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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42773	The ark of the covenant opened, or, A treatise of the covenant of redemption between God and Christ, as the foundation of the covenant of grace the second part, wherein is proved, that there is such a covenant, the necessity of it, the nature, properties, parties thereof, the tenor, articles, subject-matter of redemption, the commands, conditions, and promises annexed, the harmony of the covenant of reconciliation made with sinners, wherein they agree, wherein they differ, grounds of comfort from the covenant of suretiship / written by a minister of the New Testament.	Gillespie, Patrick, 1617-1675.	1677 (1677)	Wing G766; ESTC R3490	407,671	492

Wherefore he saith when he ascended up on high he led captivity captive and gave gifts unto men Col. 2.15 And having spoiled principalities and powers he made a shew of them openly triumphing over them in it It was in the faith of these Promises made to Christ concerning his Father's standing by him in this work and crowning it with success in his hand that he put on that holy hardness against all opposition and walked as unconcerned who stood in his way since his Father was with him engaged by so solemn an act of promise and covenant made with him Isa 50.6 7 8 9 I gave my back to the smiters and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair I hid not my face from shame and spitting For the Lord God will help me therefore shall I not be confounded therefore have I set my face like a flint and I know that I shall not be ashamed He is neer that justifieth me who will contend with me let us stand together who is mine adversary let him come neer to me Behold the Lord God will help me who is he that shall condemn me lo they all shall wax old as a garment the moth shall eat them up The fifth kind of Promises made by Jehovah to Christ in the Covenant of Redemption were those that relate unto his Fathers acceptance of the travel of his Soul in this work of our Redemption And under this I comprehend 1. Whatsoever was spoken to him of his Father's delectation and taking pleasure in the person of Christ God-man and in his Mediatory-transactions all delight ariseth from sutableness and this from Christ's sutableness unto the Lords ends and the service unto which he was chosen and his sutable actings unto these ends Luk. 3.21 22 Now when all the people were baptized it came to past that Jesus also being baptized and praying the heaven was opened And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him and a voice came from heaven which said then art my beloved Son in thee I am well-pleased Prov. 8.30 Then I was by him as one brought up with him and I was daily his delight rejoycing always before him Isa 42.1 Behold my servant whom I uphold mune elect in whom my soul delighteth 2. The promise of gracious acceptance to whatsoever he should act or request on the behalf of his Redeemed ones within the time of Grace Isa 49.8 Thus saith the Lord in an acceptable time have I heard thee and in a day of salvation have I helped thee Joh. 11.41 42 Father I thank thee that thou hast heard me And I knew that thou hearest me always Heb. 5.7 Who in the days of his flesh when he had offered up Prayers and Supplications with strong crying and tears unto him that was able to save him from death and was heard in that he feared 3. The Promises of Justification there was some sort of Justification covenanted to him which he eyeth and wherewith he encouraged himself under hard and reproachful usage Isa 50.8 He is near that iustifieth me who will contend with me and accordingly it is said of him 1 Tim. 3.16 he was justified in the spirit and though he was not capable of remission of sin and justification from intrinsecal guilt for he had none being holy harmless undefiled and separate from sinners Heb. 7.26 because he had done no violence neither was there any deceit in his mouth Isa 53.7 Yet justification is promised to him and he is said to be justified 1. Because he was a perfect doer and obeyer of the Law 1 Joh. 1.7 But if we walk in the light as he is in the light we have fellowship one with another and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin Christ did in all things give consummate and perfect obedience to the Law and this is to be justified by a Law-justification and title to life which Adam should have had if he had obeyed the Law and Covenant of works 2. When his cause is justified he himself is formally justified in respect of these sins for which he undertook to satisfie the cause that he stood for in the Covenant of Redemption the action is win in Law that he stood for and that was his elect peoples cause for whom he stood when Justice smote him he is justified and acquitted from our sins though he had none of his own Rom. 6.9 knowing that Christ being raised from the dead dieth no more death hath no more dominion over him 3. He is justified as a publick person though in no private capacity as head of the party whom he represented and whose Law place he took upon him as one who personated and acted the part of another by allowance and warrant of Law Heb. 2.10.13 For it became him for whom are all things and by whom are all things in bringing many Sons unto glory to make the Captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings And again I will put ●●y trust in him and again Behold I and the children which God hath given me 4. He is justified declaratively in regard that he was declared by a Law act and Judicial-declaration to he Jesus the righteous 1. Joh. 2.1 who had fatisfied the Law Rom. 1.4 And declared to be the Son of God with power according to the spirit of holiness by the resurrection from the dead he was declared justified by his resurrection even as he was declared condemned by his death 5. He is justified by cancelling his bond of Suretiship which he gave to Jehovah and now having compleatly satisfied for our debts which was the intent of that bond of Suretiship the right is cancelled according to the manner of the Creditor's delivering back the bond to the Debtor when it is satisfied And thus we are to conceive when he blotted out the hand-writing of ordinances that was against us Col. 2.14 that he had then a discharge of his bond of Suretiship for our debt for his bond could not lye for our debt when ours was cancelled And though the precise scope of that Scripture and Context lead us to understand the cancelling there mentioned as firstly relative to the Ceremonial-Law yet I know no reason why we should restrict it to that only but we may extend it to the sins against and threatnings of the Moral Law also in so far as that is a writing against us especially since the words immediately before speak of Justification and remission of all sins as a fruit of Christ's death and the words following declare the extent of his death in this glorious conquest and triumph over all his peoples enemies 6. He is justified because it is acted and recorded in the volume of the book of the written word that he hath fulfilled what was written of his undertaking in the book of God's eternal Decrees and in this sense a person may be said to be justified who being acted in the record of a book to perform any

because we thus judg that if one died for all then were all dead And that he died for all that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves c. 1 Cor. 6.20 For ye are bought with a price therefore glorifie God in your body and in your spirit which are Gods 3. By way of real influence the faith of Christs Suretiship hath real influence upon the believers heart to make him study to walk like the redeemed people if the threatnings of the Law and Gospel have some influence upon the spirit of man to make him obey the Law or Gospel 't is without doubt they have a moral influence and when accompanied with the spirit they have real influence Heb. 2.3 How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation Chap. 12. v. 25 See that ye refuse not him that speaketh for if they escaped not who refused him that spake on earth much more shall not we escape if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven Sure the gracious Covenant of Suretiship betwixt Jehovah and Christ the undertakings of Christ for the believer must much more have influences upon the believers spirit and really put him to it to walk like a ransomed soul Gal. 2.20 I am crucified with Christ nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God who loved me and gave himself for me 2 Cor. 7.1 Having therefore these promises dearly beloved let us cleanse our selves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit perfecting holiness in the fear of the Lord. CHAP. VII Of the Name Mediator what it signifieth and how it agreeth to Christ THat there is a Mediator of the Covenant of Grace and but one only even the Lord Jesus Christ doth clearly appear from Heb. 8.6 Chap. 9. v. 15. Chap. 12. v. 22 23 24. 1 Tim. 2.5 For there is one God and one Mediator between God and man the man Christ Jesus The first Covenant which was of works had no Mediator for then there was no disagreement betwixt God and Man but this Covenant under which we stand by Grace hath a Mediator and needeth one as I shall shew by and by Concerning the Mediator of the new Covenant we shall consider 1. The Name what it signifieth and how it agreeth to Christ 2. The necessity of a Mediator in the new Covenant 3. The Person that is Mediator 4. The Office of Mediatorship and these things that belong unto it 5. The grounds of comfort and supports of faith arising to believers from Christs Mediation 1. The Name Mediator 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 properly signifies a midler whether he be such in regard of his Person or Office one betwixt two Gal. 3.20 Now a mediator is not a mediator of one but God is one And a Reconciler as the Hebrew word signifies Job 9.33 Neither is there any days-man betwixt us Grot. de satisf Christi chap. 8. that might lay his hand upon us both 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mochjach a Triester one who interposeth for taking away differences betwixt disagreeing parties It signifies also one that declareth things betwixt parties internuntius interpres one that goes betwixt parties and carries the mind of each to other in which sense Moses was a typical Mediator betwixt God and the Children of Israel who carried the will of God to them and carried back their answer to God Gal. 3.19 20 with Exod. 19.3 Chap. 20. v. 19. Deut. 5.5 And although Socinus plead that the word Mediator Socin de servat lib. 1. cap. 2. signifies nothing in Scripture but an Interpreter the falshood whereof doth evidently appear from Heb. 9.15 And for this cause he is the mediator of the new Testament that by means of death for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first testament they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance c. 1 Tim. 2.5 6 For there is one God and one Mediator between God and man the man Christ Jesus who gave himself a ransome for all to be testified in due time Also he would have Christ to be a Mediator only in this last sense that is Gods Interpreter yet all the three significations of the word do agree to Christ and he is called the Mediator of the new Covenant with respect to all the three 1. He is one betwixt two that middle person God and man equally distant from both equally drawing near to both parties and so in a fit capacity to mediate and interpose Mat. 1.23 And they shall call his name Emanuel which being interpreted is God with us He is the days-man the Reconciler and triester of the difference who hath interposed and actually composed the difference Eph. 2.14 16 For he is our peace who hath made both one And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross having slain the enmity thereby 2 Cor. 5.19 God was in Christ reconciling the world unto himself not imputing their trespasses unto them and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation Col. 1.20 And having made peace by the blood of his cross to him to reconcile all things to himself 3. He is the Mediator in this sense also and Interpreter who published and declared the new Covenant and the peace Eph. 2.17 And came and preached peace to you which were afar off and to them that were nigh He went betwixt the parties and carried the offers of one and the acceptation of the other In which respect he is called the Messenger or Angel of the Covenant Mal. 3.1 And so much for a taste of the Name and signification of the word Mediator of the thing we shall speak when we come to speak of the Mediators Person and Office More particularly Why is Jesus called the Mediator of the new Covenant Heb. 12.24 Or in what respects does this Name agree to him and what may it import I will not trouble the Reader with the enumeration of how often and ordinarily he is sound in medio in the middle Gerard. loc com de person c. offic Christi loc 4. c. 3. he that pleaseth may read it elsewhere But I think he is called the Mediator of the new Covenant upon a foursold account 1. In respect of his Person because he was a middle person participating of both parties 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 having interest in both parties God-man Immanuel God with us or God us Mat. 1.23 2. In respect of his Office not only a middle-person but a middle officer designed for a middle-work for dealing betwixt God and man in the great transaction of Recconciliation Col. 1.20 2 Cor. 5.19 3. In respect of his fitness and qualifications to interpose betwixt God and man whereof more afterward at this time but a passing-word of it He was the only fit person to lay hands on both parties In Heaven or Earth there was not found

this difference his Prophecy teaches the way of Reconciliation Acts 3.22 Him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you His Priesthood opened the way and purchased the peace Heb. 9.14 15 How much more shall the blood of Christ who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God And for this cause he is the Mediator of the new Testament that by means of death for the redemption of the Transgressors that were under the first Testament they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance His Kingdom doth effect and do the business John 12.32 And I if I be lifted up from the earth will draw all men unto me Col. 1.20 21 And having made peace through the blood of his cross by him to reconcile all things to himself I say whether they be things in earth or things in heaven And you that were sometimes alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works yet now hath he reconciled But yet we must not conceive the actings of these Offices in Christ separately nor appropriate to any of them solely the effecting Reconciliation or Salvation but understand it by way of eminency and so of the following particulars 2. These three Offices in our Mediator concur to do the same work but in divers ways that our Reconciliation and Salvation might be the more compleat and sure he would have us saved Heb. 7.25 to the utmost 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Camer in Myr. F. Goodwin Christ set forth Corn. Schrevel Lexic or as the word is rendred by some over and above all manner of ways for the word as some observe signifies Omni modum persecutionem omnem adeptus finem and absolute perfection in all manner of ways whereunto these three Offices in our Mediator concur 1. Christ as Priest through his death reconcileth us to God and saveth us as captives are redeemed by Ransom and Price Heb. 10.12 But this man after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever sat down on the right hand of God Col. 1.1 20 And having made peace through the blood of his cross by him to reconcile all things to himself Rom. 5.10 For if when we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son c. 2. Christ as King by his Resurrection and Ascension effectuates our Salvation by power and conquest Heb. 2.14 That through death he might destroy him that had the power of death that is the Devil Eph. 4.8 Wherefore he saith when he ascended up on high he led captivity captive and gave gifts unto men 3. Christ as Prophet effectuates our reconciliation with God and Salvation by our own consent informing our judgments begetting a good understanding betwixt God and us removing mistakes and making us willing to be reconciled unto him and saved by him Psal 110.2 3 The Lord shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning thou hast the dew of thy youth This he effects by Treaty till he hath concluded favour and friendship betwixt the parties by voluntary consent in a Covenant Rev. 22.17 And the Spirit and the Bride say Come 3. These Offices in our Mediator sweetly concur together to meet with three great Evils in our natural condition which are comprehensive of all our misery and to deal in taking them away 1. Christ as a Prophet dealeth with our Ignorance of God and blindness and removeth that by applying himself to us in the exercise of that teaching-Office Eph. 4.18 21 Having the understanding darkned being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them because of the blindness of their heart If so be that ye have heard him and been taught by him as the truth is in Jesus 2. Christ as Priest with his Atonement and Satisfaction dealeth with our alienation and estrangement from God and our enmity against him which is the fruit of our Ignorance of him and by making a satisfaction to of fended Justice he takes away the enmity Eph. 4.18 Being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them See Rom. 5.10 When we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son Col. 1.21 And you that were sometimes alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works yet now hath he reconciled 3. Christ as a King dealeth with our Impotency and Rebellion which is the third great evil in our unnatural condition which he sweetly subdueth by the power and dominion of his grace Psalm 45.5 Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the kings enemies whereby the people fall under thee Rev. 6.2 And he went forth conquering and to conquer Or the harmony of these Offices may be conceived thus 1. That Christ as a Prophet dealeth eminently with the understandings of men to perswade and convince them by his teaching 2 Cor. 4.4 6 In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not lest the light of the glorious Gospel of Christ who is the image of God should shine in them for God who commanded the light to shine out of darkness hath shined in our hearts to give the light of the knowledg of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ 2. Christ as a Priest as a merciful loving condescending man who hath laid down his life for us useth entreaties and dealeth with the affections mainly when the judgment is informed by his prophesie and teaching 2 Cor. 5.20 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ as though God did beseech you by us we pray you in Christs stead be ye reconciled to God 3. Christ as King dealeth with the wills of men the proudest and highest enemy that Christ hath in our nature which he subdues and overpowers by determinating grace Psal 110.3 Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power 4. These three Offices in our Mediator do most pleasantly conspire in aiding and supporting one another that each Office may be vigorous and effectual for the end of his Mediation And here consider 1. How the prophecy of Christ is aiding to his Priesthood and Kingdom 1. By teaching what the Priesthood and Kingdom of Christ are and the way how reconciliation and peace is to be made His prophecy teaches those mysteries of the Kingdom and our salvation which otherways we could not know Joh. 1.18 No man hath seen God at any time the only begotten Son which is in the bosome of the Father he hath declared him It sheweth 1. Where a Sacrifice is to be had and a power to make out our peace which upon the matter is the Priesthood and Kingdom of Christ Acts 5.31 Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour to give repentance to Israel and forgiveness of

to hearken and pulled away the shoulder and stopped their ears that they should not hear Heb. 12.25 See that ye refuse not him that speaketh for if they escaped not who refused him that spake on cauth much more shall not we escape if we turn away from him that speaketh from Heaven Neh. 9.10 And testified against them by thy spirit in the Prophets yet would they not give ear therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the Lands 3. If you receive him in this Covenant-relation you must take his testimony for sufficient proof of whatsoever he speaks unto you lay such weight upon his witnessing that it may be to you an end of all strife and controversie 1 Joh. 5.9 10 If we receive the witness of men the witness of God is gr●●●er He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself He that believeth not God hath made him a lyar because he believeth not the record that God gave of his Son You must believe his Witness else you wrong him exceedingly Joh. 14.11 Believe me that I am in the father and the father in me or else believe me for the very works sake Psal 35.3 Say unto my soul I am thy salvation 4. If you receive him as the Witness of the Covenant having received him in this Covenant-relation you may never come in the contrary of any thing that he saith you must neither suspect nor quarrel nor be jealous of any thing which he hath witnessed Prov. 14.5 A faithful witness will not lye For Christ will no more lye unto you wherein he hath sworn and witnessed than God will lye unto him which is impossible Psal 80.35 Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lye unto David Heb. 6.17 Wherein God willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel confirmed it by an Oath 5. If you receive him as the Witness of the Covenant then must you not only receive whatsoever he saith for a cerrain truth of the Covenant but what he speaketh not and testifieth not concernining your Covenant-state and relation that you must take to be no truth though it were otherwise suggested to you by temptation Joh. 14.2 In my fathers house are many mansions if it were not so I would have told you I go to prepa●● a place for you If he had other thoughts towards you then those which he hath told you he would have revealed them I speak to believers Jer. 29.11 For I know the thoughts that I think towards you saith the Lord thoughts of peace and not of evil to give you an expected end 6. Whatsoever way he doth witness and testifie take his Witness and prescribe not a way unto him but make all his ways of witnessing welcome whether he Witness by his word or by his work by his spirit or by your spirit 2 Pet. 1.19 We have also a more sure word of prophecy whereunto ye do do well that ye take heed as unto a light that shineth into a dark place until the day dawn and the day-star arise in your hearts 1. Joh. 5.10 He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself Rom. 8.16 The spirit it self beareth witness with our spirit that we are the Children of God Neh. 9.30 Yet many years didst thou forbear them and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy Prophets Rom. 10.8 But what saith it the word is nigh thee even in thy mouth and in thy heart that is the word of faith which we preach Vse 4. For decision of the great practical controversies which are in the world to say nothing here of Doctrinal controversies relating to the Covenant which are also decided by his Testimony as well those which are amongst Athiests and in the unbelieving world as those which are among believers Christ is given for a Witness to the people and what he saith must put an end to every controversie 1. It 's a controversie to the world whether time shall have an end or whether the fashion of this world shall pass away or whether all things shall continue as now they are and whether too morrow shall be as this day Psal 49.11 Their inward thought is that their houses shall continue for ever Isa 56.12 Come y●● say they I will fetch wine and we will fill our selves with strong drink and to morrow shall be as this day and much more abundant The Witness of the Covenant hath decided the controversie by his Testimony and Oath and hath said that time shall be ●o more Rev. 10.6 2. It 's a controversie to the world whether Eternity be coming after time or whether there be another life and world after this 2 Pet. 3.4 And saying where is the promise o● his coming For since the fathers fell asleep all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation The Witness of the Covenant hath decided this also Rev. 22.20 He which testifieth these things saith surely I come quickly Amen Tit. 1.2 In hope of eternal life which God that cannot lye promised before the world began Joh. 6.47 Verily verily I say unto you he that believeth on me hath everlasting life 30 It 's a controversie to the world whether there be any resurrection and judgment to come or any immortality of the Soul Isa 22.13 And behold joy and gladness slaying oxen and killing sheep eating flesh and drinking wine let us eat and drink for to morrow we shall dye Luk. 12.19 And I will say to my soul soul thou hast much golds laid up for many years take thine ease eat drink and be merry The Witness of the Covenant hath decided that controversie and testifieth that he himself had experience of it he was dead and is alive Rev. 1.18 I am he that liveth and was dead and behold I am alive for evermore Amen Joh. 6.40 And this is the will of him that sent me that every one that seeth the Son and believeth on him may have everlasting life and I will raise him up at the last day Heb. 12.23 To the general assembly and Church of the first born which are written in Heaven and to God the Judg of all and to the spirits of just men made perfect Mat. 22.23 to 31. 4. It 's a controversie to the world whether there be any Heaven or Hell they say in their hearts who knoweth that there are such things and what they be and where they are Luk. 16.31 And he said unto him If they hear not Moses and the Prophets neither will they be perswaded though one rose from the dead Isa 28.15 Because ye have said we have made a Covenant with death and with Hell are we at agreement when the overflowing scourage shall pass through it shall not come unto us The Witness of the Covenant testifieth that there are such things and that he saw both and experienced the truth of the things that are written of them Psal

discouraged till he have set judgment in the earth and the Isles shall wait for his law I the Lord have called thee in righteousness and will hold thine hand and will keep thee and give thee for a covenant of the people for a light of the Gentiles And so Jesus saith of himself Heb. 10.5 A body hast thou prepared or fitted me to the same purpose also the Apostle tells us Gal. 4.4 That he was not only made of a woman but made under the law i. e. ordained and fitted for taking on our condition in Law or our Law-place and room as well as our nature 3. The investing of him in this relation he was ma●e the Surety i. e. He was invested constitute and set ind that Covenant-relation unto which he was ordained and for which he was fitted therefore he was made with an oath And the Lord sware unto him Heb. 7.21 and Joh. 6.27 Him hath the father sealed i. e. invested him and constituted him under his commission and seal 2. This imports some things upon Christs part He was made Surety God made him Surety his father made him and he made himself the Surety he was willingly made Surety by his own free consent and Covenant the Scriptures speak frequently of his consent and of the making of himself whatsoever his father made him Phil. 2.7 8 He made himself of no reputation c. and he humbled himself Joh. 10.18 No man taketh my life from me but I lay it down my self I say on Christs part this doth import 1. His eternal condeseending to empty himself and to take on him our nature and our room and place under the Law he was made Surety he condescended and agreed to take upon him both our nature and our condition Heb. 2.14 16 Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood he also himself likewise took part of the same that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death that is the devil For verily he took not on him the nature of Angels but he took on him the seed of Abraham Phil. 2.6 7 Who being in the form of God thought it not robbery to be equal with God but made himself of no reputation and took upon him the form of a servant and was made in the likeness of men 2. His engaging and plighting his faith and truth to perform whatsoever he did condesceud and agree unto by his act of Suretiship so that whatsoever the law could exact of us he plighted his faith to fulfil that he was made Surety i.e. He did promise and strike hands to satisfie all that the Law could demand of his people for so the word Surety signifieth as I have already shewed you Prov. 22.26 to make satisfaction for the sins done against or under the first Covenant and Testament Heb. 9.15 And for this cause he is the mediator of the new Testament that by means of death for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first Testament they which are called might receive the promise of eternal inheritance Rom. 3.25 Whom God had set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past through the forbearance of God Heb. 10.5 7 Wherefore when he cometh into the world he saith Sacrifice and offering thou wouldst not but a body hast thou prepared me then said I Lo I come in the volume of the book it written of me to do thy will O God 3. His performance of all these things unto which he did agree and for which he plighted his faith by his act of Suretiship he was made the Surety i. e. He payed the debt he satisfied the Law he stood in the place of the broken men till Justice said It is enough and till he himself said It is finished Isa 53 throughout 2 Cor. 5.21 For he hath made him to be sin for us who knew no sin that we might be made the righteousness of God in him Gal. 3.13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law being made a curse for us Thus did Jesus the Surety of the better Testament 1. By an eternal transaction agree and condescend to put his name in the bond and writ of the Law that stood over our head Deut. 27.26 Gal. 3.10 2. Thus did he engage for us and act himself to answer at the demands of Law and Justice Heb. 10.7 Gal. 4.4 3. Thus did Jesus in due time discharge and perform and actually was made a curse for us Gal. 3.13 From this voluntary relation of Christs Suretiship for his people ariseth a fourfold relation which is founded on this which relations betwixt Christ and his people import a nearness of conjunction and union with them and do contribute to the clearing the justice of God in smiting Christ for our sin and in our place and room 1. From Christs Suretiship ariseth a natural relation betwixt him and us that he is our kinsman and our brother of the same nature of the same flesh and blood with us this resulteth from his Suretiship whereby he condescended and agreed to take our nature upon him for otherwise he and we had never been of the same lump Heb. 2.11 14 16 For both he that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one for which cause he is not ashamed to call them brethren Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood he also himself likewise took part of the same For verily he took not on him the nature of Angels but he took on him the seed of Abraham 2. From his Suretiship flows a Legal relation betwixt Christ and us that he and we are one party in the Law that his satisfaction and payment is ours and that our debt is his that what he did and suffered we did it Legally in him this proceeds from his Suretiship because when he was made Surety of the Covenant he put himself in the bond and writ of the Law and put in our names in the 〈◊〉 writ Gal. 2.20 I am crucified with Christ Nevertheless I live yet not I but Christ liveth in me Rom. 6.5 For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death we ●●all be also in the likeness of his resurrection 3. From Christs Suretiship proceeds a foedenal relation betwixt him and his people whereby they are his and he is theirs by Covenant whereby he and his people have one God and Father by Covenant Psal 89.26 He shall cry unto me thou art my father my God and the rock of my Salvation Joh. 20.17 But go to my brethren and say unto them I ascend unto my father and your father and to my God and your God Heb. 1.5 For unto which of the Angels said be at any time Thou art my son this day have I begotten thee and again I will be to him a father and he shall be to me a son This also floweth from his

not in our stead for it cannot be said that we intercede in him for this is the accomplishment of all the work and so proper to himself only as Mediator being the Crown of all his works of Mediation 4. Christ is a Surety on Gods part to man and on mans part to God 1. I say Jesus the Mediator of the new Covenant is a Surety for God to man that is he who made faith upon the Covenant on Gods behalf who is engaged to make good all the promises thereof to us De Lushington comment ad Heb. 7.22 Grotius ad Heb. 7.22 and upon this head the Socinians and we differ not for in this sense the Apostle calleth Jesus the Surety of a better Testament though not only in this sense as they affirm Heb. 7.22 And in this sense Jesus may be called Surety of the Covenant for four reasons or in four respects 1. As he is a party contracting on Gods behalf with his people because Christ is he who makes the Covenant and all the promises he who contracteth a Covenant with us in his fathers name He is the Angel of the Covenant Mal. 3.1 who said to Moses I am the God of thy fathers Act. 7.32 38. 2. As he is undertaker and engager for God to make his promises good to us because he undertaketh on Gods part that all his promises shall be made good and effectual to us-ward Therefore we find that these Scriptures of the old Testament which promise the fulfilling of the Covenant in the Elect and the acting of it upon their hearts the promises of a new heart and of forgiveness and perseverance c. Jer. 31.34 and 32.39 40. The making of these promises and undertaking for Gods making them good is ascribed to Christ by the Apostle Heb. 8.6 8 10 11 12 3. As he is performer of what God hath promised because Christ doth not only undertake for God but he dischargeth his undertaking for him by fulfilling these promises for Christ is he who performeth and fulfilleth the promises of God unto his people even he who appeared to Moses in the Bush and had an active hand in the delivery of his Church out of Egypt whereby he fulfilled the promise made to Abram Gen. 15.14 This was he that saw their affliction and came down to deliver Act. 7.34 And was with them all the way in the Wilderness 1 Cor. 10.9 Exod. 23.21 This is he who is advanced above Moses as a more spiritual and effectual Minister and Priest who acteth the Covenant on his peoples hearts Heb. 8.6 10. 4. As he is confirmer of the Covenant because he ratified it on Gods part for in him all the promises thereof are yea and in him they are Amen 2 Cor. 1.20 For as they are made to him eminently as the chief heir of the promises and for him as he by whose merit the grace promised is given to us and so also the promises are made firm and stable to us in him and through him who did ratifie the Covenant Gal. 3.15 17 19 Brethren I speak after the manner of men though it be but a mans covenant yet if it be confirmed no man disannulleth or addeth thereto And this I say that the covenant that was confirmed before of God in Christ till the seed should come to whom the promise was made Heb. 9.16 17 For where a Testament is there must also of necessity be the death of the Testator For a Testament is of force after men are dead otherwise it is of no strength at all whilst the Testator liveth And who did make faith for confirming all things whatsoever are promised in it Joh. 5.24 Verily verily I say unto you he that heareth my word and believeth on him that sent me hath everlasting life and shall not come into condemnation but is passed from death unto life Pareus ad locum Diod. annot ad Heb. 7.22 And in this respect mainly some learned expositors understand Heb. 7.22 Christ to be called Surety of a better Testament because he did confirm it Unto this part of Christs Suretiship doth Mr. Brinsley refer the assurance given unto us by Christs word Joh. 5.24 by his works Joh. 5.36 Mark 16.17 20. by his blood Heb. 9.12 17. Zech. 9.11 and by his spirit Rom. 8.16 1 Joh. 5.8 Which you may read at more length in his treatise of the Mediator pag. 145 c. 2. Cat. Racov. c. 8. p 183 184. Socin de servat lib. 2. c. 8. Jo. Crell advers Grot. p. 1. c. 5. Ja. Arm. exam Perkins edit Bertianae p. 676. Jo. Schlichting ad Heb. c. 7. v. 22. Christ is Surety of the Covenant for mans part to God this is denied by the Socinians who will have him Surety of the Covenant only in the sense before mentioned and upon the matter the same is denied by Arminians also Let us endeavour to clear and establish the truth We may sum up Christs Suretiship for man to God in these three parts The first relates unto the violation of the Law and broken Covenant of works The second unto the performance of the Condition of the new Covenant yea even of the preceptive part of the Law and Covenant in so far as it stands in force towards believers The third relateth unto the persons of those for whom he hath undertaken what the Law did threaten Cautions and what the Gospel doth command In all these three parts of his Suretiship 1. We are still to distinguish his undertaking from his discharging of that which he undertook for in all thing appertaining to his Suretiship he did first undertake as I have shewed by an eternal agreement with his father and afterwards he did fulfil and discharge his undertaking 2. We are to consider that though his undertaking in all these parts of his Suretiship for man was at once by one eternal act and Covenant of Suretiship with God yet his discharging of that undertaking is brought about in different periods of time so as at one time he satisfies for the breach of the first Covenant at another time he fulfilleth the condition of the new Covenant in his people and at another time he fulfilleth what he undertook concerning their persons to save them compleatly which may remain unperformed when the former two are discharged For it was not the intent of God that by Christs Suretiship the sinner should be immediately delivered from the whole curse of the Law and invested in the whole blessing of the new Covenant 3. There is an order of Christs discharging his intire Suretiship for the Elect for Christs satisfaction to the Law goes before the new Covenant and treating of new conditions for the sinner there can be no treating on new terms till the old be satisfied and again both these go before the performance of some things which Christ the Surety hath undertaken concerning the persons of the Elect for a person loosed from the law and married to another husband may

submission to it He knew well enough it would be too late to wait for our call He knew that we might dye in our sin before we sent for the Physician he did well foresee our slowness and backwardness to give him employment for making our peace and therefore he prevented us John 8.27 Heb. 10.9 2. This may establish our hearts in the faith of the weight and prevalency of Christs Mediation he being no Usurper but a called chosen person set in lawful Authority all whose travels receive weight from his Place and Calling for because he was sent and had a commandment to travel in the work of his peoples Redemption therefore the work that was set him to do must prosper and his travels with both the parties must prevail Joh. 10.36 Say ye of him whom the Father hath sanctified and sent unto the world Thou blasphemest because I said I am the Son of God Isa 53.10 11 By his knowledg shall my righteous Servant justifie many for he shall bear their iniquities He shall see of the travel of his soul and shall be satisfied 3. This should bear upon us a necessity of receiving the Mediator in his travels about Reconciliation He is in his Office and called to travel with you about this work take heed how you entertain and answer his propositions of peace now he is making proposals of peace to you by virtue of this Office which he bears 2 Cor. 6.2 Behold now is the accepted time behold now is the day of salvation Ch. 5. v. 20 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ as though God did beseech you by us we pray you in Christs stead be ye reconciled to God Heb. 2.1 3 Therefore we ought to give the more earnest heed to the things that we have heard lest at any time we should let them slip How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation Your slighting of the Gospel beside the neglect of so great salvation brought to you in the offer hath also in it great slighting of a chosen Officer and of a Person called and put in high authority by God to travel with you in the business of your peace Heb. 12.25 See that ye refuse not him that speaketh for if they escaped not who refused him that spake on earth much more shall not we escape if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven 4. This speaks comfort to believers Christ is Mediator betwixt God and you by an eternal call from God his Father he needs not much entreaty to be about the Office whereunto he is called of God although it be no less your duty to entreat his favour as the Disciples did than if he had no other calling to it but your invitation Luke 24.29 But they constrained him saying Abide with us for it is towards evening and the day is far spent and he went in to tarry with them If you should at any time apprehend that he would refuse your entreaties which you have no ground to think yet he will not he cannot shake off his Father's calling to mediate for you he dealeth betwixt God and you by virtue of an Office which having taken upon him by voluntary submission the duties of that Office lye upon him through a blessed necessity as is written of the High-Priest who was a type of him That by reason hereof to wit of his Office he ought to offer for sins Heb. 5.3 And 8.3 For every High-priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer Comfort your selves believers in Christ that besides all the supports of your faith which you may have from his union of nature with you and his unction from his propriety in you and consanguinity with you from his gracious qualifications for that work you have this moreover That he is your Mediator by Calling by Office and can no more decline any thing that may be for your good than he can be unanswerable to his Fathers Calling or unfaithful in his Office and in the performing the duties thereof which is impossible CHAP. XI Of Christs taking onr nature upon him which is his grand qualification for the Office of Mediatorship CHrists qualification and fitness for this Office of Mediatorship may be considered 1. In his taking our nature upon him wherein consists the grand qualification and fundamental fitness of Christ for being Mediator of the New Covenant And 2. In other qualifications which result from the union of the two natures in him Or we may consider Christs qualifications for this Office in the union of these two natures in him 2. In his unction And 1. of Christs coming in the flesh and taking our nature upon him which I call the chief and grand qualification of him for Mediatorship This is a fundamental truth and yet a great mystery We think we know this so well that it is below us to study it to preach it and to hear of it but you are not at the bottom of your unbelief and ignorance if you know not that this mystery is little known and believed God manifested in the flesh seen of Angels with study and delight 1 Tim. 1.16 with 1 Pet. 1.10 11 12. We shall consider 1. The reality of his human nature and the assuming of it 2. The transcendent love and condescention shewed by the Son of God in the taking our nature upon him 3. The honour and exaltation of our nature yea and of us by Jesus Christ his taking it into a personal union with the Divine nature 4. How or in what respects the taking of our nature upon him did qualifie him to be Mediator of the New Covenant 5. Something for the clearing of some questions relating to this Mystery And 1. He took our nature really upon him Jesus Christ became truly man as kindly a man as ever lived verus sed non merus homo true man but not meer man That word Rom. 8.3 similitude of flesh is put for sameness as Augustine observes Non quia caro non erat caro sed quia peccati caro non erat Christs manhood was a true nature yet no sinful nature but had only the similitude or likeness of sinful flesh because he bare all our infirmities in which we lay through sin And it may appear thus 1. Jesus Christ hath taken mans nature upon him Heb. 2.16 For verily he took not on him the nature of angels but he took upon him the seed of Abraham 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he catched at it took hold of it it properly signifies to catch one who is running away or falling in a pit to fetch back or recover again the same word that 's used of Christ's catching hold of Peter when he was like to sink Mat. 14.31 it is answerable to the word used Gen. 19.16 of the Angels laying hold on Lot's hand So did Christ in taking our nature upon him 2. He took all the parts of a man body and

soul Mat. 26.38 Then saith he unto them My soul is exceeding sorrowful unto death Heb. 10.5 A body hast thou prepared me Luke 24.39 Behold my hands and my feet that it is I my self handle me and see for a spirit hath not flesh and bones as ye see me have 3. He hath all the names of a man Adam Enosh Ish Geber whereof see Zech. 6.12 and 13.7 Dan. 7.13 4. He took upon him all the affections of a man fear and sorrow and love and anger c. Mat. 26.38 My soul is exceeding sorrowful unto death Heb. 5.7 And was heard in that he feared Joh. 11.33 35 36 He groaned in the spirit and was troubled Jesus wept Then said the Jews Behold how he loved him Mat. 10.14 Aud when Jesus saw it he was much displeased Mat. 21.12 5. He took upon him all the sinless infirmities of a man to hunger thirst be weary ●afflicted tempted die c. Heb. 2.18 For in that he himself hath suffered being tempted Chap. 4. v. 15 For we have not an High-priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities but was in all points tempted like as we are yet without sin Chap. 5. v. 2 For that he himself also is compassed with infirmity Mat. 8.17 Himself took our iniquities and bare our sicknesses Chap. 4. v. 2 And when he had fasted forty days and forty nights he was afterwards an hungred 2. Consider in Christs taking our nature upon him his condescending love union betwixt God and man was the great design intended through the Mediator this is brought about by his condescension and our exaltation where love is it will stoop and the greater condescension the greater love These things hold forth infinite condescending in Christs taking our nature upon him 1. Consider who condescends thus The higher that the person be who condescends the more love is in his condescension if it be a great condescending for God to look down upon things here below Psal 113.46 The Lord is high above all nations and his glory above the heavens who humbleth himself to behold the things in the heaven and in the earth What then must it be for the Son of God to take upon him the form of a Creature Phil. 2.6 7 Who being in the form of God thought it not robbery to be equal with God But made himself of no reputation and took upon him the form of a servant and was made in the likeness of man That he that made the world should be made of a woman That the immortal God should become mortal flesh it were a great condescension that the soul of a man should enter into a worm or that all the Angels should become worms yet that were nothing to Christs stooping to take our nature upon him 2. Consider what he took upon him not our person but our nature Heb. 2.15 16 The seed of Abraham our flesh and blood that is our nature many can be content to take upon them the persons of men to represent them who yet would not be willing to take their nature but Christ took our nature 3. The end wherefore he took our nature upon him sheweth yet more of his condescending 1. It was that he might suffer and that he might die for us in that nature Phil. 2.8 And being found in fashion as a man he humbled himself and became obedient unto the death even the death of the cross Non ad gloriam sed ad ignominiam to be abased in our nature 2. It was for our good not for any thing that it could profit him Gal. 4.5 To redeem them that were under the law that we might receive the adoption of sons 4. He took our nature upon him not for a day or a short time but to continue so It may be a Prince at a Masque for a little time might be moved to take the form of a servant upon him but to continue so he would not be moved but here is infinite condescension Christ takes our nature upon him and keeps it still he will come again in our nature to judg the world Act. 1.11 This same Jesus which is taken up from you into heaven shall come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven Chap. 17. v. 31 Because he hath appointed a day in the which he will judg the world in righteousness by that man whom he hath ordained Though he doth nothing now in Heaven but acts of Majesty being a Priest set upon the right hand of the throne of Majesty Heb. 8.1 Yet he will do those acts in our nature yea when he shall deliver up the kingdom See Chap. 6. the Kingdom which he hath received as Mediator he will not lay down our nature 1 Cor. 15.24 5. Consider the time when he took our nature upon him not when our nature was a virgin but when it was defiled not mans nature in innocency but in his sinful corrupted condemned accursed estate Rom. 8.3 In the likeness of sinful flesh Chap. 5. v. 10 When we were enemies and when all the Creatures did hate us when we were not worth the following then he did thus condescend to love us and follow us 6. Consider the manner of his taking our nature upon him 1. He doth not personate our nature but is made flesh Joh. 1.14 2. He does it voluntarily and chearfully and with earnest desire when we were not following him but fleeing away from him he himself rose out of his place and followed after us and caught our nature as the words signifies Heb. 2.7 And took upon him the form of a servant Psal 40.7 Then said he Lo I come 3. He takes our nature upon him with all the infirmities of it Heb. 2.17 Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren Chap. 4. v. 15 For we have not an High-priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities but was in all points tempted like as we are yet without sin He would condescend so far that in all things he would be like us sin only excepted and even in that though he took not the corruption of sin yet he took upon him the guilt of our sin 2 Cor. 5. last For he hath made him to be sin for us who knew no sin He was legally the sinner though not intrinsecally and the punishment thereof Gal. 3.13 Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law being made a curse for us He was content to be numbred with the transgressors Isa 53.12 He was content to be punished for our sins even by God his Father And which is yet wonderful that he might come as near to us as possible he was content to condescend to be tempted to the thing wherewith it was impossible that he could be tainted Mat. 4.2 To be tempted of the Devil to sin and yet the Prince of the world had nought in him Joh. 14.20 7. Consider the comparison instituted by the Holy-Ghost which doth yet