other light armed men to the number of thirteene hundred sufficiently furnished of all warlicke and necessarie munition Now after they were arriued on the coaste of ITALIE they landed in the citie of RHEGIO where holding counsell in what sorte they should direct these warres it was resolued in the ende that they should goe straight vnto SICILIA This opinion was followed although Nicias dyd contrarie it when Lamachus gaue his consent thereunto and at his first comming he was the occasion of winning the cittie of CATANA But he neuer after dyd any exployte for he was called home immediatly by the ATHENIANS to come and aunswer certaine accusations layed to his charge For as we tolde you before there was at the beginning certaine light suspitions and accusations put vp against him by some slaues and straungers But afterwards when he was gone his enemies enforced them and burdened him more cruelly adding to his former faulte that he had broken the images of Mercurie and had committed sacriledge in counterfeating in ieast and mockery the holy ceremonies of the mysteries and blue into the â—ares of the people that both the one and the other proceeded of one set conspiracie to chaunge and alter the gouernment of the state of the citie Vpon these informations the people tooke it in so ill parte that they committed all to prisone that were in any sorte accused or suspected thereof and would neuer let them come to their aunswer and moreouer dyd much repent them that they had not condemned Alcibiades vpon so great complaintes and informations as were exhibited against him while his offense was in question before them And the furie and hatred of the people was such towards him that if any of Alcibiades friends and acquaintance came within their daunger they were the worse handled for his sake Thucydides dyd not name his accusers but some other doe name Dioclides and Teucer amongest whom Phrynicus the Comicall poet is one who discouereth it in his verses by bringing in one that speaketh thus to the image of Mercury My good friend Mercury I praye thee take good heede that thou fall not and breake thy necke for so thou mightst me breede both daunger and distrust and though I giltles be some Dioclides falsely might accuse and trouble me Mercury aunswereth Take thou no thought for me my selfe I shall vvell saue and vvill foresee full vvell therevvith that Teucer that false knaue shall not the money get vvhich he by lavve hath vvonne for his promovvters bribing parte and accusation And yet for all this these tokens doe showe no certaintie of any thing For one of them being asked howe he could knowe them by their faces in the night that had broken and defaced these images he aunswered that he knewe them well enough by the brightnes of the moone And hereby it appeareth playnely that he was periured bicause that the same night on the which this fact was committed there was a coniunction of the moone This dyd a litle trouble and staye men of iudgement howbeit the common sorte of people this notwithstanding dyd not leaue to be as sharpe set to receyue all accusations and informations that were brought in against him as euer they were before Now there was among the prisoners whose cause was hanging before them the orator Andocides whom Hellanicus the historiographer describeth to descend of the race of Vlysses whom they tooke to be a man that hated the gouernment of the common people and bent altogether to fauour the small number of the nobilitie But one of the chiefest occasions why he was suspected to be one of them that had broken the images was for that hard by his house there was a fayer great image set vp in olde time by the familie or tribe of the AEgeides and that alone amongest all the rest of so many famous images was lefte whole and vnbroken whereupon it is called at this daye the Mercury of Andocides and is so called generally of euery bodye albeit the inscription sheweth the contrarie Andocides being in prisone chaunced to fall in acquaintaunce with one Timaeus with whom he was more familliar then with all the rest who was also prisoner with him for the self cause This Timaeus was a man not so well knowen as he but besides a wise man and very hardie He persuaded him and put into his head that he should accuse him selfe and certaine other with him for taking the matter vpon him and confessing it he should receyue grace pardone according to the course and promise of the lawe Where contrarilie if he should stande vpon the curtesie of the iudges sentence he might easely endaunger him self bicause iudgements in such cases are vncertaine to all people and most to be doubted and feared toward the riche And therefore he told him it were his best waye if he looked into the matter wisely by lying to saue his life rather then to suffer death with shame and to be condemned apon this false accusation Also he sayed if he would haue regarde to the coÌ„mon wealth that it should in like case be wisely done of him to put in daunger a fewe of those which stood doubtfull whether in trothe they were any of them or not to saue from the furie of the people and terrour of death many honest men who in deede were innocent of this lewde fact Timaeus wordes and persuasions wrought such effect with Andocides that they made him yeld vnto them brought him to accuse him selfe certaine other with him by meanes whereof Alcibiades according to the lawe had his pardone But all suche as he named and accused were euery man put to death sauing suche as saued them selues by ronning awaye Furthermore to shadowe his accusation with some apparaunce of trothe Andocides among those that were accused dyd accuse also certen of his owne seruaunts Now though the people had no more occasion to occupie their busie heades about the breakers of these images yet was not their malice thus appeased against Alcibiades vntill they sent the galley called Salaminiana commaunding those they sent by a speciall coÌ„mission to seeke him out in no case to attempt to take him by force nor to laye holde on him by violence but to vse him with all the good wordes and curteous manner that they possibly could to will him only to appeare in persone before the people to aunswer to certaine accusations put vp against him If otherwise they should haue vsed force they feared muche least the armie would haue mutined on his behalfe within the countrie of their enemies and that there would haue growen some sedition amongest their souldiers This might Alcibiades haue easely done if he had bene disposed For the souldiers were very sorie to see him departe perceyuing that the warres should be drawen out now in length and be much prolonged vnder Nicias seeing Alcibiades was taken from them who was the only spurre that pricked Nicias forward to doe
desirous to bring his men safe home againe who most of loue had followed him beganne to marche away through narrow bushy places him selfe being in the rereward and turned oftentimes vpon his enemies skirmished with them onely to driue them away from followinge of the rest of his company and not a man that durst once set apon him for they did but cry outaloofe and wheele as it were about him Howebeit Philopoemen sundry times venturinge farre from his company to geue these young noble men leasure to saue them selues one after an other tooke no heede to him selfe that he was alone enuironned on euery side with a great number of ennemies Notwithstandinge of all his enemies there was not a man that durst come to hande strokes with him but still slinging and shooting at him a farre of they draue him in the end amongest stony places betwene hewen rockes where he had much a doe to guide his horse although he had spurred him that he was all of a gore blood And as for his age that did not lette him but he might haue saued him selfe for he was strong and lusty by the continuall exercise he tooke but by cursed happe his body being weake with sickenes and weary with the long iorney he had made that day he founde him selfe very heauy and ill disposed that his horse stumbling with him threwe him to the grounde His fall was very great and brused all his head that he lay for dead in the place a great while and neuer sturred nor spake so that his enemies thinkinge he had bene dead came to turne his body to strippe him But when they saw him lift vp his head and open his eyes then many of them fell all at once apon him and tooke him and bounde both his hands behinde him and did all the villany and mischiefe they could vnto him and such as one would litle haue thought Dinocrates would haue vsed in that sorte or that he could haue had such an ill thought towardes him So they that taried behinde in the city of MESSINA were maruelous glad when they heard these newes and ranne all to the gates of the city to see him brought in When they saw him thus shamefully bounde and pinnioned against the dignity of so many honors as he had receiued and of so many triumphes and victories as he had passed the most parte of them wept for pitie to consider the mishappe and ill fortune of mans nature where there is so litle certainety as in maner it is nothing Then beganne there some curteous speeche to runne in the mouthes of the people by litle and litle that they should remember the great good he had done vnto them in times past and the liberty he had restored them vnto when he expulsed the tyran Nabis out of MESSINA But there were other againe howbeit very few that to please Dinocrates sayed they should hang him on a gibbet and put him to death as a daungerous enemy and that would neuer forgiue man that had once offended him and the rather bicause he would be more terrible to Dinocrates then euer he was before if he escaped his hands receiuing such open shame by him Neuertheles in the end they caried him into a certen dungeon vnder the ground called the treasury which had neither light nor ayer at all into it nor dore nor half dore but a great stone rolled on the mouth of the dungeon and so they did let him downe the same and stopped the hole againe with the stone and watched it with armed men for to keepe him Now when these younge noble ACHAIAN horsemen had fled vppon the spurre a great way from the enemy they remembred them selues looked round about for Philopoemen finding him not in sight they supposed straight he had bene slaine Thereuppon they stayed a great while and called for him by name and perceiuing he aunswered not they beganne to say among them selues they were beastes and cowardes to flie in that sorte and how they were dishonored for euer so to haue forsaken their Captaine to saue themselues who had not spared his owne life to deliuer them from daunger Hereupon ryding on their way and enquiring still for him they were in the end aduertised how he was taken And then they went caried those newes through all the townes and cities of ACHAIA which were very sory for him and tooke it as a signe of great ill fortune toward them Wherupon they agreed to send Ambassadors forthwith to the MESSENIANS to demaunde him and in the meane time euery man should prepare to arme them selues to go thither and get him either by force or loue When the ACHAIANS had thus sent Dinocrates feared nothing so much as that delay of time might saue Philopoemenes life wherefore to preuent it as soone as night came and that the people were at rest he straight caused the stone to be rolled from the mouth of the dungeon and willed the hangman to be let downe to Philopoemen with a cuppe of poison to offer him who was commaunded also not to goe from him vntill he had dronke it When the hangman was come downe he found Philopoemen layed on the grounde apon a litle cloke hauinge no lift to sleepe he was so grieuously troubled in his minde Who when he sawe light and the man standing by him holding a cuppe in his hande with this poison he sate vpright vpon his cowch howbeit with great paine he was so weake and taking the cuppe in his hande asked the hangman if he heard any newes of the horsemen that came with him and specially of Lycortas The hangman made him answer that the most of them were saued Then he cast his handes a litle ouer his head and looking merely on him he sayd it is well seeing we are not all vnfortunate Therewith speaking no moe wordes nor makinge other a doe he droncke vp all the poison and layed him downe as before So nature straue not much withall his body being brought so lowe and thereupon the poison wrought his effect and rid him straight out of his paine The newes of his death ran presently through all ACHAIA which generally from high to low was lamented Whereupon all the ACHAIAN youth and counsellors of their cities and townes assembled them selues in the city of MEGALIPOLIS where they all agreed without delay to reuenge his death They made Lycortas their Generall vnder whose conduct they inuaded the MESSENIANS with force and violence puttinge all to the fire and sword so as the MESSENIANS were so feared with this mercilesse fury that they yelded them selues and wholly consented to receiue the ACHAIANS into their city But Dinocrates would not giue them leasure to execute him by iustice for he killed him selfe and so did all the rest make themselues away who gaue aduise that Philopoemen should be put to death But those that would haue had Philopoemen hanged on a gibbet Lycortas
against offices of perpetuity Cato woulde punish him selfe for offending That is to say vnderstanding For they iudged that the seate of reason was placed in the hart following Aristotles opinion Blushinge in younge man is a better taken then palenes A louer liueth in an other body Cato and Valerius Flaccus Consuls Catoes doings in Spayne Catoes abstinence from spoyle and bribery Discorde betwext Cato Scipio Cato ouercame the Lacetanians Catoes actes after his Consullshippe and triumphe The power of Antiochus the great Cato mocked Posthumius Albinus a Romaine for writing a story in the Greeke tongue Kinge Antiochus army Catoes doings against king Antiochus Mount Callidromus Catoos oration to his souldiers The boldenes and valliant attempt of Catoes souldiers Cato advertised of the streÌ„gth of king Antiochus campe Cato tooke the straight of Thermopyles Kinge Antiochus hurt in the face with a stone Catoes victory of kinge Antiochus Cato woulde praise his owne doings Manius sendeth Cato to Rome to cary newes of the victory Cato an accuser of men Cato fifty times accused The dignity and office of the Consor How the Censors were chosen The Senators and nobility bent all against Catoes sute Cato chosen Censor Catoes acts in his censorship Cato put Lucius Quintius Flaminius of the Senate The cause why Cato put Quintius of the Senate Lucius Quintius Flaminius wickednes cruelty Manilius put of the Senate for kissing his wife before his daughter Mery with maried men when Iupiter shundereth Banketing feastes put downe by Cato Catoes counsel for reforminge excesse at Rome Superfluous things reckened for riches Scopas goodes were all in toyes that did him no good Basilica Porcia built by Cato Catoes image set vp in the temple of the goddesse of health Honor chaungeth condition No maÌ„ should abide to be praised how for the common wealth VVhat Cato was at home in his house and towarded his wife and children Cato iudgeth the noble borne gentlewomen the best wiues Socrates patience commended bearinge with the sherwduts of his wife Catoes wife was nource to her owne childe Cato taught his sonne Chilo a grammarian VVhat exercises Cato brought vp his sonne in Catoes sonne was valiant Cato and younger maried Tertia Paulus AEmylius daughter Scipio the second was AEmylius naturall sonne Catoes discipline to his slaues Catoes opinion for sleepy meÌ„ Note how Cato altered his maner and opinion by wealth Catoes good husbandry for increasing his wealth Cato a great vserer He tooke extreame vsery by sea Carneades Diogenes Philosophers sent Ambassadors to Rome Cato misliked the Greeke tongue Catoes Phisicall booke Cato talketh with Salonius his clarke about the mariage of his daughter Catoes aunswere to his sonne of his seconde mariage Cato maried Salonius daughter being a very old man and had a sonne by her How Cato passed his age Catoes wrytinges and monuments Catoes reuenue Catoes company pleasant both to old young The table a good meane to procure loue and how table talke should be vsed Cato author of the last warres against the Carthaginians Scipio Nasica against Cato for the destroying of Carthage Catoes death Catoes posterity Aristides and Catoes accesse to the common wealth Cato in marshall affaires excelled Aristides Aristides and Catoes displeasures in the common wealth The power of innocency eloquence Oeconomia houserule The nature of oyle No man wise that is not wise to him selfe VVhether pouerty be an ill thing VVhether Aristides factes or Catoes did most benefit their contry Ambition a hatefull thing in the commoÌ„ wealth Cato reproued for his second wife Crausis Philopoemenes father Cassander Philopoemenes schoolemaister Ecdemus and Demophanes red Philosophy to Philopoemen Philopoemen the last famous maÌ„ of Greece Philopoemen taken for a seruinge man. Philopoemen hasty and wilfull Philopoemen delighted in warre martiall exercises Philopoemen did reproue wrestling Philopoemenes gaines how they were employed Philopoemenes study and care in tillage Philopoemenes delite to read Euangelus bookes of the discipline of warres Philopoemen saued the Megalopolitans from Cleomenes king of Sparta Philopoemen very sore hurt King Antigonus came to aide the Achaiads against Cleomenes king of Lacedaemon Philopoenes noble fact in the 〈…〉 against kinge Cleomenes Philopoemen hurt in fight Antigonus saying of Philopoemenes skill of a souldier Philopoemen chosen Generall of the horsemen of the Achaians Philopoemen slue Demophantus Generall of the horsemen of the AEtolians The praise of Philopoemen Aratus raised Achaia to greatnes Philopoemen and Aratus compared Aratus a sofe man in warres Philopoemen chaungeth tho Achaians order and discipline of wars Philopoemen turned all curiosity and dainty fare into braue riche armors Brauet armor incorageth mens mindes to serue nobly Philopoemen made warres with Machanidas tyran of Lacedaemon Battell fought betwene Philopoemen and Machanidas Philopoemen ouercame Machanidas army tyran of the Lacedaemonians Philopoemen slue Machanidas The onely name of Philopoemen made the Boeotians flee for feare Nabis tyran of Lacedaemon wanne the city of Messina Nabis fleeth Philopoemen Philopoemen deliuered the city of Messina from Nabis the tyran of Lacedaemon Philopoemenes seconde iorney into Creta discommanded Philopoemen made diuerse cities to rebell against the Achaians The Cretans politicke men of warre Philopoemen made Generall of the Achaians against Nabis Philopoemen ouercome by sea Nabis besiegeth the city of Gythium Philopoemen ouer came Nabis tyran of Lacedaemon in battell Titus Quintius emâ—ieth Philopoemen Nabis slaine by the AEtolians Philopoemen free from couetousnes Philopoemenes wise counsell to the Lacedaemonians howe they should bestowe their giftes Diophanes T. Quintius Flaminius do inuade Lacedaemonia Philopoemenes noble act Philopoemenes cruelty to the Spartans Philopoemen made the Spartans forsake Lycurgus law Antiochus solace and mariage as Chalcis Philopoemenes counsell against the Romaines Philopoemen chosen the eight time Generall of the Achaians being 70. yere olde Philopoemenes iorney against Dinocrates Mons Euander Philopoemenes misfortune Philopoemen taken Philopoemen poysoned by Dinocrates Philopoemenes last words Philopoemenes death The AchaiaÌ„s did reuenge Philopoemenes death Dinocrates slue him selfe Philopoemenes funerall Note the humanity of the Romaines keepinge their enemies monuments from defacing Titus Quintius first charge in warre Degrees of offices before one came to be Consull T. Q. Flaminius Sextius AElius Consulls T. Q. Flaminius maketh warre with Philip king of Macedon Titus curtesie ranne the Greecians more than his force T. Q. landed in Epirvs Apsus fâ—â— The descriptioÌ„ of the contry of Epirvs Charopus Machatas sonne the chiefe man of the Epirots T. Q. possessed the straightes of the mouÌ„taine The Macedonians flee Philips flying king of Macedon T. Q. Flaminius modesty sorbearing spoyle wanne him many frendes Pyrrus saying of the Romaines army King Attalus death The Boeotians yeld vnto the Romaines Quintius army King Philip and Quintius met with their armies neere Scotvsa Battell betwene Quintius and Philip kinge of Macedon The propertie of the Macedonian battell Quintius overcome Philippes army Mutinie betwixt the AEtolians the Romaines Alcaeus verses in disgrace of
suerer gard to a Prince then the loue of the subiects The miserable life of Aristippus the tyrant of Argos Aratus gouernment obtayned by vertue Chares fl Aratus gaue Aristippus the victorie Aratus straâ—agâ—â—â— to intrappe the tyrant Aristippus Aratus victory of the tyrant Aristippus Aristippus the tyrant slayne A philosophicall question whether trembling and chaunging of culler in daunger be a signe of cowardlines Lysiadas tyran of Megalipolis Lysiadas tyran of Megalipolis leaueth the tyrannie and yelded him selfe and his dominion vnto the Achaians Dissention betwixt Aratus and Lysiadas One of Isopes tales of the Cuckowes question to litle birdes Aratus noble counsell against the AEtolians Geraniamous Aratus setteth vpon his lascinious enemies A womaÌ„ with a Burganet of her head seemed a monstrous thing The signe of Diana with the Pallenians Aratus bringeth the AEtolians in league with the Achaians Aratus atteÌ„pteth to set Athens at libertie Aratus ouerthrowen by the Macedonians Aratus by perswasion deliuered Argos from tyrannie The loue and faith of the Achaians vnto Aratus Aratus ouerthrowen in battel by king Cleomenes hard by the mountaine Lycaeum Aratus tooke the citie of Mantinea The death of Lysiadas Aratus once againe ouerthrowen by king Cleomenes Aratus reproch A Gouernor of a common weale ought no more to forsake his contry in time of daunger then the maister of a shippe his shippe at storme and tempest The meanest man of Sparta was to be preferred before the greatest Prince of Macedon Esopes hunter Polybius Historiographer Philarchus the Historiographer not greatly to be credited Cleomenes winneth the citie of Megalipolis from the AchaiaÌ„s The spitefull letters that passed betwext Cleomenes and Aratus Aratus pâ—â—seth the rebells of Sicyone to death Aratus constancie in daunger Aratus sureletie when he fled out of Corinthe The citie of Corinth yeelded vp vnto Cleomenes Aratus in great daunger for his contrie King Cleomenes curtesie vnto Aratus The AchaiaÌ„s do send for king Antigonus Gouernors obey necessitie Antigonus honorable enterteinment to Aratus A woÌ„der shewed to Aratus Antigonus and Aratus sworne brethren The citie of Argos reuolted from Cleomenes Aristomachus drowned in the sea Aratus infamie for Aristomachus Mantinea called Antigonia by Aratus decree Aratus ouerthrowen in battell by the citie of Caphyes The AchaiaÌ„s sent for king Philip Antigonus sonne Aratus a wise counseller Enuy the coÌ„panion of vertue The beginning of displeasures betwext Aratus and Philip. The deepe dissimulacion and double dealing of king Philip. Aratus the sonnes wordes vnto Philip. The wise answere of Aratus vnto king Philip touching the safetie of a Prince Aratus the father forsooke Phillippe Philip of a curteous Prince became a cruell tyran Aratus poysoned by king Philippes meanes A kinges frendshippe daungerous The death of Aratus A law for buriall among the Sicyonians The Oracle for Aratus buriall Arativm Yearely sacrifices appointed to bones Aratus memorie The miserable death of Aratus the sonne Straunge kindes of poisoning King Philip punished for his wickednes Persaeus king Philippes sonne when Paulus AEmylius triumphed for in Rome Iphicrates saying what maner of man a Mercenarie souldier should be AEmylius saying of souldiers Platoes saying of an armie Demades saying of Alexanders armie after his death The Empire of Rome whereas likened Nymphidius Sabyne and Tigellinius betrayed Nero The hope of gifts destroies the Empire of Rome The wealth and nobility of Galba Galbaâ—s maners Galbaâ—s curtesie Iunius Vindex revelled against Nero In this place the Greeke is corruptly red pâ—â—bâ—â—â—s for peaâ—â—â—â—et Sulpitius Galba saluted by the souldiers an Emperour Galba iudged an enemie by the Senate of Rome and his goods sold by the â—rier Clodius Macer Gouernor of Africke Verginius Rufus Gouernor of Gaule Verginius Rufus called Emperour * Others read Clonia Colonia Citie of Spayne Nymphidius Sabine taketh vpon him to be Emperor Honors done to Nymphidius by the Senate made him grow no bold and insolent Neroes frieÌ„ds slayne at Rome by Nymphidius commaundemens The parentage of Nymphidius Verginius a famous Captaine The â—â—â—ditiâ—â—â— of Titus Iunius Nymphidius practises The oration of Antonius Honoratus Tribune of the souldiers vnto his mutinous souldiers Nymphidius aspireth to be Emperor Nymphidius Sabine slaine The crueltie of Galba Cornelius Tatanus calleth him Turpilianus Galba thired Rome with murder The vileueâ— of Galba Hesiodus saying Galba killeth Nereos seruaunts and officers The noble saying of the Emperour Galba Galba offended the souldiers Tumult amongest the souldiers and legione of the Romanes in Germany Othoes maners Poppea Othoes wife Otho sent Propraetor into Lusitania Othoes credit about Galba Othoes practise aspiring to the Emperor The legions in Germanie doe rebell against Galba The souldiers doe rebell against Galba Vitellius accepted the name of Germanicus but not of Caesar. Vitellius named Emperor by the souldiers Galba adopteth Piso his successor Euill signes appeared vnto Galba Ptoloâ—ers prediction of Othoes Empire Optio and Tesserarius why so called by the Romanes Otho bribed the Praetorian souldiers The presage of Ombricius the Soothsayer touching the treason practised against Galba Otho called Emperour Otho receiued of the Praetorian souldiers A shamefull lye of a souldiers Tamuls for Galba * Tachus doth call him Virgilio * Cornelius Tacitus doth call him Densus The velliansnes and sidelitie of Sempronius in discharge of his othe to the Emperour Galba The death of Sempronius The death of Galba his wordes at his death * Others doe read Marcus. The murther of Piso and T. Iunius The Senate sware by the name of Otho Citizens beades sold at Rome Othoes moderation at the beginning of his raigne Tigellinus killeth him selfe Otho at the beginning of his raigne tooke vpon him the name of Nero. Tumulâ— amongest the Praetorian souldiers The death of Crispinus Othoes liberalitie to the souldiers Vitellius rebellion Small difference betwext Otho and Vitellius maners of life VVonders seene at Rome The wonderfull ouerflowing of the riuer of Tiber. The srewâ—â—dnes of Otho and Vitellius souldiers PlaceÌ„tia the fertilest town of all Italie The praise of Othoes Captaines and dispraise of Vitellius Captaines Fabius Valens Cremona a goodly citie Paulinus Othoes Captaine accused for a coward Bebriacum a towne by Cremona Othoes consultacion of geuing battell Freshwater souldiers lamens their pleasaunt life at Rome fealing the paines and smart of a souldier Secundus the Orator secretarie vnto Otho the Emperour Vitellius a dronkard and glutton Otho a wanton and licentious liner The towne of Bresselles in hard by the riuer of Po. Battell bewixt the Othonians and Vitellians Legions called by prety names Denowrer Helper The valliantnes of the Battanâ—j in warres Note the â—riâ—â— seruice of Fensers and what souldiers they he The Othonians ouercomen in battell by the Vitellians The cowardlines of the fresh water souldiers Marius Celsus orationes Othoes souldiers perswading them to goe to Vatellius Othoes Captaines doe yeld them selues vnto Vitallius Me that fight a battell know not all thing that are done at the battell The great fidelitie of the souldiers vnto the Emperor
Otho The wonderfull corage of a souldier of Othoes The noble corage of Otho before his death â—â— his oracion to the souldiers The Emperor Othoes words to his Nephew Cocceius Otho in his death seemed to follow Case Vaican Otho slue him selfe The funeralle of Otho the Emperour The Emperor Othoes tombe in the citie of Bresselles Othoes age and raigne The parteÌ„lage of Annibal The sharpe wit and disposition of Annibal Annibal chosen Lieuetenant generall after the death of Hasdrubalâ— being but 26. yeare olde Diuers causes of Annibals mortall hate to the Romanes The Barcinian faction Iberus fl The conspiracie of the Spanyards against Annibal Tagus fl Annibal stra tageame The Iberians yeeld them selues vnto Annibal Annibal layeth seege to the citie of Saguntus Two contrary factions in the Senate of Carthage the Barcinians Hannians Hamilcar Barcha Hanno a graue counseller and gouernor in peace A happy thing to follow good couÌ„sell VVise counsell for gouernors to preuent things at the beginning Annibal wan the citie of Saguntus P. Cornelius and T. Sempronius Consuls marg VVarres proclaymed by the Romanes with the Carthaginians The greatnes of the dominion of Africke * This place is false Annibal determineth to inuade Italy Annibale dreame at the riuer of Iberus The head course of the riuer of Rhone Arar fl The Volcin people that inhabited about the riuer of Rhone P. Cornelius Scipio Consule sent against Annibal and arrived at Massilia The Boians InsubriaÌ„s reuolt from the Romanes take parte with Annibal Lagdunum built by PlaÌ„cus Munatius Druentiâ— fl Annibal made waies through the rockes of the mountaines by force of fire and vineger The valley of Taurinus Annibals comming into Italie by Piedmont not farre from Turine Anniballs army in Italie Annibals first conflict with the Romanes and victorie P. C. Scipio Consul hâ—râ— and sâ—â—ed from â—â—â— enemies by his sonne who was afterwards called African Paedâ—s fl P. Cornelius Scipio and T. Sempronius Longuâ— Consulls against Annibal Trebia fl Ambush laied by Annibal to entrappe Sempronius Annibal fought with Sempronius the Consul aâ— the riuer of Trebia The Numidians craft iâ—â— flying Annibals victorie of the Consul Sempronius Arnus fl Annibal lost one of his eyes in the marishes by the riuer of Arnus C. Flaminius Cn. Seruilius Consuls Montes Cortonenses Lacus Thrasimenus The iudgement of a souldier Battell betwext Annibal and C. Flaminius the Consul by the lake of Thrasymene The Romanes were so earnest in fight that they heard not the noise of an earthquake C. Flaminius the Consul slaine * Plutarke in the life of Fabius Maximus addeth to as many prisoners Annibals craftines to dissemble vertue The naturall disposition of Annibal Extreame ioy causeth sodaine death The office of Dictator of what effect Q. Fabius Maximus created Dictator Hastines of Captaines oftentimes very hurtfull The guide cruelly put to death by Annibal Annibals stratageame in the mountaines of Gallicmum and Casilinium against Q. Fabius Dictator Certaine bathes at Swessa called the tower of the bathes Gleremen a citie in Apulia Two Dictators together neuer heard of before L. Paulus AEmylius and C. Terentius Varro Consuls Ansidusfl Battell at Cannes A stratageame of Annibal * Pluturke in the life of Fabius sayth that there were fiftie thousand slaine and foureteene thowsande taken prisoners Paulus AEmylius Consul slaine as the battell of Cannes Great slaughter at the battell of Cannes The constancy of the Romanes in extreamities The Romanes left three great battells to Annibal at Ticinum Trebia and Thrasimens Maharbal generall of Annibals horsemen Maharbals saying to Annibal Conspiracy against Annibal at Capva Marcellus victorie of Annibal at the citie of Nola. Annibals souldiers marred with ease at Capua Pleasure the baite of all euills One wintere ease spoiled a souldier and made him a coward The hard shife of the Cassilinians to liue during Annibals siege Annibals good seruant began to faile him Three famous Captaines of the Romanes Fabius Maximus Sempronius Gracchus Marcus Marcellus * Plutarke in the life of Marcellus speaketh of fiue thowsand CarthaginiaÌ„s slaine and only of fiue hundred Romanes The victories of the Romanes against Annibal Two factions in Naples The citie of Tarentum deliuered vnto Annibal by treason Tarentum wonne by Annibal Annibals stratageame Vulturnus fl Sulpicius Galba Cornelius Centimalous Consuls Anienes fl Annibal commethe to inuade Rome A wonder Salapia a city where Annibal fell in loue The death of Fuluius Viceconsul Diuers conflicts of the Romanes with Annibal Annibals wordes of Marcellus Marcellus Crispinus Consuls Annibal Layeth ambushe for the Romanes The death of Marcellus The power of magnanimitie Marcus Liuius and C. Nero Consuls Sena a citie of Apulia Metaurum fl M. Leuius C. Nero Consuls ouercame Hasdrubal slue 56000. of his men The chaunge and alteration of the Carthaginians good fortune The praise of Annibals great wisedomes in that gouernment of his army P. C. Scipio inuaded Carthage The last battell Annibal fought in ledily with Sempronius in the which he ouercame Annibal Annibals arche of trietumphe Annibal departeth out of Italy Annibal sent for to returne into Africk after he had warred 16. yeares in Italy Annibal and Scipioes meeting talke Scipioes victory of the Carthaginians at the battell of Zama The flying of Annibal Annibal could not abide to heare fooles talke of warre Annibal in his misery fled vnto king Antiochus into Asia Enuy the coÌ„mon plague and poyson of Princes Courtes Scipio African met with Annibal at Ephesus Annibals iudgement of the most famous Captaines Annibal cost selleth king Antiochus to make warre with the Romanes King Antiochus iudgement of Annibal Annibal made generall of Antiochus army by sea together with Apollonius Annibal fled to Prusias king of Bithynia Annibal king Prusias generall by sea against Eumenes king of Pergamum A straunge deuise of snakes put in earthen pots and throwen into the enemies shippes Titus Quintius Flaminius sent Ambassador into Asia Annibal poysoned him selfe being 70. yeare old Annibals tombe by Libyssa The praise of Annibal The pareÌ„tage of Scipio The first souldiers are of P. Cor. Scipio being but seuenteene yeare olde P. Scipio rescued his father from being taken of the enemies Honors done to Scipio being but a young man. Scipio Viceconsul at 24. yeares of age Scipioes great mind and goodly personage Scipioes iorney into Spayne The valiantnes of Lucius Martius a Romane knight Scipio beseegeth new Carthage in Spayne Scipio wanne citie of new Carthage by assault The great chastitie of Scipio Mago Hasdrubal Barcinian Hasdrubal Gisgo the three famous Captaines of the CarthaginiaÌ„s Besula fl Scipioes liberaltie to his enemies Vertues meete for a General Scipio called king by the Spanyards Hasdrubal sent into Italie to his brother Annibal with an army Hanno the chiefe of the contrarie faction vnto Hasdrubal Barcinian ouercomen in battell and takeÌ„ prisoner Masinissa offereth his frendshippe vnto the Romanes Syphax king of the Masasylians Hasdrubals iudgement of Scipio Syphax king of the MasaesyliaÌ„s maketh league with the Romanes The vnfortunate fight of two cousin germanes The rebellion of the Romaneâ— souldiers against their Captaines in Scipioes sicknes Mandonius Indibilis two kinges is of Spayne Scipioes wisedome suppressing his anger Scipioes great wisedome in punishing the offendors Scipioes care of his countriemen Scipio did put the authors of the rebellion to death A noble thing to ouercome the enemie by clemencie Masinissa cometh vnto Scipio A Princely Maiestie in Scipioes personage The antiquitie of those of Gades Scipioes noble deedes Scipioes returne out of Spayne to Rome Scipio made Consul Scipio prepared his armie and nauy by sea in 45. dayes Scipio policie in Sicilia P.C. Scipio accused Q. Fabius Maximus a great auersary vnto Scipio Scipioes nature King Syphax reuolteth froÌ„ the Romanes The ready faithfull good will of Masinissa to the Romanes Hanno ouercomen and slaine Sophonisba king Syphax wife Scipioes craft A maruelous great slaughter of the CarthaginiaÌ„s Syphax king of the Masaesylians ouercome takeÌ„ in battell Masinissa wan the city of Cyrtha where he fell in loue with Sophonisba king Syphax wife The great rare coÌ„tinency of Scipio Sophonisba poysoned her selfe through Masinissaes procurements Annibal sent for into Italy to runno into Afrike Battell at Zama and Scipiues victorie of the Carthaginians The praise of Annibal Fiue hundred shippes of the CarthaginiaÌ„s burnt by Scipio Scipio returne to Rome Scipioes triumphe at Rome for the Carthaginians Scipio and AElius Petus chosen Censors Scipio Prince of the Senate Scipio and Sempronius Longus chosen Consuls The craftie counsell of Scipio The naturall loue of Scipio African to his brother L. Scipio The fidelitie and loue of P. Scipio to his contrie Antiochus being ouercome acceptesh condicions of peace Great kingdomes and wealth are ful of troubles L. Scipio surnamed Asian for his coÌ„quest of Asia T. Q. Flaninius M. C. Marcellus Censors The time of the florishing of the Corneli The inconstaÌ„cy of these worldly things Great men most enuied The last fortunate day of the Africans good fortune The voluntary banishmeÌ„t of P. Scipio from Rome T. Gracchus Tribune diuers opinions about the accusasion of the Africans The Africans wife children Diuers opinions touching the death of P. Scipio Statues of the two Scipioes and Ennius the Poet by the gate Capena at Rome Scipio African dyed at Linternvm The Epitaphe of Scipio African Scipio African 54. yeare old at the time of his death The power of vertue Phormio Peripatetician reading Philosophie in Ephasus Annibals witty aunswer vnto the king Antiochus Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautrollier dvvelling in the Blacke Friers by Ludgate
Whereupon the men of Co sent it first to Thales in the cittie of MILETVM as being willing to graunte that vnto a priuate persone for which they had made warres with all the MILESIANS before Thales sayed he thought Bias a wiser man than him selfe and so it was sent vnto him He likewise sent it againe vnto another as to a wiser man And that other sent it also vnto another So that being thus posted from man to man and through diuers handes in the ende it was brought backe againe vnto the cittie of MILETVM and deliuered into the handes of Thales the seconde time and last of all was caried vnto THEBES and offered vp vnto the temple of Apollo Ismenian Howbeit Theophrastus writeth that first it was sent to the cittie of PRIENA vnto Bias and then vnto Thales in the cittie of MILETVM by Bias consent And after that it had passed through all their handes it was brought againe vnto Bias and lastely it was sent to the cittie of DELPHES And thus much haue the best and most auncient writers written sauing that some saye in steade of a three footed stoole it was a cuppe that king Croesus sent vnto the cittie of DELPHES Other saye it was a pece of plate which Bathycles left there They make mention also of another priuate meeting betwext Anacharsis and Solon and of another betweene him and Thales where they recite that they had this talke Anacharsis being arriued at ATHENS went to knocke at Solons gate saying that he was a straunger which came of purpose to see him and to desire his acquaintaunce and friēdshippe Solon aunswered him that it was better to seeke friēdshippe in his owne countrie Anacharsis replied againe thou then that arte at home and in thine owne countrie beginne to shew me friendshippe Then Solon wondering at his bolde ready wit enterteined him very curteously and kept him a certaine time in his house and made him very good cheere at the selfe same time wherein he was most busie in gouerning the common weale making lawes for the state thereof Which when Anacharsis vnderstoode he laughed at it to see that Solon imagined with written lawes to bridell mens couetousnes and iniustice For such lawes sayed he doe rightly resemble the spyders cobwebbes bicause they take holde of litle flies and gnattes which fall into them but the riche and mightie will breake and ronne through them at their will. Solon answered him that men doe iustly keepe all couenants and bargaines which one make with another bicause it is to the hinderāce of either partie to breake them euen so he dyd so temper his lawes that he made his cittizens knowe it was more for their profit to obey lawe iustice then to breake it Neuertheles afterwardes matters proued rather according to Anacharsis comparison then agreable to the hope that Solon had conceyued Anacharsis being by happe one daye in a common assembly of the people at ATHENS sayed that he maruelled much why in the consultations meetings of the GRECIANS wise men propounded matters and fooles dyd decide them It is sayed moreouer that Solon was somtime in the cittie of MILETVM at Thales house where he sayed that he could not but maruell at Thales that he would neuer marie to haue children Thales gaue him neuer a worde at that present but within fewe dayes after he suborned a straunger which sayed that he came but newly home from ATHENS departing from thence but tenne dayes before Solon asked him immediately What newes there This straunger whom Thales had schooled before aunswered none other there sauing that they caried a young man to buriall whom all the cittie followed for that he was one of the greatest mens sonnes of the cittie and the honestest man withall who at that present was out of the countrie and had bene a long time as they sayed abroade O poore vnfortunate father then sayed Solon and what was his name I haue heard him named sayed the straunger but I haue forgotten him nowe sauing that they all sayed he was a worthy wise man So Solon still trembling more and more for feare at euery aunswer of this straunger in the ende he could holde no longer being full of trouble but tolde his name himselfe vnto the straunger and asked him againe if he were not the sonne of Solon which was buried The very same sayed the straunger Solon with that like a mad man straight beganne to beat his head and to saye and doe like men impacient in affliction and ouercome with sorowe But Thales laughing to see this pageant stayed him and sayed Loe Solon this is it that keepeth me from marying and getting of children which is of such a violence that thou seest it hath nowe ouercome thee although otherwise thou arte stronge and able to wrestle with any Howbeit for any thing he hath saied vnto thee be of good cheere man for it is but a tale and nothing so Hermippus writeth that Patacus he which sayed he had Esops sowle reciteth this story thus Neuertheles it lacketh iudgement and the corage of a man also to be afrayed to get things necessarie fearing the losse of them for by this reckoning he should neither esteeme honour goodes nor knowledge when he hath them for feare to lose them For we see that vertue it selfe which is the greatest and sweetest riches a man can haue decayeth oftimes through sicknes or els by phisicke and potions Furthermore Thales selfe although he was not maried was not therefore free from this feare onles he would confesse that he neither loued friends kynsemen nor countrie howbeit Thales had an adopted sonne called Cybistus which was his sisters sonne For our soule hauing in it a naturall inclination to loue and being borne aswell to loue as to feele to reason or vnderstand and to remember hauing nothing of her owne whereupon she might bestowe that naturall loue boroweth of other As where there is a house or inheritaunce without lawfull heires many times straungers and base borne children doe creepe into the kinde affection of the owner and when they haue once wonne possessed his loue they make him euer after to be kynde and tender ouer them So that ye shall see many times men of such a hard and rough nature that they like not of them that moue them to marie and get lawfull children and yet afterwardes are ready to dye for feare sorowe when they see their bastardes that they haue gotten of their slaues or concubines fall sicke or dye and doe vtter wordes farre vnmeete for men of noble corage And some such there be that for the death of a dogge or their horse are so out of harte and take such thought that they are ready to goe into the grounde they looke so pittiefully Other some are cleane contrarie who though they haue lost their children forgone their friendes or some gentleman deare vnto them yet no sorowfull worde hath commen from
made good cheere at the feast of this sacrifice they went to bed but they rose not againe the next morning for they were found dead without suffering hurte or sorowe after they had receyued so much glorie honour Croesus then could no loÌ„ger bridell in his pacience but breaking out in choller sayed vnto him why doest then recken me than in no degree of happy men Solon would neither flatter him nor further increase his heate but auÌ„swered him thus O King of LYDIANS the godds haue geueÌ„ vs GRECIANS all things in a meane amongest other things chiefly a base popular wisedome not princely nor noble which considering howe mans life is subiect to infinite chaunges doth forbid vs to trust or glorie in these worldly riches For time bringeth daylie misfortunes vnto man which he neuer thought of nor looked for But when the goddes haue continued a mans good fortune to his end then we thinke that man happy and blessed and neuer before Otherwise if we should iudge a man happy that liueth considering he is euer in daunger of chaâ—ge during life we should be much like to him who iudgeth him the victorie before hande that is still a fighting maye be ouercomen hauing no suertie yet to carie it away After Solon had spoken these words he departed from the Kings presence and returned backe againe leauing king Croesus offended but nothing the wiser nor amended Nowe AEsope that wrote the fables being at that time in the cittie of SARDIS sent for thither by the King who entertained him very honorably was very sorie to see that the King had geuen Solon no better entertainement so by waye of aduise he said vnto him O Solon either we must not come to princes at all or els we must seeke to please content them But Solon turning it to the contrary aunswered him either we must not come to princes or we must needes tell them truely counsell them for the best So Croesus made light accompt of Solon at that time But after he had lost the battell against Cyrus and that his cittie was taken him self became prisoner was bounde fast to a gibbet ouer a great stacke of wood to be burnt in the sight of all the PERSIANS of Cyrus his enemie he then cried out as lowde as he could thryse together O Solon Cyrus being abashed sent to aske him whether this Solon he only cried vpon in his extreme miserie was a god or man Croesus kept it not secret from him but sayed he was one of the wise men of GRECE whom I sent for to come vnto me on a certaine time not to learne any thing of him which I stoode in neede of but only that he might witnesse my felicitie which then I dyd enioye the losse whereof is nowe more hurtefull than the enioying of the same was good or profitable But nowe alas to late I know it that the riches I possessed then were but words opinion all which are turned now to my bitter sorowe and to present and remediles calamitie Which the wise GRECIAN considering then and foreseeing a farre of by my doings at that time the instant miserie I suffer nowe gaue me warning I should marke the ende of my life and that I should not to farre presume of my selfe as puffed vp then with vaine glorie of opinion of happines the ground therof being so slippery and of so litle suertie These wordes being reported vnto Cyrus who was wiser than Croesus seeing Solons saying confirmed by so notable an example he dyd not only deliuer Croesus from present perill of death but euer after honoured him so long as he liued Thus had Solon glorie for sauing the honour of one of these Kings the life of the other by his graue wise counsaill But during the time of his absence great seditions rose at ATHENS amongest the inhabitants who had gotten them seuerall heades amongest them as those of the vallie had made Lycurgus their head The coast men Megacles the sonne of Alamaeon And those of the mountaines Pisistratus with whom all artificers craftsmen liuing of their haÌ„die labour were ioyned which were the stowtest against the riche So that notwithstanding the cittie kept Solons lawes and ordinaunces yet was there not that man but gaped for a chaunge and desired to see things in another state either parties hoping their condition would mende by chaunge and that euery of them should be better than their aduersaries The whole common weale broyling thus with troubles Solon arriued at ATHENS where euery maÌ„ did honour and reuerence him howbeit he was no more able to speake alowde in open assembly to the people not to deale in matters as he had done before bicause his age would not suffer him therefore he spake with euery one of the heades of the seuerall factions a parte trying if he could agree and reconcile them together againe Whereunto Pisistratus seemed to be more willing then any of the rest for he was curteous and maruelous fayer spoken and shewed him selfe besides very good and pittiefull to the poore and temperate also to his enemies further if any good quality were lacking in him he dyd so finely counterfeate it that men imagined it was more in him than in those that naturally had it in them in deede As to be a quiet man no medler contented with his owne aspiring no higher and hating those which would attempt to chaunge the present state of the common weale and would practise any innouation By this arte and fine manner of his he deceyued the poore common people Howbeit Solon found him straight and sawe the marke he shot at but yet hated him not at that time and sought still to winne him and bring him to reason saying oftetimes both to him selfe and to others That who so could plucke out of his head the worme of ambition by which he aspired to be the chiefest and could heale him of his greedy desire to rule there could not be a man of more vertue or a better cittizen than he would proue About this time begaÌ„ne Thespis to set out his tragedies which was a thing that much delited the people for the rarenes thereof being not many poets yet in number to striue one against another for victorie as afterwards there were Solon being naturally desirous to heare and learne and by reason of his age seeking to passe his time awaye in sportes in musicke making good cheere more then euer he dyd went one daye to see Thespis who played a parte him selfe as the olde facion of the Poets was and after the playe was ended he called him to him and asked him if he were not ashamed to lye so openly in the face of the worlde Thespis aunswered him that it was not materiall to doe or saye any such things considering all was but in sporte Then Solon beating the grounde with his staffe he
the prisoners taken of either side For it was articled betweene them that they should chaunge prisoners deliuering man for man or els two hundred and fiftie siluer drachmas for a man if the one chaunced to haue moe prisoners then the other When exchaunge was made betweene them it appeared that Hannibal had left in his handes of ROMAINE prisoners two hundred and fortie moe then Fabius had to exchaunge of his The Senate cōmaunded there should be no money sent to redeeme them and greatly founde faulte with Fabius for making this accorde bicause it was neither honorable nor profitable for the common weale to redeeme men that cowardly suffered them selues to be taken prisoners of their enemies Fabius vnderstanding it dyd paciently beare this displeasure conceyued against him by the Senate Howbeit hauing no money and meaning to keepe his worde and not to leaue the poore citizens prisoners behinde him he sent his sonne to ROME with commission to sell his landes and to bring him money immediatly The young man went his waye to ROME and sold his fathers farmes and brought him money forthwith to the campe Fabius therewith redeemed the prisoners and sent their ransome vnto Hannibal Many of the prisoners whom he had redeemed offred to repaye him their ransome but he would neuer take any thing againe and gaue them all their ransome freely Afterwards being called to ROME by the priestes to doe certaine solemne sacrifices he left the armie in charge with Minutius to gouerne the same in his absence with condition not to set vpon the enemie nor to fight with him at all the which not only by his authoritie he dyd expressely forbid him but also as his very friende he dyd warne and intreate him in no wise to attempt Howbeit Minutius litle regarding his commaundementes or requestes so sorte as Fabius backe was turned beganne to be somewhat lustie and doing with his enemies So one daye amongest the rest Minutius perceyuing Hannibal had sent a great parte of his armie abroade to forrage and get vittells came and set vpon them that remained behinde and draue them into their campe with great slaughter and dyd put them in a maruelous feare that were saued as men that looked for no lesse but to haue bene besieged in their campe Afterwardes also when their whole armie came together againe he retired backe in spight of them all and lost not a man This exploite set Minutius in a pryde and brought the souldiers to be more rashe then they were before The newes of this ouerthrowe went with speede to ROME and there they made it a great deale more then it was Fabius hearing of it sayed he was more afeard of Minutius prosperitie then of his owne aduersitie But the common people reioyced maruelosly and made great shewe of ioye vp and downe the market place Whereupon Metellus one of the Tribunes going vp into the pulpit made an oration vnto the people in the which he highely magnified Minutius and commended his corage and contrarily charged Fabius no more of cowardlines but with flat treason Furthermore he dyd accuse the Nobilitie and greatest men of ROME saying that from the first beginning they had layed a platte to drawe these warres out at length only to destroye the peoples power and authoritie hauing brought the whole common weale to the state of a monarchy and into the handes of a priuate persone Who by his remissenes and delayes would geue Hannibal leysure to plante him selfe in ITALIE and by time geue open passage to the CARTHAGINIANS at their pleasure to send Hannibal a second ayde and armie to make a full conquest of all ITALIE Fabius hearing these wordes rose vp straight and spake to the people and taried not about the aunswering of the accusations the Tribune had burdened him withall but prayed them they would dispatche these sacrifices and ceremonies of the goddes that he might spedilie returne againe to the campe to punishe Minutius for breaking his commaundement in fighting with the enemie He had no soner spoken these wordes but there rose a maruelous tumulte and hurly burley presently among the people for the daunger Minutius stoode in then bicause the Dictator had absolute power and authoritie to imprisone and put to death whom he thought good without ordinary course of lawe or araynement Moreouer they dyd iudge since Fabius had alate left his accustomed mildnes and affabilitie that he would growe to such seueritie in his anger that it would be a hard thing to appease him Wherefore euery man held their peace for feare sauing only Metellus the Tribune He hauing authoritie by vertue of his office to saye what he thought good and who only of all other kept still his place and authoritie when any Dictator was chosen then all the officers that were put down instantly besought the people not to forsake Minutius nor to suffer the like to be done to him as Manlius Torquatus dyd alate to his sonne who strake of his head after he had valliantly fought with his enemies and ouercomed them for breaking his commaundement And beganne to persuade them further to take this tyrānicall power of the Dictatorshippe from Fabius and to put their affayers into the handes of him that would and could tell howe to bring them safely to passe The people were tickled maruelously with these seditious wordes but yet they durst not force Fabius to resigne his Dictatorshippe though they hare him great grudge and were angrie with him in their hartes Howbeit they ordeined that Minutius thenceforth should haue equall power and authoritie with the Dictator in the warres a thing that was neuer seene nor heard of before and yet the very same done in that sorte againe after the battell of Cannes For Marcus Iunius being at that time Dictator in the campe they dyd choose another Dictator at ROME which was Fabius Buteo to name and create newe Senators in the place of those that were slaine in the battell But after he had named them and restored the full number againe of the counsell of the Senate he discharged the selfe same daye the sergeants that caried the axes before him and sent awaye the traine that waited vpon him and dyd so put him selfe in prease of the people in the market place and followed his owne peculiar busines as a priuate persone Nowe the ROMAINES imagined that when Fabius should see howe they had made Minutius equall in authoritie with him it would greue him to harte for very anger but they came shorte to iudge of his nature for he dyd not thincke that their folly should hurte or dishonour him at all But as wise Diogenes aunswered one that sayed vnto him looke they mocke thee tushe sayd he they mocke not me Meaning thereby that he tooke them to be mocked that were offended with their mockes Thus Fabius tooke euery thing quietly that the people offered him and dyd comfort him selfe with the philosophers rules and examples who
THEATER to see one of the goodliest sightes that they could deuise to wit to see the tyran punished who was openly whipped afterwards put to death Now for Mamercus he did yeld him self vnto Timoleon to be iudged by the SYRACVSANS so that Timoleon might not be his accuser So he was brought vnto SYRACVSA where he attempted to make an oration to the people which he had premeditated long before But seeing that the people cryed out and made a great noyse bicause they would not heare him and that there was no likelyhoode they would pardone him he ranne ouerthwart the THEATER and knocked his head as hard as he could driue vpon one of the degrees whereon they sate there to see the sportes thinking to haue dashed out his braynes haue rid him self sodainely out of his paine But he was not happy to die so for he was taken straight being yet aliue put to death as theues murderers are Thus did Timoleon roote all tyrants out of SICILE make an end of all warres there And wheras he found the whole ile wilde sauage hated of the natural contry men inhabitants of the same for the extreme calamities miseries they suffred he brought it to be so ciuil and so much desired of straungers that they came farre neare to dwell there where the naturall inhabitants of the contry selfe before were glad to flye and forsake it For AGRIGENTVM and GELA two great cities did witnesse this which after the warres of the ATHENIANS had bene vtterly forsaken and destroyed by the CARTHAGINIANS and were then inhabited againe The one by Megellus and Pheristus two Captaines that came from ELEA and the other by Gorgos who came from the I le of CEO And as nere as they could they gathered againe together the first auncient Citizens and inhabitants of the same whom Timoleon did not onely assure of peace and safetie to liue there to settle them quietly together but willingly did helpe them besides with all other thinges necessary to his vttermost meane and abilitie for which they loued and honored him as their father and founder And this his good loue fauor was common also to all other people of SICILE whatsoeuer So that in all SICILE there was no truce taken in warres nor lawes established nor landes deuided nor institucion of any policie or gouernment thought good or auayleable if Timoleons deuise had not bene in it as chiefe director of such matters which gaue him a singular grace to be acceptable to the goddes and generally to be beloued of al mē For in those dayes there were other famous men in GREECE that did maruelous great thinges amongest whom were these Timotheus Agesilaus Pelopidas and Epaminondas which Epaminondas Timoleon sought to follow in all thinges as neare as he could aboue any of them all But in all the actions of these other great Captaines their glorie was alway mingled with violence payne labor so as some of them haue bene touched with reproche and other with repentaunce Whereas contrarywise in all Timoleons doinges that onely excepted which he was forced to doe to his brother there was nothing but they might with trothe as Timaeus sayd proclayme the saying of Sophocles Oh mightie goddes of heauen vvhat Venus stately dame or Cupid god haue thus yput their handes vnto this same And like as Antimachus verses and Dionysius paynting both COLOPHONIANS are ful of synewes strength yet at this present we se they are things greatly labored trauelled with much payne that contrariwise in Nicomachus tables and Homers verses besides the passing workmāship singular grace in thē a man findeth at the first sight that they were easily made without great payne Euen so in like manner whosoeuer will compare the paynefull bloudy warres battels of Epaminondas Agesilaus with the warres of Timoleon in the which besides equitie iustice there is also great ease quietnes he shall finde waying things indifferently that they haue not bene fortunes doings simply but that they came of a most noble fortunat corage Yet he him self doth wisely impute it vnto his good happe fauorable fortune For in his letters he wrote vnto his familiar frendes at CORINTHE in some other oratiōs he made to the people of SYRACVSA he spake it many times that he thanked the almighty gods that it had pleased thē to saue deliuer SICILE from bondage by his meanes seruice to geue him the honor dignitie of the name And hauing builded a temple in his house he did dedicate it vnto fortune furthermore did consecrate his whole house vnto her For he dwelt in a house the SYRACVSANS kept for him gaue him in recompence of the good seruice he had done them in the warres with a maruelous faire pleasaunt house in the contrie also where he kept most whē he was at leisur For he neuer after returned vnto CORINTHE againe but sent for his wife and children to come thither and neuer delt afterwards with those troubles that fell out amongest the GREECIANS nether did make him selfe to be enuied of the cittizens a mischiefe that most gouernors and captains do fal into through their vnsatiable desire of honor authoritie but liued al the rest of his life after in SICILE reioycing for the great good he had done and specially to see so many cities and thowsands of people happy by his meanes But bicause it is an ordinary matter and of necessitie as Simonides saith that not only al larkes haue a tuft vpon their heades but also that in all citties there be accusers where the people rule there were two of those at SYRACVSA that continually made orations to the people who did accuse Timoleon the one called Laphystius and the other Demaenetus So this Laphystius appointing Timoleon a certen day to come aunswere to his accusation before the people thinking to conuince him the cittizens began to mutine wold not in any case suffer the day of adiornement to take place But Timoleon did pacifie them declaring vnto them that he had taken all the extreame paines labor he had done and had passed so many daungers bicause euery cittizen inhabitant of SYRACVSA might franckly vse the libertie of their lawes And another time Demaenetus in open assembly of the people reprouing many thinges Timoleon did when he was generall Timoleon aunswered neuer a word but onely said vnto the people that he thanked the goddes they had graunted him the thing he had so oft requested of them in his praiers which was that he might once see the SYRACVSANS haue full power and libertie to say what they would Now Timoleon in all mens opinion had done the noblest actes that euer GREECIAN captaine did in his time and had aboue deserued the fame and glory of al the noble exploytes whiche the rethoricians with all their eloquent orations perswaded the
warres they made haue been agaynst great and famous enemies the one against the MACEDONIANS and the other agaynst the CARTHAGINIANS and both their victories very notable For the one of them conquered the realme of MACEDON whiche he tooke from the seuenth kyng that raigned by succession from the father to the sonne since the tyme of the great Antigonus and the other draue al the tyrannes out of SICILE and restored the whole Ile Cities therin vnto their former libertie Vnles some wil alledge perhappes that there was this difference betweene them that AEmylius fought agaynst kyng Perseus when he had all his power whole and entier and had fought with the ROMANS many tymes before and had the better of them in all conflictes where Timoleon set vppon Dionysius when he was in greatest dispayre and in maner vtterly cast away On the contrarie syde it may be obiected for Timoleon that he ouercame manie tyrannes and a myghtie great armie of the CARTHAGINIANS with a verie small number of men and yet men of all sortes not as AEmylius with a great armie of well trayned and expert souldiers in warres but with men gathered togeather at aduenture of all sortes being mercenarie hierlings and fighting men for paie lose people and men vnruly in warres that woulde doo but what they listed For where the goodly deeds are like and the meanes vnequall there we must confesse that the praise is due vnto the generall Bothe the one and the other kept their handes cleane from corruption in the charge which they tooke vpon them But it seemeth that AEmylius came so facioned and prepared by the good ciuill lawe and moral disciplyne of his countrie and that Timoleon came rawly thither and afterwards facioned him selfe to be that he was And this is to be proued for that al the ROMAINS in that time were so ciuilly brought vp and exceeded al other in straight keeping the lawes of their countrie Where to the cōtrarie there was not one of the captaines of the GREECIANS that came then or were sent into SICILE but fell straight to corruption when he had put his foote in SICILE Dion onely excepted and yet they had a certaine suspicion of him that he aspired to the kingdome and imagined in his head to stablishe a certaine Empire at SIRACVSA like vnto that of LACEDAEMON TIMAEVS the Historiographer writeth that the SIRACVSANS sent Gilippus with shame backe againe into his countrie for his vnsaciable greedy couetousnes and for his great theftes and bribes taken in his charge Diuers other haue also writtē the great treasons falsehoddes Pharax SPARTAN Calippus ATHENIAN did cōmit both of them seeking to make them selues lordes of SIRACVSA and yet what men were they and what meanes had they to haue suche a foolishe vaine hope fancie in their heades Considering that the one dyd folowe and serue Dionysius after that he was driuen out of SIRACVSA and the other also was but a priuate captaine of a bande of footemen of those that came in with Dion Timoleon in contrary maner was sent to be generall of the SIRACVSANS vpon their great instance and sute And he hauing no neede to seeke or hunte after it but onely to keepe the power and authoritie they dyd willingly put into his handes so soone as he had destroyed and ouerthrowen all suche as woulde vniustly vsurpe the gouernment he dyd immediately of his owne good wyll franckly resigne vp his office and charge And sure so is this a notable thyng to be commended and estemed in Paulus AEmylius who hauing conquered so great and riche a realme he neuer increased his goodes the value of one farthing nether dyd see nor handle any mony at all although he was very liberall and gaue largely vnto others I meane not in speaking this to vpbrayde or detect Timoleon for that he accepted a fayre house the SIRACVSANS gaue him in the citie and a goodly mannor also in the countrie for in such cases there is no dishonesty in receiuing but so is it greater honesty to refuse then to take But that vertue is most rare and singuler where we see they will receiue nor take nothing though they haue iustly deserued it And if it be so that the body is stronger better cōpoūded which best abideth chaunge of parching heate and nipping cold and that the mynde is much more stronger and stable that swelleth not vp with pride of prosperitie nor drowpeth for sorowe in aduersitie Then it appeareth that AEmylius vertue was so much more perfect in that he shewed him selfe of no lesse graue and constant a mynde in the pacience he endured for his losse and sorowe happened vnto him losyng at one tyme in manner both his children then he had done before in al his triumphe and greatest felicitie VVhere Timoleon to the contrarye hauing done a worthie act against his brother could with no reasone suppresse the griefe and sorowe he felt but ouercome with bitter griefe and repentaunce continued the space of twentie yeeres togeather and neuer durst once only shewe his face againe in the market place nor deale any more in matters of the common weale Truely for a man to beware to doo euil and to shonne from euil it is a verie good and comely thyng so also to be sorie and a fearde of euerye reproche and ill opinion of the worlde it sheweth a simplenesse of nature and a good and well disposed minde but no manly corage The ende of Timoleons life THE LIFE OF Pelopidas CAto the elder aunswered certaine on a time that maruelously commended a bolde a venturous and desperate man for the warres that there was great oddes to esteeme manhodde so muche and lyfe so litle And surely it was wisely spoken of him The report goeth that king Antigonus gaue paye to a souldier among other that was very hardie and venturous but he had a noughtie sickly bodye The king asked him one day what he ayled to be so pale and euill cullered The souldier told him he had a secret disease vpon him that he might not tell him with reuerence The king hearing him say so commaunded his Phisitions and Surgeons to looke to him and if he were curable that they should heale him with all possible speede and so they dyd After the souldier had his health againe he would venter no more so desperately in the warres as he dyd before Insomuch king Antigonus selfe perceiuing his slacknes and drawing backe rebuked him and said vnto him that he wondred to see so great a chaunge and alteration in him The souldier neuer shrinking at the matter told him the troth plainely Your selfe and it please your maiestie is cause of my cowardlynes now by healing my disease that made my life lothsome to me Much like were a SIBARITANS wordes towching the life and manner of the LACEDAEMONIANS That it was no maruaill they had such a desire to die in the warres seeing they did it to ridde
the peace he tooke the kinges brother in ostage whose name was Philip and thirtie other children of the noblest mens sonnes of MACEDON whom he brought away with him to THEBES to let the GREECIANS see that the reputacion of the THEBANS power stretched farre the renowne also of their manner of gouernment and iustice It is the same Philip that made warre afterwardes with the GREECIANS to take their libertie frō them howbeit being but a boy at that time he was brought vp at THEBES in Pammenes house And this is the cause why some thought Philip did followe Epaminondas manner and it might be paraduenture he did learne of him to be quicke and ready in the warres which in deede was but a peece of Epaminondas vertue But as to the continency iustice magnanimitie and clemencie which were the speciall pointes that made Epaminondas of great fame Philip coulde neither by nature education nor studie euer attaine vnto The THESSALIANS hauinge sent afterwardes to THEBES to complaine of Alexander the tyran of PHERES that did againe molest and trouble the free cities of THESSALIE Pelopidas was sent thither Ambassador with Ismenias carying no power with him frō THEBES litle thinking he shoulde haye needed to haue made warres whereupon he was compelled to take men of the contrie selfe vppon the instant necessitie offered At the very same time also all MACEDON was vp in armes For Ptolomy had slaine the king and vsurped the kingdom and the seruaunts and frendes of the dead king called vpon Pelopidas for aide who desiring to come euen vppon the fact and hauing brought no men of warre out of his owne contrie with him did presently leauie certaine men where he was and so marched forward with them against Ptolomy Nowe Ptolomy when bothe their powers met did corrupt the souldiers Pelopidas had brought with money to take his parte But notwithstandinge this policy he had practised yet he was afeard of the name onely and greatnes of Pelopidas reputacion wherefore he went vnto Pelopidas as to a better man than him selfe and making maruelous much of him and intreating of him he made promise and bounde it by othe that he would keepe the realme for the brethren of the dead king and that he woulde take all those for his frendes or enemies whom the THEBANS did either loue or hate And for assurance of his promise he gaue him his sonne Philoxenus in ostage and fifty other of his frendes all the which Pelopidas sent vnto THEBES But in the meane time beinge maruelously offended with the treason of the souldiers against him vnderstandinge that the most parte of their goodes their wiues and children were in the citie of PHARSALE he thought if he coulde winne that it were a maruelous good way for him to be reuenged of the trechery of the souldiers against him whereupon he leauied certaine THESSALIANS went to that citie Pelopidas was no sooner come thither but Alexander the tyran arriued also with his armie Pelopidas supposing he had come to iustifie him selfe clearing the complaintes of the THESSALIANS made against him went to him though he knew him to be a very wicked man and one that delited in murder and sheading of blood Neuertheles he hoped he durst not haue attempted any thing against him for the authority and seigniories sake of THEBES by whom he was sent thither as also for his owne reputacion But the tyran seeing him slenderly accompanied and without traine of souldiers tooke him prisoner and wanne the city of PHARSALE at that present time But this act of his put his subiects in a great feare who seeing him commit so shamefull a deede against all equity did thinke straight he ment to spare no man but would vse men and all thinges else that came in his handes like a desperate man one that reckned him self cast away But when the THEBANS vnderstoode this newes they were maruelous sorie and straight sent an army thither appointinge other Captaines then Epaminondas bicause then they had some misliking of him Alexander the tyran hauing brought Pelopidas in the meane time to PHERES did suffer any man that woulde at the first to come and see him and speake with him supposinge his imprisonment had killed his hart and had made him very humble But when he was tolde the contrary how Pelopidas did comforte the citizens of PHERES and willed them to be of good cheare tellinge them the hower was now come that the tyran should smarte for al the mischiefes he had done and that he sent him word to his face he had no reason to hang and put his poore citizens daily to death as he did with sundry kindes of cruell torments who had in nothing offended him did let him alone knowinge that if euer he got out of his hands he would be reuenged of him The tyran wondering at this great stomake of his at his maruelous constancy fearing nothing asked what he ment to long for hasty death Pelopidas beinge tolde what he sayd aunswered him againe Mary sayd he bicause thow shouldest dye the sooner beinge more odious to the goddes and men then yet thou art After this answere the tyran would neuer suffer any man to come and speake with him againe But Thebe that was the daughter of the tyran Iason deceased and wife at that time of Alexander the tyran hearinge reporte of Pelopidas noble minde and corage by his keepers she hadde a meruelous desire to see him and to speake with him But when she came to see him like a woman she could not at the first discerne the greatnesse of his noble heart and excellent hidden vertue findinge him in such misery yet coniecturinge by exterior show nothinge his simple apparell his heares and beard growen very long how poorely he was serued and worse entertained she thought with her selfe his case was to be pittied and that he was in no state mete for the glory of his name wherewith she fell a weepinge for compassion Pelopidas that knewe not what she was beganne to muse at the first but when it was tolde him she was Iasons daughter then he curteously saluted her for her father Iasons sake who while he liued was his very good frend So Thebe said vnto him my Lord Pelopidas pittie thy poore Lady wife Truely so do I pitty thee quod Pelopidas againe to her that thou beinge no prisoner canst abide such a wicked Alexander This aunswere tickled Thebe at the heart who with great impacience did beare the cruelty violence and villany of the tyran her husband that besides all other infamous actes of his detestable life committed Sodomy with her youngest brother So she oft visitinge Pelopidas and boldly makinge her mone to him telling him closely all the iniuries her husbande offered her through Pelopidas talke with her by litle and litle she grew to abhorre him and to conceiue a hate in heart against him desiring reuenge of him But now the Captaines of
after Marcellus beinge againe chosen Consull the thirde time went into SICILE For Hannibals prosperous successe and victories had so incoraged the CARTHAGINIANS as they sought againe to conquer this Ilande and specially bicause that after the death of Hieronimus the tyran there rose some tumult at SYRACVSA Vppon which occasion the ROMAINES had sent an army thither before and a Praetor called Appius at whose handes Marcellus hauing receiued the army a great number of the ROMAINES became humble suters to him to pray him to aide them in their calamity which was this Of those that scaped from the battell of CANNES some saued them selues by flying other were taken prisoners of which there were such a number as it appeared that ROME had not people enough left onely to keepe the walles Neuertheles those few that remained their hartes were so great that they woulde neuer redeeme the prisoners which Hannibal was contented to deliuer them vppon small ransome but made a decree they should not be redeemed and so suffered some of them to be killed others to be solde for slaues out of ITALIE And moreouer those that saued them selues by flying they sent straight into SICILE commaunding they should not once set foote againe in ITALIE whilest they had warres with Hanniball These were the men that came altogether and fell downe at Marcellus feete so soone as he arriued in SICILE humbly besought him to appoint them to serue vnder some ensigne that they might fight to do their contrie honor and seruice promising him with teares running downe their cheekes that their faithfull seruice then should witnesse for them that the ouerthrow they had a CANNES fell apon them rather by misfortune then through lacke of corage Whereupon Marcellus hauing compassion on them wrote to the Senate in their fauor prayed them that they would graunt him licence to supply the bands of his army as they diminished with those poore ROMAINES his contrymen Many reasons passed to and fro against this sute neuertheles it was concluded in the ende by the Senate that the common wealth made no reckening of the seruice of faint harted men like women wherefore if Marcellus thought good of their seruice yet it shoulde not be lawfull for him to giue them any crownes or rewards of honor for any notable seruice soeuer they did as all generalles are wont to giue to honest men that serue valliantly This order of the Senate misliked Marcellus very much who at his returne home out of SICILE made his complaint in open Senate and told them they did him manifest wrong to deny him that fauor that hauing done his common wealth such faithful seruice diuerse times as he had done he might not restore so many poore ROMAINES to their honor againe Nowe when Marcellus was in SICILE he receiued great hurtes and iniuries by Hippocrates generall of the SYRACVSANS who to pleasure CARTHAGINIANS and by their meanes to make him selfe chiefe Lord of SYRACVSA did put many ROMAINE citizens to death Whereupon Marcellus went and layed siege to the city of the LEONTINES and when he had taken it by assault he hurt neuer a townes man nor naturall citizen of the same but such traytors as he founde there and had fled from his campe yelded to the enemies them he caused to be whipped and then hanged But notwithstanding Hippocrates had before caused it to be bruted at SYRACVSA that Marcellus had put all the LEONTINES to the sword not sparing litle children and afterwards Hippocrates comming thither on the sodaine in the feare and garboyle of this false brute he easily tooke the city Marcellus hearing Hippocrates had taken SYRACVSA left forthwith the LEONTINES went with his whole army camped hard by SYRACVSA and sent his Ambassadors to tell the SYRACVSANS truely what he had done in the city of the LEONTINES and quite contrarie to that they were informed of Howbeit that preuailed not for they beleued not Marcellus bicause Hippocrates being the stronger had wonne the city Wherupon he beganne then to approch the walles and to assault in euery quarter as well by sea as by lande Appius tooke charge of them that gaue assault by lande Marcellus him selfe with three score galleyes of fiue owers at euery bancke well armed and full of all sortes of artillery and fire works did assault by sea and rowed hard to the walle hauing made a great engine and deuise of battery vppon eight galleyes chained together to batter the walle trusting in the great multitude of his engines of battery and to all such other necessarie prouision as he had for warres as also in his owne reputacion But Archimedes made light accompt of all his deuises as in deede they were nothinge comparable to the engines him selfe had inuented and yet were not his owne such as him selfe did recken of to shew singularity of worke and deuise For those he had made were but his recreations of Geometry and thinges done to passe the time with at the request of king Hieron who had prayed him to call to minde a litle his geometricall speculation and to apply it to thinges corporall and sencible and to make the reason of it demonstratiue and plaine to the vnderstanding of the common people by experiments and to the benefit and commodity of vse For this inuentiue arte to frame instruments and engines which are called mechanicall or organicall so highly commended and esteemed of all sortes of people were first set forth by Architas and by Eudoxus partely to beawtifie a litle the science of Geometry by this finenes and partly to proue and confirme by materiall examples and sencible instruments certeine Geometrical conclusions whereof a man can not finde out the conceiueable demonstrations by enforced reasons and proofes As that conclusion which instructeth one to searche out two lynes meane proportionall which can not be proued by reason demonstratiue and yet notwithstandinge is a principall and an accepted grounde for many thinges which are conteined in the arte of portraiture Both of them haue facioned it to the workemanship of certeine instruments called Mesolabes or Mesographes which serue to finde these meane lines proportionall by drawing certaine curue lines and ouerthwart and oblike sextions But after that Plato was offended with them and mainteined against them that they did vtterly corrupt and disgrace the worthines excellency of Geometry making it to discende from things not comprehensible and without body vnto things sencible and materiall and to bringe it to a palpable substance where the vile and base handie worke of man is to be employed since that time I say handy craft or the arte of engines came to be separated from Geometry and being long time despised by the Philosophers it came to be one of the warlike artes But Archimedes hauinge tolde king Hieron his kinseman and very frende that it was possible to remoue as great a weight as he would with as litle
where such a fact was committed Titus aunswered he knewe not of it Then Cato opened all the whole matter as it was and in the ende of his tale he bad Lucius Quintius sweare openly if he would deny that he had sayed was true Lucius aunswered not a worde Whereuppon the people iudged the shame was iustly layed vpon him and so to honor Cato they did accompany him from the pulpit for orations home vnto his owne house But Titus beinge much offended at the disgrace of his brother became enemy to Cato and fell in with those that of long time had hated him And so by practise he procured of the Senate that all bargaines of leases and all deedes of sales made by Cato during his office were called in and made voyde and caused many sutes also to be commenced against him Wherein I can not say he did wisely or ciuilly to become mortall enemy to an honest man a good citizen and duetifull in his office for his yeare but vnworthy kinseman who had iustly deserued the shame layed vpon him Notwithstanding shortely after when the people were assembled in the Theater to see games played the Senators were set according to their custome in the most honorable places Lucius Flaminius came in also who in lowly and humble maner went to sit downe in the furthest seates of the Theater without regard of his former honor which when the people saw they tooke pity of him could not abide to see him thus dishonored So they cried out to haue him come and sit among the other Senators the Consulls who made him place and receiued him accordingly But to returne againe to Titus The naturall ambiton couetous greedy minde he had of honor was very well taken and esteemed so long as he had any occasion offered him to exercise it in the warres which we haue spoken of before For after he had bene Consull of his owne seeking he became a Colonell of a thousand footemen not being called to it by any man So when he beganne to stoupe for age and that he had giuen ouer as a man at the last cast to beare office any longer in the state they saw plainely he was ambitious beyond measure to suffer himselfe in olde age to be ouercome with such youthfull violence beinge farre vnmeete for any of his yeares For me thinkes his ambition was the only cause that moued him to procure Hannibals death which bred him much disliking and ill opinion with many For after Hanniball had fled out of his owne contry he went first vnto king Antiochus who after he lost the battel in PHAYGIA was glad the ROMAINES graūted him peace with such conditions as them selues would Wherefore Hanniball fled againe from him and after he had long wandered vp and downe at the length he came to the realme of BITHYNIA and remained there about king Prusias the ROMAINES knowinge it well enough and bicause Hanniball was then an olde broken man of no force nor power and one whome fortune had spurned at her feete they made no more reckening of him But Titus being sent Ambassador by the Senate vnto Prusias kinge of BITHYNIA and finding Hanniball there it grieued him to see him aliue So that notwithstanding Prusias maruelously intreated him to take pitie apon Hanniball a poore olde man his frend who came to him for succor yet he coulde not perswade Titus to be content he should liue Hanniball long before had receiued aunswer of his death from an oracle to this effect The lande of Lybia shall couer vnder movable The valliant corps of Hanniball vvhen he is dead and colde So Hanniball vnderstoode that of LYBIA as if he should haue dyed in AFRICKE and bene buried in CARTHAGE There is a certaine sandy contry in BITHYNIA neere to the seas side where there is a litle village called LIBYSSA and where Hanniball remained continually He mistrusting king Prusias faynte harte and fearing the ROMAINES malice also had made seuen priuy caues and vaultes vnder grounde longe before that he might secretly go out at either of them which way he woulde and euery one of them came to the maine vault where him selfe did lye and coulde not be discerned outwardly When it was tolde him that Titus had willed Prusias to deliuer him into his handes he sought then to saue him selfe by those mynes but he found that all the ventes out had watch and ward apon them by the kinges commaundement So then he determined to kill him selfe Now some say that he wounde a linnen towell harde about his necke and commaunded one of his men he should set his knee vpon his buttocke and waying hard vpon him holding the towell fast he should pull his necke backeward with all the power and strength he could and neuer linne pressing on him till he had strangled him Other say that he drancke bulles blood as Midas and Themistocles had done before him But Titus Liuius wrytheth that he had poyson which he kept for such a purpose and tempered it in a cuppe he helde in his handes and before he dranke he spake these wordes Come on let vs deliuer the ROMAINES of this great care sith my life is so grieuous to them that they thinke it to long to tary the naturall death of a poore old man whom they hate so much and yet Titus by this shall winne no honorable victorie nor worthie the memorie of the auncient ROMAINES who aduertised king Pyrrus their enemy euen when he made warres with them and had wonne battels of them that he should beware of poysoning which was intended towards him And this was Hanniballs ende as we finde it wrytten The newes whereof being come to ROME vnto the Senate many of them thought Titus to violent and cruell to haue made Hanniball kill him selfe in that sorte when extreamity of age had ouercome him already and was as a birde left naked her feathers fallinge from her for age and so much the more bicause there was no instant occasion offered him to vrge him to doe it but a couetous minde of honor for that he would be chronicled to be the cause and author of Hanniballs death And then in contrariwise they did much honor and commend the clemency and noble minde of Scipio AFRICAN Who hauing ouercomen Hanniball in battell in AFRICKE selfe and being then indeede to be feared and had bene neuer ouercome before yet he did not cause him to be driuen out of his contry neither did aske him of the CARTHAGINIANS but both then before the battel when he parled with him of peace he tooke Hannibal curteously by the hand and after the battell in the condicions of peace he gaue them he neuer spake word of hurt to Hanniballs person neither did he shew any cruelty to him in his misery And they tell how afterwardes they met againe together in the city of EPHESVS and as they were walkinge that Hanniball tooke
being to he compared in iustice valliancy and greatnes of corage with the most excellentest GREECIANS in his time dyed shortly after in a battell by sea which he lost vppon the Iles ARGINVCES Wherefore the consederates of the LACEDAEMONIANS seeing that their state was in declining they all together sent an Ambassade vnto SPARTA by whom they made request to the counsell that they would send Lysander againe for their Admirall promising that they would do all things with better corage goodwill vnder his conduction then they would vnder any other Captaine they could sende them So much did Cyrus also wryte vnto them But bicause there was an expresse law forbidding that one man should be twise Admirall and besides they being willing to graunt the request of their confederats made one Aracus their Admirall but in effect gaue Lysander the whole authoritie of all thinges Who was maruelous welcome vnto them and specially vnto the heades and rulers of cities which long before had wished for his comming bicause that by his meanes they hoped to make their authority greater and altogether to take away the authority from the people But they that loued plaine dealing and open magnahimitie in the manners of a gouernor and generall when they came to compare Lysander with Callicratidas they founde that Lysander had a fine subtill head and did more in warres with his policy and subtiltie then by any other meanes And moreouer that he estemediustice when it fell out proffitable and tooke profit for iustice and honestie not thinking that plaine dealing was of better force then crafte but measuring the value of the tone and thother by the profit that came out of them and mockinge of them that sayed that the race of Hercules should not make warres with craft and subtilty For sayd he when the lyons skin will not serue we must help it with the case of a foxe And hereunto agreeth that which they wryte he did in the citie of MILETVM For his frendes and familiars to whome he had promised aide for destruction of the peoples authority and to driue their enemies out of the city they hauing chaunged their mindes and being reconciled vnto their aduersaries he openly made great showe of gladnes and seemed as though he would helpe to agree them together but secretly being alone he tooke them vp sharply and told them that they were cowards to doe it and did procure them to the contrarie to set apon the people And then when he vnderstoode that there was commocion among them in the citie he ranne thither sodainly as it were to appease it But when he was also comen into the citie the first he met with of them that would alter the state of gouernment and take the authority from the people he fell out withall and gaue them rough wordes commaunding with extreamitie that they should fellow him as though he would haue done some great punishment And againe meeting with them on the contrary parte he willed them also that they should not be afrayed nor dout that any man should doe them hurte where he was This was a wicked and malicious practise of him to stay the chiefest of them that were most affected to the popular faction to the ende that afterwardes he might put them all to death as he did For they that trusting to his words remained quiet in the city were all put to death Moreouer Androclidas touching this matter hath left in wryting that which Lysander was wont to say by the which it appeareth that he made very litle reckening to be periured For he sayd that children should be deceiued with the play of kayles and men with others of men following therein Polycrates the tyran of SOMOS but without reason for he was a lawfull Captaine and the other a violent vsurper of tyrannicall power Furthermore it was not done like a true LACONIAN to behaue him selfe towardes the goddes none otherwise then towardes men but rather worse more iniuriously For he that deceiueth his enemy breaketh his othe to him sheweth plainly that he feareth him but that he careth not for god Cyrus therefore hauing sent for Lysander to come to SAâ—DIS to him gaue him money largely and promised him more and bicause he would more honorably shewe the good will he had to gratifie him tolde him that if the kinge his father would geue him nothing yet he would geue him of his owne And furthermore wheÌ„ all other meanes fayled to helpe him with money that rather then he should lacke he would melt his owne chayer to make money of which he sate in when he gaue audience in matter of iustice being altogether of gold and siluer And to be shorte when he was going into MEDIA to the king his father he gaue Lysander power to receiue the taxes and ordinary tributes of the cities vnder his gouernment and made him Lieutenaunt of all his contry And lastly bidding him farewell praied him that he woulde not geue battell by sea vnto the ATHENIANS vntil he returned from the courte and that before his comming againe he woulde haue authoritie to leauie a greate nomber of shippes aswell out of PHOENICIA as out of CICILIA Wherfore whilest Cyrus was in his iorney Lysander not being able to fight with his enemies with like nomber of shippes nor also to lye still and doe nothing with so good a number of gallyes went and scowred the seas where he tooke certaine Ilandes and robbed also AEGINA and Sâ—LAMINA From thence he went landed on the firme lande in the contrye of ATTICA and did his dutie there vnto Agis king of LACEDAEMONIA who came purposely from the forte of Decelea to the sea side to see him bicause their armye by lande also shoulde see what power they had by sea and howe it ruled more by sea then they woulde Neuertheles being aduertised that the fleete of the ATHENIANS followed harde after him he tooke an other course to flye backe againe into ASIA by the Iles and returninge againe founde all the country of HELLESPONT without men of warre So he laied siege before the citie of LAMPSACVS and did assault it with his gallies by sea and Thorax being come thither also at the selfe same time in great hast with his armie by land gaue thassault on his side Thus was the citie taken by force which Lysander left to the spoile of the souldiers Now in the meane time the fleete of the ATHENIANS which was a hundred and foure score saile came to an ancker before the citie of ELEVNTE in the contrie of CHERRONESVS and newes being broughte them that the city of LAMPSACVS was taken they came with all spede possible vnto the citie of SESTOS where getting freshe acates and vittelles they coasted all alongest the coast vnto a certaine place called the goates riuer directly ouer against the fleete of their enemies which lay yet at ancker before the citie of LAMPSACVS Now there was a captaine
DELPHES and for euery priuate Captaine of the gallies in like case and the two starres of Castor Pollux in golde besides which vanished away a litle before the battell of Leuctres and no man knewe what became of them Againe in the chamber of the treasory of Brasidas and of the ACANTHIANS there was also a galley made of gold and iuory of two cubittes long which Cyrus sent vnto him after the victory he had wonne by sea of the ATHENIANS And furthermore Alexandrides the historiographer borne at DEEPHES wryteth that the selfe same Lysander had left there to be kept safe a tallent of siluer two fifty Minas and eleuen peeces of gold called Stateres But all this accordeth not with the which all the other historiographers write agreeing of his pouerty But Lysander being aâ—â—â— then and of greater power then euer any GREECIAN was before him caried a greater poâ—e and countenaunce then became his ability For as Duris writeth he was the first of the GREECIANS vnto whome they did euer erect any aulters and offer sacrifice vnto as a god and in honor of whom they did first sing any hvmnes and at this day there is yet good memory of one which beganne in this maner The noble Captaines praise vve meane to celebrate Of Greece that land vvhich is deuine in euery kinde of state Euen be vvhich vvas both borne and brought to high renovvne VVithin the noble vvealthie vvalles of Sparta stately tovvne The SAMIANS by publicke decree ordained that the feastes of Iuno which were called in their city Heroea should be called Lysandria Lysander had euer one Cherilus a SPARTAN Poet about him to wryte and set forth all his doinges in verse An other Poet called Antilocus one day made certaine verses in his praise which pleased him so well that he gaue him his have full of siluer There were two other Poets Antimachus COLOâ—â—â—ONIAN and NICERAUS borne as HERACLEA which did both wryte verses to honor him striuing whether of them should do best Lysander iudged the crowne and victory vnto Niceraus where with Antimachus was so angry that he rased out all that he had writteÌ„ of him But Plato who at that time was young loued Antimachus bicause he was an excellent Poet did comforte him and tolde him that ignoraunce did blinde the vnderstanding of the ignoraunt as blindenes doth the fight of the blinde Aristonous an excellent player of the citerne one that had six times worthe the prises of the Pythian games to winne Lysanders fauor promised him that if once he wanne the prise of his arte againe he would cause him selfe to be proclaimed Lysanders slaue This ambition of Lysander was very odious and grieuous only vnto great persones and men of his estate but besides his ambition in th ende he became very prowde and cruel through the 〈…〉 of his followers and them that courted him so that he exceeded in recompencing his frendes as also in punishinge of his enemies For to gratifie his frendes and familiars he gaue them absolute power and authority of life and death in their townes and cities and to pacific and appeease his anger where he once hated there was no other way but death without all possibilitie of pardon And that he plainly shewed afterwards in the city of MILETVM where fearing least they would flie that tooke parte with the people bicause he would haue them appeare that hid them selues he gaue his word and sware that he would doe them no hurt at all The poore men gaue credit to his worde But so soone as they came out and did appeare he deliuered them all into the handes of their aduersaries which were the chiefest of the nobility to put them all to death they were no lesse then eight hundred men one without other He caused great murders of people to also be done in other cities for he did not only put them to death that had priuatly offended him but numbers besides onely to satisfie and reuenge the priuate quarrells enmities and couetousnes of his frendes whom he had in euery plate And therefore was Eteocles LACEDAEMONIAN greatly commended for his saying that GREECE could not abide two Lysanders Theophrastus wryteth also that the very like was spoken of Alcibiades by Archestratus Howbeit in Alcibiades there was nothing but his insolency and vaine glory that men misliked but in Lysander a seuere nature and sharpe condicions than made his power fearfull intollerable Neuerthelesse the LACEDAEMONIANS passed ouer all other complaintes exhibited against him sauing when they heard the complaints of Pharnabazus who purposely sent Ambassadors vnto them to complaine of the wrongs and iniuries Lysander had done him spoyling and destroying the contry vnder his gouernment Then the Ephori being offended with him clapped vp Thorax in prison one of his frendes and Captaines that had serued vnder him and finding that he had both gold and siluer in his house contrary to the law put him to death And to him selfe they sent immediatly that which they call Scytala as who would say the scrolle wrytten apon a rounde staffe commaunding him that he should retorne immediatly apon receite thereof The Scytala is in this sorte When the Ephori doe sende a Generall or an Admirall to the warres they cause two litlerounde staues to be made of the like bignes and length of which the Ephori doe keepe the tone and thother they geue to him whome they sende to the warres These two litle slaues they call Soytales Nowe when they will aduertise their Generall secretly of matters of importaunce they take a scrolle of parchement long and narrowe like a leather thonge and wreath it about the round staffe leauinge no voyde space betwene the knottes of the scrowle Afterwardes when they haue bound them fast together then they wryte vppon the parchment thus rolled what they will and when they haue done wryting vnfolde it and sende it to their Generall who can not else possibly read it to know what is writteÌ„ bicause the letters are not ioined together not follow in order but are scattered here and there vntill he take his litle rowle of wodde which was geuen him at his departure And then wreathing the scrowle of parchment about it which he receaueth the folding and wreathes of the parchment falling iust into the selfe same place as they were first folded the letters also come to ioyne one with an other as they ought to doe This litle scrowle of parchement also is called as the rowle of wodde Scytala euen as we commonly see in many places that the thing measured is also called by the name of the measure When this parchement scrowle was brought vnto Lysander who was then in the contrie of HELLESPONT he was maruelously troubled withall fearing aboue all other thinges the accusations of Pharnabazus so he sought meanes to speake with him before he departed Hoping thereby to make his peace with him When they were
Thelesinus had taken ROME Now about midnight came certaine souldeirs from Crassus to Syllaes campe asked for meate for Crassus supper and his mens who hauing chased his flying enemies whom he had ouerthrowen vnto the city of ANTEMNA which they tooke for refuge had lodged his campe there Sylla vnderstaÌ„ding that being aduertised that the most parte of his enemies were ouerthrowen at this battell went him selfe the next morning betimes vnto ANTEMNA where three thowsand of his enemies sent to know if he would receiue them to mercy if they yelded them selues vnto him His aunswer was that he would pardon their liues so as they would do some mischiefe to their fellowes before they came to him These three thowsand hereupon trusting to his promise fell apon their companions and for the most parte one of them killed an other NotwithstaÌ„ding Sylla hauing gathered all those together that remained of his enemies as wel the three thowsand as the rest amouÌ„ting in all to the number of six thowsand men within the show place where they vsed to run their horses whilest he him self held a counsell in the teÌ„ple of the goddesse Bellona was making his oratioÌ„ there he had appointed certeÌ„ to set vpoÌ„ those six thowsand put them to the sword euery man Great and terrible were the cries of such a number of men slaine in so small a roome as many may easily coniecture insomuch as the Senators sitting in counsell heard them very easily and marueled what the matter was But Sylla continuing on his oration which he had begon with a set steady countenance without chauÌ„ging of colour willed theÌ„ only to hearken what he sayd not to trouble them selues with any thing done abroade for they were but certen offenders lewd persons that were punished by his coÌ„maundemeÌ„t This was enough to shew the simplest ROMANE in ROME that they had but only chaunged the tryan but not the tyranny Now for Marius had bene euer of a churlish seuere nature euen from his childhood he neuer chauÌ„ged for any authority but did rather hardeÌ„ his natural stubbornes Where Sylla coÌ„trarily in the beginning was very modest ciuill in all his prosperity gaue great good hope that if he came to the authority of a prince he would fauor nobility wel yet loue notwithstanding the benefit of the people And being moreouer a man in his youth geueÌ„ all to pleasure deliting to laugh ready to pity weepe for tender hart in that he became after so cruell bloody the great alteracioÌ„ gaue manifest cause to condemne the increase of honor authority as thonly meanes wherby mens maners continue not such as they were at the first but still do chaunge vary making some fooles others vaine fantasticall others extreame cruel vnnaturall But whether that alteracion of nature came by chaunging his state condicion or that it was otherwise a violent breaking out of hidden malice which then came to shewe it selfe when they way of liberty was layed open this matter is to be decided in some other treatise So it came to passe that Sylla fell to sheading of blood filled all ROME with infinite vnspeakable murthers for diuerse were killed for priuate quarrels that had nothing to do with Sylla at any time who suffered his frends those about him to worke their wicked wills Vntil at the length there was a young man called Caius Metellus that was so bold to aske Sylla in open Senate when all these miseries should end and when they should know that all the mischieues were finished the which they dayly sawe For said he we will not intreate you to pardoÌ„ life where you haue threatned death but only to put theÌ„ out of dout whom you haue determined to saue Whereunto Sylla made aunswer that he was not resolued whom he would saue Metellus replied theÌ„ tell vs quod be who they are that shall dye Sylla aunswered he would Howbiet some say it was not Metellus but Aufidius one of his flatterers that spake this last word vnto him Wherefore Sylla immediatly without making any of the magistrats priuy caused foure score mens names to be set vp vpon postes whom he would put to death Euery maÌ„ being offeÌ„ded withal the next day following he set vp two hundred twenty mens names more likewise the third day as many more Hereupon making an oration to the people he told theÌ„ openly that he had appointed all them to dye that he could call to remeÌ„braunce howbiet that hereafter he would appoint them that should dye by daies as he did call them to minde Whosoeuer saued an outlaw in his house for reward of his kindnes he himselfe was condeÌ„ned to dye not excepting theÌ„ that had receiued their brothers their sonnes their fathers nor mothers And the reward of euery homycide murtherer that killed one of the outlawes was two talentes though it were a slaue that had killed his master on the sonne that had slaine the father But the most wicked vniust act of all was that he depriued the sonnes sonnes sonnes of them whom he had killed of all credit good name besides that had takeÌ„ all their goods as coÌ„fiscate And this was not only done in ROME but also in al the cities of ITALIE through out there was no reÌ„ple of any god whatsoeuer no aulter in any bodies house no liberty of hospital nor fathers house that was not embrued with blood horrible murder For the husbaÌ„ds were slaine in their wiues armes the childreÌ„ in their mothers laps and yet they which were slaine for priuate hatred malice were nothing in respect of those that were murdered only for their goods And they that killed them might well say his goodly great house made that man dye his goodly fayer garden the other and his hotte batheâ—â— other As amongest others Quintus Aurelius a man that neuer medled with any thinge and least looked that these euills should light vpon him and that only pitied those which he sawe so miserably murdered went one day into the market place and reading the bill set vp of the outlawes names found his owne name amongest the rest and cried outalowde alas the day that euer I was borne my house of ALEA maketh me to be put to death He went not fawe from the market place but met with one that killed him presently In the meane time Mariâ—â— the younger seeing he could by no meanes escape if he were taken slue him selfe And Sylla comming to PRAENESTE did first execute them by one and by one keeping a certaine forme of iustice in putting them to death but afterwardes as if he had no lenger leasure to remaine there he caused them all to be put in a place together to the number of twelue thowsandâ— men whom he caused to be put to the sword euery man sauing his host only vnto whom he sayd
twelue fâ—â—long of ioyning with Octauius There in hast he had gotten a hall which was not so steepe for horsemen neither of such strength as the other hittes were called Siâ—â—â—ns yet vnder them and ioyning to them by along hill that tormeth alongest the plaine so as Octauius plainly saw the daunger Crassus was in There apon he first ran downe the hilles with a few of his men that followed him but after also come all the rest saying they were cowards and if they should cary behinde At their comming they gaue such a hot onset apon the PARTHIANS that they made them geue backe from that hill and compassing Crassus in the middest of them couering him rounde with their targets they spake nobly that neuer arrow of the PARTHIANS should touche the bodie of their Generall before they were slaine one after antother and that they had fought it out to the last man in his defence Hereupon Surena pâ—â—ociâ—ing the PARTHIANS were not so coragious as they were wont to be and that if might come vpon them and that the ROMANES did once recouer the hiâ— mountaines they could neuer possibly be neuer withall againe he thought cunningly to be guide Crassus once more by this deuise vse â—â— let certaine prisoners goe of purpose before whome he made his men 〈…〉 out this speeche That the king of PARTHIA would haue no mortal urge with the ROMANES but 〈…〉 se herâ—â—her desired their friendshippe by shewing them so 〈…〉 not as to vse Crassus very corteously And to gone coâ—lo 〈…〉 this 〈…〉 he called his 〈…〉 fight and going him selfe in person towardes Crassus with the chiefest of the 〈…〉 of his host in 〈…〉 his how 〈…〉 he held at this right hand and called Crassus talke with him of peace and sayd vnto him Though the ROMANES had felt the 〈…〉 it was against his will for he could do no lesse but defend him selfe very willing and desirous to make them cast of his mercie 〈…〉 and to 〈…〉 make peace with them and to let them goe safely where they would 〈…〉 Round 〈…〉 Crassus were glad of Surenaes wordes But Crassus that had bene 〈…〉 〈…〉 hâ—s and deuises considering also no cause apparant to make them 〈…〉 would not harden to it but first consulted with his frends He whithout 〈…〉 they tried out on him to goe and fell at wordes with him saying 〈…〉 and 〈…〉 though they were all slaine and that him selfe had noâ—â—he hart onely to come downe and talke with their enemies that were vnarmed Crassus proued first to pacifie them by fayer meanes perswading them to beare a litle pacience but till night which was at hande and then they might safely departe at their pleasure and recouer the mountaines and straight passages where their enemies could not follow them and pointing them the way with his finger he prayed them not to be faint harted nor to dispaire of their safety seeing they were so neere it But in the ende Crassus perceiuing they fell to mutiny and beating of their harnes did threaten him if he went not fearing then they would doe him some villany went towardes the enemy and comming backe a litle sayd onely these wordes O Octauius and you Petronius with all you ROMANE gentlemen that haue charge in this armie you all see now how against my will I am enforced to go to the place I would not can witnes with me how I am driuen with shame and force Yet I pray you if your fortunes be to escape this daunger that ye will report wheresoeuer you come that Crassus was slaine not deliuered vp by his one souldiers into the handes of the barbarous people as I am but deceiued by the frawde suttiltie of his enemies Octauius would not tary behind on the hill but went downe with Crassus but Crassus sent a way his officers that followed him The first that cameÌ„ from the PARTHIANS vnto Crassus were two mongrel GRACIANS who dismounting from their horse saluted him and prayed him to sende some of his men before and Surena would shewe them that both him selfe and his trayne came vnarmed towardes him Crassus thereto made them aunswer that if he had made any accompt of his life he would not haue put him selfe into their handes Notwithstanding he sent two brethren before called the ROSCIANS to knowe what number of men and to what ende they met so many together These two brethren came no sooner to Surena but they were stayed and him selfe in the meane time kept on-his way a horse backe with the noblest men of his army Now when Surena came neere to Crassus why how now quod he what meaneth this a Consull and Lieutenaunte generall of ROME a foote and we a horse backe Therewithall he straight commaunded one of his men to bring him a horse Crassus aunswered Surena againe In that they neither of both offended following the vse and maner of their contry when any meeting is made for treatie of peace Surena replied As for the treatie of peace that was already agreed apon betwene the king Hyrodes and the ROMANES howbeit that they were to goe to the riuer and there to set downe the articles in wryting For you ROMANES sayd he doe not greatly remember the capitulacions you haue agreed apon With those wordes he gaue him his right hand As Crassus was sending for a horse you shall not neede sayd Surena for looke the kinge doth present you this And straight one was brought him with a steeâ—â— saddle richly gilt apon the which his gentlemen mounted Crassus immediatly and following him behinde lashed his horse to make him runne the swifter Octauius seeing that first layed hand on the bridle then Petronius Colonell of a thowsand footemen and after them all the rest of the ROMANES also gathered about Crassus to stay the horse and to take him from them by force that pressed him on of eitherside So they thrust one at an other at the first very angrily and at the last fell to blowes Then Octauius drew out his sword and slue one of the barbarous noble mens horsekeepers and an other came behinde him and slue Octauius Petronius had no target and receiuing a blow on his curaces lighted from his horse and had no huâ—e and on the otherside came Pomaxathres one of the PARTHIANS and slue Crassus Some say notwithstanding that Pomaxathres slue him not but an other yet that he cut of his heade his hand after he fell dead to the ground But all these reportes are rather coniectures then any certainty For as for them that were there some of them were slaine in the field fighting for Crassus and other saued them selues by flying to the hill The PARTHIANS followed them and tolde them that Crassus had payed the paine he had deserued and for the rest that Surena bad them come downe with safetie Then some of them yeelded to their enemies and other dispersed them selues when night came and of them very
vvarres His ambition notwithstanding couetous desire of rule did nothing benefit the ROMANES For the ATHENIANS sent Nicias to the warre against his will but Crassus led the ROMANES thither against their willes So that the common wealth fell into miserie by the one and the other through the common wealth was brought into miserie and yet therein there is rather cause to praise Nicias than to blame Crassus For Nicias like a wise man a Captaine of great experience could neuer so much as be brought to thinke they should conquer SICILE and therfore disswaded his contrymen from the iorney would geue no place to the vaine hope of the people of ATHENS But Crassus taking apon him to make warres with the PARTHIANS as though it had bene an easie matter to ouercome them found him selfe deceiued yet did he aspire to great thinges For as Iulius Caesar had conquered subdued to the Imperiall crowne of ROME all the contries of the West partes to say the GAVLES the GERMAINES and ENGLANDE euen so did Crassus desire to goe towardes the East partes to conquer all to the great west sea of the INDIANS and to subdue all the regions of ASIA whereunto Pompey and Lucullus aspired being both very noble personages and such as euer curteously behaued them selues to all men notwithstanding prouoked thereunto with the like desire that Crassus had For wheÌ„ the charge of the warres in the East partes was assigned to Pompey by decree order of the people the Senate vtterly misliked it and were against it all they could When newes were brought to ROME that Iulius Caesar in battell had ouerthrowen and slaine three hundred thowsand GERMAINES Cato perswading with the Senate was yet stil of this minde that Caesar should be deliuered into the handes of his enemies whom he had ouercomen for to be puâ—isned thereby to turne the sharpe reuenge and wrathe of the goddes from ROME apon him only that was the vniust breaker of the peace This notwithstaÌ„ding the people making none account of Catoes perswasions made common feastes processions fifteene dayes together and open sacrifices to the goddes with great ioy through the citie to thanke them for this famous victory How glad may we thinke would they haue bene and howe many dayes would they haue feasted and sacrificed if Crassus had wrytten from BABYLON of his victory and that he had conquered all the realmes of the MEDES of the PERSIANS of the HYRCANIAMS of SVSE and of the BACTRIANS and that he had made new gouernments and prouinces to the Empire of ROME If a man vvill needes doe vvrong and iniustice As Euripides sayth to them that can not liue in peace and be contented with their owne he must not then sticke at trifles as rasing of a castell of Scandia or of a citie of MENDA or chasing of the AEGINETES being out of their owne naturall contrie and hiding them selues like birdes without neastes in an other birdes hole but must dearely sell the wrong he doth and not lightly contemne iustice as a thing of small account For they that will commend the intent of Alexander the great in his voyage for the conquestes he made in the East and doe dispraise Crassus voyage doe not well to iudge of the beginning by the euentes and successe of the end For executing of their offices Nicias did many noble exploytes For he ouerthrew his enemies in diuers battell and had almost taken the citie of SYRACVSA and sure they can not iustely blame him for all the misfortunes that chaunced in the warre of SICILIA but partely the plague was a cause of it and partely also the enuie of those towardes him that remainde at ATHENS Where as Crassus ranne into so many errors and committed such foule partes in all his voyage that he gaue fortune no leasure to do him good so that I wonder not so much that his folly was ouercome by the power of the PARTHIANS as that it could ouercome the good fortune of the ROMANES Sithens it so falleth out theÌ„ that they both came to 〈…〉 vnfortunate end Nicias prognosticating before what thinges should happen by arte and rule of diuination and Crassus contrarily disdaining to obserue any thing sure it falleth out hard in iudgement which of them two proceeded with most safety Yet according to the best approued opinions a fault committed of feare is more excusable then of rashnes and folly to breake any auncient law or custome For their deathes Crassus end deserued least reproache For he against his will did yeelde him selfe and was neither bound nor mocked but only perswaded by his frendes and through his enemies frawde and treason most traiterously deceiued where Nicias cowardly and dishonorably hoping to saue his life trusting to the mercy of his enemies made his death more infamous THE LIFE OF Sertorius PEraduenture it is not to be maruelled at if in long proces of time fortune altering her effectes dayly these worldly euentes fall often out one like an other For whether it be that the variety of thinges are infinite fortune hath store of matter apt enough to worke to likenes or be it that worldly matters be compreheÌ„ded within determinate number of necessitie one thing must fall out like an other since they proceede from one cause tyed to the same meanes it before did vse But bicause men doe delight to compare such chaunces together as they haue seene or heard to haue happened so like as if they had bene done of purpose th one by the example of the other as that of two men being both named Attis both of them commen of noble houses th one in SYRIA and the other in ARCADIA both the one and the other were slaine with a wild bore That of two called Actaeon the one was torne a peeces by his dogges the other by his louers That of the two famous Scipioes CARTHAGINIANS were first ouercomen by the one and afterwards vtterly destroyed by the other That the citie of TROYE was first taken by Hercules for the horses that Laomedon had promised him the seconde time by Agamemnon by meanes of the great wodden horse and the third time by Charidemus by meanes of a horse that fell within the gate kept the TTROYANS that they could not shutte it in time And that of two sweete smelling plantes IOS and SMYENA two cities were named the one signifying the Violet and the other Myrre it is supposed that the Poet Homer was borne in the one and that he dyed in the other we may also adde to this example that amongest the auncient Captaines the greatest warriers and that haue done the noblest exploytes by wit and warlike stratageames had but one eye as Philip Antigonus Hanniball and Sertorius also whom we wryte of at this present Whom we may truely reporte to haue bene more chast than Philip more faithfull to his frend than Antigonus more curteous to his enemies than Hannibal and for wisdom and
an other without any playing or vncomely talke In the middest of supper they that sought occasion of quarrell beganne to speake lewde wordes counterfeating to be dronke and to play many vile partes of purpose to anger Sertorius Whereuppon Sertorius whether it was that he coulde not abide to see those villanous partes or that he mistrusted their ill will towardes him by fumbling of their wordes in their mouthes and by their vnwonted irreuerent maner shewed vnto him fell backewards apon the bed where he sate at meate seeming no more to marke what they did or sayd Perpenna at that instant tooke a cuppe full of wine making as though he dranke let it fall of purpose The cuppe falling drowne made a noyse and that was the signe geuen among them Therewithall Antonius that sate aboue Sertorius at the table stabbed him in with his dagger Sertorius feeling the thrust stroue to rise but the traiterous murderer got vp on Sertorius brest held both his handes And thus was Sertorius cruelly murdered not able to defend him selfe all the conspirators falling apon him Sertorius death being blowen abroade the most parte of the SPANYARDS sent Ambassadors immediatly vnto Pompey and Metellus and yeelded them selues vnto them and Perpenna with those that remained with him attempted to doe some thing with Sertorius army and preparation But all fell out to his vtter destruction and ruine making the world know that he was a wicked man who could neither commaund nor knew how to obey For he went to assaile Pompey who had ouerthrowen him straight and was in the end taken prisoner And yet in that instant of his calamitie he did not vse him selfe like a valliant minded man and one worthy to rule for thinking to saue his life hauing Sertorius letters and wrytinges he offered Pompey to deliuer him all Sertorius letters sent him from the chiefest Senators of ROME wrytten with their owne handes requestinge Sertorius to bring his armie into ITALIE where he should finde numbers of people desirous of his comming and that gaped still for chaunge of gouernment But here did Pompey shewe him selfe a graue and no younge man deliueringe thereby the citie of ROME from great feare and daunger of chaunge and innouation For he put all Sertorius letters and wrytinges on a heape together and burnt them euery one without readinge any of them or sufferinge them to be red And moreouer he presently put Perpenna to death fearing he should name some which if they were named would breede new occasion of trouble sedition And as for the other conspirators some of thē afterwards were brought to Pompey who put them all to death and the rest of them fled into AFRICKS where they were all ouerthrowen by them of the contrie and not a man of them scaped but fell vnfortunately apon th edge of the sworde Aufidius only except Manlius companion in loue Who either bicause he was not reckened of or else vnknowen dyed an olde man in a pelting village of the barbarous people poore miserable and hated of all the world THE LIFE OF Eumenes DVris the Historiographer wryteth that Eumenes was borne in the citie of CARDIA in THRACIA being a cariers sonne of the same contrie who for pouertie earned his liuing by carying marchaundises to and fro and that he was notwithstanding honestly brought vp as well at schoole as at other comely exercises And furthermore how that he being but a boy Philip king of MACEDON chaunsing to come through the city of CARDIA where hauing nothing to do he tooke great pleasure to see the young men of the citie handle their weapons boyes to wrestle and among them Eumenes shewed such actiuitie and performed it with so good a grace withall that Philippe liked the boye well and tooke him away with him But sure their reporte seemeth truest which wryte that Philippe did aduaunce him for the loue he bare to his father in whose house he had lodged After the death of Philippe Eumenes continued his seruice with king Alexander his sonne where he was thought as wise a man as faithfull to his master as any and though he was called the Chaunceller or chiefe secretary yet the king did honor him as much as he did any other of his chiefest frendes familiars For he was sent his Lieutenaunt generall of his whole army against the INDIANS and was Perdiccas successor in the gouernment of his prouince Perdiccas being preferred vnto Hephaestions charge after his death Nowe bicause Neoptolemus that was one of the chiefe Squiers for the body vnto the king after the death of Alexander told the Lordes of the counsell of MACEDON that he had serued the king with his shield and speare and howe Eumenes had followed with his penne and paper the Lordes laughed him to scorne knowing that besides many great honors Eumenes had receiued the king esteemed so well of him that he did him the honor by mariage to make him his kinseman For the first Lady that Alexander knew in ASIA was Barsine Artabazus daughter by whom he had a sonne called his name Hevenles of two of her sisters he maried the one of them called Apama vnto Ptolomye her other sister also called Barsine he bestowed vpon Eumenes when he distributed the PERSIAN Ladies among his Lordes and familiars to marrie them Yet all this notwithstanding he often fell in disgrace with king Alexander stoode in some daunger by meanes of Hephaestion For Hephaestion following Alexanders courte on a time hauing appointed Euius a phiphe player a lodging which Eumenes seruauntes had taken vp for their maister Eumenes being in a rage went with one Mentor vnto Alexander crying out that a mā were better be a phiphe a common plaier of Tragedies then a souldier sithence such kinde of people were preferred before men of seruice that ventured their liues in the warres Alexander at that present time was as angrie as Eumenes roundly tooke vp Hephaestion for it howbeit immediatly after hauing chaunged his minde he was much offended with Eumenes bicause he thought him not to haue vsed that franke speech so much against Hephaestion as of a certaine presumptuous boldenes towardes him selfe And at an other time also when Alexander was sending Nearchus with his army by sea to cleere the coastes of the Occean it chaunsed the king was without money whereupon he sent to all his frendes to take vp money in prest and among others vnto Eumenes of whom he requested three hundred talentes Eumenes lent him but a hundred and sayd he had much a doe to get him so much of all his tenantes Alexander sayd nothing to him neither would he suffer them to take his hundred talentes but commaunded his officers to set Eumenes tent a fire bicause he would take him tardy with a lye before he could geue order to cary away his gold and siluer Thus was his tent burnt downe to the ground before they could
make shift to saue any thing the which Alexander repented afterwardes and was sorie it was burnt bicause all his letters and wrytinges were burnt withall Howbeit after the fire was quenched they found in niggots of gold and siluer mingled together aboue a thowsand talentes and yet Alexander tooke none of it away but more then that he sent vnto all his Lieutenauntes Captaines and Gouernors of contries wheresoeuer they were that they should send him copies of all the letters which they before had sent vnto him bicause all those which he had were burnt and commaunded Eumenes to take them againe After that Eumenes and Hephaestion fell at variance againe by reason of a gifte that was geuen him insomuch as very fowle wordes passed betwext Hephaestion and him yet did not the king geue Eumenes any ill countenaunce at that time Notwithstanding shortly after Hephaestion was dead the king taking his death grieuously whom he loued so derely gaue no good countenaunce and was very briefe besides vnto those whom he knew bare any grudge vnto Hephaestion whiles he liued that he thought were glad of his death but specially vnto Eumenes of all other whose malice towards Hephaestion was knowen to him well enough insomuch as he would ofte twyt him withall remembring him of the iniuries he had offred Hephaestion But Eumenes being very wise and one that could take his time procured his helpe by the selfe same meane that did him hurte and deuised to further Alexanders desire seeking to honor Hephaestions funerall with all pompe possible newe inuentions to set forth the same of more magnificence then had before bene seene sparing for no cost laying on money bountifully to make him a rich and stately tombe Againe when Alexander was dead there fell out great variance betwext the MACEDONIAN footemen and the noble men that had bene neerest about him and in that quarrell Eumenes in good will stucke to the Lordes but in wordes he seemed a newter and frend to both partes saying it was not for him being a straunger to thrust him selfe into the quarrells of the MACEDONIANS And when the other Lordes were departed from Babylon Eumenes tarying behinde pacified the greatest parte of the souldiers and made them more tractable and ready to agree with the Lordes Whereupon after the Lordes and Captaines had consulted together and taken order for those contentions they deuided the gouernment of the prouinces amonge them which they called Satrapaes in which partition Eumenes had CAPPADOCIA PAPHLAGONIA and all that coast vpon Mare Ponticum vnto the citie of TRAPEZVNTE the which at that time was not subiect to Thempire of MACEDON for Ariarathes kept it them as king Howbeit it was sayd that Leonatus and Antigonus would put him in possession of it with a great and puisant armie and make him Gouernor there Yet afterwardes Antigonus made none accompt of Perdiccas letters vnto him putting him in the heade of great imaginations to conquer all despising all other And Leonatus also came downe into PHRâ—â—IA and vndertooke the iorney of this conquest for Eumenes sake But when he was in iorney thitherwardes Hecataeus tyran of the CARDIANS went to him to his army prayed him rather to goe helpe Antipater and the other MACEDONIANS which were besieged in the citie of LAVIA So Leonatus being willing to take sea and go thither went about to perswade Eumenes also to like of it and to reconcile him with Hecataeus for they were not frendes one with an other by reason of a quarrell that Eumenes father had with this Hecataeus about the gouernment of their citie Besides that Eumenes had many times complained of him openly vnto king Alexander saying that he was a tyranne and besought the kinge that it woulde please him to serte the CARDIANS at libertie And therefore Eumenes refusing that iorney against the GRAECIANS alleaging that he was afrayed of Antipater who had bene his enemy of long time doubting that for the olde grudge he bare him also to gratifie Hecataeus he would put him to death Leonatus then reuealed him selfe and his purpose to him and how he made as though he would passe ouer the sea to ayde Antipater where in deede his meaning was to take the kingdom of MACEDON Thereupon he shewed him letters sent him from Cleopatra willing him to come to the citie of PELLA and there she would marry him When Eumenes was made priuy to his purpose either bicause he feared Antipater or els for that he had no great good opinion of Leonatus knowing him to be a fonde man and very rashe and vnconstant in his doinges he stale away from him by night with those fewe men he had being about three hundred horsemen and two hundred footemen well armed taking all his gold with him which amounted to the summe of fiue thowsand talentes and fled with them vnto Perdiccas vnto whom he bewrayed all Leonatus intent and minde whereuppon he was immediatly of great credit about him and called to counsell Shortly after Perdiccas brought him into CAPPADOCIA with a great armie which he him selfe did leade Where Ariarathes was taken prisoner and Eumenes established Gouernor of the contrie who deliuered the charge of the great cities vnto his frendes and left them there Captaines of garrisons which he appointed placing euery where Iudges Receiuers Gouernors and all such other officers necessarie as he thought meete Perdiccas medling with nothing at all Notwithstanding Eumenes went away with Perdiccas againe as well to wayte apon him as also bicause he would euer be about the kinges But Perdiccas thinking with him selfe that he alone could wel enough performe thenterprise he went about and considering also that the realme he left behinde him stoode needefull of a wise and skilfull Gouernor whom he might trust with the safety of his state when they were in CILICIA returned Eumenes backe againe vnder colour to send him to his gouernment but in dede to keepe the realme of ARMENIA in obedience the which confined apon the fronters of his contrie whereof he was Gouernor bicause Neoptolemus did vnder hand practise some alteration Now though Neoptolemus was a prowde and insolent person yet Eumenes still deuised to hold him in and kept him from attemptes by gentle and fayer wordes Furthermore perceiuing also that the regiment of the MACEDONIAN footemen were growen exceding stowâ— insolent he for a strength defense against them set vp a coÌ„pany of horsemen to bring it to passe released all the contriemen from paying of tribute or taxe being meete to serue a horsebacke and bought a great number of horse of seruice which he gaue amongs them that were about him in which he put his most trust and affiance making them coragious by honors and giftes he gaue to them that serued well and so by continuall exercise and often remouing them from place to place made them very ready and seruiceable Thus were the noble men of MACEDON some much amazed some others very glad when
them but then they sacked burnt all that came in their way euen vnto the riuer of Eurotas and hard adioyning vnto SPARTA and no man durst come out to resist them For Agesilaus as Theopompus wryteth would not suffer the LACEDAEMONIANS to goe out to fight against such a tempest and furie of warre but hauing fortified the middest of the citie and garded euery end of the streetes with souldiers he paciently bare all the bragges and threates of the THEBANS which challenged him out to fight and bad him come into the fielde to defende his contrie that onely was the cause of all these their calamities hauing him selfe procured this warre If this went to Agesilaus hart no lesse grieuous were these troubles to him that rose within the citie As the cries and running toe and froe of the old men which were mad to see that they did before their eyes and of sely women also which no grounde nor place could hold but ranne vp and downe as straught of their wittes to heare the noise the enemies made and to see the fire which they raised all the fieldes ouer Much more sorowefull also did this make him when as he bethought him selfe that entring into his kingdom at such time as the citie of SPARTA was in the greatest prosperitie that euer it was he now saw his honor eclipsed and the glorie of his kingdom ouerthrowen and the rather for that him selfe had often auaunted that LACONIAN women had neuer seene the smoke of any enemies campe And as they say of Antalcidas one day that he answered an ATHENIAN that contended with him about the valliantnesse of one an others nation alleaging for him selfe that the ATHENIANS had often driuen the LACEDAEMONIANS from the riuer of Cephesus It is true said the LACONIAN but we did neuer driue you from the riuer of Eurotas The like aunswere made a meane man of SPARTA to one of the ARGIVES that cast him in the teeth there are diuers of your LACONIANS buried in the contrie of ARGOLIDE so are there none of yours sayd he buried in LACONIA It is reported that Antalcidas being one of the Ephori at that time did secretly sende his children into the I le of CITHAERA fearing least the citie of SPARTA should be taken Agesilaus perceiuing that the enemies forced to passe ouer the riuer to enter the citie he stoode to defend the middle parte of the citie being the hiest place of the same and there had his men sette in order of battell Now at that time by chaunce the riuer of Eurotas was swelled greater then of ordinarie by reason of the snowe waters that fell aboundantly which troubled more the THEBANS with the coldnes then roughnes of the same in passing it ouer Some shewing Agesilaus how Epaminondas marched formost before his battell he beheld him a great while and his eye was neuer of him saying neuer a word but this onely O what a noble fellowe is that Epaminondas hauing done all that he could possible to geue the LACEDAEMONIANS battell euen within the citie selfe of SPARTA that he might there haue set vp some tokens of triumphe he could neuer intise Agesilaus to come out of his forte wherefore he was driuen in the ende to departe thence and so went to destroy all the rest of the contrie There fell out a conspiracie of two hundred men in SPARTA who of long time had had an ill meaning with them and tooke that quarter of the citie where the temple of Diana stoode called Issorium a place of strong scituacion and ill to distresse Hereuppon the LACEDAEMONIANS in furie would straight haue set apon them But Agesilaus fearing great mutinie and sturre apon it commaunded that no man should sturre and him selfe vnarmed in a poore gowne went thither crying out to them that had taken that strength Sirs ye haue not obeyed my commaundement This is not the place I appointed you to assemble in neither all of you in one place for I willed you to disperse your selues some one way some an other way shewing them the quarters of the citie The traitors hearing these wordes were glad as thinking that their intent was not bewraied and so leauing that strength went into those partes of the citie that he had shewed them Agesilaus then bringinge others thether possessed the forte of Issorium and tooke fifteene of those conspiratours and put them to death the next night followinge Howebeit then there brake out an other conspiracie farre greater than the first of the SPARTANS them selues which were secretly gotten together into a house to make some sodaine sturre and garboyle and to punish them in so great a trouble it was hard on thother side to neglect it the conspiracie was ouer daungerous Agesilaus hauing consulted with the Ephori did put them all to death without any iudgement of lawe neuer SPARTANS before them suffering death without due order of law Againe whereas diuers of their neighbours of the Ilotes them selues whom they had billed in their bandes for souldiers stale away and ranne to their enemies which did much discorage them that remained he warned his men that they should euerie day goe to their couches where they lay and that they shoulde take away their armour that were fled and hide it bicause they should not knowe the names of them that were fled in this sorte Now for the departure of the THEBANS some say that they went out of LACONIA by reason of the winter that came on whereuppon the ARCADIANS discharged their bandes and euerie one departed his way in disorder Others also holde opinion that they continued there three monethes together during which time they destroyed the most parte of the contrie Theopompus wryteth notwithstanding that the Captaines of the THEBANS hauing determined to departe there came one Phrixus a SPARTAN vnto them sent from Agesilaus who brought them tenne talents that they should departe out of their contrie Thus had they money geuen them to defraye their charges homewardes to doe that which they them selues had long before determined to haue done And yet doe I wonder howe it is possible that all other historiographers knewe nothing of this and that Theopompus onely could tell of it All doe acknowledge truely that Agesilaus onely was the cause that the citie of SPARTA was saued who leauing his ambition and selfe will being passions borne with him did wisely foresee their safetie Neuerthelesse after this great ouerthrowe he could neuer raise SPARTA againe to her former greatnesse For like as a whole bodie which hauing acquainted it selfe continually with a moderate diet with the least disorder doth surfet presently and so putteth all in daunger euen so Lycurgus hauing framed a perfect state of gouernment in the common wealth of SPARTA to make her citizens liue in peace and amitie together when they did enlarge it by great kingdomes and realmes the which the good lawemaker thought vnmeete to continue happie life they were straight
had cōmaunded there should be a bill made of all the olde mens names and diseased persones that were in his campe to sende them home againe into their contry there was one Eurylochus AEGEIAN that made his name be billed among the sicke persons it was sound afterwardes that he was not sicke and confessed that he did it only to follow a young woman called Telesippa with whom he was in loue who was returning homewardes towardes the sea side Alexander asked him whether this woman were free or bond he answered him that she was a curtisan free borne Then sayd Alexander vnto Eurylochus I would be glad to further thy loue yet I can not force her to tarie but seeke to winne her by giftes and fayer wordes to be contented to tarie sithence she is a free woman It is a wonderfull thing to see what paines he would take to write for his frendes euen in such trifles as he did As when he wrote into CILICIA for a seruaunt of Seleucus that was fled from his master sending straight commaundement that they should carefully lay for him And by an other letter he commendeth Peucestas for that he had stayed and taken one Nicon a slaue of Craterus And by one other letter also vnto Megabizus touching an other bondman that had taken sanctuarie in a temple he commaunded him also to seeke to intise him out of the sanctuarie to laye hold on him if he could but otherwise not to meddle with him in any case It is sayd also that at the first when he vsed to sit in iudgement to heare criminall causes whilest the accuser went on with his complaint and accusation he alwayes vsed to lay his hande vppon one of his eares to keepe that cleane from the matter of accusation thereby reseruing it to heare the purgacion and iustificacion of the person condemned But afterwardes the number of accusations that were brought before him did so prouoke and alter him that he did beleue the false accusations by the great number of the true that were brought in But nothinge put him more in rage then when be vnderstoode they had spoken ill of him and then he was so fierce as no pardon would be graunted for that he loued his honor more then his kingdome or life Then at that time he went against Darius thinking that he ment to fight againe but vnderstanding that Bessus had taken him then he gaue the THESSALIANS leaue to departe home into their contrie and gaue them two thowsand talentes ouer and aboue their ordinarie pay Alexander had then a maruelous long hard and painefull iorney in following of Darius for in eleuen dayes he rode three thowsande three hundred furlong insomuch as the most parte of his men were euen wearie and done for lacke of water It chaunced him one day to meete with certaine MACEDONIANS that caried vppon moyles goate skinnes full of water which they had fetched from a riuer They seeing Alexander in manner deade for thirst being aboutnoone ranne quickely to him and in a headpeece brought him water Alexander asked them to whom they caried this water They answered him againe that they caried it to their children but yet we would haue your grace to liue for though we lose them we may get more children When they had sayd so Alexander tooke the helmet with water and perceiuing that the men of armes that were about him and had followed him did thrust out their neckes to looke vpon this water he gaue the water backe againe vnto them that had geuen it him and thanked them but dranke none of it For sayd he if I drinke alone all these men here will faint Then they seeing the noble corage and curtesie of Alexander cried out that he should lead them and therewithall beganne to spurre their horses saying that they were not wearie nor a thirst nor did thinke them selues mortall so long as they had such a king Euerie man was a like willing to followe Alexander yet had he but three score only that entred with him into the enemies campe There passinge ouer much golde and siluer which was scattered abroade in the market place and going also by many charriottes full of women and children which they found in the fields flying away at all aduenture they ranne vpon the spurre vntil they had ouertaken the foremost that fled thinking to haue founde Darius amongest them But at the length with much a doe they founde him layed along in a coche hauing many woundes vpon his bodie some of darts and some speares So he being almost at the last cast called for some drinke and dranke colde water which Polystratus gaue him To whom when he had dronke he sayd this is my last mishappe my frend that hauing receiued this pleasure I can not require thee howbeit Alexander will recompence thee and the goddes Alexander for the liberalitie and curtesie which he hath shewed vnto my wife and children whom I pray thee embrace for my sake At these last wordes he tooke Polystratus by the hande and so gaue vp the goast Alexander came immediatly after and plainely shewed that he was sorie for his death and misfortune and vndoing his owne cloke he cast it vpon the body of Darius After that hauing by good happe gotten Bessus into his hands he tare him in peces with two high straight trees which he bowed downewards and tied his legges to eche of them so that when the trees were let goe they gaue a sodaine cruell ierke vp and caried either tree a peece of his bodie with it Then Alexander hauing geuen Darius corse Princely buriall and embalned him he sent it vnto his mother and receiued his brother Exathres for one of his frendes From thence he went into the contrie of HYRCANIA with all the flower of his armie where he sawe the gulfe of the sea Caspium which he thought of no lesse greatnesse then the sea of PONTVS howbeit calmer then the other seas be He could not then certainly finde out what it was nor from whence it came but of likelyhoode he thought it was some breaking out of the lake or marrish of Meotin Yet some auncient naturall Philosophers seemed to know truely what it was For many yeares before Alexanders voyage and conquest they wrote that of the foure chiefest gulfes of the sea that commeth from the Ocean and doe entre within maine land that which is most northerly is the sea Caspium which they call also Hyrcanium As Alexander went through the contrie certaine barbarous people sodainely sette vppon them that led Bucephal his horse and tooke him but with that he was in such a rage that he sent a Heraulde into their contrie to proclaime open warres vppon them and that he would put man woman and childe to the sword if they brought him not his horse againe Whereuppon when his horse was returned home and that they yeelded vp their cities and fortes into his handes he did vse
in the contry from BABYLON did take his pleasure rowing vp downe the riuer of Euphrates Yet had he many other ill signes tokēs one vpō another that made him afraid For there was a tame asse that killed one of the greatest goodliest Lions in all BABYLON with one of his feete Another time when Alexander had put of his clothes to be nointed to play at tennis When he should put on his apparel again the yong gentlemen that plaied with him found a man set in his chaier of estate hauing the kings diademe on his head his gowne on his back said neuer a word Then they asked him what he was It was long before he made them aunswer but at the length comming to him self he said his name was Dionysius borne in MESSINA being accused for certein crimes committed he was sent from the sea thether where he had bene a long time prisoner also that the god Serapis had appeared vnto him vndone his irons that he commaunded him to take the kings gowne his diademe and to sit him downe in his chaier of estate say neuer a word When Alexander heard it he put him to death according to the counsail of his Soothsayers but then his mind was troubled feared that the gods had forsaken him also grew to suspect his frends But first of al Alexander feared Antipater his sonnes aboue all other For one of them called Iolas was his first cupbearer his brother called Cassander was newly come out of GRAECE vnto him The first time that Cassander saw some of the barbarous people reuerencing Alexander he hauing bene brought vp with the libertie of GRAECE had neuer seene the like before fel into a lowd laughing very vnreuerētly Therwith king Alexander was so offended that he tooke him by the heare of his head with both his hands knocked his head the wal together Another time also when Cassander did aunswer some that accused his father Antipater king Alexander tooke him vp sharply said vnto him What saiest thou said he Doost thou thinke that these men would haue gon so long a iorney as this falsly to accuse thy father if he had not done them wrong Cassander again replyed vnto Alexander said that that was a manifest proofe of their false accusatiō for that they did now accuse him being so farre of bicause they thought they could not sodainly be disproued Alexander thereat fel a laughing a good said lo these are Aristotles quiddities to argue pro cōtra but this wil not saue you from punishment if I find that you haue done these men wronge In fine they report that Cassander tooke such an inward feare conceit vpon it that long time after when he was king of MACEDON and had all GRAECE at his commaundement going vp and downe the citie of DELPHES and beholding the monuments and images that are there he found one of Alexander which put him into such a sodaine feare that the heares of his head stoode vpright and his body quaked in such sort that it was a great time before he could come to him selfe againe Nowe after that Alexander had left his trust and confidence in the goddes his minde was so troubled and affraide that no straunge thinge happened vnto him how litle so euer it was but he tooke it straight for a signe and prediction from the godds so that his tent was alwayes full of Priestes and Soothsayers that did nothing but sacrifice and purifie and tende vnto diuinements So horrible a thing is the mistrust and contempt of the godds when it is begotten in the harts of men and supersticion also so dreadfull that it filleth the gilty consciences and fearefull hartes like water distilling from aboue as at that time it filled Alexander with all folly after that feare had once possessed him This notwithstāding after that he had receiued some aunswers touching Hephaestion from the oracle of Iupiter Hammon he left his sorow and returned again to his bankets and feasting For he did sumptuously feast Nearchus and one day when he came out of his bathe according to his manner beeing ready to goe to bed Medius one of his Capteines besought him to come to a banket to him at his lodging Alexander went thither and dranke there all that night and the next day so that he got an agew by it But that came not as some write by drinking vppe Hercules cuppe all at a drawght neither for the sodaine paine he felt betweene his showlders as if he had beene thrust into the backe with a speare For all these were thought to be written by some for lyes and fables bicause they would haue made the ende of this great tragedie lamentable and pitifull But Aristobulus writeth that he had such an extreame feuer and thirst withall that he dranke wine after that fel a rauing at the lēgth dyed the thirtie day of the month of Iune In his houshold booke of things passed dayly it is written that his feuer beeing apon him he slept in his hottehouse on the eyghtenth day of Iune The next morning after he was come out of his hottehouse he went into his chamber and passed away all that daye with Medius playing at dyce and at nyght very late after he had bathed him selfe and sacrificed vnto the goddes he fell to meate and had his feuer that nyght And the twenty daye also bathing him selfe againe and making his ordinary sacrifice to the goddes he did sitte downe to eate within his stooue harkening vnto Nearobus that tolde him straunge thinges he had seene in the great sea Oceanum The one and twenty day also hauing done the like as before he was much more inflamed then he had bene felt him selfe very ill all night and the next day following in a great feuer and on that day he made his bed to be remoued and to be set vppe by the fish pondes where he commoned with his capteines touching certaine roomes that were void in his armie and commaunded them not to place any men that were not of good experience The three and twenty day hauing an extreame feuer vpon him he was caried vnto the sacrifices and commaunded that his chiefest Capteines onely should remaine in his lodging and that the other meaner sort as centiniers or Lieuetenants of bands that they should watch ward without The foure and twenty day he was caried vnto the other pallace of the kings which is on thother side of the lake where he slept a litle but the feuer neuer left him when his Capteines noble men came to doe him humble reuerence to see him he lay speechles So did he the fiue and twenty day also insomuch as the MACEDONIANS thought he was dead Then they came knocked at the pallace gate cried out vnto his friendes and familiers and threatned them so that they were compelled to open them
the gate Thereuppon the gates were opened they comming in their gownes went vnto his bed side to see him That selfe day Python Seleucus were appointed by the kings friends to go to the temple of the god Serapis to knowe if they should bringe king Alexander thither The god aunswered them that they should not remoue him from thence The eight and twenty day at night Alexander dyed Thus it is written word for word in manner in the houshold booke of remembrance At that present tyme there was no suspition that he was poysoned Yet they say that six yeares after there appeared some proofe that he was poisoned Whereupon his mother Olympias put many men to death and cast the ashes of Iolas into the wind that was dead before for that it was said he gaue him poyson in his drinke They that thinke it was Aristotle that counselled Antipater to do it by whose meane the poyson was brought they say that Agnothemis reporred it hauing heard it of king Antigonus owne mouth The poyson as some say was cold as Ise and falleth from a rocke in the territory of the citie of NONACRIS it is gathered as they would gather a deawe into the horne of the foote of an asse for there is no other kinde of thinge that wil keepe it it is so extreme cold percing Others defend it say that the report of his poysoning is vntrue for proofe therof they alleage this reason which is of no smal importance that is That the chiefest Capteines fel at great variance after his death so that the corps of Alexander remained many dayes naked without buriall in a whot dry contry yet there neuer appeared any signe or token apon his body that he was poysoned but was still a cleane and faire corps as could be Alexander left Roxane great with childe for the which the MACEDONIANS did her great honor but she did malice Statira extreamely did finely deceiue her by a counterfeat letter she sent as if it had comen from Alexander willing her to come vnto him But when she was come Roxane killed her and her sister and then threw their bodies into a well and filled it vp with earth by Perdiccas helpe and consent Perdiccas came to be king immediatly after Alexanders death by meanes of Aridaeus whom he kept about him for his gard and safety This Aridaeus beeing borne of a common strumpet and common woman called Philinna was halfe lunaticke not by nature nor by chaunce but as it is reported put out of his wits when he was a young towardly boy by drinkes which Olympias caused to be geuen him and thereby continued franticke The end of Alexanders life THE LIFE OF Iulius Caesar. AT what time Sylla was made Lord of all he would haue had Caesar put away his wife Cornelia the daughter of Cinna Dictator but when he saw he could neither with any promise nor threate bring him to it he tooke her ioynter away from him The cause of Caesars ill will vnto Sylla was by meanes of mariage for Marius thelder maried his fathers own sister by whom he had Marius the younger whereby Caesar he were cosin germaines Sylla being troubled in waightie matters putting to death so many of his enemies when he came to be cōqueror he made no reckoning of Caesar but he was not contented to be hidden in safety but came and made sute vnto the people for the Priesthoodshippe that was voyde when he had scant any heare on his face Howbeit he was repulsed by Syllaes meanes that secretly was against him Who when he was determined to haue killed him some of his frendes told him that it was to no purpose to put so young a boy as he to death But Sylla told them againe that they did not consider that there were many Marians in that young boy Caesar vnderstanding that stale out of ROME and hidde him selfe a long time in the contrie of the SABINES wandring still from place to place But one day being caried from house to house he fell into the handes of Syllaes souldiers who searched all those places and tooke them whom they found hidden Caesar bribed the Captaine whose name was Cornelius with two talentes which he gaue him After he had escaped them thus he went vnto the sea side and tooke shippe and sailed into BITHYNIA to goe vnto king Nicomedes When he had bene with him a while he tooke sea againe and was taken by pyrates about the I le of PHARMACVSA for those pyrates kept all vppon that sea coast with a great fleete of shippes and botes They asking him at the first twentie talentes for his ransome Caesar laughed them to scorne as though they knew not what a man they had taken of him selfe promised them fiftie talents Then he sent his men vp and downe to get him this money so that he was left in maner alone among these theeues of the CILICIANS which are the cruellest butchers in the world with one of his frends and two of his slaues only and yet he made so litle reckoning of them that when he was desirous to sleepe he sent vnto them to commaunde them to make no noyse Thus was he eight and thirtie dayes among them not kept as prisoner but rather waited vppon by them as a Prince All this time he woulde boldly exercise him selfe in any sporte or pastime they would goe to And other while also he woulde wryte verses and make orations and call them together to say them before them and if any of them seemed as though they had not vnderstoode him or passed not for them he called them blockeheades and brute beastes and laughing threatned them that he would hang them vp But they were as merie with the matter as could be and tooke all in good parte thinking that this his bold speach came through the simplicity of his youth So when his raunsome was come from the citie of MILETVM they being payed their money and he againe set at libertie he then presently armed and manned out certaine ships out of the hauen of MILETVM to follow those theeues whom he found yet riding at ancker in the same Iland So he tooke the most of them had the spoile of their goods but for their bodies he brought them into the city of PERGAMVM there committed thē to prison whilest he him selfe went to speake with Iunius who had the gouernment of ASIA as vnto whom the execution of these pirats did belong for that he was Praetor of that contrie But this Praetor hauing a great fancie to be fingering of the money bicause there was good store of it answered that he would consider of these prisoners at better leasure Caesar leauing Iunius there returned againe vnto PERGAMVM and there hung vp all these theeues openly vpon a crosse as he had oftentimes promised them in the I le he would doe when they thought he did but ieast
willing him to come in all possible speede to winne GRAECE and MACEDON which hong but of an old rotteÌ„ threde mocking Antipater in this maner Wherfore Cassander being aduertised of his arriual he made him presently to be apprehended setting his sonne hard by him slue him before his father so neere him that the blood of his sonne sprang vpon him so that the father was all bloodied with the murther of his sonne Then Cassander casting in Demades teeth his ingratitude and trecherous treason against his father geuing him all the reproachfull words he could deuise at the length he slue him with his owne hands Now Antipater before his death had established Polyperchon General of the armie of the MACEDONIANS Cassander his sonne only Colonell of a thowsand footemen He notwithstanding after his fathers decease taking vpon him the gouernment of the realme sent Nicanor with speede to succeede Menillus in the Captaineship of the garrison of ATHENS before his death should be reuealed commaunding him first in any case to take the castell of Munychia which he did Shortly after the ATHENIANS vnderstanding of the death of Antipater they accused Phocion for that he had knowen of his death long before and yet kept it secret to please Nicanor But Phocion regarded not this accusation but fell in acquaintance notwithstanding with Nicanor whom he handled so wisely that he made him not only freÌ„dly vnto the ATHENIANS but furthermore perswaded him to be at some charge to geue the people the pastime of common playes which he made to be done at his cost In the meane time Polyperchon who had the gouernment of the kings person meaning to geue Cassander stampant and blurt he sent letters pattentes vnto the people at ATHENS declaring how the king did restore vnto them their popular state againe and commanded that all the ATHENIANS should vse their former auncient lawes of their citie This was a wile craftie fetche against Phocion For Polyperchon deuising this practise to get the city of ATHENS into his hands as it fel out afterwards by proofe had no hope to obtaine his purpose vnles he found meanes first to banish Phocion and thought that he shoulde easily bring that to passe when suche as had before bene put of their freedom by his meanes should come againe to haue voyces in thassembly and that the seditious Orators and accusers might be turned at liberty againe to say what they would The ATHENIANS hauing heard the contentes of these letters pattentes beganne to be somewhat quickened and moued withall whereupon Nicanor desiring to speake with the ATHENIANS in their Senate which was assembled in the hauen of Piraea he went and hazarded his person amongest them apon Phocions faith and word Dercyllus Captaine for the king being secretly aduertised thereof and in the field not farre from the citie did what he could to take Nicanor but Nicanor hauing warning of it in time saued him selfe Then it appeared that Nicanor would presently be reuenged of the citie and they accused Phocion bicause he kept him not but did let him goe Whereunto he aunswered that he trusted Nicanors word and that he did not thinke he would offer the citie any hurt but if it should fall out otherwise he had rather the world should know that he had the wrong offred him then that he should offer any This truely appeared to be nobly spoken in respect of him selfe But considering that he being then Generall did thereby hazard the safety of his contrie I can not tell whether he did not breake a greater faith which he ought to haue had to the safetie of his contriemen Neither coulde he also alleage for his excuse that he did not laye handes on Nicanor for feare to bring the city into manifest warre but that for a colour he did preferre the faith which he had sworne and promised vnto him and the iustice that he would obserue in his behalfe that for his sake Nicanor should afterwards keepe him selfe in peace and doe no hurte to the ATHENIANS Howbeit in troth it seemed that nothing deceiued Phocion but by the ouer trust he had in this Nicanor The which seemeth to be so bicause when diuers came to him to complaine of Nicanor that he sought all the secret meanes he coulde to surprise the hauen of Piraea and that he dayly passed ouer souldiers in the I le of SALAâ—INA and practised to bribe certaine of the inhabitants within the precinct of the hauen he would neuer heare of it and muche lesse beleue it Furthermore when Philomedes LAMPRIAN made a motion that the ATHENIANS should prepare to be in readines to waite apon their Captaine Phocion to do as he commaunded them he made no account of it vntill he saw Nicanor come out with his souldiers from the fort of Munychia and that he beganne to cast trenches to compasse in the hauen of Piraea But then when Phocion thought to lead out the people to preuent him he fouÌ„d they mutined against him and no man would obey his commaundement In the meane time Alexander the sonne of Polyperchon came with an armie pretending to aide them of the citie against Nicanor where in deede he ment if he could to get the rest of the city into his 〈…〉 then specially when they were in greatest broile one against an other and the rather bicause the banished men entred hand ouer head with him and diuers straungers also and other defamed men so that there was a confused counsel and assembly of Omnigatherum kept within the citie without any order in the which Phocion was depriued of his office of Generall and others were also chosen Captained in his place And had they not seene this Alexander talking alone with Nicanor and returning many times hard to the walles of the citie which made the ATHENIANS affrayed and mistrustfull they had neuer saued it from taking At that time Phocion was presently accused of treason by the Orator Agnonides the which Callimedon and Pericles fearing got them out of the citie betimes And Phocion also with his frends that were not fled went vnto Polyperchon with whom also Solon PLATAEIAN and Dinarchus CORINTHIAN went for company who thought to haue found frendshippe and familiarity with Polyperchon Howbeit Dinarchus falling sicke by the way in the citie of ELATIA they stayed there many dayes hoping of his recouerie But in the meane time the people at the perswasion of the Orator Agnonides and at the request of Archestratus stablished a decree to sende Ambassadors vnto Polyperchon to accuse Phocion insomuch as both parties met at one selfe time and found him in the field with the king about a village of the contrie of PHOCIDE called PHARYGES standing at the foote of the mountaine Acrorion which they surname also Galaten There Polyperchon commaunded a cloth of gold to be set vp and caused the king to be set vnder the same and all his chiefest frendes about him But to beginne withall he
made Dinarchus to be taken and commaunded them to put him to death after they had racked him then he willed the ATHENIANS to tell what they had to say Then they beganne to quarrell and to be lowde one with an other accusing one an other in the presence of the king and his counsell vntill Agnonides at length stepped forth and sayd my Lordes of MACEDON put vs all in prison and then send vs bound handes and feete to ATHENS to geue accompt of our doinges The king laughed to heare him say so But the noble men of MACEDON that were present then and diuers straungers besides to heare their complaints made signe to the Ambassadors to vtter their accusations before the king rather then to referre them to the hearing of the people at ATHENS Howbeit both parties had not alike in different hearing for Polyperchon checked vp Phocion oftentimes and did still cut of his tale as he thought to purge him selfe insomuch as in anger he bet his staffe he had in his hand against the ground and commaunded him at length to hold his peace to get him thence And when Hegemon also told Polyperchon that he him selfe could best witnesse howe Phocion had alwayes faithfully serued and loued the people he angrily aunswered him come not hether to lye falsely vpon me in the presence of the king Therewith the king rose out of his seate and tooke a speare in his hand thinking to haue killed Hegemon had not Polyperchon sodainly embraced him behinde and stayed him So the counsell rose and brake vp but presently Phocion was apprehended and they that stoode by him Certaine of his frends seeing that which stoode further of muffeled their faces and straight conueyed them selues away The rest were sent prisoners to ATHENS by Clitus not so muche to haue their causes heard there as to haue them executed for condemned men Furthermore the manner of the carying of them to ATHENS was shamefull For they were caried vpon cartes through the great streete Ceramicum vnto the Theater where Clitus kept them vntill the Senate had assembled the people excepting no bondman no straunger nor defamed person out of this assemblie but left the Theater wide open to all comers in whatsoeuer they were and the pulpit for Orations free for euerie man that would speake against them So first of all the kings letters were read openly by the which he did aduertise the people that he had found these offendors conuicted of treason notwithstanding that he referred the sentence of their condemnation vnto them for that they were free men The Clitus brought his prisoners before the people where the noble men when they saw Phocion were ashamed and hiding their faces wept to see him Howbeit there was one that rose vp and sayd my Lordes sith the king referreth the iudgement of so great persons vnto the people it were great reason all the bondmen and straungers which are no free citizens of ATHENS should be taken out of this assembly The people would not agree to it but cried out that such traitors should be stoned to death that fauor the authoritie of a few and are enemies of the people whereupon silence was made and no man durst speake any more for Phocion Neuerthelesse when Phocion with muche a doe had obteyned audience he asked them my Lords will ye iustly or wrongfully put vs to death Some aunswered him iustly Howe then can ye doe it q he that will not heare our iustifications Yet coulde they not be heard for all this Then Phocion comming neerer sayd vnto them For my selfe my Lordes I confesse I haue done you wrong haue in gouernment committed faults deseruing death but for these prisoners with me what haue they done why you shoulde put them to death The common people aunswered him bicause they are thy frends With this aunswere Phocion departed and spake neuer a word more Then the Orator Agnonides holding a decree in his hand ready wrytten red it openly to the people declaring how they should be iudged by voyces whether the offendors had deserued death or not and if it were sound they had then that they should all be put to death And there were that when this decree was red cried out that they should adde further vnto the decree that before Phocion should be put to death they should first torment him therewithall commaundement was geuen that the wheele should besette vp to breake his ioints apon it and also that the hangman should be sent for But then Agnonides perceiuing that Clitus was offended with it and thinking besides it were too beastly and barbarous a parte to vse him in that sorte he sayd openly my Lordes when you shall haue such a varlet in your handes as Callimedon then you may cast him on the wheele but against Phocion I would not wish such cruelty Then rose vp a noble man among them and added to his words thou hast reason to say so Agnonides for if Phocion should be layed on the wheele what should we then doe with thee The decree being confirmed according to the contents thereof iudgement was geuen by voyces of the people no man sitting but all standing vp and most of them with garlandes on their heades for the ioy they had to condemne these prisoners to death With Phocion there were condemned Nicocles Thudippus Hegemon and Pythocles but Demetrius PHALERIAN Callimedon and Charicles were also in their absence condemned to dye Now when the assembly was broken vp and that the person condemned were caried backe to prison from thence to be conueyed to execution others imbracing their frends and taking their last leaue of them as they went wept and lamented their cursed fortune But Phocion looking as cheerefully of it as he was wont to doe being Generall when they honorably waited on him to his house from the assembly he made many of them pitie him in their harts to consider his constancie and noble corage On thother side also there were many of his enemies that came as neere vnto him as they could to reuile him amongst whom there was one that stepped before him and did spit in his face Then Phocion turning him vnto the Magistrates sayd will you not cause this impudent fellow to leaue his rayling When they were in prison Thudippus seeing the hemlocke which they brayed in a morter to geue them to drinke he beganne desperatly to curse and banne saying that they wrongfully put him to death with Phocion Why sayd Phocion againe and doost thou not rather reioyce to dye with me When one that stoode by asked Phocion if he would any thing to his sonne Phocus yes q he that I will bid him neuer reuenge the wrong the ATHENIANS do me Then Nicocles one of Phocions dearest frendes prayed him to let him drinke the poyson before him Phocion aunswered him thy request is grieuous to me Nicocles but bicause I neuer denyed thee any thing in my life I wil also graunt
party accused might haue a keeper or spiall to follow the accuser to see what he would accuse the party with that he might the better be able to defend him selfe knowing what should be obiected against him Muraena hauing one for him to waite vpon Cato to consider throughly what course he tooke when he saw that he went not maliciously to worke but tooke a plaine common way of a iust accuser â—he had so great confidence in Catoes vpright mind and integritie that not regarding the narrow sisting of him otherwise he did one day aske him him selfe in the market place or at home in his owne house if that day he were determined to prosecute any matter against him touching his accusation If Cato aunswered him that he did not then he went his way and simply beleued him When the day came in deed that his cause was to be heard and pleaded vnto Cicero being Consul that yere defending Muraena played so pleasantly with the STOICKE Philosophers and their straunge opinions that he made all the Iudges laughe insomuch as Cato him selfe smiling at him tolde them that were by him see we haue a pleasant Consul that makes men laugh thus So Muraena beeing discharged by this iudgement did neuer after malice Cato for that but so long as he remained Consul he was alwaies ruled by his counsel in all his affaires and continued euer to honor him following his counsell in all thinges touching his office Hereof Cato him selfe was cause who was neuer rough nor terrible but in matters of counsell and in his orations before the people for the maintenance onely of equitie and iustice for otherwse he was very ciuil curteous to al men But before he entred into his Tribuneship Cicero being yet Consul he did helpe him in many things touching his office but specially in bringing Catilins conspiracie to good ende which was a noble act done of him For Catilin did practise a generall commotion and sturre in the common wealth to ouerthrowe the whole state of ROME by ciuill discorde within ROME and open warres abroade who beeing discouered and ouercome by Cicero he was driuen in the ende to flie ROME But Lentulus Cethegus and many other of the accomplices of this conspiracie blamed Catiline for his faynt and cowardly proceeding in it For their partes they had determined to burne the whole citie of ROME and to put all the Empire thereof in vprore by straunge warres and rebellions of forreine nations and prouinces Howbeit this treason being discouered as appeareth more largely in the life of Cicero the matter was referred vnto the iudgement of the Senate to determine what was to bee done therein Syllanus beeing the first who was asked his opinion therein sayde that he thought it good they should suffer cruell paines and after him also all the rest said the like vntill it came to Caesar. Caesar being an excellent spoken man that rather desired to nourish then to quench any such sturres or seditions in the common wealth being fit for his purpose long determined oft made an oration full of sweete pleasant wordes declaring vnto them that to put such men as them to death without lawfull condemnation he thought it altogether vnreasonable and rather that they should doe better to keepe them in prison This oration of Caesar so altered all the rest of the Senators minds for that they were affraid of the people that Syllanus self mended his opinion againe and said that he ment not they should put them to death but keepe theÌ„ fast in prison bicause that to be a prisoner was the greatest paine a ROMANE Citizen could abide Thus the Senators minds being so sodainly chaunged bent to a more fauorable sentence Cato rising vp to say his opinion beganne very angrily with maruelous eloquence grieuously to reproue Syllanus for chaunging his mind sharply to take vp Caesar that vnder a populer semblance maske of sweete sugred words he sought vnder hand to destroy the common wealth and also to terrifie and make the Senate affraid where he him selfe should haue bene affraid and thinke him selfe happy if he could scape from beeing suspected giuing such apparant cause of suspicion as he did going about so openly to take the enemies and traytors of the common wealth out of the hands of iustice seming to haue no pitie nor compassion of his naturall citie of such nobilitie and fame being euen brought in maner to vtter destruction but rather to lament the fortune of these wicked men that it was pity they were euer borne whose death preserued ROME from a thowsand murthers mischiefs Of all the orations that euer Cato made that only was kept for Cicero the Consul that day had dispersed diuers penne men in sundry places of the Senate house which had maruelous swift hands and had further taught them how to make briefe notes and abridgements which in fewe lines shewed many words For vntill that time writers were not knowen that could by figures ciphers expresse a whole sentence and word as afterwards they could being then the first time that euer they were found out So Cato at that time preuailed against Caesar and made them all chaunge their mindes againe that these men were put to death But that we may not leaue out a ior of his maners as the very pattern and impression of his mind It is reported that when Cato that day was so whot and vehement against Caesar that all the Senate could but looke at them to heare them both a letter was deliuered Caesar sent him into the house Cato began presently to suspect it and so earnestly misliked of it that many of the Senators being offended commaunded his letter should be seene red openly Caesar thereupon reached his letter vnto Cato that sate not farre from him When Cato had red it and found that it was a loue letter which his sister Seruilia had written vnto Caesar whom she loued and had knowen he cast it againe to Caesar said there dronkard After that he went on againe with his matter which he had begon before In fine it seemeth that Cato was very vnfortunate in his wiues for this Seruilia as we haue sayd had an ill name by Caesar. And the other Seruilia also which was his sister was worse defamed For she being maried vnto Lucullus one of the greatest men of ROME by whoÌ„ she had a sonne was in the ende put away from him for her naughty life But worst of all his owne wife Attilia also was not altogether cleare without suspicion For though he had two sonnes by her yet he was driuen to be diuorced from her she was so naught and common After that he maried Martia the Daughter of Philip which by report seemed to be a very honest gentlewoman It is she that is so famous amonge the ROMANES For in the life of Cato this place as a fable or comedy is disputable and hard to be iudged
ouerthrowe of king Cleomenes so muche more lamentable For if he had delayed battell but two dayes lenger when the MACEDONIANS had bene gone he might haue made what peace he would with the ACHAIANS but for lacke of money he was driuen as Polybius wryteth to geue battell with twentie thowsande men against thirtie thowsande where he shewed him selfe an excellent and skilfull Captaine and where his citizens also fought like valliant men and the straungers in like case did shewe them selues good souldiers But his onely ouerthrowe was by the manner of his enemies weapons and the force of their battell of footemen But Phylarchus wryteth that treason was the cause of his ouerthrowe For Antigonus had appointed the ACARNANIANS and the ILLYRIANS which he had in his armie to steale vppon the winge of his enemies armie where Euclidas king Cleomenes brother was to compasse him in behinde whilest did sette the rest of his men in battell When Cleomenes was got vp vpon some hill to looke about him to see the countenaunce of the enemie and seeing none of the ACARNANIANS nor of the ILLYRIANS he was then affrayed of Antigonus that he went about some stratageame of warre Wherefore he called for Demoteles whose charge was to take heede of stratageames and secret ambushes and commaunded him to looke to the rerewarde of his armie and to be verie circumspect all about Demoteles that was bribed before as it is reported with money tolde him that all was cleere in the rerewarde and bad him looke to ouerthrowe his enemies before him Cleomenes trusting this reporte sette forward against Antigonus and in the ende his citizens of SPARTA which he had about him gaue suche a fierce charge apon the squadron of the MACEDONIAN footemen that they draue them backe fiue furlonges of But in the meane time Euclidas his brother in the other wing of his armie being compassed in behinde Cleomenes turning him backe and seeing the ouerthrowe cried out alowde alas good brother thou art but slaine yet thou dyest valliantlie and honestlie and thy death shall be a worthie example vnto all posteritie and shall be song by the praises of the women of SPARTA So Euclidas and his men being slaine the enemies came straight to sette vpon Cleomenes winge Cleomenes then seeing his men discouraged and that they durst no lenger resist the enemie fledde and saued him selfe Many of the straungers also that serued him were slaine at this battell and of sixe thowsande SPARTANS there were left aliue but onely two hundred Now Cleomenes being returned vnto SPARTA the citizens comming to see him he gaue them counsell to yeeld them selues vnto Antigonus the conqueror and for him selfe if either aliue or dead he could doe any thing for the honor and benefit of SPARTA that he would willingly doe it The women of the citie also comming vnto them that flying had escaped with him when he saw them vnarme the men and bring them drinke to refresh them with he also went home to his owne house Then a maide of the house which he had taken in the citie of MEGALIPOLIS and whom he had enterteined euer since the death of his wife came vnto him as her maner was to refresh him comming hot from the battell howbeit he would not drinke though he was extreame drie nor sit being verie wearie but armed as he was layed his arme a crosse apon a piller and leaning his head apon it reposed himselfe a litle and casting in his minde all the wayes that were to be thought of he tooke his frendes with him and went to the hauen of Gythium and there hauing his shippes which he had appointed for the purpose he hoysted sayle and departed his way Immediatly after his departure came Antigonus into the citie of SPARTA and curteously intreated the citizens and inhabitants he found and did offend no man nor prowdly despise the auncient honor and dignitie of SPARTA but referring them to their owne lawes and gouernment when he had sacrificed to the goddes for his victorie he departed from thence the thirde daye newes being brought him that the warre was verie great in MACEDON and that the barbarous people did spoyle his contrie Now a disease tooke him whereof he dyed afterwards which appeared a tisicke mixt with a sore catarre but yet he yeelded not to his disease and bare it out that fighting for his contrie and obteyning a famous victorie with great slaughter of the barbarous people he might yet dye honorably as in deede he did by Phylarchus testimonie who sayth that with the force of his voyce fiercely crying out in the middest of his fight he tare his lunges and lightes worse then they were before Yet in the schooles it is sayd that after he had wonne the battell he was so ioyfull of it that crying out O blessed day he brake out into a great bleeding at the mouth and a great feuer tooke him withall that he dyed of it Thus much touching Antigonus Now Cleomenes departing out of the Isle of CYTHERA went and cast ancker in an other Iland called AEGIALIA Then determining to saile ouer to the citie of CYRENA Therycion one of Cleomenes frendes a man that in warres shewed him selfe verie valliant but a boaster besides of his owne doinges tooke Cleomenes aside and sayd thus vnto him Truely O king we haue lost an honorable occasion to dye in battell though euery man hath heard vs vaunt and say that Antigonus should neuer ouercome the king of SPARTA aliue but dead A seconde occasion yet is offered vs to dye with much lesse honor and fame notwithstanding then the first Whether doe we saile to no purpose Why doe we flie the death at hand and seeke it so farre of If it be no shame nor dishonor for the posteritie race of Hercules to serue the successors of Philip and Alexander let vs saue then our labor and long daungerous sailing and goe yeelde our selues vnto Antigonus who in likelyhoode will better vse vs then Ptolomy bicause the MACEDONIANS are farre more nobler persons then the AEGYPTIANS And if we disdaine to be commaunded by them which haue ouercommen vs in battell why then will we make him Lord of vs that hath not ouercomen vs in steade of one to make vs inferior vnto both flying Antigonus and seruing king Ptolomy Can we say that we goe into AEGYPT in respect to see your mother there A ioyfull sight no doubt when she shall shew king Ptolomyes wiues her sonne that before was a king a prisoner fugitiue now Were it not better for vs that hauing yet LACONIA our contrie in sight and our swordes besides in our owne hands to deliuer vs from this great miserie so doing to excuse our selues vnto them that are slaine at SELASIA for defence of SPARTA then cowardly loosing our time in AEGYPT to inquire whom Antigonus left his Lieutenaunt and Gouernor in LACEDAEMON Therycion ending his oration Cleomenes aunswered him thus Doest thou
thinke it a glorie for thee to seeke death which is the easiest matter and the presentest vnto any man that can be and yet wretche that thou art thou fliest now more cowardly and shamefully then from the battell For diuers valliant men and farre better then our selues haue often yeelded vnto their enemies either by some misfortune or compelled by greater number and multitude of men but he say I that submitteth him selfe vnto paine and miserie reproache and praise of men he can not but confesse that he is ouercome by his owne vnhappinesse For when a man will willingly kill him selfe he must not doe it to be rid of paynes and labour but it must haue an honorable respect and action For to liue or dye for his owne respect that can not but be dishonorable the which now thou perswadest me vnto to make me flie this present miserie we are in without any honor or profitte in our death And therefore I am of opinion that we shoulde not yet cast of the hope we haue to serue our contrie in time to come but when all hope fayleth vs then we may easely make our selues awaye when we lift Thereunto Therycion gaue no aunswere but as soone as he founde oportunitie to slippe from Cleomenes he went to the sea side and slewe him selfe Cleomenes hoysinge sayle from the I le of AEGIALIA went into AFRICKE and was brought by the kinges seruauntes vnto the citie of ALEXANDRIA King Ptolomy at his first comming gaue Cleomenes no speciall good but indifferent intertainment but after that he had shewed him selfe to be of great wisedom and iudgement and that Ptolomy saw in the simplicity of his LACONIAN life he had also a noble disposition and corage nothing degenerating from the princely race blood of Hercules and that he yelded not to his aduersitie he tooke more delight in his company then in all the company of his flatterers and hangers on him and then repented him greatly that he had made no more account of him before but had suffered him to be ouerthrowne by Antigonus who through the victory of him had maruelously enlarged his honor and power Then he began to comfort Cleomenes and doing him as great honor as could be promised that he would send him with shippes and money into GRAECE and put him againe into his kingdom further gaue him an annuall pencion in the meane time of foure and twenty talents with the which he simply and soberly enterteyned him selfe and his men about him and bestowed all the rest apon his contry men that came out of GRAECE into AEGYPT But now old king Ptolomy deceasing before he could performe the promise he made vnto Cleomenes to send him into GRAECE the Realme falling then into great lasciuiousnes dronckennes and into the gouernment of women his case and miserie was cleane forgotten For the young king his sonne was so giuen ouer to women and wine that when he was most sober and in his best witts he most disposed him selfe to make feastes and sacrifices and to haue the taber playing in his Court to gather people together like a stage player or iugler whilest one Agathoclea his lemman and her mother and Oenanthes a bawde did rule all the affayres of the state But when he came to be king it appeared he had neede of Cleomenes bicause he was affraid of his brother Magas who by his mothers meanes was very wel esteemed of among souldiers Wherefore he called Cleomenes to him and made him of his priuy counsel where he deuised by practise which way to kill his brother All other his friends that were of counsell with him did counsell him to do it but Cleomenes onely vehemently disswaded him from it and tolde him that if it were possible rather moe brethren should be begotten vnto the king for the safetie of his person and for deuiding of the affayres of the kingdome betweene them Amongest the kinges familliers that was chiefest about him there was one Sosibius that said vnto Cleomenes so long as his brother Magas liued the souldiers that be straungers whom the king entertayned would neuer be true to him Cleomenes aunswered him for that matter there was no daunger for sayth he of those hiered straungers there are three thowsand PELOPONNESIANS which he knewe at the twinckling of an eye would be at his commaundement to come with their armor weapon where he would appoynt them These words of Cleomenes at that tyme shewed his fayth and good will he bare vnto the king and the force he was of besides But afterwards Ptolomyes fearefulnes increasing his mistrust as it commonly hapneth that they that lacke wit thinke it the best safetie to be fearefull of euery wagging of a strawe and to mistrust euery man the remembrance of Cleomenes wordes made him much suspected of the Courtiers vnderstanding that he could doe so much with the souldiers that were straungers insomuch as some of them sayd see meaning Cleomenes there is a lyon amongest sheepe In deede considering his facions and behauior they might well say so of him for he would looke thorough his fingers as though he saw nothing and yet saw all what they did In fine he required an armie ships of the king and vnderstanding also that Antigonus was dead and that the ACHAIANS and AETOLIANS were at great warres together and that the affaires of his contry did call him home all PELOPONNESVS being in armes and vprore he prayed that they would licence him to depart with his friends But neuer a man would giue eare vnto him and the king also heard nothing of it bicause he was continually entertained among Ladies with banckets dauncing maskes But Sosibius that ruled all the Realme thought that to keepe Cleomenes against his wil were a hard thing and also daungerous and to let him goe also knowing that he was a valiant man and of a sturring minde and one that knew the vices and imperfections of their gouernment he thought that also no safe way sithe no giftes nor presents that could be offered him could soften him For as the holy bull which they call in AEGYPT Apis that is sulfed in goodly pasture doth yet desire to followe his naturall course and libertie to runne and leape at his pleasure and plainely sheweth that it is a griefe to him to be kept stil by the Priest euen so the courtly pleasures did nothing delight Cleomenes but as Homer writeth of Achilles It irkt his noble hart to sit at home in slothfull rest VVhen martiall matters vvere in hand the vvhich he liked best Nowe Cleomenes standing in these tearmes there arriued in ALEXANDRIA one Nicagoras MESSENIAN who maliced Cleomenes in his hart but yet shewed as though he loued him This Nicagoras on a time had sold Cleomenes certein land but was not payed for it either bicause he had no present money or els by occasiō of the warres which gaue him no leasure to make payment Cleomenes one
the Ladies of the citie who were busy solemnly celebrating a secret sacrifice in the honor of the goddesse called of the ROMANES the good goddesse and of the GRAECIANS Gynacia to wit feminine vnto her this yearely sacrifice is done at the Consuls house by the wife or mother of the Consul then being the Vestal Nunnes being present at it Now Cicero being comeâ— into his neighbours house beganne to bethinke him what course he were best to take in this matter For to punish the offenders with seueritie according to their deserts he was afraid to doe it both bicause he was of a curteous nature as also for that he would not seeme to be glad to haue occasion to shew his absolute power and authoritie to punish as he might with rigour Citizens that were of the noblest houses of the citie that had besides many friends And contrariwise also being remisse in so waightie a matter as this he was affraid of the daunger that might ensue of their rashnes mistrusting that if he should punish them with lesse then death they would not amend for it imagining they were well rid of their trouble but would rather become more bold and desperate then euer they were adding moreouer the styng and spight of a newe malice vnto their accustomed wickednes besides that he him selfe should be thought a coward and tymerous man whereas they had already not much better opinion of him Cicero being perplexed thus with these doubts there appeared a miracle to the Ladies doing sacrifice at home in his house For the fire that was thought to be cleane out vpon the aulter where they had sacrificed there sodainely rose out of the imbers of the ryend or barkes which they had burnt a great flame which amased all the other Ladies Howbeit the Vestall NuÌ„nes willed Terential Ciceroes wife to go straight vnto her husband to bid him not to be affraid to execute that boldly which he had considered of for the benefit of the coÌ„mon wealth and that the goddesse had raised this great flame to shewe him that he should haue great honor by doing of it Terentia that was no timerous nor faint harted woman but very ambitious and furthermore had gotten more knowledge from her husband of the affayres of the state then otherwise she had acquainted him with her housewiuery in the house as Cicero him selfe reporteth she went to make report thereof vnto him and prayed him to doe execution of those men The like did Quintus Cicero his brother and also Publius Nigidius his friend and fellow student with him in Philosophie and whose counsell also Cicero followed much in the gouernment of the common wealth The next morning the matter being propounded to the arbitrement of the Senate how these malefactors should be punished Syllanus being asked his opinion first said that they should be put in prison and from thence to suffer execution Others likewise that followed him were all of that minde but Caius Caesar that afterwards came to be Dictator and was then but a young man and began to come forward but yet such a one as by his behauior and the hope he had tooke such a course that afterwards he brought the common wealth of ROME into an absolute Monarchie For at that time Cicero had vehement suspicions of Caesar but no apparant proofe to conuince him And some say that it was brought so neare as he was almost conuicted but yet saued him selfe Other write to the contrary that Cicero wittingly dissembled that he either heard or knew any signes which were told him against Caesar being affraid in deede of his friends and estimation For it was a cleere case that if they had accused Caesar with the rest he vndoubtedly had sooner saued all their liues then he should haue lost his owne Nowe when Caesar came to deliuer his opinion touching the punishment of these prisoners he stoode vp and sayde that he did not thinke it good to put them to death but to confiscate their goods and as for their persons that they should bestow them in prison some in one place some in another in such cities of ITALY as pleased Cicero best vntill the warre of Catilin were ended This sentence being very mild and the author thereof maruelous eloquent to make it good Cicero him self added thereunto a couterpease inclining vnto either of both the opinions partly allowing the first and partly also the opinion of Caesar. His friends thinking that Caesars opinion was the safest for Cicero bicause thereby he should deserue lesse blame for that he had not put the prisoners to death they followed rather the second Whereuppon Syllanus also recanted that he had spoken and expounded his opinion saying that when he spake they should be put to death he ment nothing so but thought the last punishment a Senator of ROME could haue was the prison But the first that contraried this opinion was Catulus Luctatius and after him Cato who with vehement wordes enforced Caesars suspition and furthermore filled all the Senate with wrath and corage so that euen vpon the instant it was decreed by most voyces that they should suffer death But Caesar stept vp again spake against the confiscation of their goods misliking that they should reiect the gentlest part of his opinion and that contrariwise they should sticke vnto the seâ—â—â—rest onely howbeit bicause the greatest number preuailed against him he called the Tribunes to ayde him to the ende they should withstand it but they would giue no eare vnto him Cicero thereupon yelding of him self did remit the confiscation of their goods and went with the Senate to fetche the prisoners who were not all in one house but euery Praetor had one of them So he went first to take C. Lentulus who was in the Mount Palatine and brought him through the holy streete and the market place accompanied with the chiefest men of the citie who compassed him round about and garded his person The people seeing that quaked and trembled for feare passed by and sayd neuer a word and specially the younge men who thought it had bene some solemne misterie for the health of their contry that was so accompanied with the chiefe Magistrate and the noble men of the citie with terror and feare So when he had passed through the market place and was come to the prison he deliuered Lentulus into the handes of the hangman and commaunded him to doe execution Afterwardes also Cethegus and then all the rest one after another whome he brought to the prison him selfe and caused them to be executed Furthermore seeing diuers of their accomplices in a trowpe together in the market place who knewe nothing what he had done and watched onely till night were come supposing then to take away their companions by force from the place where they were thinking they were yet aliue he turned vnto them and spake alowd they liued This is a phrase of speeche which the ROMANES vse sometyme
take bribes was reckoned no shame but to handle it discreetly he was the better thought of and beloued for it he shewed plainely that he regarded not money and gaue foorth many proofes of his curtesie and goodnes Furthermore Cicero being created Consul by name but Dictator in deede hauing absolute power and authoritie ouer all thinges to suppresse the rebellion and conspirators of Catiline he proued Platoes prophecie true which was That the cities are safe from daunger when the chiefe Magistrates and Gouernors by some good diuine fortune doe gouerne with wisedome and iustice Demosthenes was reproued for his corruption and selling of his eloquence bicause secretly he wrote one Oration for Phormio and an other in the selfe same matter for Apollodorus they being both aduersaries Further he was defamed also for receiuing money of the king of PERSIA and therewithall condemned for the money which he had taken of Harpalus And though some peraduenture woulde obiect that the reporters thereof which are many doe lye yet they can not possibly deny this that Demosthenes had no power to refraine from looking of the presentes which diuers kinges did offer him praying him to accept them in good parte for their sakes neither was that the part of a man that did take vsurie by trafficke on the sea the extreamest yet of all other In contrarie maner as we haue sayd before it is certeine that Cicero being Treasorer refused the gifts which the SICILIANS offered him there and the presentes also which the king of the CAPPADOCIANS offred him whilest he was Proconsul in CILICIA and those especially which his frendes pressed vpon him to take of them being a great summe of money when he went as a banished man out of ROME Furthermore the banishment of the one was infamous to him bicause by iudgement he was banished as a theefe The banishment of the other was for as honorable an acte as euer he did being banished for ridding his contrie of wicked men And therefore of Demosthenes there was no speeche after he was gone but for Cicero all the Senate chaunged their apparell into blacke and determined that they would passe no decree by their authoritie before Ciceroes banishment was reuoked by the people In deede Cicero idlely passed his time of banishment and did nothing all the while he was in MACEDON and one of the chiefest acts that Demosthenes did in all the time that he delt in the affaires of the common wealth was in his banishment For he went vnto euery city and did assist the Ambassadors of the GRAECIANS and refused the Ambassadors of the MACEDONIANS In the which he shewed him selfe a better citizen then either Themistocles or Alcibiades in their like fortune and exile So when he was called home and returned he fell againe to his old trade which he practised before and was euer against Antipater and the MACEDONIANS Where Laelius in open Senate sharply tooke vp Cicero for that he sate still and sayd nothing when that Octauius Caesar the young man made peticion against the law that he might sue for the Consulshippe and being so young that he had neuer a heare on his face And Brutus selfe also doth greatly reproue Cicero in his letters for that he had maintained and nourished a more grieuous and greater tyrannie then that which they had put downe And last of all me thinketh the death of Cicero most pitiefull to see an olde man caried vp and downe with tender loue of his seruauntes seeking all the waies that might be to flie death which did not long preuent his naturall course and in the ende olde as he was to see his head so pitiefully cut of Whereas Demosthenes though he yeelded a litle intreating him that came to take him yet for that he had prepared the poyson long before that he had kept it long and also vsed it as he did he can not but be maruelously commended for it For sith the god Neptune denyed him the benefit of his sanctuarie he betooke him to a greater and that was death whereby he saued him selfe out of the souldiers handes of the tyran and also scorned the bloody crueltie of Antipater THE LIFE OF Demetrius WHo first likened arts to our sences semeth to haue respected especially that one property of them both in receiuing obiects of contrary quality for in the vse end of their operacion there is great difference The senses receiue indifferently without discretion and iudgement white and blacke sweete and sower soft and hard for their office is only to admit their seuerall obiects and to carie and referre the iudgement thereof to the common sence But artes being the perfection of reason receiue and allow those things onely which make for their operacion regarding eschuing the contraries Thone chiefly and for vse thother by the way and with intent to auoyde them So Phisicke dealeth with diseases Musicke with discordes to thend to remoue them and worke their contraries and the great Ladies of all other artes Temperaunce iustice and wisdom doe not only consider honestie vprightnes and profit but examine withall the nature and effectes of lewdnes corruption and damage And innocencie which vaunteth her want of experience in vndue practises men call simplicitie and ignoraunce of thinges that be necessarie and good to be knowen And therefore the auncient LACEDAEMONIANS in their solemne feastes forced their ILOTES to boundmen to ouercharge them selues with wine and suche they shewed them vnto their youth by the apparant beastlines of dronken men to worke in them an abhorring of so lothesome vice Wherein although I can not much praise them for humanity or wisedom that corrupt and spoile one man by example of him to correct and reclaime an other yet as I hope it shall not be reprehended in me if amongest the rest I put in one or two paier of suche as liuing in great place accompt haue increased their fame with infamy Which in truth I doe not to please draw on the reader with variety of report but as Ismenias the THEBAN Musitian shewed his schollers both those that strake a cleane stroke with do so such as bungled it with do not so Antigenidas thought men should like better with greater desire cōtend for skill if they heard and discerned vntunable notes so thinke I we shall be the forwarder in reading following the good if we know the liues and see the deformity of the wicked This treaty conteineth the liues of Demetrius surnamed the Fortgainer M. Antony the Triumuir great examples to confirme the saying of Plato That from great minds both great vertues great vices do procede They were both giuen ouer to women wine both valliāt liberal both sumptuous high minded fortune serued them both alike not only in the course of their liues in attēpting great matters somtimes with good somtimes with ill successe in getting losing things of great consequence ouerthrowing
and gaue it vnto his friends commaunding them to depart and to seeke to saue them selues They aunswered him weeping that they would nether doe it nor yet forsake him Then Antonius very curteously and louingly did comfort them and prayed them to depart and wrote vnto Theophilus gouernor of CORINTHE that he would see them safe and helpe to hide them in some secret place vntil they had made their way and peace with Caesar. This Theophilus was the father of Hipparchus who was had in great estimation about Antonius He was the first of all his infranchised bondmen that reuolted from him and yelded vnto Caesar and afterwardes went and dwelt at CORINTHE And thus it stoode with Antonius Now for his armie by sea that fought before the head or foreland of ACTIVM they helde out a longe tyme and nothing troubled them more then a great boysterous wind that rose full in the prooes of their shippes and yet with much a doe his nauy was at length ouerthrowen fiue howers within night There were not slaine aboue fiue thowsand men but yet there were three hundred shippes taken as Octauius Caesar writeth him selfe in his commentaries Many plainely sawe Antonius flie and yet could hardly beleeue it that he that had nyneteene legions whole by lande and twelue thowsand horsemen vpon the sea side would so haue forsaken them and haue fled so cowardly as if he had not oftentimes proued both the one and the other fortune that he had not bene throughly acquainted with the diuers chaunges and fortunes of battells And yet his souldiers still wished for him and euer hoped that he would come by some meanes or other vnto them Furthermore they shewed them selues so valliant and faithfull vnto him that after they certainly knewe he was fled they kept them selues whole together seuen daies In the ende Canidius Antonius Lieuetenant flying by night and forsaking his campe when they saw them selues thus destitute of their heads and leaders they yelded themselues vnto the stronger This done Caesar sailed towards ATHENS and there made peace with the GRAECIANS and deuided the rest of the corne that was taken vp for Antonius army vnto the townes and cities of GRAECE the which had bene brought to extreme misery pouerty cleane without money slaues horse other beastes of cariage So that my grandfather Nicarchus tolde that all the Citizens of our citie of CHAERONEA not one excepted were driuen them selues to cary a certaine measure of corne on their shoulders to the sea side that lieth directly ouer against the I le of ANTICYRA yet were they driuen thether with whippes They caried it thus but once for the second tyme that they were charged againe to make the like cariage all the corne being ready to be caried newes came that Antonius had lost the battel so scaped our poore city For Antonius souldiers deputies fled immediatly the citizens deuided the corne amongst them Antonius being arriued in LIBYA he sent Cleopatra before into AEGYPT from the citie of PARAETONIVâ—â— he him selfe remained very solitary hauing onely two of his friends with him with whom he wandred vp down both of them orators the one Aristocrates a GRAECIAN the other Lucilius a ROMANE Of whom we haue written in an other place that at the battell where Brutus was ouerthrowen by the citie of PHILIPPES he came willingly put him self into the hands of those that followed Brutus saying that it was he bicause Brutus in the meane time might haue liberty to saue him selfe And afterwards bicause Antonius saued his life he still remained with him and was very faithfull and frendly vnto him till his death But when Antonius heard that he whom he had trusted with the gouernment of LIBYA and vnto whom he had geuen the charge of his armie there had yelded vnto Caesar he was so madde withall that he would haue slaine him selfe for anger had not his frendes about him withstoode him and kept him from it So he went vnto ALEXANDRIA and there found Cleopatra about a wonderfull enterprise and of great attempt Betwixt the redde sea and the sea betwene the landes that poynt vpon the coast of AEGYPT there is a litle peece of land that deuideth both the seas and separateth AFRICKE from ASIA the which straight is so narrow at the end where the two seas are narrowest that it is not aboue three hundred furlonges ouer Cleopatra went about to lift her shippes out of the one sea and to hale them ouer the straight into the other sea that when her shippes were come into this goulfe of ARABIA she might then carie all her gold siluer away and so with a great companie of men goe and dwell in some place about the Ocean sea farre from the sea Mediterranium to scape the daunger and bondage of this warre But now bicause the ARABIANS dwelling about the citie of PETRA did burne the first shippes that were brought alande and that Antonius thought that his armie by lande which he left at ACTIVM was yet whole she left of her enterprise and determined to keepe all the portes and passages of her realme Antonius he forsooke the citie and companie of his frendes and built him a house in the sea by the I le of PHAROS vpon certaine forced mountes which he caused to be cast into the sea and dwelt there as a man that banished him selfe from all mens companie saying that he would lead Timons life because he had the like wrong offered him that was affore offered vnto Timon and that for the vnthankefulnes of those he had done good vnto and whom he tooke to be his frendes he was angry with all men and would trust no man This Timon was a citizen of ATHENS that liued about the warre of PELOPONNESVS as appeareth by Plato and Aristophanes commedies in the which they mocked him calling him a vyper malicious man vnto mankind to shunne all other mens companies but the companie of young Alcibiades a bolde and insolent youth whom he woulde greatly feast and make much of and kissed him very gladly Apemantus wondering at it asked him the cause what he ment to make so muche of that young man alone and to hate all others Timon aunswered him I do it sayd he bicause I know that one day he shall do great mischiefe vnto the ATHENIANS This Timon sometimes would haue Apemantus in his companie bicause he was much like to his nature condicions and also followed him in maner of life On a time when they solemnly celebrated the feasts called Choae at ATHENS to wit the feasts of the dead where they make sprincklings and sacrifices for the dead and that they two then feasted together by them selues Apemantus said vnto the other O here is a trimme banket Timon Timon aunswered againe yea said he so thou wert not here It is reported of him also that this Timon on a time the people being
at thirdly for the loue he bare vnto his verie frend Arrius Thus did Caesar honor Arrius who craued pardon for him selfe and many others specially for Philostratus the eloquentest man of all the sophisters and Orators of his time for present and sodaine speech howbeit he falsly named him selfe an Academicke Philosopher Therefore Caesar that hated his nature condicions would not heare his surt Thereupon he let his gray beard grow long and followed Arrius steppe by steppe in a long mourning gowne still bussing in his eares this Greeke verse A vvise man it that he be vvise in deede May by a vvise man haue the better speede Caesar vnderstanding this not for the desire he had to deliuer Philostratus of his feare as to ridde Arrius of malice enuy that might haue fallen out against him he pardoned him Now touching Antonius sonnes Antyllus his eldest sonne by Fuluia was slaine bicause his schoole-maister Theodorus did betray him vnto the souldiers who strake of his head And the villaine tooke a pretious stone of great value from his necke the which he did sowe in his girdell and afterwards denied that he had it but it was founde about him and so Caesar trussed him vp for it For Cleopatraes children they were verie honorablie kept with their gouernors and traine that waited on them But for Caesarion who was sayd to be Iulius Ceasars sonne his mother Cleopatra had sent him vnto the INDIANS through AETHIOPIA with a great summe of money But one of his gouernors also called Rhodon euen such an other as Theodorus perswaded him to returne into his contrie told him that Caesar sent for him to geue him his mothers kingdom So as Caesar was determining with him selfe what he should doe Arrius sayd vnto him Too Many Caesars is not good Alluding vnto a certaine verse of Homer that sayth Too Many Lords doth not vvell Therefore Caesar did put Caesarion to death after the death of his mother Cleopatra Many Princes great kings and Captaines did craue Antonius body of Octauius Caesar to giue him honorable burial but Caesar would neuer take it from Cleopatra who did sumptuously and royally burie him with her owne handes whom Caesar suffred to take as much as she would to bestow vpon his funeralls Now was she altogether ouercome with sorow passion of minde for she had knocked her brest so pitiefully that she had martired it and in diuers places had raised vlsers and inflamacions so that she fell into a feuer withal whereof she was very glad hoping thereby to haue good colour to absteine from meate and that so she might haue dyed easely without any trouble She had a Phisition called Olympus whom she made priuie of her intent to th end he shoulde helpe her to ridde her out of her life as Olympus wryteth him selfe who wrote a booke of all these thinges But Caesar mistrusted the matter by many coniectures he had and therefore did put her in feare threatned her to put her children to shameful death With these threats Cleopatra for feare yelded straight as she would haue yelded vnto strokes and afterwards suffred her selfe to be cured and dicted as they listed Shortly after Caesar came him selfe in person to see her and to comfort her Cleopatra being layed vpon a litle low bed in poore estate when she sawe Caesar come into her chamber she sodainly rose vp naked in her smocke and fell downe at his feete maruelously disfigured both for that she had plucked her heare from her head as also for that she had martired all her face with her nailes and besides her voyce was small and trembling her eyes sonke into her heade with continuall blubbering and moreouer they might see the most parte of her stomake torne in sunder To be short her bodie was not much better then her minde yet her good grace and comelynes and the force of her beawtie was not altogether defaced But notwithstanding this ougly and pitiefull state of hers yet she showed her selfe within by her outward lookes and countenance When Caesar had made her lye downe againe and sate by her beddes side Cleopatra began to cleere and excuse her selfe for that she had done laying all to the feare she had of Antonius Caesar in contrarie maner reproued her in euery poynt Then she sodainly altered her speache and prayed him to pardon her as though she were affrayed to dye desirous to liue At length she gaue him a breese and memoriall of all the readie money treasure she had But by chaunce there stootle Seleucus by one of her Treasorers who to seeme a good seruant came straight to Caesar to disproue Cleopatra that she had not set in al but kept many things back of purpose Cleopatra was in such a rage with him that she flew vpon him and tooke him by the heare of the head and boxed him wellfauoredly Caesar fell a laughing and parted the fray Alas said she O Caesar is not this a great shame and reproche that thou hauing vouchesaued to take the peines to come vnto me and hast done me this honor poore wretche and caitife creature brought into this pitiefull miserable estate and that mine owne seruaunts should come now to accuse me though it may be I haue reserued some iuells trifles meete for women but not for me poore soule to set out my selfe withall but meaning to geue some pretie presents gifts vnto Octauia and Liuia that they making meanes intercession for me to thee thou mightest yet extend thy fauor and mercie vpon me Caesar was glad to heare her say so perswading him selfe thereby that she had yet a desire to saue her life So he made her answere that he did not only geue her that to dispose of at her pleasure which she had kept backe but further promised to vse her more honorably and bountifully then she would thinke for and so he tooke his leaue of her supposing he had deceiued her but in deede he was deceiued him selfe There was a young gentleman Cornelius Dolabella that was one of Caesars very great familiars besides did beare no euil will vnto Cleopatra He sent her word secretly as she had requested him that Caesar determined to take his iorney through SVRIA that within three dayes he would sende her away before with her children When this was tolde Cleopatra she requested Caesar that it would please him to suffer her to offer the last oblations of the dead vnto the soule of Antonius This being graunted her she was caried to the place where his tombe was there falling downe on her knees imbracing the tombe with her women the teares running downe her cheekes she began to speake in this sorte O my deare Lord Antonius not long sithence I buried thee here being a free woman and now I offer vnto thee the funerall sprinklinges and oblations being a captiue and prisoner and
kill him a thing so damnable wicked and cruell of it selfe that he hardlie deserued to haue bene pardoned though he had killed Cicero to haue saued his Vncles life Nowe where they falsefied and brake their othes the one making Artabazus prisoner and the other killing of Alexander Antonius out of doubt had best cause and iustest colour For Artabazus had betrayed him and forsaken him in MEDIA But Demetrius as diuers doe reporte deuised a false matter to accuse Alexander to cloke the murther he had committed and some thinke he did accuse him to whom he him selfe had done iniurie vnto and was not reuenged of him that woulde doe him iniurie Furthermore Demetrius him selfe did many noble feates in warre as we haue recited of him before and contrarilie Antonius when he was not there in person wanne many famous and great victories by his Lieutenauntes and they were both ouerthrowen being personallie in battell but yet not both after one sorte For the one was forsaken of his men being MACEDONIANS and the other contrarily forsooke his that were ROMANES for he fled left them that ventred their liues for his honor So that the fault the one did was that he made them his enemies that fought for him and the fault in the other that he so beastlie left them that loued him best and were most faithfull to him And for their deathes a man can not praise the one not the other but yet Demetrius death the more reproachefull For he suffered him selfe to be taken prisoner and when he was sent away to be kept in a straunge place he had the hart to liue yet three yeare longer to serue his mouth and bellie as brute beastes doe Antonius on the other side slue him selfe to confesse a troth cowardly and miserably to his great paine and griefe and yet was it before his bodie came into his enemies hands THE LIFE OF Artaxerxes ARtaxerxes the first of this name of all the kinges of PERSIA a noble and curteous Prince as any of all his house was surnamed long hand bicause his right hand was longer then his left and he was the sonne of king Xerxes But the seconde whose life we presentlie intend to wryte was surnamed Mnemon as muche to say great memorie and he was the sonne of the daughter of the first Artaxerxes For king Darius and his wife Parysatis had foure sonnes of the which the eldest was this Artaxerxes the seconde Cyrus and two other younger Ostanes and Oxathres Cyrus from the beginning bare the name of the former auncient Cyrus which in the PERSIAN tongue signifieth the sunne But Artaxerxes was called before Arsicas although Dinon wryteth that he was called Oarses Howebeit it is vnlikelie that Ctesias although his bookes otherwise be full of fables and as vntrue as they are founde should forget the name of the Prince with whom he dwelt whom he serued and continuallie followed both him his wife and children Cyrus from his cradell was of a hotte sturring minde and Artaxerxes in contrarie manner more mylde and gentle in all his actions and doinges He was maried to a verie fayer Ladie by his father and mothers commaundement afterwards kept her against their wills being forbidden by them For king Darius his father hauing put his sonnes wiues brother to death he woulde also haue put her to death but her husband with teares made suche humble sute to his mother for her that with muche a doe he did not onely gette pardon for her life but graunt also that she shoulde not be put from him This notwithstanding his mother alwayes loued Cyrus better then him and praied that he might be king after his fathers death Wherefore Cyrus being in his prouinces of ASIA by the sea side when he was sent for to come to the Court at what time his father lay sicke of the disease he dyed he went thither in good hope his mother had preuailed with his father that in his will he would make him his heire of the realme of PERSIA For his mother Parysatis alleaged a matter very probable and the which in old time did helpe king Xerxes in the like case through Demaratus counsell She said that Arsicas was borne before her husband Darius was king Cyrus after he was crowned king All this could not preuaile For her eldest sonne Arsicas surnamed Artaxerxes was assigned king of PERSIA Cyrus gouernor of LYDIA and the kings Lieutenant generall of all the low contries of ASIA toward the sea side Shortly after king Darius death the new king Artaxerxes went vnto Pasargades there to be consecrated and annoynted king by the Priestes of the contrie of PERSIA The place of this Pasargades is a temple dedicated vnto Minerus the goddesse of battells as I take it where the newe king must be consecrated and when he commeth into the temple he putteth of his gowne and putteth on that which the old auncient Cyrus ware before he was king Furthermore he must eate of a certaine tart or fricacie made of figges with turpentine and then he must drinke a drinke made with vineger and milke There are also certeine other secret ceremonies which they must keepe and none doe know but the verie Priestes them selues Now Artaxerxes being readie to enter into all these ceremonies Tisaphernes came vnto him brought him one of the Priestes that had bene Cyrus schoolemaister in his youth and had taught him magicke who by reason shoulde haue bene more offended then any man else for that he was not appointed king And this was the cause why they beleued him the better when he accused Cyrus For he layd that Cyrus had conspired treason against the king his brothers owne person that he ment traiterously to kill him in the temple when he should put of his gowne Some doe reporte that Cyrus was apprehended vpon this simple accusacion by word of mouth Others write also that Cyrus came into the temple and hiding him selfe he was taken with the maner and bewraied by the priest So as he going to suffer death his mother tooke Cyrus in her armes and wounde the heare of her heade about his necke and tyed him straightly to her and withall she wept so bitterly and made suche pitiefull mone vnto the king her sonne that through her intercession the king graunted him his life sent him againe into his contrie and gouernment But this satisfied not Cyrus neither did he so muche remember the king his brothers fauor vnto him in graunting him his life as he did the despite he had offred him to be made prisoner Insomuch that for this grudge and euill will he euer after had a greater desire then before to be king Some wryters alleage that he entred into actuall rebellion against his brother by force of armes bicause he had not sufficient reuenue to defray the ordinary expence of his house howbeit it is a meere folly to say so For though he had
vnfortunate CARIAN fondely fell into a foolish vaine common vnto men For the sodeine ioy he felt as it seemeth to see such a goodly riche present before him as the king sent him made him so forget him selfe that he began to aspyre and to pretend greater things then became his state and calling And therefore he would not take the kings gifte as in respecte that he had brought him worde of Cyrus death but began to storme and to rage calling the gods to witnesse that it was he onely and none other that slue Cyrus and that they did him great wronge to take this honor from him The king beeing told of it tooke it so angrily that he presently commaunded them to strike of his head But Parysatis the Queene mother beeing present when the king gaue this commaundement she prayed him not to put him to death in that sort for the Villain sayd she let me alone I will chastise him well enough for his presumption and rashe speeche The king was contended she should haue him Thereuppon she sent the Sergeaunts to take this cursed CARIAN and made him be hanged vpon a gybbet ten dayes together and at the tenne dayes end caused his eyes to be pulled out of his head and last of all poored molten mettell into his eares and so killed the Villaine with this kinde of torment Mithridates also shortly after died miserably by a like sollye He was bidden to supper at a feast whether came also the king and Queene mothers Euenukes and when they came Mithridates sate downe at the bord in the kings golden gowne he gaue him When they had supped and that they beganne to drinke one to another one of Parysatis Euenukes sayd vnto Mithridates the king hath in deede giuen thee a goodly gowne Mithridates and goodly chaynes and carcanets of gold and so is the sword very riche and good he gaue thee so that when thou hast that by thy side there is no man I warrant thee but will thinke thee a happy man Mithridates then the wine fuming into his brayne aunswered straight what meanest thou by that Sparamixes I deserued a better then this when the battell was sought Then Sparamixes langhing on him aunswered I do not speak it for any hurt or euil wil I beare thee Mithridates but to speake franckly among our selues bicause the GRAECIANS haue a common prouerbe that wine telleth true I pray thee tell me what valliant acte was it to take vp a capparison of a horse that fell on the ground and to cary it to the king which the Euenuke spitefully put forth vnto him not that he was ignorant who did it but to prouoke him to speake and to put him in a rage knowing that he was a hasty man of nature could not kepe his tongue least of all when he had droncke so wel as he had done and so it fell out in deede For Mithridates could not byte it in but replyed straight you may talke as long as you lyft of the capparison of a horse such trash but I tell you plainly that Cyrus was slayne with myne owne hands and with no mans els For I hit him not in vaine as Artagerses did but full in the forehead hard by his eye and strake him through and through his head againe and so ouerthrewe him of which blow he dyed He had no soner spoken those words but the rest that were at the bord cast down their eyes foreseeing the death of this pore vnfortunat Mithridates But then the master of the feast began to speake and sayd vnto him friend Mithridates I pray thee let vs drincke and be mery and reuerence and thanke the good fortune of our king and for the rest let this talke goe it is too highe for vs When the Euenuke went from thence he tolde Parysatis the Queene mother what Mithridates had sayd before them all and she went and told the king of it Who was maruelously offended withall to be so belyed and to lose the thing that was most honorable and best pleased him in his victorie For it was his mind that all the world both GRAECIANS and barbarous people should certainly beleue that in the battell betwixt him and his brother he was hurt but yet that he slue Cyrus with his owne hand So the king cōmaunded that Mithridates should suffer the paines of death in botes the which is after this maner They take two botes made of purpose so euen that the one is nether broder nor longer then the other then lay the offender in one of thē vpon his back so couer him with the other do sow both botes together So that the parties feete hands head do come out at holes made of purpose for him the rest of his bodye is all hidden within Now they giue him meate as much as he will eate if he wil not eate they force him to it by thrusting alles in his eies then when he hath eaten they giue him hony to drinke mingled with milke they do not only powre it into his mouth but also all his face ouer turning him ful into the sunne so that his face is all couered ouer with flies furthermore being driuen to do his needes in that troughe of his excrements there ingender wormes that eate his body euen to the very priuities Then when they see the man is dead they take of the vppermost boate find all his flesh deuowred with vermine ingendring of him euen to his very intrals So when Mithridates had miserably languished in this manner seuenteene daies together at length he died in extreme torments Now Parysatis the Queene mother lacked no more to accomplish her wicked desire but Mesabates one of the kings Euenukes that had cut of Cyrus head and hand seing that he was very ware circūspect in his behauior that she could not take him at any aduauntage in the end she deuised a fine way to intrap him She had a maruelous wit amonge other things could play passingly wel at all games at dyce did many times play with the king her sonne before the warres after the warres also when he had made peace she did play at dyce with him as she had done before insomuch as she knew all his secret loue and furthered him to enioy it To be short she would neuer be out of his sight but as litle as she could would let his wife Statira haue as litle time with him as might be that she might gouerne and rule him as she would both bicause she hated her of all creatures liuing and also for that she would beare the greatest sway and credit about him When she saw the king one day at leysure not knowing how to passe the time away she inticed him to play a thowsand Darecks at dyce and was contented to lose them willingly and paied the thowsand Darecks downe seeming notwithstanding to be angry with her
the king referred him to be iudged by his peeres For the king him selfe would not be present to geue iudgement of him but deputed other in his place to accuse him howbeit he commaunded his secretaries to set downe in writing the opinion and sentence of euerie one of the Iudges and to bring it him In fine they all cast him and condemned him to dye Then the officers layed hold on him and brought him into a chamber of the prison where the hangman came with a raser in his hande with the which he vsed to cut mens throates so condemned to dye So the hangman comming into the chamber when he saw it was Darius he was affrayed and came out of the chamber againe his hart failing him and durst not lay handes vpon the person of the king But the Iudges that stoode without the chamber bad him goe and doe it vnlesse he would haue his owne throate cut So the hangman then came in and tooke Darius by the heare of the head and made him hold downe his head and so cut his necke with his raser he had in his other hand Others doe write that this sentence was geuen in the presence of king Artaxerxes selfe and that Darius seeing him selfe conuicted by manifest proofes brought in against him he fell downe at his fathers feete and besought him to pardon him and then that his father being angrie rose vp and drew out his curtelax and wounded him in so many places withall that at lenght he slue him Then returning into the Court he worshipped the sunne and turning him to his Lords that were about him he sayd vnto them My Lordes God be with you and be merie at home in your houses and tell them that were not here how the great Oromazes hath taken reuenge of them that practised treason against me This was the end of Darius treason Now Darius being dead Ochus his brother stoode in good hope to be next heire to the crowne the rather through the meanes and frendshippe of his sister Atossa but yet of his legitimate brethren he feared him called Ariaspes who was onely left of all the rest that were legitimate and of his bastard brethren Arsames not bicause Ariaspes was elder than he but for that he was of a soft plaine nature the PERSIANS desired he might be their king On the other side Arsames was wise and valliant and Ochus sawe that his father loued him dearely So he determined to intrappe them both Now Ochus being a suttle and malicious natured man he first shewed his crueltie vpon Arsames and his malice vpon Ariaspes his legitimate brother For bicause he knewe he was but simple and plaine he sent dayly some of the kings Euenukes vnto him who brought him threatning words and messages as from the king telling him that he had determined to put him to a shamefull and cruell death So forging these newes continuallie as things verie secret they did so terrifie poore Ariaspes telling him that the king was fullie bent to put some of his threats in execution out of hand that he was put in such feare and dispaire of his life that he prepared him selfe apoyson and dranke it to ridde him selfe of his life King Artaxerxes vnderstanding of his death tooke it very heauily began to mistrust the cause that made him to make him selfe away howebeit he coulde not seeke the proofe of it for his extreame age But this chaunce made him loue Arsames better then before shewing plainly that he trusted him better then Ochus and did make him priuie to all things Ochus could no lenger abide to deserte his intent and therefore entised Harpaces Tiribazus sonne to kill his bastard brother Arsames the which he did Now Artaxerxes was so extreame olde that he was as good as done with age but after he heard his sonne Arsames was murdered he coulde beare it no lenger but tooke it so to his hart for sorow that when he had liued foure score and fouretene yeares and raigned three score and two he dyed When he was dead they then found that he had bene a gratious curteous Prince and one that loued his people and subiectes when they saw the proofe of his successor Ochus that passed all men liuing in crueltie and seuerity THE LIFE OF Dion LIke as Simonides ô Sossius Senecio saith that the city of ILIVN was not offended with the CORINTHIANS for that they came to make warre with them with other GRAECIANS bicause Glaucus whose first auncesters came from CORINTHE had taken armes louingly fought for the same euen so me thinkes that neither the GRAECIANS nor ROMANES haue cause to complaine of the Academy sith they be both alike praised of the same in this present booke in the which are conteined the liues of Dion and Brutus Of the which the one of them hauing bene verie familiar with Plato him selfe and the other from his childhoode brought vp in Platoes doctrine they both as it were came out of one selfe schoolehouse to attempt the greatest enterprises amongest men And it is no maruell if they two were muche like in many of their doinges prouing that true which their schoolemaister Plato wrote of vertue that to do any noble act in the gouernment of a common wealth which should be famous and of credit authoritie and good fortune must both meete in one selfe person ioined with iustice and wisedom For as a certaine fenser called Hippomachus said that he knewe his schollers farre of if he did but see them comming from the market with meate in their handes so it must needes follow that men hauing bene vertuously brought vp must nedes be wise in all their doings and beside that it bringeth them to ciuilitie and honesty euen so it frameth their condicions muche like one vnto an other Furthermore their fortunes hauing also fallen out both alike more by chaunce then by any reason do make their liues verie like to eache other For they were both of them slaine before they coulde bring their enterprises to passe which they had determined But the greatest wonder of all is this that their deathes were foreshewed vnto them both by a wicked spirit that visible appeared vnto either of them albeit there be some that can not abide those opinions and doe maintaine that these sights and euill spirits doe neuer appeare to any man that hath his right wits but that they are fancies of litle children or old women or of some men that their wits are weakened by sickenes and so haue a certaine imagination of suche straunge sightes being of this superstitious minde that they haue a wicked spirit and an euill angell in them But if Dion and Brutus both of them graue and learned Philosophers and verie constant men not ouercome by any sodaine passion or imagination of minde haue bene moued by such sights and spirits and haue also tolde it vnto their frendes I can not tell whether we shall inforced to
So when he had thus openly shewed him selfe an enemy vnto Dion he came no more that daye into the market place but the next morning he was seene ronning vp and downe the citie naked his head and face all of a gore bloud as if he had bene followed by men to haue slayne him Thus Sosis comming in this manner into the middest of the market place cryed out that Dions straungers had lyen in wayte for him and had handled him in this sort shewing his wound on his head Many of the people tooke this matter very grieuously and cried out vpon Dion and sayd it was vilely and tyrannically done of him by feare of murther and daunger to take away the libertie from the Citizens to speake Nowe though the whole assembly hereuppon fell into an vprore withall Dion notwithstanding came thither to cleare him selfe of these accusations and made them presently see that this Sosis was brother to one of Dionysius gard who had put into his head in this sort to put the citie of SYRACVSA in an vprore bicause Dionysius had no other hope nor meanes to escape but by stirring vp faction and sedition amonge them to make one of them fall out with another The Surgions were sent for forthwith to searche the wounde of this Sosis who founde that it was rather a litle scratche then any violent wound giuen him For the woundes or cuts of a sword are euer deepest in the middest and Sosis cut was but very litle and not deepe hauing had many beginnings and giuen him as it seemed at sundry times that for very paine the party that cut him was driuen to leaue of so came to cut him at diuers times Furthermore there came certaine of his friends in the meane time that brought a raser before the assembly and reported that as they came they met Sosis by the way all bloudied who sayd that he fled from Dions souldiers which had but newly hurt him Whereuppon they presently followed them but found no man and onely they saw a raser which some bodye had cast vpon a hollow stone thereabout where they first saw him comming vnto them Thus Sosis deuise had but euill successe For beside all these proofes and tokens Dions houshold seruaunts came to be a witnes against him that very earely in the morning he went abroad alone with a raser in his hand Then they that before did burden and accuse Dion knewe not what to say the matter but shroncke away whereuppon the people condēning Sosis to death they were quiet againe with Dion Yet were they alwaies affraid of these souldiers that were straungers specially when they saw the greatest conflicts they had with the tyranne was by sea after that Philistus was come from the coast of APVGLIA with a great number of gallies to ayde the tyranne For then they thought that these souldiers the straungers being armed at all partes to fight by land they would do them no more seruice by sea bicause the Citizens them selues were they that kept them in safetie for that they were men practised to fight by sea and were also the stronger by meanes of their ships But beside all this the onely thing that made them to be coragious again was the good fortune they had at the battel by sea in the which when they had ouercome Philistus they cruelly and barbarously vsed him Truely Ephorus saith that Philistus slue him selfe when he sawe his galley taken Howbeit Timonides who was alway with Dion from the first beginning of this warre writing vnto Speusippus the Philosopher saith that Philistus was taken aliue bicause his galley ranne a land and that the SYRACVSANS first tooke of his curaces and stripped him naked and after they had done him all the villanie and spight they could they cut of his head and gaue his body vnto boyes commaunding them to dragge it into that part of the citie called ACRADINE and then to cast it into the common priuie Timaus also to spight him the more sayth that the boyes tyed the deade bodye by his lame legge and so dragged him vp and downe the citie where all the SYRACVSANS did what villanie to it they could being glad to see him dragged by the legge that had sayd Dionysius should not flie from the tyranny vpon a light horse but that they should pull him out by the legge against his will. Now Philistus reporteth this matter thus not as spoken to Dionysius by him selfe but by some other But Timaus taking a iust occasion and culler to speake euil of the good will fidelitie and care that Philistus had alwayes seemed to shew in the confirmation defence of the tyrannie doth liberally bestow iniutious wordes on him in this place Nowe for them whome he had in deede offended if they of malice and spight to be reuenged did offer him crueltie peraduenture they were not much to be blamed but for them that since his death haue written the ieasts who were neuer offended by him in his life time and who ought to shewe them selues discreete in their writing me thinkes that if they had regarded their owne credit and estimation they should not so fondly and outragiously haue reproued the aduersities and misfortunes which by fortune may as well chaunce to the honestest man as vnto him Thus fondely doth Ephorus prayse Philistus who though he haue an excellent fine wit to counterfeate goodly excuses and cunningly to hide wicked and dishonest partes and eloquently to deuise by honest words to defend an euill cause yet can not he with all the fiue wits he hath excuse him self that he hath not bene the onely man of the world that hath most fauored tyrannes and that hath euer loued and specially desired power wealth and alliance with tyrannes But he in my opinion taketh the right course of an Historiographer that nether doth commend Philistus doings nor yet casteth his aduersities in his teeth to his reproche After Philistus death Dionysius sent vnto Dion to make him an offer to deliuer him the castell armor munition and souldiers that were in it with money also to paye them for fiue monethes space For him selfe he prayed that he might be suffered to goe safely into ITALY and to lye there to take the pleasure of the frutes of the contry called GYARTA which was within the territorie of SYRACVSA and lyeth out from the sea towardes the mayne land Dion refused this offer and aunswered the Ambassadors that they must moue the SYRACVSANS in it They supposing they should easily take Dionysius aliue would not heare the Ambassadors speake but turned them away Dionysius seeing no other remedie left the castell in the handes of his eldest sonne Apollocrates and hauing a lusty gale of winde he secretly imbarked certaine of his men he loued best with the richest thinges he had and so hoysed sayle vnwares to Heraclides the Admirall of SYRACVSA The people were maruelously offended with Heraclides for it and beganne to mutine
amongest such a heape of euills hauing but one onely ioy to haue a vertuous sonne he put him to death for spyte and malice that he saw the ROMANES honor him left his other sonne Persaeus successor of his realme who as it is reported was not his lawfull begotten sonne but taken for his sonne and borne of a taylors wife called Gnatheniuâ—â— It is that Persaeus whom Paulus AEmylius ouercame and led in triumphe in Rome and at him the race of the kings discended from Antigonus failed Where the issue and ofspring of Aratus cominueth yet vntill our time in the cities of SICYONE and PALLENA THE LIFE OF Galba IPhicrates the ATHENIAN Captaine sayd that a mercenarie souldier should be couetous a louer and voluptuous that to get wherewith to maintaine his pleasure he should be the vallianter and readier to put him selfe into any daunger But most men thinke that souldiers should be as one entere strong body that sturreth not of it selfe without the mouing of the general And to approue this opinion it is said that Paulus AEmylius ariuing in MACEDON and finding the souldiers full of words and curiositie euerie man meddling with the affaires of the General he made open proclamacion no man so hardy to medle with his office and affaires but euery man only to keepe his sword sharpe and to be quicke of hand against the enemy and for the rest to referre all to him who would take sufficient order for things of his charge and gouernment Therefore Plato that saith it litle preuaileth to haue a good and wise Captaine if the souldiers also be not wise and obedient thinking it as requisite for the vertue of obedience to haue men of a noble minde and good education as otherwise it is meere for a Captaine to know how to direct and commaunde well considering it is that which with lenity mildnes doth mitigate all fury and choller he hath diuers other examples and sufficient proofes to proue his words true and namely the great miseries and calamities which came to the ROMANES after the death of Nero do plainly shew that nothing is more daungerous nor dreadfull in an Empire then a great armie liuing licentiouslie and disorderly For Demades after the death of Alexander the great compared Alexanders armie vnto Cyclops Polyphemus after his eye was put out considering howe blindly and looselie they were gouerned Howebeit the Empire of ROME being deuided into sundrie factions at one selfe time and rising against it selfe in many places it fell into the like misfortunes and calamities sained of the Poets by the TITANS not so much through the ambiciousnes of the Emperours as by meanes of the couetousnes insolency of the souldiers who draue the Emperours out of their Imperiall seares one after an other as one naile driueth out an other And Dionysius also the tyranne of SYCILTA was wont to call Phetaus who had bene onely tyran of THESSALY tenne monethes space a tyran in a play deriding his so sodaine chaunge of state But the Imperiall house of the Caesars at ROME receiued foure Emperours in lesse then tenne monethes space the souldiers now putting in one and then taking out an other as if they had bene in a play on a scaffolde So that the ROMANES being thus grieuouslie oppressed had yet this comfort that they needed not to seeke to be reuenged of them that did oppresse them For they sawe one of them murther an other and him first and most iustlie of all other murthered that had first of all corrupted the souldiers in teaching them to make gaine of the chaunge of Emperours and so deprauing a worthie deede of it selfe which was their forsaking of Nero and mingling it with briberie made it plaine treason For Nymphidius Sabinus being Captaine of the Emperours gard which are called the Praetorian souldiers together with Tigellinus when he saw Nero in dispaire of him selfe of his estate that he was readie to flie into AEGYPT he perswaded the gard they shoulde call Galba Emperour as if Nero had not bene at ROME but fled and gone and promised euerie one seuen thowsande fiue hundred Drachmas a peece And to the rest of the souldiers that were dispersed vp and downe in garrison vpon the prouinces twelue hundred fifty Drachmas a man For the leauying of which summe they could not possiblie doe it but they must needes commit tenne thowsand times more extorcion to euery bodie then Nero had done This large promise made them presently put Nero to death and shortly after him Galba him selfe also For the souldiers forsooke Nero for the hope they had to receiue this promised gift and shortlie after they slewe the second which was Galba bicause they receiued not their gifts in time to their contentment Afterwards also in seeking who should still feede them with like gifts before could obtaine their wished hope one of them destroyed an other by treason and rebellion But nowe to set downe all thinges particularlie which hapned at that time it were to wryte one whole entere historie and therefore I will content my selfe not to passe ouer wih silence the notablest deedes and lamentable calamities which happened at that time vnto the Caesars It is manifestly knowen to all men that Sulpitius Galba of a priuate man was the richest and wealthiest that came to be in the number of the Caesars who though he came of a verie noble house deriuing him selfe from the race and family of the Seruij yet he was honored the more bicause he was a kinne vnto Quintus Catulus who for vertue and estimacion was one of the chiefest men of his time albeit that otherwise he willingly rezined his authoritie and power vnto others So Galba thereby was somwhat a kinne vnto Linia the wife of Augustus Caesar and therefore for her sake he came out of the Emperours pallace when he went to take possession of his Consulshippe Moreouer it is reported that when he had charge of the armie in GERMANIE he did valliantlie behaue him selfe And in the gouernment of LIBYA also where he was Viceconsul he did as honorablie behaue him selfe as any man whatsoeuer Howbeit his meane and simple ordinary of dyet voyde of all excesse was imputed misary niggardlines in him when he was proclaimed Emperour bicause the praise of sober temperate died which he would haue brought in vse was then so raw a thing that it was taken for a new straunge deuise He was sent Gouernor also into SPAYNE by Nero before he had learned to be astrayed of the citizens of great authority howbeit besides that he was of a curteous gentle nature his age moreouer increased the opinion they had of him that he was timerous and fearefull For when the wretched officers of Nero did cruelly vexe torment the prouinces and that it lay not in Galba any way to help them yet was it some comfort to them which were iudged sold as slaues
all the other Captaines and to bring him to a quiet and peaceable life in his age Furthermore Ambassadors were sent from the Senate and met with Galba at NARBONA a citie of GAVLE where after they had presented their humble duetie they perswaded him to make all the haste he could possible to shew him selfe to the people of ROME who were maruelous desirous to see him Galba receiued them very graciously and curteously made them great chere howbeit very modestly notwithstanding For notwithstanding that Nymphidius had sent him diuers Officers and store of Neroes moueables yet he would neuer be serued with any of them at any feasts or bankets he made with other then his owne stuffe wherein he shewed his noble mind and how he could master all vanitie But Titus Iunius shortly after told Galba that this noble mind and ciuill moderation without pride or pompe was to lowly a manner to flatter the people and that it was a certaine respect of honestie that knewe not it selfe and became not his greatnes and maiestie So he perswaded him to vse Neroes money stuffe and to be sumptuous and princely in his feasts without niggardlines To conclude the olde man Galba began plainely to shew that he would be ruled by Titus Iunius who aboue all other was extreame couetous and besides too much giuen to women For when he was a young man the first time he went to the warres vnder Caluisius SABINE he brought his Captaines wife which liked good felowshippe disguised like a souldier into the campe into his generalls tent which the ROMANES called Principia and there was somewhat bold with her Wherefore Caius Caesar committed him to prison but he escaped at his death Another time when he supped with Clodius Caesar he stale a siluer pot Clodius hearing of it bad him againe to supper the next night but he commaunded his men they should giue him drinke in an earthen cruse Thus this thest through Caesars pleasantnes seemed rather a matter of sport then of anger howbeit the faultes which he committed afterwards through extreame couetousnes of money at what time he ruled Galba and bare all the swaye about him gaue vnto some iust cause and vnto others apparant culler of tragicall mischieues and greeuous calamities For Nymphidius so soone as Gellianus was returned out of SPAYNE whome he had sent thither to see what Galba did he enforming him that Cornelius Lacon was Captaine of the gard and house of the Emperor and that Titus Iunius did all in all about him and that he could neuer be suffred to come neare Galba nor to speake with him a part bicause those which were about Galba did mistrust him euer had an eye to him to see what he did he was maruelously perplexed withall Thereuppon he called for all the Centurions Captaines and pety Captaines of the campe of the PRAETORIAN army and perswaded them that Galba touching his owne person was a good old and discreete man howbeit that he did not follow his owne adulse counsell but was ruled altogether by Iunius and Lacon who marred all and therefore that it were good before they came to be of greater power and to haue such great authoritie in maneging the affayres of the Empire as Tigellinus had before to send Ambassadors to the Emperor in the name of all the campe to tell him that in putting those two men from about him he should be the better welcome vnto ROME and to all men els besides The Captaines vtterly misliked this deuise For they thought it too straunge and beyond all reason to seeme to teache an old Emperor as if he were but a child that did not know what it was to gouerne to appoynt him what seruaunts and friends he should keepe and whome he should trust or mistrust Nymphidius perceiuing this tooke another course and wrote letters vnto Galba to terrifie him one tyme sending him word that he was maruelous euill beloued of many in ROME and that they were ready to rebell against him an other tyme also that the legions of GERMANY were reuolted and that he vnderstoode the like from the legions in IVRY and SYRIA And another tyme also that Clodius Macer in AFRICA stayed all the shippes fraighted with corne that were bownd for ROME But in the ende finding that Galba made no accompt of him and that he gaue no credit to his words nor writings he determined first of all to set vpon him Howbeit Clodius Celsus borne in the citie of ANTIOCH a wise man and his faithfull friend disswaded him maruelously not to doe it declaring vnto him that he thought there was no one house nor family in ROME that would call Nymphidius Caesar. Howbeit in contrary manner diuers others mocked Galba and specially one Mithridates of the Realme of PONâ— that sayd he was a bald writhen man For the ROMANES sayd he haue him in deede now in some estimation but when they haue once seene him they will thinke it a perpetuall shame and reproche to our tyme that he was called Caesar. So they thought it good to bring Nymphidius about midnight into the campe and there openly to proclayme him Emperor Howbeit the chiefe Tribune of the souldiers called Antonius Honoratus gathered his souldiers together in the night and before them all did first openly reproue him selfe and then them for that they had so often turned and chaunged in so short time without any wit or discretion hauing no iudgement to chuse the best way but to be pricked forward and caried headlong in that sort by some wicked spirit which brought them out of one treason into another And yet sayd he our first chaunge had some countenaunce of reason to wete the horrible vices and faultes of Nero but now wherein can we accuse Galba to haue any countenaunce to falsifie our faith vnto him hath he slayne his mother hath he put her to death hath he shamefully played the tumbler or common player vpon a scaffold in the Theater And yet for all these vile parts we neuer durst once beginne to forsake Nero but gaue credit to Nymphidius words who told vs that Nero had first forsaken vs and that he was fled into AEGYPT What shall we doe Shall we kill Galba after Nero what shall we kill him that is a kinne to Liuia to make the sonne of Nymphidia Emperor as we haue already slayne the sonne of Agrippina or shall we rather kill him that hath rashly entred into this enterprise and thereby to reuenge the death of Nero and to shewe our selues faithfull souldiers vnto Galba All the souldiers yelded straight to the Colonells words and therewith went to their other companions to perswade them to keepe their saith promise they auowed vnto the Emperor so that they made many of them reuolt againe from Nymphidius Thereuppon the noyse and cryes beeing great Nymphidius supposing as some thought that the souldiers did call for him or els hoping betymes to quenche this tumult
the other Consul with C. Flaminius did send him foure thowsand horsemen not vnderstanding yet of the battell that was fought by the lake of Thrasymene But when they heard of the ouerthrowe of their men by the way and therefore thought to haue fled into VMBRIA they were compassed in by the horsemen of the enemies and so brought vnto Annibal Nowe the Empire of ROME being brought into so great extreamitie and daunger bicause of so many small losses one in the necke of an other it was ordeined that an extraordinarie Gouernor or Magistrate should be chosen who should be created Dictator an office specially vsed to be reserued for the last hope and remedie in most extreame daunger and perill of the state and common wealth But bicause the Consul Seruilius could not returne at that time to ROME all the waies being kept by the enemie the people contrarie to their custome created Q. Fabius Dictator who afterwards attained the surname of Maximus to say verie great who likewise did name M. Minutius Generall of the horsemen Now this Fabius was a graue and wise counseller and of great authoritie and estimacion in the common wealth insomuche as the citizens had all their hope and confidence in him onely perswading them selues that the honor of ROME might be better preserued vnder the gouernment and conduct of such a Generall rather then vnder the gouernment of any other man whatsoeuer So Fabius knowing it very well after he had carefullie and diligentlie geuen order for all thinges necessarie he departed from ROME and when he had receiued the armie of the late Consul Cn. Seruilius he added vnto them two other legions and so went vnto the enemie Nowe Annibal was gone from the lake of Thrasymene and went directly towardes the citie of SPOLETVM to see if he could take it at the first assault But when he saw that the townes men stoode vpon the rampers of the walls and valliantlie defended them selues he then left the towne and destroyed the contrie as he went and burnt houses and villages and so went into APVLIA through the marches of ANCONA and the contries of the MARSIANS and PELIGNIANS The Dictator followed him at the heeles and camped hard by the citie of ARPY not farre from the campe of the enemie to thend to drawe out the warre at length For the rashnesse and foolehardines of the former Captaines affore time had brought the state of ROME into such miserie that they thought it a victorie vnto them not to be ouercome by the enemie that had so often ouercome them Whereby all thinges were turned straight with the chaunge and alteracion of the Captaine For though Annibal had set his men in battell ray and afterwardes perceiuing his enemie sturred not went and destroyed the contrie hoping thereby to intise the Dictator to fight when he should see the contrie of his confederates so spoyled as it was before his face the Dictator this notwithstanding was not moued withall but still kept his men close together as if the matter had not concerned him Annibal was in a maruelous rage with the delay of the Dictator and therefore often remoued his campe to the ende that going diuers wayes some occasion or oportunitie might fall out of deceiue the enemie or else to geue battell So when he had passed the mountaine Appenine he came vnto SAMNIVM But bicause shortlie after some of CAMPANIA who hauing bene taken prisoners by the lake of Thrasymene had bene set at libertie without raunsome they putting him in hope that he might take the citie of CAPVA he made his armie march forward and tooke a guide that knew the contrie to bring him vnto CASINVM Nowe the guide ouerhearing CASINVM vnderstoode it CASILINVM so mistaking the sound of the word brought the armie a cleane contrary way vnto CALENTINVM and CALENVM and from thence about STELLA So when they came into a contry enuironned about with mountaines and riuers Annibal knew straight they had mistaken their way and so did cruelly put the guide to death Fabius the Dictator did in the meane time beare all this pacientlie and was contented to geue Annibal libertie to take his pleasure which way he woulde vntill he had gotten the mountaines of Gallicanum and Casilinum where he placed his garrison being places of great aduantage and commodity So the armie of the CARTHAGINIANS was in manner compassed in euery way and they must needes haue dyed for famine in that place or else haue fled to their great shame and dishonor had not Annibal by this stratageame preuented the daunger Who knowing the daunger all his armie stoode in and hauing spied a fit time for it he commaunded his souldiers to bring forth two thowsand oxen which they had gotten in spoyle in the fields hauing great store of them and then tying torches or fire linckes vnto their homes he appointed the nimblest men he had to light them and to driue the oxen vp the hill to the toppe of the mountaines at the reliefe of the first watche All this was duely executed according to his commaundement and the oxen running vp to the toppe of the mountaines with the torches burning the whole armie marched after them fayer and softly Now the ROMANES that had long before placed a strong garrison vpon the mountaines they were affrayed of this straunge sight and mistrusting some ambushe they soorth with forsooke their peeces and holdes Fabius him selfe mistrusting also that it was some stratageame of the enemie kept his men within the campe and coulde not well tell what to say to it In the meane time Annibal got ouer the mountaine not farre from the bathes of Swessa which the contrie men doe call the tower of the bathes and brought all his armie safe into ALBA and shortlie after he marched directlie as though he woulde goe to ROME howbeit he sodainlie turned out of the way and went presentlie into APVLIA There he tooke the citie of GLERENVM a verie riche and wealthie towne where he determined to winter The Dictator followed him harde and came and camped by LAVRINVM not farre from the CARTHAGINIANS campe So he being sent for to ROME about waightie affaires of the state there was no remedy but he must needes de pase â—hence with all the spâ—dâ— he coulde howebeit before he went he left Marcus Minutius in Generall of the horsemen his Lieutenaunt of all the armie and commaunded him in his absence noâ—oned to sturre not meddle with the enemie For he was fullie bent to follow his first determination which wast not to vexe the enemy nor to fight with him though he were prouoked â—â—it Howbeit Marcus Minutius litle regarding the Dictators commaundement his backe was no soner â—â—â—nedâ— but he set vpon a companie of the enemies dispersed in the fielde a forlaging and slue a group number of them and fought with the rest euen into their campe The rumor of this 〈…〉 flew straight to ROME and there was such great
to set vpon the kings Mandonius Indibilis who made warre with the SVESSITANS These souldiers departing froÌ„ SVCRO with good hope in obtaine pardon came vnto CARTHAGE Howbeit the next day after they were come into the towne they were brought into the market place where their armorâ—â—d weapons being taken from them they were enuironned with all the legions armie Then the ROMANE Generall sitting in place of iudgement shewed him selfe before all the coÌ„pany in as good health good disposition of bodies as euer he was in all his youth Then he made a sharp bitter oration full of grieuous complaines insomuch as there was not one of all the souldiers that were vnarmed that durst cast vp their eyes to looke their Generall in the face they were so ashamed For their consciences did accuse them for the fault they had committed and the feare of death did take their wits and senses from them the profence of their gratious Captaine made them blush as well that were innocent at the parties that were offendors Wherefore there was a generall and sorowfull silence of all men So after he had ended his oration he caused the chiefe authors of this rebellion to be brought forth before the whole assembly who after they had bene whipped according to the maner were presently beheaded the which was a fearefull and lamentable sight to the beholders These matters thus pacified Scipio made all the other souldiers to be sworne againe and then went and proclaimed warre against Mandonius and Indibilis For they considering with them selues howe the ROMANE souldiers that had rebelled in the campe were put to death they were out of hope to obtaine any pardon Therefore they had leauied an army of twentie thowsand footemen two thowsand horsemen and came downe with them against the ROMANES Scipio hauing intelligence thereof before that the kings could increase their army that other nations could rebel he departed from CARTHAGE went with as great speede as he could to meete with the enemy The kings were camped in a very strong place and trusted so to their army that they were not determined to prouoke the enemy nor also to refuse the battell if it were offred them Howbeit it chaunced by the nerenes of both campes that within few dayes they being prouoked by the ROMANES came downe set their men in battell ray ioyned battell with Scipio so that a good while together the fight was very bloody cruel But at length the SPANYARDS seeing them selues compassed in behinde and being driuen to fight in a ring to defend the enemy on euery side they were ouercome so that the third parte of them scarcely saued them selues by flying Mandonius Indibilis seeing them selues vtterly vndone that there was no hope nor remedy left they sent Ambassadors vnto Scipio humbly to pray him to receiue them to mercy and to pardon them But Scipio knowing right well how greatly they had offended him and the ROMANES yet thinking it more honorable to ouercome the enemie by curtesie and clemency then by force he did pardon them and only coÌ„maunded them to geue him money to pay his souldiers In the meane time Masinissa came from GADES landed bicause he would him selfe in person confirme the frendship he had offered Scipio in his absence by the meanes of M. Syllanus and also speake with him face to face whom he iudged to be a worthie man for the famous victories he had obteined And in truth Masinissa was not deceiued in the opinion he had of the valliantnes vertues of Scipio but found him the selfe same man whom he before had imagined him to be in his minde the which but seldom happeneth so notwithstanding For besides the great rare giftes of nature that Scipio had aboue all others there was in him also a certaine Princely grace and maiestie Furthermore he was maruelous gentle curteous vnto them that came to him and had an eloquent tongue and a passing gift to winne euerie man He was verie graue to his gesture and behauiour and euer ware long heare Masinissa being come to salute him when he sawe him he had him in suche admiration as it is reported that he could not cast his eyes of him nor haue his fill of looking on him So he thanked him maruelouslie for sending his Nephewe vnto him and promised him that his deedes shoulde confirme and witnesse the frendshippe agreed vppon betwene them the which he euer after inuiolablie kept vnto the ROMANES euen to the hower of his death So all the nations of SPAYNE became subiect to the Empire of ROME or at the least their confederates whereupon those of GADES also following the example of others came and yeelded them selues vnto the ROMANES This is a verie auncient nation and if we may credit the reporte of it as CARTHAGE was in AFRIKE and THEâ—ES in BOEOTIA so was GADES vpon the sea a Colony of the TYRIANS Scipio after he bad conquered all SPAYNE and driuen out the CARTHAGINIANS considering that there remained nothing more for him to doe he left the gouernment of the prouince vnto L. Lentulus and to Manlius Acidinus and returned to ROME When he was arriued at ROME the Senate gaue him audience out of the citie in the temple of Belloua There when he had particularly told theÌ„ of the things he had valliantly fortunately brought to end further that he had ouercome foure Captaines in diuers foughteÌ„ fields also put to flight foure armies of the enemies driueÌ„ the CARTHAGINIANS out of both SPAYNES that there was no nation left in all those parts but was subdued to the ROMANES the Senate gaue iudgement that all these things were worthy of a noble triumphe But bicause neuer man yet was suffred to enter into ROME in triuÌ„phe for any victories he had obtained whilest he was only but Viceconsul and had not yet bene Consul the Senators thought it not good and Scipio him selfe also made no great sute for it bicause he would not be an occasion to bring in any newe custome and to breake the olde So when he came into the citie he was afterwardes declared Consul with the great good will and consent of the whole assemblie It is reported that there neuer came such a world of people to ROME as were there as that time not only for the assemblies sake but more to see P. Cor. Scipio Wherefore not the ROMANES onely but all the straungers also that were there all their eyes were vpon Scipio and sayd both openly and priuately that they should send him into AFRIKE to make warre with the CARTHAGINIANS at home in their owne contrie Scipio also being of the same opinion said that he would aske aduise of the people if the Senate would be against such a worthie enterprise For amongest the peres and Senators there were some that vehemently inueyed against that opinion and among the rest Fabius Maximus speciallie a man
whereof Liuie deca 3. lib. 7. Romulus and Remus education Romulus a godly man. Remus taken of Numitors heardmen Gods providence Remus oration declaring the birth of himself his brother Romulus Numitors wisdome Faustulus care to saue Remus Amulius perplexed in his minde Manipulares whereof so called Amulius slayne The building of Rome Asylaus temple a sanctuarie for all banished persones and fugitiues Strife betwixt Romulus and Remus Remonium Rignarium The Romains obserue the flying of vulters Remus slayne by Romulus or Celer Celeres wherfore so called Q. Metellus Celer The world Pomoerium why so called The walles holye The feast day of Romes fouÌ„dation the 21. Aprill The feast Palilia An eclypse of the moone at the laying of the foundatioÌ„ of Rome Varro a philosopher Tarutius a mathematician The hower of a mans natiuitie maye be calculated by his accidents Romulus natiuitie calculated by Tarutius An eclypse of the sunne when Romulus was conceiued in his mothers wombe The Romaine legion 3000 footemen 300 horsemeÌ„ Romulus instituteth a coÌ„mon wealth VVhat the Patricians Senatâ— were Patres Conscripti Patroni Clientes The shame of the Romaines to take gifteâ— of poore men The rauishement of the Sabynes comen Romulus crafte about the rauishement of the Sabynes daughters Consus a god Neptune the god of horsemen The executioÌ„ of the rauishment The number of the Sabyne women rauished Hersilia Romulus wife Romulus first daughter called Prima His sonne was called Aollius Abillius The cause why the Romaines dog synge the name of Talasius in â—â—â—â—ages Talassia Matrimoniall ceremonie at Rome Sextillis August Plutat in his proble Consualia The Sabynes what they were Acron king of the Ceninenses maketh warre with Romulus Acron slaine in the field Romulus triumphe The beginning of triumphe Iupiter Feretrian Spolia opima Three Romaines onely obteined spolia opima Tarquinius Priscus the first that triumphed in charet The citties of Fidena Crustumerium Antemna rose all â—â—gast Romulus The Sabynes led by Tatius went to besiege the cittie of Rome Tarpeia betrayeth the castell and letteth in the Sabynes Antigonus Augustus Caesarâ— words of traytors A fit similitude Note the reward of treason Tarpeia pressed to deathe The place of the fight betwext Romulus Tatius Curtius the Sabyne Curtius Lake The Sabynes geue battell to Romulus Hostilius slayne Romulus hit on the head with a stone Iupiter Stâ—tor A wonderfull boldnes of women The wordes of Hersilia and other Sabyne women vnto both armies Romulus and Tatius imparle together Peace betwene the Romaines and Sabynes Quirites why so called Comitium The Romaine legion 6000. footemen 600 horsemeÌ„ The Romaine tribes Honours geueÌ„ to women Tatius and Romulus palaces The holy cornell tree The Sabynes vsed the Romaines moneths Feasts Matronalia Carmentalia Carmenta Lupercalia The Lupercians doe sacrifice a dogge VVhy the Lupercians roÌ„ne through the cittie naked The Vestall Nunnes and holy fire instituted by Romulus Lituus Romulus Lawes Parricides No parricide knowen in Rome sixe huÌ„dred yeres together Lucius Ostius the first man that slewe his owne father at Rome Ambassadours slaine comming to Rome The death of Tatius in Lauinium ArmilustriuÌ„ The Sabines obedience to Romulus Romulus tooke the cittie of Fidena Plague at Rome It rained bloude at Rome Camerinum taken of Romulus The incredible valiaÌ„tnes of Romulus Romulus â—â—â—â—eth peace with the Veians Prosperitie increase of pryde and stomake Celeres Romulus garde Lictores wherefore so called Romulus conurteth the kingdome of Alba to a comon weale Romulus vanished awaye no man knew howe The 17. daye of Iuly an vnfortunate daye to the 〈…〉 The death Africanus Diuers opinions of Romulus death The goate marshe Iulius Proculus â—â—â— with Romulus after his vanishing Romulus oracle vnto Proculus Romulus called Quirinus and honored as a god Aristeas a Proconnesian taken out of mens fight after bâ—â—us dead Cleomedes Asâ—ypaisis vanished strauÌ„gely out of mens sights being fast locked in a chest Alemenes body vanished out of the beere The soule eternall Heraclitus saying of the soule VVhy Romulus was called Quirinus The bill Quirinus Nonae Capravine The warre of the Latines Posthumius generall Philotia a warning maeydes sodaine deuise Romulus age and reigne By what meanes men are provoked to great anteryriser Plato in Phaèdone Loue the minister of the goddes The office of a prince VVherein Romulus was to be preferred before Theseus Romulus loue to his kyuns Theseus detected for obliuion Theseus detected for his rauishements of women Romulus rauishement of women excused No diuorse made in Rome for 230. yeres space Val. Max. sayeth 520. The first wife put awaye in Rome Theseus mariages cause of warres and troubles Romulus more acceptable to the godds then Theseus Xenophon in lib. de Lacedaemon Rep. Of the Heraclides Pausanias Diodorus and Cleme Strom. lib. 1. Lycurgus kinred A subtill promise Prodicos Regents or protectours of yong Kings in minoritie Charilaus king of the Lacedaemonians Herod lib. 1. Dionysius Halic lib. 2. Lycurgus trauelled countryes Thales a poet harper Lycurgus iorney into Asia The prayse of Homers workes Homers poemes vnknoweÌ„ to the Grecians brought to light by Lycurgus Lycurgus returneth and chaungeth all the coÌ„mon wealth Lycurgus counselleth with the oracle of Apollo as Delphes Chalceoecos Iunos brasen temple Lycurgus instituteth a Senate of the Lacedaemonians Plato de leg 3. 28. were the number of the Senatours Retra of Lycurgus Cnacion st The open seith appointed for place of Counsaill The inflimation of the Ephores Lycurgus wisdome Lycurgus maketh equall diuision of landes vnto the citizens All the lands throughe the countrie of Laconia deuided into 30000. parts All the lands about Sparta into 9000 partes VVhat barley euery parte did yelde Lycurgus chaungeth all golde siluer into iron coyne Lycurgus washe all sellers croftes of an value Câ—thon a strauÌ„ge kinde of cuppe of the Lacedaemonian souldiers Lycurgus appointeth order for dyes vnto the Lacedaemonians Alcander strooke out Lycurgus eye Lycurgus pacience and gentlenes Minerua optiletide Andria and Phiditia meales why so called Children were brought to these meales The propertie of a Lacedaemonian The order of receiuing any man into their company at meales The blacke broth Cicero calleth the King. Dionysius theâ— tyran Tusc. 5. Lycurgus would not haue his lawes written otherwise then in mens myndes Retra for excesse of ryeâ— Epaminondas saying King Leontychidas saying Retra for warres Antalcidar saying The discipline of womeÌ„ amongest the Lacedaemonians Arist. polis lib. 7. cap. 17. The exercises and discipline of maydes The saying of a Latonian woman Men that would not marye Lycurgus repused infamous by lawe Matrimoniall ceremonies in Lacodaemon Holsome rules for maried couples Lycurgus regard to auoyd iealousie in the common wealth No adultrie showen in Sparta The education of children with the Lacedaemonians Lesche Apothetes Young babes washed with wine The Spartan nurces Pluto of the first Alcibiades Howe the Lacedaemonians children were brought vp It is a kinde of thistle in the Mosseâ—d tongueâ— reads Holythias
Irenes Melirenes The â—â—eeuerie of the Lacedaemonians Straight dyet causeth groeth and height Childrens exercise afect their supper The LacedamoniaÌ„s manner of liuing Short speache taught among the Lacedaemonians Lycurgus wise aunswere Lycurgus loue to god To geue a haÌ„d is to consesse him self ouercome Shorte sentences of certaint Laconians Leonidus Charilaus Archidamidas Shaâ—e sentences of the Laconians Demaratus Agis Theopompus Plistonax Pausanias sonne Archidamidas In the life of Agesilous The Lacedaemonians songes Three daunces among the Lacedaemonians Terpander of the Lacedaemonians Pyndarus of the Lacedaemonians The longe bushes and beare of the Laconians How the Laconians beganne battell The LaconiaÌ„s songe when they marched Eust. Ilia 15. How save the Lacedaemonians dyd pursue their enemies Lycurgus a very good captaine Oulames The LaconiaÌ„s opinion to serue their countrie The rest and leysure of the Lacedaemonians Idie liuers punished at Athens Sutes in lawe went aways with golde siluer that was banished How they spâ—o the time in Sparta The Lacedaemonians liued not priuately to them selues in the comm'd weale Paedaretus saying The manner of choosing the Senate in Sparta VVhat was done the Senatour being chosen The manner of buriall with the Lacedaemonians The time of mourning None allowed to trauell into other couÌ„tries without licence No straungers suffered to dwell in Sparta Cryptia with the Lacedaemonians The cruelty of the Lacedaemonians against the Ilotes Diodorus lib. 2. Plato in Timaeo Lycurgus wonderfull counsell in stablishing his lawes Lycurgus death Sparta florished fiue hundred yeres Lycurgus lawes were broke in king Agis time by Lysanders meanes Money corrupteth Lycurgus Lawes See more in Lysaders life Lysander brought in richer againe into Sparta Theopompus wordes of obeying and commauÌ„ding Good gouernmeÌ„t breedeth due obedieÌ„ce Antisthenes Socrates schollers wordes The foundation of a common weale Diuine honours to Lycurgus after his death Antiorus Lycurgus â—â—â—â—â— In what time Numa â—â—â— Cicero de Or. 2. Tuscâ—l 4. Lius Hâ—lic lib. 2. VVhether Pythagoras had any conversation with Numa Pythagoras the seconde a Spartan borne taught Numa at Rome The death of Romulus In the life of Romulus he is named Trocolus â— Dissention as Rome about choosing of their King. Liuie sayeth but a hundred Dionysius 200. Plutar. in the life of Romulus agreeth with Dionysius Interregnum Numa chosen King. Numa borne in the cittie of Cures Quirites why so called The life and manners of Numa before his raigne Tatia the wife of Numa Numa conuersant with the goddesse Egeria Goddes familliar with men VVho are beloued of the goddes Proclus and Velesus ambassadours to offer Numa the kingdom The orasion of Numa to the abassadours refusing to be King. Numa beginneth his kingdome with seruice of the goddes Numa was consecrated by the Augures The garde of Celeres discharged by Numa Flamen Quirinalis instituted of Numa Numa inducent ciuill quiet life Plato de Rep. lib. 2. Numa and Pythagoras institutions muche a like Numa worshipped Tacita one of the Muses Pythagoras taught his schollers to kept silence Pythagoras opinion of god Numa forbad images of God. Proofes for the conuersation of Numa and Pythagoras Numa instituteth Bishoppes Pontifices why so called The wodden bridge as Rome The highe bishoppe The institution of the Vestall Nunnes The holy and immortal fire How the holy fire is drawen from the pure flame of the sunne See the life of Camillus touching the Vestall Nunnes The Vestalls prerogatius The punishment of the Vestall Nunnes The temple of Vesta represenseth the figure of the worlde VVhere the fire abideth The manner of buriall Libitina honored at funeralls The time of mourning Salâ—i Feciales Pluto Probl. 62. Gell. lib. 16 c.4 Feciales called Irenophylaces Irenen a quarrell pacified with reason without the sword Rome taken by the Gaules See Camillus Life The institution of the Salij A target from heauen VVhereof they were called Salij Ancylia whereof so called Regia the Kings palace The manner of the Romaines worshipping of the goddes The Pythagorians opinion touching prayer Hoc age a watcheword to tend diuine seruice The similitude of Numa and Pythagoras precepts By what means Numa made the Romaines quiet and gentle The wonders of Numa Numaes speaking with Iupiter Picus Fannus The purifying of thunder Ilicium the name of the place Numa buylded temples to Faythe and Terme Numa made the boundes of the territorie of Rome Numa aduaunceth jillage Numa deuided his people into sundrie occupations Numa tooke away the factions of Romulus and Tatius The ordinaunce of the moneths of Numaes institution Macrob. 1. Sarâ—r 13. The yere diuersely counted * Peraduenture ye must read in the Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is to saye of the name of Iuno * Some olde Grecian copies saye in this place marg 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as much to saye as for the deade VVhy Ianus is painted with two faces At what time the temple of Ianus is thus in Rome Liu. lib. 1. The Romains had us warres in al Nunaes time Platoes saying concerning the felicitie of a coÌ„mon weale Numaes tiues and posteritie Pompilia Numaes daughter Pompilia maried to Caius Martius Corislanus Martius the Sabyne made Sunatouar at Rome Ancus Martius the sonne of Caius Martius Coviolanus The death of Numa Numaes bookes VVhy the Pythagoriâ—agrave left nothing in writing 12. bookes of priesthood 12. bookes of philosophie Good men praysed after their death The misfortunes of Numaes successours Hostilius The vertues of Numa and Lycurgus were alike but their deeds diuers VVhat things were harde to Lycurgus Slaues sai with their master as Saturnes feasts Macrob. Satur lib. 1. Diuers causes of the diuersitie of institutions of Numa and Lycurgus Description of their people Reason for mariages Numaes order for maidens the better The Laconians were to manly The Romaine women very modest The first diuorce aâ— Rome Howe much education and discipline is worthe Arist. polit 8. How Lycurgus lawes were stablished VVhy Numaes orders dyed Why Numa is to be preferred before Lycurgus Solons linage Great friendshipp betâ—ixâ— Solon Pisistratus A statute for bondmen Solon gaue him selfe in youth to trade marchauÌ„dise Solons iudgemeÌ„t of riches The commodities of merchandise A marchauns builded Massilia Thales Hippocrates Plato all marchaunts Pouerty with vertue better than riches How Solon vsed his poetrie Solon delited in morall but not in naturall philosophie Hellens three footed stoole of gold draweÌ„ vp in a drag net The rare modesty of the wise men Anacharsis and Solons meeting Anacharsis saying of Solons written lawes Solons talke with Thales at Miletum about mariage for hauing of children VVe should not let to get things necessarie fearing to lose them Cybistus Thales adopted sonne The instinct of naturall loue Proclamation vpon paâ—ne of death no man so moâ—e the counsell for the title of Salamina Solon fained madnes to recouer Salamina Solons Elegies of the Salaminians Of the temple of Venus Coliade Sâ—ab lib 4. â—â—rsan of the Athenians Solons stratageames Solon wanne Salamina Great stryfe betwext
Anicius Praetor Perseus laye at the foote of the mount Olympus with 4000 horsemeÌ„ 40000 footemen AEmylius admonition to his souldiers Paulus AEmylius would haue the watch to haue no speares nor pikes The originall of springes Fountaines compared to womeÌ„s brests Scipio Nasica and Fabius Maximus offer thens selues to take the straights The height of the mount Olympus Nasica tranne the straights of Macedon Persons pitched his caÌ„pe before the cittie of Pydne The riuers of AEson and Leucus AEmylius aunswer to Scipio Nisca for geuing charge apon the enemies The skill and foresight of a wise captaine The eclipse of the moon The superstitioÌ„ of the Romaines when the moone is eclipsed The cause of an eclipse of the moone AEmylius policie to procure shirmishe The army of the Macedonians marching against the Romaines in battell The battell betwext Perseus and AEmylius PersoÌ„ goeth out of the battell vnto Pydus Victorie woÌ„ne by labour not by slothe Salius a captaine of the Pelignians tooke the ensigne and threwe it among the enemies The valliaÌ„tnes of Marcus Cato AEmilius victorie of Perseus The battell fought and wonne in one hower The vallâ—â—â—nes of Scipio the lesse Perseus fled from Pydne to Pella Time dutie to be obserued to the Prince Death the indignation of the Prince The couetousnes of the Cretans Misers whine for their gooddes The Macedonians submit them selues to AEmylius VVonders Newes brought to Rome out of Macedon in 4. dayes of Aemylius victorie there and no man knewe howe they came AEnobarbus why so called Cn. Octanius AEmylius lleutenaunts by sea The miserable state Perseus was brought vnto by the craft subtletie of a Cretan King Perseê° yeldeth him self in Samothracia vnto Cneus Octauius Perseus vnprincely behauiour vnto AEmylius AEmylius oration vnto Perseus prisoner AEmylius oratiom touching fortune and her vnconstantie AEmylius honorable progresse in Graece AEmylius setteth Macedon at a slaye AEmylius wordes above the care and good order at feasts AEmylius abstinence AEmylius cruell acte spoyling of Epirus AEmylius tooke shippe at the cittie of Orica and returned into Italie The enuie of Seruius Galba vnto AEmylius 〈…〉 abâ—â— AEmylius triumphe Seruilius oration for the furtheraunce of AEmylius triumphe A notable description of AEmylius triumphe Perseus children king Perseus AEmylius scorneth Perseus cowardlines Foure huÌ„dred crownes of gold sent vnto AEmylius by the citties of Graece AEmylius adversitie AEmylius fortitude in his great aduersitie AEmylius oration in his trouble for the death of his children The death of king Perseus A straunge kind of death The statee of Perseus sonnes By AEmylius victorie the people payed no more subsidie AEmylius chosen CeÌ„sor The office authoritie of the Censor AEmylius sicknes AEmylius remoued from Rome and dwelt in the citty of Velia The death of AEmylius in Rome AEmylius funeralles AEmylius goodes what they came to The state of the Syracusas before Timoleons coÌ„ming Icetes tyraÌ„ne of the Leontines By what voice Timoleon came to be generall Timoleons parentage manners Timophanes Timoleons brother what he was Timoleon saued his brothers life The Corinthians enterteined 400. straungers made Timophanes captaine of them to keepe their cittie Timophanes cruelty vsurpation of the kingdom Timophanes slaine by his brothers procurement Our acts must be honest and constant Phocions saying Aristides graue saying TimoleoÌ„ chosen generall to go into Sicile Icetes tyran of the Leontines a traytor A signe happened to Timoleon Timoleon tooke shippe towards Sicile A burning torche appeared in the element vnto Timoleon Icetes beseegeth Dionysia Icetes sendeth Ambassadors vnto TimoleoÌ„ TimoleoÌ„ crafttier then the Carthaginians Rhegio a citie of Greece Timoleon laÌ„deth as Tauvomenion in Sicile Andromachâ— the Father of Timaeus the Historiographer gouerner of the citie of Tauromenion The Carthaginians Ambassador did threaten to destroy the citie of Tavromenion by shewing Andromachâ— the palme and backe of his hand The god Adranus Timoleon ouerthrew Icetes armie made him flye from Adranus The Adranitans yeld vnto Timoleon Mamercus tyran of Catana Dionysius the tyran yeldeth him selfe and the castell of Syracusa vnto Timoleon Dionysius the tyran of Syracusa sent to Corinthe The miseries calamities of Dionysius the tyran Dionysius brought to Corinthe The Inconstancie of fortune Notable sayings of Dionysius Syracusan The benefite of Philosophy A tyranes state vnfortunate This agreeth with AEsops wordes to Solon who wished him oÌ„ming to princes to please them or not to come nere them See Solons life and his answer to AEsop. Diogenes saying to Dionysius the tyrane Timoleons prosperitie Icetes hiereth two souldiers to kill Timoleon at Adranus The treason discouered to Timoleon by one of the souldiers The wonderfull worke of fortune Icetes bringeth Mago a Carthaginian with a great army to Syracusa Leon captaine of the Corinthians within the castell Leon wanne Acradina Contention of fortune and valliancie The stratageame of Hanno the admirall of the Carthaginians Timoleon marcheth to Syracvsa Mago forsaketh Sicile vpoÌ„ suspect of treason Anapus fl Timoleon wynneth the citie of Syracusa Timoleon ouerthroweth the castell of Syracvsa Timoleon made Syracvsa a popular gouernment The miserable state of Sicile Mago slue him selfe being called to aunswer his departure out of Sicile The Corinthians replenished the citie of Syracusa vvith three score thovvsand inhabitants Leptines tyran of Apollonia yelded to Timoleon The armie shippes of the CarthaginiaÌ„s against TimoleoÌ„ Asdrubal Amilcar being generalls Timoleon weÌ„t with 6000. man against the Carthaginians Crimesus fl Smallage an ill signe Prouerbe Garlandes of smallage The order of the Carthaginians armie Timoleon geueth charge apon the Carthaginians as they came ouer the riuer of Crimesus The seruice of the armed cartes Timoleons maruelous biggâ— voyce Timoleons order and fight A maruelous tempest of thunder ligthning rayne winde and â—ayle full in the Carthaginians faces as they fought Timoleons victorie of the Carthaginians Timoleon banisheth the thowsaÌ„d treytorous souldiers out of Sicile Gisco sone froÌ„ Carthage with 70. saile into Sicile Messina viseth against Timoleon Mamercus verses tyrant of Catena Calâ—â—â— of Sicile Damirias fl Strife among Timoleons captaines for passing ouer the riuer Timoleons deuise to draw lottes to pacifie the strife Timoleon taketh Icetes Eupolemus his sonne aliue and did put them to death Icetes wiues and children put to death The crueltie of Icetes towards Dion and his Mamercus ouercome in battel Abolus fl Timoleon maketh peace with the Carthaginians Lycus fl Catana yelded vp vnto Timoleon Hippon the tyranne of Messina Hippon put to death Mamercus the tyranne put to death TimoleoÌ„ quieteth all Sicile Timoleon compared with the famousest meÌ„ of Greece Timoleon attributeth his good successe vnto fortune Timoleon dwelleth still with the Syracvsans Simonides saying Timoleons accusers Timoleons great praise Timoleon in his age lost his sight The great honor the Syracusans did Timoleon being blind A laeâ—â—e made to honor Timoleon The death of Timoleon Timoleons funeralles An honorable decree of the SyracusaÌ„s for the memorie of Timoleon Timoleons
kinge Philip Philips verses against Alcaeus Priuy grudge betwixt Quintius and the AEtoliaÌ„s T. Quintius graunted Philip peace Hannibal was with kinge Antiochus Chalcide Corinthe Demetriade called by Philip of Macedon the Chaines of Greece Isthmia Crowes flying fell downe by the sounde of mens voices Quintinâ—care to stablish the liberty of the Greecians The feast Nemea kept at Argos Lycurgus the orator rescued Zenocrates the Philosopher saued him from prison Nero did set Greece at liberty VVhy Quintius made peace with Nabis the tyran of Lacedaemon The honor of Philopoemen Twelue hundred Romaines solde for slaues The Achaians redeemed the Romaines that were solde for slaues in Greece The ceremony of slaues maâ—onised T. Quintius triumphe Manius Acilius Consud T. Quintius Lieutenaunt sene into Greece Antiochus ouerthrowen in Thermopyles by Manius the Consull Quintius intreateth for the AEtoliaÌ„s King Antiochus maried Cleoptolemus daughter in the city of Chalcide Honors done vnto T. Quintius for sauing the Chilcidians and the Greecians Quintius curtesie and good nature Emulation betwixt T. Quintius and Philopoemen T. Quintius sayinges Antiochus Ambassadors doe boast of their kinges great army Titus Quintius witty ansâ—ere to the Ambassadors braggeâ— T. Quintius chosen Censor with Marcellus P. Scipio and M. P. Cato great enemies Secret grudge betwixt Titus and Cato A cruell dede of Lucius Quintius Cato beinge Censor did put Lucius Quintius Flaminius of the Senate T. Quintius vnworthy acts against Caro. Lucius Quintius restored to his place by the people T. Quintius ambition T. Quintius cause of Hanniballs death Titus sent Ambassador vnto Prusias king of Bithynia Hannibal deceiued by an oracle concerning his death Hanniball kept at Libyssa in Bithynia Hanniballs death Midas and Themistocles poysoned them selues Hanniballs last wordes Looke in Pyrrus life for the story as large Scipio Africans clemency commended Talke betwixt Scipio African Hannibal Hannibals iudgement of Captaines Aristonicus Mithridates Marius To be meane or great in this life is nothing but death bringeth the estimacion T. Quintius benefits vnto Greece Philopoemenes malice Titus Quintius wiser theÌ„ Philopoemen Quintius coÌ„maunded good souldiers Philopoemen made good souldiers A Generall must nes be at his prayers wheÌ„ he should occupy his sword Quintius clemency to the Greecians Philopoemenes liue to the Romaines Pyrrus kinred and beginning of the kingdome of Epirus Pyrrus redd How Pyrrus being an infant was saued Megares a city of Macedon Glaucias king of Illyria Pyrrus countenaunce and teeth Pyrrus healed them that were sicke of the splene The fier could not burnt Pyrrus great set Pyrrus realme taken froÌ„ him in his absence Pyrrus valliantnes at the battell of Hipsus Pyrrus behauior Pyrrus maried to Antigona the daughter of Philip king of Macedon and of his wife a Berenice Pyrrus restored to his kingdome againe Pyrrus deuideth the realme of Epirus with Neopulemus Pyrrus slue Neoptolemus Berenicida a city of Epirus in the I le of Preseque Pyrrus first iorney into Macedon King Lysimachus craft to deceiue Pyrrus Theodotus iudgement a Soothsayer Pyrrus quarrell and warre with Demetrius Pantauchus Demetrius Lieutenant in AErolis Pyrrus fight with Pantauchus Pyrrus victory of Pantauchus Pyrrus likened to Alexander the great Pyrrus skil in warlike discipline Hanniballs iudgement of Captaines Pyrrus wise answer Pyrrus goodnes and curtesie Certaine witty sayinges of Pyrrus Pyrrus wiues and children Pyrrus called an Eagle Pyrrus inuadeth Macedon Demetrius army both by land and sea Demetrius maried Lanassa Pyrrus wife Pyrrus dreame Pyrrus secoÌ„de iorney into Macedon Pyrrus praises Her Pyrrus ware his head peece Pyrrus proclaimed kinge of Macedon Macedon deuided betwene Pyrrus and Lysimachus Couetousnes hath no ende Peace and warre vsed lyke money Pyrrus ayded the Graecians against Demetrius Lysimachus maketh warre with Pyrrus The Tarentines hauinge a warre wish the Romaines determine to make king Pyrrus their Generall Meton counterfeating the foole wisely perswaded the Tarentines not to send for Pyrrus Tarentum a city in Italie Metons counsell to the Tarentines The Tarentines sende Ambassadors to Pyrrus Cineas the orator a Thessalian borne and attending in Pyrrus courte Cineas great talke with Pyrrus to moderate his ambitious minde Pyrrus iudgemeÌ„t of orators corruption A daungerous thing to withstande the Princes mind Pyrrus iorney into Italy Pyrrus daunger by tempest on the sea Pyrrus cast on shoare apon the contry of the Messapians Pyrrus being receiued of the TereÌ„tines reformed their vaine voluptoâ—s life Marshall discipline Leuinus Consul sent against Pyrrus Pyrrus camped in the plaine betwene Pandosia and Heraclea Siris fl Pyrrus Battel Pyrrus first conflict with the Romaines Pyrrus wisedom foresight in battell Pyrrus changed his armor cloke Megacles slaine taketh for Pyrrus Pyrrus victory of Leuinus the Consull Cineas sent Ambassador to Rome The noble minde of the Romaines Appius Claudius disswated the Romaines from making peace with Pyrrus Appius Claudius oration to the Senate The maiestie of the Senate at Rome Caius Fabricius Ambassador to Pyrrus Caius Fabricius a noble Captaine but very poore Fabricius refused king Pyrrus giftes The opinion of the EpicuriaÌ„s touchinge felicity King Pyrrus Phisitian wryeth to Fabricius offereth to poyson his master Fabricius letter to Pyrrus aduertising him of his Phisitians treason Pyrrus sendeth the Romaines their prisoners without raunsome Pyrrus second battel with the Romaines by the caty of Asculum Pyrrus victory of the Romaines The wyters agree not about Pyrrus battell Ambassadors out of Sicilia to pray aide of Pyrrus Pyrrus iorney into Sicilia Pyrrus wanne the city of Erix in Sicilia Homer of valliantnes The Mamertines why so called Pyrrus cruelty in Sicilia The Samnites and Tarentines sone ser Pyrrus to returne into Italie Pyrrus returne into Italy out of Sicile Pyrrus hurt on his head with a sworde Pyrrus with a blow of his sword claue his enemies head in the middest and layed it on his shoulders Manius Curius Consull Pyrrus thirde battell with the Romaines Pyrrus ouerthrowen by Manius Curius in battell Pyrrus compared to a dyce player Pyrrus returne into Epirus out of Halie Pyrrus victory of Antigonus king of Macedon Antigonus flieth from kinge Pyrrus The couetousnesse of the Gaules Areus made king of Sparta and Cleonymus pus downe The cause of Pyrrus inuading Peloponnesus Pyrrus stratageame to the Spartans Mandricidas stowe aunswer to king Pyrrus Pyrrus besiegeth Lacedaemon The corage of the women of Sparta VVomen wrought in the trench VVomen encoraged their men to fight Pyrrus battel Acrotatus valliantnes Pyrrus dreame Pyrrus in daunger of his life at the siege of Sparta King Areus arriued in Sparta with new aide Sedition in the city of Argos Pyrrus repulsed from Sparta goeth to Argos Ptolomie kinge Pyrrus sonne slaine by Oraesus Cretan Pyrrus slue Eualcus Antigonus aunswere to Pyrrus chalenge Tokens of Pyrrus death Pyrrus fight in the city of Argos Aspides the Castell in Argos A bull and wolfe in copper set up in the â—ity of Argos fighting together Danaus wan the â—â—ty of Argos from king Gelanor Apollo Lycias Gelanor king
of the Argiues Helenus Pyrrus sâ—nne The straunge loue of an Elephant to his keeper Kinge Pyrrus slaine with a tyle throwen by a woman Alcyoneus king Antigonus sonne Antigonus courtesie towards Pyrrus body and frendes Of the names of the Romaines Marius fauor Marius could no skill of the Greeke tongue Platoes saying to Xenocrates Marius parents maners and contry Marius first iorney vnto the warres Scipio Asricous iudgement of Marius Marius Tribune of the people Costa Consull Two sortes of AEdiles AEdilitas Curulis AEdilitas popularis Marius denyed to be AEdilis Marius chosen Praetor Sabacon put of the Senate Caius Herennius pleaded in Marius behalfe touching the patron client Marius actes in Spayne The opinioÌ„ of Spanyards in olde time Eloquence riches raised men to authority How Marius credit and estimacion grew Iulia Marius wife Marius temperaunce and pacience Caecilius Metellus Consull The Labours presence of the Generall maketh the souldiers worke willingly Marius the author of Turpilius false accusation death Vacca a great city The cause of the supposed treason against Turpilius Turpilius wrongfully put to death Displeasure betwixt Metellus Marius Marius first time of being Consull Marius offended the nobility Marius depriued Metellus of the honor of conquering of king Iugurthe Bocchus kinge of Numidia deliuereth Iugurthe vnto Sylla Lucius Sylla Quaestor vnder Marius The originall cause of the ciuill warres betwixt Marius and Sylla The comming into Italie of the Teutons and Cimbres The army of the Tevtons and Cimbres 300000 men Cimbri Cimmerij Marius chosen Consull the second time against the law Law must giue place for common benefit Marius triumphe into Rome for king Iugurthe How Marius trained his souldiers Marius moyles Marius commended for his iustice Marius third Consullshippe Manius Acilius Lieutenant of the army vnder Marius Lucius Saturninus Tribune Marius fourth Consullshippe with Catulus Luctatius Rhodanus fl Marius channell The Cimbres went through Germanie into Italie The Teutons and Ambrons fall apon Marius to passe into Italie through the territory of Genua Martha a wise woman or prophetesse The attier of Martha in time of sacrifice A wonder of the Vultures shewed to Marius VVonders seene Batabaces the priest of the mother of the goddes Aulus Pompeius Tribune The enemies campe were removing sixe dayes together Marius bolde wordes to his souldiers and their aunswer Battell betwixt the Ambrons Marius Marius ouercome the Ambrons The mannishnes of the women Marius seconde battell with the Teutons Marius victory of the Teutons and Ambrons Much veine followeth after great battells Marius the fift time Consull Athesis flu Catulus Luctatius the Consull flieth from the Cimbres Marius refused to enter in triumphe Marius goeth towardes Catulus Luctatius to helpe him Po flu Marius mocke to the Cimbres The Cimbres march against Marius Marius deuise for alteringe the darte in fight Baeorix king of the Cimbres Two and fiftie thowsand and three hundred men betwene Marius and Catulus The Romaines battell The battell of the Cimbres A dust raised that neither army could see one another The sunne ful in the Cimbres faces The fielde fought the 27. of Iuly Horrible cruelty of women Prisoners 60. thowsand Men slaine six score thowsand Might ouercoÌ„meth right Metellus against people pleasers Valerius Flaccus Consull with Marius the sixt time Valerius Coruinus sixe times Consull The law Agraria An article for the othes of the Senate to confirme what the people should passe by voyce Marius duble dealing To lye cunningly Marius taketh it for a vertue Timorous policy causeth periury Metellus constant in vertue Metellus wise saying touching well doing Metellus banishment Marius doble dealing betwene the nobilitie and people Marius procureth sedition at Rome No trust on the faith of the coÌ„mon people Metellus returne from banishement Marius iorney into Cappadocia and Galatia Marius prowd wordes to Mithridates The cause of the dissension betwene Marius Sylla The warre of the confederates Siloes stowts chalenge and Marius answer Mons Misenum Marius ambition Sulpitius gard of sixe hundred knightes Sulpitius boldness Marius sedition Marius flieth from Rome Marius the sonne flieth into Africke Marius found an ayrie of Eagles How many egges the Eagle layeth Liris fl Marius set a land and forsaken of the mariners Marine hidden in the marisses Marius takeÌ„ Fanniaes curtesie vnto Marius One hiered to kill Marius The Minturnians suffered Marius to go his way with sefety Marica Sylua Marius the elder flieth into Africke Marius wise answere of surtimes inconstancy Marius the younger esâ—apeth Hyempsals hands Cinna driuen out of Rome by Octauius Marius ioyneth force with Cinna Octauius negligence in defence of the citie of Rome against Cinna Marius Octauius too much geuen to Southsaiere Octauius vertue and imperfection Octauius slaine by Marius souldiers Agreas contrariety in astronomy Cinna and Marius entry into Rome Bardini Marius caused great murder in Rome Marius crueltie Small trust of frendes in aduersitie The faithfulnes of Cornutus seruaunts to their master M. Antonius the Orator betrayed by a tauerner The force of eloquence Catulus Luctatius killed himselfe The Bardiaeians slaine of their Captaines for their crueltie Marius seuenth Consulship Marius thoughtes and feare Deuise to winne sleepe Marius the fathers death Marius mad ambition a note against the ambitious Platoes words at his death note that in Syllaes life following to appeareth that Marius the younger was besieged in the city of Preneste and not in Perusia as ye rende here So as the city seemeth to be mistakeÌ„ in one of these liues Lysanders image Licurgus the anchor of wearing longe heare The commoditie of wearing longe heare Lysanders kinred The education of the Laconian children Lysanders manners VVise man he euer melancholye Lysander a despisor of riches Lysanders words of Dionysuis liberalitie Lysander admirall for the Lacedaemonians by sea Lysander enlargeth the citie of Ephesus Sardis a citie in Lydia Lysander tooke money for paye of his souldiers Lysanders victorie of the Athenians by sea Cherronesus a contrye in Thracia Callicratidas Lysanders successor in his office of admyraltie Playnenes coÌ„mended for a vertue but liked as an olde image of a god that had bene excellent faier The spighte of Lisander to Callicratidas Nothing estemed with the Barbarians but money Callicratidas pacience The death of Callicratidas Lysander crafty and deceitfull A wise saying of Lysander The wicked dissembling and double dealing of Lysander Lysander regarded no periâ—rie following the example of Polycrates the tyran of Somos Cyrus liberaâ—itie to Lysanders Lysanders artes by sea Philocles cruel advise vnto the Athenians Lysanders craft in marine fight Alcibiades gaue good aduise to the Captaines of the AtheniaÌ„s A copper target lift vp the signe of battell by sea Conon Admirall of the Athenians Lysanders victory of the Athenians Paralos the holy galley of Athens The starres of Castor and Pollux A stone fell out of the element AEgos st Anaxagoras opinion of the starres VVhat falling starres be Damachus testimonie of the fiery stone seene in the element
An other opinion of the stone that fell Philocles coÌ„stancy Captaine of the Athenians Lysanders cruelty Theopompus the Comicall Poets sayinge of the Lacedaemonians The Athenians yeelde vp Athens_to Lysander The maner of peace offered by the Lacedaemonians to the AtheniaÌ„s A notable saying for the walle of cities Erianthus cruell aduise against the Athenians The sweete musicke so frened their cruell hearts and moued them in pity Lysander ouerthrew the walles of the city of AtheÌ„s Callibius Captaine of the Castell of Athens Autolycus as cunninge wrestler Autolycus pus to death Lysander sent money to Sparta by Gylippus Gylippus robbed parte of the money be caried to Sparta The Grekishe coyne was marked with an owle Gyllippus banishment Couetousnes of money corrupted Gylippus one of the chiefest men of LacedaemoÌ„ The iron money of Lacedaemonia At what time the Lacedaemonians receiued gold and siluer againe The ill life of the Magistrate the cause of disorder in a commoÌ„ weale A galley of gold and Iuory Lysanders honors and pride Platoes saving of the ignorant Ignoraunce coÌ„pared with blindenes Lysanders ambition pride and 〈…〉 Lysander brake his word othe and procured the deads of eight hundred people 〈…〉 Eteocles wordes of Lysander Thorax put to death for offending the law The LaconiaÌ„ Scytala what maner thing it is and how vsed Lysander carieth letters against him selfe Lysander goeth to Iupiter Ammon King Pausanias reconciled the Athenians with the Spartans Lysanders terrible words The death of king Agis Lysander depriueth Leotychides of his kingedomes Through Lysanders working Agesilaus â— was made king Ambition abideth no equalles Agesilaus priâ—ie grudge to Lysander Lysanders wisedome Lysander surueiour of the vittells Lysanders talke with king Agesilaus after the Laconian maner of speaking Lysander seeketh innouation in the state of Sparta The Families of the kinges of Lacedamon Lysander deuiseth false oracles corrupted soathsayers with money Lysanders fained deuise to possesse the kingdome The warres of Boeotia Diuers causes sâ—â—â—â—used of the beginning of these wars An edict against the banished men from Athens An edict made by the Thebans in fauor of the banished meÌ„ Lysanders iorney vnto Boeotia Cithaeron mons Cissusa sons Lysander staine by the Thebans To aske leaue of thenemie to burye the deade is dishonorable Lysanders tombe Oplites A. destinie menitable Phliarus A. Hoplia Isomantus Neochorus slâ—e Lysander Orchalide â—â—â—s Helicon moons Pausanias exile Lysanders cleane handes and pouertie commended after his deathe Lysanders counsell for altering of the kingdom Lacratidas wisdom forbearing to shewe extremitie to the deade Lysander honored by the Spartans after his death Singlenes of life late mariage and ill mariage punished by the Lacedaemonians Syllaes kinred Syllaes honesty reproued by meanes of his great wealth Syllaes flauore That is bicause that Syl in laten signifieth oker which becometh red when it is put to the fire and therfore Syllaceus color in virusâ—ia signifieth purple colour Syllace skeffing Syllaes voluptuosnes Sylla Quaestor The cause of Bocchus freÌ„dshippe vnto Sylla Iugerthe deliuered vnto Sylla by kinge Bocchus Thenor of Iugurthes takinge ascribed vnto Sylla Syllaes noble deedes vnder Marius Sillaes doings vnder Catulus Ambition is to be fled as a mortall furie Sylla chosen Praetor Orobazus Ambassador from the king of the Parthians vnto Sylla Sylla accused of extorcion Ciuill warres Timotheus Athenians would not tribune the glory of his doinges to fortune Sylla gaue fortune the honor of all his doinges Syllaes belefe in dreames A straunge fight appeared to Sylla Sylla straunge of conditions Sylla chosen Consull Metellus chiefe bishop of Rome a maried Syllaes wiues Marius fonde ambition VVonderfull signes seene before the ciuill warres The ThuscaÌ„s opinion of eight worldes The wickednes of Sulpitius the Tribune Marius and Sulpitius sedition All lawe ceased for a time by reason of Sulpitius oppressions and wicked lawes Sylla marcheth towards Rome with six legions Posthomius the deuine did prognosticate victory vnto Sylla Syllas vision on his dreams Sylla set the houses a fire in Rome Marius and Sulpitius condemned to death Treason lustly rewarded The ingrailtude of Sylla reproved Lucius Cinna Consull Cinna sware to be Syllaes frende Sylla went against Mithridates Mithridates power Sylla befiegeth the city of Athens Sylla tooke the smells and roady money out of all the temples of Greece and brought it to him to AtheÌ„s Caphis supersticion for touching the holy thinges The commendacion of the auncient Romaine Captaines for ordering of their souldiers and also for their modest expences Sylla the first man that spob led all good seruice of souldiers by ouermuch libertie and sufferauoco The wickednes of the tyran Arision The greue valianmes of Marcus Teius Athens taken by Sylla The slaughter of the Athenians after the taking of the eisit Anthesterion Marche The time of Noes flood Aristion the tyran yeelded The hauen of Piraea wonne Philoes armory burnt by Sylla Taxilles army a hundred thowsande footemen Tenne thowsand horsemen Foure score ten thowsand cartes with Sythes The force of the BarbariaÌ„s consisted in horsemen and in their carts with Sythes The straight of Thermopyles Pqrnassus hill The city of Tithora Sylla Hortensius met at Patronide The plaine of Elatea Philobaeotus mont Their whole army together 1500. horse 15000. footemen The braue armor and furniture of the Thracians MacedoniaÌ„s seruing vnder Taxilles king Mithridates lieutenaunt Many commanders make disobediens souldiers Cephisus fl Syllaes straightnes to his souldiers A good policie to weary feare full souldiers with extreame labor whereby to make them desirous to fight Edylium moÌ„t Assus fl Sylla sendeth Gabinius with a legion to aide Chaeronea Oldeles met propheths of victory vnto Sylla Saluenius aSouldiers Iupiter Olympias Acotuim Edylium mountaines Thurium mons aliue Orthopagues Morion fl Apollo Thurial Chaeron the founder of the city of Charonea Sylla ordereth his battell Sylla droue Archelaus aide from the hill The force of the armed cartes with Sythes consist in long course Syllaes conflict with Archelaus as Thurium Slaues made free by authority of the Lieutenaunts in the fielde Syllaâ—â— victory of Mithridates Lieutenauntes The field was wonne in the plaine of Elatea Molus fl Apollo Pythias Iupiter Olympias Flaccus Consull went against Sylla Dorylaus Mithridates generall against Sylla The goodly plaine before the city of Orchomene The riuer of Melas and nature therof Syllaes words to animate his souldiers Diogenes slaine Syllae victory of Mithridates Lieutenauntes as Orchomene Sylla â—â—revâ—â—â—ne â—trelâ—â— Live in the famous battells at Chaeronea and at Orchomene Talke betwixt Sylla and Archelaus at the meeting Peace concluded betwext Sylla Archelaus in Mithridates behalfe apon condicions Archelaus suspected of treason Aristion tyran of Athens poysoned by Sylla Mithridates exception to the condicioÌ„s Archelaus sene from Sylla to Mithridates Sylla Mithridates meete at DARDANE The stowtnes of Sylla Mithridates excuseth him selfe to Sylla Syllaes aunswer to Mithridates Nicomedes king of Bithynia Ariobarzanes king of Coppadocia A hundred fifty thowsand Romanes slaine in one day
man. The nature of the people Nicias liberality magnificence Nicias superstitions Nicias mynes of siluer Nicias for feare gaue to the wicked Nicias warenes to offende Nicias Hierons schoole master Dionysius Chalcus founder of the city of Thuries Nicias life Notable actes done by Nicias The lawe of armes A least of Cleon. Cleons victory of the Lacedaemonians The immoderate liberty of Cleon. Cleons lewd and light ieastures in his Orations Alcibiades diuers wit. Cleon Brasidas the two peacebreakers generally of all Graece Nicias reconcileth the Spartans with the AtheniaÌ„s Nicias peace Ambassadors sent froÌ„ Spartan to Athens Alcibiades craft and deceit The earthquake holpe Nipias Nicias sent Ambassador vnto Sparta The vse of the Ostracismon Hyperbolus Nicias and Alcibiades ioyned tribes against Hyperbolus Hyperbolus banished for tenne yeares The taking away of tenne yeres banishment Nicias chosen Captaine for the warres of Sicila Signerâ—o feare the AtheniaÌ„s not to attempt the enterprise of Sicile Statues mangled AtheÌ„s The madness of Meton the Astronomer Nicias foolish fearefullnes Nicias counsell for inuading the Syracusans Lamachus valliant buâ— simple Lais the courtisan caried out of Sicile into Peloponnesus Nicias notable strategeame Nicias winneth the hauen of Syracvsa Nicias forbeareth to spoyle the temple of Iupiter Nicias besiegeth Syracvsa Nicias wall as the siege of Syracvsa The death of Lamachus Nicias sole Captaine of the whole army Gyllipus a Lacedaemonian aideth the Syracusans Gongylus a Corinthian Gylippus arriuall at Syracvsa Gongylus the Corinthian slaine Nicias good fortune chauÌ„ged Euthydemus and Menander chosen Captaines with Nicias Demosthenes arriuall at Syracvsa Demosthenes rashnes Nicias counsell vnto Demosthenes Demosthenes rashnes The slaughter of the Athenians as Syracusa The corage of Leo Bizantine The eclipse of the moone The eclipse of the moone not knoweÌ„ of long time Anaxagoras the first that wrote of the eclipse of the moone The Athenians do persecute the Philosophers Socrates put to death for Philosophy Dyon very skilfull in naturall causes Nicias ignorant of naturall causes The Syracusans ouercome the AtheniaÌ„s by sea The soothsayers do promise victory to the Syracusans The Athenians againe ouercome on the sea by the Syracvsans Nicias deceiued by Hermocrates The miserable state of the Athenians departing from Syracusa Nicias extreame misery Demosthenes taken of the Syracusans Nicias moueth treaty of peace Nicias army ouercome at the riuer of Asinarus Nicias words yelding him selfe vnto Gylippus Gylippus sheweth mercy to Nicias The Syracusans enter into the Syracusa with triumphe Asinarus feast The Captaines of the Athenians coÌ„demned to dye Gylippus a couetous man. Cleandrides condemned for extorcion Nicias and Demosthenes slue them selues Euripides verses saued many of the Athenians liues The AtheniaÌ„s doe torment the bringer of the newes of their ouerthrow Nicias foreshewed the miseries of the AtheniaÌ„s Marcus Crassus kinred youth Crassus couetousnes Crassius riches How Crassus came by his goodes Crassus saying of builders Crassus care about seruauntes VVhat belongeth to good husbandry and in whom it consistes Crassus iudgement who was a riche man. Archidamus saying of warre Crassus faâ—â—â— at his boâ—â—de Crassus eloquence Crassus flieth Marius and Cinna Vibius curtesie â—â—to Crassus Crassus came Crassus viage into Africke Crassus sent by Sylla into the contry of the Marsians The emulation beâ—â—â—â—â— Crassus and Pompey Sylla called Pompey Imperator Crassus tooke the city of Tvder The valliantnes of Crassus Crassus enuieth Pompey The Romanes called Pompey the great Crassus industry and cause of rising in the common wealth Three factioÌ„s at Rome Crassus inconstancies Sicinius prouerbe The warre of the bondmen called Spartacus warre The wit and behauior of Spartacus the chiefe Captaine of the bondemens warre Clodius a Romane Praetor sent against Spartacus with 3000 men Clodius the Preator ouercome of Spartacus Publius Varinus Praetor sent against Spartacus Spartacus victory of P. Varinus Gellius and Lentulus both Consulls sent against Spartacus Cassius ouercomen by Spartacus Crassus sent against Spartacus Mummius Crassus Lieutenant Mummius ouerthrowen by Spartacus The Romanes maner of punishinge cowardly souldiers Crassus wonderfull trench and wall A wonderfull nature of the water of the lake of Lucania Ambush laied by Crassus The valiaÌ„tnes of Spartacus souldiers Spartacus retyred to the mountaines of Petelie The noble corage of Spartacus Spartacus slaine Pompeyes triumphe for Spayne Ouatio see Marcellus life Crassus made Consull with Pompey Crassus great feasting of the people of Rome The dreame of Onatius Aurelius Crassus and Pompey made frendes Crassus Censor with Catulus Crassus suspected for Catilines conspiracie Crassus and Caesar confederates with Catiline Crassus Cicero as enemie Caesar reconciled Crassus and Pompey together Pompey Crassus and Caesar al three ioyned in frendshippe Pompey and Crassus did meete with Caesar at Luca Pompeyes stout aunswer Crassus modest aunswere Pompey made him selfe and Crassus Consulls by force Pompey and Crassus Consulls the second time Crassus had the gouernment of Syria Atteius the Tribune against Crassus departure Obseruations of cursinges among the Romanes Crassus iorney into Syria Deiotarus king of Galatia Crassus passeth ouer the riuer of Euphrates Zenodotia taken by Crassus Publius Crassus came to his father in Syria Great faultes committed by Crassus The first signes of Crassus ill luâ—ke This name of Arsaces or Arsacides was common to all the kings of the Parthians Ambassadors of the Parthians sent to Crassus Vagises words shewing Crassus the palme of his hande Hyrodes king of the Parthians Cassius treasorer vnder Crassus Crassus forewarned by the Soothsayers of his ill successe Artabazes king of Armenia came to Crassus campe VVonderfull signes and tokens to Crassus Crassus armie was fifty thousand men Ariamnes a Captaine of the Arabians Ariamnes deceiueth Crassus Surena and Sillaces Arsaâ—es Lieutenauntes Surena sent against Crassus Surena what he was Surenaes courte and traine Surena a young man but very wise Artabazes sent an Eâ—bassage vnto Crassus Crassus wilfulnes Crassus army against the Parthians Sureâ—â—s stratageame for the hiding of his great army Crassus battell with the Parthians The ParthiaÌ„s kettle droÌ„mes The person of Surena Generall of the Parthians described The ParthiaÌ„s fought veryrâ—ng The maner of the Parthians fight The praise of Censorinus Megabacchus The miserable fight of the Romanes against the Parthians Carres a city of Mesopotamia Ischnes a citie The death of Publius Crassus Crassus oration to his souldiers wiâ—â— his bare was full of sorrow Crassus an example of fortunes inconstancie Crassus flying Coponius Gouernor of Carres in Mesopotamia The valliantnes of twentie Romanes A stratageame of Surena Andromachus treason to Crassus The ParthiaÌ„s do noâ—refight by night Cassius gentle aunswere in the straightes The worthines of the Romane souldiers to their chiefetaine An other stratageame of Surena Surenaes crafty speeche to Crassus Crassus words to the Romanes going to his death Surenaes craft to Crassus Octauius slaine Crassus slaine The number of the Romanes that were slaine and taken Sureneth triumph of Crassus Aristides bookes intituled the Milesians AEsope wise saying
The description of Sureness army Crassus head brought to Hyrodes See the reward of craft and periury The miserable ende of king Hyrodes and Surena Hyrodes strangled by his sonne Nicias and Crassus richesse Lycurgus saying Nicias and Crassus actes in the commoÌ„ wealth The duetie of Gouernors Magistrates Nicias fearefulnes Themistocles and Catoes vertue Nicias honestie The diuersitie betwext Nicias and Crassus Nicias actes commended Crassus by his folly bleamished the happines of the Romanes Crassus death more commendable then Nicias end VVhy chalices of necessitie happen one like an other The townes where Homer was borne and dyed Foure famous Captaines that had but one eye a peace The praise of Sertorius The paretage of Sertorius Rhea the mother of Sertorius Sertorius eloquent Sertorius first souldierfare Sertorius souldierfare vnder Marius Sertorius Colonell of a thowsands footemen Castulo a city of the Celtiberians Sertorius stratageame Sertorius treasorer Generall of Gaule aboue the Poâ— Padua â—â— Sertorius lost one of his eyes by fight The occasion of Sertorius malice vnto Sylla Sertorius tooke parte with Cinna Sertorius disswaded Cinna to receiue Marius Sertorius temperance Sertorius slue Marius garde of bondmen Sertorius went into Spayne Sertorius curtesie to the Spanyardes Sertorius flieth out of Spayne into Africke The I le of Pityusa The fortunate Ilandes The Elysian fieldes Sertorius wan the citie of Tingis Antaeus tombe and greatnes Iuba of a kinges stocke Sertorius was sent for by the Lusitanians to be their Captaine Sertorius vertues and qualities Sertorius bountie and clemencie Sertorius fained lye of the hynde Sertorius army The army of this Romanes led by foure Captaines Sertorius victories This place may well be taken two wayes and either of both allowable according to the other is might be said to leade Romane citizens to the warres fighting like valliant men Sertorius warlike vertues Metellus practiseth to besiege the Langobrites and to take their city for lacke of water Sertorius finely deceiued Metellus at the siege of the Langobrites Sertorius ouerthew Aquinus Sertorius taught the Spanyards the maner of the Romanes The citie of Osca Sertorius subtill policies The Spanyards deuotion The Spanyards loue to Sertorius Perpenna ioyned with Sertorius Ebrus fâ— A fine deuise of Sertorius to teache men the benefit of time and perseuerance Sertorius wordes to his souldiers declaring thinâ—onâ— of his deuise The Characitanians what people they be Tagus fl Sertorius wonderfull deuise against the barbarous people called the Characitanians Sertorius dedes against Pompey Sertorius goeth to lay siege to the citie of Lauron Sertorius worthy saying of a Captaine Sertorius burnt the city of Lauron in Pompeis sight Sertorius of him selfe inuincible Battell betwext Sertorius Pompey Pompey fled Sertorius at Sucron Sertorius mocke to Pompey Sertorius slue Memmius Pompeis Lieutenaunte Shame turned into anger Sertorius bisieged of Pompey Metellus feared Sertorius Metellus made himselfe be called Imperator Metellus veâ—itie Sertorius noble minde Sertorius honorable respect vnto his contrie Sertorius minde greatest in aduersity Sertorious affection to his contrie Sertorius naturall loue to his mother Mithridates sent Ambassadors vnto Sertorius in Spayne Sertorius noble 〈…〉 to 〈…〉 their daâ—â—â— requests Sertorius worthy saying Sertorius league with Mithridates M. Marius sent vnto Mithridates King Mithridates gaue M. Marius Proconsull the vpper hand The enuie of Perpenna vnto Sertorius The seditious words of Perpenna against Sertorius Sertorius slew the Spanyards sonnes The treason of Perpenna his accomplices against Sertorius The treason deuised against Sertorius Sertorius modesty as his table The murder of Sertorius Perpenna taken by Pompey Pompeis wisedom in burning Sertorius letters Perpenna his conspirature put to death by Pompey Eumenes parentage How Eumenes came to preferrement by the kinges of Macedon Barsine the wife of Eumenes Eumenes made Gouernor of the contries of Cappadocia and Paphlagonia Eumenes skill in warre Eumenes dreams Battell betwext Eumenes and Craterus Craterus death Neoptolemus slaine Eumenes victory of Craterus and Neoptolemus Sardis the chiefe city of Lydia The constancy of Eumenes in aduersity Eumenes stratageame Eumenes talke with Antigonus and magnanimity Eumenes besieged in the forte of Nora Eumenes personage and pleasantnes Eumenes industry in the siege for marshall exercise This was Aridaus the sonne of Philippe father of Alexander whom they had surnamed Philippe Eumenes made king Philippes Lieutenaunt of his army Argyraspides Alexanders souldiers so called for their siluered shieldes Eumenes to temperance Eumenes fairred deuise Eumenes wilienesse to minde him selfe out of daunger Pasitigris fl Eumenes battell with Antigonus and victorie Antigonus souldiers armed with gilt armors Antigonus mocke to Eumenes Eumenes stratageame against Antigonus Enuy the coÌ„panion of vertue Eumenes death conspired Eumenes tare all his frendes letters to kepe them out of trouble The old band of the Macedonians were euery man 60 yeare old and most about Eumenes conflict with Antigonus Eumenes bestrayed by the Argyraspides The oration of Eumenes to the trailors Argyraspides his souldiers Antigonus aunswer for the keping of Eumenes being prisoner The noble minde of Eumenes The head of Eumenes The iust reward of treason The gouernment of Eumenes and Sertorius The deedes condition of Eumenes and Sertorius coÌ„pared Sertorius death more honest then the death of Eumenes The parentage of Agesilaus The instruction of Agesilaus Agesilaus learned to obey before he came to commaund The modestie of Agesilaus Agesilaus laments Alcibiades committeth adultery with kinge Agis wife Agesilaus created king through Lysanders meanes A lame king Agesilaus proclaimed king Leotychides a bastard Ephori were certaine officers authorised to coÌ„â—oâ—le the kinges insolency and iniustice if any were by them vsed Agesilaus an vprighter enemy than a frend VVhether attention among the nobility be profitable in a common wealth Agesilaus iorney into Asia Agesilaus dreame in Avlide Lysanders glory diminished Agesilaus grudge vnto Lysander See the life of Lysander Ambitious heades are very daungerous in a common wealth Agesilaus dedes in Asia and the falsehood of Tisaphernes Agesilaus crafe Sardis the chiefe city of Lydia Agesilaus victory of Tisaphernes Agesilaus made Generall of all the Lacedaemonians nauy Cotys king of Paphlagonia become Agesilaus frend Agesilaus draue Pharnabazus out of his temes The meeting of Agesilaus and Pharnabazus Agesilaus wordes vnto Pharnabazus Agesilaus to his frendes was without respect a frend Agesilaus letter in the behalfe of his frend Other read to haue pity and to be wise Agesilaus saying Agesilaus vertues Agesilaus sent for one of Asia Agesilaus obedience to his contrie Agesilaus darke speeches Agesilaus despising deceiuing the barbarous people returned home through their contries Agesilaus ouercome the Pharsalians Narthacium mens The eclipse of the sunne Pisander Generall of the 〈…〉 slaine in battell The Ilande of Gnidos Agesilaus battell with the Thebans Helicon mens The worthines of Agesilaus The temple of Minerua Itonian The constancy of Agesilaus Canathrum what it is Cleora the wife of king Agesilaus Apolia and Prolyta Agesilaus daughters
vnto the gods Darius army of tenne hundred thowsand fighting men against Alexander at the riuer of Euphrates The magnanimity of Alexander Alexanders third battell with Darius The armor of Alexander An Eagle flewouer Alexanders head when he went so fight with Darius The flying of Darius Alexanders third victory of Darius and liberalithe of all men * The strength and power of Nepina in the contry of Ecbatania VVhat Medaes enchantment was * In this place there lacke certaine lynes in the Greeks originall No lâ—â—e in the countrie of Babylon Tresure found by Alexander at the citie of Susa. * Is seemeth that he meaneth of silke dyed in purple whereof the best that was in Europe was made in the citie of Hermiona in Laconia Alexanders iorney into Persia. Alexander found a maruelous measure in Persia The insoleus boldnes of Thais the herles Persopolls set a fire by Alexander Alexanders prodigalitie reproued by his mother Olympias Alexander reproueth the finenes and curiositie of his frendes Alexander enemy to idlenes Alexanders care of his frendes and wonderfull curtesie towards them Alexander keps one eare for the condeÌ„med person Alexander would not pardon ill wordes spoken of him Alexanders painefull iorney in following of Darius The loue of Alexander to his souldiers and abstinence Alexander regarded not the spoyle of gold siluer in respect of pursuing his flying enemy The death of Darius The punishment and execution of Bessus The sea Hyrcanium or Caspium Alexander goeth after the maner of the Persians Some faultes are to be borne with in a man of great vertues Orexartes fl Alexander with one word of his mouth brought the Macedonians to obedience Alexander maried Roxane a Persian Quarrell betwext Hephaestion and Craterus VVhy Philotas was suspected and enuied of Alexander Limnus traizerously seeketh to kill Alexander Philotas and his father Partmenio put to death Antipater was affrayed of Alexander VVVhy Alexander slue Clitus Alexanders dreame of Clitus The malapertnes of Clitus against Alexander Alexander slue Clitus grieuously repented him Callisthenes and Anaxarchus do comfort Alexander The cause why Callisthenes was envyed Aristotle thought Callisthenes eloquent but not wise Callisthenes suspected of treasoÌ„ against Alexander Alexander offended with Aristotle The death of Callisthenes the rethoritian The iourney of Demaratus CorinthiaÌ„ vnto Alexander and his death Alexanders iourney into India Alexander burnt his cariages The crueltie of Alexander towardes his men A monsterous lamme appeared vnto Alexander A spring of oyle found by the riuer of Oxus Oyle refresheth wearynes The citie of Nisa Acuphis wise aunswer vnto Alexander King Taxiles talke with Alexander Alexanders aunswer to Taxiles Alexander dishonorably brake the peace he had made Alexanders actes against king Porus. Hydaspes fl The statute of king Porus. The quick-wit and catâ— of the ElephaÌ„t to saue the king his master Alexanders conquests in the Indiaes The death of Bucephal Alexanders horse Bucephalia a great citie built by Alexander apon the riuer of Hydaspes why so named Peritas Alexanders dogge Ganges fl Gangaridae and Prosij people of India Alexanders returne out of India Alexanders vaine deuises to make him selfe immortall King Androcottus Alexander in daunger at the citie of the Mallians The wise men of India Alexanders questions propounded to the ten Philosophers of India Alexander rewarded the ten wise men and did let them goe Onesicritus a Philosopher Calanus other wise called Sphines Dandamis Calanus a wise man of India The 〈…〉 of a kingdom shewed by a peece of leather Psitulcis an Iland Alexanders nauie in the sea Oceanum Alexanders armie going in to India Sheepe fed with fishe The contry of Gedrosia The contry of Carmania The riot of Alexanders souldiers The citie of Thapsacus The prouinces conquered by Alexanders rebelled against him The death of Polymachus Pelleian Calanus the Indian did sacrifice him selfe aliue Alexander made men drinke to wyn a game and price The Macedonians maried vnto the Persians The wonderfull giftes of Alexander Alexander payed the soldiers dets Antigenes with one eye a valiant Captaine banished the court for making a lye Thirty thowsand boyes of the Persians taught the discipline of wars by Alexanders commauÌ„dement The clemencie and liberalitie of Alexander vnto his soldiers The death of Hephaestion Alexanders sorow for the death of Hephaestion Stasicrates an excellent image maker Diuers signes before Alexanders death Alexander feared Antipater Alexander fell sicke of an agew Arsitobulus report of the sicknes and death of Alexander The death of Alexander the great Aristotle suspected for the poysoning of Alexander Statira slaine by Roxane Aridaeus Alexanders bastard brother Caesar ioyned with Cinna Marius Caesar tooke sea and went vnto Nicomedes king of Bithynia Caesar taken of pirate Iunius Praetor of Asia Caesar eloquence Caesar loued hospitalitie Caesar a follower of the poeple Ciceroes iudgement of Caesar. The loue of the people in Rome was Caesar. Caesar chosen Tribunus militum Caesar made the funerall oration at the death of his aunt Iulia. Caesar the first that praised his wife in funerall oration Caesar made Questor Pompeia Caesars third wife Caesars prodigality Caesar accused to make a rebellion in the state The death of Metellus chiefe Bishop of Rome Caesar made chiefe Bishop of Rome Caesar suspected to be coÌ„federate with Catiline in his conspiracy Caesar went about to deliuer the conspirators Catoes oration against Caesar. The loue of P. Clodius vnto Pompeia Caesars wife The good goddesse what she was and her sacrifices Clodius taken in the sacrifices of the good goddesse Clodius accused for prophaning the sacrifices of the good goddesse Caesar putteth away his wife Pompeia Clodius quit by the Iudges for prophaning the sacrifices of the good goddesse Caesar Praetor of Spaine Crassus surety for Caesar to his creditors Caesars actes in Spayne Caesar order betwext the creditor and detter Caesar souldiers called him Imperator Caesar reconÌ„cileth Pompey and Crassus together Catoes foresight and prophecy Caesars first Consulship with Calphurnius Bibulus Caesars lawes Lex agraria Caesar maried his daughter Iulia vnto Pompey Caesar maried Calphurnia the daughter of Piso. Pompey by force of armes authorised Caesars lawes Caesar sent Cato to prison Caesar by Clodius draue Cicero out of Italy Caesar a valliant souldier and a skillfull Captaine Caesars conquestes in Gaule The loue and respect of Caesars souldiers vnto him The wonderfull valliantnes of Acilius Cassius Scaua diuers others of Caesars souldiers Granius Petronius Caesar had the falling sickenes The temperance of Caesar in his dyet Caesar ciuilitie not to blame his frend The Tigurinians slaine by Labienus Arax fl Caesar refused his horse wheÌ„ he sought a battell The Heluetians slaine by Caesar. Rheynus fl Caesar made warre with king Ariouistus The wise women of Germany how they did foretell thinges to come King Ariouistus ouerthrowen by Caesar. The Belgae ouercome by Caesar. Neruij the slowtest warriers of all the Belgae The Neruij slaine by Caesar The great Lordes of Rome come to Luca to Caesar Ipes
Tenterides people of Germany Caesars horsemen put to flight The Ipes and Tenterides slaine by Caesar Sicambri a people of the Germaines Caesar made a bridge ouer the riuer of Rheyn Caesars iorney into England The death of Iulia Caesars Daughter The rebellion of the Gaules Cotta and Titurius with their armie slaine Caesar slue the Gaules led by Ambiorix The second rebellion of the Gaules against Caesar. Vercingentorix Captaine of the rebells against Caesar. * Some say that in this place is to be redde in the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is the riuer Saone The Hedul rebell against the Romanes * Sequani Vercingentorix ouerthrowen by Caesar. The seege of Alexia Caesars daunger and wise policie Caesars great victorie at Alexie Alexia yelded vp to Caesar The discord betwixt Caesar and Pompey and the cause of the ciuill warres Caesars crassines The peoples voices bought at Rome for money Pompey gouerned Spain and Africk Caesar sueth the second time to be coÌ„sul and to haue his gouernment proroged Caesar bribeth the Magistrates at Rome Pompey abused by slauerers Caesars requests vnto the Senate Antonius Curio Tribunes of the people fly from Rome to Caesar Caesars doubtfull thoughts at the riuer of Rubicon The Greeke vseth this phrase of speech cast the dye Caesar tooke the citie of Arminum Caesars damnable dreame Rome in vprore with Caesars comming Pompey flyeth from Rome Labienus forsooke Caesar and fled to Pompey Domitius escaped from Caesar fled to Pompey Pompey flyeth into Epirus Silent leges inter arma Caesar taketh money out of the temple of Saturne Caesars iorney into Spayne against Pompeys Lieuetenants Caesar Dictator Caesar and Isauricus Consulls Caesar goeth into the kingdom of Epirus Complaints of the olde souldiers against Caesar. A great aduenture of Caesar. Anius â—â— Caesars daungers troubles in the Realme of Epirus Caesars armie fled from Pompey Caesars wordes of Pompeys victory Caesar troubled in mind after his losse Pompeys determination for the warre Pompey called Agamemnon and king of kings The citie of Gomphes in Thessaly Pompeys dreame in Pharsalia The securitie of the Pompeians Pompeys armie at great againe as Caesars A wonder seene in the element before the battell in Pharsalia Caesars armie and his order of battell in the fieldes of Pharsalia Pompeys army and his order of battell An ill counsel and fowle fault of Pompey The battell in the fieldes of Pharsalia Caesars strategeme Caesar ouercommeth Pompey Pompeys flight Brutus that slue Caesar taken prisoner at the battell of Pharsalia Signes tokens of Caesars victory A straunge tale of Cornelius an excellent Prognosticatos Caesars clemeÌ„cy in victory The cause of Caesars warre in Alexandria Pothinus the Euenuke caused Pompey to be slayne Cleopatra came to Caesar Cleopatra trussed vp in a mattresse and so brought to Caesar vpon Apollodorus backe The great library of Alexandria burnt Caesars swimming with bookes in his hand Caesar made Cleopatra Queene of AEgypt Caesarion Caesars sonne begotteÌ„ of Cleopatra Caesars victorie of king Pharnaces Caesar wyteth three wordes to certifie his victory Caesars iorney into Africke against Cato and Scipio Caesars troubles in Africke Alga and dogges tooth geuen to the horse to eate Caesars daungers in Africke Caesars great victorie and small losse Caesar trobled with the falling sickenes Caesar was sory for the death of Cato Caesar wrote against Cato being dead Cicero wrote a booke in praise of Cato being dead Iuba the sonne of king Iuba a famous historiographer Caesars feasting of the Romanes The muster taken of the Romanes Caesar Consull the fourth time Battell fought betwext Caesar and the young Pompeyes by the city of Mvnda Caesars victory of the sonnes of Pompey Caesar triumphe of Pompeis sonnes Caesar Dictator perpetuall The temple of clemency dedicated vnto Caesar for his curtesie Cassius and Brutus Praetors Caesars saying of death Good will of subiectes the best gard and safety for Palaces Caninius Rebilius Consull for one day Anienes Tiber flu Caesar reformed the inequality of the yeare * Mercedonius mensis intercularis VVhy Caesar was hated The feast Lipercalia Antonius being Consull was one of the Lupercalians Antonius presented the Diadeame to Caesar. Caesar saued Marcus Brutus life after the battell of Pharsalia Brutus conspireth against Caesar. Cassius stâ—roeth vp Brutus against Caesar. Predictions foreshewes of Caesars death Caesars day of his death prognosticased by a Soothsayeth The dreame of Calpurnia Caesars wife Decius Brutus Albinus perswasion to Caesar. Decius Brutus brought Caesar into the Senate house The tokens of the conspiracy against Caesar. The place where Caesar was slaine Antonius Caesars faithfull frend Casca the first that strake at Caesar. Caesar slaine and had 23. wounds apon him The murtherers of Caesar doe goe to the Capitall Caesars funeralls Cinnaes dreame of Caesar. The murther of Cinna Caesar 56. yere olde at his death The reuenge of Caesars death Cassius being ouerthrowen at the battell of Philippes slue himselfe with the selfe same sword wherewith he strake Caesar. VVonders seene in the element after Caesars death A great Comet Brutus vision A spirit appeared vnto Brutus The second appearing of the spirit vnto Brutus Demades arrogaÌ„t saying The power of vertue and fortune Aduersitie maketh men hasty Ciceroes saying of Cato the common wealth at Rome Catoes plaine maner became not the corrupt and suretie time The parâ—â—age of Phocion Phocion neuer wept nor laughed Phocions maners VVherein excellencie of speech consifieth Phocions first souldier saâ—e The victory of Chabrias and Phocion in the I le of Naxos Phocions notable sayings Aristogiton a Sycophant coward Phocion called by surname goâ—â— Phocions iorney into Euboâ—a Phocion perswadeth his Captaines to suffer the musinous souldiers cowards to depart the campe Phocions victory in Eubâ—â—a Phocion saued the citie of Byzantium PhocioÌ„ draws Philip out of Hellespont Phocion ioyned Megara vnto Athens To reioyce at any mans hurt sheweth a base mind vile nature Alexander pacified with the Athenians by Phocions meanes Phocions vertue and integrity refusing of Alexanders money Phocions house and wiues Phocus Phocions sonne what he was Phocion despiseth Harpalus money Phocion refused to defend his sonne in law in an ill cause Phocions victory of the Macedonians The Graecians ouercomeÌ„ by Antipater Phocion Ambassador vnto Antipater Xenocrates authoritie Xenocrates despised of Antipater Presages of the miseries of the Athenians The crueltie of Antipater Phocion refuseth Menyllus giftes Phocion loued pouertie The insolencie of Demades the Orator Cassander king Antipaters sonne The 〈…〉 end of Demades Polyperchon Generall of the armie of the Macedonians Polyperchon conspiracie against Phocion Nicanor to receiue then to offer an iniury Alexander the sonne of Polyperchon practiseth treason against the Athenians Phocion accused of treason Polyperchon did put Dinarchus to death Phocion sent prisoner to Athens to be condemned The furie of the Athenians against Phocion The crueltie of the Athenians vnto Phocion Phocion condemned to death The constancy and corage of Phocion being condemned
to dye Phocion gaue money to be put to death Phocions funeralls The percentage of Cato Liuius Drusus Catoes vncle Catoes maners VVhy quicke wits haue neuer good memorie Sarpedo Catoes scholemaister Catoes austeritie The maruelous constancie of Cato when he was a child Syllaes loue vnto Cato being but a boy Catoes hate being a boy against a tyran Catoes loue to his brother Antipater the Stoicke Catoes schoolemaister Catoes act for Basilica Porcia Catoes exercises Catoes drinking Ciceroes saying of Cato Catoes mariages Attilia Catoes wife Lelius mariage Catoes first souldierfare in the ware of the bondmen Cato chosen Tribunus milâ—â—an Howe Cato trained his men made them valliant The loue of vertue from whence it proceedeth Athenodorus the stoicke Catoes frend The death of Caepio Catoes brother Catoes mourning for his brother Capioes death * It seemeth to be mens of Caesar which wrote the booke called Anticaten Catoes iorney into Asia Catoes modestie A laughing matter hapned vnto Cato Demetrius a slaue great with Pompey Cato honored of Pompey in Asia Pompey rather suspected Cato then leued him Catoes iorney vnto king Deiotarus and his abstinence 〈…〉 gisu Cato made Quaestor Catulus Luctatius what he was Cato made the Quaestorshippe of great dignity Cato was reuenged of Syllaes bloody murthers Catoes notable leauing of his office Catoes care and imegritie to the commoÌ„ wealth Catoes minde and determination to take charge in the commoÌ„ wealth Cato draue Clodius out of Rome The authoritie and credit of Cato Cato tooke Philosophers with him wheÌ„ he went into the country The office authoritie of the Tribune what it is Catoes Tribuneship Cicero definded Muraena against his accuser Cato The conspiracie of Catilin against Rome Catoes oraetion against Caesar touching Catilins conspiracie Cicero taught them how to write briefly by notes and figures Cato vnfortunate in his wiues Martia Catoes wife Platoes felowship and communitie of women Cato perswaded corne to be distributed vnto the people Cato resisteth Metellus tribune of the people Iulius Caesar Praetor Catoes noble courage and constancie Catoes doings of Lucullus Cato resisteth Pompey Cato refuseth allyance with Pompey Lex agraria The allyance and friendship betwixt Caesar and Pompey Cicero by his oration brake Catoes stifnes Cato committed to prison by Caesar. P. Clodius Tribune of the people The crafty iugling betwixt Caesar and Pompey with P. Clodius Cato sent Ambassador into Cyprus Ptolomy king of AEgypt goeth vnto Cato Catoes diligence about money in Cyprus The enuy betwixt Cato Munatius To much loue oftentymes causeth hate Money gotten together by Cato in Cyprus Cato receiued into Rome with great honor of all the people VVhy Cato sued to be Praetor Cato put from the Praetorship by Pompey Cato was against the law for the prouinces of Pompey and Crassus Cato foreshewed Pompey the things which happened vnto him by Caesar Cato chosen Praetor Cato preserved a law for vnlawfull bribing The power of iustice M. Faonius Catoes frend Cato doth set forth the playes for Faonius AEdilis Catoes wise counsell for playes Pompey was created sole Consull by Catoes sentence Cato sued to be Consull to resist Caesar. Cato was denied the Consulshippe Cicero blameth Cato Catoes opinion against Caesar. Cato inueyeth against Caesar. Cato prognosticated Caesars tyrannie Cato followeth Pompey Caesar reproueth Catoes couetousnes Cato is sent into Sicile Cato leaueth Sicile Catoes law as in Pompeys army VVhy Pompey chaunged his minde for the gouernment of the army by sea VVhy Pompey left Cato at Dyrrachivm Cato saueth Ciceroes life from Pompeis sonne Cato went into Africke Psilles be men which heale the stinging of serpents * Men in olde time bathed and washed them selues then laied them downe in their bed to suppe The modestie and noble minde of Cato Cato ioyneth with Scipio in Africke Cato was made Gouernor of the city of Vtica Scipio despiseth Catoes counsell Catoes constancy in extremity Catoes 〈…〉 vnto the Romanes at Vtica The equity of Cato Cato forsaken of three hundred Romane marchant at Vtica Catoes pitie and regard vnto the Senators Cato an earnest suter for the Senators The sinceritie of Cato Catoes minde vnconquerable Cato reproueth the ambition of man. Statilius a follower of Cato Cato would not haue pardon begged of Caesar for him Cato forbad his sonne to meddle with matters of State in a corrupt time The paradoxes of the Stoicks Platoes dialogue of the soule Catoes last wordes vnto the Philosophers his frends Cato considered his sworde wherewith he killed him selfe The death of Cato Catoes funeralls Caesars saying vnto Cato the dead The sonne of Cato what conditions he had Psyche signifieth mind The death of Porcia the Daughter of Cato the youÌ„ger and wife of Brutus The death of Statilius The fable of Ixion against ambitious persons Theophrastus for the praise of vertue Immoderat praise very daungerous Phocions saying The fable of the Dragons head and taile Plutarch excuseth the Gracchi The lynage of Agis The lynage of Leonidas Aristodemus tyrant of Megalipolis Leonidas brought superfluitie and excesse into Sparta The continency of Agis The first beginning of the Lacedaemonians fall from their auncient discipline Lycurgus the â—ra for partition of landes broken by Epitadeus law Epitadues law for deuise of landes by will. Agis goeth about to reduce the common wealth of heer auncient estate How louing the Lacedamonians were vnto their wiues Agis law Pasiphaé the Daughter of Atlas Agis maketh his goods common Leonidas resisteth king Agis King Leonidas accused by Lysander Leonidas deprived of his kingdome Leonidas flyeth vnto Tegea King Agis deceiued by Agesilaus New lawes stablished by the Lacedaemonians Aratus generall of the Achaians King Agis iorney into AchaiaÌ„ King Agis gaue place vnto Araetus King Leonidas returneth from â—â—ile into Sparta The naturall loue of Chelonis Leonidas daughter vnto her father and husband The oration of Chelonis the Daughter of Leonidas The banishment of king Cleombrotus The great vertue and loue of Chelonis to her husband Cleombrotus Amphares betrayed king Agis King Agis caried vnto prison There the reuerent regard of the heatheÌ„ vnto the person of a king abhorring in lay violens handes vpon him King Agis her mother grandmother all three straÌ„gled The enemies did not willingly kill any king of Lacedaemon Here beginneth Cleomenes life Cleomenes the sonne of Leonidas Agiatis the Daughter of Gylippus and wife to king Agis Agiatis king Agis wife maryed vnto Cleomenes Sphaerus a Philosopher of Borysthenes Cleomenes did set the Lacedaemonians and Achaians together by the eares Cleomenes iorney into the contry of the Argiues The victorie of Cleomenes against Aratus The saying of the kings of Lacedaemon touching their enemies Archidamus king Agis brother slaine Lysiadas slaine Cleomenes victorie of the Achaians Lysiadas tyranne of Megalopolis gaue ouer his tyrannie and made it a popular state The dreame of one of the Ephores Cleomenes siue the Ephores Diuers teÌ„ples at Sparta of feare death such other fancies The valliantest men are most
affrayed or offend the law The chappell of feare ioyned to the halle of the Ephores The oration of king Cleomenes touching the first originall of the Ephores Asteropus the first man that gaue authority to the Ephores Cleomenes reformeth the state of the coÌ„mon wealth of Lacedaemon Cleomenes inuadeth the borders of the Megalopolitans King Cleomenes the teacher and example of temperancy Cleomenes moderate dyet Cleomenes curteous entertainment at his bord Cleomenes leadeth his army against Aratus and the Achaians The victory of Cleomenes against the Achaians Aratus treason to his contrie Cleomenes winneth the citie of Argos King Pyrrhus slaine at the citie of Argos The force of Lycurgus laâ—es The Argiues doe rebell against Cleomenes Cleomenes lost the citie of Corinthe Cleomenes lost the citie of Argos The death of Agiatis king Cleomenes wife The noble minde of Cratesiclea Cleomenes mother Cleomenes sendeth his mother and children hostages vnto Ptolomy king of AEgypt Cleomenes wanne the citie of Megalipolis Cleomenes noble saying Cleomenes rased the citie of Megalipolis Cleomenes stratageame A wise Captaine should not rashly put him selfe in hazard The moderacion of Cleomenes to his enemies Money the sinewe of warres The saving of Archidamus Cleomenes ouercomen by Antigonus for lacke of money to pay his souldiers The power of fortune Battell betwixt Cleomenes and Antigonus at Selasia The treason of Demoteles Cleomenes ouerthrowen by Antigonus Antigonus wanne the citie of Sparta The death of Antigonus the sonne of Demetrius king of Macedon Cleomenes flieth out of Peloponnesus The oration of Therycion vnto Cleomenes against death Cleomenes oration of death VVilling death must haue honorable respect Cleomenes flieth into AEgypt vnto king Ptolomy Cleomenes vertue Nicagoras Messenian an enemy to Cleomenes Cleomenes committed to prison to Alexandria Cleomenes practiseth to kill king Ptolomy The ende and death of Cleomenes and his friendes The corage of Panteas Cleomenes hanging vpon a crosse had a Serpent wreathed about his head Liuing things breeding of the corruption of dead beasts VVhy the Dragon is coÌ„secrated vnto Princes The worthines of Tiberius Gracchus the father Tiberius Gracchus the father maried Cornelia the Daughter of Scipio AfricaÌ„ The tender loue of Tiberius to his wife Cornelia The praise of Cornelia mother of the Gracchi A true description of Tiberius Caivs Gracchi Tiberius made Augures Tiberius maried Appius Clodius daughter Tiberius Gracchus souldierfare Tiberius Gracchus chosen Quaestor Tiberius Graecehus coÌ„cludeth peace with the Numantines The peace broken with the Nvmantines VVhy Tiberius preferred the Law Agraria Iugera VVhy Caius Laelius was called the wise Tiberius Graecchus chosen Tribune of the people Counsellers so Tiberius for preferring the law Lex Agraria Tiberius oration Marcus Octauius Tribune did with stand Tiberius lawe The modest contention betwixt Tiberius and Octauius Tiberius deposeth Octauius of his Tribuneship Tiberius preserveth the law Agraria King Attalus made the people of Rome his heire Tiberius law for deuiding of Attalus money Titus Annius a suttell questioner and aunswerer of thinges The oration of Tiberius Gracchus touching the power and authoritie of the Tribune Other lawes made by Tiberius Gracchus Vnluckie signes vnto Tiberius Flauius Flaccus beâ—raieth the conspiracy against Tiberius Nasica doth set apon Tiberius Gracchus Tiberius Gracchus the Tribune slaine Tiberius frends slaine The cruell death of Caius Billius Nasica chiefe Bishoppe of Rome Scipioes sentence of the death of Tiburius Gracchus Caius Gracchus maners Caius Gracchus Quastar in Sardinia Caius Gracchus vision and dreame Caius Gracchus returneth out of Sardinia vnto Rome Caius Gracchus Tribune of the people Caius Gracchus Lawes Cornelia mother of the Gracchi honored of the people of Rome Other lawes preferred by Caius Gracchus Caius Gracchus power Other lawes of Caius Gracchus The Italian myle conteineth eight furlong Caius Gracchus chosen Tribune the second time Liuius Drusus one of the Tribunes Lawes preferred by Liuius Drusus Liuius Drusus pacifieth the people against the Senate Fuluius Commissioner with Caius a verie seditious man. The death of Scipio African the lesse Vnluckie signes appearing vnto Caius This man is named afterwardes Opimius Caius Gracchus fell out with the Tribunes Caius Gracchus repulsed from the third Tribuneship Sedition betwext Caius Gracchus the Senate Antillius C. Gracchus sergeaunt slaine An ordinance made by the Senate against C. Gracchus The people defended C. Gracchus The words of Licinis to her husband Caius Gracchus Fuluius sent his sonne to the Consull with a Heraulds rodde to offer peace The death of Fuluius and his eldest sonne The flight of Caius The faithfulnes of Caius Gracchus seruaunt The temple of concord built by Opimius the Consul Opimius the first Consul vsurping the power of the Dictator Opimius bribed with money of Iugurthe and condemned The Gracchi were maruelously desired of the people The magnanimity of Cornelia the mother of the Gracchi The power of learning to ouercome sorow The wisedom of the Gracchi The Actes of the Gracchi did litle profit Rome The ende of the Gracchi vnfortunate The deedes of the Gracchi The faultes of the Gracchi True happines consisteth in the minde and manners of man not in any place or contry Expedient for an Historiographer to be in a famous citie Plutarkes coÌ„try very litle Demosthenes coÌ„pared with Cicero The parentage of Demosthenes The patrimony lese Demosthenes Demosthenes why he was called Battalus Demosthenes why surnamed Argas Calistratus the Orator The earnest desire of Demosthenes to learne eloquence Isaeus Demosthenes schole master of Rethoricke Demosthenes first practise in drawing penning of orations A remedie for the paine of splene Demosthenes mocked of the people for his long orations Demosthenes impediments of nature Demosthenes celler Demosthenes seldom pleaded on the suddein Demosthenes in his oration studieth to please the people Demosthenes terrified Lamachus in his oration 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The naturall eloquence of Demades the Orator Theophrastus iudgement of Orators Phocion called the axe of Demosthenes orations Demosthenes by industry reformeth his defects of nature Demosthenes countenance and gesture misliked of the nobilitie Demosthenes witty answers The time of Demosthenes comming to practice in the assayres of the state Displeasure betwixt Demosthenes and Midias Demosthenes an enemy to the Macedonians The constancy of Demosthenes defended against Theopompus Note the inconstancy and suttell euasion of these Orators Demosthenes preferreth honesty as a special rule in his orations Demosthenes a timerous man and giuen to bribes Demosthenes franke speech in his orations Demosthenes orations which were true and which false Demosthenes doings against Philip. Demosthenes stirreth vp Graece against the Macedonians Demosthenes force of eloquence ioyned the Thebans with the Athenians and wanne them from Philippe king of Macedon The ouerthrow of the Graecians foreshewed as Chaeronea by signes and auncient oracles The riuer of Thermodon or Haemon in the contry of Chaeronea Another opinion of Thermodon Demosthenes flieth from the battell Demosthenes word and deuise vpon his shield Demosthenes corrected with money of
make their slaues dronke The cause of describing the liues of the wicked Plato of vertue and vice Demetrius parentage The death of Philip the younger brother of Demetrius Demetrius baâ—â—ie Demetrius maners Demetrius loue to his father A king can abide no equall The sport of the East kings was to kill their owne children wiues and mothers Demetrius curtesie Antigonus dreame Demetrius saueth Mithridates life Mithridates king of Poni * Bicause he sayd that loue and discord were euer the efficient causes of generation and corruption of all thinges Enmitie betwixt Antigonus and Ptolomy Demetrius generall to Antigonus against Ptolomy Demetrius ouerthrowen in battaile by Ptolomy The bountifulnes of Ptolomy the Conqueror vnto Demetrius conquered Demetrius victorie of Ptolomy Demetrius thankefulnes vnto Ptolomy Demetrius inuaded Arabia Demetrius inuadeth Mesopatamia Antigonus Demetrius do goe about to set Graece at libertie Demetrius Phalerian gouernor of Athens for Cassander Demetrius restoreth the Athenians to their liberties Demetrius Antigonus honoreth Demetrius Phalerius Demetrius daunger for lechery Demetrius winneth the city of Megara and restoreth it to her libertie Stilpo a famous Philosopher in Megara Stilpoes sayings vnto Demetrius Demetrius restoreth the Athenians to their lawes libertie Democrasias popular gouernment Oligarchias the gouernment of a fewe Too much honors decreed to Demetrius by the Athenians The boldnes of Stratocles Athenian Scratocles cruell saying The moneth of Munychion altered called Demetrion for the honor of Demetrius name VVonders Hemlocke the vsuall erbe with the iâ—yâ— whereof they poysoned offenders at Athens Philippides the Poet. Philippides notable aunswer vnto king Lysimachus not desiring to heare his secrets Demetrius maried unto Eurydice at Athens Demetrius had many wiues together Phila Demetrius wife Antipaters Daughter Craterus widdow The iudgemeÌ„t of marriage obedience Battell by sea in the I le of Cyprus betwixt Demetrius Antigonus and Ptolomy Demetrius victorye of Ptolomy Lamia the famous Curtisan taken by Demetrius vpon the defeating of Ptolomy Salamina yelded vp to Demetrius Aristodemus a notorious flatterer in Antigonus Court. The first time Antigonus Demetrius were called kinges Note the force of flattery by Aristodemus Milasian Antigonus Demetrius iorney against Ptolomy Medius dreame Antigonus mirth with his sonne Demetrius A straunge custom of the Scythians in their dronkennes Demetrius a skilfull Captaine and an excellent Shipwright Sundry delights of Princes Demetrius wonderfull workes Demetrius beseged Rhodes The description of Demetrius greatest engine of battery called Elepolis Two armors made of notable temper by Zoilus an 〈…〉 Alcimus Albanian were an armor of six score pouÌ„d weight The discourtesie of the Rhodians The great courtesie of the Athenians vnto king Philip Protogenes borne in the citie of Caunus an excellent paynter Protogenes table of the citie of Ialysus greatly commended by Apelles himselfe Demetrius concludeth peace with the Rhodians Demetrius victories in Graece Antigonus shame fastnes Demetrius â—antonnesse The names of Demetrius Curtisans Demetrius iorney into Peloponnesus Demetrius maried Deidamia king Phyrrbus sister châ—â—â—ged the name of the citie of Sicyone and called it Demetriade Demetrius chosen generall of all Graece Demetrius pride Philippides verses against Stratocles the boaster Demetrius prodigall gift of 250. talents to his Curtisans to buy them sope Lamia made Demetrius a supper of her owne cost Lamia Elepolis The saying of Demo a Curtisan touching Lamia Demetrius A prety sute commenced vpon a louers dreame and the iudgement reuersed by Lamia the Curtisan The suttelrye of Lamia reuersing Bocchoris Seniece The conspiracy of the kings against Antigonus Antigonus his enemies armie Demetrius dreame and signes Demetrius vpon the first onset made Antiochus the sonne of Seleucus flie Ouerrashly chasting the enemies he lost his victorie and was ouercome The death of king Antigonus Demetrius flight The vnfaithfulnes of the Athenians towards Demetrius Ouer great honors are signes of vnconstant frendship Seleucus requireth Stratonice Demetrius daughter in mariage Plistarchus the brother of Cassander at that time Gouernor of Cilicia Demetrius inuadeth Cilicia Seleucus marieth Stratonice Demetrius daughter The death of Deidamia Demetrius wife Demetrius marieth Ptolemaide Ptolomies daughter Dissention betwext Demetrius and Seleucus Platoes saying of riches Demetrius iorney against the AtheniaÌ„s The Athenians doe yeelde vnto Demetrius A rare deuise of Epicurus at the straight siege of Athens to kepe his schollers aliue with beanes Demetrius clemency vnto the Athenians Demetrius iorney against the Lacedaemonians Demetrius variable fortune Demetrius misfortunes Great dissertion and strife for the realme of Macedon after the death of Cassander Antipater Alexander the sonnes of Cassander Demetrius invadeth Macedon VVyles betwext Alexander and Demetrius Demetrius killeth Alexander the sonne of Cassander Demetrius proclaimed king of Macedon Antiochus the sonne of Seleucus maried his mother in law Stratonice with his fathers good will. Erasistratus Phisitian to Seleucus Erasistratus the Phisitians care to finde out the young Prince Antiochus loue Sappho describeth the signes and tokens of a passioned louer Seleucus loue vnto his sonne Antiochus The citie of Thebes yeelded vnto Demetrius Hieronymus the historiographer Demetrius Lieutenant * Corne unnethly distributed to the souldiers as their wages Demetrius iorney against Pyrrhus Demetrius insolencie Demetrius cloke drawen with the figure of the world and starres The plaine aunswere of the Ambassador of Sparta vnto Demetrius Axius â—â— The praise of king Philips curtesie The bolde speache of a poore woman to king Philip The chiefest office of a king Demetrius called a Fortgainer Demetrius armie preparacion for the recouering of his realme againe Ptolomyâ—â— wonderfull galley of forty bankes of owers Three kings Seleucus Ptolomy and Lysimachus conspired against Demetrius Demetrius armie forsaketh him and goeth to Pyrrhus Phila Demetrius wife poysoneth her selfe Demetrius straunge fortune Demetrius miserie from Princely happines Crates the Philosopher deliuereth Athens from Demetrius siege Demetrius marieth Ptolemaide Demetrius troubles in Asia Plague by ill meate Demetrius famine Patrocles stirreth vp Seleucus against Demetrius Desprate men are not to be sought with Amanus â—â—â— Demetrius dispairing of his good successe an emâ—â—eth to assault Seleucus by night Demetrius army forsooke him and yelded them selves to Seleucus Demetrius flyeth from Seleucus Demetrius yeldeth him selfe vnto Seleucus Demetrius kept as a prisoner in Syria by Seleucus The naturall loue of Antigonus to his father Demotrius Demetrius turned his captiuitie into pleasure The death of Demetrius in Cherronasus The funeralls of Demetrius Xenophantus a famous musition Demetrius posteritie Perseus king of Macedon the last king of Macedon came of the posteritie of Demetrius Antonius pareneage * Bicause that by his death he ended the warre which he vnfortunately made against those of Creta The liberalitie of Antonius father Iulia the mother of M. Antonius Antonius corrupted by Curio Antonius vsed in his pleading the Asiatik phrase Antonius bad charge of horsemen vnder Gabinius Proconsul going into Syria Antonius acts against Aristobulus Antonius tooke Aristobulus prisoner
then power to ayde him The army power of Octauius Caesar against Antonius Antonius dominions Octauius Caesars dominions Antonius we which ruled by Cleopatra Antonius rode at anker at the head of ActioÌ„ where the citie of Nicopolis standeth * The grace of this taâ—â—â—it can not properly be expressed in any other tongue bicause of the equivocation of this word Toryne which signifieth citie Albania and also a Ladell to scoome the pot with as if she ment Caesar sat by the fire side scomming of the pot Domitius forsaketh Antonius goeth vnto Octauius Caesar. Amyntas and Deiotarus do both reuolt from Antonius and goe vnto Caesar. Antonius in daunger of taking as Actâ—um Antonius regardeth not the good counsell of his souldier Battel by sea as Actium betwixt Antonius and Caesar. A lucky signe vnto Octauius Caesar. Eutychus Nicon fortunate Conquerer Cleopatra flyâ—th The soule of a louer liueth in another body Antonius flyeth after Cleopatra Antonius lycenceth his friends to depart and giueth there a shippe loden with gold and siluer Antonius nauy ouerthrowen by Caesar. Antonius legions doe yeld them selues vnto Octauius Caesar Lucilius spokâ— of in Brutus life The fidelitie of Lucilius vnto Antonius The wonderful attempt of Cleopatra Antonius followeth the life and example of TimoÌ„ Misanthropus the Athenian Plato Aristophanes testimony of Timon Misanthropus what he was The epitaphe of Timon Misanâ—hropus Antonius rioting in Alexandria after his great losse ouerthrew Toge virilis Antillus the eldest sonne of Antonius by his wife Fuluia An order erected by Antonius and Cleopatra called Synapothanumenon reuoking the former called Amimetobion Cleopatra verie busie in prouing the force of poyson The property of the biting of an Aspick Antonius and Cleopatra send Ambassadors vnto Octauius Caesar Alexas treason iustly punished Pelusium was yeelded vp to Octauius Caesar. Cleopatraes monuments set vp by the temple of Isis. Straunge noises heard and nothing seene Antonius nauie doe yeeld them selues vnto Caesar. Antonius ouerthrowen by Octauius Caesar. Cleopatra flieth into her tombe or monument Eros Antonius seruant slue him selfe Antonius did thrust his sword into him selfe but died not presently Antonius caried vnto Cleopatraes tombe A lamentable sight to see Antonius and Cleopatra The death of Antonius Octauius Caesar lamenteth Antonius death Proculeius sent by Octauius Caesar to bring Cleopatra aliue Cleopatra taken Caesar tooke the citie of Alexandria Caesar greatly honored Arrius the Philosopher Philostratus the eloquentest Orator in his time for present speech vpon a sodaine Antyllus Antonius eldest sonne by Fuluia slaine The saying of Arrius the Philosopher CaesarioÌ„ Cleopatraes sonne put to death Cleopatra burieth Antonius Olympus Cleopatraes Phisition Caesar came to see Cleopatra Cleopatra a martired creature through her owne fassion and fury Seleucus out of Cleopatraes Treasorers Cleopatra bet her treasorer before Octauius Caesar Cleopatraes wordes vnto Caesar. Cleopatra finely deceiueth Octauius Caesar although she desired to liue Cleopatraes lamentation ouer Antonius tombe The death of Cleopatra Cleopatraes two waiting woman dead with her Cleopatra killed with the biting of an Aspicke The image of Cleopatra caried in triumphe at Rome with an Aspicke biting of her arme The age of Cleopatra and Antonius Of Antonius issue came Emperors The power of Demetrius Antonius Demetrius Antonius ambition to gouerne The liberalitie and bountie of Demetrius and Antonius Demetrius Antonius time Canobus and Taphosiris fl Demetrius Antonius wiues Antonius the first Romane that euer maried two wiues together Demetrius lasciuiousnes Dogges not suffred in Athens castle bicause of bitcherie The loue and impietie the faith falsehoode of Demetrius and Antonius Demetrius Antonius acts in warres The pareÌ„tage of Artaxerxes Mnemon The diuersâ—â— of natures betwixt Cyrus and Artaxerxes Arsicas surnamed Artaxerxes assigned to be king of Persia The maner of the consecrating of the kings of Persia as Pasargades Cyrus accused vnto his brother Artaxerxes Cyrus lay in waite to kill Artaxerxes Note the flatterie and dissimulation of a woman Antaxerxes curteous and easie to haue accesse vnto Artaxerxes liberalitie to apoore man that gaue him a litle water Tiribazus lightnes and Artaxerxes liberalitie Statira king Artaxerxes wife Cyrus maketh warre against his brother Artaxerxes Cyrus wonderfull promises Artaxerxes army of nyne hundred thowsand fighting men against his brother Cyrus Xenophon the Historiographer excellently describeth this battell betwixt Artaxerxes and his brother Cyrus Safetie in a generall requisite in battell Clearchus cowardlines reproued Pasacas Cyrus horse Artagerses the gouernor of the prouince of Cadusia giueth charge vpon Cyrus Cyrus slue Artagerses Dinons report of Cyrus death The Cariens be called cocks bicause they weare crests on their headpeeces Ctesias report of Cyrus death Artaxerxes hurt by Cyrus Cyrus hurt Cyrus miserable destiny King Artaxerxes being a thirst dranke stincking puddle water and sayd he neuer tasted sweeter The manner of the Persians in 〈…〉 against a traitor to the king Plutarch reproueth Ctesias for a lyer How Artaxerxes 〈…〉 the good and also punished the euill The punishment of them that slue Cyrus Parysatis straunge crueltie praising the Carian in 〈…〉 See the perill of bastâ—es rash aunswer The terrible death of offenders in boates or troughes among the Persians The miserable death of Mithridates The deuelish craft of Parysatis her great skill cunning at dyce Parysatis craft and cruelâ—ie Tisaphernes betrayeth the Captaines of Graece Clearchus other Captaines of Graece put to death by king Artaxerxes Ctesias vanity The cause of Parysatis hate vnto her Daughter in law Statyra Parysatis practiseth to poyson Queene Statira Ryntaces a bird of Persia that hath no excrements How Statira was poysoned The punishment for poysoners in Persia Agesilaus king of Lacedaemon maketh warre with the Persians The Persian coyne how it is stamped Artaxerxes dâ—aue the Lacedantonians from all their dominion by sea Gnidus Ins. Antalcidas peace Antalcidas Lacedaemonian greatly esteemed of Artaxerxes The persians full of vanitie and curiositie The death of Antalcidas Lacedaemonian Timagoras Athenian brybed by king Artaxerxes Timagoras was put to death for taking brybes and gifts of the king of Persia. King Artaxerxes killeth Tisaphernes Artaxerxes fell in againe with his mother Parysatis sent for her to come to the Court. Artaxerxes maried his eldest Daughter Atossa King Artaxerxes iorney against the Cadusians The contry of the Cadusians very barren Great famyne in Artaxerxes army Tiribazus stratageame saued Artaxerxes and all his army Note that soft apparell and riches maketh not a men cowardly and effeminate but a vile base mind that followeth euill aduise and counsell The corage of king Artaxerxes his great paynes in marching King Artaxerxes curtesie to his souldiers Darius and Ochus king Artaxerxes sonnes Artaxerxes proclaymeth his sonne Darius king Aspasia IuniaÌ„ one of Artaxerxes concubines The barbarous people can not 〈…〉 with â—inalitie in loue Tiribazus incruseth Darius against his father Artaxerxes Tiribazus maners and condicions Darius conspireth against Artaxerxes his father A
PERINTHE which king Philip did beseege at that present time they would haue pluckt the arrow out of his eye but he neuer fainted for it neither would suffer thē to pul it out before he had first driuē his enemies within the wals of their citie He toke this infamy very inwardly he was so sory for it that euery mā might see he was like to die for sorow Thē Alexander fearing he should die did pardō him bad him besides kepe the money which was giuē him Now the 30000. young boyes which Alexander had left to the gouernment of Capteines to trayne exercise them in the discipline of warre they being growen stronge men lusty youthes excellently well trained ready in armes Alexander reioyced when he saw them This notwithstanding did much discorage the MACEDONIANS made them greatly affraid bicause they thought that from thenceforth the king would make lesse accompt of thē For when Alexander would haue sent the sicke and impotent persons which had bene maimed in the warres into the low contry to the sea side they aunswered him that so doing he should do them great wronge to send these poore men frō him in that sort after they had done him all the seruice they could home to their contry frends in worse case then he tooke them from thence And therefore they said if he would send away some let him send them all away as men vnseruiceable specially sithence he had now such goodly yong daunsers about him with whom he might go conquer the world Alexander was maruelously offended with their prowd words insomuch that in his anger he reuiled them all put away his ordinary gard tooke other PERSIANS in their place making some the gard about his owne person others his vsshers heraulds ministers to execute his will and commaundement The poore MACEDONIANS seeing Alexander thus waited on them selues so shamefully reiected they let fall their stoutnes and after they had cōmoned of the matter together they were ready to teare thēselues for spite malice In fine whē they had laid their heads together they cōsented to go vnto his tent without weapōs naked in their shirts to yeld thēselues vnto him weping howling beseching him to do with thē what pleased him so vse thē like wretched vnthankful creatures But Alexander though his anger was now somwhat pacified did not receiue thē the first time neither did they also go their waies but remained there 2. daies nights together in this pitiful state before the dore of his tent lamenting vnto him calling him their soueraine king vntill that he came him self out of his tent the third day seing the poore wretches in this greeuous pitiful state he him self fel a weeping a long time So after he had a litle rebuked thē he called thē curteously gaue the impotēt sick persons leaue to depart home rewarding thē very honorably Furthermore he wrote vnto Antipater his Lieutenant that he should alwaies giue thē the highest place in al cōmon sports assemblies that they should be crowned with garlands of flowers Moreouer he cōmaūded that the orphans whose parents were slaine in the warrs should receiue the pay of their fathers After Alexander was come vnto the citie of ECBATANA in the kingdō of MEDEA that he had dispatched his waightiest causes he gaue him self again vnto publike sportes feasts pastimes for that there were newly come vnto him out of GRAECE 3. thowsand excellent masters deuisers of such sports About that time it chaūced that Hephastion fell sicke of an agew But he beeing a young man of warre did not regard his mouth as he should haue done but hauing spyed oportunitie that his Phisitian Glaucus was gone vnto the Theater to see the sports pastimes He went to dinner and eate a roasted Capon whole and dranke a great pot full of wine which he had caused to be set in water whereuppon his feuer tooke him so sorely that he liued not long after Alexander vnwisely tooke the chaunce of his death cōmaūded all the heares of his horse mules to be presently shorn in tokē of mourning that al the battlemēts of the wals of cities should also be ouerthrown hong vp pore Glaucus his Phisitian vpon a crosse cōmaūded that no minstrel should be heard play of any kind of instrument within his campe vntil that there was brought him an oracle from Iupiter Hammon cōmaūding that Hephaestion should be worshipped sacrificed vnto as a demy god In th end to passe ouer his mourning and sorow he went vnto the warres as vnto a hunting of men and there subdued the people of the COSSAEIANS whom he pluckt vp by the rootes and slue man woman and childe And this was called the sacrifice of Hephaestions funeralls Alexander furthermore beeing desirous to bestowe tenne thowsand talents coste vppon his obsequies and funeralls and also to exceede the charge by the rarenes and excellencie of workemanshippe amongest all other excellent workemasters he desired one Stasicrates for he had euer passing inuention and his worke was alwayes stately and sumptuous in any newe thinges he tooke in hande For he talking one daye with Alexander tolde him that of all the Mountaynes he knewe in the worlde he thought there was none more excellent to resemble the statue or image of a man then was Mount Atho in THRACIA and that if it were his pleasure he would make him the noblest and most durable image that should bee in the world which in his left hand should hold a citie to conteine ten thowsand persons and out of his right hand there should ronne a great riuer into the sea Yet Alexander would not harken to him but then was talking with other workemen of more straunge inuentions farre greater cost Now as he was ready to take his iorney to go vnto BABYLON Nearchus his Admirall came againe vnto him from the great sea Oceanum by the riuer of Euphrates and tolde him how certaine CHALDEAN Soothsayers came vnto him who did warne him that he should not goe into BABYLON Howbeit Alexander made no reckoning of it but went on But when he came hard to the walls of BABYLON he saw a great number of crowes fighting killing one of another some of them fell downe deade hard by him Afterwards being told him that Apollodorus the gouernor of the citie of BABYLON hauing sacrificed vnto the goddes to knowe what should happen to him he sent for the Soothsayer Pithagoras to knowe of him if it were true The Soothsayer denied it not Then Alexander asked him what signes he had in the sacrifice He aunswered that the lyuer of the beast had no head O gods said Alexander then this is an ill signe notwithstanding he did Pithagoras no hurt but yet he repented him that he did not beleue Nearchus words For this respect therefore Alexander lay much abroade
Ocean sea to be Gouernour of LVSITANIA And there he gouerned so wisely that he was nothing chargeable nor troublesome vnto the contry knowing that this honorable charge was geuen him only to mitigate and hide his banishent Afterwards when Galba had rebelled he was the first of all the Gouernours of the prouinces that ioyned with him and bringing with him all his plate both golde and siluer vnto the mynt maister he gaue it him to put into bullion and so to be conuerted into currant coyne Moreouer he gaue of his officers vnto Galba those which he thought the meetest men to serue a Prince and otherwise when he was tried he shewed him selfe as faithfull and skilfull in matters of state as any one that followed the Emperours traine Insomuch as all the way he went many dayes iorney in coch with Galba him selfe and did maruelouslie currie fauour with Titus Iunius bestowing great gifts vpon him and also enterteining him with pleasant speches but specially bicause he willingly gaue him the vpper had wherby he was assured to be the secōd person in credit about Galba So in all that he did he fat excelled Iunius for that he graūted mens sutes frāckly frely without one penny taking was besids easy to be spokē with of euery man that had any sute to him but specially of the souldiers whom he did greatly help further caused diuers also to be called to honorable office he himself partly mouing the Emperor for thē without any labor or sute made vnto him partly also obteining thē at Iunius hāds of the two infrāchised bond me of Galba Icellus Africus For these three men did beare all the sway credit aboue the Emperor in the court Moreouer alwaies whē he inuited the Emperor to his house he bribed the Praetorian gard that waited vpō him gaue euery souldier a crown Now this in sight semed chiefly to be done to honor the Emperor with though in deede it was a fine deuise to ouerthrow him to bribe the souldiers in that sort as he did So Galba cōsulting whom he should make his successor T. Iunius preferred Otho vnto him the which he did not simply of himselfe nor without reward but only with promise that Otho should marcy his daughter if Galba did adopt him his sonne proclaime him successor in the Empire Howbeit Galba did alway specially regard the comon wealth before his priuat liking sought to adopt such a one as should not so much please himself as otherwise he should be proffitable meete for the Empire But surely in my opinion Galba would not make Otho his heire of his goods cōsidering what an vnreasonable spēder he was how sumptuous in al his things besides far gone in det for he ought aboue fiue thowsand Myriades So when he had heard Iunius coūsell about this adoptiō he gētly without other answer did put ouer his determinatio vntil another time made Otho only Cōsul at that time T. Iunius Cōsul with him whereby it was straight supposed that at the beginning of the new yere he would proclaime him his successor in the Empire Which was the thing the souldiers most desired of all other But now delaying stil his determination the legions of the ROMANES in GERMANY did rise rebel against him al at an instant For he was generally hated of al his souldiers bicause he paid thē not the gift he had promised them So they particularly to cloke their malicious intent alleaged For their cause of rising that he had dishonorably reiected Verginius Rusus and that the GAVLES which had fought against thē were rewarded with great rich priuiledges they that tooke not part with Vindex had bene grieuously punished put to death Moreouer that Galba did only honor Vindex death after he was dead as acknowledging his goodwil vnto him offring publike oblatiōs funeral sacrifices for him as if by him only he had bene proclaimed Emperor Now such speches rumors ran through the cāpe amōgst thē whē the first day of the yere came which the ROMANES cal the calends of Ianuary on which day whē Flaccus had called the souldiers together to sweare them to the Emperor according to the custome they plucked down Galbaes images sware only in the name of the people the Senate of ROME The captaines seing what course they tooke were as much affraid of the daūger to be without a head as they stood doutful of the mischief of their rebelliō So there stept vp one amōgst thē said My fellowes in armes what do we meane We neither choose any other Emperor nor yet do allow of him that is Emperor at this present wherby we shew plainly that we do not only refuse Galba but also all other to be our head Emperor that may commaund vs Now for Flaccus Ordeonius that is but Galbaes shadow and image I would wish we should let him alone there as he is And for Vitellius gouernor of the lower GERMANIE he is not farre from vs but one daies iorney only whose father was Censor at ROME and thrise also Consul and that was in a maner a Peere and companion of Clodius Caesar in the gouernment of the Empire whose pouerty if any man mislike in him is a manifest proofe of his goodnes and magnanimity Him therefore let vs choose let the world know that we can tell how to choose an Emperor better then the SPANYARDS or LVSITANIANS Some of the souldiers that stoode by confirmed these words but others also misliked of thē insomuch that amōg the rest there was an ensigne bearer that stale secretly out of the cāpe to cary Vitellius newes hereof who that night made a great supper had great store of good cōpany with him These newes rūning straight through his cāpe Fabius Valés colonel of a legiō came the next morning with a great nūber of horsemē was the first mā that named Vitellius Emperor who before semed to refuse that name as one that was affraid to take the charge of so great an Empire vpon him but after dinner being full of wine meate he came out amōg thē accepted the name of Germanicus which they gaue him refused the name of Caesar. But there withal incōtinently after Flaccus souldiers leauing their goodly popular oth which they had sworne in the name of the people Senate they all then tooke their othes faithfully to doe what it should please the Emperour Vitellius to commaund them Thus Vitellius was chosen Emperor in GERMANY So Galba hearing of this new chaūge thought it not good to deferre time any lēger for the adoptiō he had intended wherfore certainly vnderstanding that those whom he trusted most about him were parties in this matter some taking part with Dolabella the most part of thē with Otho he neither liking the one nor the other sodainly without any word spokē to any man he sent for
Piso that was the yoūger sonne of Crassus Piso whom Nero had put to death a yoūg man faier condicioned shewed by his graue modest countenance he had by nature that he was indued with many noble vertues Galba came downe presently frō his pallace went straight to the cāpe to proclaime Piso Caesar his successor in the Empire Howbeit at his setting out of his pallace there appeared many great signes in the firmamēt which followed him And moreouer whē he was also come into his cāpe that he began to say without booke part of his oratiō partly also to read it it lightned al the while he spake there sel such a great shower of raine vpon it a maruelous thickmist in the cāpe oueral the city that mē mighteaselyse the gods did not like this adoptiō that it would not prosper The souldiers thē selues shewed their discōtentment by their heauy looks the rather bicause at that time there was no spech of reward or liberality And furthermore they that were present also maruelled much for that they could gather by the coūtenance words of Piso that Piso nothing reioiced at this great fauor although he lacked not wit vnderstanding otherwise to acknowledge it And on the other side also they found easely by Othoes lookes many signes proofes that he was maruelously offended in his mind to see that he was thus deceiued of his hope For he being the mā that was first spokē of thought most worthiest of all other being comen also so nere vnto it now to see himselfe thus wiped out of it he supposed that it was a plaine proofe that Galba had no good opinion of him that he maliced him in his hart so that after that time he stilstood in feare of his life For he being affraid of Piso hating also Galba being grieuously offended with T. Iunius he wēt his wayful of diuers thoughts in his mind For the Soothsaiers Astronomers Chaldeans which he euer kept about him they did perswade him not to be discoraged for this to cast all hope aside but specially one Ptolomy in whom he had great cōfidence bicause he had oftētimes before foretold and assured him that Nero should not put him to death but contrarily that Nero should die first he himself suruiue him should become Emperor of ROME Wherby Ptolomy hauing proued his first prediction true vnto him he bad him be bold feare not that to come But now besides him those that secretly cōplained vnto him did prick him forward the more sighing to see him so euil delt with by Galba diuers of thē chiefly which bare great authority credit about Tigellinus Nymphidius who being thē cast of discoūtenāced came all vnto him stirred him vp the more As amongst others Veturius Barbius chiefly of the which the one had bene Optio and the other Tesserarius for so the ROMANES call those that be their messengers spials officers to the Captaines who with an infranchised bondman of his called Onomastus went vnto the campe and there corrupted some souldiers with ready money other some with faire words being of them selues euil inclined expected but occasion to vtter their malice For otherwise had the souldiers bene all of one mind it had not bene an enterprise to haue bene brought to passe in foure dayes space being no more betwext the adoption and murther to make a whole campe rebell in that sorte For they were slaine the fifteenth day of Ianuarie on which day Galba did sacrifice in the morning within his pallace before his frends But at that time the Soothsaier called Ombricius when he had the intralls of the beasts sacrificed in his hands had looked vpon them he spake not doutfully but plainly that he saw signes of great tumult and rebellion and that the Emperour was in present daunger of great treason Whereby it plainly appeared that the goddes had put Galba into Othoes hands for he stood at that time behind Galba both heard saw all that the Soothsayer did So he seeming to be grieued withall in his minde and his colour chaunging oft for the feare he was in his infranchised bondeman Onomastus came and tolde him that the masons and chiefe carpinters were come to speake with him and taried for him This was the watch word agreed vppon betwene them at which tyme Otho shoulde then goe vnto the souldiers Then Otho sayd that he went to looke to an olde house he had bought which was falling downe and in decay and that he would shewe it vnto the workemen So he went his way and came from the pallace by the place they call Tiberius house into the market place where the golden piller standeth where also the greatest high wayes of all ITALIE doe meete together There certaine met him that first called him Emperour which were not in all aboue three twentie persons Thereupon though Otho was not vnconstant as it appeared notwithstanding he was so fine and effeminate a man but rather resolute and stout in instant daunger yet feare so oppressed him at that time that he would saine haue left his enterprise Howbeit the souldiers would not suffer him but compassing his litter rounde about with their armes and their swords drawne in their hands they commaunded the litter men to go fotward So Otho as he went hastening on his driuers he often muttered to him selfe I am but dead Some hearing him as they passed by him rather wondred then that they were otherwise troubled to see such a small nūber of men about him that they durst venter vpon so hard an enterprise Now as he was caried through the market place he was met withall by certaine others and afterwards by others by three by foure in a company all the which came and ioyned with him cried Caesar Caesar hauing their swords drawen in their hands Now the Colonell appointed for that day to gard the field of Mars knew nothing of this conspiracy but being amazed and affraied with their sodaine comming he suffred them to come in So when Otho was come in he found no man that resisted him For they that knew nothing of the practise being compassed in with those that were made priuy to it had knowen it of long time being found stragling here and there by one by two they followed the rest for feare at the first afterwards for good wil. This was brought straight to Galba to the pallace the Soothsayer being yet busie about his sacrifice insomuch that they which before gaue no credit to those diuinations began then to maruell much at this heauenly signe Then there ran immediatly a great number of people from the market place vnto the pallace Thereupon Iunius Lacon certaine other of Galbaes infranchised bondmen stoode to gard Galbaes person with their swordes drawen in their hāds Piso
the king of Persia Demosthenes praiseth them that were slaine at the battell of Chaeronea The death of Philip king of Macedon Demosthenes preferreth the ioy of his contrie before the sorow of his owne daughter AEschinesse proued by Plutarch for his fonde beleefe that blubbering and sorowing are signes of loue and charitie Plutarch praiseth Demosthenes constancie for leauing of his mourning to reioyce for his common contrie benefit Demosthenes raiseth vp the Graecians against Alexander Alexander required certaine Orators of Athens Demosthenes â—ale of the sheepe and woulues The iudgement of the crowne vnto Ctesiphon Harpalus a great money man came to Athens flying from Alexander Demosthenes bribed by Harpalus with oxenty â—ateâ— * This concelâ— can hardly be expressed in any other language then in Greeke For he sayth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 alloâ—ding to the verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to delight by pleasaunt speeche or sound Demosthenes banishment Demosthenes tooke his banishment grieuously Three mischieuous beasts Antipater besieged of the Athenians Demosthenes called home from exile Demosthenes fine of fiftie talentes remitted Archias Phygadotheras a hunter of the banished men Demosthenes dream Demosthenes taketh poyson to kill him selfe in the temple of Neptune in the I le of Calauria The death of Demosthenes The time of Demosthenes death The Athenians honored Demosthenes after his death * He sayth Antigonus in the life of Phocius Demades death and reward for his treason Ciceroes parentage Cicero why so called Cicero Quaestor Ciceroes birth An image appeared to Ciceroes nursâ— Ciceroes towardnes and wit. Cicero a notable Poet. Cicero Philoes scholler the Academicke Philosopher Cicero a follower of Mutius Scauola Roscius pâ—â— in siâ—â— Cicero a weake man. Cicero Antiochus scholler The commoditie of exercise Cicero goeth into Asia and to Rhodes Cicero declamed in Graeke Apollonius testimonie of Cicero An Oracle giuen to Cicero Ciceroes first practising in the common wealih Roscius and AEsopus comon players Cicero a fine Tawnser Cicero chosen Quaestor Ciceroes diligence iustice and lenitie Cicero ambitious desirous of praise Cicero geuen to know mens names their landes and frendes Ciceroes doings against Verres He spake it bicause the Iewes doe ease no swines flesh Cicero chosen AEdilis Ciceroes riches Ciceroes great curtesie and resorte Cicero chosen Praetor Licinius Macer condemned Cicero with one word pacified the offended Tribunes Cicero made Consul The conspiracy of Cateline Catalines wickedness C. Antonius and M.T. Cicero created Consuls Great troubles at Rome in the time of Ciceroes Consulshippe A law preferred for the creacion and authority of the Decemuiri Cicero by his eloquence ouerthrow the law of the Decemuiri Ciceroes swâ—â—â— tongue * Others â—â—â— say Lucius Roscius Otho Tribune of the people Roscius lawe for deuiding of the Roman Knights from the common people Syllaes souldiers conspired with Catiline Cicero examined Catalin in the Senate Syllanus and Murana and Consulls Letters brought to Crassus of Catilines conspiracie Fuluia betrayeth Catilines intent to kill Cicero Catiline departed Rome C. Lentulus why called Sura Oracles of three Cornelij that should raigne at Rome Great treason practised in Rome by C. Lentulus and Cethegus The conspiratours apprehended Syllanus sentence of the conspirators Caesar priuie to Catilines conspiracie Caesars opinion for the punishment of the conspirators The execution of the conspirators They liuedâ— A word vsurped for the dead Ciceroes praise Catilin slaine in battell by Antonius Caesar chosen Praetor Metellus and Bestia Tribunes of the people Cicero resigneth his office Ciceroes Consulship praised by Cato Cicero the first man called Father of the contry Cicero too much giuen to praise him self Cicero friendâ—y to praise others Cicero sayeth Demosthenes sleepeth in his orations Ciceroes subtile end pleasant â—â—â—ge The Stoickes opinion A wise man is euer riche * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Actius is a proper name of a Romane and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke signifieth worthyt So the grace of the equiuocation can not be expressed in any other language * Bicause the Africanes haue commonly their eares bored through The malice betwixt Cicero Clodius Cicero gaue euidence against Clodius The wicked parts of Clodius * Some olde bookes doe read Teritâ— Clodius 〈…〉 and found not gilty Caesars wordes of the putting away his wife Pompeia Clodius chosen Tribune of the people Piso and Gabinius Consuls Crassus Pompey and Caesar three of the greatest men in Rome tooke part with Clodius against Cicero Cicero accused of Clodius The knights of Rome and Senate chauÌ„ged garments for Ciceroes sake Pompey would not see Cicero being accused Ciceroes exile Hipponium alias Vibone a city in Luke A wonder shewed vnto Cicero in his exile Ciceroes faint hart in his exile The wonderfull power of glory Pompey chauÌ„ging mind doth fauor Cicero Lentulus Consul Cicero called home from banishment Cicero taketh away the tables of Clodius actes out of the Capitoll Clodius the Tribune slaine by Milo. Cicero fearefull in warres and timerous in pleading Cicero pleadeth Miloes case Cicero chosen Augure Ciceroes integritie for the gouernment of his prouinces MoÌ„â— Amanus Cicero called Imperator Cicero seeketh to pacifie the quarrell betwext Pompey and Caesar Ciceroes words of Pompey and Caesar. Cicero goeth vnto Pompey Cato gaue place to Cicero and offered him the charge of the nauy at Dyrrachium The force of Ciceroes eloquence how it altered Caesar. Ciceroes life vnder Caesar. Cicero did put away his wife Terentia Cicero maried a young maiden Cicero not made priuy to the conspiracie against Caesar. Priuate grudge betwext Antonius and Cicero Cicero saileth into Greece Ill will betwext Cicero Antonius Cicero and Octauius Caesar ioyned in frendship Ciceroes dreame of Octauius the adopted sonne of Iulius Caesar Octauius and Accia the parents of Octauius Caesar. Octauius Caesar was borne in the yere of Ciceroes Consulship Ciceroes great power â—â— Rome Octauius Caesar sueth to be Consul Octauius Caesar forsaketh Cicero Note the fickelnes of youth The meeting of the Triumuiri Antonius Lepidus Octauius Caesar Cicero appointed to be slaine Quintus Cicero slaine * Some doe read Cajete A wonderous matter foreshewed by crowes vnto Cicero Herennius Popilius sent to kill M. T. Cicero M.T. Cicero slain by Herennius Ciceroes head and hands set vp ouer the pulpit for Orations A strange and cruell punishmeÌ„t taken by Pomponia Quintus Ciceroes wife of Philologus for betraying of his maister Augustus Caesars testimony of Cicero Ciceroes sonne Consul with Augustus Caesar. The decree of the Senate against Antonius being dead Demosthenes eloquence Ciceroes rare and diuers doctrines Demosthenes and Ciceroes maners Demosthenes modest in praising of him selfes Cicero too fall of ostentacion Demosthenes and Ciceroes cunning in their Orations in the coÌ„mon wealth Authoritie sheweth ment vertues and vices Ciceroes abstinense freâ—â— money Demosthenes a money taker Diuers causes of the banishment of Demosthenes and Cicero The differeÌ„ce betwext Demosthenes and Ciceroes death How sences and artes doe agree differ The master of the SpartaÌ„s to