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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11366	The tvvo most vvorthy and notable histories which remaine vnmained to posterity (viz:) the conspiracie of Cateline, vndertaken against the gouernment of the Senate of Rome, and the vvarre which Iugurth for many yeares maintained against the same state. Both written by C.C. Salustius.; Bellum Catilinae. English	Sallust, 86-34 B.C.; Sallust, 86-34 B.C. Bellum Jugurthinum. English. aut; Heywood, Thomas, d. 1641.	1609 (1609)	STC 21625; ESTC S116620	153,941	206

euery one to be his own iudge for censure is a gifte of art and experience but to moderate his opinion by coherence comparisons infallible reasons which if they be not allowed by the maior partie let him neuer be ashamed to change his determination For as those which will spend their verdicts vpon Pictures their dimensions lineaments colours wherin the skilfullest eie is often cozened and deceiued ought not to bee ignoraunt of Symmetry to giue true iudgement So is it necessarie for him that will distinguish betweene the sufficiency and insufficiencie of Historie not onelie to bee well read in the Arts but also much conuersant in humaine occurrances Of Writers in this kind there are three sorts the first whereof being wel qualified by nature but better by learning haue bin called vnto Magistracie The second sort haue wanted learning and yet proued verie sufficient by the adiuncts of Nature and experience and the letter being somewhat helped by Nature and wanting experimentall imploiment haue notwithstanding by their industrie and integritie in their collection of Historie euen equalled those who haue spent the greatest portions of their daies in the Counsell-house of Princes Of euery one of these you shall find infinite variety so much the greater by how much euerie one sauoureth of more or lesse integrity learning and experience The best are those which are best seene in all these and free from passion I adde passion because it is harde for an vpright conscience discoursing of an euill subiect to abstaine from hard language or on the other side to attribute vnto good actions a moderate commendation For the inserting medestly in praise of the good and dispraise of the wicked hath giuen no smal ocasion for the amplifying of Historie Whereof ●f good Authors ought to be noted what shall we say of Euill No slight consideration must therefore be taken whether our Historiographer hath written of himselfe or of others of Fellow-Citizens or Strangers of Friends or Enemies of Militarie discipline or Ciuill Gouernement of his Equals or Inferiours and lastly of his owne time or of sore-passed ages For iudgement in this imployment Secretaries Priuy-Counsellors and Presidents in Courtes of Iustice are verie sufficient for by these three the state is ballanced but more sufficient is he● who alone sitteth at the Helm but most of al he that adioyneth much reading of Law and Historie to dailie experience To the perfection whereof two things are most requisite Bookes and Trauaile without the former whereof the difficile management of imployment in any kind is hardly attained to and the date of mans life is ouer●short to compasse it by trauaile and wandering obseruation as of olde time did Licurgus Solon and Vlisses The last of whom Homer pronounced wise For that he had seene the maners of many people and the customes of diuers Citties In these daies many dote vpon sight of strange countries the Natures of liuing Creatures and plants the Fabrickes of Palaces and Pyramides with the ouerworne sculptures of Ancient coines but the misteries of publicke Gouernment and their alterations they neuer regard Next vnto Bookes of humanitie and experiments of Trauaile I commend insight in Lawe For those that are to determine suits and contentions saith Arcadius knowe all sortes of misdemeanors and not misdemeanors onely but their contraries without the indifferent apprehension whereof the one and the other cannot be pried into and preuented For in discerning between good and euil consisteth the fulnesse of human wisedome Whereuppon wee are to gather that of all sorts of Historiographers those are worst to bee liked of which with impure handes as the Prouerbe is presume to write of History being both vnexperienced in affaires of importance and veterly vnlearned Of these is my chiefest Caue at in choise of Historie The next to beware of is a rayling or a passionate Writer for you shall not find all Authors free from this humor and him suspect of flattery by praising himselfe his fauourites and Country men and bitterly taunting his opposites or enemies But when you meet with an Authour who giueth his enemy his due commendation read him with trust and beleefe and the rather if he bee a stranger to both parties esteeme him as litigious persons do of Vmpiers in Abitrementes voyd of partiality For it is aparant that Dionisius Hallicarnasseus a man of no eminent place in Gouernment wrote the History of the Romans with better faith and more vprightnesse then Fabius Salust or Cato men aduanced to wealth and honour in their Common-weales For Polibius a Graecian in many places doth tax Fabius Philenus of falshood the one a Roman the other a Carthaginian and both writing vpon the Punicke warres the one giuing all the honour to the Romans the other to the Carthaginians These are the words of Polibius Philenus avoucheth that the Carthaginians behaued themselues valiantly and the Romans baselie and cowardly But Fabius by the censure of Polibius was a man of approued honesty wisedom to whom the proiects of the Romans nor the counterplots of the enemy were hidden or vnreuealed Yet both Orator like were very wary to say or do any thing to their own irreputations But let not any thinke that in an History he can discharge both the part of an Orator Historiographer For I cannot allow of those writings which in praises and flattery are copious in reprehension of vices briefe and penurious this maxime being most iustifiable that euen the man of best discretion and vprightnesse committeth manifold errors Wherein Equinard and Acciolus haue so magnified Carolus Magnus Eusebius Constancie Nebrensis Ferdinand Iouius Cosmo Medices Phillostratus Apollonius Procopius Bellisarius Staphilus and Leua Charles the fift that heerein they haue rather merited the sirnames of Orators then of Historiographers And therefore let the iudicious Censurer suspend his iudgement not by the scale of Friends and Countreymen but by the verdict of enemies also Against Phillip Comines in praising of Lewes the XI let him oppose Meir and not Meir onely but Paulus Aemilius because the one is excessiue in commending the other as farre gone in discommending the third in a meane Meir tearmeth him periurious and fratricide whose desire was aboue al things without regard of the Lawes of God or man to become sole Tyrant of the state The same Author calleth Comines himselfe Traitor and Fugitiue And therefore in these alterations I wish neither of them to be belieued because the one was highly aduanced and inriched by the King the other a professed enemy and had his p●n deeplier dipped in gall then was seeming for an Historiographer Aemilius was neither friende nor foe for he was of Verona and wrote grauely and modestly in these words The Duke saith he did enuy the King accusing him with the death of his Brother to haue corrupted his Brothers children and to work them to poison their Father Hee affirmes nothing rashly he omitted not repugnant reports They wrote in the life

like For whereas the Latines neglected things triuiall as Sacrifices Playes Triumphs Ensignes of Magistracies the generall gouernment of the state Subsidies Auguries Parliaments and the difficile diuision of the people into wards and Tribes Lastly the potencie of the Senat the priuiledges of the Commons the Authoritie of Magistrates and the power of the people be in my iudgement hath best performed them of anie man liuing And to make them the more easie to bee vnderstood hee hath compared the customes of the Greeks with the Lawes of the Latines deriuing the priuiledges of Clyents which Romulus instituted and which Caesar noteth to be common amongst the Gals from the Athenians and Thessalians The Roman Dictator to be of equall power to the Haumoste of the Lacedemonians to the Archon of the Thessalians and the Aesynmet of the Mytilens yea had it not hin for this mans labours the Lawes of Romulus Numa and Seruius together with the Original discent of the Romans had bin long since buried in forgetfulnesse through the pride of the Romans who accounted omitted these remembrances as base vulgar A fault almost common with al Authors as if they were as well knowne to strangers as to Natiues The like diligence almost vsed Plutarch in his Roman Antiquities Plutarch what censure is to be giuen of him I thinke euerie man knoweth For seeing he was the Schoole-maister of that excellent Prince Traian an ancient Courtier and at last Gouernour of Istria there is no question to be made but he ioyned practise and experience to his great wisedome Hee wrote the Historie of the two most famous people of the world not methodically and in order but abruptly and by way of Comparison All that I admire in him is his so free opinion in al matters that to me he seemeth rather a censurer of Princes then an Historiographer yet with this submission to his worth that if any man may be thought a fit Vmpire in businesse of such weight I hold him to be Plutarch or no man For vvhat could be vnknovvne to a man of so high a reach so deepe a iudgement Which are verie remarqueable in his most graue disputations of a Republicke and his profound Philosophie The Originall occasions of wars their openings their progressions ouerthrowes and victories he handleth like an excellent Commander And sometimes he discendeth to matters of meanest moment euen of houshold affaires as is that remembraunce of Cato the Censor who of purpose set enmitie betweene his seruants Least by their ouermuch licentiousnesse they should busie their braines about proiects of farre worse consequence The like he remēbreth of Pericles who accustomed to sell to the vtmost aduantage the reuenues of his domaines and to buy by the penny his daily prouision Oftentimes hee relateth thinges incredible and meerely fabulous but he vseth the worde Phasi to forewarne rash beleefe As in the life of Licurgus he writeth That a Lacedemonian Lad suffered the Rack euen to death rather then he would reueale the theft of a Fox And that Agesilaus was amerced by the Ephori for populer dependancy That he sometimes committed an ouer-sight in the Antiquity of the Romans for that being a Graecian and not perfectly vnderstanding the Latine tongue as himselfe confesseth in the life of Demosthenes he is to be borne withall As where he writeth that in Iudgements Gracchus by the Law Sempronia equalled the Gentlemen with the Senators when as by the same Law that prerogatiue was taken from the Senate and absolutely transferred to the Gentlemen as Velleius Appian Asconius Tacitus and Florus testifie It is apparant that he mistook Legem liuiam pro Sempronia and Gracchus for Drusus The like fault he committed in valewing the Drachma with the Roman Denarius and the Mina with Libra in the liues of Fabius and Anthony which Budeus f●llowing soone slipped into error As hee could not choose the quotient being false c. Dio For Dio who can make question of his excellency and sufficiency beeing a man that spent his whole time in affaires of the state and running through all the degrees of Office was twice chosen Consull and after that Proconsull wherein he gouerned the Prouinces worthily no doubt ioyned experience to his great learning He it was that collected the order of their Dyets their Magistracies the course of their proceeding● in law the inauguration of their Princes and the policies of their state Yet seemeth he to striue of purpose to maintaine the factions of Caesar and Anthony against Pompey and Cicero And those prodegies which hapned in the borders of the Marconrani he attributeth to Arnulphus the Egiptian not to the Christians whereat Turtullian Eusebius Orosius Iustine Paulus Diaconus and Marcus Aurelius himselfe contested in his letters to the Senat. Many are of opinion that Diodorus was matcheable vnto him Diodorus many that he deserueth precedencie for my part I see no such reason either for phrase thē which nothing could be penned more vulgar or for method of History That whereof he meaneth to relate he disposeth of truely orderly and bri●fely in the beginning of euery booke The proofe whereof you may find in his first booke wherein he diuideth his whole worke into fortie Bookes and in six includeth all the former time before the Troian war The eleuen following beginning at the Troian warre end with the death of Alexander the last four and twenty discend to the wars of the Gals The which computation amounteth to about one thousand one hundred and thirty yeares besides the reports before the Troian war which the Ancients deemed fabulous From whence to the return of the Heraclidae according to the account of Apollodorus he numbreth XC yeares from thence to the first Olimpiad CCCXXVIII from the first Olimpiad to the war of the Gals DCCXXX Likewise he only of al the Ancient adi●ynd vnto his history the times wherin the most eminent Philosophers Poets and Historiographers flourished As in his fourteenth Book he witness●th that Ctesias began his history at Ninus Lysiades being Archon He also collected together six bookes of this Author concerning the Empire of the Assyrians and as many of the Persians for the most part generallie discenting from Herodotus Whose Authorities Plutarch Pausanias Athenaeus and almost all the Greeke Authors do also follow To vs is nothing remaining but an Epitome Thucidides Thucidides he saith began his history Charites being Archon Q. Furius and M. Papirius Consuls viz. from the restoring of the Heraclidae to the taking of Perinthus Theopōpus Theopompus began at the first year of Phillip King of Macedon Calimedes being Archō in the hundred fiue Olimpiad C. Genutius L. Aemilius being Consuls And for that which Diodorus reprehendeth in Theopomp for the same may another reprehend Diodore Of eight and fiftie Bookes saith he since are suspitious So saith Viues of sorty of Diodors we haue scarse twelue remaining fiue whereof are stuffed with such idle matter That nothing was euer written more fabulous

giftes were accepted as remembraunces of loue and kindnesse This done they make relation of their Imbassie to Silla and first beseech him in the businesse to stand their good friend and Counsellour Then they fall into speech vpon the streng●h the integrity and the maiesty of their Maister not omitting any title that might either prooue aduantagious to the capitulation or moue good liking in the Lieutenant Silla made no scruple to satisfie their desires and after he had giuen them instructions how they shuld cary their affaires before Marius and how before the Lordes of the Senat he stayed them there about the space of forty daies 3 Marius without speeding in his entended enterprise returned to Cirtha where hauing intelligence of the arriuall of the Embassadors he commandeth both them and Silla to dislodge from Vtica and to repaire vnto Cirtha The like commaundement is directed vnto L. Bilienus the Praetor Ex omni parte vbi Inberna egerint and the residue of the Nobility In presence of whom he giueth audience to the Moorish Embassadors withall his passe for their iourney to Rome During the time of which their absence they intreat the Consull for a surcease from armes These passages were well approued by Silla and some others a few were of a more seuere opinion little God knowes experimented in human affaires Sen. si miserum videris hominē scias which beeing alwaies casuall and vncertaine for the most part are counterchanged from better to worse All which their petitions being granted three of them take their iourny towards Rome in the company of C. Octauius Rufo the Treasurer at Warres in Affrick The other two returne backe to the King who seemed very well to like of the behauiour of the Consull but especially of the curtesie and affection of Silla At Rome after the Legates had submissiuely confessed the errours of their maister as induced thereunto by the insinuation of Iugurth the conclusion of their speech was knit vp with a desire to be receiued into the Roman aliance Vnto whome it was thus answered That the Romanes could as well remember to requite curtesies as to reuenge wrongs That the King because hee shewed himselfe sorrowfull for his faults was receiued into grace As for friendship and alliance they were to be vouchsafed onely vpon merit CHAP. 34. 1. Silla is sent by Marius to capitulate with Bocchus 2. Is in honour met vpon the way by Volux and by him accompanied to his Fathers Court not without great mistrust of disloyalty OF which determinations Bocchus hauing receiued intelligence by Letters hee requesteth Marius to send Silla vnto him with whom he meant to treat a finall composition of all difficulties Silla is sent guarded with a regiment of horse and foot accompanied with their Slingers and Enginers In like manner the Archers and the Italian Cohort with theyr lightest Arms for speed sake were commanded to march And the reason why they iournied armed at no stronger proofe on their enemies country was for that the weapons of the Barbarians were light and voydable 2 The fift day of the iourny Volux the son of Bocchus vppon the suddaine sheweth himselfe in the open fielde with a troope at most of one thousand horse who riding vppon the spurre and out of order to salute Silla at first seemed vnto him and the residue to be more in number as also to represent a kind of warlike distrust Whereupon euery man began to fall into ranke to put on his Armour to draw his Weapon and to expect the enemy The feare was indifferent their hopes better resolued as befalleth victours especially because the fight was to be mannaged against those whome they had formerly so often vanquished But the horsemen being sent out to discouer brought word of the truth and so all things were quieted Volux approaching calleth vnto the Quester and certifieth him that his father had sent him both to honour assist him in his iourney So that day and the next they both marched in one troope without distrust But after they had pitched their Tents and the day began now to close the Moore all fearefull with his colour going and comming runneth towards Silla and reporteth that he is assertained by his Discouerers that Iugurth approached● And therefore intreateth yea and importunateth him secretly in the dead of the night to make shift for himselfe by speedy flight Silla all inraged advowed that hee nothing feared the Numidian whom hee had so often heeretofore rowted That his resolution was setled vpon the valour of his people yea if assured destruction lay before his face That hee would abide by it rather then betray the liues of so many souldiers committed vnto his conduct by a base and vnsure flight to make spare of that fraile carcasse which peraduenture by casualty of sicknes might soone afterwardes miscarry But withall Vt hostes existi marēt eos vigilias agere post dec●ssum visis ignibus adhuc illie esse followeth his Counsell to dislodge by night and thereupon commaundeth the army foorthwith to fall to Supper to fill the Campe with fires and at the first watch without noise or tumult to make ready to march Now both Silla and his troopes beeing thoroughly wearied by this nights iourney with the rising of the sun pitcheth his Tents when as the Moorish vant-currers bring worde to the Campe that Iugurth hath taken vp his lodgings scarse one league before thē Which news were no sooner divulged but an vnvsuall feare attached the whol body of our army mistrusting that they had bin betrayed by Volux and brought into ambush by his treachery yea there were some that advowed that Death was his meed and that so manifest and notorious a Treason ought not to be suffered to escape vnpunished Although Silla in secret did iumpe in Opinion yet gaue he commandement that no man sho●ld be so hardie as to wrong the Moore but encorageth his people to cary a valiant conc●it of the yssue Putting them in mind That a few couragious souldiers haue heretofore happily encountred a tumultuary multitude and that not seldome The lesse spare any man made of his carcasse the better he sped That it be seemed not the armed hand to expect safety from the vnarmed foot b Abiects armis by turning the naked bodie at all c Nō perspiciēs quò s● praecipitet aduentures through rash fear from the face d Vt faciunt fugientes of the enemy Then calling vpon Iupiter e Fidelitatis hospitalitatis conseruatorem Max. to be a witnesse of the falshood and treachery of Bocchus he commandeth Volux as an enemy to depart the campe The yong Gentleman with teares in his eies beseecheth the Generall not to giue eare to such enuious reportes protesteth that nothing was fraudulently contriued but rather that he should perswade himselfe that all proceeded from the subtilty of Iugurth by whose warie watchfulnesse the course of his iourney was