Leader not without great dishonor and losse to the King of the Moores who at the same time was stript fo the victuals ofhis army which he caused to bee conducted to Priegos by the Gouernor D. Gonzale Martines who carried the prey to Alcaudette The gallies of Castille being ioyned to them of Arragon held King Abomelic as it were beseeged in Algezire lying in the straight taking from him all hope of succours either of men or victuals from Affrike wherevpon the Moores beeing aduertised that in Lebrixa was one of the store-houses for he Christian army thought they might well surprise it wherevpon they sent about one thousand fiue hundred horse among the Oliue trees of Xeres where they tooke a great booty but they foūd that D. Fernand Puerto Carrero gouernor of Tariffe was entred a little before with a good number of souldiars wherefore their defeigne beeing disapointed they turned towards Arcos where they spoiled and carried away great store of cattaile whereof the Inhabitants within Seuile being aduertised they went with their city standard to field and beeing ioyned to the Maister of Alcantara to D. Aluar Perez of Guzman to D. Pero Ponce of Leon who went out of Arcos and others they came and incountred these forragers vnlooked for whom they charged so furiously as they put them to rout and recouered all the prey King Abomelic continuing the spoile about Xeres marcht with three thousand and fiue hundred horse which he had reserued and a great number of foot towards Alcala de los Ganzules and beseeged it beeing ignorant of the defeat of his men The victorious Christians hauing ioyned with Fernand Gonçales d' Aguilar who had some horse and being also fortefied by them of Eccia marcht that way and charged this army of Moores with such fury Moores defeated as they put them to flight and chasing and killing them they pursued them far his campe remayning in great confusion and disorder King Abomelic being hastely pursued had no meanes to get to horse but fell amongst the footmen who fled and were hardly followed so as in the end not to be knowne hee cast himselfe amongst those which lay vpon the ground slaine or wounded where a Christian souldiar passing by and not knowing him thrust him through with his sword Abomelic a Moorish King slaine whereof hee died soone after The Christians as some write were not aboue 2000. horse and two thousand fiue hundred foote who without any great losse slue ten thousand Moores in this surprize and pursute they spoiled theri campe and tooke their baggage which was great and so returned ioyfully to Xeres The Kings body was afterwards found neere vnto a brooke whether he had crept as it was likely to quench the burning thirst which doth commonly afflict such as are wounded hauing lost much bloud King Albohacen his father being aduertised of this pittifull accident was inflamed with wrath and desire of reueng makeing al possible speed to passe into Spaine Whilest that hee prepares himselfe Castile there fell out a great disorder in Andalusia by the meanes of D. Leonora of Guzman This woman who gouerned the King made reports accused D. Gonzal Nugnes Maister of Alcantara of certaine matters the which did much incense the King Troubles by the report of a woman wherefore being come to Madrid hee sent to the Maister to come presently vnto him D. Gonzal who was fully aduertised why hee was sent for and knowing how dangerous the King was to them hee did not like obeyed not but thrust on by distrust hee left his seruice and debauching many of his knights hee acquainted himselfe with the Moores and beganne to make practises in Granado The King beeing aduertised of his reuolt returned sodainely and had meanes before hee could dislodge to beseege him in a towne called Valence belonging to the Order of Alcantara whereas D. Gonçale defended himselfe vnto the end and would neuer harken to any words or promises whatsoeuer In the end not able to hold it any longer hee offred to yeeld vnto the Kings mercy but it was too late for the place was forced and he taken and put to death and his body condemned and burnt as a Traitor by the Kings sentence Such as had followed his party and held other places yeelded A man in truth worthy of a more honorable death who besides many generous acts and worthy seruices done vnto the crowne of Castille had beene in the two aboue mentioned victories and adorned the Temples of the towne where he was forced with the standards and ensignes hee had taken from the Moores D. Nugno Chamiço was chosen in his place Ieoffery Giralbert Admiral of Arragon Moores who kept the Sraight with the gallies of Arragon being landed vpon the shoare nere to Algezire had an incounter with the Moores by whom he was vanquished and slaine with an arrow wherevpon the army returned into Arragon that of Castile remayning at the passage the which consisted onely of three and thirtie gallies and some few ships to weake a force to stoppe the Moores passage out of Affrike so as about three thousand Genets past presently into Algezire without any let and beganne to ouerrunne the country about Arcos Xeres and Medina Sidonia gathering together a gret prey but thinking to put it into Algenire they were forced to leaue it by the way being charged by the horsemen which went out of Xeres who slue many vpon the place amongst which was Boutui a famous captaine of the Moores King Alhohaçen had caused a great number of vessels of al sorts to be made ready both in the ports of Spaine and Affrike meaning to carry into Spaine one of the greatest armies that euer went out of Affrike to stop whose passage King Alphonso was il prouided and as he was distrustfull and of a strange humour and many times vniust vnto his best seruants hee compaline of Don Alphonso Ieoffrey Tenorio his Admiral saying that hee slept and suffred the Moores to passe and repasse at their pleasure Loyalty ill rewarded makes a good seruant despaire the which was not true for the Admirall did his duety with those few Gallies hee had and did often take foists and other vessels which did houer about those coastes and ships laden with victuals which came out of Affrike into Spaine namely from Centa to Algezire the which notwithstanding did not satisfie the King who would exact some great effect of necessity wherefore hee thrust the Admirall unto despaire the which was verie preiudiciall to that warre King Albohaçen beeing come to Ceuta in the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1340. An. 1340. and hauing there gathered together to the number of three score and ten Gallies and other vessels to passe his horsemen victuals armes engines and other equipage of warre neere to a hundred and foure score sailes as wel of his owne as of the Kings of Granado hee went with this mighty army towards Spaine where it was
defendants to run thither where they did fight with such obstinacie both parties being in battaile betwixt the ruines not as at the entrance of a breach but as in an open champaine animated by two seuerall passions the one hauing hope to vanquish Hope despaire breed like effects at this siege and the other no hope of mercie in their enemies In the end the Carthaginians were forced to retyre and soone after the Romane embassadours arriued in the rode of Saguntum but Hannibal would not heare them but let them vnderstand That a man busied with so many affaires as he was could not spend his time in words and that he saw no great safetie for them if they landed among so many souldiours of diuers barbarous nations Whereupon they passed into Africke and hauing deliuered their charge vnto the Senat of Carthage and demaunded in vaine That Hannibal the author of the warre should be deliuered vnto them after many protestations they returned with bare words For after much contention among the factions in the Councell of Carthage whereas Hannibal had manie kinsmen and friends answere was made vnto the embassadours That the warre had beene begun by the Saguntines and that the Senat and people of Rome should not embrace their quarrell against the Carthaginians with whom they had liued in peace and amitie for so many yeares Whilest the Romans were thus busied to resolue and to send embassadours The simplicitie of the Romans Hannibal pursues his siege and presseth Sagunt by all means possible He builds new engines animates his souldiors and promiseth them the spoile of a rich towne the Saguntines rampar vp their breaches and labour day and night the batterie begins afresh and they haue many assaults giuen and with greater furie than before In the end being tyred with the multitude of assaylants who had fresh supplies continually they could not keepe the Carthaginians from entring by their breaches their walls being newly repaired with earth after their accustomed manner and therefore easie to pierce so as they seized vpon an high place within the precinct of the towne whereas they planted many of their great crosse-bowes and artillerie after their manner and casting a wall about it they made as it were a citadell against the which the Saguntines did presently make a trench diuiding it from the rest of the towne which was not yet taken And as it happened diuers times that the one getting the other must needs retyre the towne was reduced to a small compasse and withall they had great want of victuals and of all other necessaries by reason of the long siege Hannibal was then forced to march into Oretania and Carpetania where there was some likelyhood of a tumult for that those which he had sent to enroll souldiors were retained by them of the countrey by reason of the great rigour which they vsed As his absence from the campe gaue some rest vnto the Saguntines so his comming among those people caused peace and reduced them to obedience In the meane time Maharbal sonne to Himilco who had the charge to continue the siege vsed such diligence as there was no shew of Hannibals absence To conclude hee wrought so well as at his returne he shewed him large breaches sufficient to giue a generall assault which were made on the side of the castle the which the Carthaginians did win The miserable Saguntines being thus prest and out of all hope of succours Friends a farre off are slow to succour which could not come vnto them but from Rome which was farre from them Alco one of their citizens cast himselfe from the rampar and went to Hannibal without the priuitie of the Senat that he might moue him to some reasonable conditions but Hannibal offered them their liues onely and that they should depart the town with one robe only and to go and dwell where they should be appointed whereupon Alco durst no more returne vnto Sagunt beseeching him to giue him leaue to remaine within the campe then there was a Spanish souldior named Alorco who offered himselfe to carrie these conditions vnto the Saguntines and to persuade them to accept thereof But he preuailed as little as the other for being heard in their Senat they were so farre from yeelding in that manner as by a common consent they resolued to bring all their gold siluer and other goods into the market place where they set it on fire and consumed it and there were some so desperat as they cast themselues into the fire to be consumed with their goods In the meane time there was a great noise heard from a tower which fell suddainely hauing beene long battered the which gaue free entrie vnto the enemies a band of souldiors then being entred by that breach they made a signe vnto the campe whereupon Hannibal being vigilant to embrace all occasions Sagunt taken by assault marched thither with the whole bodie of the armie and tooke the towne hauing giuen charge to his souldiors to kill all that had past the age of foureteene yeares a cruell sentence but he held it necessarie seeing hee had to deale with such obstinat enemies who being in fight neuer yeelded but by death and being shut vp within their towne with their wiues and children would rather burne themselues in their houses than yeeld And although that many things were spoyled and consumed by the fire yet the bootie was great Thus Sagunt fell into Hannibals hands eight moneths after the beginning of the siege And during this siege his wife Himilce was deliuered of a sonne called Aspar which doubled his joy Then did the Romanes resolue to proclaime warre against Carthage The Romans resolue to warre against the Carthaginians mooued partly with the vnworthie calamitie of their friends and allies and partly with the feare of their owne estate the which happened 536 yeares after the foundation of Rome Pub. Cornelius Scipio and Titus Sempronius Longus being created Consuls Honnibal was so farre from any remorse to haue drawne these two Commonweales into armes as contrariwise when hee had brought backe his armie to new Carthage and diuided the spoyle among his souldiors Good fortune transports Hannibal to ouer-great enterprises he began to make preparations to march into Italie from whence he meant to chase the Romans and to driue them if it were possible out of the world Hauing therefore disposed of the affaires of that Prouince and well fortified and manned the townes he left the gouernment generall thereof to Asdrubal his brother and taking his way by the Mediterranean shore to Empurias he entred into Gaule and came vnto the Alpes without any opposition of the Gaules He marcheth towards Italy although they were much prest thereunto by the Romans leading an armie which consisted of Numidians Africanes Spaniards some Gaules and other nations the which he entertained and supplied often with the same nations as well with the reuenues of the mynes of Spaine as that which
Carthaginians entrenched themselues suddainely vpon a mount and there defended themselues easily against the Romanes who did striue to get vp yet being in a naked and desart place and vnfit to endure a siege of few dayes many disbanded and went to the Romanes campe the which Asdrubal perceiuing he abandoned his souldiors embarked himselfe and passed into the 〈◊〉 of Calis Scipio aduertised of his flight left Syllanus with tenne thousand foot and a thousand horse to besiege their campe and he with the rest of the armie returned in 70 daies to Tarracone where he should dispose of the affaires of the princes and noblemen of Spaine and giue rewards according to euery ones merit After his departure Massinissa practised by Sillanus Syllanus had secret conference with Massinissa who hauing new designes in his head passed into Africke with a small traine that he might draw his people to his owne humor The cause of his suddaine change did not then appeare the which he did afterwards justifie by a long and constant loyaltie wherein hee did persist vntill his death Mago did also passe into the Island of Gades Asdrubal hauing sent backe the vessels so as the armie being abandoned by the Commaunders was dispersed some sauing themselues by flight in the neighbour townes and some yeelding to the Romanes In this manner were the Carthaginians chased out of Spaine The Carthaginians chased out of Spaine about the twelfth yeare of the second Punick warre by the conduct and happinesse of Publius Scipio fiue yeares after that he had had the charge of the armies and gouernment of Spaine Within few daies after Syllanus came to Scipio being at Tarracone bringing him newes that the warre was ended L. Scipio was sent from thence to Rome with many prisoners of marke to carrie newes of the absolute victorie obtained of the Carthaginians in Spaine But Scipio not content to haue effected so great matters in that countrey had a greater designe so great was his mind and so desirous of glorie Wherefore knowing that there was not any one man to make head against him in Spaine he embraced all Africke Great dangers accompany great enterprises whither he passed to make factions and to trouble the Carthaginians Estate the which succeeded happily but it may be with greater hazard than was fit for his ranke Pub. Cornelius Scipio being returned out of Africke where he had withdrawne from the alliance of the Carthaginians king Siphax their neighbour and although hee did now see Spaine quiet in respect of the Africanes yet he knew that some townes did containe themselues more for feare than for any loue as those which had greatly incensed the Romanes during the precedent warres the first and chiefe either in greatnesse or offence were Castulo and Illiturgis Castulo and Illiturgis 〈◊〉 and rebellious townes Those of Castulo had shewed themselues friends during the prosperitie of the Romanes but after the defeat and death of the two Scipioes they had reuolted to the Carthaginians The Illiturgians had done worse for besides their reuolt they had deliuered such as had saued themselues there after these defeats to the slaughter These crimes were wisely dissembled by Scipio when hee came first into the Prouince and that matters were yet doubtfull for if he should then haue punished them he should haue respected justice more than profit Not expedient at all times to be iust All things being now assured and quiet hee thought it a fit time to punish them Wherefore hauing called Lu. Martius to Tarracone he sent him to besiege Castulo with the third part of his forces and hee himselfe departing from Carthagena led the rest of his armie before Illiturgis whither he came in fiue dayes march The inhabitants doubting that they would not leaue their trecheries vnpunished had fortified their towne and furnished themselues with all things necessarie to endure a siege Scipio let his souldiors vnderstand That these Spaniards did rightly feare that which they had merited exhorting them to goe against them with greater furie than against the Carthaginians themselues For sayd he the quarrell which wee haue had against them of Carthage Scipio besiegeth Illiturgis was onely for glorie and desire of rule but wee take armes against these men to punish them for their wickednesse and cruell treason The time is now come when wee shall reuenge the murthers done vnto our companions and the trecherie which they had prepared for you if you had fallen into their hands after the defeats and therefore let vs deale so as neuer any Nation shall hereafter dare to wrong the souldiors or citizens of Rome in any disgrace whatsoeuer Hauing animated his souldiors with these words hee commaunded ladders should be brought and distributed to the most assured companies then diuiding his armie into two he commaunded That Lelius his Lieutenant should assayle the towne on the one side and he would lead the rest into diuers places the which was executed with great courage and resolution The townesmen had no need of any captaine to encourage them in their defence for euery one knowing his danger The remembrance of great crimes make men desperat was both a spurre to himselfe and his companion saying That it was not the honour of a victorie which they sought of them but their punishment That they must make an account to die but it was more honest and safe to hazard it fighting whereas euery one giueth as well as taketh and oftentimes the vanquished riseth and the victor falleth rather than to be led bound and manacled after that wee shall haue seene our towne burnt to ashes to end our liues with torments and all ignominie in the sight of our wiues and children Honor and libertie animate valiant men who shall be made slaues Wherefore they came resolutely to the walls not onely such as were able to carrie armes but old men women and children which made resistance aboue their forces they brought stones and gaue armes to those that did fight It was not onely a question of libertie which giueth courage to valiant men but they did apprehend the horror of punishments and the vild and ignominious death which they should suffer euery one tooke courage seeing his companions valour Wherefore if it was well assayled it was better defended so as this Romane armie which had subdued all Spaine being often repulsed by the inhabitants did shamefully wauer Which Scipio perceiuing he feared least his men should faint after so many vaine attempts and the enemies should grow more hardie wherefore hee thought it needfull to hazard his owne person and to bee partaker of the danger whereupon he commanded them to make ready their ladders againe and reproching the souldiors of cowardise he aduanced to mount himselfe if he had found them slacke and came neere vnto the wals Scipio obstinate to vanquish or die not without great danger but the souldiors being very carefull of their Generall began all to crie out and
without any noise being assured they had dispatched him they retired to the Consul Cepio Viriatus treacherously murthered to the dishonour of the Romans and of the Consul Cepio Traitors deceiued by him that suborned them who gaue them leaue to enjoy the possessions which they then held but as for gifts and recompences which he had promised he sent them to the Senat. At the breake of day Viriatus seruants and the whole armie wondering that he slept so long contrarie to his custome some going in found him wallowing in his owne bloud which filled the whole campe with griefe teares who besides their heauinesse for the vnworthy death of so valiant a man they were in care of their own preseruations and for the dangers which did inuiron them Besides they were the more discontented that the traitors were escaped Wherefore taking his bodie and wrapping it in a rich cloth they laid it vpon a high pile and hauing sacrificed many beasts they did celebrate his funerals after their manner the souldiors both horse and foot running about the fire and filling the aire with the name of Viriatus vntill the fire had consumed all after which in memorie of his name they had sword plaiers which did fight for their liues Thus Viriatus ended his dayes being desired and lamented of all his souldiors Viriatus lamented of his souldiours for his valour and bountiâ— for that in war he was the first in danger but when it came to diuide the spoyles he was but equall it may be inferiour to all the rest and he had that happinesse aboue most captaines that hauing an armie of diuers nations he led them to the wars for the space of eight yeares without any mutinie or sedition among his souldiors who in Viriatus place chose Tantalus for their captaine verie contrarie to him in manners and vertue This fact did purchase no lesse infamie to Cepio than to the traitours which did execute it Tantalus was so prest by him as he left both armes and armie vpon composition to whom there were certaine lands appointed so as for a time the Lusitanians contained themselues in peace THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 WArre ill managed by Q. Pompeius against the Numantines 2 The exploits of M. Pompilius Lenas his successour 3 The deeds of D. Brutus in Lusitania and Galatia 4 The miseries of Mancinus and his companion M. Aemilius Lepidus in the Numantine warre 5 The gouernment of P. Furius Philus by whom Mancinus was deliuered vnto the Numantines 6 The Numantine warre ended by P. Scipio Emilianus 7 The expedition of Q. Caecilius Metellus and his victories in the islands of the Baleares 8 The gouernment of C. Marius and other Pretors in Spaine vnto L. Corn. Dolabella 9 The acts of the Consull T. Didius 10 Fuluius Flaccus 11 Retrait of M. Crassus flying the Romane sedition in Spaine 12 Sertorius warre in Spaine begun by Q. Caecilius Metellus and ended by Pompey 13 Death of Cn. Piso in Spaine 14 Gouernments of Calid Tubero and C. Iul. Caesar. 15 Pompey perpetuall Proconsul in Spaine 16 Caesar disarmes Afranius and Petreius in Spaine 17 Caesar constraines M. Varro to yeeld vnto him 18 Warre betwixt Caesar and Pompeyes children 19 Lepidus triumphes for Spaine hauing done no exploit of warre there 20 The deeds of Augustus in Spaine and the absolute conquest thereof 21 Spaine vnder Tiberius 22 Christian religion preached in Spaine 23 Saint Iames sonne to Zebedee 24 Seneca and other learned Spaniards put to death by Nero. 25 Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian and the persecutions of the Church of God vnder them 26 Cocceius Nerua Traian and his edict to ruine the forts of Spaine 27 The peopling of Spaine by Iewes vnder Adrian 28 Spaine vnder the Antonines 29 The Empire of Seuerus Caracalla and others vnto Claudius 30 The enterprises of Tetricus vpon Spaine and the Gaules 31 Spaine vnder Aurelian Tacitus and others vnto Dioclesian 32 Cruelties of Dioclesian against the Church of God and of his companions in the Empire and their ends 33 Constantine the Great his children with Iulian and Iouinian Emperors 34 Valentinian and Valence vnder whom the Gothes inuaded the Roman Empire in the East 35 Theodosius Arcadius and Honorius his children vnder whom the Gothes assailed Italie and the prouinces of the Westerne Empire 1 QVintus Pompeius Aulus Consull in the yeare 612 comming very late in his Prouince and hauing receiued an armie but in bad equipage from the hands of Q. Metellus he went to beseech the Numantines for of all the townes against whom Metellus had made warre only Numantia and Thermancia continued in armes Thermancia was strong by nature situated among the woods and betwixt two riuers and therefore of hard accesse Numantia attempted in vain by Qu. Pompeius wherefore hee went first to Numantia in the which there were eight thousand of the best and most resolute souldiours that were in all Spaine as the Romanes found by experience The Romane armie was in all about thirtie thousand foot and two thousand horse Being at this siege the Romane forragers were charged by a suddaine sally of the besieged so as many of them were slaine vpon the place Pompey was then absent who being aduertised of this rout hasted to the campe but the Numantines notwithstanding his diligence retired without losse and continued daily to skirmish with the souldiours and to haue the aduantage wherewith Pompey being discontented he left it and would attempt Thermancia to see if he could repaire his honour and get some profit but he lost seuen hundred of his best men at the first encounter and they chased a Colonel which conducted victuals to the campe Soone after hee had a third rout with the losse of many horse and foot and with such an amazement of all the rest of the armie as they stood all night in armes and day being come the Thermantines running vnto their trenches and prouoking the enemie they fought with equall aduantage all day long vntill night Whereupon Pompey did also dislodge from thence Qu. Pompeius retyres from Thermancia and marched towards Malia a little towne held by a garrison of the Numantines the which was yeelded by the treason of the inhabitants hauing slaine the souldiors which were set there to gard it where hauing left some companies after that he had disarmed the inhabitants he marched towards Sedetane to defend it from the spoyles of Tangin captaine of the theeues whom he defeated and tooke prisoner with a great number of his souldiors but he could neither draw ranson nor seruice from them for these Barbarian captiues entred into such a rage The Barbariaâ— impatient of seruitude kil themselues as in a manner they all slew themselues or murthered their masters which had bought them being vnable to endure seruitude yea some were so malicious as passing the riuers they made holes in boats so as they sunke with their burthens After all this Pompey
although with great difficulties and troubles The heat and furie of these Arabian Almorauides was cooled and staied by some other good successe of the Nauarrois Arragonois and Cattelans against the Moores their neighbours which gaue the Castillans some time to breath and to recouer new forces D. Pedro King of Nauarre after the taking of Huesca had made continuall warres against the Infidels which lay neere vnto him Nauarre and had taken Pertusa from them After which he went to beseege the city of Barbastro An. 1101. which after a long contestation of either side was yeelded with the castle of Vililla and other forts of that country in the yeere 1101. He presently restored the Episcopal Sea to that city as it had beene wherof D. Ponce was Bishop who was of Rode On the other side the Earle of Barcelone Barcelone growne both in courage and possessions hauing with him the Earle of Vrgel his cousin made an enterprise vpon the Island of Majorca which was held by the Moores Being assisted by some gallies of Pisa and Genoua they past their army into the Island and beganne to batter the forts and to affault the Moores which inhabited it Maâ—orca taken by the cattelans D. Armingol Earle of Vrgel was â—laine there in a sally leauing a son of his owne name to be his successor yet Cid Raymond did batter and assault the city of Majorca with such fury as it was taken in the yeere 1102. and for that hee had newes that the Moores to diuert the conquest of those Islands were come to beseege Barcelone hee returned into Cattelogne leauing the Island to the Geneuois to reduce the rest vnder the power of the Christians Infamous câ—netâ—â—snesse of the Geneuois but mooued as the Cattelans say with a trecherous villanous couetousnesse they sold both the town and the whole Island to the Moores for a sum of money wheerof they say grew the irreconciliable harred betwixt the Cattelans and Geneuois The Moores which had beseeged Barcelona wère force did abandon it with shame and great losse of their men Some authors of the Spanish History write that this Earle D. Raymond Arnonld went into Germany in a disguised habit â—rouence giuen to the house of Barceâ— loâ—e by the Emperor or Henry the fifth and did fight a combat for the Empresse Mathilds wife to Henry accused of adultery and that hauing vanquished her accuser and deliuered the Lady hee returned to Barcelona without discouering himselfe yet this fact beeing knowne and verified the Emperor rewarded him with the county of Prouence which did then belong to the Empire About that time which was in the yeere 1102. died in Castille the wife of Cid Rui◠〈◊〉 Castille daughterm D. Gomes Earle of Gormas who was buried with her husband at Saint Peter of Cardegna neere vnto Burgos The King of Castille in the meane time made head against the Moores without hazarding of much so as after great spoiles of either side that realme had some rest The affaires standing vpon these termes Portugal D. Henry Earle of Portugal son in law to the King D. Alphonso had a desire to goâ— into the Leuant to see the Land where our Sauiour and so many Holy Prophets and Apostels had liued and thrust on also with an emulation of the fame of his â—ousin or vncle D. Raymond of Tolouse and Saint Gyles and of somany Noble men and Barons of France and Germany which had run to that warre He parted in the yeere 1103. hauing with the helpe and aduice of D. Bernard Archbishop of Toledo restored the cities of Coimbra Braga Viseo Lamego and Porto to their Episcopal Seas of which townes Coimbra was the chiefe for the temporal and for the spirituall Braga was made Metropolitaine as it had beene in the Gothes time His way was by German and Hongary with many other Noblemen of France and Germany whose voyage was long and painful There is nothing spoken of him but that he returned with many relikes and among others an arme of Saint Lâ—ke the Euangilist as they did beleeue whereof Alexis Comnen Emperor of Constantinople a secret enemy to the Westerne Princes and to all their enterprises who mocked at all their deuotions made him a worthy present which relike Cont Henry carried into Portugal and placed it with great reuerence in the chiefe church at Braga It was at such time as the Knights of the Temple of Ierusalem were first instituted Knigh's of the Tempâ—â— at Ierusalem by one Hugues de Paganis and Ieoffrey of Saint Adelman hauing vowed to keepe the waies safe from the port of laffa in old time called Ioppa vnto the Temple to whom and to their companions which soone increased to a good number was a place assigned for their dwelling nere the Temple whereof they tooke the name of Templers afterwards mingling Knight-hood with Monacal rules they instituted an order the which which confirmed by the Pope they tooke vpon them a white habit with a red crosse and in succession of time got so great possessions throughout all Christendome as Kings and Popes themselues did enuy them so as vnder the collour of many crimes whether true or false Templeâ—t the beginning 〈◊〉 el the M. 〈◊〉 orders in christandom they were condemned and to rooted out at the councell of Vienne by Pope Clement the fifth their order hauing continued 200. yeeres Whose spoiles were diuided betwixt the Pope King Philip of France the Hospitaliers of Saint Iohn of Ierusalem and others These Templers were the beginning of al the millitary orders which haue beene since made in Christendome Returning to D. Alphonso King of Castille his subjects seeing Castille him without any heires male by the death of D. Sancho that he was now old and broken they tooke councell to perswad him to marry the Countesse D. Vrraca widow to Raymond Earle of Bourgonge to D. Gomes Earle of Campdespina the greatest Nobleman next vnto the King in Castille for the effecting whereof the Noblemen of Castille assembled at Magan a Bourough of Toledo or according vnto others at Masquereque the difficulty was that knowing the King to bee of a high and great spirit there was not any one that durst presume to deliuer the message wherefore they resolued to giue this charge to a physition which was a Iewe called Cidello who was very familiar with the King the which beeing a rash man hee accepted to his owne ruine for hauing found a fit opportunitie as hee thought A iust punishment of a râ—sh men to speake vnto the King of this marriage hee had no sooner touched that subiect but he was repulsed with bitter words and chased out of the Court with charge neuer to returne againe vpon paine of death yet this made the King to thinke that it was fit to marry his daughter and therefore hee made choise of D. Alphonso Infant of Nauarre and Arragon brother to the King D. Pedro for his
his sword presently and gaue this poore Pedro Diaz a deadly wound and then fled the gard and other soldiars making shew to follow him towards the towne where hee was receiued and knowne by his old Master Lope d' Arenas who nothing suspecting Dominguillo was trecherously slaine by him the murtherer hauing meanes to slip downe the wall and to recouer the campe Vpon the Gouernors death the souldiars and inhabitants resolued to yeeld the towne of Surita vnto the King Dominguillo who was prowd of this execution demanded his reward of the King but the King by a memorable example of Iustice whosoeuer aduised him vsed an admirable proportion in this action for hee first caused his eyes to bee put out for the murther which he had committed hauing not made him acquainted therewith and then hee gaue him that which was needfull for his entertainement but hearing after that hee did glory too much in his treason hee caused him to bee slaine After this enterprise of Surita the King dismissed his souldiers who returned to their houses Howsoeuer D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal ended his quarrels with D. Fernand of Leon Portugal yet in the yeere of our Lord 1169. hee had confirmation of his royall titles from Pope Alexander to whom he sent his Bulles taking the King D. Alphonso Henriques his successours Realme and subiects into the protection of the church of Rome paying two markes of gold for an acknowledgment or rent the which the Archbishop of Braga did receiue yeerely for the church of Rome yet no man can say that this rent was euer paied and if D. Fernand married his daughter D. Vrraca by whom he had one sonne called D. Alphonso who succeeded him in his realmes of Leon and Galicia yet this affinity did not suppresse the troubles and lamentable factions which followed King D. Fernand by the aduise of banished Portugais caused the city of Rodrique to be fortified the which some hold to bee ancient Mirobrisa and there placed a good garrison the which did wonderfully annoy the Portugals that lay neere it built Ledesma neere to Salamanca which did much in domage that city as you shal heare this King tooke pleasure in building Places built by D. Fernand when hee was not prest with warre and therefore they say that Granada which is neere to Coria Valencâ—a in the Bishoprike of Quiedo Villalpando Mansilla Majorga in the Bishoprike of Leon and Castro in Toraphe in the Bishoprike of Zamora are his workes Hee was diuorced from Vrraca by reason of consanguinity and tooke to his second wife D. Theresa daughter to Nugno de Lara after whose death he had a third wife called D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay By this last wife D. Fernand had D. Sancho and D. Garcia lawful heires to the realme of Leon Genealogy of Leon. for that they were by the Popes sentence borne in lawful wed-locke not D. Alphonso yet they raigned not neither did they leaue any heires 4 The house of Biscay was then in great esteeme The house of Biscay out of the which was issued the third wife of the King D. Fernand the order and continuance of which family is thus set downe by the Spanish writers They name for the best knowne stem of this house D. suria who by his mothers side was Nephew to the King of Scotland begotten by a knight of Biscay called D. Lope who obtained the Siegneury of Biscay in the yeere 870. Suria in the Cantabrian tongue signifies white He carried in his armories two wolues sables either of them with a Lambe in his mouth in a field Argent which were the ancient armes of Biscay he married to his second wife D. Dalda daughter and heire to D. Sancho Esteguis Ordognes Lord of Tauira of Durango by whom he had one sonne called D. Manso Lopes who was Lord of Biscay and of Tauira of Durango this D. Manso had by his first wife for hee was married thrice one sonne called D. Inigo Esguerra that is to say deafe in the Biscaine tongue who was the third Lord of Biscay Of him was borne D. Lope Diaz the fourth Lord of Biscaie who liued in the time of D. Fernand Conçales Earle of Castille D. Sancho Lopes was his sonne and the fifth Lord of Biscay who although hee had two sonnes D. Inigo and D. Garcia surnamed Sanches yet did neither of them succeed him in the Siegneurie of Biscay the reason was that the souldiars beeing in mutynie at their returne from a certaine warre in Cubijana of Morillas in the Prouince of Alaua as D. Sancho Lopes came amongst their drawne swords to paciâ—ie them he receiued a wound for an other and was slaine leauing these two verie little wherefore the Biscaines hauing neede of a Lord able to gouerne them they made choise of D. Inigo Esguerra the second of that name bastard brother to the deceased who was the sixth Lord of Biscay of him came D. Lope Diaz the second who ruled in Biscay And to make some recompence to the children of D. Sancho Lopes D. Inigo Sancho had Lodio giuen him for a portion and D. Garcia that of Orozco D. Lope Diaz the seuenth Lord of Biscay was father to D. Diego Lopes who succeeded him in the daies of King D. Alphonso the sixth This D. Diego was the eighth Lord of Biscay surnamed the white and being maried to a Lady of Arragon he begat one sonne called D. Lope Diaz who was afterwards the ninth Lord of Biscay the third of that name It is that D. Lope which was at the siege of Surita with King D. Alphonso called the Noble in whose raigne wee now are come and whole daughter D. Vrraca was married to Fernand the second King of Leon and Gallicia hee also hauing built vp the towne of Haro in Rioje surnamed himselfe of Haro and left it to his posterity He had of D. Mencia his wife one sonne called D. Diego Lopes de Haro heire of his fathers estates and an other daughter called D. Gaufreda who some say had beene Queene of Nauarre but it is doubtfull This D. Diego Lopes was the tenth Lord of Biscay and a very good Knight who had the honor to bee standard-bearer to the King of Castille and was at al the exploits of warre done by King D. Alphonso the ninth Hee had to wife D. Maria Diaz de Lara daughter to Cont Nugno of whom we haue made mention and she bare him D. Lopes Diaz de Haro who was the eleuenth Lord of Biscay His Image is to be seene kneeling in the quier of the great church of Toledo planted against a piller The succession of these Lords shall bee here-after set downe according to the time Returning to King D. Alphonso Castille after the taking of Surita hauing dismissed his souldiars he returned to Toledo where hee kept his court and assembled the Noblemen and knights his vassals where finding himselfe in free possession of all the
did also build the Monasterie of Saint Dominike at Porto the church of Saint Peter the Monasterie of Leza of the Order of S. Iohn a League from the same cittie and Saint Mary d Aquas Santas Saint Saluator of Goandara Saint Peter de Retes Saint Mary de Gojos and about Guymaranes the Monasterie of Acosta with many others to the number as they say of an 150. if they fayle not in their account And for a testimonie of great charitie they say that these good Princes left a rent to the barke of Mexanfrio vpon the riuer of Duero to the end they should passe euery one without any fee. Whilest they busied themselues about these workes of pietie Aben-Iacob great Miralmumin of the Arabians being aduertised of the routs and ruine of his sectaries in Spain past the streight in person with great forces of the Almohades Affricanes where hauing ioyned with the Moores of Spaine hee went to beseege Saint Iren into the which Don Sancho the Infant of Portugall had put himselfe beginning to make his Engines ready to batter it where the beseeged were likely to be in great danger but the good old man Don Alphonso Henriques would not let the Infidels glorie in that they had done him this affront in his old age but hauing put his men in order and being resolute hee ledde them to succor his sonne who had intelligence of the Portugall armie the which being fauoured by a furious salley which the beseeged made charged the Moores armie with such resolution as they put them to flight with great slaughter of their best men and the losse of their king Aben Iacob who being mortally wounded in the charge by a Portugal dyed at the passage of the riuer of Tayo 1184. This battell was wonne in the yeare 1184. on S. Iohn Baptists day fiue dayes after the Moores had begun the seege Aben Ioseph his brother succeeded this Moore and was the third King of the Almohades 20 After this famous victorie Portugal these Princes father and son came to Coimbra which was at that time the chiefe towne of the Realme of Portugal and from thence to Porto where the marriage of D. Theresa Infanta of Portugall was concluded with Philip Earle of Flanders Beeing returned to Coimbra D. Alphonso Henriques fell sicke whereof hee dyed being 91. yeares old hauing raigned with the title of a King about 46. yeares and had succeeeded in his fathers Estates and held them 73. D. Sancho the 2. King of Porâ—tugal first of that name yeare His body was interred in the Monasterie of S. Croix of Coimbra D. Sancho his sonne was king after him in Portugall surnamed the Builder of townes 21 D. Fernand King of Leon Leon. Fernand King of Leon puts away his wife had a little before his death put away D. Vrraca his daughter by reason of proximitie of bloud their marriage beeing made without a dispensation from the Pope who beeing as they write wonderfully prest by the King to giue them leaue to remaine together would neuer yeeld vnto it notwithstanding that of her was borne D. Alphonso who succeeded his father in the Realmes of Leon and Gallicia they were cousins in the third degree D. Fernand married afterwards with the daughter of the Earle Don Nugno who liued little with him then he tooke to his third wife D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to the Earle D. Lopes and sister to Don Diego Lopes de Haro with whom he continued not long for hee died in the towne of Benauent in the yeare 1188. hauing had two sonnes by her called D. Sancho Fernandes and D. Garcia His bodie was interred at Compostella in Saint Iames church where as his mother D. Berenguela the Empresse did lye D. Alphonso the 9. of that name the 27. King of Leon. 22 AT the time of his death it seemed there remayned no cause of quarrell betwixt Leon and Castile which was not decided and ended D. Alphonso King of Leon. His sonne D. Alphonso beeing troubled with continuall stormes and quarrels by his mother-in-law D. Vrraca Lopes was retired into Portugall so as at the time of his fathers death he was absent but being aduertised thereof he came presently to Leon where he was receiued and crowned king without any contradiction The King of Castiles Councellors were of opinion that by the death of D. Fernand their Prince had a good oportunitie offered to bee reuenged of the wrongs which were done him during his nonage If he had then any desire of reuenge the future euents will shew D. Alphonso surnamed the Noble raigning then in Castille Castile was numbred for the 4. of that name Ginealogie of Castile of those that raigned alone in Castille whose posteritie was very great for he had eleuen children by Queene Elenor daughter of England the eldest was Queene Blanche mother to the king S. Lewis of France the second D. Berenguela who was queene of Leon daughter to D. Alphonso the ninth The 3. was a sonne named D. Sancho who died in his Infancie the 4. was D. Vrraca Queene of Portugall married to D. Alphonso the second of that name surnamed the Grosse the 5. child was Don Fernand who died also yong the sixt was D. Malfada dead in Salamanca and was not married the 7. D. Constance Abbesse of las Huelgas de Burgos a Monasterie built by her father Then had D. Alphonsa and D. Elenora two daughters who died young and successiuely the Queene was deliuered of another daughter called also Elenor like her selfe who was wife to Don Iayme or Iames first King of that Name and the eighth King of Arragon In the end they had the infant Don Henry who succeded his father in the realmes of Castile and Toledo These were the children which issued of that marriage The other Don Alphonso being crowned King of Leon Leon. his mother-in-law retired into Nagera where she liued long in her widdow-hood and beeing dead was buried in the Monasterie of Saint Mary the royall in the chappell of the true Crosse whereas afterwards others of her house were interred and three of her brethren Don Lopes Diaz D. Martin Lopes and Don Diego Lopes de Haro The new king of Leon stayed not long after his Coronation before he came to the court of Castile beeing at Carrion where they say that King Don Alphonso the Noble his cousin made him knight as he did also Conrad the fourth sonne to the Emperor Fredericke Barbarossa to honour whom the Spaniards write that he would haue giuen him the Infanta Donna Berenguela his daughter but she would not go into Germany others say that the marriage was made and accomplished but Conrad beeing departed to returne into Germaine whither he was called to be Duke of Suabe Donna Berenguela desired to be diuorced the which was done by the meanes of Don Gonçalo Arch-bishop of Toledo and Cardinal Gregorie the Popes Legate and was afterwards married to D. Alphonso King of Leon cousin germaine to
and arriuing at Cordoua hee found that D. Aluaro Perez de Castro and other Captaines and souldiers in great numbers were already come to succour his men King Aben Hut beeing aduertised of all these things and of D. Fernands arriuall with small forces although there came great troupes afterwards thought it fit to preuent him if he could or at the least to strike some terror into the Christians and force them to retire from this seege He had in his armie which lay about Eccia a Christian Knight D. Laurence Suarez betrays king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile a banished man called D. Laurens Suares Hauing imparted his desseigne vnto him he resolued to send him one night vnto the campe vnder colour of seeking to recouer the kings fauour but it was to espie and to discouer vnto him the true estate of the Christians armie This Knight hauing obtained a pasport came vnto the campe and spake vnto the king doing the contrarie to that which he had in charge for he discouered vnto the King D. Fernand all the Moores desseignes and what forces hee had wherefore beeing assured from the king of his grace and fauour he retired to Aben Hut to whom he concealed what he had seene and vnderstood telling him that the Christians army was much stronger then it was indeed Wherefore king Aben Hut durst not attempt that which he had resolued and thinking that they of Cordoua wold hold good for a time he resolued to employ his forces to succour king Zaen who was prest by the king of Arragon towards Valencia thinking after that he had repulsed the Arragonois to returne fortified with Zaens forces and cause the Christians to retire from before Cordoua Beeing arriued at Almery to imbarke his army a vassall of his whom hee did much esteeme called Aben Arramin inuited him to supper where he so feasted him as beeing drunke he cast him into a great vessell full of water and there drowned him wherupon the army disbanded and D. Laurence Suarez whom king Aben Hut had ledde with him retired to the king of Castile who receiued him graciously notwithstanding that he had betrayed him who had entertayned him during his exile This death of this Moorish king Cordoua yelded 1236. beeing generally knowne especially at Cordoua the beseeged despayred of succors so as they yeelded the cittie vnto the king of Castile the sixt moneth of the seege in the yeare 1236 which was 522. yeares after that it had beene first taken by the Moores The king Don Fernand caused a crosse to be set vppon the tower of the great Mesquide in token of our redemption and neere vnto it the standard of Castile which Mesquide was purified beeing one of the goodliest buildings in Spaine and made the Cathedrall Church D Lope de Hitero first Bishop of Cordoua of the which Don Lope de Hitero of Piçuerga was made bishop The king did indow it with rents and reuenues like the rest and so did the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo in his returne from Rome where he had beene during the seege and was not at the taking thereof of his great griefe but affaires of greater Importance had kept him absent in the meane time Don Iohn Bishop of Osma was his Vice-gerent and Chancelor to the King There the bells of Saint Iames were found which the Alhagib Almançor had taken away in the yeare 975. and placed them in this great Mosqueé making them to serue for lampes which the king Don Fernand caused to be transported to their auncient mansion The affaires of this great cittie which had beene the chiefe of the Moores estate were ordered by the king both for religion 〈◊〉 Iustice and for the guard and safety therof with great care Don Tello Alphonso de Mâ—neses was made Gouernor of the citty and Don Aluar Perez de Castro of the whole fronter The kingdome of Granado BY the losse of Cordoua and the death of king Aben Hut the Moores were wonderfully dismayed and voyd of Councell wherefore they returned to their old course euery one respecting his priuate interest so as the Infidels estate was dismembred into many parts Aben Hudiel among others seazed vpon the Realme of Murcia Zeit and Zaen being yet in warre and contending for the realme of Valencia In the country of Algarbe whereof Niebla was the chiefe citty Aben Iafon raigned who had for his successor Aben Amarin and then another called Aben Mofad Those of Seuile would haue no king but onely a Gouernor Beginning of Granado where one Axataf was in great authoritie and it was he which lost it But aboue all the power of Mahomad Alienalagmar or Aben Alamar was great so called for that he had a red face who from a shepheard hauing followed armes had attained to the chiefe places of honour and was in such credit by reason of his valour force and stature as in these tumults the Inhabitants of Arjona where he was borne chose him for their king and then other people submitted themselues vnder him especially the townes of Iaen Bacça which was ill garded and Guadix and in the end the citty of Granado which he afterwards made his royall seate and the chiefe of all his country and Seigneuries This was the first king of Granado whereas vntill that time there was no kingdome it was erected at such time as Cordoua the chiefe cittie of all the Moores Estate in Spain was made subiect vnto the Christians 25 Whilest that the king Don Fernand is busie at this honorable enterprize of Cordoua and D. Iaime or Iames king of Arragon at that of Valencia which was nothing inferior â—auarre Thibaud the new king of Nauarre had meanes of settle his affaires without any difficultie for he found all the Estates of the Kingdome willing to obey him At his reception he did sweare and confirme the liberties and priuiledges of the country the which he did also augment This was the beginning of the second masculine line of the Kings of Nauarre 〈…〉 the first ending in D. Sancho the which since D. Garcia Ximenes had continued 518. yeares Successions of States and Soueraignties falling to women against all lawe and presidents of well ordered kingdomes in the first ages is the cause that strange and vnknowne Princes of diuers humors come to raigne ouer Nations which sometimes haue succeeded well but very often great troubles and inconueniences haue followed At this time the Nauarrois were not vnfortunate to haue a king of the French nation who was a meanes to augment the power and dignitie of that Crowne by many accessories from France his mother D. Blanche daughter to the king D. Sancho the Wise and sister to the last Sancho was the first which brought the succession of women into Nauarre although she did not raigne beeing dead before the king Don Sancho the Strong her brother D. Pedro Ramires of Pedrola Bishop of Pampelone among others did faithfully maintaine the rights of this
a Parlament which was called at Vailledolit and in the meane time he sought vnderhand to corrupt the Deputies of townes and commonalties and of the other orders of the countrie to the preiudice of Don Fernand. The Queene D. Maria preuented all these disorders which were not hidden from her but with great paine seeking to content Don Henry During these garboiles they had newes that the Nauarrois breaking the truce had seazed vppon the Iuifuerie of the cittie of Nagera a place strong by nature the which they fortified saying that they held it in the name of the Infant Don Alphonso de la Cerde whome they called king of Castile Alphonso de Ronay Gouernor of Nauer and as they would haue gone on along the riuer of Oja they were repulsed by Don Iohn Alphonso de Haro who beseeged them in the Iuifuerie and prest them in such sort An. 1297. as they were forced to leaue it and to yeeld this was in the yeare 1297. when as the kindgome of Nauar as gouerned in the name of the King and Queene of France by Alphonso de Ronay At which time Don Iames king of Arragon was in Italy Arragon where the peace made in the yeare 1295. betwixt him the king of Naples and the French king was renewed and confirmed in the towne of Anania in the presence of Pope Boniface and the better to confirme the friendship betwixt these Princes the king of Nauarre yeelded vp the townes of Lerda Vlfirera and Sauueterre vnto the king Don Iames beeing taken from the Crowne of Arragon so as for this cause the peace and amity betwixt Nauarre and Arragon was firme and vnited against Castile By these treaties the fort of Albarazin was yeelded vppe to D. Iohn de Lara to entertaine him and was taken from D. Fernand bastard brother to the king Don Iames as if it had beene vniustly taken from the father of Don Iohn who did homage to the king of Arragon The widow Queene of Castile seeking by all meanes to preserue her sonnes Realme Castille from so many imminent dangers renewed againe the treatie of mariage betwixt him and the Infanta D. Constance of Portugal in the towne of Alcaniz whether the Infanta was brought by the king her father and accorded for a future spouse vnto the young king D. Fernand and to make a more strict League of friendship Accord betwixt Castile and Portugall by marriages the King D. Denis concluded a marriage betwixt D. Beatrix Infanta of Castile and his eldest sonne D. Alphonso who was then but eight yeares old These marriages were made with great disaduantage for the king of Castile for the conuentions made in consideration thereof were these That the king of Portugal should hold in pawne Oliuencia Conguela Campo Moya and S. Felix de los Gallegos places belonging to the Crowne of Castile Then did the king D. Denis renounce the league which he had with the Infant Don Iohn who raigned in Leon and gaue vnto the widow-Queene three hundred horse to go against him but they returned soone after hauing not done any thing The Infant Don Alphonso de la Cerde on the other side seazed on the towne of Almaçan and the troupes of Don Iohn Nugnes and of the Infant Don Iohn had almost surprized Siguença who finding themselues in great want of siluer coyned great store of false money vnder the stampe of the king Don Fernand and did many other acts which were not commendable the which necessitie and ambitious obstinacy do force men vnto so as D. Denis king of Portugal at the instance of the widow and the young King entred into Castile by Cite Roderigo in shew to make warre against the Rebels but it was all counterfeit for the effects did shew he came more to fauour them then otherwise whatsoeuer it were hee did no act of an enemy against them but propounded some conditions of peace fauourable for them beeing of opinion that to retire the Infant Don Iohn from his pursute and to draw him to the king Don Fernands seruice they should grant the Realme of Gallicia to him and his for euer and that of Leon for his life time the which beeing disliked by the Councell of Castile the king of Portugal grew thereat discontent and so returned into his countrie after which the Rebels tooke heart and it was the cause of a new reuolt of many knights and townes and protestations of others to do the like if they did not what they demanded wherefore the Queene D. Maria and her Councell were forced to yeeld to many vnworthy things and was rather gouerned with her sonne and her Councell by her subiects then she did gouerne them To this was added a new care which came from Nauarre Nauarre where as Alphonso de Roleed was Gouernor in the yeare 1300. An. 1300. who sent an Ambassador into Castile in the name of king Philip the Faire and D. Ieanne his wife Queene proprietarie of Nauarre to demand the lands and ancient patrimonie of the Crowne of Nauarre vsurped by the precedent kings of Castile extending from the limits which were then betwixt he two kingdoms vnto Atapuerca and places neere vnto the cittie of Burgos which Ambassadour beeing a knight of Nauarre was sent backe to the Queene D Maria and her Councell with the best words they could giue him The French king was then much troubled with the Flemings of Bruges and others by whom he had receiued a notable route with the death of many Noblemen among the which were Robert Earle of Artois Renald of Nesle Constable of France and aboue two hundred men of esteeme The Ambassador beeing returned the Gouernour held a Councell with the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and other enemies to the king of Castile at a place called Duegnas where they resolued to send D. Iohn Nugnes vnto King Philip with other Ambassadors to the end he should authorize the promises made in this assembly to ayde one another to conquer the lands of the riuer of Oja for the Crowne of Nauarre and the Realme of Castile for the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde These Ambassadors were well receiued in the Court of France and present dispatches were made with approbation of all that had beene done the king writing vnto the gouernor that he shold giue all ayde and assistance to them that were fled out of Castile against the King D. Fernand. 17 At that time we find Castile that the towne of Bilbao was built by Don Diego Lapes de Haro who had made his peace with the young King Don Fernand and did enioy Biscay This place is built vpon a riuer called in the country language Ybay Çabal Foundation of Bilbao which signifieth Great-riuer for it is the greatest in all those quarters and some affirme that it is the riuer which was anciently called Neruium very nauigable the which falls into the sea at Portugalette two leagues
tributes vnto the Church At that time the chiefe men in the Iland were Brancaleon d' Oria and Hugues Vicont of Bassi this last being corrupted by the king of Arragon shewed himselfe an enemy to the Pisans and began the war of Sardinia with happie successe The king drew vnto his partie Guelphe Earle of Donoratico Kinsman to Cardinall Luke Fiesco and suddenly sent Dalmais Vicount of Rocabertin and his vncle Girard Bertrand of Castelet and Hugh of S. Paix Cattelans with 200. horse and 2000. foot to fortifie his partisans in the Iland Whilest that the armie assembled in the port of Fangoso where there met about the end of Iune in the yeare 1233. sixty gallies and 20. ships armed and aboue twice as many other vessels carrying victuals and baggage The Infant D. Alphonso parted with his fleet vnder the conduct of Francisco Carroço Admirall and came with a good wind to the port of S. Marke neere vnto the ruines of the ancient cittie of Sulsi a Colony of the Carthaginians The souldiers beeing landed began to presse the towne from the Church in the which were Barnabas d' Oria sonne to Brancaleon and other Captaines who after long resistance yeelded it to the Infant D. Alphonso The cities of Cailleti Eglise Aquafredda Iojosaguarda Orguilos Sardinia inuaded by the Arragonois Oleastro Quirrano Patra and other places held good for the Pisans whilest they battered the towne of Eglise the Admirall Francisco Carroso with 20. gallies beseeged the port of Cailleri and Dalmais Vicount of Rocabertin by land seazed vppon an hill which commanded the castell or fort of that citty but this place was releeeud by Manfroy sonne to Regnier one of Earles of Donoratico who came to Terranoua with 25. gallies of Pisa and some number of souldiers the which hauing landed at Decimo a Bourg so called for that it is ten myles from Cailleri by the fauour of this armie he gathered together a great number of Sardes and fortified himselfe in such sort as hee presumed to offer battaile to the Arragonois Those that were before the towne of Eglise were wonderfully afflicted with sicknesse which grew through the bad disposition of the ayre of Sardinia and euen the Infant D. Alphonso was in danger of death yet persisting at the seege the towne beeing prest by force and want of victuals it was yeelded Eglise yeelded to the Arragonois hauing held out eight moneths during the which many dyed through the infection of the pestilent ayre Don Artal de Luna and his sonne of the same name Gambault of Beneuent D'almais of Chastelnoua Girard of Rocabertin Gillebert Centillas Pedro Querault Raymond Berenger Ceruillon Raymond Alleman Galcer and S. Paix and Raymond of Cardona all men of note so as the taking of the towne of Eglise cost the Arragonois deare After this exploit the Infant D. Alphonso led the armie to the seege of Cailleri against whome Manfroy aduanced with those Pisans which he had brought and some Sardes gathered together where there was a fierce and bloudie battell but the Arragonois had the victorie hauing lost D. Alleman de Luna Defcate of Pisans and Sardes before Cailleri nephew to D. Symon de Luna Arch bishop of Tarragone who was much lamented Manfroy being wounded saued himselfe in the fort of Cailleri and at that instant there arriued 18. gallies of supplies to the Infant D. Alphonso from Barcelona Wherefore the towne and fort of Cailleri were more straightly and violently battered then before so as the beseeged beeing reduced to great extremities following the aduise of Manfroy their Captaine and by his leading made a sudden sally foorth with all their horse among the which were 500. souldiers the best and most resolute spirits among all the Pisans and charged the Arragonois army with great terrour and amazement yet through the diligence of the Infant and his Captains the enemy was repulsed with the losse of three hundred horse Here Manfroy was grieuously wounded againe whereof and for griefe of this last losse he died soone after the which draue the beseeged into such despaire that hauing aduertised the Pisans of their estate and they sending to demand a peace of the king D. Iames beeing at Barcelona by the meanes and negotiation of Brancaleon D' Oria they came to composition vppon these conditions That the citty and castell of Cailleri bee yeelded vp to the Infant and the prisoners of either part deliuered which citty and castell should be deliuered againe vnto the Pisans vppon condition that they should hold it and all they enioyed in Sardinia in fee and homage of the crowne of Arragon Yea some Authors among the Arragonois say that the citty it selfe of Pisa and that it should be lawfull for the trafficke in Cattelogne and Arragon and to haue a Consull in the citty of Barcelona These things being accorded and performed the Infant D. Alphonso gaue many castels lands and reuenues to Noblemen and Gentlemen which had serued faithfully and valiantly in this warre in the which many gallies of Majorca had continued He left D. Philip de Salces Gouernour of Sardinia and Commander of the men of warre and D. Berenger Carroso sonne to Don Francis to cammand the gallies which were left there for the guard of the Iland Hauing thus disposed of the affaires the army imbarked at Saint Macaire and sayled with their Generall D. Alphonso towards Barcelona where they arriued with a prosperous wind about the beginning of August An. 1324. in the yeare 1324. There were great signes of ioy made at the landing of his victorious armie and thanks-giuing vnto God in the citty of Barcelona but some write that the king Don Iames going foorth to meet his sonne triumphing and full of glorie for the warre of Sardinia so happily ended seeing him attired in the habit of a Sarde he grew sad and would not speake vnto him vntill hee had taken a more seemely garment wherefore in the midst of this pompe the Infant put on his coate of armes and then the king his father imbraced him and honored him much saying aloud that he tooke great delight to see him attired like the Commander of a victorious warre and not in the habite of a slaue After the conquest of Sardinia the king D. Iames was sollicited by Castruccio Castracani gouerning at that time at Luca to make the expedition of Corsica against the Geneuois promising that he would prouide them such worke in Italy as the enterprise of that Iland should easie but Barnabas d' Oria who was then in fauour with the King D. Iames diuerted him shewing that it should bee more expedient and profitable to practise the chiefe Noblemen of Corsica and to draw them to his seruice The affaires of Sardinia continued not long quiet as we will shew but it is necessary to relate first what past in the other parts of Spaine during these wars and conquests of the Arragonois 35 In Portugal there was then erected the Order
the king gaue him many bitter and threatning words Mahumet either for feare or disdaine to haue beene threatened with iniurious words layed a plot with Ozmin who was already much discontented for the death of his sonne whome they had so little spared at the assault of the rocke of Martos and resolued together to kill king Ismael and to place in the royall Seate of Granado a Moore called Mahumet Aben Alhamar or the Vermell who descended from i the first king of Granado and carried the same name saying that the Crowne belonged more rightly to him then to Ismael who was allyed to these kings onely by the Mothers side This king was called to this Councell and they made a new confederacie with Ozmin who should bee readie in Armes with his friends and seruants whilest that Mahumet sonne to the Gouernour of Algezire with his father and another brother should execute the murther vpon the person of king Ismael These things beeing concluded the Conspirators entred into Alhambra of Granado and addressing themselues vnto the king they told him that they had some matters of great importance to impart vnto him desiring him to giue them audience in some retired place the which the king willingly graunted who beeing entred into a gallerie the father and the sonne marching before the king and his brother after with the great Prouost or Constable of Granado whom they called Alguazil Maior the two foremost turned suddenly vppon the king and gaue him two wouds vpon the head The Alguazil seeing this disloyaltie drew his sword to defend his king and fought so valiantly against these two traytors father and sonne as hee made them giue backe vnto the end of the gallerie and to enter into a chamber into the which hee shut them notwithstanding that the brother who was the third murtherer had wounded him behind in foure places who returning afterwards against the king gaue him a mortall wound in the shoulder The Alguazil hauing shut vp the two first came against the third and forced him to enter into an old cabinet into the which he also shut him Ismael king of Granado 〈◊〉 by 〈…〉 Beeing thus freed of the traytors this faithfull seruant came vnto the king whom he found grieuously wounded and almost fainting hauing taken him in his armes and carried him into a chamber in the which were his mother widow to Ferrachen and his wiues where leauing the cure and care of him to them hee went into the pallace Court of Alhambra where as he found many as well of the conspirators as of others which might haue heard the noyse and vnderstood something of the fact to whome hee sayd there was no great danger and that the kings wounds were light and hauing called some vnto him whom he knew faithfull vnto the king he entred with them into those places where as the traytors were shut and cut off their heads then he returned into the chamber where as the king was in the Phisitions and Surgeons hands but there was no more hope of life wherefore going out of Alhambra he met with Ozmin who came running at this noyse well accompanied and asked him of the kings life The Alguazil dissembling the truth answered that all was well intreating him to accompany him to seaze vpon those that were suspected to be of this conspiracie the which Ozmin durst not refuse thus of a traytor he became faithfull by constraint and running through the city of Granado they seazed vpon all the friends and seruants of the murtherer Mahumet and brought them into Alhambra where in the heate they were put to death In the meane time king Ismael breathed his last hauing raigned by force about nine yeares this was in the yeare 1322. and the 705. of the Arabians Mahumet the sixt K. of Granado TO him succeeded his sonne Mahomet the sixt by the meanes and dexteritie of the Prouost or Alquazil who hauing seene the kings death and keeping it as secret as he could he gaue the Noblemen and Knights Granadins to vnderstand that they should shew themselues in armes before the castell to receiue the Kings commandements and namely Ozmin who was not well assured in his conscience but studied what hee should do yet he came well followed The Nobility being assembled the Alguazil being faithfull to the king euen after his death taking the eldest to three sons which he had left in his armes he went out of Alhambra and declared the truth vnto the assembly how the king had benne slaine by the treason of Mahumet and what had followed and presenting the child who was but twelue yeares old vnto the knights hee recommended him vnto them and perswaded them to acknowledge him for their lawfull king Ozmin who was of greatest authority among them was wonderfully perpelxt and wauering in his discourses yet thinking that he should rule this Infant better then any other he was the first that gaue his consent saying Mahumet is our king His voyce was allowed by all that were present and the brute both of Ismaels death and of the election of Mahumet his sonne was dispersed through the town and soone after the new king was led through the streets and shewed vnto the Granadins who were discontended at this sudden change as wel by reason of the King murthered as of the hasty election of his sonne beeing so young yet it held good but notwithstanding that this young Mahumet obtained the Realme by a law full meanes yet his end was miserable being a familiar thing among the Arabians one to spoyle and dispossesse an other by wicked and cruell treasons as a people alwaies void of all good gouernement Such of the conspirators as were not taken fled among the which was Mahumet Aben-Athamar who in time returned to Granado and raigned as we shall hereafter shew What past in Nauarre during the raigne of Philip the Long Nauarre who dyed about the time of these reuolutions in Granado we find not any thing worth the relating only mention is made of a Gouernor for the king in that Realme called Ponce of Morentain whome some terme Lord of Rossillon othes Vicont of Anay of Arnaud of Barbastan Bishop of Pampleona D. Martin of Ayuar Standard-bearer of the Realme D. Iuigo Peres de Rada a Knight D. Iohn Arnaud of Espeleta of the Abbot of Lerin of D. Martin Iuanes of Vrris D. Pedro Ximenes of Mirafuentes D. Garcia Martines of Ollaoqui Diego Martines of Vrris and Martines of Arletta knights who made the Councell of state of that Realme The end of the thirteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FOVRTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 CHarles the Faire first of that name the 28. king of Nauarre troubles in the Realm vnder the Gouernors his marriages 2 Excesse massacres and spoyling of the Iewes in Nauarre 3 Ieanne daughter to Lewis Hutin Queene of Nauarre and in her right Philip of Eureux accounted for the 29. King of Nauarre and the third of that name Articles
Nauarre and Arragon began then to make many practises with the Kings of Portugal and England to dispossesse the King D. Henry of his new conquest in the which Carmona in Andalusia Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo in Castile with a good part of Galicia refused to obey him al the rest acknowledging him for King For Toledo as soone as D. Pedros death was knowne yeelded Seuile opened her gates the castle of Montiel was deliuered him where and in other places hee foūd great store of treasure iewels silks tapstries other rich mouables of the deceased king The townes of Logrogno Victoria Saluatierra of Alua and St. Cruz of Campeço were yeelded to the king of Nauar he of Arragon had seized on Molina Cagnet Requegna hauing corrupted Garcia of Vera and Aluar Ruis of Espejo captaines of these places D. Henry sought to make some accord with thē of Carmona demanding fridēship and offring a truce to the King of Granado Truce offred by the King D. Henry and refused by him the which the King of Castile had neuer done but he could nto effect it Mahumet the Old King of Granado answered that hee would be a friend to the King D. Pedro dead as hee had beene in his life time wherefore the King leauing good order vpon that frontier and appointing D. Gonçalo Mexia maister of the knights of Saint Iames Gouernor thereof with other Noblemen and Captaines he parted from Seuile to come to Toledo Then he caused a certaine coine to bee made called croysez of the value of a marauedis and an other kinde called rials Money currant in Castile of the value of foure marauidis Euery marauidis in those times being worth ten of the lesser at this daie The first that began to quarrel with him for the succession of the realme Portugal was D. Fernand King of Portugal who pretended to be lawful heire as Grandchild to D. Beatrix of Castile daughter to D. Sancho the Braue he was animated in this ambition by the Inhabitants of Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo frontier townes of Portugal Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo contrary to the King D. Henry who would not acknowledge D. Henry but called in D. Fernand to raigne ouer them as it seemed all the country of Galicia had the like intent the towne of Corunna commonly called the Groine hauing voluntarily subiected it selfe to the king of Portugal To preuent which inconueniences the king D. Henry marched with a great army towards Zamore to beseege it but finding it strong and wel manned he past on into Galicia D. Fernand finding himselfe inferior both in number of men in valour and in experience of warre vnto D. Henry would not attend him but imbarked and returned into his country by sea leauing a good garrison in the Groine 〈…〉 The King D. Henry accompanied by Bertrand of Guesclin entred into Portugal betwixt the riuers of Duero and Minio where he tooke Braga and Bragança and ouerrun al that country in view of the enemies who durst not present themselues in battaile and had done worse if he had not beene called backe by the newes which he receiued of the Moores attempts and of the taking of Algezire by the King of Granado who hauing intelligence with the King of Portugal had beseeged taken and razed this place euen vnto the ground in hattred of the great losses which the Moores his predecessors and their confederats had receiued by reason thereof Moores take Algezire At that time there raigned at Fez in Affrike and in Algarue or the plaines of Affrike a prince of the race of the Merins called Abayfer Abdelaziz to whom the Kings of Arragon and Granado hauing conspired against D. Henry sent their Ambassadors An. 1370. in the yeere 1370. to treat a peace and league with him the which they did for fiue yeeres and in the mean time the King of Granado ceased no to annoy the contry of Andalusia and to doe all the spoile he could giuing it out that it was in fauor and aide of D. Pedros children who were in Carmona well manned and fortefied The King D. Henry went to field against this Moore Castille who in passing attempted Ciudad Roderigo but he could not take it Being come to Medina del Campo where the Estates were assembled he was assisted with great summes of money wherewith hee contented strangers which had serued him and withal hee receiued for the ransome of D. Iames of Majorca who had beene taken in the castle of Burgos 70000. ducats paied by Queene Ieanne of Naples his wife They hold that Bertrand of Guesclin and others receiued there aboue sixe score thousand doublons besides the townes and places which hee gaue them as to Guesclin the townes of Soria Almaçan Ariença Montague and Seron and moreouer the Siegneury of Molina which the King of Arragon held that hee might breed a iarre betwixt them There Bertrand of Guesclin tooke his leaue and returned into France where he was made Constable and managed the warre against the English The King D. Henry being come into Andalusia hee was to arme himselfe against the Moores against them of Carmona against the gallies of Portugal who did trouble that coast stoping the mouth to the riuer of Guadalquibir so as the towne of Seuile was much anoied The King was nothing well prouided of gallies ships of warre yet he gaue such order as in a short time he had a good army made ready in Biscay and Guipuscoa whereby the sea was assured the Generall of this armie was called Pero Gonçales of Aguero During these actions D. Tello the Kings brother beeing reconciled and left by him in Galicia to make head against the Portugals died and was buried at Saint Francis of Palencia the Siegneuries of Biscay and Lara held by him were afterwards giuen by the King vnto his sonne D. Iohn who being come vnto the crowne did incorporat them vnto it for euer In the yeere 1371. An. 1371. Carmona was straightly beseeged and after many assaults yeelded by D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua vpon certaine conditions During the seege there was so furious a sally made as they came vnto the Kings tent Carmone yeelded to the King D Henry where he was in great danger wherewith being incensed and at many other bad offices of this maister he caused him to be slaine afterwards at Seuile passion surmounting the religion of othes and promises There was great store of the deceased D. Pedros treasure found by the King And at the time of this seege D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco great Chamberlaine to the King tooke Zamora and in Galicia many rebels were subdued by D. Pedro Manriques gouernor general of Castile and D. Pedro Ruis Sarmiento gouernor of Galicia 2 This good successe made the King of Portugal yeeld to the will of God Portugal who shewed plainely that D. Henry must raigne wherefore these Princes made a peace at Alcantin treating a
people at the seege of this castle retired himselfe to a strong hold from whence euery day he offered the King battaile A bloudy fight betwixt the Kings army and that 〈◊〉 D. Hugo de Caodona beeing come to fight the victory remained for a while doubtfull on either side but the last it fell to the King there died as well in this incounter as in the skirmishes of the seege more then fifteene hundred of the enemies and very neere as many on the Kings part so as hee had small occasion to reckon this victory in the number of his happy ones From thence the Kings army marched to the aide of the Archbishop of Tarragon whom those of Lerida and Ceruera held beseeged in a place very discommodious who freed him from thence In an other place Don Alphonso of Arragon obtained a great victory neere vnto the towne of Saint Colomba with whom the Kings army ioyning that place yeelded besides this the towne of Ceriall was taken by force and all the country thereabout whilest the Queene and the Earle of Foix in an other place tooke the towne of Moncada by assault with many other places which for feare yeelded vnto them Whilest the affaires of King Iohn succeeded well in Cattalogna Moores the King of Castile made open warres vpon the frontiers of Granada since the defeate of the Infant Haly Muly-Hacen wherein Don Iohn de Guzman the first Duke of Medina Sidonia sonne to Count Henry of Niebla who was drowned before Gibralter Gibralter taken by the Castillians made excellent proofe of his valor and good conduct and he had the good hap to subiect the city of Gibraltar to the crowne of Castile which his father had attempted in vaine The newes of this conquest were so pleasing to King Henry as amongest his other titles hee would bee called King of Gibraltar for this city had beene the chiefe in the Kingdome of Abomelech the Infant of Marocco sonne to King Alboacen of the kindred of the Merins This happie exploite was accompanied with the taking of the City of Archedona by the Maister of Calatraua Don Pedro Giron brother to the Marquis of Villena The keeping of Gibraltar was committed for that time to Pedro de Porras About this time diuers Princes and Potentates sent their Ambassadors to the King of Castile Castile namely from his cosin King Fernand of Naples from Pope Pius and the Colledge of Cardinals and from the Venetians who desired his perpetuall friendship and confederacy The Geneuois offered him fealty and homage and withall to become his subiects but King Henry contenting himselfe with his owne estates not being by nature ambitious did not desire to meddle in those forraine businesses albeit there wanted not diuers of his councell to animate him therevnto King Iohn hauing Nauarre and Arragon at Moncada ioyned his army with that of the Queene his wife and his sonne in law the Earle of Foix the councell thought it fit to send to beseege the City of Barcelona and it was so concluded notwithstanding that the King was of a contrary opinion The Barcelonois had receiued the aboue mentioned aide from Castile Barcelona erecteth the banners of Castile and resoluing neuer more to obey the King of Arragon they had set vp the banners of Castile the citty was very rich and greatly furnished with men and munition very strong in their walles and towers and excellently wel prouided of al things belonging to the sea by reason whereof they made sundry sallies and skirmishes with the Kings army to the great losse and hinderance thereof as well by land as by sea and namely they gaue chase to captaine Vilago who kept the sea from them with eight Gallies of Arragon so as the King thought it the best way to raise his seege after that hee had beene before it by the space of twenty daies causing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon to spoile the country round about the citty From thence the army marched to Villa-franca which was taken by force and there the King caused to be executed by order of law foure hundred of the Inhabitants beeing prouoked therevnto by the death of two French captaines which were slaine at his entery into the towne which became such a terror to the rest of the townes thereabouts as diuerse yeelded without any resistance at all They beseeged the city of Tarragon Tarragon yeelded to the king which at the first made resistance yet neuer sallied forth of their wals but when they beheld their fields burnt and the continual battery and assaults of the enemies their courage began to shrinke especially when the aide which was sent them from Barcelona was at their landing constrained to flie backe to their Gallies then with very easie conditions they yeelded to the King who left Roderigo of Rebolledo for their Gouernor he himselfe going backe to Ballaguer The Cattelans thus distressed sent new Ambassadors into Castile one of them was the Archdeacon of Girona who being ioyned to the Ambassador resident with King Henry made new offers of submission and full obedience vnto him beseeching him to intitule himselfe King of Arragon and Earle of Barcelona seeing that hee was assured that those dominions did by all diuine and humaine right belong vnto him and that now the voluntary consent of the people did inuite him therevnto requesting moreouer aide of souldiars The King of Castile beside this publique Ambassage was solicited therevnto by sundry Lords and other cities of Valencia and Arragon and to speake truely hee did greatly incline to their demaunds but the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena the Kings chiefe councellors after whose appetite the whole affaires of the Kingdome were gouerned were of a contrary opinion and peraduenture they had intelligence with King Iohn of Arragon but it was not certainely knowne whether it were so or no wherefore the businesse beeing debated on by the councell the Ambassadors receiued this answere that if they ment to haue any aide of souldiars it did then behoue them to bring store of money with them and as for the title to the crowne of Arragon and county of Barcelona King Henry would consider thereon with more mature deliberation The Ambassadors replied that if it would please the King to take their cause in hand and to shew himselfe openly in their defence as his subiects they would venture their heads if within threescore daies after they did not bring into the Kings coffers the summe of seuen hundred thousand florins of gold This seemed a dreame to the Archbishop and the Marquis for the summe was exceeding great for those times and they two hauing an other purpose wrought so well as king Henry not onely refused their offers but withdrew himselfe wholy from the warre of Arragon giuing them to vnderstand that he had rather with the helpe of the French King mediate a good peace for them Now the Marquis and the Archbishop did purpose The King
on all parts and the beseeged made diuerse braue sallies vpon the enemies D. Pedro who named himselfe King did desire to succour Tortosa but being with his forces on the way he died by poison as it is reported in the City of Granol D. Pedro of Portugal poysoned fiue miles distant from Barcelona King Iohn being aduertized of the death of his enemy did not dissemble the ioy that he felt not the Barcelonois their griefe and sorrow but those of Tortosa were especially greeued for the hope of succor which they expected from him Tortosa yeelded to King Iohn so as being out of hope of helpe and extreamely beaten euery day they yeelded vpon reasonable termes These things were done in Cattalonia at the same time that the Prince Alphonso was proclaimed King of Castile at Auila Castile and King Henry degraded by the confederate Lords vnto whose seruice and readuancement from sundry parts of the Realme diuers Noble men resorted but Don Garcia Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua de Tormes was he that shewed the greatest loue and affection towards him for he brought to his aide one thousand footmen three hundred men at armes and two hundred light horse or genets he dwelt nere to Salamanca The King sent the Earle of Alua and his troupes to Zamora with Iohn Bernandes Galindo who had commaund of the residew of the army he himselfe with the Queene and the Infanta Isabella went to Ledesma where he was sumptuously entertained and feasted by the Duke of Albuquerque for the space of eight daies from whence hauing assembled three hundred men at armes and two hundred genets they accompanied the King to Zamora The Queene and the Infanta Isabell went into Portugall to request aide of the King whereof there was great need but their labour was in vaine At Zamora daily arriued great numbers of souldiars for the Kings seruice The Earle of Transtamara brought thither two hundred men at armes and two hundred genets the Earle of Valencia a hundred men at armes and two hundred genets others brought more or lesse according to their habilities The King sent three hundred Launces to Segobia to accompany the Lady Ioane his supposed daughter to Zamora where with great pompe hee entred the City vnder a canopy and in a Kingly habit In the meane time the Maister of Calatraua D. Pedro Gyron Maister of Calatraua stirsin Andeluzia against the King stirred vp all Andaluzia for the contrary part and drew some by perswations guifts and promises others by theatnings force and violence Hauing done his best but in vaine to enduce D. Iohn de Valençuela to ioyne himselfe with the confederate Lords he tooke him prisoner and would not release him till he had snatched diuers fortresses from him with the which not being satisfied he tooke from him all the places belonging to the priory of Saint Iohn and gaue them to D. Aluaro de Estuniga third sonne to the Earle of Playsance He dispossessed also the Bishop of Iaen the Kings faithful seruant from all that he held notwithstanding that he vsed his goods and houses boldly and familliarly as his guest The Constable of Castile D. Michael Lucas de Irançu D. Pedro de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and his children the Marshall of Castile D. Diego the Commandor de Estepa D. Martin and Martin Alphonso Lord of Alcaudete did oppose themselues against the Maister of Calatraua The intent of the confederate Lords was to goe and beseege Simancas and being gone from Valiodolit for the same purpose with great store of men and munition by the way they tooke Pegnafleur where whilest they were busied the King caused Iohn Fernandes Galindo to enter into Simancas with three hundred horse and not long after the towne beeing inuested by the enemy it was a hard matter to say whether the beseegers or the beseeged were in most feare In the meane space whilest they lay before that towne The Archbishop of Teledo chiefe of the rebels derided the knauish boies and lackies which were within the same did gather themselues together vpon a day and in derision of the league they made an image representing the Archbishop of Toledo which they named the new D. Opas the Apostata in the daies of Count Iulian who brought the Moores into Spaine against King Rodericke then they made one amongest them a Iudge who sitting in a seate commanded the image should bee imprisoned and afterward he pronounced sentence which was that Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo following the steps of the old Bishop Opas the ruine of Spaine for that he had betraied the King his naturall Lord rebelling against him and detayning his money townes and fortresses which he had committed to him was condemned to be drawne vp and downe the streets and publike places of Simancas a trumpet going before who should proclaime that the King did command this iustice to bee done to the traitor Opas as a recompence due for his treacheries and treasons and that then it should bee burned This sentence being pronounced aloud the image was carried forth of the towne accompanied with more then three hundred boies and lacquaies and burned nere to the confederats army and in their sight The Lords of the league perceiuing that they could not take Simancas did raise their seege and brought their forces backe to Valiodolit The Kings army which was assembled at Toro did daily encrease to the which their ioyned the Earle of Medina Celi with fiue hundred Launces the Marquis of Santillana with seuen hundred D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan with two hundred and a great number of footmen diuers others also came thither so that there were reckoned to be foure score thousand footmen and foureteene thousand horse as well men at armes as light horse who were all of them very desirous to fight and to doe the King good seruice who by the aduice of the Lords and captaines of his army caused the campe to dislodge and to aduance towards the enemies the Earle of Alua de Tormes leading the vantguard and the battaile was conducted by D. Pedro Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra The army marching neere to Tordesillas a captaine of the Vantgarde named Garci Mendes of Badajos disbanding with about two hundred horse met neere to Valiodolit with Iohn Carillo a Knight of the Admiralls leading a band of fifty horse whom he fought with vanquished and tooke Iohn Carillo prisoner beeing grieuously hurt who was brought into a Chappel thereby where hee entreated to speake with the King before he died for he felt himselfe wounded to the death The King at the intreaty of his friends came to visit the prisoner whose end drew neere he craued pardon of the King for bearing armes against him and told him that he was come from Valiodolit the same day by the commandement of those that had power ouer him to finde meanes to kill him and he did moreouer reueale to the King sundry other vilde
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâ—eef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
for a very religious place beeing visited and indowed by diuerse deuout people Wherefore those of Ognate and Mondragon which are the neerest places to it seeing that great numbers of pilgrims came thither they beganne to make the waies plaine and to cut the rocke to make the passage thither more easie Vpon this beginning grounded vpon the simple credulity of a sort of rude people it came to passe that this Image beeing famous and greatly visited certaine of the religious of La Merced were greatly desirous to build a Couent there wherein one of them named Frier Peter of Ariaran did greatly imploy himselfe whose mother was so superstitious as shee dedicated her whole life to the seruice of this Couent but these fathers being kept there a certaine time as well by the almes of the good people of the country thereabouts as also by the bounty of the pilgrims in the end by reason of the extreame cold of the winter and barrennes of the place they grew weary and left it in whose roomes came certaine religious people of the third Order of Saint Francis or Tercerones as they call them who did enlarge the Couent begonne by the Friers of La Merced Friers tranformed to Iacobins who were by the Popes prouided of diuerse pardons and indulgencies for those which should visit it and doe them any good now in the reigne of the Catholike King and Queene Fernand and Isabella vpon the occasion of reforming the religions of Spaine these Friers Tercerons were admonished by this Obseruantines to turne to their rule which is say they the true rule of Saint Francis which they refused and being vrged therevnto by way of Iustice these father 's resolued to giue ouer their first religion and did put on the habit of the Iacobins or Friers Prechers of Saint Dominike then there arose an other strife betwixt the Friers of Saint Francis and the Dominicans about the possession of this Couent the Friers saying that it belonged vnto them and to none others seeing that the brethren of their Order had held it so long a time without contradiction of those of La Merced Therefore they beganne by ordinary and extraordinary meanes to contend about this possession and at the last fell to blowes but the Dominicans being vpheld by the Inhabitants of Ognate the friers withdrew themselues not attempting it any more by such meanes then they beganne their sute about it at Rome whether they sent for their soliciter a frier called Martin Gartbay who vsed such dilligence as the right was iudged to the brethren of his order and the Couent restored to the Obseruant friers So at the returne of friar Martin into Spaine who brought with him the execution of that sentence the Dominicans came forth and left the possession to their aduersaries who at this present doe enioy it and haue greatly augmented it with building and it is said that it is an harbour and retreat for many afflicted people specially of Marriners who come thither to pay their vowes to the great commodity of the friers these exercizes of religion are greatly vsed in Spain but in the yeere 1552. vpon the sixth of December the whole Cloister with the lodgings and other buildings were burnt downe to the ground by casualty but the fire touched not the Church which they account for a great miracle This yeere 1469. died Don Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Earle of Haro who was reputed to bee a Knight that led the most Christian life of any other of his time Religious deeds of Pedro Fernandes de Velasco Earle of Haro in testimony whereof the Spaniards write that hee did build the Monastery of Pomar where hee made three of his daughters Nunnes with an hospitall where twelue Gentlemen falne into pouerty should be honorably entertained and a Chappell for the buriall of him and his liuing afterward very retiredly in Medina de Pomar eschewing the daungers and troubles of this world these religious workes are practized in Spaine by the great Lords that are rich when they are become old and haue many children Now his sonne Don Pedro of Velasco oftentimes named in this History succeeded in the Earledome But returning to the History of King Henry who beeing come to Segobia the absence of the Maister of Saint Iames who was extreamely sicke of a quartan feuer did greatly trouble him for without him hee could doe nothing therefore it was thought fit that for their better conferring together the King should come to Madrid whether the Maister beeing very weake was brought the King and the whole Court going forth to meet him not without the wonder of diuerse which thought it a strange matter to see this Prince so much to abase himselfe to Iohn de Pacheco who notwithstanding that hee was sicke yet all matters passed thorough his hands and nothing was concluded on without him About the same time died Don Lewis de la Cerde who had held Escalona all the time of the troubles and appointed at his death that his people should yeeld it vp to the King the Maister of Saint Iames demaunded this place and obtained it and because the souldiars of the deceassed did say that they would not deliuer it to any other but to the King himselfe Contempt of Iustice in these daies in Castile hee came thether in person and receiued the towne and gaue it forthwith to the maister of Saint Iames so as all that which had beene taken from Aluar de Luna Maister of Saint Iames fell to this man In these daies the great Lords of Spaine grew so licentious as he which was strongest would right himselfe the King nor his lawes beeing in no sort feared nor reuerenced There was a quarrell betwixt the Earles of Benauent Quarrels betwixt the Earles of Benâ—uent and Lemos Lemos and the Vicont of Vaçan about the towne of Matilla possessed by the Earle of Lemos the Earle of Luna laboured to reconcile them and to bring them to talke togither but he of Benauent came thither so well accompanied as hee tooke the Vicount prisoner and sent him away to Benauent then he tooke the towne of Matilla by force and restored to Garcia of Toledo Bishop of Astorga certaine places which had beene vsurped vpon him The sort of Canales was likewise taken from the Archbishop of Toledo by a captaine called Peter Bermudes of the Kings party Canales taken from the Archbishop of Toledo who was nothing sorry therefore In Biscay and Guipuscoa the factions of Gamboinnes and Ognazines grew outragious the chiefe heads whereof were Peter Abendagno and Iohn Alphonso of Murica whereof followed so many murthers Factions in Biscay rapes and other cruell and wicked acts as the King at the request of them of the country sent D. Pedro of Velasco the new Earle of Haro thither with power and authority to finde out and punish the offenders and to reduce those two Prouinces into a quiet and peaceable Estate The Earle vpon due
into the Cittie riding vppon a white Courser by Saint Anthonies gate of the same cittie which hee sound vnprouided of all manner of victuals wherewith he caused them presently to bee furnished so as without the aboue-named defeate necessity would haue enforced them to haue yeelded By this peace which happened so opportunely the miseries of Cattalonia were ended which had troubled the whole State of Arragon for the space of tenne yeares He which shewed most prowesse and performed the notablest exploites in this warre was Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa hermosa a Prince worthie of great prayse and high commendation who dyed afterwards in the seruice of his brother King Fernand raigning in Castile D. Alphonso of Arragon his posteritie at a place called Linares leauing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon heire to his Dutchie of Villa hermosa who was Knight of the Order of Saint Iames and a Daughter called Donna Maria of Arragon who was maaried to the Prince of Salerne Hee had out of wedlocke Don Iohn of Arragon Earle of Luna Captaine of the Castle of Amposta Don Alphonso of Arragon who was Bishop of Tortosa and afterward Arch-bishoppe of Tarragone Don Fernand of Arragon Prior of Saint Iohns of Cattalonia together with Donna Leonora of Arragon wife to the Earle of Albayda This peace was no sooner concluded but the King had newes of a new rumult raised in Nauarre Nauarre whereinto the Princesse his daughter voluntarily had runne herselfe with great danger and many of her seruants lost their liues It happened after this manner Iohn d' Athondo the Kings Auditour of his accounts and Cittizen of Pampelona with Michaell Ollacarizqueta and others of the same cittie seruants to the King and the Princesse and of the Faction of Grammont did vndertake in hatred and disgrace of the contrarie partie of Beaumont who possessed the Cittie of Pampelona to bring the Princesse Donna Leonora into the same Practises of D. Leonora Couatesse of Foix. with troupes of souldiers and to make her peaceable and absolute Ladie thereof they hauing then communicated together about their plot it was thought fit that the Princesse should come in a morning before day to the Iewes gate otherwise called the Tower of the royall gate and the Marshall Don Pedro of Nauarre should make himselfe Master of the two next towers The appoynted time beeing come the Princesse with her attendants found the gate opened by those of Grammont Rashnesse of D. Leonora through the which beeing brought in the Marshall possessed the two Towers with three-score and tenne Gentlemen and on a suddaine they beganne to crie God saue the Princesse God sane the Princesse at this rumour those of Beaumont albeit they were amazed at so vnlooked-for an accident happening in the night ranne to armes and behaued themselues in such sort as they not onely hindred their enemies from further entring into the cittie but enforced the Princesse and her people to get them thence in great hast for the most part of the souldiers which should haue followed her were not yet arriued Hauing recouered the gate they beseeged the Marshall Don Pedro and his souldiers which were in the two towers who at the first would not yeeld but in the end when they sawe the Cannon was readie to play vppon them they were content to parley The Princesse fearing least some euill might happen to the Marshall and those that were beseeged with him sent word to the Cittizens that what was done was by her speciall commaundement and therefore intreated them to do them no hurt At the last they yeelded vppon promise made that they should all depart with their Armes without any harme either in word or deed which notwithstanding they were all taken and shut vp in the Kings prisons of the cittie The Marshall with his followers slayne where soone after they were cruelly and perfidiously stabd to death with daggers and it is reported that the Marshall was slaine by the hands of Philip of Beaumont brother to the Earle of Lerin This act did very much displease the Princesse who commaunded that the same gate should euer after be called the gate of treason or the traytors gate and in some sort to reuenge that wrong they proceeded against the Earle of Lerin and against Don Iohn of Beaumont Prior of Saint Iohns and Chancellor of the Kingdome and against Don Philip and their breethren and Don Iohn Earle of Luza Charles of Artieda and his children Arnold d' Otza the Prouosts and Iurates of Pampelona with others their allyes and complices who by the iudgement and authoritie of the King and his Councell were condemned to death depriuation of honours defamation of their houses and confiscation of their goods as guiltie of high treason The Records of those times taxe the Earle of Lerin saying that hee to the end hee might the better enioy the cittie had driuen thence the Kings and Princesses seruants and had established therein Officers and souldiers such as were at his deuotion contrary to their authoritie whose iurisdiction hee did vsurpe vexing and tyrannizing the Kingdome That by the fauour and ayde of the Earle the Guipuscoans had ouerthrowne the forts of Larraun Lecunberry Leyça and Gorriti and that hee beeing sundrie times sent for by the Princesse to come to the Parliament and Assembly of the Estates of the Kingdome would neuer obey her commaundement That the Earle of Foix hauing sent his children Iohn and Peter of Foix both in his owne name and the Princesse to perswade him to returne to his due obedience hee did reiect their admonishments and derided Pope Pauls commandement in that behalfe the which things full of contumacie and contempt had induced the Princesse to make that attempt Others thinke that her owne extreame ambition and desire to beare rule did more mooue her than any of the Earles misdemeanours which were not lightly to bee esteemed On the other side the Earle of Lerin and his Faction did arraigne and condemne others of their aduerse partie and as for the Marshals death hee excused himselfe saying that he came to seeke him and had done his best to surprise the Cittie and to cut the throates of those of Beaumont who were in the same yet for all that this could not excuse his breach of promise The King afterward recompenced Iohn d' Athondo with a perpetuall rent to him and his heires of sixe-score golden Florens by the yere of the coyne of Arragon and besides that did permit him to beare in a quarter of his coate the royall of Armes of Nauarre To Michael Ollacarizqueta was likewise giuen other rewards This sedition happened in Pampelona about the end of the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty one Concerning the affaires of Castile Castile about the time that Toledo and other Citties of the Kingdome did reuolt the which wee lately mentioned Donna Maria of Portocarrero wife to Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena and Master of Saint
new elected Cardinall to Segobia to take out of the Castle such summes as hee appointed but the Captaine Andrew de Cabrera delayed them many dayes saying that hee would cause the money to bee told out but yet they did it not for indeed hee was seruant to the Princes and wholy contrary to the Kings will as concerning Donna Ioanes marriage and besides that hee would haue nothing to doe with the Maister whom hee deadly hated fearing that all that hee went about tended to no other end but to dispossesse him of his Gouernment In the meane time the Earle of Benauent who was coosin Germaine to to Don Henry perceiuing that chiefly by the practises of the Maister the mariage was delayed and incensed with an old hatred against him about the Maistership of Saint Iames had bitter words with him telling him that hee should better haue considered of matters and not to haue procured the Infant Don Henry to haue come into Spaine in a manner to deride him and vnder colour of lyes to abuse the King the Realme and the great Lords with many other bitter words which the Maister endured with patience The death of Don Alphonso of Fonseca Archbishoppe of Siuill did promote Pero Goncales of Mendoça Bishop of Siguença to that dignity vnto whom almost at the same time that his Bulls were dispatcht from Rome was the Cardinals Hatte presented And the King beeing solicited to prouide for the troubles and miseries of his kingdome hee did the same yeare one thousand foure hundered seuenty and three call the Estates to Saint Mary de Nieua whether came the Deputies of the Communalties and citties of Castile and Regions annexed to the same There were sundry exactions abolished which had beene leuied vppon the poore people by the Kings officers Taxes leuied by vsurpation vpon the poore people abolished and by subalterne Lords following his example as paiments for the Portes bridges taxes watching and warding and other such like impositions leuied without any lawfull cause vpon wayfaring men passengers and the inhabitants of places There was also granted to the King a certaine Subsidie of money At this parlament the Infant Don Henry and his mother Donna Beatrice Pimentell were present And then the Maister of Saint Iames bethinking himselfe of another pollicy by meanes whereof hee might get the citty of Segobia into his hands hee counselled the King to remooue the assembly of the estates to Segobia where more commodiously the affaires of the kingdome might bee managed The Maister of S. Iames his couetousnesse cut short and Donna Ioanes marriage concluded vpon the which assembly should bee there in safety vnder the faith and safeguard of the Marquis of Santillana whom hee perswaded to demand for the same purpose the Keyes of the gates of Saint Iohn and Saint Martin of the same citty of Andrew de Cabrera but Cabrera perceiuing very well wherevnto it tended and beeing resolued couragiouslie to oppose himselfe against the Maister of Saint Iames found many probable excuses and delayed the matter till some other determination was taken wherein hee was supported and fauoured by the new Archbishop of Siuill and Cardinall of Spaine who had secretly vnited himselfe to the Princes and was wholy against Donna Ioane In this manner the Maister was disappointed of his purposes to his great greefe who in like manner sought to surprise the castle of Toledo and raised such a tumult there as the King was faine to goe thither in person to appease it Impunity the nurse of all disorders but hee caused no enquirie to bee made for the ringleaders to that mischiefe to punish them according to their deserts by reason wherof euery man almost committed what mischiefe hee pleased without any feare of the lawes Whilest the king remained at Toledo the Marquis of Villena sonne to the Maister of Saint Iames came to doe him reuerence whom hee receiued with extraordinary kindnesse the Maister beeing then at Pignafiell with his wife the Dutchesse of Escalona And when the King returned to Segobia the Marquis of Villena followed him but he lodged without the city at the Monastery of Parrall because of the quarrels betwixt his father and Andrew de Cabrera the King went often to heare masse at this Monastery and to visit the Marquis As these matters passed the Princesse D. Isabella hauing intelligence with the Inhabitants of Aranda de Duero tooke that place which belonged to the Queene whereat the King merueilously storming Andrew de Cabrera put him in minde of the great tirannies of the Maister of Saint Iames and of his insatiable couetousnesse in getting of townes and cities and how hee had continually without any respect hurried and tired his royall person as hee himselfe very well knew and therefore hee perswaded him to be pleased that the Princesse his sister might safely come to the castle of Segobia where they might see one an other and conferre together which could not choose but bee exceeding profitable for the Kingdome and for all good men The King who was tender hearted and easie to bee carried away was pleased therewith and after that hee had heard the opinion of the Cardinall of Spaine and of the Earle of Benauent hee was more desirous of it and Donna Beatrice of Bouadilla wife to Andrew of Cabrera disguised in the habit of a country-man and riding vpon an asse went her selfe to Aranda to cause the Princesse to come to the castle of Segobia who beeing accompanied with the Archbishop of Toledo Enterview of King Henry and the Princesse Isabella his sister and others came thither and entred the castle in a morning before day where she was courteously entertained Her comming was on the sodaine the King beeing absent at that time from Segobia hunting in the forrest of Balsain who was hastned by Cabrera who did greatly suspect the stay of the Marquis of Villena at the Monastery of Parrall fearing that hee remained there to make some practise vpon him Now as soone as the Marquis of Villena knew that the Princesse was come to the castle of Segobia he dislodged in all hast and neuer left galloping till he was arriued at Aillon fearing to be taken The Earle of Benauent and Cabrera rode forthwith to the forrest to giue the King notice that his sister was come who returned to Segobia and after that hee had dined he came to the castle to see the Princesse to whom he vsed all signes of loue and friendship and sitting downe one neere to an other they talked a long while togither and at last the King tooke his leaue of her with many curteous ceremonies seeming to bee highly pleased The Maister of Saint Iames hauing intelligence of all these matters thought to prouide for his owne safety whatsoeuer should happen and therefore hee went to Cuellar to talke with D. Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque whether at his intreaty came the new Constable Don Pedro de Velasco Earle of Haro his father in
law and there they made a league and confederacy together afterward they began to sollicite the King to put the Princesse his sister forth of Segobia wherevnto being bewitched by the Maister hee consented but his councell therein was diuided The Princesse the better to order her affaires was of opinion to cause the Prince her husband to come to the castle of Segobia thinking by his presence the King would be sooner brought to reason Prince Fernand comes to Segobia and all matters concluded with more facility The Prince beeing come the King saw him and receiued him with a cheerefull countenance and they rode togither on horse-backe thorough the city to the great contentment of the people and likewise of the Courtiers though not of all The great Maister Andrew de Cabrera made them a Royall banquet in the Bishops house Priuiledge of the Earles of Ribadeo at which the Earle of Ribadeo by priuiledge from his ancestors did eate at the King and the Princes table The feast being ended with store of musike and other delights the King grew sicke and complained of his side and was carried into his lodging where after a while hee recouered but not without hauing certaine relicks of rheume fluxes of bloud by vrine with vomitings and other such like mortall accidents The Princes did hourely visit him and caused others to solicite him to declare the Princesse his sister heire to the Kingdomes wherevpon there passed diuerse strang and bitter words betwixt those which mannaged this businesse on either side but nothing being concluded the Princesse resolued not to leaue Segobia The Maister of Saint Iames was aduertized of all that passed by the King himselfe who went about on a night to put certaine companies of souldiars into the city who should seize vpon certaine Towres Churches and Houses to the end to giue entrance to him and other greater troupes with which forces he would take the Princes and Andrew de Cabrera prisoners The Maister had as bad successe in this plot as in the former for God who had predestinated the Princes Fernand and Isabella to reigne in Spaine suffered this practize to be discouered by meanes whereof the daunger was preuented the Princesse stood vpon her gard and the Prince retired himself in time and went into Arragon whether he was called by warres and troubles which there happened King Iohn of Arragon his father was in his old age oppressed with crosses as well in Nauarre Nauarre and Arragon by the seditions of his subiects as on the frontiers of France and County of Rossillon In Nauarre soone after that the Princesse Donna Leonora failed in her enterprise of taking Pampelona Death of Gaston de Foix. her husband the Earle Gaston of Foix returning out of France into Nauarre fell sicke and died at a place called Roncevaux in the yeere 1472. leauing heire of his Lands and Lordships of Bearn and Foix his sonnes sonne Francis Phaebus a child of the age of fiue yeeres who remayning vnder the gouernment of his mother Donna Magdalen of France and of the Princesse Donna Leonora his grand-mother was likewise after her death heire to the Kingdome of Nauarre Donna Leonoraes titles were then Titles of D. Leonor of Nauar Princesse heire of Nauarre Infanta of Arragon and Sicill and Lieutenant Generall for the King her Lord and father in the said Kingdome of Nauarre After the decease of Gaston Earle of Foix this Princesse making her aboade in the city of Tafalla called there a Parliament to the which the great Lords came and especially the chiefe of the faction of Grammont and Beaumont who inflamed with enuy were still desirous to ruine one an other It happened as it is easie amongst those that are of troblesome and enuious dispositions that diuerse bitter speeches passed betwixt the Earle of Lerin and the Constable of Nauarre Pedro de Peralta which caused great contention into the which quarrell Nicholas de Echauarri Bishop of Pampelona did so farre enter as the Constable thinking himselfe greatly iniured by him threatned him that it should cost him his life This Bishop was suspected to bee more familliar with the Princesse Donna Leonora then honesty required Suspition of loue betwixt the Princesse D. Leonora and the Bishop of Pampelâ—na which caused him to be hated of diuerse men who were iealous of their Princesse honour taking it more heinously at his hands who was a prelat and ought to giue good example then if it had beene any other The Bishop after this threatning beeing fearefull would by no meanes come forth of his house The Princesse either desirous to pacifie this quarrell or else not able to endure him long out of her sight sent diuerse messengers to him to bring him vnto her to the Monastery of Saint Sebastian of the Order of Saint Francis at Tafalla where shee accomplished a nine daies vowes which shee had made for shee vsed great deuotion to those fathers and bestowed many benifits vpon them but the Bishop still fearing to bee met with by the way prayed her for to excuse him At the last shee sent vnto him one of her familliar friends called Fernand de Baquedan with an other Knight named Sir Hughe The Bishop of Pampelonâ— slaine by the Constable who promised to conduct him safely thether wherevpon hee mounted on his Mule and rode in their company towards Tafalla whereof the Constable beeing aduertized hee was so farre transported with rage as leaping on horse-backe hee met with the Bishop on the way and slew him hard by the gates of Tafalla not respecting or regarding the Princesses word nor yet his Episcopall dignity for the which inhumane fact he remained diuerse monthes together excommunicate This mans death did greatly offend diuerse both in Nauarre and in King Iohn of Arragons Court but especially the Princesse Don Alphonso Carillo a Spaniard was promoted to that dignity in his sted being in number the fortith Bishop of that Sea On the other side King Iohn beeing then threescore and tenne yeeres of age was ingaged in a tedious quarrell with the French vpon this occasion The Earledome of Rossillan was ingaged vnto King Lewis the eleuenth for the summe of three hundred thousand crownes who kept therein Gouernors and Officers which did oppresse the people and committed diuerse insupportable outrages where the inhabitants daily complained The Earledome of Rossillou originaâ—l of all the wars betwixt France and Spaine in our daies requesting their King to protect them wherewith the Frenchmen were displeased in regard whereof King Lewis sent Ambassadors to King Iohn who sommoned him to make paiment of the three hundred thousand crownes and to receiue his Earledome or else to appropriat it vnto him for the same summe or if hee were not pleased with these two motions that then hee should giue him suerties in France for the payment of the money at a certaine time This did greatly trouble King Iohn neuerthelesse with great modesty hee made answere
of Saint Iames who remained at Santa Cruz de la Sierra delt in such sort as captaine Gratian of Sese deliuered him the fort of Trugillo being recompenced with the Lordship of Saint Helice de los Gallegos where shortly after he was cruelly murthered and stoned to death by his owne tenants About the same time the Maister of Saint Iames D. Iohn de Pacheco fell sicke of an Impostume in his throate which caused him to voide great quantity of putrified bloud at his mouth which in the end strangled him Death of D. Iohn de 〈◊〉 Maister of Sainâ— Iames. he died in the threescore and fourth yeere of his age hauing more credit and authority in Spaine then any Lord in his time his death was kept secret by his seruants vntill the fort of Trugillo was yeelded vp which was forthwith done and then it was openly declared to all men his body was carried to Parrall neere Segobia a Monastery of Saint Ierosme founded by King Henry then reigning for his place of buriall and the Maister was buried in the chiefe chappell with great pompe and sollemnity Great was the Kings sorrow for the Maisters death to whose sonne and heire Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena he did not only confirme the guifts of the townes cities and castles granted to his father but bestowed likewise vpon him the Maistership of Saint Iames and sent a messenger to the Pope to obtaine the confirmation thereof not respecting the Knights of the same Order who began to murmur and strongly to oppose themselues against it and they did not onely bandy themselues against the Marquis of Villena who was not chosen according to the rules of the Order but they likewise fell at variance amongst themselues for D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes Commander of Segura said that the election of the new Maister ought to be made in the Couent of Vcles according to the ancient custome On the other side D. Alphonso de Cardegna great Commander of Leon affirmed that it stood with great reason that the election should be made in Saint Marks of Leon in regard the deceased Maister died in the confines of Leon wherefore each of them standing firme in their allegations and hauing their factions and 〈◊〉 those two were chosen and saluted for Maisters in such sort as the Order of Saint Iames had at that time three heads like vnto Câ—rberâ—s the three headed â—ogge 〈◊〉 The Marquis of Villena besides the Kings fauour did hope that the Earle of 〈…〉 Commander of Castile would take his part and because he had the keeping of Donna 〈◊〉 the Kings supposed daughter it made the King more bound vnto him and in 〈◊〉 deed by reason thereof the King did groatly aduance him the which gained diuers seruants to the Princesse Donna Isabella who were iealous to see his sonne who had done them so much mischiefe in so great credit and authority The Cardinall of Spaine hauing beene a certaine time at Segobia with the Princesse came backe to Madrid to the King with the Constable Don Pedro 〈◊〉 Velafco who ioyntly spake to the King with the great boldnesse â—ouching the succession of the Kingdome beseeching him to take in good part that which they should say vnto him vpon their consciences King Henry takes no care for the succâ—ssion of his Kingdome which was that he ought to maintaine the Princesse Isabels right because he knew better then any that this Donna Ioane was not his daughter and they requested him in the name of God not to be the cause of so great miseries which would oppresse his Kingdome after his decease if hee should dissemble in that behalfe but to speake the truth for his peoples sake in declaring his sister the Princesse his true and lawfull heire wherevnto the King without any trouble made answere that Order should be taken for them both neuerthelesse hee delaied all hee could from medling in that businesse In the meane space the Marquis of Villena who promised to him selfe the Maister-ship of Saint Iames thinking to practize with the Knights of Castile and chiefly with the Earle of Osorno the great Commander came to Villarejo in which place the enterview of him and the Earle was agreed vpon The Maâ—quiâ— of Villenâ— taken prisoner by his competitor but the Earle feigning himselfe sicke sent thither his wife well accompanied with men at armes by whom the Marquis at his lighting from his horse was seized vpon and carried away prisoner into the castle of Fuente Duegna The King being aduertized hereof did presently take horse notwithstanding he was very sicke and came to the Earle of Osorno who shewed himselfe sterne and obstinate without respect or reuerence wherefore the King returned highly displeased to Madrid By the way he met with the Archbishop of Toledo at Villa Verde who offered him his seruice and therevpon to please him hee beseeged out of hand the castle of Fuente Duegna whether the King likewise came in person The seege lasting long Lopes Vasques de Acugna brother to the Archbishop making shew of ending this strife as a friend found meanes to bring the Countesse of Osorno to a parley who comming abroade with a sonne of hers was deceiued in the same manner as she had beguiled the Marquis and the mother and the sonne were brought prisoners into the castle of Hueta This pollicy did highly please the King and the Archbishop The Countesse of Osorno and her sonne taken the Marquis of Vâ—llena set at 〈◊〉 and was the cause that the Marquis was deliuered the Cardinall and the Constable made an end of the matter and the prisoners were set at liberty on either side the Archbishop of Toledo returned to Alcala and the King beeing much afflicted and weake to Madrid where Catarres vomitings and other mortall accidents brought him to his last houre The physitions hauing told the Cardinall of Spaine the Constable the Marquis of Villena the Earle of Benauent and other Lords of his Councel there present that his sicknesse was mortall they caused Frier Peter Maçuelo prior of Saint Ierosme of Madrid his confessor to put him in minde of matters belonging to his soules health and the peace of his Kingdome Hee had long discourse with the prior in confession then hee made his will appointing the Cardinall the Duke de Areualo the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Benauent for his executors and hee commaunded that his seruants should bee paide and well recompenced with his treasure and iewells and declared Donna Ioane to bee his lawfull daughter and true heire to his Kingdomes the which will was written by Iohn de Ouiedo one of his secretaries neuerthelesse diuers authors affirme that he made no will and say that as he was in the agony of death those that were present asked him whom he would declare to be his heire to whom hee made none other answere but that Iohn Gonçall his Chaplaine knew his minde therein vnto whom he
souldiers found smal resistance in this latter roade Seditions betwixt the father and sonne in regard the Mores were greatly diuided among themselues by meanes whereof King Muley Alboacen was dispossessed and driuen away for hee was much feared and hated because of his tyrannies which extended chiefly to the Nobilitie and he had namely euill intreated the family of Abencaraxes one of the most illustrious houses among the Granadins These men with their complices and allyes constrayned Muley Alboacen to giue place and they deliuered the cittie with the Alhambra or fort thereof to his sonne Mahomet Boabdellin surnamed the Little who was fled to Guadix for feare of beeing slaine by his father who was carried away with vnreasonable amorous passions and false suggestions of a second wife a renied Christian whom hee had married for her rare and excellent beautie in regard whereof she was called Zoraya which signifieth Morning-starre This woman beeing desirous to aduance her children which shee had by the King did indeauour by all meanes to roote out those which hee had begotten on the Queene Aixa his wife a Ladie of a great and illustrious house and his neere kinswoman who because she would not see her eldest sonne murthered which was this Boabdellin she caused him on a night to be let downe out of the window of the castle with the helpe of her woman by a rope made of their vailes and night tyres and thereby gaue him meanes to saue himselfe in the cittie of Guadix where the Abenceraxes his kinsmen who were of great power there did kindly receiue him and dealt in such sort with their friends of the citty of Granado as they acknowledged him for their king The father hauing retired himselfe somewhere else made fierce and sharpe warre vpon his sonne which caused the losse of their Crowne and totall ruine to the raigne of the Moores in Spaine Albeit that those barbarous people were at such dissention among themselues The Moores take Cagnette yet when there was any cause they wold agree together to annoy the Christians so as they tooke the towne of Cagnette spoyled it and carried away all the inhabitants and souldiers for slaues and afterwards razed it downe to the ground These things were done in the yeare 1482. wherein is to be noted that foure seuerall Christian armies entred in a few moneths space into the kingdome of Granado An. 1482. King Fernand and Queene Izabella appointed Captaines for the frontiers namely for Iaen Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno who was newly made Duke of Nagera the Master of Saint Iames for Eccia and Don Iohn de Silua Earle of Cifuentes for Siuill the assistant Diego Merlo beeing lately dead â—onna Mary borne Towards the end of the yeare the Queene in the cittie of Cordoua was deliuered of a daughter called the Infanta Maria who was afterward Queene of Portugall and after she was churched the Court remooued to Madrid The beginning of the yeare 1483. was sorrowfull to the Nauarrois Nauarre by reason of the death of their king Francis Phoebus whome the Princesse his mother had carried backe into France to auoyde the importunate solliciting of marriages which they would haue procured in Spaine both for him and his sister Donna Catherina wherewith King Lewis the eleuenth was not contented hee dyed not without suspition of poyson for without any apparance at all of sicknesse Francis Phoebus poysoned he felt himselfe to be stricken with a deadly pricking as he was playing vppon a flute which was presented vnto him in which and all other instruments of musicke he did greatly delight Beeing neere to his end hee repeated these words taken out of the Gospell My kingdome is not of this world therefore I leaue the world trouble not your selues for I go to the Father He dyed in Bearne in the castle of Paâ— the fourth yeare of his raigne if we reckon from his grand-mothers death Queene Leonora being but fifteene yeares of age fully compleat hee lyes buried at Lescar in the Cathedrall Church of S. Mary King Fernand and Queene Izabella receiued newes of his death at Madrid Castile where they had called a Parlament and because the Crowne of Nauarre descended to the Infanta Donna Catherine sister to the deceased king they sent the Licenciate Rodrigo Maldonado of Talauera one of their Councell Ambassador into Bearne to the Princesse Magdalen her mother to demaund the Infanta in marriage for the Prince Don Iohn their sonne The mother Princesse notwithstanding that shee would willingly haue condescended thereunto made answer that shee could not bestow her without the consent of his brother the French king Vppon this answer the Catholike kings sent Iohn de Ribera with troupes of men at armes towards the frontiers of Nauarre to haue intelligence with the Earle of Lerin who had married King Fernandes bastard sister to the end to hinder the French-men from enterprising any thing and from entring into that kingdome The Estates assembled at Madrid granted a subsidie to the King towards the warre of Granado and besides that the Pope permitted them to leauie one hundred thousand Crownes vpon the Clergie of Spayne and sent them a Croizado to gather contributions and gifts for the same purpose and in this Parlament the power authoritie and iurisdiction of the Hermandades and vnions of the Communalties was ordered and reformed Afterwards the Kings diuided the affaires betwixt them that they might the better prouide for all matters shee remayned in Castile and he prepared himselfe to returne into Andalusia but the troubles which were raised in Gallicia by the meanes of D. Pero Aluares Osorio Earle of Lemos did call him into those parts The Earle dyed there before the Kings arriuall Sedition in Gallicia and by that meanes saued the King a labour who otherwise would haue had him arraigned by order of lawe Another contention arose betwixt a bastard sonne of the late Earles called Rodrigo Osorio whome his father had appointed heire in the Earledome of Lemos to the preiudice of his lawfull daughter who was married to the Earle of Benauents sonne she sayd that in regard Rodrigo was a bastard he was incapable to inherite he on the contrarie alleaged his legitimation by the Pope the king imposed silence and peace to both parties and referred the cause to his Councell to bee ordered according to iustice and in the meane time did commit the towne of Ponferrada and the Lordship thereof beeing a parcell of the litigious inheritance to the keeping of his Vncle Don Henry Henriques great Master excepting one strong hold of the same Lordshippe which he gaue in keeping to Don George d'Abendagno his countri-man and a Knight of the Kings house These matters thus ordered the king returned to Madrid from whence he dispatched Ambassadours to procure the peace of Italy which flamed with intestine warres the Pope and the Venetians hauing ioyned to the preiudice of King Fernand of Naples and the Florentines
horse and as many chosen foote-men King Fernand promiseth the Moores liberty of their conscience Those of Alozagra yeelded vpon condition they might bee mayntayned in their consciences and religon the which the King graunted then they beseeged the towne of Caçaranouelle where the Moores made incredible resistance killing in diuers skirmishes greate numbers of Christians as namely Don Guttires de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar a young Noble-man of foure and twenty yeares of age hardy and valiant who was shot throw the body with a poysoned arrow for whose death the king and the whole army were very sorry because these braueries of the Moores did make them become obstinate and encouraged others which would haue yeelded to make resistance The Army A couragious woman and constant in her enterprises with this losse without performing any other exploit then burning the country did returne backe to Antiqera where the King receaued letters from the Queene his wife which caused the whole army to blush for shame for shee let them vnderstand how that so goodly an army ought not to liue vnprofitably nor returne without doing some notable exployt wherefore being incourraged by a woman they retired againe into the enemies country and spoyled it euen to the mountaine called Sierra Neuada the King beeing lodged with a great body of an army within halfe a mile of the Citty of Granada to oppose him-selfe against the sallies which they of the towne might make vpon those that did forrage the Duke of medina and the Earle of Cabra being in an other place where as much as in them lay they spoyled the country and made it vnfit to beare frute the sooner therby to starue them The Queene had laden 5000. beasts of carriage with victualls which by the helpe of this army entred into Alhama where the King left Don Guttiere de Padilla gouernour who was nephew to Don Garcia Lopes de Padilla Maister of Calatraua in regard the Maister had promised to defend that place with the forces of his iurisdiction After-wards the army returned to Cordoua where the Queene being demaunded if shee were pleased with what they had donne shee answered that it was not fit they should spend the rest of the yeare in idlenesse where-vpon the King returned and marched against Septenil which for three daies space was batered and afterwards the Moores yeelded it vpon composition that they might depart with their liues goods and liberty the place was committed to the keeping of D. Francisco Henriques from thence the army went to ruine the country of Ronde and because winter did draw neere it did attempt nothing else and was brought backe to Siuill whether the Queene came The garrisons of Alhama Alora and Septenill were commanded by the King and Queene to aide King Mahomet the little with all their power against Muley Albohacen his father Portugal King Iohn a greâ—te iusticer namely against the nobillity with other of his qualities Wee will here for a while lay by the affaires of Castile and Arragon and speake of Portugall and of the raigne of Iohn the 2. who succeeded Alphonso 1481. beeing sixe and twenty yeares of age This Prince was a great Iusticer and it may be ouer rigorous in the execution thereof especially against the Nobilitie and great Lords of his kingdome whome he did punish and reclaymed from many oppressions which his father had tolerated this caused him to be hated and gaue cause vnto some who were very neere vnto him in bloud to practise against his life and state He was of a quicke and sharpe iudgement and of an excellent memorie he could discourse eloquently of all matters and would haue those that did talke with him to consider how and what to speake and he would ordinarily say that it was impossible but that Kings should be wise men because euery one that spake to them whether they were foolish or wise did striue to speake well and wisely He shewed great wisedome in all his actions not suffering himselfe to be carried away by Court-flatterers and if hee did fauour any one Mediocâ—itie is to be obserued in the aduancement of Princes seruants hee would aduance him but to a certaine meane and no further giuing authoritie to no man more than was needfull hee was a louer of good councell very true firme and constant in whatsoeuer he graunted or denyed liberall aswell to strangers as to his owne seruants he was religious according to those times and charitable towards the poore for whose ease and comfort hee builded the royall Hospitall of Lisborne in the honour of all Saints he shewed himselfe very obedient towards his father and had the good hap Discouery of Manicongo to haue the kingdome of Manicongo discouered in his raigne at which time with great care and diligence the nauigation for spices did beginne for which things hee was surnamed the Great When hee beganne to raigne hee was already father to the Infant Don Alphonso begotten on Queene Elenor daughter to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo his Vncle and to the Infanta Donna Beatrix shee who had procured the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall Genealogie of Portugal the Infant was seauen yeares old when his father came to the Crowne who the yeare 1481. had a sonne by a Mistris of his called Donna Anne de Mendoza whose name was George Master of Saint Iames and Auis Duke of Coimbra Lord of Auero and Montemajor the old who was brought vp openly as the Kings sonne by his Aunt the Infanta Donna Ioane a Nunne in the Monasterie of Iesus d'Auero hee was father to Don Iohn Duke of Auero a worthie Prince in our age This King Iohn of whome wee speake was the first King of Portugall that entitled himselfe Lord of Guiney the nauigation into which countrey hee mayntained and continued and builded the Cittie and Castle of Saint George the fort of Tanger and others Hee called a Parlament in the Cittie of Ebora there to receiue the oath of fealtie and homage due to the Kings his progenitors at the same time it happened that Don Fernand Duke of Bragança beeing at his house of Villa-viciosa did search for certaine records and titles of lands with other letters of priuiledge to haue them renewed and confirmed by the new king his Secretarie whome hee employed in this businesse found certaine letters of intelligence and practise in a chest betwixt the Duke his master and the King and Queene of Castile contrarie to his allegeance to King Iohn Wherefore this Secretarie The Duke of Braganzaes practises discouered by his Secretarie whose name was Lope de Figueredo beeing mooued either with zeale towards his Prince or with hope of some good reward did embezil those writings and gaue them to the King who hauing copied them re-deliuered the originall to Figuereda who layd them among the rest of the papers which hee had found his Lord not perceyuing it the Duke neuerthelesse was still fauoured and welcommed by the
yeeld to their mercy Those of the towne hauing vnderstood the Kings resolution by their deputies did say that in regarde they went about to take away the liberty of their persons they were resolued to hang fiue hundred Christian prisoners on the walls and then to come forth euery man with his sword in hand and to dye fighting the King sent them word that if they did put one Christian to death hee would without any mercy put them all to the edge of the sword Those of Malaga once againe sent foureteene Moores of euery quarter of their Citty to the Campe who brought with them a writing which they shewed for an example of the deceased Kings of Castiles clemencie vsed to the subiugated Moores and with great humillity they begged for mercy Diuers of the Lords and Captaines were of opinion to put all that raskally obstinate nation to death who were enemies to the name of a Christian but the Queenes more iust and Christian-like opinion was followed which was to saue all their liues Then the King wrote back to them that their liues were onely granted and no more whereat the Moores being much astonied were at strife amongst themselues some beeing of opinion to make a desperate sally vpon the Christians with their weapons and to set fire on the Citty and all the wealth thereof following the examples of certaine townes of Spaine in antient times but they who thought it better to become slaues did preuaile Thus was the Citty of Malaga yeelded The Citty of Malaga yeelded the great Commander of Leon entring first into it with his troopes in armes by meanes of hostages who seazed vpon the Citty towers and Fortes thereof and hauing disarmed the Moores of all their weapons and munition all people of both sexes and of all ages were assembled in the two base Courts of the Castle of Alcaçauo where most lamentable cryes of Morish men and women were heard lamenting their liberty and goodly Citty lost with their Fortes Towers and Castles which could not defend her Cittizens liues nor giue them buriall after their death Among the multitude twelue renegades Christians were found who serued as spyes for the Moores who were stricken thorow with Darts and so slaine the Christian prisoners were deliuered and sent home to their houses fauoured and rewarded by the Kings Two other Sea townes neere to Malaga were likewise taken and the Moores made slaues by Pedro de Vera whom the King had sent thither After that all things were surely possessed by the Christians in Malaga the Bishops and Clergie made their entrance who performed the accustomed ceremonies purifications dedications with such other solemnities as wee haue heretofore written and the Kings hauing at the same time receiued a Bull from Pope Innocent by the which hee granted them and their successors authority to name and appoint Bishops and other Ecclesiasticall dâ—gnities needfull in the Realme of Granado it was thought fit to restore the Bishops Sea to the Citty of Malaga Don Pedro de Toleno Bishop of Malaga as it had beene in times past and Don Pedro de Toledo was chosen Bishop of the same who was a Channon of Siuill a man of great learning and merit who was confirmed therein by the Pope vnto whom the Kings sent a hundred Moores Gomeres of Affrick for a present and to Queene Ioane of Naples the Kings sister fifty Morish maides and thirty to the Queene of Portugall of all the other slaues the third part of them was diuided among the Lords Knights Gentlemen and Captaines of the Campe an other third part was imployed for the redemption and exchange of Christian Captines and an other third part remained to the Kings towards their great costs and charges sustained in that siege the which lasted three moneths and one day which was the eighteene of August this yeare 1487. The order and gouernement of the Cittie beeing disposed the commaund thereof was giuen to Don Garcia Fernandes Manrique who had beene Corrigidor of Cordoua The Iudges Rectors and Iurates with other Officers of iustice beeing established the goods were distributed to such as were receiued for new inhabitants who were prouided of good and wholesome lawes though fit and necessarie for those times These matters with others beeing dispatched the King and Queene returned victorious and triumphant to Cordoua where they were no sooner arriued but they began to thinke vppon necessarie prouisions for the next yeares warre for seeing they had had so happie successe alreadie they were very loth to giue it ouer by any interruption whatsoeuer In the interim of these great businesses the strifes of diuers Arragonois did still trouble the Kings eares for that in regard of his long absence all appeales comming before the Magistrate whom they call Iustice of Arragon all euident wrongs excesses and outrages committed by the great ones were with partialitie drawne out in length The Kings left Cordoua and came to Sarragossa where they assembled the Estates to redresse those insolencies which were complayned of The Estates beeing perswaded by the Vice-chancellor of the Kingdome whom the King had appoynted to speake vnto them did relinquish diuers poynts of their pretended rights and liberties and did suffer many things to be reformed and namely they were content to establish the Courts of iustice of the Hermandades or brotherhoods Hermandades in Arragon after the manner of Castile a most profitable and necessarie matter for the whole countrie and did besides that obtaine great subsidies of money for the King towards the wars of Granado Inquisition in Arragon And because the Inquisition brought great profite to the Kings coffers in Castile of the goods of the Iewes and Moores which were reuolted to their foolish superstitions it was decreed that like proceeding should be vsed against them in Arragon and Iudges appointed to make their definitiue sentence One of the sayd Commissioners had like to haue beene slayne by those manner of people on a morning in the Church of Sarragossa which gaue them occasion to enquire more diligently of such as were faulty wherein choller greedinesse of gaine and desire to fill the kings coffers made them greatly to exceed the which the practise of their successours at this day can very well witnesse the obstinate were burned and those which did reconcile themselues or were in any fault at all were fleeced to the very quicke The Kings passing into the Realme of Valencia which was troubled with the same diseases did call the Estates to Orihuela where they made diuers goodly Edicts Whilest the Court lay at Valencia there entred into Cattalonia an Ambassador from the French king Charles the eighth sent to King Fernand who sent to meete him and to let him vnderstand that vnlesse he brought with him the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon he might returne from whence hee came King Fernand refuseth to heare or see the French Ambassadour and for ought that the Ambassadour could say or do he
other profits of the Crowne as they had beene accustomed so as they did remaine in the citie of Pampelone 4 That the wages of Counsellors and Presidents of justice Auditors of the royall accounts and other officers and magistrats of the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine should be paied them with condition that they should remaine in Pampelone 5 That the inhabitants of Pampelone should remaine faithfull seruants to the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane and in regard thereof they should enjoy their goods mouable and immouable rights and auncient priuiledges And in like manner those which had followed the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine if within thirtie dayes they did returne into the countrey 6 That the inhabitants of Pampelone should not be bound to lodge any one without paying for it no more than they of Saragosse Valencia and Barcellona 7 That all knights and gentlemen which within thirtie dayes should submit themselues to the seruice of the kings D. Ferdinand and queene Ioane should be well and honourably intreated in their persons and goods and not called in question for any crime formerly committed in the time of the dissentions and factions of Beaumont and Gramont 8 That when they should goe vnto the warre their priuiledges and rankes touching their persons and qualities should be maintained as in the time of precedent kings 9 That the rights of prouisions of victuals silkes money and other things due by the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine to their officers citizens of Pampelone which came to serue the kings of Castille should be paied them so as it were duely verified 10 That if any of these articles were prejudiciall to any one the judgement thereof should be referred to the kings of Castille D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane his daughter Many other heads were propounded whereof some were granted and others sent backe vnto the king and his counsell but these were the most remarkable the which were promised and sworne by the duke of Alua in the name and with the consent of the kings of Castille the foure and twentieth of Iulie in the presence of D. Lewis of Beaumont the constable D. Antonio of Acugna bishop of Cuenca Pedro Lopes of Padilla Ferdinand Sâ—arez of Toledo and other knights And notwithstanding that the duke had promised not to enter into the citie vntill the next day least it should be reproached vnto them That they had yeelded before they had seene the enemie yet the earle of Lerin who was constable of Nauarre entred the same day being the foure and twentieth and the fiue and twentieth the duke with the rest of the armie Duke of Alua enters into Pampelone Thus the kings D. Iohn and Q. Katherine were spoyled of their realme of Nauarre which they had held together eighteene yeares and a halfe and the queene almost ten yeares alone after the death of her brother Francis Phoebus Vnion of Castille and Nauarre by conquest From the 25 of Iulie 1512 being S. Iames day Nauarre was vnited to the Crowne of Castille 468 yeares after that it had beene diuided from it in the time and by the death of the king D. Sancho the great After the yeelding of the chiefe citie the duke of Alua caused the other places of strength within the realme to be summoned to yeeld promising that in so doing they should be intreated with the like clemencie to Pampelone if not he would pursue them with fire and sword as sectaries to princes who were declared schismatikes and heretikes In the beginning some townes seemed difficult but hauing better considered of their affairs the townes of Lumbier Sanguesse Montreal Olite and Tafalla with the citie of Tudele yeelded yet the castle thereof held good for the kings that were expelled Denis of Desa faithfull to king Iohn of Albret Denis of Desa a gallant knight and a good seruant to his masters commaunding therein They of the vallie of Roncal and of the vallie of Amescoa trusting in the naturall force of their mountainous countrey made no account to yeeld King Ferdinand being at Burgos hearing the successe of this conquest sent supplies of men to the duke of Alua And the better to justifie his actions he sent D. Antonio of Acugna bishop of Zamora embassador into France to king Iohn offering him That if he would quit the friendship and alliance of king Lewis he would restore his realme to him againe The bishop came not to king Iohn for notwithstanding the prerogatiue of embassadors King Ferdinands embassador arrested in Bearn he was staied prisoner in Bearn from whence he parted not but for a great ransome Vpon this excesse the duke of Alua was readie to passe into Bearn to be reuenged of the wrong done vnto the king his master and to his embassador but seeing the towns of Tudele Olite Tafalla and Estella begin to be somewhat moued at the brute of king Iohns comming with a French armie he remained in Nauarre where hauing ordered matters in such sort as they seemed secure he assembled the chiefe men of Pampelone in the monasterie of S. Francis where hauing made a long discourse vnto them to justifie the conquest which his master had made of that realme he required them to take an oath to king Ferdinand and they demaunded three dayes respite to consider thereon which being expired they said That they were content to take an oath as subjects Difference betwixt a vasâ—all and a subiect but not as vassals And what difference demaunded the duke make you betwixt vassals and subjects He said they is to be vnderstood a vassall whom the lord may intreat well or ill at his pleasure but the subject ought to be well intreated by him Then the duke hauing shewed them that they should not doubt but the king would intreat them well and fauourably in all things he alledged many reasons which induced them to take this oath acknowledging king Ferdinand for their king who parting from Burgos came vnto Logrogno neere to Nauarre where he staied the remainder of that yere to prouide for the defence of this new conquest This yeare died D. Pascall Castille of the Order of the preaching friers bishop of Burgos at Rome D. Iohn of Fonseca bishop of Palence and superintendent of the affaires of the Indies was preferred in his place D. Iohn of Velasco bishop of Calaorra had that of Palence and D. Iohn Castellan of Vilalua came to that of Calaorra he was brother to the colonell Valalua D. Valerio Alphonso Ordognes of Villaquiran bishop of Ouiedo died also and his bishopricke was giuen to D. Diego of Muros who was bishop of Mondognedo he who did found the colledge of S. Saâ—ior in the Vniuersitie of Salamanca which hath the name of Ouiedo 1512 the bishopricke of Mondognedo was giuen to D. Diego of Villamuriel President of the Chauncerie of Granado 29 King Ferdinands affaires standing in these termes in Europe the Spaniards remayning at the Indies at the
well our dueties we will doe him the honour and reuerence that belongs vnto him that we haue no other king but Cesar The prince Charles was not yet chosen emperor but that 〈◊〉 was taken as a presage of his future election The first care of cardinall Ximeâ—â—s was to make an agreement with doctor Adrian who had brought letters and authoritie from prince Charles by the which he declared him his lieutenant in case that the king D. Ferdinand should die during his legation in 〈◊〉 The accord was thus made Accord for the gouernement of Spaine that vntill they had other newes from prince Charles they should ioyntly signe all dispatches After which they were to pacifie a trouble that was of no small consequence for D. 〈…〉 called the Deafe brother to the duke of Escalona the stemme of the Marquesse of Villeneâ—â—â— at this day had obtained after the decease of the great captaine who aspired to the mastership of S. Ieams bulls and prouision from the pope of that mastership did sollicite the commanders of the Ordâ—â— to assemble togither to recieue him Contention for the mastership of S. Ieams but prince Charles during his grandfâ—â—hers life had also obtained a later prouision by the â—eans of D. Bernâ—rdin of 〈◊〉 of all these three masterships in his person and it is most certaine that king Ferdinand was not 〈…〉 that he would haue giuen them to the infant D. Ferdinand The cardinall being advertised of these things he sent with the aduise of doctor Adriâ—â— and the Councel 〈◊〉 one of the Alcaides of the court with letters 〈…〉 this assembly of the commaunders whereunto they obeyed euen 〈◊〉 himselfe who desisted from his enterprise This Cardinall had a watchfull eie upon the actions of the Infant D. Ferdinand and of those which did gouerne him lâ—â—ing alwayes neere vnto his person Prouidence of Cardinal Ximenes for the a peace of Spaine for he feared lest the noblemen of Castille who desired som alteration in the state would corrunt him and make vse of his name He prouided in such sort for queene Germaine in this beginning to whom all things were difficult that shee might not want money for the entertainment of her house and royall dignities The place of residence for the councel was chosen at Madrid for that it was commodiâ—â—â— for the 〈◊〉 being not farre from his archbishopricke of Toledo from whence they 〈◊〉 Peter of Câ—mpreal Rengifo of Auila to carrie news vnto prince Charles of the 〈…〉 of the king his grandfather and of all that past since The prince was 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 where he had 〈…〉 bred vp and his brother D. 〈◊〉 in Spainâ— the one instructed in the 〈◊〉 fashions of the Flemings the other in thoâ—â— of Spaine which 〈◊〉 the Spaniard◠〈◊〉 cheâ—â—â—â— the yonger more and did much trouble the Cardinall 〈◊〉 The chiefeâ—â—â— which at that time did gouern the person of prince Charles 〈…〉 of Bourgondie and afterwards Chauncellour the Lord of Cheures and Laxatâ—â— Chamberlaines Laurence Gorrebot great master and Charles of Lannoy Master of the Horse Hee had a Phisition of Milâ—n called Peter Marlian a learned man and of great experience who was the inuentor of that Mott Plâ—â— vltra the which prince Charles vsed betwixt Hercules pillers hee was afterwards bishop of Tuy but against the will of cardinall Ximenes The lord of Cheures was of greatest authority about the prince hauing bred him vp hee was so hated of King Ferdinand as a little before his death in a certaine treaty made with doctour Adrian hee would haue it expresly reserued that Cheures should be chased away Cheures gouernour to prince Charles the which did much discontent him who for that cause conceiued a great hatred against doctor Adrian but hee was forced to yeeld that to the King that hee might winne his loue to prince Charles for hee sawe his intent was to debase him to aduaunce the Infant D. Ferdinand if hee could Of Spaniards D. Iohn Manuel was in some credite in the court of Flaunders a flatterer and breeder of debate betwixt King Ferdinand and Philip of Austria his sonne in lawe for the which hee was put in prison by the lady Marguerite gouernesse of Flaunders but after the kings death hee was presently set at libertie by prince Charles D. Antonio of Estuniga brother to the duke of Bejar was also honoured in that Court D. Pedro Portocarrero sonne to him that was deafe of whom wee haue spoken D. Lewis of Cordoua D. Alphonso Mantiques the bishop of Badajos and Pedro Mota archbishoppe of Seuile a famous preacher and Secretary to the prince Such was the estate of his Court when hee receiued newes of the death of the king his grandfather for the which hee shewed a griefe befitting nature and the neerenesse of bloud that was betwixt them hee commended him for the election which hee had made of the cardinall Francis Ximenes and did write vnto the Infant his brother to the widow Queene and to the councell giuing them hope that hee would bee soone in Spaine In his first letters to the Gouernours and the Councell hee did intitle himselfe Prince but some of the Councell of Flanders seeing Queene Ioane weake of her sences and to bee but a vaine maske of royall dignitie they were of opinion that hee should take the title of King the which hee did for that said hee it was conformable to the custome of the princes of Flaunders and Germanie Title of King allowed in Castille to prince Charles during his mothers life but not in Arragon and that it was the aduice of the Emperour Maximilian and of Pope Leo the which was not well liked of in Spaine notwithstanding seeing hee had once taken it it would haue beene dishonourable to haue left it and therefore hee continued this title the cardinall Ximenes causing the rest to allow of it and thereupon they did aduaunce the Standard and Armes of the new King Charles in the towne of Madrid The Arragonois strict defenders of their Lawes would neuer allow of this title of King during the life of Queene Ioane of whom D. Alphonso of Arragon archbishoppe of Saragosse was gouernor 18 Whilest these things were done at Madrid by cardinall Ximenes there grew new tumults Quarrell betwixt Pedro Giron and the duke of Medina Sidonia the which did first disquiet Andalusia and afterwards all the Prouinces of Spaine The chiefe of this tumult was D. Pedro Giron eldest sonne to the earle of Vregna who entred the countrey of the duke of Medina Sidonia with forces and besieged Luzero a sea towne with an intent to seaze vpon the whole Duchieâ— if hee could And this was the cause of his enterprise D. Iohn of Guzman duke of Medina Sidonia married two sisters successiuely one after an other daughters to the Duke of Bejar by the first hee had two children D. Henrie and D. Mentia and by the second one sonne called D. Aluaro D.
Prouinces of the west Indies From thence hee sent Hinoiosa to Caxamalcan to commaund the troups which were there assembled and himselfe came with the armie to Truxillo appoynting them all a time to come in the valley of Sansaua Gonsaluo Pizarro beeing come to Arequipa hee found not any creature there for all were gone to ioyne with Ceutons troupes who aduanced to fight with him the which hee did Victorie of Pizarro but to his owne losse for hee was defeated and forced to flie hauing three hundred and foure score souldiers slaine vpon the place with some captaines and almost as many taken prisoners with which Pizarro fortified his army distributing them among his bands and of his part there were onely one hundred men slaine By this good successe some others were induced to runne the same fortune with him he promising them great recompences so as holding his forces to be sufficient hee returned towards Cusco with an intent to fight with the imperiall army wheresoeuer hee should find it Army imperiall pursuing Pizarro the which beeing assembled in the valley of Sansaua there were found to be sixteene hundred harquebuziers fiue hundred pikes and seuen hundred horse Spaniards whereof the captaines were Peter Alphonso of Hinoiosa commaunding in qualitie of Generall Aluaredes marshall of the campe Doctor Caruaial Pedro of Vlloa and other Captaines Gabriel de Roias was master of the artillerie The leaders of the horsemen were Pedro Cabrera Gomes of Aluarado Iohn Sauedra Iames Mora Ferdinand Mexia Roderigo Salezar and Alphonso Mendosa all which had reuolted from Pizarro The President had for his councell the Archbishop of the towne of Kings Thomas S. Martin prouinciall of the preaching friers with many others Peter Valduuia gouernour of the Prouince of Chiliane came and ioyned with his armie a man of great experience in matters of warre worthie to be opposed against Francis Caruaial who was the most redoubted captaine the enemy had and in the end vnfortunate Ceuton came and ioyned with them with about fortie horse Being all together they marched towards Cusco whither they vnderstood that Gonsaluo Pizarro was come with his army The Countrey by the which the imperialls did march was rough desart and without victualles so as they suffered much vntill they came to Andaguara where the Countrey is peopled and furnished with victualles and other commodities wherefore they stayed long there for that they would not be consumed with trauell and the tediousnesse of the winter if the enemie should seeke to prolong the warre the which he might easily doe hauing the towne of Cusco and the riuer which passeth by the valley of Seguisagrane at his deuotion In the Spring time of the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie and eight the President caused his army to dislodge from Andaguara and crossed many narrow passages of the mountaines without any difficultie and many riuers whereas Pizarro might haue annoyed them much if hee had not beene negligent and then came and lodged vpon the declining of the hilles in a discommodious place aboue the valley of Seguisagrane in the which Pizarro was camped who wanted not any thing hauing the towne and riuer behind him at his commaundement whereas the imperialls suffered much hunger cold and other discommoditities yet notwithstanding the President did forbeare to fight being aduertised that a good number of the Spaniards that were with Pizarro did but watch an oportunitie to abandon him and to reuolt which he desired might be before they did fight that he might haue the weaker opposition But they could not temporize long in that bad lodging whereas the cold which was great in that season did so benumme the souldiers as they could scarce hold their armes and also for the neerenesse of the two armies which were daily in skirmish so as they were forced to come to a generall battell the which was soone ended For the ordnance was scarce discharged but many of Pizarros armie disbanded openly Defeat of Pizarro among which were Doctor Câ—peda Garci Lazo de la Vega and Alphonso Peres Hita captaines and all the souldiers which remained at the rout of Ceuton went away in one squadron to the imperialls which made the rest retire and to flie the battell some going towards the citie of Cusco which was fiue leagues off and others to other places they that were most affected to Gonsaluo and most guiltie remained about him who being foure in number were of opinion to cast themselues into their enemâ—es troups and to die fighting valiantly rather than to be led bound to an ignomimious death but Gonsaluo told them that seeing Fortune had turned her backe it were better to die Christianlike acknowledging their faults than to perish like pagans in such vanities Being then enuironed by the imperiall horsemen he yielded his armes to Pedro de Vlloa great Prouost of the armie who led him before the President by whom hee was much blamed for his obstinacie yet hee shewed himselfe nothing deiected but answered resolutely to whatsoeuer was demaunded Being giuen in gard to Iames de Ceuton he was for some daies well and modestly intreated not suffering any one to disquiet him either in word or deed All the other Commaunders were in a manner taken that day either with Gonsaluo or in the pursuite except Francis Caruaial who was afterwards found and deliuered by his owne souldiers being hidden among the reeds in a moore thinking to renue the warre if hee might escape All the rest were somewhat lamented but not hee for hee was exceeding cruell and the chiefe author of Pizarros â—rebellion and it was said that by his inhumane councell Pizarro had caused aboue sixe hundred gentlement to be murthered and thrice as many good souldiers Spaniards with an infinite number of Indians and that he neuer was at the death of anie one but he did reuile him with all the opprobrious words he could inuent The rebelles campe remained a prey to the imperialls whereby they were greatly enriched and to preserue the citie of Cusco from sacke and to containe euery one in his duetie and to preuent reuenges which do commonly follow ciuill victories Ferdinand Mexia and Martin Robles were sent thither with two companies Afterwards the prisoners processes were formally made The chiefe of the rebellion were condemned to die as guiltie of treason Gonsaluo Pizarro had his head cut off the which was for a time set in the market place in the citie of Kings Death of Gonsaluo Pizarro for a publike spectacle with this Inscription This is the head of the Traitor and Tyrant Gonsaluo Pizarro who being rebelled and hauing taken armes in the realme of Peru against the most mightie Emperour Charles the fift his prince was vanquished fighting against the standard royall in the valley of Saguisagrane and hath beene thus worthily punished All his goods were forfeited his proud palace which hee had built in the citie of Cusco was ruined the soile sowed with salt and a pillar erected with
or forced The voluntarie may be contained in the sale of customs offices and other like alienations of commodities and rents That which is forced may in like maner be exemplified in such taxes and ordinarie tributes as are imposed vpon the people with out recompence the first hath in it a kind of sweetnesse for that it is seldome vrged by necessitie wherfore it is requisit to limit the other kind by this and when necessitie requires rather to sel offices rents than to inuent any new grieuāces to the people I haue many times resolued with my self to deale after this maner but haue euer bin diuerted by occurrents from bringing into my state that custom of selling of offices and making magistrates for life which is vsed in the court of Rome for it is a matter of great import a means to bring a sudden gain into the princes purse for the next vacatiō either by remoue imploiment or death yeeldeth as much or very little lesse than the ordinarie rent which by their accompt is to bee answered No doubt this was a course of great consideration and of especiall commoditie to the superiour as may bee gathered by this reason of experience That the Popes in how great pouertie soeuer they finde the Church at their first entrie to the Sea yet they neuer want meanes to procure money after the first beginning of their gouernment It is true that in the Court of Rome as it should seeme the sale of Offices which haue annexed vnto them ordinarie administration of justice brings not so great danger vnto the State as it would doe in other Realmes for that auarice is not the chiefe obiect in that place of mens intents but rather hope to raise themselues to greater honour from this ground and accesse at all times vnto the Pope vpon this occasion which carrieth with it many other especiall commodities But the Princes of the world may in like manner deuise to set ambition in the eye of Officers as the obiect and end of their offer to buie Offices by rewarding such as carrie themselues well with great honours and disgracing those that shall deale otherwise By this meanes you may change the object of your Officers from couetousnesse to a desire of rule and to supply the humours of authoritie which is alwaies accessarie to Ambition The second meanes to seeke reliefe from the subiect which I tearmed forced is heauie and odious yet by the good discretion of Ministers which deale in those affaires and by the presidents of other countries lying neere about where they are oppressed by their Gouernours this griefe may bee much qualified The Prince in this case may doe much good vnto himselfe by giuing easie accesse vnto his person when occasion doth serue for hee must take a fit time to acquaint them with his occasions hee must seeke in some fort to free himselfe of their hard conceite and ease the other part by fauours of an other kinde hee must justifie his actions in the iudgement of the world eyther by prouing the cause of this grieuance to bee verie vrgent or colouring the same so cunningly as it may at the least appeare so or endeuouring to send some away satisfied if it bee possible This not voluntarie or forced way is subdiuided into two other parts into perpetuall burthens as customes or temporarie as subsidies and this later at the time of the first imposing makes people to grieue for a while in respect of the paine which pincheth them but this greefe cannot long endure for that one instant and one paiment freeth them especially if the prince make protestation of his vnwillingnesse and with all make apparent to the peoples meane capacitie the necessarie cause that vrgeth him thereunto The other kind is farre more grieuous and offensiue albeit in time the people grow better acquainted with that course and beare it as well as they can for that there is no remedie Sodaine impositions although they seeme grieuous at the first yet by a prince whose lineall succession is not well setled ought to bee preferred as potions which are more sharp and yet more quicke in operation are before those that are more gentle yet long and tedious in curing the sicke and the rather in this case for that Princes cosers are suddenly replenished Aboue all things you must haue a great care that during the leuie of this aid your Officers adde nothing to the burthen either by extremitie discurtesie or demaund of fees for we find daily that by such extraordinarie extortions men are more incensed in respect of the wrong and violence then with the principall which is disbursed for the satisfaction of their Soueraigne The subiect is much impouerished by this hard course and yet the Prince reapes no benefit thereby nay when hee shall haue need to craue a new supply and aide from them hee findes them more feeble and lesse able to relieue his wants Rents increase by raising new impositions vpon occasion by bettering the trade by reducing forfeitures to the princes pleasure by limiting all necessarie charges and cutting off such as are superfluous The field of raising new rents is exceeding large yet the prince is bound to walke in it with all possible respect so farre as it concernes the peoples grieuance hee must especially abstaine from imposing of heauie customs vpon such things as his subiects are inforced to send abroad as Sicile doth graine and the Realme of Naples wine and Silke The like consideration is to bee had of things brought in from foreine parts for the supply of other wants at home for vpon these two reasons experience and time hath grounded the ordinarie traffique that holdeth betwixt countries for their naturall necessities Wherefore in these causes princes ought to haue a care that their reuenues may bee aunswered in a meane rather than by excesse for the more moderate customes are the greater store of needfull things are brought home vnto our doores in respect of the great gaine which marchants make by selling at the second hand and for the like respect the greater store of superfluous things are transported by the subiects into foraine parts By this meanes the rent is raysed farre aboue the measure which a great imposition would yeeld The people want no foraine commodities for their reliefe and yet their purses are filled by the vent of superfluous things at home so as they may be the better able both to satisfie their princes custome and contribute also vpon such reafonable occasions as shall occurre in policie vpon other things which are rather brought in for wantonnesse and pleasure than for necessarie vse a more weightie imposition may bee layed for the estate which may well forbeare these loosse commodities is not damnified thereby if some to satisfie their humors will needs buy it skilleth not though they pay somewhat deerer for their fantasies Besides some are discouraged sometimes with the great price which otherwise would acquaint themselues too much
in Iulie some say he was poisoned Death of the Prince of Spain others write that he was strangled by foure slaues He was buried in the Monasterie of S. Dominike the royall at Madrid whereas the king D. Pedro the cruel had beene interred Peter Mathew in his French Historie writing of the life and death of king Philip the second he sets downe a formall proceeding of the father against his Sonne in this action the which for that this subiect is so rare and memorable I haue thoght good also to insert After the Princes restra int◠Mathews vpon the death of Prince Charles as wee haue saied the king saith hee propounded to his Councel of conscience what punishment a kings son deserued that had made leagues against his estates and conspired against his fathers life and whether hee might be called in question His Councell laied two remedies before him both iust and possible the one of grace and the other of Iustice and punishment shewing him the difference betwixt the mercie of a father and the sinceritie of a king saying that if by his clemencie he did pardon them which loued him not hee must of force pardon that creature which should be most deare vnto him They desired him to imitate the emperour Charlemaigne who imputed the first conspiracie of his Sonne Pepin against him to the follies of youth for the second he confined him into a Monasterie protesting that he was a father not a king nor a iudge against his Sonne The king answered that by the law of nature he loued his Son better than himselfe but by the law of God the good and safetie of his subiects was to be preferred Moreouer hee demanded if knowing the miseries which the impunitie of his Sonnes offences would breed whether he might with a safe conscience pardon him and not be guiltie of these miseries Whereat his Diuines shrunke in their shoulders and with teares in their eies said that the safetie and health of his subiects ought to be dearer vnto him than his sonnes and that hee ought to pardon offences but such crimes should bee supprest as abhominable monsters Hereupon the king committed his Sonne to the censure of the Inquisitors commending them not to respect his authoritie no more than the meanest within his kingdome and to regard the qualitie of his Sonne as if he were borne a king making no distinction thereof with the partie accused vntill they found that the excesse of his offence would no more admit of this consideration remembring that they carried in their soules a liuelie image of the king which had iudged Angels and should without distinction iudge kings and the Sonnes of kings like vnto other men referring al vnto their consciences and discharging his owne The Inquisitors Iudgement of the inquisitors against the Prince of Spain for that he was charged to haue practised with Castillion Admirall of France the prince of Orange and other enemies of the Romish◠Religion declared him an heretike and for that hee had conspired against his fathers life they condemned him to die The king was his accuser and the Inquisitors his iudges but the sentence was signed by the king which done they presented many kinds of death in picture vnto the prince to make choise of the easiest In the end he demanded if there were no pitie in his father to pardon him no fauour in his Councell for a Prince of Spaine nor any wisdome to excuse the follies of his youth when as they told him that his death was determined could not be reuoked and that all the fauour was in the choise of the easiest death hee said that they might put him to what death they pleased that there was no choise of any death seeing that they could not giue him that which Caesar held to be the best These words deliuered with passion were followed with a thousand imprecations against his fortune against the inhumanity of his father and the crueltie of the Inquisition repeating these words often O miserable Sonne of a more miserable father He had some daies giuen him to prepare himselfe for death 1568 One morning foure slaues entred into his chamber who awaking him put him in mind of his last houre and gaue him some time to prepare himselfe vnto God He start vp suddenly and fled to the bed post but two of them held his armes and the third his feet and the fourth strangled him with a cord of silk Many hold that he died of letting blod his feet being put in warm water But Campana in the life of Philip 2 writes that being in prison he fel verie sick by reason of his disordred diet and drinking too much cold water wherewith his stomack grew so weake as he could not digest any meat which the Phisitions could not helpe so as hee died as he affirms of this sicknes verie religiously and penitenly to the great griefe of the king the whol state moreouer he writes that the king being much perplexed for this great losse retired himselfe into his chamber with two seruants wold not giue any audience then for many daies into the monasterie of S. Ierosme a mile without the town sequestring himself of al affairs writing only to princes potentates causing his secretaries to write vnto all his realms states of the death of his deare only son Thus writers discourse diuersly of the death of this Prince the which I leaue to the iuditious Reader to beleeue what he shall thinke most probable Within foure months after the death of the Prince D. Carlo Death of the queen of Spain the Queene D. Isabella his mother in law died also being broght in bed of her third child before her time the Phisitiōs hauing ignorātly caused her to take too much Phisick fering some other infirmitie this was the brute of the court of Spain But in France they had reason to think that the life of this princesse was shortned like vnto that of D. Charles by some notable malice by the same instruments For they to whom D. Isabella did belong in bloud had been verie carefull to auer the causes maner of her death but not so resolute to call it in question as Clouis sons were to reuenge the iniurie done vnto their Sister in Spaine where she also had beene maried As for the Prince Turkett it was verie cōmon in Spain that the great hatred the king bate him grew rather from the suggestions and reports of others than from his own misdeeds for by nature he was neither giuen to any odious vices Disposition of the prince D. Charles neither was he of so harsh and sower a disposition as commonly great men of that coūtrie be It is true that D. Charles kept his grauitie to courtiers that he shewed himselfe verie ambitious too desirous to mannage affaires and to be imploied and was giuen to some kindes of pleasures Such as would excuse him said
choosing in his place Diego Lopes Aben Aboo to raigne ouer them Aben Aboo chosen king of the Râ—bels a cruell man but hee had more iudgement and gouernment than the other so as D. Iohn de Austria had more cause to thinke seriously of the affaires of the war Hee gaue the charge of the Riuers of Almerie Bolodui Almansora Sierra de Basa and Filabres and of the Marquisate of Zenete to Ierome Malech and to Xoabi and Sierra Neuada the land of Velez the Alpuxarres and the Valley of Montojo of Granado to Hascien de Gueiar Hee sent presents to Vluccialy and to the Moâ—ti of Constantinople to keepe him in grace with the great Turke and to bee a meanes for some succours he made a regiment of foure thousand men for his gard whereof a thousand should be alwaies in gard At his election he found tenne thousand men in the armie and among them six hundred Turkes The Marquesse of Mondejar at that time left the affairs of Granado went to Valentia where he was appointed viceroy in which charge he continued not long but past to Naples to gouern there with like dignitie The duke of Sesse was chief of the army which the marquesse was wont to lead who releeued the Garrison of Orgiba which Aben Aboo the new king beseeged and kept the pace of Lantjaron where there was a great skirmish the which continued long through the Turkes valour in the which there were many slaine of either part Orgiba was abandoned by the commandement of D. Iohn who sent the Captaine of that place with his men to Motrill In the Dukes armie there were many Noble men of marke as Pagan Doria brother to Iohn Andrew D. Gabriel and Lewis de Cordoâ—a D. Lewis de Cardone and others which armie was appointed to clense the Alpuxarra In the other part whereas the marquesse of Veles made warre D. Iohn would commaund in person hauing Malech and Xoabi to make head against him In these Christian armies there were certaine couragious Monkes marching in the head of the troupes who held a Crucifex in one hand and a naked sword in the other The Moores attempted Galere Galere taken by the Moores a strong place of situation belonging to Eurigue a league from Guescar and tooke it They went to beseege Oria but they of Lorca their neightbours who were alwaies good souldiers came thither 〈…〉 foure hundred Moores Moores defeated raised the seege and carried away fiue Ensignes 〈◊〉 with the bodie of his armie by the riuer of Almansora D. Iohn led his by that of Xenil this Riuer runnes by Piuillos and enters into an other called Aguasblancas which together passing by the village of Cene runne towards Granado and betwixt these two riuers is the Mountaine of Guejar one of the descents of Sierra Neuada in the which there kept about foure thousand Moores vnder the Captaines Xoabi Choconcillo Macox and Moxixar who ranne euen to the gates of Granado D. Iohn made them dislodge and retire farther into the mountaines of Sierra Neuada Farrax Aben Farrax was among the Moores that were at Guejar Farrax Aben Farrax his miserable estate in poore and miserable estate of whose aduentutur it is fit to make some little mention Being in disgrace with king Aben Humeia and put from all affaires his miserie had brought him to that despaire as hee was ready to yeeld himselfe to the Marquesse of Mondejar who without doubt had put him to an exemplarie death being in suspence and hauing changed his minde hee thought it better to yeeld himselfe vnto the Inquisition thinking that making his accustomed submissions he should haue his life saued at the least There was a Moore with him which had beene his companion in the art of dying to whom hauing imparted this his designe exhorting him to doe the like for hee was no lesse culpable than he he liked well of it and was content to go before to treat with them of the Inquisition for them both Farrax hauing instructed him being to depart that night and therefore they were retired into a valley couered with wood to keepe their businesse more secret after that he had discoursed long reiterated his instructions to this Moor he fel a sleep in the wood the other seeing him fast thoght that he should make his peace better if hee slue him and being resolued hee tooke a great stone wherewith he gaue him so many blowes vpon the head face and bodie as hee left him for dead and then he went as it is to bee coniectured to Granado Farrax being thus pittifully handled remained two daies neither dead nor aliue in that Vallie whereas two Moores passing by found him whilest hee yet breathed and not knowing what hee was but onely finding that hee was a Moore they laied him for pittie sake vpon one of their horses and carried him to Guejar where hee was lookt vnto and cured but hee remained so disfigured as his visage had scarce any shape of a mans and in this estate hee followed the troupes liuing of almes being known of few men This was the reward of the chiefe authour of the Moores rebellion Returning to Aben Aboo he had a intent to gather the Oliues vpon the riuer of Boldni hauing sent a number of Moorish women thither with a gard of eight hundred souldiers Defeat of Moores but they were no good gardians for being charged by the Marquesse of Velez they fled with the losse of two hundred of their men slain vpon the place and all their women were taken Guescar was also relieued by the Marquesse who slue about fiue hundred of the Moors Winter broght many discommodities both to the one and the other yet the Marquesse of Velez held Galeres alwaies inuested but seeing in the Spring that D. Iohn would come and beseege it himselfe he retyred for he was so ambitious as he would haue the honor of euerie thing that was done where he was The body of D. Iohns armie which was inteÌ„ded against the fort of Galere was made at Guescar D. Iohn being at Basa which is 7 leagues off where he prouided for all things necessarie Galere was but a borough without any wall but seated among rockes which couered it being enuironed with deep precipices the which the Moors by trauerses and barracadoes had made in a maner impenetrable and in thâ—se deep bottomes the riuer ran wheras they of the Borogh were forced to fetch their water and to the end they might goe thither without danger the Moores had made a way like a wall Galere beseeged and taken and by this meanes they did water safely There were three thousand Moores and Turkes to defend this fort The church without the borogh had a high Tower which serued them both for a watch and a Citadell D. Iohn brought his armie thither and hauing made there batteries he presently took this church by one of them But when he came to the Borough there was great
that estate least that his recouerie should alter that good happy disposition The continuall feuer whereof he had languished three yeres and the violent torments of the gout had prepared him for death long before he was ready to take him He gaue no eare to any discourse but touching his departure A gentleman of his chamber seeing him to haue some intermission of his pains aduised him to remoue into some other chamber that was more chearefull the Physitians warranting that hee might liue two yeares longer Giue said hee this picture of our Ladie to the Infanta it was the Empresse my Mothers and I haue worne it fifty yeares He spake of his departure as of a royall entrie into goodliest Cities vnder his obedience and of his funeral as of a Coronation I will said hee haue this Crucifix hung at my neck and resting vpon my breast I will haue that in my hand with the which my father dyed Hold a candle of Mont Sarrat readie and giue it me when I am in the Agonie Goe said hee to two Religious men and measure my fathers Herse obserue how hee is laid I will be so and with no more ceremonie than the poorest Monke in this Monasterie They that were about him spake of his constancie as Saint Augustin did of the admirable resolution of a holy Spaniard The violence of his paine was great but the force of his courage was greater the one suffered and the other sung the flesh suffered and the spirit spake Nothing liued more in him than a feeling of his sinnes the which toucht him so neere as after that they had made an incision in his knee and the Prince his Sonne asking him if he felt not the paine of his greene wound I feele said the king the wounds of my sinnes much more Approaching towards his end hee commaunded that the Marquesse of Mondejar should bee set at libertie but restrained from comming to court and that the wife of Anthony Perez sometimes his Secretarie should bee set at libertie vpon condition that hee should retire himselfe into some Monasterie Hee receiued the extreme vnctions from the Archbishop of Toledo after that hee had demaunded the manner of the administration thereof for that hee had neuer seene it giuen Hee had resolued to send the Prince and the Infanta â—o Madrid for that they should not bee present at the pitifull spectacle of the ruine of his bodie but hee changed his opinion and would haue the Prince present when they gaue him the extreme vnction after which hee commanded them to leaue him alone with his Sonne King Philips last speech vnto his Sonne to whome hee spake these words I was desirous my son you shold assist at this last actioÌ„ to the end you shold not liue in ignorance as I haue done how this holy Sacrament is administred that you might see the end of kings and whereunto their Crownes and Scepters are reduced Death is readie to snatch the Crowne from my head and to set it vpon yours Therein I recommend two things vnto you the one is that you remaine alwaies obedient vnto the Church the other that you doe justice to your subiects The time will come when this Crowne shall fall from your head as it doth now from mine you are young I haue beene so my daies are numbred and are ended God keepes the accompt of yours and they shall likewise end They say that hee did enioyne him with passion to make warre against Heretikes and to entertaine peace with France The Prince thinking that his end approached demaunded the golden key of the Cabinet from D. Christopher de Mora meaning to grace the Marquesse of Denia his fauourite therewith but hee desired the Prince to pardon him saying that hee might not leaue it whilest the king was liuing but by his expresse commandement whereat the Prince was offended D. Christopher complained hereof vnto the king who neither commended the demaund being too sudden nor allowed of his refusall commanding D. Christopher to carrie it vnto the Prince and to craue his pardon who returning to visit his father D. Christopher de Mora kneeling downe 〈◊〉 the key and deliuered it vnto him the which the Prince tooke and gaue to the Marquesse of Denia And as the prince and the Infanta stood before his bed hee said vnto them I recommend vnto you D. Christopher de Mora the best seruant I euer had with all my other seruants And so giuing them his last farewell and imbracing them his speech fayled him continuing two daies in that estate vntill hee died being seuenty and one yeares old and hauing raigned fifty He was borne at Vailledolit the fiue and twentieth of Aprill Birth and â—â—ature of the king of Spaine in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred twenty and six and dyed the thirteenth of September 1598. He was but little of stature yet of a pleasing aspect but no goodlie man by reason of his great nether lip which is hereditarie in the house of Austria otherwise he was faire of complexion rather resembling a Fleming than a Spaniard of so found a constitution of body as he was sildome or neuer sicke He was sometimes troubled with faintings and did neuer eat any fish he was of a constant resolution and of a great spirit apprehending presently the ends of things and foreseeing them with an admirable wisdome and iudgement Pope Clement the eight hearing newes of his death assembled the Consistorie where after audience giuen vnto the Cardinalls hee told them in a graue speech full of passion Popes iudgment vpon the death of king Philip. That if euer the holy Sea had cause of greefe and affliction it was for the death of that Prince the Church hauing lost a great Protector and her persecutors a mightie enemie That his whole life had beene nothing but a warfaâ—e against infidelities heresies and errors That two things did comfort them in this losse the one that being dead with an admirable conformitie in the will of God an incredible patience in his paines and an vnchangeable constancie in his Religion he held him rewarded in heauen with immortall glorie the other that hee had left a Sonne which made them hope that it was rather a resurrection of the father than a succession of the Sonne In the end hee recommended them both to their praiers paying thereby for what the one had done and what the other offered to doe by his letters for the good of the Church To speake of his vertues Vertues of king Philip. it is said that all good Princes may bee written in a ring Philip had great vertues it were a rare thing to haue all The seedes of such princes as haue no defects are in heauen Hee was great in pietie Religion justice liberalitie and constancy His pietie As for his pietie and religion hee hath beene heard to say that if the prince his Sonne became an Hereâ—ike or a Schismaticke hee would bring fagots himselfe to
burne him He alwaies protested that his designes in warre and his exercises in peace did onely tend to the aduancement of Religion The last words he pronounced with his last gaspe were That he died a Catholike He respected the Pope as hee that carried the keies of heauen in his hand the prince of the Church and Gods Lieutenant generall ouer mens soules The Popes respected him as the chiefe supporter of the peace and vnion of the Church Piâ—â— 5. did so terme him when they made the league against the Turke and his successour Gregorie 13 answered him that caused his health to be prayed for at Rome My life imports the Church little the which after me may haue a better Pope Recommend the king of Spaines health vnto God for it is necessarie for all Christendome And he himselfe held his assistance necessarie for the affaires of Christians for being sicke and the Phisitian doubting to let him bloud by reason of his weakenesse Feare not said he to let me bloud Speech of the king of Spaine the estate of Gods Church permits not that I should die of this disease nor of this bloud letting Euerie man knowes in what credit hee was in the Consistorie to haue his intention approued and likewise in the Conclaue for the election of Popes Hee held Rome by the lâ—aire and the throat This is spoken for the pensions of Cardinals which are at the deuotion of Spaine being in his power to famish it refusing the commodities which they may draw at need out of his estates which inuiron it As he honoured the Pope so did hee much esteeme the Prelates of the Church and had a great care to preferre men of vertue and merit to ecclesiasticall dignities There was a great controuersie betwixt the archbishop of Valencia and the Viceroy to know to whome they should first present the Pax and the Censor the which hee ended commanding that hee that presented vnto his Maiestie should giue it first vnto the archbishop thinking that the honor that he did vnto Gods Ministers was an infinit glory vnto him and that a prince should affect no other commendation than the care and zeale of Religion when it is without dissembling or hypocrisie Hee did witnesse his zeale and passion in the seeking out of many râ—likes of Saints especially to haue the body of Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo His curiositie to find out â—elikes hauing to that end sent embassadors expresly to king Charles the ninth and to the Queene Mother who granted it contrarie to the aduice of the Cardinall of Lorraine Abbot of Saint Denis hee went to receiue it at Toledo and caused it to bee conducted to the Escuriall How much did he spend for the canonizing of Frier Diego of Alcala of the order of Saint Francis and of Frier Raymond of Pegnafort a Iacobin famous among learned men for that he gathered the decreâ—ales into one bodie and throughout all Spaine for that hee past like another Elizeus vpon his cloake from Majorca to Barcelona and that which is very rare in our age refused the Archbishopricke of Tarragone Wee find not any now that hide themselues in caues from spirituall dignities or that out off their nose and eares to make themselues incapable of church preferments which requires sound bodies and sanctified soules No affaires could interrupt him in the course of his deuotion and we in the relations of Antoniâ— Perez that hee did often referre the care of businesse to another day when he was preparing of his conscience or among his Monkes at the Escuriall He went bare headed in the procession of the Sacrament and being on that day at Cordoua some one did aduertise him En este dia no haze mal â—t Sol. that the Sunne was offensiue to whom he aunswered That the Sunne that day would doe him no harme Being a religious prince he loued no new religions He neuer receiued the Capuchiâ—s They of his house haue built many colledges of Iesuites in diuers places at Vienna in Austria at Tumant in Hungarie at Prague in Bohemia at Hal at Grats at Munch at Inspruke and he alone of his house is dead without any memorie of his bountie towards them Speaking against that great multitude of religions and the increase of regular Orders hee said That they should reduce the new to the auncient and maintaine those in the first integritie of their institution and that it was to be feared the world would abound more in religious Orders than in pietie Hee vsed them of Saint Dominicke in his confessions and in his other deuotions the Ieronimits to whom he gaue that rich temple of the Escuriall He did so respect Dominicke de Chaâ—es his Confessor as he caused him to be visited in his cell by the President of Castille when he was in doubt of any point of conscience or of penance He had a Councell of conscience for the direction of his enterprises Councell of conscience This Councell hath often drawne him out of many difficulties and hath freed him from the bond of his promises The historie of Portugall doth furnish a memorable example The duke of Ossuna and D. Christopher de Mora had promised mountaines of gold to them that should be opposit to D. Antonio and should fauour the kings right to the Crowne of Portugall He being expelled these men demaunded the effects of those promises and that their bills should be discharged The king commaunded that all should bee sent to the table of conscience Aduice of the king of Spaines Councell of conscience The Iudges payed them with this sentence Seeing that king Philip is heire to the realme of Portugall the petitioners could not compound for his right for money gifts or promises and haue deserued death for that they did not willingly yeeld it vnto him If the realme did belong to Antonio they could not then deliuer it And therefore king Philip is no way bound to performe those promises which his embassadors and agents had made vnto the petitioners But vsing his clemencie and mercie he freed them from the paine of death which they had vpon this occasion deserued As for his justice King of Spainâ— a seuere iusticer the example of his son is sufficient to shew his rigor It is true that in many actioÌ„s he hath proceeded more by his absolute power than by the ordinarie course These great motions cannot alwayes be ruled by the ordinarie formes nor subiect themselues to the judgement of reason nor to humane discourse Yet hee protested being neere his end That he had not done wrong nor injustice to any one but through ignorance or false impression It is an act of justice in a prince to suffer them to tell him of the vnjust actions of his gouernement It is true that it cannot be tearmed an act of justice to haue made his creditors so often to loose that which they had lent him nor to reduce the 18 millions of gold which
he did owe the Genouois to 12. His liberalitie hath appeared in recompensing the merits of many of his seruants His liberalitie He made his Schoolemaster Primat of the Church of Spaine as his father had aduanced his vnto the Popedom There are few such princes now that vse such requitals There are no more Alexanders That is 480000 crownes who gaue eight hundred talents to his Schoolemaster Arislotle Kings haue long hands but few haue them so large after this proportion The king of Spaine did neuer leaue any goodlie action either of learning justice or warre without reward Hee did not onely doe good vnto the good to make them better but also to the bad least they should grow worse But he did neuer aduance them hee loued to fauours disproportionable to their condition He did much for Ruy Gomes for the loue of his wife the princesse of Eboly Yet this liberalitie did neuer make a passage for him to great affaires He was verie circumspect in the distinction of great charges especially of such as concerned the administration of justice whereon as Plato said depends the safetie and ruine of an Estate And although that the earle of Chinchon being bred vp with him in his youth should haue expected more than any other yet he obtained nothing but what he held fit for his qualitie Honours ruine them that deserue them not He was woont to say That all stomackes were not fit to disgest great fortunes and that ill meat did not corrupt sooner and turne to bad humors than honour in a soule without merit As for his constancie against afflictions 〈…〉 for tune could neuer shake him In two diuers accidents happening at two diuers times he shewed the constancie of his mind and the equalitie of his affections neither puffing him vp insolently in prosperitie nor deiecting himselfe basely in aduersitie When the post brought him newes of the victorie of Lepanto His great moderation in prosperitie he thought to see him much transported with joy but hee made no shew of any alteration and hauing vnderstood the order and successe of the battell hee spake these words coldly D. Iohn hath hazarded much Now when another post did bring him newes of the losse of that great nauie at sea thinking it would haue plunged him into a gulph of cares and perturbations at the report of so fatall an accident hee was not a whit mooued His constancie in aduersitie saying onely That hee had sent it against men and not against the windes and waues Vulgar spirits are transported with choler at euerie crosse accident this vnmatchable losse doth not trouble this prince who continued his deuotion in his Oratorie Some other would haue torne his haire and haue whipt the Ocean as Xerxes did The duke of Medina Sidonia Generall of this armie sending to know his pleasure if hee would haue him come and giue an account of his charge he answered That hee should first goe home to his house to refresh and rest himselfe before he came to Court It were fit we should see the backside of this Medaile Vices of the K. of Spaine and speake something of the errours and vices of this prince as well as of his vertues seeing it is fit to speake all for examples sake yet it is not good to trouble the rest of the dead Nicons image ouerthrew him that strooke it with a staffe A dead stone did reuenge the injurie that was done vnto a dead man It is sufficient to say That as this prince was commended for many great vertues so hee was blamed in his youth of great dissolution to voluptuousnesse and a violent propension to crueltie These two vices doe seldome abandon one another Euerie voluptuous prince is cruell if necessitie constraine him This plague doth infect and blemish the glorie of vertues how bright soeuer they be in the life of a prince Victorinus might haue beene compared to the best Emperours yea hee should surpasse Traian in bountie Antonine in clemencie Nerua in grauitie Vespasian in sparing of his treasure Pertinax and Seuerus in the integritie of his life and in the seueritie of militarie discipline but all these vertues were so quencht by voluptuousnesse as no man durst speake vnto him The king of Spaine hath put many to death in the excesse and first fits of his choler King of Spaine 〈◊〉 and distrustfull He was as suspitious distrustfull and cruell as euer any was He did not allow the prince his sonne to speake with the Infanta his daughter but by permission and in the presence of their gouernors The jealousie of Soueraigne power makes no distinction of person nor spareth not his owne bloud as appeared by his owne sonne and Sultan Solyman caused his sonne Mustafa to bee strangled for that the Ianizaries made great acclamations of joy at his returne from the warres of Persia. Some write of him That besides the aboue named vices he was fearefull doubtfull close and a dissembler ambitious and proud beyond the condition of man and nothing religious of his word in matters of Estate the duke of Vilhermosa and the marquesse of Fuentes are good witnesses he put them to death after that he had pardoned them the reuolt of Arragon And those words which he spake in his last instruction to his sonne speaking of the Low Countries doe verifie it It is true said hee I haue giuen them to your sister but it imports not you haue an hundred â—â—asions which you may vse in time His ambition appeared in that he affected the Empire by all possible meanes which not able to obtaine he sought the title of Emperour of Spaine yea some write That he was resolued to goe vnto the Indies to take vpon him the title of Emperour of America After all his ambitious proiects against Africke his attempts against England and Ireland and his intelligences with the Turkes Barbarians and Persians whom hee hath sought to diuide and to make vse of euen against Christian princes yet in the end he was forced to confesse That all the power and pompe of this world was meere vanitie He had foure wiues but he was vnfortunat in the first the which was Marie princesse of Portugall His wiues and children who bare him one sonne whose name was Charles but his life was short and vnfortunat and his end violent being charged by the Inquisition to haue thought ill of the Faith and to haue had intelligence with Chastillion Admirall of France and with the prince of Orange touching the Low Countries His second wife was Marie queene of England by whom hee had no issue His third was Elizabeth of France surnamed by the Spaniards the Queene of Peace who brought him two daughters the Infanta D. Isabella Clara Eugenia now Archduchesse of Austria and Ladie of the Low Countries and the Infanta D. Catherina Michelle who was duchesse of Sauoy His fourth wife was Anne of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian and his owne neece
of day some of the English troupes aduance hee made a stand and then retired to the body of their armie The Lord Deputy giuing the charge of the camp to Sir George Carew then L. President of Munster to attend the Spaniards within the towne hee drewe forth part of his forces beeing about foure hundred horse and a thousand and two hundred foot and hearing that the enemie retired disorderly Rebels and Spaniards defeated in Ireland hee aduanced towards them who still retired with feare In the end omitting euery particular circumstance touching the marshalling of the English armie to them that write that historie they ouertooke the rebells charged them and put them to rout The Spaniards being abandoned by the Irish were almost all slaine D. Alonso d' Ocampo their colonell with three Captaines sixe Alferez and fortie souldiers were taken prisoners There were found of Irish onely twelue hundred bodies dead vpon the place and about twelue hundred hurt whereof many died that night The rebels lost two thousand armes which were brought forth all their munition their drummes nine ensignes whereof sixe were Spanish the English had but one man slaine and not aboue tenne hurt Thus they got a miraculous victorie to the great honor of the Lord Deputie and of all that commanded vnder him After this glorious victorie the Lord Deputie posted that present day vnto the camp lest the Spaniard should haue made some sally in his absence but they had not attempted any thing the next day he commaunded the approaches vnto the towne should be aduanced nearer But after fiue or sixe daies worke D. Iohn d' Aquilar who commanded the forces within the towne offered to parle and sent a drumme with a letter sealed vp to the Lord Deputie by the which he demaunded that some men of qualitie and sufficiencie might be sent into the towne from his Lordship to conferre with him whom hee would acquaint with such conditions as hee then stood vpon whereunto the Lord Deputie condescended imploying sir William Godolphin in that busines the which was managed after this maner according to the originall D. Iohn told sir William D. Iohn d' Aquilars speech that hauing found the Lord Deputie whom hee termed Viceroy although a furious and powerfull yet an honourable enemie and the Irish not onely weake and barbarous but as he feared treacherous friends he was so farre in his affections reconciled to the one and distasted with the other as it did inuite him to make an ouerture of such a composition as might be safe and profitable for the state of England with least preiudice to the Crowne of Spaine by deliuering into the Viceroyes power the towne of Kinsale with all other places in Ireland held by the Spanish so as they might depart vpon honourable termes fit for such men of warre as are not inforced by necessitie to receiue conditions but willingly induced vpon iust respects to disingage themselues and to leaue a people by whom their king and master had bin so notoriously abused if not betrayed That if the Viceroy liked to entertaine further parley touching this point he would first be pleased to vnderstand them rightly and to make his Propositions such as might be sutable to men throughly resolued rather to bury themselues aliue and to indure a thousand deaths than to giue way to one article that should tast of basenesse or dishonor being so confident of their present strength and the royall succors of Spaine as they should make no doubt of yielding a good accompt of themselues and of their interest in this kingdome but that a just disdaine and splene conceiued against the nation dissuaded them from beeing farther ingaged for it than of necessitie they must Sir William Godolphin hauing charge from the Lord Deputie only to receiue D. Iohns propositions and demaunds hauing made this relation to his Lordship and the Councell he was sent backe by them with this answer following That although the Lord Deputie hauing lately defeated their succours Answer from the Lord Deputie to D. Iohn did so well vnderstand his owne strength and their weakenesse as it made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a short time whom hee knew to be prest with vnresistable difficulties how much soeuer they laboured to couer and conceale them yet knowing that her sacred Maiestie out of her gratious and mercifull disposition would think the glorie of her victorie blemished by a voluntary effusion and obstinate expence of bloud was content to entertaine this offer of agreement so as it might be concluded vnder such honourable Articles for her Highnesse as the aduantage she had against them gaue reason to demaund The which were the same that are set downe in the Articles of Agreement following signed by the Lord Deputie D. Iohn and others sauing that there was an Article more in them for the leauing of his treasure munition ordnaunce and the Queens naturall subiects to her disposition all which points he did peremptorily refuse Protesting that both he and all his would rather indure the last of miseries than be found guilty of so soule a treason against the honor of his prince and the reputation of his profession although hee should find himselfe vnable to subsist much more now when as hee might not onely hope to sustaine the burthen of the warre for a time but with patience and constancy in the end ouercome it That hee tooke it so ill to be misunderstood in hauing articles of that nature propounded vnto him as were they but once againe remembred in the capitulation the Viceroy should from thenceforth vse aduantage of his sword and not the benefit of his former offer adding that the Viceroy might rather thinke to haue made a good and profitable purchase for the realme of England if with the expence of two hundred thousand ducats hee had procured D. Iohn to quit his interest and sooting but in Baltemore alone speaking nothing of Kinsale Castel-hauen Beerhauen for said he suppose that all wee with the rest of our places here had perished yet would that Peninsula being strong of its owne nature bettered by our art and industrie furnished as it is with victuals munition and good store of ordnance preserue vnto the king of Spaine a safe and commodious Port for the arriuall of his fleet and bee able to maintaine it selfe against a Land armie of tenne thousand vntill Spaine being so deepely ingaged did in honour releeue them which would drawe on a more powerfull inuasion than the first being vndertaken vpon false groundes at the instance of a base and barbarous people who in discouering their weakenesse and want of power haue armed the king my master to relie vpon his owne strength being bound in honour to relieue his people which are ingaged and to cancel the memorie of our former misfortunes But this is spoken said he in case the Viceroy be able to force this town as I assure my selfe hee cannot hauing vpon mine honour
come out of Nauarre 664 Factions in Castile after the Kings death 668 Family of Estuniga and Suniga come out of Nauarre 680 Factions in Guipuscoa and Biscay 737 Factions of Beaumont and Gramont 753 Factions in Biscaie 822 Famine in Perpignan 847 Family of Peralta 882 Faction of Beaumont in the Court of Nauarre 904 Faction against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Famagosta beseeged by the Turkes 1159 yeelded vnto them 1162 Fayal and the other Ilands yeelded to King Philip 1228 Fertility of Sardinia 21 Fertility and riches of Spaine 25 D. Fernand Gonsales first Earle of Castile 200 he is surprized in Nauarre detayned prisoner 205 D. Fernand King of Castile assignes portions to his children 223 Fernand King of Leon puts away his wife 325 Feast of Triumphus Crucis in Spaine after the victory of Muradal 343 Fernand called the holy proclaimed King of Castile 353 Fernand Dias de los Camâ—ros a concussionar and a rebell 359 Fernand of Castile takes possession of Leon. 364 D. Fernand brother to the King of Castile refuseth the realme of Castile 669 he pretends a title to the Crowne of Arragon 675 hee is chosen and crowned at Saragossa 677 D. Fernand of Portugall a prisoner in Barbary 713 D. Fernand K. of Arragon promiseth the Moores liberty of conscience 905. he fauours Amand of Albret against the French King 929. he is hurt at Barcelona 947 he proues vncharitable 950 he is desirous to get the realme of Nauarre 962 he retyres into Arragon 881 he enters Naples 882. his last will 882. his last will reformed by the aduice of his counsell 921 his death 922. Fernando Cortes voyage to the Indies 876 hee is depriued of his gouernment of Mexico 1006 Fernand Infant of Spaine borne 979 Fez wonne by the Xeriffe Mahomet 1189 hee abandons it to the Turkes 1192 Fire from whence the Pyrenees tooke their name 15 Fight at sea betwixt Lelius and Asdruball 72 Fire kindled in the Queene of Castiles haire by the Suune beames 778 Fight at sea betwixt the French and Genoueses 863 Fleet of Christians at Messina 1163 Flatterers cause D Sancho to rebell against the King his brother 203 Force of an army should be of natural subiects 46 Forces against Sertorius in Spaine 110 D. Fortune King of Nauarre makes him-selfe a Monke 198 Foundations of Monasteries by the Princes of Spaine 217 Fort of Nauarret built 328 Forces of the Knights of Saint Iames 310 Foundation of Bilbao 444 Forme of the King of Nauarres othe to his subiects 626 Fontarabie beseeged and the seege raised 856 Fort built by the Spaniard on the firme land at the Indies 890 Forts demanteled in Nauarre 932 Forts built in Affricke 916 Fontaraby taken by the French 966 recouered by the Spaniards 972 Forces of the Emperor Charles at his going to Tunes 987 Forces of Barberoussa in Tunes 988 Fort built at Diu by the Portugals 997. beseeged by the Turkes 998 Fort built by the Spaniards in the Island of Gerbe 1088. beseeged and taken by the Turkes 1093 Fort built at Tunes taken by the Turkes 1174 Forces sent into Ireland by the Pope and king of Spaine 1219 Friends farre off are flow to succor 38 Friend tried at need 109 French invade Gaule 130 French defeated in Spaine 139 Froila murthers his brother 174 French drawne into Spaine by the Moores diuisions 176 French defeated at Ronceual 181 Fraud of the king of Nauarre ill executed 287 French king sauors the king of Nauarre 300 Frederic of Arragon seizeth vpon Sicile 439 French defeated by the Cattelans in Greece 456 French succors frutlesse for Castile 615 Frederic Duke of Benauent a prisoner 647 Frederic duke of Arione dies in prison 698 Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile 708 French spoile Guipuscoa 856 Frederic Henriques confined into Sicile 887 Francis Phebus entreth into Nauarre and is poysoned 898 Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo 956. hee is made a Cardinal 884. his conscience foresight and magnanimity 892. hee is made Gouernor of Castile 924. his prouidence for the peace of Spaine ibid. his wisdome to maintaine his Authority 927. he is an enemy to the Genoueses 940. he is ambitious and impatient of iniuries ibid. he maintaines his authority resolutly 944. he is poisoned 952. his speech to the Infant D. Fernand ibid. his death and disposition 958 Frauget yeelds Fontaraby basely to the Spaniards and is degraded 973 Francis the French king taken at Pauia 974 Francis Pizarro murthered at Peru. 1027 Francis Drakes first voiage to the Indies 1172 Fury of Barbariens brutish 108 Funerals of Iohn king of Portugal 706 Fulminations of Pope Iulio against Lewis 12. 903 French defeated at sea by the Spaniards 1223 Forts built at the Terceres 1226 G GArdines of Valencia 27 Gaditains call the Carthag into Spaine 32 Gala father to Misinissa 45 Gaditains offer to yeeld vnto the Romaines 68 Galba a victor defeated by his rashnesse 98. hee is sent to suppresse the rebels in Spaine 119 Galicia made a kingdome 191 Garcia Earle of Castile murthered 229 Garcia king of Galicia dispossest 241 he is made a prey to his enemy by reason of his tiranies 242 Garcia Almorauid head of a faction 405 Gaston Earle of Foix succors the Nauarrois 500 Gardes set about the Popes pallace 664 Garcia Mendez of Badaios slaine at Burgos by the mutinous multitude 802 D. Garcia de Toledo in disgrace 1124 Galere taken from the Moores 1151 D. Geoffrey gouernor or Earle of Barcelona 186 Genealogy of Ouiedo and Leon. 195 Genealogy of Castile 200 Genealogy of Leon. 216 Generosity and bounty of king Almeuon to D. Alphonso the sixth king of Castile 246 Genealogy of Castile and Leon. ibid. Genealogy of Portugul 327 Geneueses of the Gibiline faction against the Arragonois in Sardynia 501 Girone beseeged by the French and taken 428 Girdle inchauted 535 Girone a principality for the eldest sonne of Arragon 542 Gijon yeelded to the king of Castile and the Earle banished 654 Gibraltar taken by the Castillans 771 Gibraltar so called of Tariffe a Moore 154 Genoua diuided into factions 1178 Gold and siluer forbidden among the antient Maiorquins 21 God doth onely raise and ruine Estates 50 Gouernment of Spaine giuen to two Pretors 80 Gouernment of Spaine vnder the Emperours 117 Gouernor slaine by a peasant for his exacting 118 Ghospel preached in Spaine in Tiberius time ibid. Gothes inuade the Romaine Empire 126. they come out of Asia into Europe 127 Gothes Getes and Gepides all one ibid. Gothes made Arrians by the Romains 129 Gouernors ambitious and disloyal 135 Gothes defeated in Afrike by the Romains 139 Gothes kingdome in Spaine ruined 154 God not pleased with rebellion though the Prince be a tyrant 202 Gothike seruice changed in Spaine 254 Gothike Caracters abolished in Spaine 256 Gouernors appointed in Arragon for the young kings person 346 Gouernors among the Moores make themselues absolut Lords 354 Gouernment of Castile diuided betwixt the Queene mother and the Duke of
Pegnafiel 669 Gouernment of a woman cause of contention 719 Gonsalo the great captaine breakes his faith and promise 996. he is made duke of Terranoua Sessa 874. his is honored by king Lewis 12. 883 Gouleta taken by the Emperor 988. taken againe by the Turkes 1174 Gouernors made by D. Sebastian going into Affrike 1200 Gouernors of Portugal after Henries death 1207 Gretians Authors of lies 2 Gracchus victory against the Celtiberians 92 Gregory Bishop of Ostia Protector of Vines 265 Grecians defeated by the Cattelans 455 Greene crosse the badge of the Knights of Calatraua 676 Granado yeelded to the Kings of Castile 940 Greedines of the Flemmings gouerning K. Charles 945. Greatnes of the King of Spaines dominions 1095 Gun-powder an ancient inuention 8 Guadalquibir the Spring and course 16 Guipuscoa a member of the realme of Nauarre 201. Guifts to Elenor of England Queene of Castile in fauour of her marriage 315 Guipuscoa yeelded to the king of Castile 335 Guipuscoans enemies to the Nauarrois 500 Gifts of Henry the 4. king of Castile 753 Gouernors draw king Philip into Portugal 1210 they seeke to dissolue the Estates ibid. H HAnno's voyage along the coast of Affricke 34 Hannibal sent into Spaine ibi he is made Gouernor of Spaine 36. he marcheth towards Italy 39 Hanno defeated by Scipio ibid. he is sent againe into Spaine 61 Hambroz the Moore betrayes the Toledains 180 Hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 326 Habit of the knights of Alcantara 355 Haro Lord of Biscay much honored by the king of Castile 429 Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and Don Alphonso of Albuquerque 532 Hatred among Courtiers cannot be reconciled but with the ruine of the one partie 701 Hatred of the Portugueses and Castillans 1210 Hesperus of whom Italy and Spaine are named 5 Hercules defeates the Curetes 9 Heauines in Gn. Scipio's army without apparent cause 47 Hermingild a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian 141 Henry of Lorrain the stemme of the house of Portugall 247. he is the fitst Earle of Portugall 258. D. Henry takes vpon him the title of king of Castile 566. he is defeated in battell 570. he is releeued againe by the French 572. hee is setled king of Castile 578. he is poysoned 596 D. Henry the 3. proclaymed king of Castile 628 Hermite an Impostor 644 D. Henry subdues his rebels ibid. D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ first discouered at sea 681 D. Henry Infant of Arragon depriued of his lands in Castile 684 D. Henry de Guzman drowned neere to Gibraltar 711. Henry Prince of Castile wonne by the Constables faction 726 Henry the fourth king of Castile giues his enemies meanes to make war against him 783. beeing destitute of all humane helpe hee hath recourse vnto God 784. he is degraded in effigie and his brother declared King of Castile 781. his patience ibid. hee oppresseth his trustie seruants and dares not deale with his rebels 796. hee is forsaken by his subiects 800 his indiscretion 803. his false oath 825. hee takes no cares for the succession of the Realme 841 Hermandades of Castile 828 Hernando Alraco beheaded 881 S. Herme at Malta taken by the Turke 1116 D. Henry king of Portugall 1204. his proceeding touching the succession 1205. his death and disposition 1207 Hypocrisie of the Infant D Sancho 417 Hypocrifie of the Inquisitors in Spaine 1123 Horses in Spaine 27 Hope and Despaire breed like effects at the seege of Sagunt 37 Honor and liberty animate valiant men 66 Hospitality of king Almenon a Moore 241 House of Biscay 313 Houses of Religion built by Alphonso king of Portugall being excommunicate 391 Hospitaliers enriched with the spoyls of the Templers 453 Houses of strength retreats for theeues ruines in Guipuscoa 740 House of Braganza in Portugall 776 House of Mendoza gouernes the Realme of Castile 797 Hospitall of S. Iames built for Pilgrimes 917 Hope of gaine makes vice remaine vnpunished 915. Hunger in the Emperors army at Alger 1005 Humanity of Metellus to poore innocents 100 Huns chase the Gothes out of their conquests 129 Humanity of the Gothes to the vanquisht Sueues 135. Humanity of King Hazen to a Christian his prisoner 214 Huesca taken and the Moores defeated 264 Humanity and modesty of a Moorish king 417 Hugh Iudge of Arborea murthered by his subiects 618. Humanity of Christians to banished Iewes 947 Husbandrie of Cardinall Ximenes 937 I IAen deliuered to the king of Castile 376 Iacobins first Inquisitors in Spaine 1120 Iberians gaue the name to Spaine 3 Idlenes makes souldiers insolent and mutinous 68. Idlenes and ease enemies to vertue 88 S. Iames taken by the Moores 21â— S. Iames of Compostella made an Arch-bishoprick 278. D. Iames king of Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew 428 D. Iames king of Maiorca slaine 525 Iew Collector of the kings reuenues slaine in Guipuscoa 774 Iewels and plate taken from Churches by the king of Castile 852 Iewes and conuerted Moores oppressed vpon slanderous reports 992 Iewes constrained to be baptized 958 Ignorance makes people subiect 30 Ignalada surprized by the Prince of Arragon 788 D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisoner 444 D. Iohn of Castile brings the Moores into Spaine against the king his brother 438 D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poisoned 537 D. Iohn of Abendagno murthered by the Lord of Biscay 539 D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the king of Castiles commandement 546 D. Iohn of Arragon in the king of Castiles presence 547 D. Iohn Master of Auiz aspires to the gouernment of Portugal 603. he is chosen king of Portugal 607. he cals the English into Spaine 613 D. Iohn de Pachâ—co gouerns Prince Henry of Castile 717 Iohn king of Arragon pawneth Roussillon to Lewis the French king 769. he is proclaimed an enemy to the country ibid. his clemency 1830. his second marriage ominous to the realme of Nauar 862. he giues the precedence to his son the king of Castile 864. his death 873 Iohn king of Nauar goes into Castile 962. hee is forced to retire into France 903 Saint Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards 1006 D. Iohn de Luna flies into France 1076 Iohn de la Valette great Master of Malta 1116 Islands about Spaine 3 Illiturgis beseeged by the Carthaginians 44. taken by Scipio 66 Illora yeelded to king Fernand. 917 Impiety of Valens 126 Impatiency of Thiâ—aud Earle of Champagne to reigne 366 Impiety of Manfroy Frederies bastard 389 Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugues de Prada 536 Imprisonment of the Master of Auiz 599 Imprisonment of D Pedro Maâ—rique 712 Imprisonment of Charles Prince of Viana 763 Impunity the nurse of all disorders 836 Impositions cause of troubles 1001 Imperial army landed at Alger 1003 Islands of Philippina discouered 1113 Imputations laied vpon the Duke of Alba. 1216 Indiscretion and rashnesse of Bostares 41 Infidelity of the Celtiberians 46 Integrity of Paulus Aemilius 86 Incounter of L. Bibius vnfortunat ibid.