could with our Shallop and did tench her in some places but neither calkeâ— her nor pitched her Then did wee take her and bring her downe close to the Shippe and there shee did stand all night On Munday the thirtieth day in the morning we went to worke to cut the Ice with Axes and Pick-axes to get our Shippe for all about the Iland was nothing but Ice and no place to ride free neither with Shippe nor Boate. That night it pleased God that wee got her out and came away rowing with our Oares but she was exceeding leake and our Shallop too and which was worse we had neuer a Rudder to stirre our Ship withall Wee rowed all that night among the Ice The first and second dayes of Iuly we continued also rowing vp and downe among the floting and driuing Ice with little hope of recouering our Countrey The third of Iuly we had a gale of winde at North and a great current setting to the Southward Then made we fast our Ship to an Iland of Ice and went to worke and to stow her things within boord to make her stiffe for wee had neuer a whit of balast in her Then did our Carpenter make what shift he could to hang our Rudder hauing nothing conuenient in our Ship to make Gudgins nor Pintels Then were we forced to breake open our Masters Chest and to take all the Iron bands off it to make fast two Pick-axes for two Pintels and to binde our Rudderâ— withall So as it pleased God that night we hanged our Rudder hauing but two Pintels and a Cable through the middle of it to keepe it to with two tacks Then were we in good hope to get cleare of the Ice because wee had some steerage though it was but bad for before we durst beare but little sayle our Ship being so leake and her stemme so sore beaten with the rocks and Ice and hauing no steerage but were forced to rowe with our Oares till wee were all sore and weary The next day about tenne of the clocke in the morning the winde came to the West North-west and was faire weather so we steered away East and by North to get vs out of the Bay And at noone the watch being out which was the third watch that we had after we came out of the Countrey for before continually we did watch all to keepe our Shippe cleare of the Ice as neere as we could we began to Pumpe our Shippe but could not make her sucke in a thousand stroakes if she had stood but one halfe houre vnpumped Then were wee forced to vnromage our Ship to see if we could finde our leakes We soone found a great many of leakes but not that which caused vs to Pumpe so sore At the last we found it close abaft our forefoot where her keele was splintred in two or three places where the Sea came running in so fast that it was not possible to keepe her free with both our Pumps and wee could not come to it to stop it for it was vnder the timbers Then did wee take our maine Bonnet and basted it with Occom and put it ouerboord right against our leake which eased vs some foure or fiue hundred stroakes in an houre Then vpon consultation had among our selues wee resolued to shape our course towards Newfound Land to see if we could get any place to mend our Ship hoping there to meete with some English or French men At this time we had one of our men very sicke and another had his hand very sore splitted and most of vs all were so sore with rowing and pumping that we were scarce able to stirre but that we must perforce The fift of Iulie wee shaped our course for New found Land with the winde at West South-west The one and twentieth the winde was at South South-west and we fell with the Land being nothing but broken Ilands Then we stood to the Westward being in the latitude of 49. degrees and an halfe The two and twentieth was faire weather and the winde very variable and about sixe of the clocke at night the winde came to the West North-west Then we steered in among the Ilands to see if we could finde any harbour to mend our Shippe for she was very leake When we were come in among them we found nothing but broken Ilands and a great current which did set from Iland to Iland and had no ground at an hundred fathoms That night we were very sore intangled with sunken Rocks and in great danger of casting away our Ship hauing very thicke weather wherefore we kept to and fro all that night The foure and twentieth of Iuly in the morning we spied some dozen Shallops which were fishing some two leagues from vs. Then wee made what way wee could toward them c. We remained in this Bay of Fogo in repairing our Shippe and refreshing of our selues vntill the two and twentieth of August Then taking our leaues of our kinde and louing friends with giuing them most heartie thankes for their goodnesse towards vs we put forth to the Sea and with an indifferent and reasonable good passage we arriued safely in Dartmouth in Deuonshire and sent word to London vnto our owners of the losse of our Master and his three companions and of the dolefull successe of our Voyage the foure and twentieth day of September 1606. The rest of this Iournall from the death of Master Iohn Knight was written by Oliuer Browne one of the Company CHAP. XVII The fourth Voyage of IAMES HALL to Groeneland wherein he was set forth by English Aduenturers Anno 1612. and slaine by a Greenelander Written by WILLIAM BAFFIN WEdnesday the eight of Iuly 1612. in the morning I perceiued the Sunne and the Moone both very faire aboue the horizon as I had done diuers times before At which time I purposed to finde out the longitude of that place by the Moones comming to the Meridian Most part of this day I spent about finding of the Meridian line which I did vpon an Iland neere the Sea hanging at the extreames of my Meridian line two threeds with Plummets at them instead of an index and sights Thursday the ninth day very early in the morning I went on shoare the Iland being a faire morning and obserued till the Moone came iust vpon the Meridian At which very instant I obserued the Sunnes height and found it 8. degrees 53. minutes North in the eleuation of the Pole 65. degrees 20. minutes By the which working by the doctrine of sphericall triangles hauing the three sides giuen to wit the complement of the Poles eleuation the complement of the Almecanter and the complement of the Sunnes declination to finde out the quantitie of the angle at the Pole I say by this working I found it to be foure of the clocke 17. minutes and 24. seconds Which when I had done I found by mine Ephemerides that the Moone came to
beginnings of the China Kingdome and of their admirable Wall pag. 263. § 4. Mindo Salt pits Mines of Coretumbaga Copper-workes Idolatrie and Christianitie China Trades and Riuer Faires their comming to Pequin triall and sentence Rarities of Pequin pag. 269. § 5. Foure buildings incredibly admirable in Pequin and diuers of their superstitions their Hispitals and prouisions for the Poore The Kings reuenues and Court their Sects pag. 273. § 6. Their remooue to Quansie quarrels miseries Tartarian huge Armie and losse at the siege of Pequim reported Quansie taken and Nixianco Mendez his exploit Their entertainment by the Tartar King and going to Cauchinchina with his Embassadours with many Tartarian obseruations pag. 277. CHAP. III. Spanish plantation of the Philippinas and what entercourse hath thence hapned betwixt them and the Chinois pag. 282. § 1. First discouerie of the Philippinas written by Friar Iuan Gonzales de Mendoza ibid. § 2. First plantation of the Philippinas by Michael Lopez de Legaspi pag. 284. § 3. Of Limahon a China Robber and Rouer by whose occasion the Spaniards sent into China pag. 286. § 4. Friar Martin de Herrada and other Spaniards entertainment in China and their returne to the Philippinas pag. 292. Two Letters taken out of Bartolome Leonardo de Argensola his Treatise called Conquista de las Islas Malucas printed at Madrid 1609. pag. 336 337. mentioning the comming of two English ships to China which seeme to be two ships of the fleet of Beniamin Wood The former written by the Visitor of Chincheo in China vnto the Gouernour of the Philippinas Don Pedro de Acunna H. P. pag. 309. The Answere of Don Pedro de Acunna Gouernour of the Philippinas to the Visitor of Chincheo in China pag. 310. CHAP. IIII. The report of a Mahometan Merchant which had beene in Cambalu and the troublesome trauell of Benedictus Goes a Portugall Iesuite from Lahor to China by land thorow the Tartars Countries pag. 310. CHAP. V. A generall collection and historicall representation of the Iesuites entrance into Iapon and China vntill their admission in the Royall Citie of Nanquin pag. 316. § 1. Of Francis Xauier Melchior Nunnes Valignanus Ruggerius and Pasius ibid. § 2. Iaponian Embassage to the Pope Of Nabunanga and Quabacondono their gouernment Corai inuaded Embassage from China Taicosamas Temple and Ogoshosamas succession pag. 322. § 3. Ruggerius enters againe into China with Ricius and is forced backe to Amacao thence sent for againe by the Vice-roy Sande and Almeida are sent to them and enter the Countrey as farre as Cequion and returne to Sciauchin pag. 327. § 4. False brethren and others accusations detected they are expelled Sciauchin erect a Seat at Xauceum Monasterie of Nanhoa and other things of note in those parts They alter their habit Voyage to Nanquin the Lake Riuers Idols and other rarities pag. 332. § 5. Nanquin described Ricius expelled thence he setleth at Nancian thence goeth to Nanquin againe and to Pequin description of it the way thither the Kings Palace and of Suceu and Hamceu pag. 338. § 6. Letters from Father Longobard and Taiso Ricius his entertainment at Nanquin and residence there The Chinois vnlearned learning pag. 343. CHAP. VI. A Letter of Father Diego de Pantoia one of the Companie of IESVS to Father Luys de Guzman Prouinciall in the Prouince of Toledo written in Paquin which is the Court of the King of China the ninth of March the yeere 1602. H. P. pag. 350. § 1. Difficulties of entring China their dwelling at Nanquin going from thence to Paquin with Presents for the King troubles in the way by an Eunuch pag. 350. § 2. The King sends for them is delighted with their Clocks and Pictures they are shut vp after take a House are admired for learning Christianitie of China pag. 356. § 3. The description of the Kingdome of China of Catay and Musk the diuision into Prouinces Cities and Townes described Riuer Shipping Commodities Diet and feeding pag. 360. § 4. Their moneyes apparell persons trades wealth learning marriages superstitions rites and opinions pag. 366. § 5. Their bad Souldierie and Artillerie Degrees priuiledges honours and promotions of learning Their Authors and Bookes and Printing The Mandarins commended pag. 369. § 6. Of the gouernment of China Of the Mandarins the China complements and manifold nicities pag. 372. § 7. Of their Women Of the Tartars Conquest acts and expulsion The greatnesse of the King and neighbouring States Of the Queenes Eunuchs pag. 375. CHAP. VII A discourse of the Kingdome of China taken out of Ricius and Trigautius contayning the countrey people gouernment religion rites sects characters studies arts acts and a Map of China added drawne out of one there made with Annotations for the vnderstanding thereof pag. 380. § 1. Of the name scite and greatnesse the Tributaries commoditie arts printing seales inke pencill-pennes and fannes ibid. § 2. Of their Characters and writing downeward their studies Ethikes Astrologie Physike authentike Authors Degrees how taken both Philosophicall and Militarie pag. 384. § 3. Of the Tartarian conquest Of Humuâ— the Establisher of the present gouernment The Reuenues Magistrates in the Courts Royall Prouinces Cities Orders Exaltations Visitations Depriuations pag. 387. § 4. Their manifold rites in Salutations Entertainments and other ciuilitie to the King and Magistrates Of Burials and Marriages Birth-dayes their Men Women Names and Games Habites pag. 391. § 5. Of their Superstitions Cruelties feares of Magistrates of the Kings kindred of Strangers and Souldiers Their Deities and three Sects Priests Nunnes Monasteries Legends Lyes pag. 395. § 6. Of strangers and forraine Religions in China pag. 399. § 7. The Map of China taken out of a China Map printed with China Characters illustrated with Notes for the vnderstanding thereof pag. 401. CHAP. VIII A continuation of the Iesuites Acts and obseruations in China till Ricius his death and some yeers after Of Hanceu or Quinsay An Extract of Monfaâ—ts trauell pag. 405. The Contents of the Chapters and Paragraphs in the third Booke of the first part of Purchas his PILGRIMS CHAP. I. A Treatise of Russia and the adioyning Regions written by Doctor Giles Fletcher Lord Ambassadour from the late Queene Euer-glorious Elizabeth to Theodore then Emperour of Russia A. D. 1588. pag. 413. CHAP. II. A briefe discouerie of the Northerne discoueries of Seas Coasts and Countries deliuered in order as they were hopefully begun and haue euer since happily beene continued by the singular industrie and charge of the Worshipfull Societie of Muscouia Merchants of London with the ten seuerall Voyages of Captaine Thomas Edge the Authour pag. 462. § 1. Greenland first discouered by Sir Hugh Willoughby the Voyages of Frobisher Pet and Iackman Dauis the Dutch First Morse and Whale-killing with further discoueries ibid. § 2. Dutch Spanish Danish disturbance also by Hull men and by a new Patent with the succeeding successe and further discoueries till this present pag. 466. § 3. The description of the
were either taken or slaine albeit they thought in their Pride they could haue ouer-runne the whole Kingdome of Armenia and deuoure all â—he Christians there at a morsell This was performed on the Lords Day being the eighteenth of Iuly after which conflict the Saracens durst no more enter into the Kingdome of Armenia But the Soldan sent to the King of Armenia to make truce with him which was agreed betweene them 46. I Frier Haython hauing beene present at all the said proceedings had purposed long before to haue taken a Regular Habit vpon me and to haue entred into Religion But by reason of many impediments and difficulties in the Affaires of the Kingdome of Armenia I could not with my honour forsake my friends and kindred in such extremities But seeing that Gods goodnesse had beene so gracious vnto me as to leaue the Kingdome of Armenia and the Christian people there after my manifold labours and trauels in quiet and peaceable estate I then tooke the time to performe that Vow which before I had vowed Therefore hauing taken my leaue of my Lord the King and of the rest of my kindred and friends euen in that field where God gaue the Christians Victorie ouer their Enemies I beganne my Iourney and comming to Cyprus in the Monasterie of Episcopia tooke a Regular Habit of the Order Premonstratensis to the end that hauing serued the World as a Souldier in my youth I might spend the rest of my life in the Seruice of God forsaking the pompe of this World which was in the yeere of our Lord 1305. Therefore I render thankes vnto God that the Kingdome of Armenia is at this day in a good and peaceable estate and well reformed by the Moderne King Liueno Sonne to King Haython who is a Looking-glasse or patterne to all other Kings in all kinde of eminent vertue Moreouer the Compiler of this Worke affirmeth that he hath come three manner of wayes to the knowledge of those things which hee declareth and writeth in this Booke For from the beginning of Changius Can who was the first Emperour of the Tartars vntill Mango Can who was their fourth Emperour I faithfully deliuer what I gathered out of the Histories of the Tartarians But from Mango Can to the death of Haloon I write that which I receiued of an Vncle of mine who writ the same by the commandement of Haiton King of Armenia and was present then at all the foresaid occurrences and with great diligence did often discourse make rehearsall of them to his Sonnes and Nephewes that they might remayne the better to Posteritie and from the beginning of Abaga Can to the end of this third part of this Booke the Author relateth those things which hee knew of himselfe as hauing beene present at them aâ—l whereby he is enabled to giue testimonie of the truth Now albeit we haue hitherto treated of the Histories and Deeds of the Tartarians there remayneth yet somewhat to be said concerning their Power and Dominion especially of those that are now liuing that it may the better bee knowne 47. The great Emperor of the Tartars which now holdeth the Empire is called Tamor Can being their sixt Emperour who keepeth his Residence in the Kingdome of Cathay in a very great City called Iong which his Father caused to be built as is aboue declared his power is very great For this Emperour alone is able to doe more then all the Tartarian Princes together and the Nations vnder his gouernment are reputed more noble and rich and better stored of all necessaries because that in the Kingdome of Cathay in which they now liue there is great abundance of riches Besides this great Emperour there are three other great Kings or Princes of the Tartars which rule each of them ouer many Nations yet are they all subiect to the Emperour and acknowledge him their naturall and Leige Lord. And the differences which happen betweene them are decided in the Emperours Court and determined by his Iudgement The first of these Kings is called Chapar another Hochtay and the third Carbanda This Chapar hath his Dominion in the Kingdome of Turquestan being the neerest to the Emperour It is thought that he is able to bring into the field foure hundred thousand Horsemen and these are bold and good Warriours but not so well furnished of Horse and Armour as were expedient The Emperours subiects doe many times make warre vpon them and they on the other side doe often inuade the people of Carbanda The Dominion of this Chapar was in ancient time subiect for the greatest part to a Lord called Doay Hochtay keepeth his Seat of Residence in the Kingdome of Cumania in a Citie called Asaro or Sara and it is said that he is able to bring six hundred thousand Horsemen to the fight yet are they not so much commended in Feats of Armes as the men of Chapar albeit they haue better Horses These make warre sometimes on the Subiects of Carbanda sometimes against the Hungarians and sometimes amongst themselues But Hochtay who ruleth at this present holdeth his Dominion peaceably and quietly Carbanda hath his Dominion in the Kingdome of Asia the Great and maketh his chiefe abode in the Citie of Tauris beeing able to bring three hundred thousand Horsemen to the field But these are gathered out of diuers parts being rich and well furnished with necessaries Chapar and Hochtay doe sometimes make warre vpon Carbanda but hee neuer medleth first with them neither moueth warres against any but that he sometimes inuadeth the Soldan of Egypt against whom his Predecessors haue fought many Battailes Chapar and Hochtay would willingly take from Carbanda his Dominion if they were able to effect it The reason whereof is this Asia is diuided into two parts the one part whereof being called the Lower or Deepe Asia is inhabited by the Emperour and those two Kings called Chapar and Hochtay The other part being the higher is called Asia the Greater in which Carbanda inhabiteth and hath Dominion Now there are only three wayes by which men may passe out of the Deeper or Lower Asia vnto the high Countrey called Asia Maior The one is out of the Kingdome of Turquestan to the Kingdome of the Persians another way there is called Derbent which lyeth neere the Sea where Alexander built the Citie called the Iron Gate as in the Histories of Cumania appeares the other way is to goe ouer the Sea called Mare maius which way lyeth through the Kingdome of Barca By the first way the subiects of Chapar cannot passe to the Territories of Carbanda without great danger and difficultie because they should find no feeding for their Horses in many dayes trauailes the Land being so dry and barren that before they could come to any fruitfull inhabited Countrey their Horses would be starued or at least so faint and wearied that they might be easily ouercome and therefore that way they
chiefe Leaders not for crueltie but for necessitie knowing very well that the meanes to cut off the Foot of ciuill warres is to punish the Heads of the same for they be Hydras which grow vp too fast §. II. Cataio Cambalu TAMERLANS expedition into China entring the Wall conquering the King and disposing of the Countrey and returne to Cataio AFter this the Armie marched into the Kingdome of Cataio a Countrey rich in grasse and in all kinds of pastures abounding with great quantitie of Beasts and People which knew not what warre meant The Prince gaue commandement that these people should not be accounted as Enemies but his good Subjects that hee would vse all the Cities well as Cangi Sochgi Gonzae Tagni Togara Congu which had reuolted and were come to sue for pardon at his hands in humbling themselues before him the which he granted vnto them enjoyning them onely to prouide sufficient victuals for his Armie which was of no small importance for the appeasing of others who had put all their hope in extremitie which is in losing their owne liues to make others doe the like and especially the Inhabitants of Cambalu had taken this resolution but being informed of the Emperours clemency changed their opinions In the meane while our Armie daily approched and at such time as we came neerest the more did the feare of all the Citie increase insomuch as the Prince was aduertised daily from those which fauoured his side of all things within the Citie and he was assured that euery one determined to obey the Conqueror and to doe whatsoeuer he commanded The which being knowne vnto the Prince he left all his Armie at Gonsa and himselfe went directly vnto the Citie of Cambalu where all things were made quiet by the meanes of thirtie thousand Souldiers being the ordinarie Garrison whom hee caused to enter thereinto before him and two houres after entred into the same himselfe being receiued with great magnificence not yeelding as yet to pronounce the word of pardon referring all vnto the Emperour and to the ordinarie course of Iustice. He stayed for the returne of one of his Fauourites whom he had sent vnto the Emperour to carry him newes of the victorie and of the death of Calix and that the chiefe of this Faction remayned prisoners with him also to know what Iustice the Emperour would appoint to bee inflicted on those Citizens which were the first beginners of the reuolt of this Citie for the Prince being desirous to be esteemed mercifull and to win loue within this great Citie would not execute justice of himselfe nor in his owne name but by the Emperour his Vncle whom hee did gratifie herein leauing the authoritie wholly vnto himselfe and by this meanes hee was not esteemed cruell Thus the Prince after hee had remayned here eight dayes departed He was not many dayes iourney from the Citie before he receiued tydings how the great Cham his Vncle willed that justice should bee executed on them which were the first Moouers of this reuolt the which was executed accordingly in the name of the Emperour and by his speciall ministers in such sort that as the people accused the crueltie of the Emperour they commended the mercy of Tamerlan Thus was this warre brought vnto an end to the great honour and reputation of Tamerlan As soone as our Prince was returned vnto his Army where hee found Odmar who there attended his comming hee was receiued of his Souldiers and with a loud voyce called by all his Captaines and Souldiers Most great Emperour and most victorious as they are accustomed to doe amongst the Tartarians The Prince after he had long discoursed with his Captaines both of the beautie and greatnesse of the Citie of Cambalu hee arriued at his Tent where after hee had declared vnto Odmar in what sort all things had passed at Cambalu he asked his aduice whether hee should goe and visit the Emperour his Vncle. Odmar well perceiued that the Prince desired it and called vnto his remembrance the honour which hee had receiued when hee was at Quinzai and that hee would haue beene very willing to spend the Winter with the Empresse staying for the Spring for to returne vnto the enterprise of China with a long speech disswaded him The Emperour answered him that he had euer knowne his fidelitie and loue and that the cause of his sadnesse was for that hee did not find in himselfe abilitie to recompence the same and that when he thought to giue himselfe some ease then was the time hee must in stead of the delicacies and pleasures of Quinzay make the Desarts of Cipribit the resting place from the trauailes of his new victorie that it was ended and his purposes determined I haue also heard the Prince say that Odmar did not speake vnto him like an earthly but diuine man and that he verily beleeued that God by his meanes did call him back from some misse-hap which would haue light vpon him to make his glorie increase the more Now the rumour was alreadie spread ouer all that the Princes determination was to goe and visit the Emperour his Vncle the which tickled euery man with desire to returne into his Countrey hoping to inioy the sweetnesse of his natiue soyle When as commandement was giuen for a generall reuiew of the whole Armie where the Emperour spake vnto his Souldiers in this manner Wee haue begunne my faithfull Souldiers an enterprise to goe and assault the King of China who hath of late repulsed euen beyond the Mountaynes the Tartarian name but wee were hindered to our great griefe by the foolish rashnesse of Calix and were driuen to turne the bridle for to punish him wherein you haue all assisted mee It grieueth mee that I cannot as well bragge of the fresh spoyles of a stranger as I may vaunt by the meanes of your weapons of those our vnfaithfull Citizens and in times past with your owne selues making tryall of my first Armes against the boldnesse of the fierce Moscouite although for this last ciuill victorie I am further indebted vnto you for your greater endeuour and the hazarding of your persons being much greater so were they our owne people who would not acknowledge vs whereof I cannot speake without shedding of teares desiring rather to burie such a victorie what glorie and honour soeuer wee haue gotten thereby Neither doe I recount these things vnto you but for to manifest that I forget not your faithfulnesse and the great trauaile you haue endured with mee Wee must not therefore bee wearie but must turne our weapons against those which thinke that wee are greatly troubled whereas wee are victorious Wee haue left our Companions who haue temporized to heare the euent and successe of our affaires all our munitions bee there wee must in that place my Souldiers and friendly Followers passe ouer the rest of Winter our Companions looke for vs. The Enemie is secure and looketh not for vs at this
Citie where these fellowes bee I informed my selfe of them and learned the truth These Moores as they told me in times past came in great Ships fraught with merchandise from Pachin ward to a Port granted vnto them by the King as hee is wont to all them that trafficke into this Countrey where they being arriued at a little Towne standing in the hauens mouth in time conuerted vnto their Sect the greatest Loutea there When that Loutea with all his family was become Moorish the rest began likewise to doe the same In this part of China the people bee at libertie euery one to worship and follow what him liketh best Wherefore no bodie tooke heed thereto vntill such time as the Moores perceiuing that many followed them in superstition and that the Loutea fauoured them they began to forbid wholly the eating of Swines-flesh But all this Countrey men and women choosing rather to forsake Father and Mother then to leaue off eating of Porke by no meanes would yeeld to that proclamation For besides the great desire they all haue to eate that kind of meate many of them doe hue thereby and therefore the people complained vnto the Magistrates accusing the Moores of a conspiracie pretended betwixt them and the Loutea against their King In this Countrey as no suspition no not one trayterous word is long borne withall so was the King speedily aduertised thereof who gaue commandement out of hand that the aforesaid Loutea should bee put to death and with him the Moores of most importance the other to be layd first in Prison and afterward to bee sent abroad into certaine Cities where they remayned perpetuall slaues vnto the King To this Citie came by hap men and women threescore and odde who at this day are brought to fiue men and foure women for it is now twentie yeeres agoe this happened Their off-spring passeth the number of two hundred and they in this Citie as the rest in other Cities whither they were sent haue their Moscheas whereunto they all resort euery Friday to keepe their Holiday But as I thinke that will no longer endure then whiles they doe liue that came from thence for their posteritie is so confused that they haue nothing of a Moore in them but abstinence from Swines-flesh and yet many of them doe eate thereof priuily They tell me that their natiue Countrey hath name Camarian a firme land wherein bee many Kings and the Indish Countrey well knowne vnto them It may so be for as soone as they did see our seruants our seruants were Preuzaretes they iudged them to bee Indians many of their words sounded vpon the Persicke tongue but none of vs could vnderstand them I asked them whither they conuerted any of the Chinish Nation vnto their Sect they answered me that with much adoe they conuerted the women with whom they doe marrie yeelding me no other cause thereof but the difficultie they finde in them to bee brought from eating Swines-flesh and drinking of Wine I haue learned morâ—ouer that the Sea whereby these Moores that came to China were wont to trauell is a very great gulfe that falleth into this Countrey out from Tartaria and Persia leauing on the other side all the Countrey of China and land of the Mogorites drawing alwayes toward the South and of all likelyhood it is euen so because that these Moores the which wee haue seene bee rather browne then white whereby they shew themselues to come from some warmer Countrey then China is neere to Pachin where the Riuers are frozen in the winter for cold and many of them so vehemently that Carts may passe oâ—er them Wee did see in this Citie many Tartars Mogorites Bremes and Laoynes both men and women The Tartars are men very white good Horse-men and Archers confining with China on that side where Pachin standeth separated from thence by great Mountaines that are betwixt these Kingdomes Ouer them bee certaine wayes to passe and for both sides Castles continually kâ—pt with Souldiers in time past the Tartars were wont alwayes to haue warres with the Chineans but these fourescore yeeres past they were quiet vntill the second yeere of our Imprisonment The Mogores bee in like manner white and Heathen wee are aduertised that of one side they border vpon these Tartars and confine with the Persicke Tartares on the other side whereof wee saw in them some tokens as their manner of cloathes and that kinde of Hat the Saracens doe weare The Mooresâ—ffirmed â—ffirmed that where the King lyeth there bee many Tartars and Mogorites â—hat brought into China certaine Blewes of great value As for the Bremes wee haue seene â—n this Citie Chenchi certaine men and women amongst whom there was one that came not long since hauing as yet her hayre tyed vp after the Pegues fashion this woman and other moe with whom a blacke Moore damosell in our company had conference and did vnderstand them well enough had dwelt in Peghu This new come woman imagining that wee meant to make our abode in that Citie bid vs to bee of good comfort for that her Countrey was not distant from thence aboue fiue dayes iourney and that out of her Countrey there lay a high way for vs home into our owne Being asked the way shee answered that the first three dayes the way lyeth ouer certaine great mountaines and wildernesse afterward people to bee met withall againe Thence two dayes iourney more to the Bremes Countrey Wherefore I doe conclude that Chenchi is one of the confines of this Kingdome separated by certaine huge Mountaines as it hath beene already sayd that lye out towards the South In the residue of these mountaines standeth the Prouince Sian the Laoyns Countrey Cambaia Chinapa and Cochinchina This Citie chiefe of other sixteene is situated in a pleasant Playne abounding in things necessarie Sea-fish onely excepted for it standeth farre from the Sea of fresh Fish so much store that the Market-places are neuer emptie The walls of this Citie are very strong and high one day did I see the Louteas thereof goe vpon the walls to take the view thereof borne in their seates I spake of before accompanied with a troupe of Horse-men that went two and two It was told me they might haue gone three and three Wee haue seene moreouer that within this aforesaid Citie the King hath more than a thousand of his kindred lodged in great Palaces in diuers parts of the Citie their gates bee red and the entrie into their houses that they may be knowne for that is the Kings colour These Gentlemen according to their nearnesse in bloud vnto the King as soone as they bee married receiue their place in Honour this place neither encreaseth nor diminisheth in any respect as long as the King liueth the King appointeth them their Wiues and Familie allowing them by the moneth all things necessarie abundantly as hee doth to his Gouernours of Shires and Cities howbeit
within answering Praised bee the Creator which gilded the beautious Heauens goe about and I will know thy businesse The Chinois went about and entring the backe â—oore opened that where Faria stood who with his companie going in found one man seeming aboue one hundred yeeres old in a long Russet Damaske garment by his presence seeming Noble as after wee learned he was who seeing such a troupe fell downe trembling hand and foot A good while it was before hee could speake and then asked what wee were and what we sought The Interpreter answered by Farias command that hee was the Captaine of these strangers of Siam who bound for the Port of Liampoo in trade of Merchandise was wracked at Sea hee and these escaping miraculously and therefore vowing to come to that Holy land on Pilgrimage to praise God for deliuerance from so great a danger and was now come to fulfill it and withall to demand somewhat in almes to relieue him for his returne protesting after three yeeres to restore it double whatsoeuer hee now tooke Hiticou that was his name answered I haue well heard what thou hast said and that damnable designe whereto thy blindnesse as the Pilot of Hell hath drawne thee and thine associates to the bottome of the lake of night For in stead of thankes for so great a benefit thou commest to rob and what I pray thee will the Diuine iustice repay thee at thy last breath change thou thy euill purpose and beleeue me God will change thy punishment Faria prayed him hee would not bee angry saying hee had no other remedie of life whereat the Hermite lifting his hands and eyes to Heauen sayd weeping Blessed bee thou Lord which sufferest on earth men which take for remedie of life thine offences and for certaintie of glorie will not serue thee one day And then turning his eyes to the companie which were rifling the Hangings and Chests taking the siluer from amongst the bones of the deceased therein hee fell twice from his seate with griefe and pensiuely put Faria in minde of his last breath of restitution of penance perpetuall to his flesh and liberall and discreet communicating to the poore that the seruant of night should haue nothing to accuse him in the day of account praying him also to command his companie to gather vp the bones of the Saints that they should not lye contemptible on the ground Faria gaue him many good words and complements professing himselfe which hee whispered neerer sorrie of what had passed but if hee should not doe it his companie had threatened to kill him If it bee so said the Hermit then shall thy paine bee lesse then these ministers of night whom as hungry Dogs it seemes all the siluer of the world would not satisfie Thus with many good words hee tooke leaue of the Hermit hauing taken all they could get who told him his knowledge might make his sinne more penall Nuno Coelho praying him not to be so angry for so small a matter hee replyed More small is the feare which thou hast of death when hauing spent thy life in foule facts thy soule shall stand as foule at the passage of this dung-hill of thy flesh And if thou seekest more Siluer to fill thy infernall appetite thou mayst finde in the houses adioyning enough to make it split as well in danger of Hell for this already saue that more burthened thou shalt descend swifter to the bottome Pray sayd Coelho take all in patience for so God hath commanded in his holy Law the Hermit shaking oft his head sayd I now see that which I neuer thought to haue heard Inbred wickednesse and vertue famed the same man stealing and preaching and turning to Faria prayed him that hee would not suffer them to spet on the Altar being liefer to dye a thousand times then to see it which he promised Hee then demanded of Hiticon what persons liued in all those houses who answered three hundred and sixtie Talagrepos onely and fortie Menigrepos which serued them without for their prouision and the care of the Sicke Hee asked if the Kings vsed to come thither no sayd he The King being sonne of the Sunne can absolue all and none may condemne him Asked of their Armes hee sayd To goe to Heauen there needed not armes to offend but patience to suffer For the mixture of that Siluer with dead bones in the chests hee answered that it was the Almes which the deceased carryed with them to prouide them of necessities in the heauen of the Moone Asked of women with them hee sayd that the Bee stings those which eate the honey and pleasures of the flesh needed not to the life of the Soule And thus parted hee from the Hermit with embraces with purpose to returne the next day it being now night to the other houses and not taking aboard with him this Hermit as hee was aduised saying his gowtie legges could carrie no tydings of vs which yet hee did creeping to the next and bidding him goe call the Bonzij For an houre after midnight wee saw fires in a rew which our Chinois told vs were signes of our discouerie and therefore aduised vs to haste away Faria was awakened and would needs a shoare with sixe men and ranne like a mad-man from one place to another his companie requested him to haste away and he answered for his honour hee would first see the danger and intreated them to stay one halfe houre and swearing hereto away hee goeth and followes the sound of a Bell to an Hermitage in which were two men in religious habits the place was richer then the former wee had beene in They tooke thence an Idoll of Siluer from the Altar with a myter of Gold on his head and a wheele in his hand and three Candlesticks of siluer with long chaynes and taking the two Hermits with them returned aboard the Barkes with great haste Of one of these they learned that Pilau Angiroo had come to the house of the Sepulchers of the Kings and cryed out to them to awaken out of their sleepe telling them of their oath to the Goddesse Amida of Strangers with long beards and Iron bodies which had robbed the Saints and would kill them all whence followed the fires and sending to giue notice to the Cities Corpilem and Fumbana for ayde their Religion prohibiting them to handle any thing which might draw bloud Faria now hauing gone downe the Riuer a great way was much enraged for omitting such oportunitie plucking his beard and beating himselfe with anguish till not long after his heate was cooled §. III. Their Shipwracke in which Faria and most of them were drowned the miserable wandrings of the rest to Nanquin their Imprisonment sentence and appeale to Pequin rarities obserued in those places and wayes of the beginnings of the China Kingdome and of their admirable Wall SEuen dayes wee sayled thorow the Bay of Nanquim the force of the current carrying
nor Siluer And therefore I besought the King that he would punish this deceiuer Tioneg that the good iustice that is vsed in China might be knowne In the time of the former Vice-roy and Capado Tioneg and his companion Yanlion deliuered this vntruth I afterward besought the King that hee would cause all the Papers of the cause of Tioneg to be coppied out and that he would send for the said Tioneg with his processes before himselfe And I my selfe saw the said Papers and caused it to appeare that all was but lyes which the said Tioneg had said I wrote vnto the King saying That by reason of the lyes which Tioneg had made the Castillians suspected that wee sought to make warre vpon them and that therefore they had slayne aboue thirtie thousand Chineses in Luzon The King did that which I besought him And so he chastised the said Yanlion commanding him to bee put to death And hee commanded Tionegs head to be cut off and to be put in a Cage The people of China which were slayne in Luzon were in no fault And I with others negotiated this businesse with the King that I might know his pleasure in this affaire and in another matter which was this That there came two English ships to these coasts of Chincheo a thing very dangerous for China That the King might consider what was to bee done in these two matters of so great importance Likewise wee wrote vnto the King that he would command the two Sangleys to be punished which shewed the Hauen to the Englishmen And after wee had written these things aforesaid to the King he answered vs thâ—t wee should learne wherefore the English ships came vnto China whether they came to robbe or no That they should dispatch from thence a Messenger immediatly to Luzon and that they should signifie to them of Luzon that they should not giue credite to the base and lying people of China And that forthwith they should put to death those two Sangleyes which shewed the Hauen to the Englishmen And touching the rest that wee wrote vnto him wee should doe as wee thought best After wee had receiued this order the Vice-roy the Capado and I sent this message to the Gouernour of Luzon That his Lordship might know the greatnesse of the King of China Seeing hee is so mightie that hee gouerneth all that the Moone and Sunne doe shine vpon And also that the Gouernour of Luzon may know the great wisedome wherewith this mighty Kingdome is gouerned Which Kingdome this long while none durst attempt to offend And albeit the Iaponians haue pretended to disquiet Corea which is vnder the Gouernment of China yet they could not obtayne their purpose but they were driuen out of it And Corea hath remayned in great peace and safety as at this day they of Luzon doe well vnderstand The Answer of Don PEDRO DE ACANNA Gouernour of the Philippinas to the Visitour of Chincheo in China THe Gouernour answered these Letters by the same Messengers that brought them vsing termes full of courtesie and authoritie Hee rehearsed the rebellion of the Sangleyes from the beginning Hee iustified the defense of the Spaniards and the punishment that was executed vpon the Offenders Hee said that no Common-wealth can be gouerned without chastising the bad nor without rewarding the good And therefore that he did not repent him of that execution because it was done for repressing of them that thought to destroy vs. That the Visitour should bee Iudge what hee would doe if the like case should happen in China That the griefe that he had was that he could not saue certaine Sangleyes Merchants Anhayes which died among the offenders But that this was vnpossible to be remedied because the furie of warre doth not giue leaue to kill some and to saue others especially being not knowne of the Souldiers in the heate of battell That vsing mercy to those that remayned aliue condemned them to rowe in the Galleyes which is the punishment which is ordayned among the Castillians for those that haue deserued death Yet if it seeme in China that it ought to be moderated hee would grant them libertie But let it be considered said Don Pedro that this may be a cause that in not chastising so great an offence they may hereafter fall againe into the same A thing that would shut vp all accesse vnto fauour That the goods of the Chineses that were slayne are in safe custodie And that it may be seene that no other affection moueth mee then that of iustice I will shortly send them to be deliuered to the right Heires or vnto such persons as of right they belong vnto None other respect moueth mee to any of these things but that of reason Whereas you tell mee That if I will not set at libertie those prisoners licence will be granted in China to the kinsfolke of those which died in the Rebellion to come with an Armie to Manila it breedeth no feare in mee For I hold the Chineses to be so wise that they will not be moued to such things vpon so weake a ground especially none occasion thereof being giuen them on our part And in case they should be of another minde wee Spaniards are a People which know very well how to defend our Right Religion and Territories And let not the Chineses thinke that they are Lords of all the World as they would haue vs thinke For wee Castillians which haue measured the World with spannes know perfectly the Countreyes of China Wherefore they shall doe well to take knowledge that the King of Spaine hath continuall warres with as mighty Kings as theirs is and doth suppresse them and putteth them to great troubles And it is no new case that when our enemies thinke that they haue vanquished vs they finde vs marching and destroying the Confines of their Land and not to cease vntill wee haue cast them out of their Thrones and taken their Scepters from them I would be much grieued with the change of the commerce But I beleeue also that the Chineses would not willingly lose it since that thereby they obtayne so great profit carrying to their Kingdome our Siluer which neuer faileth in trucke of their merchandise which are slight things and soone worne out The ships of the Englishmen which arriued on the coast of China it was determined not to receiue because they be no Spaniards but rather their enemies and Pirats Wherefore if they come to Manila they shall be punished Finally bâ—causâ— wee Spaniards doe alwaies iustifie our causes and doe boast our selues that it cannot bee said in the world that wee vsurpe other mens possessions nor inuade our friends that shall be fulfilled which is here promised And from hence forward let them know in China that wee neuer doe any thing for feare nor for threats of our enemies Don Pedro concludeth offering continuance of amitie by new bonds of peace with the Kingdomes of
some things out of our Philosophers For they hold foure Elements and manifold Worlds and transmigration of Soules and other things Somewhat it seemes to acknowledge the Trinitie fabling of three Gods becomming one it acknowledgeth iust rewards to the good in Heauen to the bad in Hell It extols Single life so as it may seeme to reject Marriage They leaue house and friends and trauell into diuers places Begging The Rites of this prophane Sect haue great affinitie with our Romish Ecclesiasticall the Singings of men saying their seruice may seeme nothing to differ from our Gregorian they haue Images also in their Churches their Priests Garments are altogether like ours which with an Ecclesiasticall terme wee call Pluuialia In their Seruice they often recite the name Tolome which themselues confesse to be ignorant of But they denie eternitie in their Heauen and Hell ascribing a new birth after I know not what reuolutions of time in some other of their conceited Worlds then and there to be penitentially purged with other fooleries They prohibite to eate of liuing creatures but few impose on themselues this abstinence and they finde easie absolution from this and other sinnes if they giue to the Priests who professe to deliuer from Hell by their Prayers or Recitations whom they will This Sect came in at first with great applause as clearely professing the Soules immortalitie but nothing more disgraced it then that that King and these Princes which first embraced it which the Literate often obiect died miserably with violent death and publike losse and misfortune followed By writing of many Bookes they haue entangled it in inextricable Labyrinths The notes of Antiquity appeare in the multitude of their Temples and most of them sumptuous in which huge Monsters of Idols of Brasse Marble Wood and Earth are seene with Steeples adioyned of Stone or Bricke and in them huge Bells and other ornaments of great price The Priests of this Sect are called Osciami they shaue their head and beard against the fashion of the Countrey some trauell as is said some leade a very austere life in Mountaines and Caues but the greatest part which amount to two or three millions liue in Monasteries sustayned with their antiently-giuen Reuenues and Almes and also by their owne industry These Priests are accounted and iustly the most vile and vicious in the whole Kingdome sprung of the basest plebeians sold in their childhood to the elder Osciami and of Slaues made Disciples succeed their Masters in Office and Benefice a course which they haue found for their propagation For few are found which voluntarily by desire of sanctitie doe adioyne themselues to those Monkes Ignorance also and illiberall education makes them liker their Masters few of them learning Letters or ciuill rites and daily growing worse And although they haue no wiues they are much addicted to women and cannot but by grieuous penalties be kept from them The Colledges of the Osciami are diuided into diuers Stations in euery of which is one perpetuall Administrator to whom his seruants or as many as he brings vp succeed They acknowledge no Superior in those Cells but euery one in his owne Station builds as many Lodgings as he can most of all places in the Court which after they let to strangers so that they are rather Innes then Monasteries as full of tumults as empty of deuotion Although they bee of base esteeme yet are they employed to Funerals and other Rites by which wilde beasts and fowles and fishes are set at liberty by the professors of this Sect with opinion of great merit In this our age this Sect hath much reuiued and many Temples are built and repaired by Eunuches Women and the rude vulgar and especially by the Ciaicum or Fasters which all their liues abstayne from Flesh Fish Egges and Milke and worship a multitude of Idols with set prayers at home and are by hire to be called to any other mans Nunnes also obserue the same Monasticall rules being single and shaued they call them Nunnes nothing so many as the Monkes The third Sect is called Lauzu deriued from a Philosopher which liued at the same time with Confutius whom they fable to haue beene carried 80. yeeres in his parents wombe before he was borne and therefore called Lauzu that is the Old Philosopher He left no Bookes of his Opinion nor seemes to haue intended any new Sect but certaine Sectaries called Tausa made him the head of their Sect after his death and wrote diuers elegant Bookes gathered out of diuers Sects These also liue single in their Monasteries and buy disciples base and wicked as the former They weare their haire as the Lay-men differing herein that where they weare their haire tyed on a knot these haue a Cap on the crowne of Wood. Some also are married and say ouer their Holies in their owne houses They say that with other Idols they worship also the Lord of Heauen whom yet they imagine Corporeall and to haue suffered many things They tell that the King of Heauen which now raigneth is called Ciam and he which before ruled was named Leu. This Leu came one day to the Earth riding on a white Dragon and Ciam a Wizard entertayned him with a Feast where whiles Leu was eating Ciam gat vp on the white Dragon and was carried to Heauen and excluded Leu from that soueraignty only he obtayned of this new King that he might rule ouer a certaine Mountaine in his Kingdome where they say he still liueth thus confessing as the Greekes of Ioue themselues to worship an Vsurper and Traitor Besides this Deity of Heauen they acknowledge three others one of which they say Lauzu is hauing some dreame also as the former of the Trinitie They also speake of places of rewards and punishments but differing from the former for they promise a Paradise for soule and body together and haue Images of some in their Temples which haue so gone thither To obtayne this they prescribe certaine exercises of sitting in diuers postures set Prayers Medicines by which the life is lengthned if not made immortall Their Priests exorcise Deuils and driue them out of houses by painting horrible shapes of them in yellow Paper on the walls and making horrible cryes as if themselues were become Deuils They arrogate also to bring downe or to stay Raines and other publike and priuate fortunes most impudent impostors either Lyars or Magicians They assist the Kings sacrifices in those Temples of Heauen and Earth thereby acquiring much authority being Masters of the Musike therein and are called to Funerals to which they goe in precious vestments with diuers musicall Instruments making a pompous-procession showe thorow the streets The like pompes they vse at the streets ends on certaine times hired by the dwellers They haue a Prelate called Ciam which dignity he transmitted to his posterity 1000. yeeres since by hereditary successions and seemeth to haue taken
Russia as was sayd before as Waxe Tallow Hides Flax Hempe c. grow and goe abroad in farre lesse plentie then they were wont to doe because the people being oppressed and spoyled of their gettings are discouraged from their labours Yet this one thing is much to bee noted that in all this oppression there were three brethren Merchants of late that traded together with one Stocke in common that were found to bee worth 300000. Rubbels in money besides Lands Cattels and other Commodities Which may partly be imputed to their dwellings farre off from the eye of the Court viz. in Wichida one thousand miles from Mosko and more The same are sayd by those that knew them to haue set on worke all the yeere long ten thousand men in making of Salt carriages by Cart and Boat hewing of Wood and such like besides fiue thousand Bond-slaues at the least to inhabite and till their Land They had also their Physitians Surgeons Apothecaries and all manner of Artificers of Doutches and others belonging vnto them They are sayd to haue payed to the Emperour for Custome to the summe of three and twentie thousand Rubbels a yeere for which cause they were suffered to enioy their Trade besides the maintayning of certayne Garrisons on the borders of Siberia which were neare vnto them Wherein the Emperour was content to vse their purse till such time as they had got ground in Siberia and made it habitable by burning and cutting downe Woods from Wichida to Perm aboue one thousand verst and then tooke it all away from them perforce But this in the end being enuyed and disdayned as a matter not standing with their policie to haue any so great specially a Mousick the Emperour began first to pull from them by pieces sometimes twentie thousand Rubbels at a time sometime more till in the end their Sonnes that now are are well eased of their Stocke and haue but small part of their Fathers substance the rest being drawne all into the Emperours treasurie Their names were Iacone Gregorie and Simon the Sonnes of Oâ—â—ka For the qualitie of their people otherwise though there seemeth to bee in there some aptnesse to receiue any Art as appeareth by the naturall wits in the men and very children yet they excell in no kinde of common Art much lesse in any learning or literall kinde of knowledge which they are kept from of purpose as they are also from all military practice that they may bee fitter for the seruile condition wherein now they are and haue neither reason nor valour to attempt innouation For this purpose also they are kept from trauelling that they may learne nothing nor see the fashions of other Countries abroad You shall seldome see a Russe a traueller except hee bee with some Embassadour or that hee make an escape out of his Countrey Which hardly he can doe by reason of the borders that are watched so narrowly and the punishment for any such attempt which is death if hee bee taken and all his goods confiscate Onely they learne to write and to read and that very few of them Neither doe they suffer any stranger willingly to come into their Realme out of any ciuill Countrie for the same cause farther then necessitie of vttering their commodities and taking in of forreine doth enforce them to doe And therefore this yeere 1589. they consulted about the remouing of all Merchants strangers to the border Townes to abide and haue their residencie there and to bee more wary in admitting other strangers heereafter into the Inland parts of the Realme For the same purpose also they are kept within the bounds of their degree by the Lawes of their Countrey so that the sonne of a Mousick Artificer or Husbandman is euer a Mousick Artificer c. and hath no meanes to aspire any higher except hauing learned to write and reade hee attayne to the preferment of a Priest or Dyack Their Language is all one with the Slauonian which is thought to haue beene deriued from the Russe Tongue rather then the Russe from the Slauonian For the People called Sclaui are knowne to haue had their beginning out of Sarmatia and to haue tearmed themselues of their Conquest Sclauos that is Famous or Glorious of the word Sclaua which in the Russe and Slauonian Tongue signifieth as much as Glorie or Fame Though afterwards being subdued and trod vpon by diuers Nations the Italians their Neighbours haue turned the word to a contrary signification and terme euery Seruant or Peasant by the name of Sclaue as did the Romanes by the Getes and Syrians for the same reason The Russe Character or Letter is no other then the Greekâ— somewhat distorted Concerning their Trades Diet apparell and such like it is to be noted in a seuerall Chapter of their priuate behauiour This order that bindeth euery man to keepe his ranke and seuerall degree wherein his fore-fathers liued before him is more meet to keepe the Subiects in a seruile subiection and so apt for this and like Commonwealths then to aduance any vertue or to breed any rare or excellent qualitie in Nobilitie or Commons as hauing no further reward nor preferment whereunto they may bend their endeauours and employ themselues to aduance their estate but rather procuring more danger to themselues the more they excell in any noble oâ— principall qualitie THeir Courts of Ciuill Iustice for matters of Contract and other of like sort are of three kinds the one being subiect vnto the other by way of appeale The lowest Court that seemeth to be appointed for some ease to the Subiects is the Office of the Gubnoy Starust that signifieth an Alderman and of the Sotskoy Starust or Bayliffe of the Soake or Hundred whereof I spake before in the ordering of the Prouinces These may end matters among their neighbours within their Soake or seuerall Hundred where they are appointed vnder the Dukes and Dyacks of the Prouinces to whom the parties may remoue their matter if they cannot be agreed by the said Gubnoy or Sotskoy Starust The second is kept in the head Townes of euery Prouince or Shire by the said Dukes and Dyacks that are Deputies to the foure Lords of the Chetfirds as before was said From these Courts they may appeale and remoue their Suits to the chiefe Court that is kept at the Mosko where are resident the Officers of the foure Chetfirds These are the chiefe Iustices or Iudges euery of them in all Ciuill matters that grow within their seuerall Chetfird or Quarter and may be either commenced originally before them or prosecuted out of the inferiour Courts of the Shires by way of appeale Their commencing and proceeding in Ciuill actions is on this manner First the Plaintife putteth vp his Supplication wherein he declareth the effect of his Cause or wrong done vnto him Whereupon is granted vnto him a Wepis or Warrant which he deliuereth to the Prastaue or Sergeant to doe the arrest vpon
Offerings and obtayned diuers Immunities of the Emperour and Pope After his returne he inuaded the Scots and ouercame King Malcolme with two other Kings He going from Rome to Denmarke sent a Letter to his English subjects thus beginning Canutus Rex totius Angliae Danemerciae Norreganorum partis Suanorum Aethelnotho Metropolitanâ— Alfrico Eboracensi Archiepiscopo omnibusque Episcopis Primatibus toti Anglorum genti tam nobilibuâ— quam plebeijs salutem Notifico vobis me nouiter iuisse Romam oratum pro redemptioâ—e peccaminum meorum pro salute Regnorum quique meo subiacent regimini populorum Hanc quidem profectionem Deo iam olim deuoueram sed pro negotijs Regni causis impedientibus huc vsque perficere non potui Nunc autem ipsi Deo meo Omnipotenti valdè humiliter gratias ago qui mihi concessit in vita mea Sanctos Apostolos suos Petrum Paulum omne Sanctuarium quod iuxta vrbem Romam aut extra addiscere potui expetere secundum desiderium meum presentialiter venerari adorare Ob id ergo maximè hoc patrauâ— quia à sapientibus didici sanctum Petrum Apostolum magnam potestatem à Domino accepisse ligandi atque soluendi clauigerumque esse Regni Celestis ideo speciale eius patrocinium apud Dominum diligenter expetere valdè vtile duxi c. HONDIVS his Map of Denmarke DANIAE REGNUÌ„ Canutus before his death set his Sonne Suanus in possession of Norway and Hardecanutus his Sonne ouer the Danes Harald and Hardecanutus diuided England betwixt them after his death Anno 1035. and Harald dying Anno 1040. that quarrell was ended and soone after by the others death the Danish Empire in England the small space of King Edward interceding that and another Conquest of the Normans descended also of like Northerne namely of Norwegian Originall Canutus his Daughter Cunilda was married to Henry the Emperour and being accused of Adultery against a Giantly Champion appeared in her defence a childish English Dwarffe which serued her who slue the Giant and presented his head to the Ladie who thereupon diuorced herselfe and became a Nunne Suâ—nâ— King of Norway after fiue yeeres deceased and Canutus his ill-gotten English and Norwegian wings were quickly not only pulled but cut off The English had occasion of further inuasion to and from Norway For Suanus decessing the Norwegians chose Magnus the Sonne of Saint Olaue for their King which when Hardecanutus vnderstood as the Danish Storie set forth by Erpold Lindâ—nbruch testifieth hee inuaded Norway with his English and Danish forces where he and Magnus came to composition that the Suruiuour should enjoy both Kingdomes When Hardâ—canuâ—â— was dead Suâ—â—â— the Sonne of Estrid his Sister succeeded and Magnus King of Norway fought with Suâ—â—â— to obtayne his couenanted Kingdome of Denmarke and ouercame him Suâ—â—â— fled into Sweden and there abode till the death of Magnus after which he recouered his Danish Scepter Floreâ—tius writeth that Suanus sent to King Edward the Confessor intreating his side with a Nauie against Mâ—gnus Earle Godwine counselled to send fiftie ships but Earle Leofrike and the people refused and Magnus with a great Nauie fought with Suâ—â—us and expelled him his Kingdome which hee after recouered Harald Haruager the Sonne of Siâ—ard King of Norâ—ay and Brother by the Mothers side to Saint Olaue obtayned Norway after his Nephew Magnus and sent an Embassage to King Edward whereby Peace and Amitie was concluded betwixt both the Kings He after King Edwards death inuaded England with a great Nauie of three hundred ships and discomfited the Earles Edwine and Mâ—rcar neere Yorke but fiue dayes after Harold then King Sonne of Earle Godwin slue his Brother Tosti and Haruagre at Stamford Bridge permitting his Sonne Olaue to returne vpon conditions to Norway But whiles he conuerted the spoyle to his owne proper vse he gaue such disgust to the English that a few dayes after in the battayle with William Earle of Normandie they were lesse zealous of his cause where a new Norman period beganne those Northerne quarrels hauing had no other end but this succession I shall not need to adde what followed the Norman Acts in Italie Palestina and other places I haue handled else-where little occurring of Mars but Mercurie of which I haue by me Letters from King Henry the Third the first yeere of his Reigne to 〈◊〉 or Haquâ—n then King of Norway for mutuall Trafficke betwixt both their subjects It is remarkable that the Northerne humour of spoile slaughter and bloud continued whiles they were Pagans and expired in manner with their Paganisme both in Norwegians and Danes as if God would first by them punish the vices of those times and withall conquer the Conquerours with the Religion of the conquered and by so strange a way bring the Northerne World by this way of destroying to saluation Since that time the State of Norway Island and other parts hath decayed in numbers of shipping courage of men and other meanes of Earthly greatnesse Somewhat yet for History and an Historians sake I will adde of Matthâ—â—â—ariâ— an Englishman his Voyage to Norway In the yeere 1247. Matthew Paris recordeth that on the day of Saint Olaue a famous Saint in the Regions and Ilands of Norway Haâ—on was crowned King and solemnely anointed at Berga by the Bishop of Sabine then Legate from the Pope in those parts For the honour whereof the said King gaue the Pope 15000. Markes sterling besides inualuable Gifts which the Legate himselfe had and fiue hundred Markes by him extorted saith our Author from the Church of that Kingdome The King also receiuing the Crosse for the Holy Land Expedition obtayned of the Pope the third part of the Ecclesiasticall Reuenues of that Kingdome towards his charges Which Lewis the French King knowing writ in friendly termes to Hacon to beare him company in the said Expedition offering him full power in regard of his Sea-skill ouer his Nauie and ouer the French Army This Letter was carried by our Authour Matthew Paris to whom King Hacon answered that he gaue great thankes to that deuour King but knew in part the nature of the French as saith the Poet 〈…〉 and I say Omnisque superbus Impatiâ—us consâ—rtis erit My people is impeâ—uous indiscreet and impatient of wrongs which might occasion irreparable damage and therefore it is fitter for each to goe by himselfe But I haue written to the King for quiet passage thorow his Countrey and prouisions as need required The Kings Answere thereto and Letterâ— Patents were also deliuered to him by this our Author in this forme Ludonicus Dei gratia Francorum Rex vniuersi 〈◊〉 fidâ—libus 〈◊〉 Balliâ—is Maioâ—ibus Praepositis ad quos praesâ—ntes literâ— pâ—ruanerint salutem Cum clarissimus noster Illustris Hacon Rex Norwegiae in subsidium Tâ—rrae sancta transfretare proponat sicut nobis
compelled to digge vp Snow and with stones redde hot to melt in tubbes and then to drinke it This affection continued about twelue or foureteene dayes till we came into Russia Vpon our very first entrance into which Kingdome we marched ouer an arme of the Sea that was eight leagues ouer many of vs staruing to death in that passage by the cold freezing windes that blew the same day In which frosty iourney I saw so much bread as a man might buy for twelue pence sold away in little bits for the value of fortie shillings But this misery ended the next day at our setting foot into Russia where we found plenty both of corne and cattle onely the people of the Countrey ranne away leauing all their goods behinde them but so cunningly hidden that the best pollicie of ours could hardly finde them out By this meanes of the peoples running away we were glad to play the Millers and to grinde all our corne our selues to bake our bread and to dresse our owne victuals Then marched wee vp to Nouogrod a chiefe Citie in Russia where wee were to receiue all our meanes that rested behinde vnpayed but our Captaines beguiled vs and kept it for themselues yet to stoppe our mouthes they told vs wee should goe into Muscouy and there all reckonings should be made euen Wee had scarce marched aboue three dayes towards Muscouy but that newes came how a certaine number of our enemies lay in a sconce by the way the strength of them was not perfectly knowne but it was thought they were not aboue seuen hundred and that we must vse some stratagem to expell them from thence vpon which relation our Captaines drew forth to the number of three hundred English horsemen and two hundred French horsemen so that in all we were about fiue hundred that were appointed to set vpon the supposed seuen hundred Polanders our enemies that so lay insconsed vpon whom we went Our chiefe Commander in that seruice was Monsier la Veite a French man who so valiantly led vs on that the enemy hearing of our comming fled ouer a water that was by the sconce yet not with such speede but that wee slue to the number of foure hundred of their side and lost onely three men of our owne but we tooke the sconce About the sconce stood a faire Towne called Arioua with a riuer called the Volga running through the middle but no bridge ouer it onely a few Boates and Sloates made and cut out of trees were there to carry the people ouer from the one halfe of the Towne to the other This sconce furnished vs not onely with great store of riches but also with a number of Polish Horses and as many armes as serued to arme fiue hundred men our want of that commoditie being as much as of any thing besides for of those fiue hundred men that went vpon the seruice there were not three hundred fixed armes yet through the hand of him that deales victories or ouerthrowes as it pleaseth him best the day was ours Ouer this riuer Volga the enemies were neuer driuen before either by the Emperor of Russia or by the King of Swethland for which cause as afterward wee heard the next day when they departed from the other side of the Riuer they burnt that halfe of the Towne on which side they were themselues and in most bloudy barbarous and cruell manner made hauocke both of men women and children albeit not aboue halfe a yeare before the Inhabitants on that side had reuolted from their owne Emperour and turned to them In which tyrannicall vprore their custome was to fill a house full of people and then the doores being locked vpon them that none might issue forth the house was fired about their eares and oftentimes were yong children taken by the heeles and cast into the middest of the flames This inhumane tyrannie being practised not onely by the Poles that were our enemies but euen by those Russes that were traitors to their owne Emperour and serued vnder the Poles and were called Cossakes whose cruelty farre exceeded the Polish The Towne being thus burnt to the earth all the sixe thousand which as I said before fled ouer the Riuer out of the sconce and were by vs supposed to be but seuen hundred came downe in full battalion to the Riuers side with such fiercenesse as if presently they and their horses would haue swom ouer to fight with vs which being perceiued our poore fiue hundred stood ready to resist them But whether they feared our numbers to be greater then they were and that wee had some other secret forces I know not but away they marched the selfe same day in which they came downe in that braueâ—y not doing any thing of which wee for our parts were not much sorry because if the battailes had ioyned wee knew our selues farre vnable to withstand them And this was the seruice of the most noate that wee went vpon HONDIVS his Map of Muscouia MOSCOVIA Our Generall whose name was Euerâ—orâ—e was a Fynlander and with a company of Fynland blades as they tearme them well appointed on Horsebacke was by the King of Sweueland sent after vs as our Conuoy vntill wee should come to Pontus le Guard who was chiefe Generall ouer the whole armie of strangers that came into the Land so that according as he was sent and charged by the King hee ouertooke vs before we came to Arioâ—a By the intreatie therefore of this Fynlander and the flattering promises of our owne Captaines we were contented to goe vpon this seruice and to deliuer the Russes or to dye our selues in the action Yet with condition that as they promised to vs we should by the way meete our chiefe Generall Pontus le Guard who with certaine numbers of English French and Dutch which the yeare before were come into the Land was vpon a march out of Muscouy not onely to meete vs but to ioyne with vs and pay vs all our money which remained good to vs prouided likewise that so soone as euer wee should release the seuen thousand Russes our money should be payed downe On these conditions I say wee yeelded to goe vpon the businesse At length Pontus le Guard met vs according to the promise and with him was money brought to pay vs and his word giuen that presently wee should receiue it But the lamentable estate in which the poore besiedged Russes were within the sconce being at the point of death for want of foode required rather speedy execution then deliberation so that the necessities of their hard fortunes crauing haste on wee went hauing about ninteene or twenty thousand Russes that were people of the same Countrey ioyned to our Armie to aide them in this enterprize But as we all were vpon a march the enemy hauing receiued Intelligence of our approaching set forward to the number of eight thousand Lanciers and more to intercept vs
exposed to scorne and manifold miseries hee dyed in a forraine countrie But before that Tragedie the Poles are said to haue more then acted others For when they held him prisoner before his departure from Moscouia they sent for many Grandes in Suiskeys name as if he had much desired to see them before his fatall farewell to take a friendly and honourable leaue of them They come are entertayned and in a priuate place knocked on the head and throwne into the Riuer and thus was most of the chiefe remayning Nobilitie destroyed The Poles fortified two of the Forts at Mosco and burnt two others as not able to man them But the Muscouite also there held them besieged till famine forced them to yeeld the Russians finding there sixtie barrels of pouldred mans flesh it seemeth of such as had dyed or were slaine that their death might giue life to the Suruiuers a iust but miserable and tragicall spectacle We shall conclude this Discourse with giuing you two Letters the one taken out of a Letter written from Colmogro Sept. 7. the yeere is not dated amidst these broiles the other from Captaine Margaret before mentioned by Thuanus and after them for further illustration and profitable vse of this storie is added part of a Letter of Doctor Halls ON Thursday morning came George Brighouse from Mosco he hath beene three weekes on the way but by reason of his small staying here I can learne but small occurrents which is still Mosco holdeth out of late some of the Nobilitie issued out and gaue the Enemie a small skirmish slue neere foure thousand of them tooke prisoners one hundred and seuentie whereof eleuen Polish Gentlemen gallant men are almost starued in prison Sandomirsky is entred the borders with a new supply of Souldiers the which Demetrie his sonne in Law hath long since expected The Crim Tartar is returned from thence into his owne Country hath taken more then twentie thousand prisoners captiues out of Resan and thereabouts Knez Scopin is two nineties from Yeraslaue he meanes to march from thence to Mosco but by Georges speeches he makes no great haste Bouginsky that was Secretarie to Demetrie is still vnder prestaue with an Officer was almost starued with hunger but Master Brewster doth daily releeue him to his great comfort George Brighouse came Poste by Volodemer the Princesse wife to Euan Euanowich that was eldest sonne to the old Emperour shee to whom you gaue the good intertainment to is there at his going vp and comming backe made very much of him he dined in her Presence after dinner sent him a great Present of many dishes and drinkes for your sake and often remembred you and your great kindnesse to her and hers still remembring T. La. and kept him so a long time in her owne Cell There is a great conspiracy still in the Mosco against the Emperour Vasili Euanowich onely the Muscouites stand with him and very few of the Nobilitie Daily there issueth out by force or stealth diuers of the Gentrie most of the Dutch specially the Women are gone out of the Mosco to the Tartar It is supposed that the Emperour cannot long hold out and Demetrie Euanowich is reported to bee a very wise Prince Captaine MARGARETS Letter to Master MERICK from Hamborough Ian. 29. 1612. RIght worshipfull Sir I could not omit this commoditie without commending my seruice to your Worship and also briefly to aduertise you of the State of Mosco which is not as I could wish Also I left Master Brewster in good health at my departure but three dayes after the Towne within the red wall was burnt with certaine fire Bals shot in by the Russes so that there is but three houses left whole the English house also being burnt Master Brewster is constrained to haue his dwelling in a Seller vnder the Palace without great friends except Misslofsqui The Generall Cotqueuilsh is arriued there and left a sufficient number of men to keepe the Castle and the red Wall hee himselfe with his Armie is gone towards Resan and he hath sent with much to doe and vpon certaine conditions to the Riuer of Sagia towards the Volga to bring victuals to maintayne them that are in the Castle besieged of the Muscouites The King of Poland is altogether resolued to goe there in person this summer and if the Russes haue no forraine helpe as there is no appearance no question it will come to passe as I writ last to your Worship that they will be forced to yeeld I write briefly to your Worship because I hope to take my voyage to France through England and there to meet with your Worship intreating your Worship to accept these few lines as a testimony of the seruice I haue vowed to your Worship c. and so I end in haste Thus haue we finished foure Acts of this Tragedie the first ending with the end of Bealas family the second with the ruine of that of Boris the third with that whatsoeuer Demetrius the fourth with this Suiskey attended with that shadow or ghost of another Demetrius Now as I haue seene sometimes the Spectators of Tragedies whiled with discourse of a Chorus or as in our vulgar entertayned with musicke to remit for a time those bloudie impressions fixed in attentiue mindes so haue we represented Pheodâ—res Coronation added to the first Boris his Charter to the English to conclude the second that of Demetrius to the third and for this fourth I haue here made bold with a Letter of my worthy friend so am I bold to call that good Man zealous Protestant elegant Writer industrious Preacher learned Doctor and Reuerend Deane Doctor Hall a Hall adorned with so rich Arras and with all the ground light life the All of these Christian humilitie which may serue as a Letter of commendation to my intent as it was intended to another worke which had it beene publike might haue preuented the greatest part of this A worke of Master Samuel Southeby in Sir Th. Smiths Voyage mentioned touching those Russian occurrents which he in part saw As a Traueller he deserueth place here And howsoeuer I haue neither beene so happy to see the Worke nor the Workman yet this Epistle tells what we haue lost and my worke easily proclaimes the defect of such a Wardrobe being as you see like a Beggars cloke all of diuersifyed patches so much more labour to mee in both getting and stitching them though so much lesse satisfaction to thee Once as I haue placed this long Russian storie in the midst of Marine Discoueries to refresh the Reader a while on Land so amidst these tragicall harsh Relations I thus seeke to recreate thy wearie spirits with this chat of mine and after these Minda gates more really with this Letter so vsefull to the present subiect so pleasing in the stile The whole and the next following to Buchinski the Reader may finde in his so
Licentiate Iohn of Obando Predecessor of your Lordship in whose time the Office of chiefe Chronicler of the Indies was instituted for writing with greater authoritie foundation and truth the Acts of the Castilians in the New World and to see and examine that which the other Chroniclers should write for I finde that almost to all that is written no credit could be giuen for ouer-much licence wherewith vntill then it was done hee vsed great diligence in gathering the most certaine Relations that were found as well in the Indies as in Spaine of that which happened in the Discoueries of those Regions the foundations of those Townes and Customes of the people And many yeers being past after his death without making any beginning of this History your Lordship being prouided for President of the Royall and Supreme Councell of the Indies knowing how much it behoued that deeds so worthy of memorie should no longer be buried and that they should be written by a Royall Chronicler seeing so much frâ—â— is gotten of Historie that it exceedeth so much the Picture as the soule the bodie against the opinion of a moderne Writer Prouiding all the meanes necessarie with liberalitie and diligence haue beene the meere and onely Instrument following the opinion of S. Augustine that this Historie and the Description that followeth hath come to the present estate And because it hath not beene of least importance to honour the Author animating him to goe forward with so great a labour conforming your selfe with the vniuersall opinion of the much that is due to the watchings and labours of the Writers placing this Office of Chiefe Chronicler in that point and reputation that so noble an Exercise deserueth as the most famous men of the World haue iudged it and it is esteemed and talked of among all Nations be they neuer so barbarous your Lordship shall be praysed eternally and thanked of all that are interessed in it by which is procured the making mention of their Fathers and Predecessors with their Names and Countrey all that hath beene possible against the barbarous and most vniust opinion of Iohn Baptista Ramusio in his Proeme in the third Volume of the Nauigations where hee saith to bee a vaine thing and ridiculous that the Spanish Authors should take paines in writing the names and Countrey of those which serued in the matters of the Indies Wherein he sheweth the venime of the enuie conceiued of the glorious deeds of these Catholike Kings and of the Castillian Nation seeing the Chronicles doe serue to honour the good and to reproch the euill for an example of those to come which could not be obtayned with the opinion of this Ramusius whom the saying of Cato against the Grecians doth fit But the opinion of your Lordship hath beene according to your prudence and valour of the which as it is iust there will be a perpetuall memorie and for that which this Nation is indebted vnto you for the same you shall bee reknowledged of it eternally God keepe your Lordship from Vallyadolyeede the fifteenth of October 1601. THe compasse of the Earth is 360. degrees which being reduced to leagues of Castile are 6300. and by the compasse of the Earth is vnderstood the Sea together with it which two Elements make the Globe whose vpper face in part is Earth and in part is Sea The Ancients diuided the Earth in three parts and gaue to euery one his name The first they called Europe more celebrated then any of the other The second Asia which is greater then the rest and contayneth the great Kingdome of China The third Africa And men being in a supposition that the World contayned no more then was rehearsed not contenting themselues with it entred in the Art of Nauigating and in the inuention of ships of high building fitting them in such order that they might abide the force of the waues of the Sea in this Art the Spaniards haue surpassed all the Nations of the World For whiles there reigned Ferdinand in Castile and in Lyon the famous Kings Catholike Ferdinando the Fift and Isabella a most wise prudent and most puissant Queene and Don Iohn the Second called the Pellican raigned in Portugall hee that euer will be worthy of memory Don Christopher Coloâ— first Admirall of the Indies hauing liued many yeeres married in Spaine with the counsell of Martin of Bohemia a Portugall borne in the Iland of Fayall a famous Astrologian and especially a Iudiciarie and of others with whom he communicated it gaue a beginning to the Discouery of that which at this day is counted the fourth part of the World and the greatest of them all and taking his course toward the Sunne setting going from Pallos a Village of the Earle of Miranda in the Coast of Andaluzia he sayled so much by the Ocean that hee found this great Land which the Equinoctiall Line cutteth in the middest and it goeth so farre toward the South that it reacheth to fiftie two degrees and an halfe and goeth so high to the North that it hides it selfe vnder the Pole Articke without knowing any end The greatnesse of this fourth part hath set the people in great admiration whose description shall here be handled vnder the name of Ilands and firme Land of the Ocean Sea because they are compassed with this Sea and placed to the West and are commonly called the West Indies and the New World and comprehended within the limits of the Kings of Castile and of Lyon Which is an Hemisphere and halfe of the World of 180. degrees beginning to reckon from a Meridian Circle which passeth by thirtie nine or by fortie degrees of longitude Occidentall from the Meridian of Toledo through the mouth of the Riuer Maranyâ—â— and to the Orientall through the Citie of Mallaca in sort that at twentie leagues sayling for a degree these bounds haue from the one part to the other 3900. Castillan leagues euery one of 3000. paces of fiue foot of a Castillan yard which men say are sixtie Italian miles from the Orient to the Occident which the Sea-men doe call East and West And this account of twentie leagues to a degree is according to Ptolomie and to the opinion of many curious men It hath seemed to others that the miles of euery degree are seuentie and that they make no more then seuenteene leagues and an halfe of Castile which is held for the truest account The degrees of longitude which are those that are reckoned by the Equinoctiall which goeth from East to West through the middest of the Orbe and Globe of the Earth haue not beene able to bee taken well because there is no fixed signe in the Heauen Degrees of altitude are those which are taken and reckoned from the Pole which fall out certayne because it is a fixed point which is the marke that is taken by the which it shall be shewed in this description There is discouered and nauigated from the North
Turkish add other Letters and not onely the transcript from their languages As for translations and collections thou hast them here also out of the Hebrew Auncient and Moderne Greeke Abassine Tartarian Russian Polonian Aegyptian and innumerable other Nations Christian Iewish Mahumetan Ethnike Ciuill Barbarian and Sauage innumerable wayes diuersified Yet all these in letters or characters In hieroglyphicall mysticall pictures the ancient Aegyptians and Ethiopians haue by way of Emblemes obscurely and darkly deliuered their obscure mysteries vncertaine waxenly pliant conceits to the world some of which our Pilgrimage hath mentioned But a Historie yea a Politicke Ethike Ecclesiastike Oeconomike History with iust distinctions of times places acts and arts we haue neither seene of theirs nor of any other Nation but of this which our light and slight apprehensions terme not barbarous alone but wilde and sauage Such an one we here present a present thought fit for him whom the senders esteemed the greatest of Princes and yet now presented to thy hands before it could arriue in his presence For the Spanish Gouernour hauing with some difficultie as the Spanish Preface imports obtained the Booke of the Indians with Mexican interpretations of the Pictures but ten daies before the departure of the Ships committed the same to one skilfull in the Mexican language to be interpreted who in a very plaine stile and verbatim performed the same vsing also some Morisco words as Alâ—aqui and Mezquitas for Priest and Temples import This Historie thus written sent to Charles the fifth Emperour was together with the Shippe that carried it taken by Fâ—enchmen of war from whom Andrew Theuet the French Kings Geographer obtained the same after whose death Master Hakluyt then Chaplaine to the English Embassadour in France bought the same for 20. French crownes and procured Master Michael Locke in Sir Walter Raleighs name to translate it It seemes that none were willing to be at the cost of cutting the Pictures and so it remained amongst his papers till his death whereby according to his last will in that kinde I became possessour thereof and haue obtained with much earnestnesse the cutting thereof for the Presse The rather was I eagerly vehement herein as being a thing desired by that most industrious Antiquary iudicious Scholler Religious Gentleman our Ecclesiastike Secular the Churches champion Sir Henry Spelman Knight whom for honors sake I name that his name may honour our ruder lines a name so fitting to the Man as one which â—an in regard of his wise spell and science in diuine humane learning and is ready with maine courage and alacritie to shew himselfe the Churches Man and to exhibit himselfe in deede whatsoeuer any man can spell out of Spel-man The commending from such a friend let the Muses impetrate pardon for so bold a name was a commanding vnto me which here I againe commend to Him and thee It is diuided into three parts the first being the Annales and Mexican Chronicle the second their Exchequer or the Accounts of their seuerall Tributes paid them from the Nations and peoples tributary whereby may be seene the Naturall riches of those parts peculiarly sorted the third the Mexican Oeconomie and Policie in warre and peace religious and secular their priuate and publike rites from the graue of the wombe to the wombe of the graue Obscure places I haue explained besides what before in Acosta thou hast read comparing the translation with the originall adding many of mine owne and perhaps there is not any one History of this kinde in the world comparable to this so fully expressing so much without Letters hardly gotten and easily lost that thou maist here finde it CHAP. VII The History of the Mexican Nation described in pictures by the Mexican Author explained in the Mexican language which exposition translated into Spanish and thence into English together with the said Picture-historie are here presented §. I. The Mexican Chronicle HEre beginneth the Historie and foundation of the Citie of Mexico founded and inhabited by the Mexicans who at that time were called Meçiti whose originall beginning of being Lords and their acts and liues are declared briefely in this Historie according as it is signified and set out successiuely by the pictures and paintings following In the yeare 1324. after the comming of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ the Mexican people first arriued at the place of the Citie of Mexico and because they liked well the greatnesse and the scituation of that place after that they had trauailed in their Iournies and wandered many yeares from Country to Countrey in some of them had made their abode for some yeares being come from far Countries in following their Iournies and not being contented with the other places where they had made their abode they came and setled themselues in the place of Mexico The which place at that time was all drowned with water and was couered with great bogs and bankes of moorish shegs and bulrushes which they call Tuli and it had Carrizales and great plats of dry ground couered with shrubbes bushes and briars like woods And through all the space of that place there went a spring streame of fair cleere water which was free from all segges and bushes which water streame went through it crossewise in manner of Saint Andrewes crosse as it is shewed in the picture and about the middle of that place of that water-streame the Meçiti found a great rocke of stone and growing thereon a great Tree or bush called Tunal wherein a great Eagle Candal had her haunt and abode for her foode so as all about that place was scattered full of bones and feathers of diuers Birds and Foules of diuers colours And they hauing gone throughout all that place and Countrie thereabout and finding it very fruitfull and full of wilde beasts wilde Foules Birds and Fishes and things of the water wherewith to sustaine themselues and to profit themselues in their businesse in dealing with the Townes thereabouts and finding the water-courses of that place so commodious and that their Neighbours could not trouble nor hurt them and for other things and causes to their good liking they determined to passe no further on their iourneyes in trauelling but to settle themselues and dwell still And according to their determination they did settle themselues there effectually And made themselues a strong Citie of defence with bankes and walles about the waters and on the plats of ground among the â—egges and Bushes of Tulis and Carrizales And for a beginning of that their seate and habitation it was determined by them to giue name and title to that place calling it Tenultitlan By reason and cause of the Tunal growing out of the Rocke for Tenuchtitlan interpreted in our Castilian Spanish Tongue is Tunal growing vpon a Rocke The armie of the Mexican people had with them for chiefe Gouernours ten persons named Ocelopan Quapan Acacitli Ahuexolt Teâ—uch Tâ—cincuh 〈◊〉 Xocoyol Xuihcaqui Atototl as it is
they blessed the annointed King and sprinkled him foure times with a certaine holy water that was made at the time of consecration of the God made of dowe or paste with a sprinkle made of bowes of Cane leaues Cedar and Willow leaues Then they put vpon his head cloth painted with the bones and souls of dead men and next they cloathed him with a blacke garment vpon that another blew and both were painted with the figures of dead mens sculs and bones Then they put about his necke certaine laces whereat did hang the armes of the Crowne And behinde his back they did hang certain little bottels full of powders by vertue wherof he was deliuered from pestilence and diseases according to their opinion yea and thereby Witches nor Witchcrafts could not hurt him nor yet euill men deceiue him In fine with those relicks he was sure from all perill and danger Vpon his left arme they bound a little bagge of Incense and then brought vnto him a chaffing-dish of imbers made of the barke of an Oke tree Then the King arose and with his owne hand threw of the same Incense into the chaffing-dish and with great reuerence brought the same to the god Vitzilopuchtli and after he had smoaked him therewith he sat him downe then came the high Priest and tooke his oath to maintaine the religion of the gods to keepe also all the lawes and customes of his predecessours to maintaine iustice and not to aggrauate any of his vassals or subiects and that he should be valiant in the warres that he should cause the Sunne to giue his light the clouds to yeelde raine the riuers to runne and the earth to bring forth all kinde of graine fruites and other needefull hearbs and trees These and many other impossible things the new King did sweare to performe and then he gaue thankes to the high Priest and commended himselfe to the gods and to the lookers on and they who brought him vp in the same order carrieth him downe againe Then all the people cried the Gods preserue the new King and that he may raigne many yeares in health with all his people But then some began to dance other to play on their instruments shewing outwardly their inward ioyes of heart And before the King came to the foote of the steps all the Noblemen came to yeelde their obedience and in token of louing and faithfull subiects they presented vnto him Feathers strings of Snaile-shels Collers and other Iewels of Gold and Siluer also Mantels painted with death and bare him company vnto a great hall within the compasse of the Temple and there left him The King sitteth downe vnder his cloath of estate called Tlacatecco and in foure dayes departeth not out of the circuit of the Temple the which hee spends in prayers sacrifice and penance he eates then but once a day and euery day he bathes himselfe and againe in the night in a great pond of water and then lets himselfe bloud in his eares and senseth therewith the god of water called Tlaloc he likewise senseth the other Idols vnto whom he offereth Bread Flowers Papers and little Canes died in the bloud of his owne tongue nose hands and other parts of his body After the foure dayes expired then come all the Noblemen to beare him company to his Pallace with great triumph and pleasure of all the Citie but after his consecration few or none dare looke him in the face And now with the declaration of the Acts and Ceremonies that the Mexican Kings are crowned I shall not neede to rehearse of other Kings for generally they all doe vse the same order sauing that other Princes goe not vp to the top of the Temple but abide at the foote of the steps to be crowned and after their Coronation they come to Mexico for their confirmation and then at their returne to their Countrey they made many drunken feasts and banquets The Mexicans did beleeue that the Soule was immortall and that they receiued either ioy or paine according to their deserts and liuing in this world vnto which opinion all their religion did attaine and chiefly appeare at their burials They held for an assured faith that there were nine places appointed for soules and the chiefest place of glory to be neere vnto the Sunne where the soules of those which were good men slaine in the warres and those which were sacrificed were placed and that all other sorts of euill persons their soules abode on the earth and were deuided after this sort children that were dead borne went to one place those which died of age or other disease went to another those which died of sudden death to another those which died of wounds or contagious diseases went to another place those which were drowned went to another those which were put to death for offence by order of Iustice as for robbery and adultery to another Those which slew their Fathers Mothers Wiues or Children to another place by themselues also those who slew their Masters or any religious person went to another place The common sort of people were buried but Lords and rich men had their bodies burned and their ashes buried In their shrowdes they had a great difference for many dead bodies were buried better apparelled then when they were on liue Women were shrowded after another sort And hee that suffered death for adultery was shrowded like vnto the God of lecherie called Tlazoulteutl he that was drowned like vnto the god of water named Tlacoc and he that died with drunkennesse was shrowded like vnto the god of wine called Ometochtli But the Souldier had an honorable shrowde like vnto the attire of Vitzilopuchtli and the like order in all other sorts of deaths When any King of Mexico happened to fall sicke they vsed forthwith to put a visor vpon the face of Tezcatlipaca or Vitzilopuchtli or some other Idoll which Visor was not taken away vntill they saw whether the King did amend or else dye But if he chanced to dye then word was sent throughout all his Dominions to bewaile his death and also other postes were sent is call the Noblemen that were his nighest kinsmen and to warne them within foure daies to come vnto his buriall The dead body was laid vpon a faire Mat and was watched foure nights with great lamentation and mourning then the body was washed and a locke of haire cut from the crowne of his head which was preserued as a great relicke saying that therein remained the remembrance of his soule This done a fine Emerald was put in his mouth and his body shrowded in seuenteene rich Mantels of colours both rich and costly wrought Vpon the vpper Mantle was set the deuise or armes of Vitzilopuchtli or Tezcalipuca or some other Idoll in whom the King had great confidence in his life time and in his Temple should the body be buried Vpon his face they put a visor painted with foule and Deuillish
of Mechouacan Ch. 4. Deuills emulation of that worke of God in bringing Israel out of Egypt and passing thorow the desert to Canaan Tabernacle Arke Mexi their Moses Mechouacan Pascuaro Of that which happened in Malinalco Tula and in Chapultepec Chap. 5. Witch forsaken Deuils proud emulation in punishing disobedience and teaching murtherous sacrifices Chapultepec Metamorphosis Atlacuyauaya Of the warres the Mexicans had against them of Culhuacan Chap. 6. Ticaapan Queene of Discord made bâ— the King of Pride Toccy Of the foundation of Mexico Chap. 7. Eagle glorious adored Tenoxtiltan Tabernacle for their Deuils Arke Stone Chappell Oracle God of the quarters Of the sedition of those of Tlatelulco and of the first Kings the Mexicans did choose Chap. 8. Acamapixtli first King of the Mexicans How Orations were kept in memorie Crowne and coronation Of the strange 〈◊〉 the Mexicans payed to them of Azcapuzalco Chap. 9. Garden in the water How made New Pharaonicall taxes Acamapixtli dyeth Vitzilouitli elected King Marriage ceremonie Lots and Southsaying Kings death Of Chimalpopoca the third King and his cruell death the occasion of warre which the Mexicans made Chap. 11 Quarrell with the Tapanecans King murthered Of the fâ—urth King called Izcoalt and of the warre against the Tapanecans Chap. 12. Tlacâ—ellâ—â—s valour Ceremonies of defiance Of the battaile the Mexicans gaue to the Tapanecans and of the victorie they obtained Chap. 13. The Battaile Mexicans conquer Diuision of spoyles Of the warre and victory the Mexicans had against the Citie of Cuyoacan Chap. 14. Temple Of the warre and victory which the Mexicans had against the Suchimilcos Ch. 15. Temple filled Causey made Cuitlauaca Children in the Couent Captiues sacrificed Izcoalts death Of the fift King of Mexico called Moteçuma the first of that name Chap. 16. Griffons taâ—ons Bloudy and diuellish institution Pompous solemnity Horrible courage Tlascalla to Mexico as Carthage to Rome Great Temple built Deuillish deuotions How Tlacaellec refused to be King and of the election and deedes of Ticocic Chap. 17 Fit similitude Nosthrils pierced King poysoned Of the death of Tlacaellec the deeds of Axayaca the seuenth King of the Mexicans Chap. 18. Tiquantepec razed Guatulco Royall combate Tlatelulco fired Of the deeds of Autzol the eight King of Mexico Chap. 19 The Picture story cals him Tiçocicatzi Quaxulatlan Famous Sorcerer or Indian Proteâ—â— Mexican Annalls in the Vatican King of Tescucos Oration Mexican greatnesâ—e Their opinions of God and 9. Heauens Elegant Prosâ—popoeia Elegant Prosâ—pâ—oeia Kings Office Motezuma answere How Moteâ—uma ordered the seruice of his house and of the warre he made for his Coronation Chap. 21. Pride before the fall Segâ—â—a de la Frontiere Of the behauiour and greatnesse of Motezuma Chap. 22. His proud state * Or betwixt railes His liberalitie His seueritie His policie to fift men Quetzacoalt His crueltie a true effect of the Deuils foretellings God forewarneth men to bring them to repentance the Deuill to fill them with feates perfidious and cruell iealousies superstious shifts and to maintaine his credit by his diuining seeking to prooue his diuinity al which is heere euident in things which Gods iustice lets him know he will doâ— to punish such impious pietie Prodgies or Deuillish Miracles A Comet by day Monsters Prodigious Foule Of the newes Moteçuma receiued of the Spaniards arriual in his Country and of the Ambassage he sent them Chap. 24. Relation or writing by Pictures Effects of superstitious legends Cortes admits diuine worship agreeing more with his couetous designes then Christian religion which thriued there according to these beginnings Egregiam vero laudem Needes must they goe whom Deuill driues Protean shifts Of the Spaniards entrie into Mexico Chap. 25. Tezcalipuca a Deuill-god Good fishing in troubled waters Cortes his two strange attempts Of the death of Motezuma and the Spaniards departure out of Mexico Chap. 26. Indian armies Fourth dayes rest in warre 300. Spaniards lost And can you blame him to write the best of himselfe Succession of superstition Royall courage You here hear a Iesuit Gold is a miracle-working God in couetous hearts Quid. non mortaliâ— pectora cogit Auri sacro fames this sacerrima fames wrought miracles in all the Spanish Indies and still doth at Saints shrines and in European pilgrimages and Purgatorie visions c. Great is cryed the shrine-makers Diana of the Ephesians Si ego might America say digna sim hac contumeliâ maximè At tâ— Hispane indignus qui faceres tamen What difference twixt Wordes and Swords twixt Apostles and greedie Souldiers The Prince of peace sent men not to kill but to be killed came to bee a slaine Lamb that the World might be saued not to slay a World that himselfe might be a couetous worldly sauer and conqueror Nimrod or Alexander had been fitter Preachers in this kinde then Peter and Paulâ— their examples not of these did Cortes and Pizarro follow and the Christianitie of those parts more smâ—lls of the Sword then the Word as the Iesuit in bookes de procuranda Ind. sal hath shewed as is shewed sup To. 1. l. 2. c. 1. in bayting the Popes Bull. Aâ—gust lib. 2. de com euang c. 36. This was the greatest helpe of the Spanish conquest Indian quaâ—rels made that easie which their gold made desirable Diuers Nations which the Spaniards could neuer conquer to this day Deuill insupportable They acknowledge one supreme Deitie Acts 17. No proper name for God Actsâ—â— â—â— Of the first kinde of Idolatrie vpon naturall and vniuersall things Chap. 4. Sunne their second God and then other heauenly Bodies in their order Temples to the Thunder their third God Iupiters fulmen Humane sacrifices Earth Sea Raine-bow Starreâ— worshipped Mexicans worship the Sunne c. Vitzliputzlis Temple Idolatrising rite the same to all their Idols with words different Lares as Popish mediators of intercession * Adoration hâ—d the nâ—me of ad and os kâ—ssing the hand with bowing of the body c. See Min. Fael lob 31. Of the Idolatry the Indians vsed to particular things Chap. 5. Concil Limensi 2 p. 2. cap. 99. Of another kinde of Idolatry vpon the dead Chap. 6. Wisd. 14. Of Superstitions they vsed to the dead Chap. 7. Immortality of soules beleeued but not resurrection of the bodies as ar 17. 1000. slaine to attend one dead man Superstitions of the old English Portugall wâ—le Purgatoryiancies as in Popish legends Of the manner of burying the dead among the Mexican and sundry other Nations Chap. 8. Places of buriall Chaplen and other Officers killed The fourth last kinde of of Idolatry the Indians vsed especially the Mexicans to Images and Idols Chap. 9. Images the fourth kinde of Indian Idolatry The Deuils Paenitentiary Their Nemesis Varro makes this difference betwixt Râ—ligion and Superstition Qui Deum non â—ereâ—tur vt â—atreâ— timebunt vt hâ—stem Indian Mercury Goddesses See former Chap. They sat down to eate and drinke and rose vp to play Of a strange manner
They doe obserue the Law of the Greekes with such excesse of superstition as the like hath not beene heard of They haue no grauen Images in their Churches but all painted to the intent they will not breake the Commandement but to their painted Images they vse such Idolatrie that the like was neuer heard of in England They will neither worship nor honour any Image that is made foorth of their owne Countrey For their owne Images say they haue Pictures to declare what they bee and how they be of God and so be not ours They say looke how the Painter or Caruer hath made them so wee doe worship them and they worship none before they bee Christened They say wee be but halfe Christians because we obserue not part of the old Law with the Turkes Therefore they call themselues more holy then vs. They haue none other learning but their mother tongue nor will suffer no other in their Countrey among them All their seruice in Churches is in their mother tongue They haue the old and new Testament which are daily read among them and yet their superstition is no lesse For when the Priests doe reade they haue such trickes in their reading that no man can vnderstand them nor no man giueth eare to them For all the while the Priest readeth the people sit downe and one talke with another But when the Priest is at seruice no man sitteth but gaggle and ducke like so many Geese And as for their prayers they haue but little skill but vse to say As bodi pomele As much to say Lord haue mercie vpon me For the tenth man within the Land cannot say the Pater noster And as for the Creed no man may bee so bold as to meddle therewith but in the Church for they say it should not be spoken of but in the Churches Speake to them of the Commandements and they will say they were giuen to Moses in the Law which Christ hath now abrogated by his precious Death and Passion therefore say they wee obserue little or none thereof And I doe beleeue them For if they were examined of their Law and Commandements together they should agree but in few points They haue the Sacrament of the Lords Supper in both kindes and more ceremonies then we haue They present them in a dish in both kinds together and carrie them round about the Church vpon the Priests head and so doe minister at all such times as any shall require They bee great offerers of Candles and sometimes of money which wee call in England Soule pence with more ceremonies then I am able to declare They haue foure Lents in the yeere whereof our Lent is the greatest Looke as wee doe begin on the Wednesday so they doe on the Munday before And the weeke before that they call the Butter-weeke And in that weeke they eate nothing but Butter and Milke Howbeit I beleeue there bee in no other Countrey the like people for Drunkennesse The next Lent is called Saint Peters Lent and beginneth alwayes the Munday next after Trinitie Sunday and endeth on Saint Peters Eeuen If they should breake that Fast their beliefe is that they should not come in at Heauen gates And when any of them dye they haue a testimoniall with them in the Coffin that when the soule commeth to Heauen gates it may deliuer the same to Saint Peter which declareth that the partie is a true and holy Russian The third Lent beginneth fifteene dayes before the later Lady day and endeth on our Lady Eeuen The fourth Lent beginneth on Saint Martins day and endeth on Christmas Eeuen which Lent is fasted for Saint Philip Saint Peter Saint Nicholas and Saint Clement For they foure bee the principall and greatest Saints in that Countrey In these Lents they eate neither Butter Egges Milke nor Cheese but they are very straightly kept with Fish Cabbages and Rootes And out of their Lents they obserue truely the Wednesdayes and Fridayes throughout the yeere and on the Saturday they doe eate flesh Furthermore they haue a great number of Religious men which are blacke Monkes and they eate no Flesh throughout the yeere but Fish Milke and Butter By their order they should eate no fresh-Fish and in their Lents they eate nothing but Colâ—wâ—rts Cabbages salt Cucumbers with other rootes as Radish and such like Their drinke is like our peniâ— Alâ— and is called Quass They haue Seruice daily in their Churches and vse to goe to seruice two houres before day and that is ended by day light At nine of the clocke they goe to Masse that ended to Dinner and after that to seruice againe and then to Supper You shall vnderstand that at euerie dinner and supper they haue declared the exposition of the Gospell that day but how they wrest and twine the Scripture and that together by report it is wonderfull As for wheredome and Drunkennesse there bee none such liuing and for Extortion they bee the most abominable vnder the Sunne Now iudge of their holinesse They haue twise as much Land as the Duke himselfe hath but yet hee is reasonable euen with them as thus When they take bribes of any of the poore and simple hee hath it by an order When the Abbot of any of their Houses dyeth then the Duke hath all his goods mooueable and vnmooueable so that the Successour buyeth all at the Dukes hands and by this meane they bee the best Fermers the Duke hath Thus with their Religion I make an end trusting hereafter to know it better Some additions for better knowledge of this Voyage taken by CLEMENT ADAMS Schoole-master to the Queenes Henshmen from the mouth of Captaine CHANCELOR RIchard Chancelor with his Ship and companie being thus left alone and become very pensiue heauie and sorrowfull by this dispersion of the Fleet hee according to the order before taken shapeth his course for Ward-house in Norway there to expect and abide the arriuall of the rest of the Ships And being come thither and hauing stayed there the space of seauen dayes and looked in vaine for their comming hee determined at length to proceed alone in the purposed voyage And as hee was preparing himselfe to depart it happened that hee fell in companie and speech with certaine Scottish-men who hauing vnderstanding of his intention and wishing well to his actions began earnestly to disswade him from the further prosecution of the discouerie by amplifying the dangers which hee was to fall into and omitted no reason that might serue to that purpose But he holding nothing so ignominious and reproachfull as inconstancie and leuitie of minde and perswading himselfe that a man of valour could not commit a more dishonourable part then for feare of danger to auoyd and shun great attempts was nothing at all changed or discouraged with the speeches and words of the Scots remayning stedfast and immutable in his first resolution
determining either to bring that to passe which was intended or else to dye the death And as for them which were with Master Chancelor in his Ship although they had great cause of discomfort by the losse of their companie whom the foresaid tempest had separated from them and were not a little troubled with cogitations and perturbations of minde in respect of their doubtfull course yet notwithstanding they were of such consent and agreement of minde with Master Chancelor that they were resolute and prepared vnder his direction and gouernment to make proofe and tryall of all aduentures without all feare or mistrust of future dangers Which constancie of minde in all the companie did exceedingly increase their Captaines carefulnesse for hee being swallowed vp with like good will and loue towards them feared left through any errour of his the safetie of the companie should bee indangered To conclude when they saw their desire and hope of the arriuall of the rest of the Ships to bee euery day more and more frustrated they prouided to Sea againe and Master Chancelor held on his course towards that vnknowne part of the world and sayled so farre that hee came at last to the place where hee found no night at all but a continuall light and brightnesse of the Sunne shining cleerely vpon the huge and mightie Sea And hauing the benefite of this perpetuall light for certaine dayes at the length it pleased God to bring them into a certaine great Bay which was of one hundreth miles or there about ouer Whereinto they entred and somewhat farre within it cast anchor and looking euery way about them it hapned that they espyed a farre off a certaine Fisher-boate which Master Chancelor accompanied with a few of his men went towards to common with the Fishermen that were in it and to know of them what Countrey it was and what people and of what manner of liuing they were but they being amazed with the strange greatnesse of his ship for in those parts before that time they had neuer seene the like began presently to auoyd and to flee but hee still following them at last ouertooke them and being come to them they being in great feare as men halfe dead prostrated themselues before him offering to kisse his feete but hee according to his great and singular courtesie looked pleasantly vpon them comforting them by signes and gestures refusing those duties and reuerences of theirs and taking them vp in all louing sort from the ground And it is strange to consider how much fauour afterwards in that place this humanitie of his did purchase to himselfe For they being dismissed spread by and by a report abroad of the arriuall of a strange Nation of a singular gentlenesse and courtesie whereupon the common people came together offering to these new-come ghests victuals freely and not refusing to traffâ—que with them except they had beene bound by a certaine religious vse and custome not to buy any forraine commodities without the knowledge and consent of the King By this time our men had learned that this Countrey was called Russia or Muscouie and that Iuan Vasiliwich which was at that time their Kings name ruled and gouerned farre and wide in those places And the barbarous Russes asked likewise of our men whence they were and what they came for whereunto answer was made that they were English-men sent into those coasts from the most excellent King Edward the sixt hauing from him in commandement certaine things to deliuer to their King and seeking nothing else but his amitie and friendship and traffâ—que with his people whereby they doubted not but that great commoditie and profit would grow to the subiects of both Kingdomes The Barbarians heard these things very gladly and promised their ayde and furtherance to acquaint their King out of hand with so honest and a reasonable a request In the meane time Master Chancelor intreated victuals for his money of the Gouernour of that place who together with others came aboord him and required hostages of them likewise for the more assurance of safetie to himselfe and his companie To whom the Gouernours answered that they knew not in that case the will of their King but yet were willing in such things as they might lawfully doe to pleasure him which was as then to affoord him the benefit of victuals Now while these things were a doing they secretly sent a messenger vnto the Emperour to certifie him of the arriuall of a strange Nation and withall to know his pleasure concerning them Which message was very welcome vnto him insomuch that voluntarily he inuited them to come to his Court But if by reason of the tediousnesse of so long a iourney they thought it not best so to doe then hee granted libertie to his Subiects to bargaine and to traffique with them and further promised that if it would please them to come to him hee himselfe would beare the whole charges of poste Horses In the meane time the Gouernours of the place differred the matter from day to day pretending diuers excuses and saying one while that the consent of all the Gouernours and another while that the great and weightie affaires of the Kindome compelled them to differ their answer and this they did of purpose so long to protract the time vntill the messenger sent before to the King did returne with relation of his will and pleasure But Master Chancelor seeing himselfe held in this suspense with long and vaine expectation and thinking that of intention to delude him they posted the matter off so often was very instant with them to performe their promise Which if they would not doe hee told them that he would depart and proceed in his voyage So that the Muscouites although as yet they knew not the minde of their King yet fearing the departure indeed of our men who had such wares and commodities as they greatly desired they at last resolued to furnish our people with all things necessarie and to conduct them by land to the presence of their King And so Master Chancelor began his iourney which was very long and most troublesome wherein he had the vse of certaine sleds which in that Countrey are very common for they are carried themselues vpon sleds and all their carriages are in the same sort the people almost not knowing any other manner of carriage the cause whereof is the exceeding hardnesse of the ground congealed in the Winter time by the force of the cold which in those places is very extreame and horrible whereof hereafter wee will say something But now they hauing passed the greater part of their iourney met at last with the Sled-man of whom I spake before sent to the King secretly from the Iustices or Gouernours who by some ill hap had lost his way and had gone to the Sea-side which is neere to the Countrey of the Tartars thinking there to haue found our ship But hauing long erred and wandered out