for before he could perform any thing of moment he was recalled by civil Dissentions at home So that he was forced to leave the Persian Kings Officers to impose what Tribute they pleased on the Grecian Cities in Asia tho under the Dominion of the Lacedaemonians Whereas in the time of Cimon no Officer of What Quality or Character soever could Command there nor durst any Souldier in Arms come within four hundred furlongs of the Sea The Monuments called Cimonian to this day in Athens shew that to be the place of his Burial yet the Inhabitants of the City Citium pay particular honour to a certain Tomb which they call the Tomb of Cimon according to Nausicrates the Rhetorician who also reports that in a Famine when there necessities were very great they sent to the Oracle which commanded them to honour Cimon as a God Thus have I drawn the Life of this Famous Captain and by these Proportions judge of him LUCULLUS See siere Lucullus sues He humbly bends Of PRISCA bvys his Honors and his friends The way is base but thus hard state commands For ffortune still is in a Womans hands THE LIFE OF LUCULLUS Translated by Giles Thornburgh A. M. VOLUME III. LVCVLLVS his Grandfather had been Consul his Uncle by the Mothers Sister was Metelius surnamed Numidicus As for his Parents his Father was convict of Extortion and his Mother Caecilia's Reputation was blasted by her loose Life The first thing that Lucullus did before ever he came to any Office or medled with the Affairs of State being then but a Youth was to accuse the Accuser of his Father Servilius the Augur having caught him in a Publick Trespass This thing was much taken notice of among the Romans who commended his Justice therein as an Act of singular Vertue Even without the Provocation the Accusation was esteem'd no unbecoming Action for they delighted to see young Men as eagerly pursuing injustice as good Dogs do wild Beasts But when great Animosities arose thereupon insomuch that some were wouned and killed in the Fray Servilius fled Lucullus followed his Study and became Master of the Greek and Latin Tongues which made Sylla dedicate to him the commentaries of his Life which he wrote himself that the History thereof might be more methodically ordered and digested His Speech was not Elegant and ready for Gain only like one That disturbs the Hall as a mad Thynnus doth the Waters Out of it altogether as dry illiterate and mute For in his younger days he chiefly addicted himself to the
Political part of Government he excelled them and every one else And this too when he was very young his years not yet confirmed by any experience For when Themistocles upon the Medes threatning them with an Invasion advised the Athenians to forsake their Town and the Country about it and to carry all their Arms on Ship board and in the Streights of Salamis dispute the Dominion of the Sea with their Enemies When all the World stood amazed at the Confidence and Rashness of this advice Cimon only was not at all surprised but chearfully passed through the Street of Ceramicon accompanied with other young Men toward the Castle carrying a Bridle in his hand to offer to the Goddess Minerva by this intimating that there was no more need of Horsemen now but Mariners Thus after he had paid his Devotions to the Goddess and offer'd up the Bridle he took down the Bucklers that hung upon the Walls of the Temple and so went down to the Port. By this Example he encouraged the Citizens to follow him in order to their Embarking Besides he was an handsome Person of a just Stature his Hair thick and curled After he had acquitted himself gallantly in this Battle of Salamis he obtained a great Reputation among the Athenians and they not only admired his Actions but loved his Person So that they were continually enflaming him with Emulation to perform Deeds as Famous as that of Marathon that entertaining great Conceptions of things he might act sutably thereunto The People were very glad when they saw him applying himself to matters of State for they were disgusted with Themistocles In opposition to whom and because of the Candor and Freeness of Cymon's Temper which was agreeable to every one they advanced him to the highest Employments in the Government The man that contributed most to his Promotions was Aristides who still cultivated that honest Genius he saw in him And purposely raised him that he might be a Counterpoise to the Craft and repress the insolence of Themistocles But when the Medes were driven out of Greece Cimon being Admiral though the Athenians had not yet attained the Chief Dominion but still followed Pausanias and the Lacedaemonians he kept his Citizens in Heart and by the Goodness of their Order and Equipage but chiefly by their Valour they were distinguished from the rest Besides he perceiving that Pausanias managed an intelligence with the King of Persia to betray Greece to the Barbarians and puft up with Arrogance and Success treated his Allies haughtily and committed Insolencies upon them Cimon taking this advantage robbed him of the Esteem and Command of the Greeks before he was aware This he did not by open Enmity but by affable Discourse and the Obligingness of his Conversation So that the Allies no longer able to endure the Sourness and Pride of Pausanias revolted all from him to Cimon and Aristides Who having gain'd such a Party from him writ to the Ephori of Sparta and sent particular Messengers to complain of him desiring them to recall a Man who was a dishonour to Sparta and a trouble to Greece They report of Pausanias that when he was in Bysantium he sollicited a young Lady of a noble Family in the City whose name was Cleonice to debauch her Her Parents dreading the cruel Humour of the Man were forced to consent and so abandon'd their Daughter to his Embraces Cleonice commanded the Servants to put out all the Lights So that approaching silently and in the dark towards his Bed she stumbled upon the Lamp which she overturned and spilled Pausanias who was fallen asleep awaked and startled with the noise thought an assassin had taken that dead time of the Night to murder him so that hastily snatching up his Poinard that lay by him he wounded his supposed Enemy to Death After this he never enjoyed himself but was disturbed in his Thoughts For his Dear Mistress haunted his Bed and would not let him Sleep but interrupted his repose with these Angry Words Villain be just at last and so repent Or see the hand that brings thy Punishment This Tragical Accident gave the last stroke to his Ruin For after this the Allies joyning their Resentments and Forces with Cimon's besieged him in Byzantium but he escaped out of their Hands and fled to Heraclea Here coming to a place which might be called the Oracle of the Dead where they raise up Spirits to know future Events he solemnly invoked Cleonice and intreated her Ghost to be reconciled Accordingly she appeared to him and answered him in these Words As soon as thou comest to Sparta thou shalt be freed from all the Misfortunes which now afflict thee Hereby obscurely foretelling in my opinion that imminent Death he was to suffer This is the Story that is told of him Cimon strengthned with this accession of the Allies went General into Thrace For he was told that some great Men among the Persians of the Kings Kindred having possessed themselves of Eione a City situated upon the River Strymon infested the Greeks which confin'd upon them First he defeated these Persians and shut them up within the Walls of their Town Then he fell upon the Thracians themselves who were Borderers because they supply'd those of Eione with Victuals he drove them entirely out of the Country and took possession of it as Conqueror By this means he reduced the Besieged to such straights that Butes who Commanded there for the King in a desperate resolution set fire to the Town and burned himself his Goods and all his Relations in one common Flame By this means Cimon got the Town but no great Booty for these Barbarians not only consumed themselves in the Fire but the richest of their Moveables However the Country about it he gave the Athenians which was a pleasant and fruitful Soil For this Action the People permitted him to erect Stone Mercuries upon the First of which was this Inscription Those were the valiant Heros who in Thrace Did Conquering the Persians them disgrace By Sword and Famine made them all to die And unto Death as to a refuge fly Upon the Second was this This Monument did grateful Athens raise To give to her Commanders lasting Praise That this might make her Emulous Sons contend Encountring Death their Country to defend This was the Inscription of the Third Since Mnestheus to Atrides Succours led From Athens by whose Hands his Foes lay dead And as old Homer doth report the same All Troy did tremble at this Warriour's Name Then no one justly ought for to admire That Athens to this Honour doth aspire None are so Wise and Valiant as They As Chiefs to Lead as Soldiers to Obey Tho' the Name of Cimon is not mention'd in these Inscriptions yet his Contemporaries do assert them wholly as erected to his Honour and being so it was a peculiar one to him For Miltiades and Themistocles could never obtain the like And when Miltiades desired a Crown of Olive one
him What evil Genius would he often say hurries us perpetually from worse to worse and we who disdained to obey the Dictates of Sylla the great Ruler of Sea and Land and might have lived at home in Peace and Quiet are come hither to our destruction hoping to enjoy Liberty where most wretchedly we have made our selves Slaves of our own accord and are become the contemptible Guards and Attendants of the banished Sertorias who that he may expose us the further gives us a name that renders us ridiculous to all that hear it and calls us the Senate when at the same time he makes us undergo more hard Labour and forces us to be more subject to his haughty Commands and Insolencies than the poor Spaniards and Lusitanians With these mutinous Discourses he continually seduced them and many who could not be brought to fall into Rebellion openly against Sertorius fearing his great Power and Authority were prevailed with to endeavour to destroy his Interest secretly and by many ways to ruin his Affairs For by abusing the Lusitanians and Spaniards by inflicting severe Punishments upon them by raising exorbitant Taxes and by pretending that all this was done by the strict Command of Sertorius they caused great Troubles and made many Cities to revolt and those who were sent to mitigate and heal these Differences did rather exasperate them and encrease the Number of his Enemies and left them at their return more obstinate and rebellious than they found them Which so highly incensed Sertorius and caused so great an alteration in his former Clemency and Goodness towards the Spaniards Sons educated in the great City of Osca that coontrary to all Civil Justicie he cruelly put some of them to Death and sold others In the mean time Perpenna having encreased the Number of his Conspirators drew in Manlius a Commander in the Army who at that time loved a Youth and to endear him the more discovered the Confederacy to him perswading him to neglect his other Lovers and to be constant to him alone who in a few days was to be a person of great Power and Authority but the Youth having a greater Inclination for Aufidius disclosed all to him which much surprized and amazed him for he was also one of the Confederacy but knew not that Manlius was any ways engaged therein but when the Youth began to name Perpenna Gracinus and others which he knew very well were sworn Conspirators he was very much terrified and astonished but made slight of it to the youth and bid him not regard what Manlius said a vain boasting fellow but however went presently to Perpenna and giving him notice of the danger they were in and of the shortness of their time desired him immediately to put their designs in Execution and when all the Confederates had consented to it they provided a Messenger who brought feigned Letters to Sertorius in which he had notice of a Victory obtained by one of his Lieutenants and of the great slaughter of his Enemies and as Sertorius being extreamly well pleased was Sacrificing and giving thanks to the Gods for his prosperous Success Perpenna invited him and those with him who were also of the Conspiracy to an Entertainment and being very importunate prevailed with him to come At all Suppers and Entertainments where Sertorius was present great Order and Decency was wont to be observed for he would not endure to hear or see any thing that was rude or unhandsome and their Freedom and Mirth was Modest and Inoffensive but in the middle of this Entertainment those who sought occasion to quarrel fell into dissolute Discourses openly and making as if they were very Drunk committed many Insolencies on purpose to provoke him and Sertorius being Offended with their ill behaviour or perceiving the unquietness of their Minds by their muttering and sudden disrespect changed the posture of his lying and leaned backward as one that neither heard nor regarded them When Perpenna took a Cup full of Wine and as he was drinking let it fall out of his hand and made a noise which was the sign agreed on between them and Antonius who was next to Sertorius immediately wounded him with his Sword and whilst Sertorius upon receiving the Wound turned himself and strove to get up Antonius threw himself upon his Breast and held both his hands whereby not being able to free himself he was exposed to the fury of the rest of the Confederates who killed him upon the place with many Wounds Upon the first News of his Death most of the Spaniards left the Conspirators and sent Embassadors to Pompey and Metellus and yielded themselves up to them Perpenna attempted to do something with those that remained but he made so ill use of Sertorius's Arms and Preparations for War that he soon made it evident to all that he understood no more how to Command than he knew how to Obey and when he came against Pompey he was soon overthrown and taken Prisoner neither did he bear this last affliction with any bravery of Mind but having torius's Papers and Writings in his hands he offered to shew Pompey Letters from Persons of Consular Dignity and of the highest Quality in Rome written with their own hands expresly to call Sertorius into Italy and to let him know what great Numbers there were that did earnestly desire to alter the present State of Affairs and to introduce another manner of Government Upon this occasion Pompey behaved himself not like a young Man or one of a light inconsiderate Mind but as a Generous Commander of a confirmed mature solid Judgment whereby he freed Rome from great Fears and Innovations for he put all Sertorius's Writings together and read not one of them nor suffered any one else to read them but burnt them all and caused Perpenna immediately to be put to Death lest by discovering their Names further Troubles and Revolutions might ensue Of the rest of the Conspirators with Perpenna some of them were taken and slain by the Command of Pompey others fled into Africa and were set upon by the Moors and run through with their Darts and in a short time not one of them was left alive except only Aufidius the Rival of Manlius who hiding himself or not being much enquired after dyed an Old Man in an obscure Village in Spain in extreme Poverty and hated by all The Comparison of Sertorius with Eumenes THese are the most Remarkable Passages that are come to our knowledge concerning Eumenes and Sertorius In comparing their Lives we may observe that this was common to them both that being Aliens Strangers and banished Men they came to be Commanders of Powerful Forces and had the leading of Numerous and Warlike Armies made up of divers Nations This was peculiar to Sertorius that the Chief Command was by his whole Party freely yielded to him as to the Person undoubtedly of the greatest merit and of the highest Worth and Renown whereas many