Ytu This had no time prefixed but by Necessitie or Distresse And then the people prepared themselues thereto by fasting two dayes during which they did neyther company with their wiues nor eat any meate with Salt or Garlicke nor drinke any Chica All did assemble together in one place where no Stranger nor any beast might be admitted they had Garments and Ornaments which serued onely for this Feast They marched very quietly in Procession their heads couered with their veiles sounding of Drummes without speaking one to another This continued a day and a night The day following they danced and made good cheere for two dayes and two nights together saying that their Prayer was accepted Euen still they vsed one which is somewhat like this called Ayma with Garments onely seruing to that end and make Procession with their Dummes hauing fasted before concluding with good cheere And although the Indians forbear Sacrifices because of the Spaniards yet they vse many Ceremonies still which had their beginning from their ancient Superstitions §. II. Of the Funerals in Peru and the places adioyning and somewhat of the present estate of those parts THe Indians of Peru beleeued commonly that the Soule liued after this life and that the good were in glory and the bad in paine They vsed a wonderfull care to preserue the bodies which they honoured after death their Successors gaue them garments and made Sacrifices to them especially of the Inguas of whom wee haue spoken before In their bloudie Funerals the Women he loued best were slaine and multitudes of other Attendants of all sorts for his new Family in the other World and that after many Songs and drunkennesse They sacrificed to them many things especially young children and with the bloud they made a stroke on the dead mans face from one eare to another This crueltie is common through a great part of the East and West Indies as in their places this History doth shew you wittily auoyded once by a Portugall who was a Captiue and to be slaine at the Funerals of his Lord and hauing but one eye saw better to saue his life then if hee had both For he told them that such a deformed and maymed fellow would be a disgrace to his Master in the other life and so perswaded the Executors or Executioners if you will to seeke a new choice The Indians haue another Ceremony more generall which is to set meate and drinke vpon the graue of the dead imagining they did feed thereon At this day many Indian Infidels doe secretly draw their dead out of the Church-yard and bury them on Hils or vpon passages of Mountaynes or else in their owne houses They haue also vsed to put Gold and Siluer in their mouth hands and bosome and to apparell them with new garments durable and well lined They beleeue that the soules of the dead wander vp and downe induring cold thirst hunger and trauell and for this cause they vse their Anniuersaries carrying them clothes meate and drinke Pedro de Cieza reporteth that in Cenu in the Prouince of Cartagena which we here mention for proximitie of Rites rather then of place neere to a Temple built in honour of the Deuill there was taken forth an innumerable quantitie of Sepulchres more then a Million of them old and new Himselfe was there present Much treasure was found in the Graues Iuan de la Torre tooke forth of one Sepulchre more then fiue hundred thousand Pezoes The Great Men adorned their Sepulchres with Vaults and Towres and had with them interred their Women Seruants Meate Chicha Armes and Ornaments He addeth that the Deuill in the shape of some principall person deceased would sometimes appeare and shew them newes out of that other World how he liued and fared there And hence it seemes came that spoyle of so much wealth and so many persons for their Funerals But take heed Reader that you doe not beleeue it was the Deuill that was wont to appeare in some habit of afflicted soules and demanded Dirges and Masses for their manumission out of Purgatory Alas the Deuill was confined to the Indies and would neuer haue beene so good a Purueyor for the Popes Kitchin And certes if our Christian Ancesters had not their wiues and goods buried in their graues with Food Rayment and Ornaments yet these things were also buried with them whiles the feares of Purgatory made them willing to endow the Priests and Monasteries and bestow on Lights and other Rites that which should haue maintayned their Houses their Wiues and Children But how come we from Peru to Rome Nay how comes Rome if not from Peru as more lately discouered yet with Peru and with and from other Heathen Nations in the World in her manifold Ceremonies and Superstitious Rites as this Relation of Peru for their Confessions Processions and many other Rites will shew And one day I hope more fully to acquaint the World when wee come in our Pilgrimage to visit Christian-Antichristian Rome Worse Sepulchres then the former to returne to our American Historie were those which Herera mentions within fifty leagues of Popayan where the Husband hath bin seene to eate the Wife Father and Son Brother and Sister haue renewed a neerer proximitie and butcherly incorporation where Captiues are fatted and brought forth with Songs his members by piece-meale cut off and eaten whiles himselfe liueth and seeth it Since the inhabiting of Saint Iames of Arma they haue eaten more then eight thousand Indians and some Spaniards This our Author testifieth let vs a little view the present state of Peru that Los Reyes in twelue degrees consisteth of three thousand housholds it is one of the best Climates in the World not subiect to plagues hunger raine thunder but alwayes cleere It is the Seat of the Viceroy and Royall Councell and Inquisition Iohn Ellis which was partaker of Sir Richard Hawkins his Aduentre s saith that Lima is neere as big as London within the Wals the Houses are of Lome there are nigh an hundred thousand Negros it raineth not there but it doth within twelue leagues There are maintayned a hundred Horsemen and an hundred Carbines At Paricauo it is as cold as in England in Winter They passed to Cusco in those wayes before mentioned made by Guainacapa Cusco is now without a Wall as large as Bristoll At Potossi there worke neere an hundred thousand Indians brought in courses thither to the Mynes by the Casiques Betweene Cusco and Potossi is continuall Trade the Lords by the way will entertaine men with abundance of Plate and Guard if they like them with three or foure hundred Indians Imperiall Village of Potosi is in nineteene degrees it hath fiue hundred housholds of Spaniards and about fifty thousand Indians going and comming Alexandro Vrsiuo who sayth he liued in Peru thirty and foure yeeres and had trauelled thorow all the Kingdome hath written that in Potosi and Porto are
Almohades and had by him the Alcoran This Abdelmon or Abdel Mumen was he writeth the sonne of a Potter to whom Auentumerth a great Astronomer foretold his Royaltie To this Auentumerth did one Almehadi ioyne himselfe who interpreted the Alcoran contrary to the Bagdat Catholocisme and the interpretations of the Almoranides which then ruled in Africa whose helpe Abdel vsed to obtaine the Kingdome both of Africa and Spaine Hee buried Almohadi being dead very Royally not farre from Marocco where he is had in great veneration and prayers made to him and the followers of his sect called of him Almohadis To Abdel Mumen succeeded his Sonne Auen Iacob who being slaine in Portugall his Brother Aveniuseph succeeded and then his Sonne this Auen Mahomath with whom he saith were slaine two hundred thousand Moores the carkasses lying so thicke that they could scarce ride ouer them and yet in all the field no signe of bloud to be seene For two dayes space the Spanish Armie burne no wood for any vse but the Arrowes Launces and Pikes of the Moores burning of purpose and not onely for necessitie and yet scarcely consumed halfe With him perished the Almohades Thus farre Rodericus an eye-witnesse not much differing from Leo. I cannot omit that which Mathew Paris hath written of Iohn King of England about these times and in his owne dayes He sent saith he Thomas Herdinton and Radulph Fitz Nicolas Knights and Robert of London Clarke to Admirall Murmelius King of Marocco Africa and Spaine whom they commonly call Miramumelius to make offer vnto him of his Vassalage and that he would not onely hold the Land of him with payment of Tribute but would also change his Religion and accept the Mahumetan The Embassadours hauing declared their message the King or Emire Elmumenin to call him rightly shut vp the Booke whereon they found him reading and after a little deliberation thus answered I was now reading a Greeke Booke of a certaine wise man and a Christian called Paul whose wordes and deeds well please me this onely I like not that hee forsooke the Religion wherein he was borne and vnconstantly embraced another and the same I say of your Master God Almightie knowes that if I were without the Law and now to chuse This aboue all other should be my choise And then by diuers questions enforming himselfe better of the state of the Kingdome and of the King he grew into great passion and indignation against the King protesting that he thought him vnworthy to bee his Confederate and commanded the Embassadours neuer more to see his face The Author heard Robert of London one of those which were sent relate these things HONDIVS his Map of the Kingdome of Marocco MAROCCHI REGNUM §. II. Of the Kings of the Seriffian Familie ABout the yeere 1508 began to grow in name through Numidia a certaine Alsaique borne in Tigumedet in the Prouince of Dara beeing a subtill man and no lesse ambitious in minde then learned in those Sciences whereunto the Mahumetanes are most addicted Hee by confidence of his blood descended of their Prophet and of the diuisions of the States of Africa and the exploits there dayly atchieued by the Portugals attempted to make himselfe Lord of Mauritania Tingitana For this cause hee sent his three Sonnes Abdel Abnet and Mahomet to visit the Sepulchre of Mahomet Much was the reuerence and reputation of holinesse which they hereby acquired amongst that superstitious people which now beheld them as Saints and kissed their garments as most holy Reliques These failed not in their parts of the play to act as much deuotion as high contemplatiue lookes deepe fetched sighes and other passionate interiections of holinesse could expresse Ala Ala was their yernfull note their food was the peoples almes The old Father ioyning to see his proiects thus farre proceed and minding to strike whiles the Iron was hote sent two of them to Fez Amet and Mahumet where one of them was made Reader in the Amodonaccia the most famous Colledge of Fez and the younger was made Tutor to the Kings young sonnes Aduanced thus in fauour of the King and People by their Fathers aduice they apprehended the present occasion of the harmes sustained by the Arabians and Moores vnder the Portugals Ensignes they demanded Licence of the King to display a Banner against the Christians putting him in hope easily to draw those Moores to him and so to secure the Prouinces of Marocco In vaine were Mulley Nazer the Kings brother his allegations not to arme this Name of Sanctitie which being once victorious might grow insolent and forget dutie in minding a Kingdome They obtaine their desires and with a Drum and Banner with Letters of commendations to the Arabians and people of Barbary they are so attended with forces and fortunes that Ducala and all as farre as Cape de Guer stoopes to their command the people willingly yeelding their Tenths to this Holy warre against the Portugals enemies of their Faith Hereunto was added the ouerthrow which they gaue to Lopes Barriga a famous Portugall Captaine the brightnesse of that sun-shine being somewhat eclipsed with the losse of their elder brother if rather a Monarchie were not hereby furthered By faire words they entered into Marocco The Arabians of Ducala and Xarquia about this time trying their quarrels by dint of Sword in mutuall conflicts presented a fit occasion to the Seriffs to prey vpon them both their strength hauing made them weake and their weaknesse making the other strong And now did they begin to vsurpe soueraigntie presenting their Fessan King with sixe Horses and sixe Camels and those but simple whom before they had acknowledged their Soueraigne with payment of the fifths of their spoile The King of Fez before applauding his owne victories in theirs began now to distaste and to distrust hee sends to them to demand his fifths and the tribute also formerly paide him by the Kings of Marocco Death the common enemie of Mankinde here interposed her selfe on the Seriffian part and tooke the King of Fez out of the world the Scepter descending to his Sonne Amet the Scholler of the young Seriff who not onely proceeded not in his Fathers demands but confirmed Amet in the Signiorie of Marocco so that in some small matters hee would acknowledge the soueraigntie of Fez But now the Seriffs whose hearts continually encreased with their fortunes sent him word that being lawfull successours to Mahomet they owed no man tribute and had more right in Africa then he if hee would respect them as his friends and Allies so it were if otherwise they which had power to offend the Christian should not bee destitute in defending themselues The sword the vnequalle starbiter of equitie is now made vmpire the Fessan proclaimeth warres besiegeth Marocco is dislodged and in his returne vanquished Thus haue the Seriffs acquited themselues of that yoake and now intend new conquests on the other side of Atlas and in Numidia and in
name before mentioned you please to giue her which I know not how mystically is also called Cybele Berecynthia and with a confused mixture of Heauen and Earth THE EARTH Astaroth a word plurall is exemplified in the European Iunones mentioned in Inscriptions and in those altars in Master Camden and Master Selden inscribed DEABVS MATRIBVS diuers of which haue beene found in this Iland intended by them as were also the Beli which made vowes DIS SYRIS Lucian sayth that he saw also at Biblos the Temple of Venus Biblia wherein are celebrated the yeerely rites of Adonis who they say was slaine in their Countrie with beatings and wofull lamentings after which they performe Obsequies vnto him and the next day they affirme him to be aliue and shaue their heads And such women as will not bee shauen must prostitute their bodies for one day vnto strangers and the mony hence accrewing is sacred to Venus Some affirme that this ridiculous lamentation is made not for Adonis but Osiris in witnesse whereof a head made of Paper once a yeere in seuen dayes space comming swimming from Egypt to Byblos and that without any humane direction Of which Lucian reporteth himselfe an eye-witnesse This is called the mourning for Thamuz which Iunius interpreteth Osiris whence the fourth moneth commonly their Haruest is called Tamuz For Ists which instituted these rites was their Ceres Hierom interpreteth it Adonis but it seemeth the difference is more in the name then the Idoll or rites Women were the chiefe lamenters if not the onely as Ezechiel testifieth and the pronenesse of that sexe to teares and to superstitious deuotion also which they seeme to acknowledge whose praying stile is pró deuoto foemineo sexu likewise Ethnike Authors are witnesses Plutarch sayth the women kept the Adonia or feast of Adonis euery where through the Citie setting forth Images obseruing exequies and lamentation Ammianus reported of this festiuall solemnized at Antiochia at the same time when Iulian entred the Citie then filled with howlings and lamentings and elsewhere compareth the women which lamented the death of their young Prince to the women which obserued the rites of Venus in the feasts of Adonis Iulius Firmicus affirmeth that in most Cities of the East Adonis is mourned for as the husband of Venus and both the smiter and the wound is shewed to the standers by For Mars changed into the shape of a Bore wounded him for the loue of Venus Hee addeth that on a certaine night they lay an Image in a bed and number a set bead-roll of lamentations which being ended light is brought in and then the Priest anointeth the chappes of the Mourners whispering these words Trust in God for wee haue saluation or deliuerance from our griefes And so with ioy they take the Idoll out of the Sepulchre Was not this mourning thinke wee sport to the Deuill especially when this Adonia was applyed vnto the buriall and resurrection of Christ the Pageant whereof followeth the Good-Friday and Lenten fast of the Papists Yet is this worse then the former not onely because Corruptio optimi pessima the best things by abusing are made worst but also because the treason of Iudas and Peters deniall is proposed in action to the peoples laughter inter tot eachinos ineptias solus Christus est serius seuerus saith L. Viues complayning of this great wickednesse of the Priests magno scelere atque impietate Sacerd. but here and elsewhere often when he telleth tales out of Schoole the good mans tongue is shortned and their Index purgeth out that wherewith hee seeketh to purge their leauen But let vs backe from Rome to Biblos Hereby runneth the Riuer Adonis also which once a yeere becommeth red and bloudie which alteration of the colour of the water is the warning to that their Mourning for Adonis who at that time they say is wounded in Libanus whereas that rednesse ariseth indeed of the winds which at that time blowing violently doe with their force carry downe alongst the streame a great quantity of that red Earth or Minium of Libanus whereby it passeth This constancy of the wind might yet seeme as maruellous as the other if diuers parts of the world did not yeeld vs instance of the like In Libanus also was an ancient Temple dedicated to Venus by Cyniras Astarte or Astaroth was worshipped in the formes of sheepe * not of the Sydonians only but of the Philistims also in whose Temple they hanged the armour of Saul And wise Salomon was brought by doting on women to a worse dotage of Idolatrie with this Sydonian Idoll among others And not then first did the Israelities commit that fault but from their first neighbour-hood with them presently after the dayes of Ioshua This Sidon the ancient Metropolis of the Phoenicians now called Saito in likelihood was built by Sidon eldest Sonne of Canaan and fell to the lot of Asher whence it is called Great Sidon It was famous y for the first Glasse-shops and destroyed by Ochus the Persian This faire mother yeelded the world a Daughter farre fairer namely Tyrus now called Sur whose glory is sufficiently blazed by the Prophets Esay and Ezechiel being situate in an Iland seuen hundred paces from the shore to which Alexander in his siege vnited it whom it held out eight moneths as it had done Nabuchodonosor thirteene yeeres which long siege is mentioned in Ezec. 26.7 in nothing more famous then for helping Salomon vnder Hiram their King to build the Temple a hundred fiftie fiue yeeres before the building of Carthage This Hiram Iosephus reports it out of Dius a Phoenician Historiographer inlarged the Citie and compasses within the same the Temple of Iupiter Olympius and as he addeth out of Menander Ephesius therein placed a golden Pillar he pulled downe the old Temples and built new and dedicated the Temples of Hercules and Astarte Ithobalus Astartes priest slew Phelles the King and vsurped the Crowne He was great Grandfather to Pygmalion the brother of Dido Founder of Carthage The Phoenicians famous for Marchandise and Marinership sailed from the red Sea round about Afrike and returning by Hercules pillars arriued againe in Aegypt the third yeere after reporting that which Herodotus doubted of and to vs makes the Storie more credible that they sailed to the South-ward of the Sunne They were sent by Pharaoh Neco Cadmus a Phoenician was the first Author of Letters also to the Greekes At Tyrus was the fishing for purple not farre off was Arad a populous Towne seated on a rocke in the sea like Venice Alongst the shore is Ptolemais neere which runneth the Riuer Belaeus and nigh to it the sepulchre of Memnon hauing hard by it the space of an hundred cubites yeelding a glassie sand and how great a quantitie soeuer is by ships carried thence is supplied by the Winds which minister new sands to be by the nature of the place changed
the Ianizaries of Aleppo and Damasco but death stayed him not his rebellion which a younger brother of his prosecuted against whom Hassan Bassa was sent but lost himselfe and his Armie The Rebels besieged Angole and forced them to giue two hundred thousand Duckets to buy their peace Meane while the Ianizaries after their insolent manner in a mutinie forced Mahomet to commit the Capi-Aga one of his greatest Officers and some others to whom the successe of these Rebels was imputed to their cruell execution The Rebels sacked Burze one of the chiefe Cities the Turkes Store-house for his Warres and and Treasurie for his reuenues and the great Shaugh of Persia had taken Corberie also from the Turkes The Gouernour of Babylon inclined now also to the Rebels Mahomet not able with force to preuaile by faire meanes sought to winne them and gaue them their demands making Zellalie one of their Chiefetaines Bassa of Bosna Whereupon his men of warre entered into a resolution to depriue him of the State and to inuest therewith Mahomet his eldest sonne about which an Astrologian being consulted promised all happie successe vnhappie foole that knew not his owne approching ruine which Mahomet executed on him together with young Mahomet the Prince and fiftie other conspirators He sent forth a Fleet of gallies against the King of Fesse which hauing encountred with a tempest was forced with a great losse to retire to their former Port. The chiefe rebel making shew he would come into Europe as Zellaly had done Mahomet sent certain gallies to receiue him but hee receiued them and possessing himselfe of the gallies slew the men and mocked the Sultan Hassan a great Bassa ioyned himselfe also vnto them about such time as Tauris was againe recouered by the Persian All these disasters draue Mahomet to his deuotions for refuge accounting these crosses to be inflicted for his sinnes and therefore appointed publike Prayers in all the Mosques of his dominion and sent two Priests bare-headed and bare-footed to Mecca on pilgrimage to pray for him But not Mahomet either had no eares to heare this or else was so farre entreated as to be better acquainted with this great Sultan in the place of his eternall residence whither about the yeere 1603. Mahomet the Turke was by death soone after sent His sonne Achmat succeeded for his eldest was strangled in his sight He was buried in a faire Chappell by himselfe for that purpose built about fiftie foot square with foure Turrets or Steeples in the middest is his Sepulchre in a great Coffin of white Marble his Turbant at his head two exceeding great Candles of white Waxe standing but neuer burning the one at his head the other at his feet The floore is couered with Mats and faire Carpets on them Round about are like Tombes for his wiues and children but not so great and faire Diuers such Chappels there are neere to the Temple of Sophia as of his father Amurath with his fiue and fortie children entombed about him and of the other great Sultans two Selyms Solyman Baiazet Mahomet each hauing a faire Hospitall for the reliefe of the poore adioyning Some of the great Bassaes imitate the same No other Turkes are buried in the Cities but in the fields with stones laid ouer or set vpright fashioned with some resemblance of the head which beareth ensigne of his dignitie whether it be a man or woman with letters engrauen further to testifie the same §. IIII. Of ACHMET ACHMAT set a sure guard about his brother and to preuent the insolencie of the Ianizaries and Souldiers distributed amongst them two millions and a halfe and being fifteene yeeres old was crowned Emperour He is said in behauiour and resemblance much to resemble Mahomet the Great first Conquerour of Constantinople At the same time the warres in Transyluania had procured such famine that rootes herbes leaues of trees were their food yea a mother is said to haue brought backe into her wombe by vnnaturall meanes satisfying Nature her six children two men to eate their mother others to cut downe malefactors from the gallowes and eate them Horses Dogs Cats and such like were rarities to the poore and dainties beyond their reach And if the State can be made worse theeues by robberies and Souldiers by continuall spoyles in taking away their goods adde to their miseries Cicala Bassa is sent against the Asian Rebels and receiueth an ouerthrow the second time he reneweth his forces with renewing his fortunes namely the losse of thirtie thousand of his men The Persian recouered the Countrie of Sirvan and the Citie of Arusta with the Countrie thereabouts and all that from the daies of Solyman had beene taken from them except two or three places Hassan Bassa is sent against the Christians in Hungarie assisted with the Tartars alwayes readie to helpe the Turkes both because they are linked in marriages like in conditions and that huge Empire for want of heires male of the Ottomans is entailed to the Tartar Cham pay and spoile are no small motiues also to fetch them into these Expeditions Cicala Bassa is sent against the Persians but defeated with all his power by the Persian In Hungarie they doe more with their money to maintaine rebellions then with open force In the yeere 1605. a tumult arose among the Ianizaries in Constantinople and fiue hundred shops and ware-houses with two hundred Iewes and other persons to whom they belonged were burnt the Ianizaries enriched themselues with the spoile The Iewes haue made them Vaults made fire-free to preuent the like danger from the Ianizaries who are thought purposely to fire them sometimes and alway haue the office to quench it or pull downe houses in neere danger which they willingly protract or performe in places fittest for pillage Ignis ruina extinguitur the remedie no lesse then the disease Hungarie is at once vexed with forraine and ciuill warres the mutinous Christians doing more harme then the Turkes and the people flee into Polonia or the Mountaines for refuge The Rebels take great Townes yea they spoyle Stiria and Austria The German name growes odious to the Hungarian Botscay chiefe of the Rebels is assisted by the Turkes and called Prince of Transyluania all Hungarie in manner following his ensignes But the Rebels in Asia and the Persian exploits detained the Turkes from making vse of these occasions else likely to haue swallowed Hungarie and Austria both yet Pesth was before taken by them and now Strigonium Cicala Bassa is againe ouerthrowne by the Persian and with three hundred flieth to Adena The Bassa of Trebezond is sent to succour him but is discomfited and almost all his Armie slaine Achmat enraged causeth Cicala Bassaes house at Constantinople full of wealth and treasure to bee rifled Adena is yeelded to the Persian The Bassaes of Damasco and Aleppo had before fallen out taken armes Damasco had ouerthrown Aleppo in the field besieged him and forced him to composition Now
goat skins the haire thereof being dried in the Sunne one before and the other behinde embracing the bodie in forme of a girdle otherwise naked Winter and Summer They dwell without the Cities in Suburbs and Villages Thus vnder the colour of Religion they roame vp and downe and make no conscience to rob kill and murther if they finde themselues the stronger with a small Hatchet which they beare vnder their girdle all men of whatsoeuer Law or Nation They are fornicators and most detestable in that most detestable sinne of Sodomie For shew of holinesse they eate of a certaine herb called Matslach the violent operation whereof maketh them to become madde so as through a certaine furie they with a certaine knife or razor doe cut their necks stomacks and thighes vntill they be full of most horrible wounds which to heale they lay vpon them a certaine herbe letting it lie vpon their hurt vntill it be altogether consumed into ashes suffering in the meane time extreme paine with maruellous patience Thus do they imitate their Prophet Mahomet who through abstinence in his den fell into such a furie say they that hee would haue throwne himselfe from the top of it And therefore fooles and madde men are in great reuerence yea they account such for Saints and if such madde men strike or rob them they take it in good part and say they shall haue good lucke after it They erect stately Monuments ouer such mad mens graues as at Aleppo one Sheh Boubac who being mad went alwayes naked being dead they built a house ouer his graue where to this day saith our Author there are Lampes burning day and night and many of these Daruises there remained to looke to his Sepulchre and to receiue the offerings of such as come as many do euery weeke out of Aleppo If any be sicke or in danger they vow to offer money or other things to Sheh Boubac if they recouer The same account they make of one Sheh Mahammet a mad man yet liuing in Aleppo going naked with a spit on his shoulder Men and women will come and kisse his hand or some other part of his body and aske him counsell for they hold that mad mens soules are in heauen talking with GOD and that he reuealeth secrets to them And euen the Bassaes themselues wil kisse and consult with this Oracle Hard I deeme it to say whether is the mad man In a late victorie against the Christians they affirme that this Sheh Mahammet was seene in the field many thousand miles distant fighting against their enemies whom by his helpe they ouercame But to returne to our Daruises this our Author saith that oftentimes great Bassaes in displeasure with the Emperor will retire themselues into this Order as the Hospital and Sanctuarie of their diseased and dangerous state Their witnesse is of better account then any other mans although he were an Emir or of the kindred of Mahomet They liue of Almes as the other Religious doe which they begge in the name of Haly. They haue in Natolia a Sepulchre of a Saint called by them Scidibattal who say they conquered the most part of Turkie and about the place of the Sepulchre is an habitation and couent where aboue fiue hundred of these Deruises dwell and there once in the yeere they keepe a generall assembly in which their Superiour whom they call Assambaba is present and President their Counsell or Chapter consisting saith Menauinus of aboue eight thousand of their Order One of these Deruislars drawing neere vnto Baiazet the second as if he would haue receiued an Almes of him desperately assailed him with a short Scimatar which he closely hid vnder his hypocriticall habite But Baiazet by the starting of his horse afraid of this Hobgoblin auoided the deadly blow but not vnwounded neither had he so escaped had not Ishender Bassa with his Hors-mans Mace presently strucke downe the desperate villaine as he was redoubling his blow who was forthwith rent in pieces by the Souldiers Baiazet thereupon proscribed all them of that superstitious Order and banished them out of his Empire The like as Steptemcastrensis saith they had attempted against Mahomet his father in his youth while Amurath was yet liuing And in our daies Mehemet or Muhemet the great Visier Bassa who swayed almost wholly and onely their mightie Empire as appeareth in the Historie of that State in the dayes of Soliman Selym and Amurath and as Master Harborne relateth was esteemed to possesse two and twentie millions of gold was not assaulted only but murthered by one of these Deruislers For whereas it is a custome of the great men that at ordinarie houres all their Chaplaines or Priests assemble themselues in the Diuano there together mumbling their superstitions and this Deruisler ordinarily thither admitted vpon an old grudge for that Mahomet had before depriued him of a Souldiers place and pension when the Visier sate there to giue publike audience sitting right against him after his Mumpsimus finished the Visier reaching vnto him his wonted Almes he with a dagger closely before prouided stabs him into the breast and was therefore of Mehemets slaues with exquisite torments done to death In their great Counsell before mentioned there are young men clothed in white which tell the most memorable obseruations in their trauells which they present to the Assambaba in writing subscribed with their names On the Friday they vse after praier and eating the herbe Asseral to read the same with dances and after their dance which is about a huge fire made of as much wood as an hundred beasts can carrie they cut the skin of their armes legs or breasts engrauing some figure thereon whereto they after apply ashes and vrine In the doing hereof they vtter this speech This I cut for the loue of such a woman Vpon the last day of their Feast they take leaue of their Gouernor and depart in troupes like Souldiers with Banners and Drums and so returne vnto their owne Monasteries The Torlaquis by others called Durmislurs cloath themselues with sheeps and goats skins like vnto the Deruis aboue the same they wrap about them in manner of a cloake the skinne of a great Beare with the haire made fast vpon their stomacke with the legs vpon their heads they weare a white Bonnet of Felt folded with small plaits hauing the rest of their bodies altogether naked They also burne their Temples as the former A beastly generation For they know not nor will not learne to read write or doe any ciuill profitable act but liue idlely vpon almes roaguing thorow the Countrey alone and in troupes thorow the Desarts robbing such as they meet handsomely apparelled causing them to goe as they doe naked They professe palmistry and fortune-telling the people feeing and feeding them for such vanities And sometimes they carry with them an old man whom they worship as a God lodging themselues neere the best house of the
setled Empire an honour giuen after by the Easterne world to Alexander in like manner The Babylonian Kingdome was thus diuided and giuen to the Medes and Persians first to Darius by bloud and descent a Mede and after by conquest to Cyrus a Persian We haue large Fragments of Ctesias who was present in the battell betweene Artaxerxes and Cyrus as was Xenophon also who hath written the same at large collected and reserued by Photius who saith hee had read foure and twentie Bookes of this Ctesias his Persica in which hee much differeth from the reports of Herodotus professing that hee had either seene those things which hee writeth or receiued them of the Persians themselues He affirmeth that Astygas so he calleth Astyages was nothing of kinne to Cyrus but being by him conquered was first imprisoned and after inlarged and kindly intreated Cyrus taking his daughter Amytis her husband Spytama being slaine to his wife He subdued the Bactrians and tooke Amorges King of the Sacae prisoner But his wife Sparethra with an Army of three hundred thousand men and two hundred thousand women came against Cyrus and taking him and Parmyses the brother of Amytis prisoners in exchange of them redeemed her husband Amorges after this helped Cyrus in his warres against Croesus who the Citie being taken and his sonne which had beene giuen in hostage slaine before his face fled vnto Apollos Temple whence by Magicall illusions he made an escape and being taken againe and bound faster his bands with thunder and lightning were loosed whereupon Cyrus freed him and gaue him the Citie Barene neere to Ecbatana Cyrus after that warred against the Derbices who by the helpe of the Indians and Elephants ouerthrew Cyrus who receiued there a wound by an Indian whereof hee three dayes afterwards died But by helpe of Amorges the Derbices were ouercome and their King Amoraeus slaine with his two sonnes Cyrus before his death made Cambyses his eldest sonne his heire and Tanyoxarces his younger Lord of the Bactrians Choramnians and Parthians and set Spytades sonne of Spytama ouer the Derbices He reigned thirtie yeeres §. II. Of the succession of CYRVS and of CAMBYSES CAMBYSES Ctesias addeth in his twelfth Booke sent his fathers bodie into Persia He warred vpon Egypt and sent Amyrtaeus the King with sixe thousand Egyptians Captiues into Susa hauing slaine fiftie thousand Egyptians and lost seuen thousand and two Persians In the meane time Sphendadates one of the Magi being corrected by Tanyoxarees for some offence accused him to Cambyses his brother who caused him to die with a draught of Buls bloud deceiuing his mother and his brothers followers as if hee had put the Magus to death for that slander And so neerely did they resemble each other that Sphendadates was sent to the Bactrians where fiue yeeres after the mysterie of this iniquitie was detected by Tybetheus an Eunuch by him chastened vnto Amitis who when shee could not obtaine him of Cambyses to punishment poysoned her selfe Cambyses after hee had reigned eighteene yeeres died at Babylon of a wound which he had receiued in his thigh by whitling a sticke to passe away the time hauing receiued before direfull presages of this disaster in his sacrifice not bleeding and Roxane bringing him forth a sonne without a head Bagapates and Artasyras his chiefe Eunuches procured the Kingdome to the Magus reigning with the name of Tanyoxarces till Ixabates detected him who fleeing into a Temple was drawne thence and slaine But seuen chiefe men Onophas Idernes Norodabates Mardonius Barises Ataphernes and Darius sonne of Hystaspes conspired against the Magus and by the helpe of Artasyras and Bagapates slew him in his bed-chamber hauing reigned seuen moneths ordaining the solemne festiuall Magaphonia in remembrance thereof Darius being mounted to the Throne by the neighing of his Horse as these Princes had before agreed built him a Sepulchre in his life time in a Hill which when hee would haue seene the Chaldaeans forbade him and his parents curious of that sight were let downe by the Priests with ropes but they terrified by the sudden sight of Serpents let goe their hold and Darius for that losse of his parents slaine in the fall cut off the heads of the Priests in number fortie He marched with eight hundred thousand men into Europe against the Scythians but returning with losse dyed after hee had reigned one and thirtie yeeres But before we follow Ctesias any further let vs see what the common report by Herodotus and others hath deliuered of these proceedings and let the iudicious Reader chuse whom hee wil embrace Scaliger and others rather follow Herodotus who relateth of Cambyses that succeeding his father hee tooke and after slew Psammenitus King of Egypt And when hee would haue added Aethiopia to his new Conquests with the spoiles of the Temple of Ammon for which purposes he sent two Armies the one was almost consumed with famine the beasts and prouisions failing and that barren desart denying grasse the remainder by consuming one another were a strange remedie preserued from consumption euery tenth man being by lot tythed to the shambles and more returning to their fellowes mawes then on their owne legs The other Armie was quite buryed in the sands At his returne finding the Egyptians solemnizing the feast of their Idoll Apis hee slew the same it was a Bull which they worshipped and after dreaming that Smerdis reigned hee sent and slew his brother which was so called in vaine seeking to frustrate this presage which was fulfilled in another of that name He fell in loue with his sister and asking whether it were lawfull for him to marry her the Iudges whose authoritie with the Persians lasted with their liues answered that they had no such law but they had another that the King of Persia might doe what him liked whereupon hee marryed her His crueltie appeared in that Prexaspes presuming to admonish him of his too much inclination to drunkennesse he answered he should see proofe of the contrary and presently sending for Prexaspes his sonne with an arrow shot him to the heart the father not daring but to commend his steadie hand and Art in shooting He dyed of his owne sword which falling out of his scabberd as hee mounted his horse killed him not fearing in this Countrey of Syria any such disaduenture because the Oracle of Latona in Egypt had told him he should dye at Ecbatana which he vnderstood of Media and was fulfilled at another Ecbatana more obscure in Syria Hee caused a Iudge which had beene corrupted with money to be flayed and made of his skin a couering for the Tribunall Polyoenus tels That against the Egyptians hee vsed this stratageme to set the gods dogs cats sheepe c. in the fore-front of his battell He neither deserued nor obtained that honourable funerall which Cyrus had who was buryed at Pasargadae a Tower shadowed with trees hauing in the vpper part a Chappell furnished with a
hee appointeth with twentie thousand Horse and two hundred and fiftie thousand Foot The Country is compassed with the high Hills of Iangoma Brema or Brama and Aua and is it selfe plaine in situation and fertilitie caused by inundation like to Egypt The Lai are tributaries to Siam for feare of the Gueoni Caniballs and Man-eaters liuing in the Mountaines adiacent against whom the Siamite defendeth them and inuaded those Gueoni one time with twentie thousand Horse two hundred and fiftie thousand Footmen and ten thousand Elephants for Carriages and Warre Caesar Frederike reporteth That in the yeere 1567. the King of Pegu besieged the King of Siam his chiefe Citie with an Armie of one million and foure hundred thousand men and lay before it one and twentie moneths and had fiue hundred thousand fresh Souldiers sent him in supply end yet had not preuailed if treason had not more furthered his designes then force The gates were one night set open and the Peguans entred which when the Siamite perceiued hee poysoned himselfe leauing his children and Kingdome a prey to the Conquerer whose triumphall returne Fredericke then in Pegu beheld Since that time the Kings of Siam haue been tributaries to Pegu After this Peguan had reigned seuen and thirtie yeeres he left his Kingdomes but not his fortunes to his sonne who taking displeasure against the Siamite his vassall sent for him to come to him which hee refused And therevpon he entred into his Country with nine hundred thousand men and besieged him in his chiefe Citie which hee seeking politike delayes made semblance still to deliuer vntill in the third moneth after which was March the Riuer ouerflowed the Countrey sixe score miles about after his yeerely custome and partly drowned partly committed to the Siamites attending in Boats for this booty to be slaughtered that huge Army of which scarce threescore and ten thousand returned to Martavan and those without Elephants and Horses And when the King of Pegu proceeded in his attempts with like successe the Siamite at last besieged him in Pegu his royall Citie Ann. 1596. But hearing a rumor of the Portugals comming to helpe him hee raised his siege These are the reports of Franciscus Fernandes a Iesuite Of the Peguan we shall speake more in the next Chapter Peter Williamson Floris a Dutchman which liued long in the East Indies employed first by his Countrey-men afterwards by the English hath giuen vs the latest intelligence of these parts When Siam saith he was tributarie to Pegu the two brothers sonnes to the King of Siam brought vp in the Court of Pegu made an escape home Where the eldest called in the Malaya tongue Raia Api that is fierie King by others the blacke King had such successe against Pegu as yee haue heard and Pegu falling raised himselfe to high fortunes subiecting the Kingdomes of Camboia Laniangh Lugor Patane Tenesary and diuers others This victorious King deceased Ann. 1605. and dying without issue left the Throne to his brother which was termed the White King of peaceable and milde disposition He lying on his death-bed Anno 1610. by the instigation of Iockrommeway one of his principall Lords who sought to deriue the succession vpon himselfe caused his eldest sonne to be slaine being a young man of great hope Yet his brother the second son succeeded and gaue Iockrommeway his desert This man had besides other slaues two hundred eightie Iapanders which to reuenge their masters death ran in ioynt furie to the Court and possessed themselues of the young King whom they compelled to commit vnto their massacring hands foure chiefe men as the authors of their masters death and after many other abuses forced Him to subscribe to a composition of their owne making and to giue them some of the chiefe Palapos or Priests for hostages and so departed with a great treasure vsing much violence at their departure the Siamites as meere spectators daring nothing to the contrary The King of Siam sent to the Iapanian Emperour to complaine of this insolence who promised to send these Iapanians to Him there to receiue their due punishment Generall Saris then in Iapan saw the men going to the Court as hee came from thence Vpon this newes the Kingdomes of Camboya and Laniangh rebelled and also one Banga de laa a Peguer who in the yeere 1613. reuolted to the King of Aua and came to him with fifty thousand of his country-men before subiect to the King of Siam The King of Laniangh made also an Expedition into Siam within three dayes iourney of Oudija hoping to find the Countrey still intangled with the Iaponian slaues but was met by the King of Siam and forced to retire But the report was saith hee that the two Kings had combined in league against the Siamite to dispossesse him being then of two and twentie yeeres which yet without intestine rebellion they are not able to effect On August the fourth 1612. the English arriued at Siam the town being thirty leagues vp the riuer Septemb. seuenteenth they had audience of the King who granted them free trade and a faire house The Country at this time of raining was couered with water October the twentie six they had such a storme that old folkes had not seene the like which besides other harmes blew downe the Kings fathers faire Monument Their ship was neere a wrack but by great care and paines was saued fiue of the company being drowned of which they supposed one to be deuoured of a Whale The Kings in the Indies are all Merchants none at Siam might buy any commodities till the King had first serued his owne turne §. III. Of the Kingdome of Malacca MAlacca is now subiect to the Portugals if not since our last intelligence taken from them by the Kings of Achin and Ior who held it in siege as the same went conquered by Alphonsus Albuquerke or Albiecher so King Emanuel in his Letter to Pope Leo containing all this exploit termeth him who was their greatest Conquerour in the Indies subduing more to that scepter then all before him or since Iohn de Barros relates at large the founding and proceeding of this City who writes that some two hundred and fiftie yeeres before the Portugals arriuall in the Indies it was first founded Anciently Cingapura was the chiefe place of trade habitation in all that coast which lies in the most Southerly point of all Asia about halfe a degree North from the Aequinoctiall then resorted to by the Merchants of China Camboia and the rest of the continent many Ilands to the East and West which they called Dibananguin and Atazanguin that is Leuant and Ponent or vnder the winds West and beyond the winds East all the Nauigation in those parts being by the Monsons or certaine winds which obserue their set seasons of the yeere In those times reigned in Cingapura one Sangesinga and in the neighbouring parts of Iaua one Paraerisae who dying left to
reckoning but a few Puts where Fisher-men dwell and a few Villages within Land This is the Centre of the Easterne Traffique They are proud of their language which some say was deuised by the founders wherein they deuise many Sonnets and amorous Poesies The Malayos of Country-people goe naked with a cloth about their middle and a little roll of cloth about their heads Lodouico Barthema who was there before the Portugals knew it supposed that here arriued more ships then in any Citie in the world The Riuer Gaza neere thereunto is more after his reckoning then fifteene miles ouer The people in the Countrey lodge in Trees for feare of Tygres It is strange that Barros writes of these Tygres that in the height of eight yards they will reach and deuoure men their chiefe preseruatiues against them are their night fires the multitude is such that many enter by night into the Citie for prey of which hee tels that after the Portugals had taken it that a Tygre leaped ouer a high wall and carried away three slaues tied to a piece of timber together with the wood leaping againe vpon the wall with admirable lightnesse The Countrey being barren the Citie abounded neuerthelesse with plentie of necessaries exceeding those places whence they were brought After that Alphonsus Albuquerke had conquered Malacca the Moores dispossessed there seated themselues in diuers places along the coast some of them vsurped the title of Kings §. IIII. Of Patane and the neighbouring petie Kingdomes PAtane is a Citie Southwards from Siam chiefe of that Kingdome whereto it giueth name in the height of seuen degrees The buildings are of Wood and Reed but artificially wrought The Mesquit for many of them are Mahumetanes is of Bricke The Chinois are more then the natiue Inhabitants They are of an Ash-colour They vse three languages the Malayan which to them is naturall the Sian and Chinan The first is written like the Hebrew from the right hand the second like the Latine from the left and almost in like Characters the third from the right to the left with a descent from the top to the bottome The Chinois haue Idolatrous Temples and so haue the Sians wherein are many golden statues the Priests which attend them are clothed in yellow They haue sacred youths which are their Oracles The people when they enquire of them sit a conuenient distance from the Images and obserue the young mans gestures who with his haire disheuelled lyeth prostrate before the Idoll singing and playing on Instruments vntill he arise and standeth vp For then as possessed of the Deuil he runneth vp and downe with a terrible countenance and maketh a stirre as if he would kill himselfe and them that stand by with a sword which he hath in his hand Then the people prostrating themselues request him to declare the Deuils Oracle and he answereth as pleaseth him his lies being accounted Oracles Adulterie is here a capitall offence the father of the malefactor being the Executioner or his next kinsman if he be dead yet is this vice common notwithstanding this rigor by reason of the womens vnbridled lust The Kingdome hath bin gouerned many yeeres by a Queene who gaue good entertainment to the Hollanders Iames Neccij and his fellowes An. 1602. after their double misfortune and madnes which had befallen them the one in iest the other in earnest this at Macao in China where they were and knew it not and setting twentie men on shoare neuer saw them againe but heard that the Portugals had caused fifteen of them to be hanged the other at Auarella Falca in 11. degrees and an halfe where they found the Tract of Carts and footings of beasts but could not see a man nor shoot a beast They ghessed that the people liued as the Tartars wandring in Carts and Tents without any settled dwelling The place was by them called Sotternym by reason that many of their company had lost the vse of reason and became mad with eating a certaine fruit there growing like to Plums with a tender stone which continued till they had slept Had they knowne then the easinesse of the cure it had bin better then any Comedie to haue tickled their Splene and prouoked laughter to see one fighting against the enemies which assaulted him at his Cabbin to heare another with piteous shrikes crie out on the multitude of Deuils and Hobgoblins which affrighted him a third sees strange sights and cries out The ship is full of strangers and whiles one in more pleasing distraction enioyeth and ioyeth in that distracted pleasure the sight of God and his Angels another transported by this humoured Charon with dreadfull and gastly lookes and trembles at his supposed sights of the Deuill and his hellish associats It were a madnesse to relate how exceedingly this their madnesse was diuersified and how many Acts this Tragicall Commedie had till sleepe had dispersed those fumes wherewith that fruit had distracted their braines From thence as is said they came to Patane where the Queene entertained them in good sort and to their contentment As the difference of their writing in such neerenesse of dwelling is very much so no lesse is found in their Religions The Pataneans are Mahumetanes The Chinois and Siamites are Ethniks in that diuersitie of Rites which you haue heard Whiles the Hollanders were there one of those youths in that Propheticall dictraction before mentioned warned them to depart from thence for a great fire would otherwise consume them whereupon many forsooke their habitation and yet no fire happened They also saw the execution of their seuere Law against Adulterie on two noble Personages whose lewd familiaritie being detected shee chose to bee strangled and hee to bee stabbed the Law permitting them their choice of the kindes of death which by the fathers of the parties was executed on them In single persons it is accounted no crime And if a forreine Merchant come to trade there they vse to aske him if he need not a woman yea many young women offer their seruice and the price and time being agreed on she whom he pleaseth to chuse goeth with him to his house and in the day performeth the office of a seruant in the night of a Concubine but then neither of them may seeke change of pleasure without great perill The Siamites that liue here weare two or three balls of Gold or Siluer as bigge as a Tennis-ball in their yards as we shall after obserue in Pegu The Mahumetans weare them not The Queene keepes her selfe close at home among her women of which some may not marry but yet may doe worse others may hauing first obtained the Queenes licence It is seldome that shee is seene yet sometimes she rideth on an Elephant in Progresse for her recreation And for Elephants they haue a deuice to take them in this sort Some ride into the woods on a tame Elephant and when they espie a wilde
be the Reliques of the Tartarian conquests in those parts so Adelham is King of Iustice Neza in the Persian which Scaliger saith is of like extent in the East as Latine in the West is a Lance Maluco signifieth the Kingdome Neza or Nizamaluco the Speare or Lance of the kingdom So Cotamaluco the Tower of the kingdom Imadmaluco the Throne of the Kingdome c Nizamaluco is also called Nizamoxa which Xa or Scha is a Persian title signifying as Monsieur in France Don in Spaine and giuen by Ismael the Sophi and Tamas his sonne to all those Kings that would communicate in their Sect which Nizamoxa only yeelded to Other of them made shew but soone recanted Thus farre Garcias The Decan Kings being now ten or twelue make joynt warre against the Mogoll hauing one Lieutenant Generall which is Amber Chapu an Abassen slaue before mentioned out of Captaine Hawkins who hath many Lecks of Rupias in ready money and is Protector of the Kingdome of Amdanagar the titular King being a childe One Robert Iohnson an Englishman turned Moore and was entertained with much respect of one of the Decan Kings but died eight dayes after his Circumcision So were Robert Claxon and Robert Trally voluntarily robbed of that which they neuer had Faith and Religion and turned Moores The Decans dominians reach from the West Sea to that of Choromandel or very neere thereto The chiefe reason of their Mahumetan Religion was that Conquest by Nosaradin and his successors Moores that there are so many Kingdomes proceed from that diuision before mentioned §. III. Of the Banian and Cambayan superstitions THe Religion in Cambaya is partly Moorish partly Heathenish The Banians are many in Sinda and other Countries of the Mogol There are some thirty Casts of them in Sinda this is the Countrey which Indus last forsaketh inhabited by Boloches and Rasbooches and Banians the great Townes and Cities gouerned by Mogols These are of thirty different Sects which may not eate with each other They must also marry in their owne Cast Tribe and Sect and which is more in the same trade as the Sonne of a Barber with a Barbers Daughter These marriages are made when they be yong sometime almost before they be For when two women are pregnant the Parents will make a match betweene their Children if death or the sexe disappoint not When they are three or foure yeeres old the Parents which haue agreed on a match betweene their Children make a great feast and set this young couple on horsebacke a man behind each of them to hold them in their best clothes accompanied with the Bramenes or Priests and many others according to their state and so leade them vp and downe the Citie where they dwell and then to the Pagode or Temple After Ceremonies there done they come home and make festiuall cheere certaine dayes as they are able At ten yeeres of age they lie together The burning their dead is common to all their Sects They are of the Pythagorean or he was rather of their fancy which he learned of the Indians When the husband dies the wife shaues her head and weares her jewels no more so continuing till death Thus farre Master Withington M. Couert relateth that they haue God in pictures of stone hanging their Beades on the heads of the pictures and then with their faces towards the Sunne doe worship it saying all their comforts proceed from it I saw a Kow adorned with Iewels and a Vest of gold her head bedecked with garlands flowers and then being brought to a burial place where they vse to make Sermons they kisse her feet and teats and worship her I asking why they did so they answered that she was the mother of beasts brought them milke butter cheese and the Oxe to till the ground and lastly her Hide did make leather to make them shooes Moreouer they say she is blest by the Mother of God to be honored aboue all beasts Another writes that these Banians are the wisest Merchants in the East exceeding the Iewes very rich some worth 2. or 300000li. He addes that they pay a great summe to the Mogol to preuent killing of Oxen and when our men had shot a Turtle-doue through the wings they will giue a Riall of eight to redeeme and preserue it Generall Downton in his last Iournall writes that when they would haue obtained a Bazar or Market by the shoare answere was made that they might but not for Bullocks For the Mogol had granted his Firma to the Banians for a mighty summe yeerly to saue their liues For Souldiery these are but shadowes of men all their Fortitude smoking out in these superstitious speculations and therefore an easie prey to any Inuader So true a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue they sustained being metamorphosed and transanimated from men to blockes and liuing statues or to ghosts Beniamin Day nameth one of their Sects called Ash-men whose bodies being most part naked are couered with ashes whereby they looke like ghosts or dead men They liue idlely on reliefe not so much as begging One of these was in great account with haire hanging to his feet platted together his nailes fiue or sixe inches long Vertomannus is Author that they worship not Idols or Pagodes Others report That this way aad others they are exceeding religiously deuoted They obserue a strict kind of fasting which lasteth with some eight dayes with others fifteene twenty or thirty dayes in all which space they eate not a bit onely when they thirst drinke water One could not see when to make an end of this his penance till his left eye fell out of his head as both had done before out of his heart In Cambaia they had one Bramene in such reputation of holinesse and honour that they would salute him before they meddled with their worldly affaires One affirmed to this Iesuite That if his Bramene should command him to distribute all his goods to the poore he would doe it yea he would lay downe his life at his command On the eight day of Ianuarie i in that Citie were giuen in almes twenty thousand Pardawes which is in value about a Flemish Dollar one man had giuen fiue thousand thereof another three thousand another fifteene hundred The cause was because that day as their Bramenes affirmed the Sunne departed from Sur to Horte Of their Pilgrimages is spoken before some Eastward to Ganges some Westward to Mecca to wit the Moores not men alone but women also and because Mahomet hath forbidden all vnmarried women this holy Iourney they will marrie before they set forth and dissolue the same marriage againe after their returne Hereby they thinke to purchase merit with God I went one day sayth Pinnerus to the publike Hospitall which the Citizens of Cambaia had founded for all kindes of Birds to cure them in their sicknesse Some Peacockes were there incurable and therefore might haue
the mountaines which happily they atchieued Yea the Portugals wearied with the warres which they were forced to maintayne in defence of those places they held in Africa the expences so much surmounting the reuenue abandoned them to the Seriffs And now the want of enemies procured enmitie betwixt the Brethren who trying that valour against each other which before they had exercised ioyntly against their enemies the issue was that the younger in two battels hauing ouercome the elder and at the second which was Anno 1544. hauing taken him prisoner confined him to Tafilete Hee now sole Monarch of Marocco conuerts his forces against the King of Fez to try if he could bee his Master in the field as hee sometimes had beene in the Schoole and failed not of his attempt but hauing once taken and freed him the second time because he had broken promise he depriued him and his sonnes of estate and life He also by meanes of his sonnes took Tremizen which soone after was recouered from them by Sal Araes Vice-roy of Algier and Fez also added by an ouerthrow of the Seriff to the Turkes conquest who gaue the gouernment of Fez to Buasson Prince of Veles But he in an vnfortunate battell with the Seriff lost his life and state Mahomet going after to Taradant was by the way slaine in his Pauilion by the Treason of some Turkes suborned thereunto by the King of Algier of whom all but fiue in their returne were slaine by the people Anno 1559. Mulley Abdala the Seriffs sonne was proclaymed King Some write that by occasion of a Rebellion in Sus hee sent to the bordering Turkes for aide who first helped after murthered him and hauing sacked Taradant and ouer-runne the Countrey two moneths together were in their returne by the Mountainers cut off Mully Abdala hauing raigned fifteene yeeres dyed leauing behind him thirteene sonnes the eldest Abdala commanded the rest to be killed but Abdelmelech the second brother escaped into Turkie and Muley Hamet the third brother esteemed of a simple and quiet spirit not any way dangerous to the state was spared The other tenne were put to death in one day at Taradant where they had beene brought vp This Abdela dying left behind him three sonnes Muley Mahomet Muley Sheck Muley Nassar the two younger escaped into Spaine where Sheck is yet liuing and turned Christian Nassar returned in the foureteenth yeere of Muley Hamets Raigne and had almost driuen Muley Sheck then Gouernour of Fez vnder his Father to his heeles had not superstition more preuayled with Nassars followers then Allegeance For when Lent came his Souldiers would needs home to keepe their Easter at their owne houses for feare whereof Nassar hastily giuing battest was there slaine Abdelmelech before fled into Turkie now came backe with Turkish forces and got the Kingdome from Mahomet who fleeing or as others write sending for succour to Sebastian King of Portugall obtained it In the yeere 1578. Fiue thousand Germans were entertayned in the Portugall pay for the expedition and great forces were leuyed the Pope sending Stukely that English Traytor falsely termed Marquesse of Ireland with fixe hundred Italians to Sebastian who the foure and twentieth of Iune tooke Sea and the next day with a Fleet of one thousand and three hundred sayle or as Doglioni hath it setting in order his Armada of fiue hundred sayle and blessing his Royall Standard with thirtie sixe thousand Footmen and foure thousand Horse set forth towards Africa Where Abdelmelech being sickly had assembled an Armie of fifteene thousand Footmen and foure and fortie thousand Horse men On the fourth day of August they joyned battell and the Duke of Auero with his Portugals made a great impression into the Moores host which Abdelmelich labouring beyond his naturall force to withstand saued his people but lost his life not by the Sword of the enemy but by the weakenesse of his body deliuered vp to death His brother Hamet ruled the Armie as yet ignorant of what had befalne and made such slaughter of the Portugals that the Duke of Auero the King of Portugall and other great Personages there fell and Mahomet himselfe was drowned in fleeing ouer a Riuer Thus remayned Hamet victorious and at one time had the dead corpes of three Kings in his Tent Such is the furie of Waire the force of death trampling vnder foot the meanest and triumphing ouer the greatest Stukely among the rest receiued due wages for his treacherie and disloyaltie to his Countrey slaine out of his Countrey by the barbarous Barbarian To Abadelmelech was Master Edmund Hogan employed in Embassage by the Maiestie of our late Soueraigne Anno one thousand fiue hundred seuentie seuen and with all good Offices entertayned To Hament his Successour was from the same Sacred Maiestie sent Ambassadour Master Henry Roberts Anno one thousand fiue hundred eightie fiue who was there Lieger three yeeres This Muley Hamet in a Letter to the Earle of Leicester thus begins In the name of the mercifull and pitifull God The blessing of God light vpon our Lord and Prophet Mahomet and those that are obedient vnto him The seruant of God both mightie in warre and mightily exalted by the grace of God Myra Momanyn the sonne of Myra Momanyn the Iarif the Hozeni whose Kingdomes God maintayne Vnto the right famous c. In an Edict published in behalfe of the English hee stileth himselfe The seruant of the Supreame God the Conquerour in his cause the successor aduanced by God c. He flayed off the skin from the carkasse of Mahomet drowned in the battell as is said and filled it full of Straw and sent it through all Prouinces of his Kingdome for a spectacle He raigned seuen and twentie yeeres He sent an Embassage into England Anno a thousand sixe hundred and one performed by Abdala Waecad Anowne His people did so feare him that Abdala Creme his Customer hauing one onely Sonne who in an idle businesse and busie idlenesse would needs feed his curious eyes with the light of the Palace where the Kings Concubines were caused him to bee strangled before his face He gouerned the Alarbes which are supposed to bee of Arabian Race and said to vse the Arabike Language Inhabitants of the plaine and Champaine Countries of Marocco Fez and Sus in peace and subiection receiuing their tents duly paid The Brebers or Mountainers are the Natiues and ancient Inhabitants chased by the former into strong Cities and the Naturall Forts of Hils as our Progenitors serued the Britaines forcing them to the Mountaines of Wales and Cornwall a people of another Language called Tamaset and disposition whom hee could not so easily tame and therefore in policie hee drew them into forreine Expeditions especially against the Negros thereby extending his Empire so farre that way as by Camell it was sixe moneths iourney from Marocco to the extremest bounds Likewise he vsed them to goe with the Carauans
weapons and sometimes separate themselues and their families till time waste away their indignation and then returne yet are the fierce and politike in warre These Nations and the Susolas Comos Camoles Quitones and other Names of Barbarisme vse Tobacco and a drinke made of the leaues of certaine trees boiled with water and put vp into certaine vessels which they drinke as hot as they can endure crying meane-while Who will drinke And when the women heare this cry they suddenly stand still without stirring any way although they be laden they beleeuing that if any woman should then moue her selfe some euill thing would enter into the drinke whereof they must die soone after and therefore if any such accident happen they cast all away and likewise if a woman passe by whiles they are brewing it if the vessell be vncouered When the women haue their naturall fluxe they must be their owne Cookes but for no body else They haue some Men married to other Men being attired in habit of Women and performing onely womanly offices In some places as they passed their Physicians which commonly are in sauage Nations Magicians and Priests had rattles of Gourds which they suppose to come from heauen and to haue great vertue none other daring to touch them Some vsed for boiling wild Gourds not by putting fire vnder but by heating stones continually in the fire and putting them into the liquor till it seethe Some people on the Mountaines for a third part of the yeere eate nothing but a powder made of straw In some places were trees of such venemous qualitie that the leaues thereof in standing waters would poison whatsoeuer dranke thereof Some acknowledged a certaine man in heauen called Aguar who gaue them raine and all good things All these people as he passed with a Negro and two others after he had escaped some of his first Masters which held him in hard slauerie held them for children of the Sunne and therefore receiued them with great reuerence and festiuall pompe and conueyed them still to the next nation Westward towards the South Sea till they came to Spaniards alwayes vsing to rob those people to whom they deliuered them of their little wealth which departed from the same with the greater content because they serued the next people and so successiuely with like sawce They found some rich Sables of muskie sent and Emeralds They were out in this Expedition and captiuity ten yeeres before they could recouer Spaine from 1527. to 1537. §. IIII. Other Obseruations of Florida THese things following Ortelius saith he had from his Nephew Caelius Ortelius by the relation of an eye-witnesse The King giueth or selleth rather to euery man his wife If a woman commit adulterie she is bound to a tree her armes and legges stretched out all day and sometimes whipped A woman three houres after she is deliuered of a child carries the Infant to the Riuer to wash it They obserue no discipline in their families with their children They haue fleas which bite so eagerly that they leaue a great deformitie like a leprie after They haue winged Serpents one of which I saw saith Nicolaus Challusius the wings whereof seemed to enable it to fly a little height from the ground The Inhabitants were very carefull to get the head thereof as was thought for some superstition Botero saith that they haue three sorts of Harts and of one of them make the same commodities which we doe of our Kine keeping them tame and milking them The Spaniard hath three Garrisons on the coast of Florida S. Iacomo S. Agostino and S. Philippo They are much addicted to venery and yet abstaine from their wiues after conception knowne When Ferdinando Soto entred Florida he there found amongst the Indians one Iohn Ortiz a Spaniard which by the subtiltie of the people vnder colour of deliuering a Letter which they had fastened to a cleft Cane was taken and liued twelue yeeres with them Vcita the Lord of the place made him his Temple-keeper because that by night the wolues came and carried away the dead corps Hee reported that these people are worshippers of the Deuill and vse to offer vnto him the life and bloud of their Indians or of any people that they can come by and when he will haue them doe that sacrifice vnto him hee speaketh vnto them and tels them that he is a thirst and enioynes them this sacrifice They haue a Prophecie That a white people should subdue them wherein the French and Spanish haue hitherto failed in their attempts Soto hauing in his greedy hopes neglected the many commodities he might haue enioyed to finde greater was brought to such dumps that hee thereon sickened and after died But before he tooke his bed he sent to the Cacique of Quigalta to tell him that he was the Child of the Sunne and therefore would haue him repaire to him he answered That if he would dry vp the Riuer he would beleeue him And when he was dead because he made the Indians beleeue that the Christians were immortall the Spaniards sought to conceale his death But the Cacique of Guachoya busily enquiring for him they answered that he was gone to heauen as many times he did and had left another in his place The Cacique thinking he was dead commanded two yong and well proportioned Indians to be brought thither saying it was their custome to kill men when any Lord died to wait on him by the way which their cruell courtesie the Spaniards refused denying that their Lord was dead One Cacique asked Soto what he was and why hee came thither He answered that he was the sonne of God and came to teach them knowledge of the Law Not so saith the Cacique if God bids thee thus to kill steale and worke all kind of mischiefe For their credulitie in like case Laudonniere telleth that a strange and vnheard-of lightening hapned within a league of their Fort which consumed in an instant 500. acres of meadow being then greene and halfe couered with water together with the foules that were therein It continued burning three dayes together and made the Frenchmen thinke that for their sakes the Indians had set fire on their dwellings and were gone to some other place But a certaine Paracoussy which is one of their petty Kings or Caciques sent to him a Present beseeching him to command his men that they should shoot no more towards his dwelling thinking that the Ordinance had caused all this which occasion he vsed to his owne good by arrogating that to himselfe which he saw their simplicitie conceiued of him Within two dayes after this accident fell such an heat that the Riuer I thinke was ready to seethe and in the mouth of the Riuer were found dead therewith fishes enow to haue laden fifty Carts whereof issued by putrifacton much sicknesse Calos is neere the Cape of Florida The King thereof made his subiects beleeue that his Sorceries and
like is noted in the East Indies at the Hils of Balegate where that Ridge parteth Winter and Summer in the same neernesse to the Sunne at the same time and a few miles distant The Raines in the Hils are cause why they call it Winter and the deawes or mysts in the Plaines so that when the Raines fall most in the Hils it is cleere weather in the Plaines and when the deaw falleth in the Plaines it is cleere on the Hils and thus it commeth to passe that a man may trauell from Winter to Summer in one day hauing Winter to wash him in the morning and ere night a cleere and dry Summer to scorch him Yea in some places sayth Alexandro Vrsino within sixe miles space both heate and cold are intolerable and enough to kill any man From Saint Helen to Copiapo it neuer raineth which Coast extends forty miles in some places fiftie in breadth and twelue hundred leagues in length §. II. Of the first Inhabitants their Quippos Arts Marriages ABout the point of Saint Helena in Peru they tell that sometimes there liued Giants of huge stature which came thither in Boates the compasse of their knee was as much as of another mans middle they were hated of the people because that vsing their women they killed them and did the same to the men for other causes These Giants were addicted to Sodomie and therefore as the Indians report were destroyed with fire from Heauen Whether this be true or no in those parts are found huge and Giantlike bones Cieza writes that Iohn di Holmos at Porto Vicio digged and found teeth three fingers broad and foure long Contrariwise in the Valley of Chincha they haue a Tradition that the Progenitors of the present Inhabitants destroyed the natiue people which were not aboue two Cubits high and possessed their roomes in testimonie whereof they alledge also that bone-argument Concerning the Indians conceit of their own originall we haue mentioned their opinion of a floud and the repeopling of the World by them which came out of a Caue They haue another Legend that all men being drowned there came out of the great Lake Titicaca one Virococha which stayed in Traguanaco where at this day is to bee seene the ruines of very ancient and strange buildings and from thence came to Cusco and so beganne Mankinde to multiply They shew in the same Lake a small Iland where they faine that the Sunne hid himselfe and so was preserued and for this reason they made great Sacrifices vnto him in this place both of Sheepe and Men. They held this place sacred and the Inguas built there a Temple to the Sunne and placed there Women and Priests with great treasures Some learned men are of opinion that all which the Indians make mention of is not aboue foure hundred yeeres which may bee imputed to their want of writing In stead of writing they vsed their Quippos These Quippos are Memorials or Registers made of cords in which there are diuers knots and colours signifying diuers things these were their Bookes of Histories of Lawes Ceremonies and accounts of their affaires There were officers appointed to keepe them called Quipocamayos which were bound to giue account of things as Notaries and Registers They had according to the diuersitie of businesse sundry cords and branches in every of which were so many knots little and great and strings tyed to them some red some greene and in such varietie that euen as wee deriue an infinite number of words from the Letters of the Alphabet so doe they from these kinds and colours And at this day they will keepe account exactly with them I did see sayth Acosta a handfull of these strings wherein an Indian woman did carrie as it were written a generall confession of all her life and thereby confessed herselfe as well as I could haue done in written paper with strings for the circumstances of the sinnes They haue also certaine wheeles of small stones by meanes whereof they learne all they desire by heart Thus you shall see them learne the Pater-noster Creed and the rest and for this purpose they haue many of these wheeles in their Church-yards They haue another kinde of Quippos with grains of Mays with which they wil cast hard accounts which might trouble a good Arithmetician with his Pen in the Diuisions They were no lesse wittie if not more in things whereto they apply themselues then the men of these parts They taught their young children all Arts necessary to the life of men euery one learning what was needfull for his person and family and not appropriating himselfe to one profession as with vs one is a Tayler another a Weauer or of other Trade Euery man was his owne Weauer Carpenter Husbandman and the like But in other Arts more for ornament then necessitie they had Gold-smiths Painters Potters and Weauers of curious workes for Noblemen and so of the rest No man might change the fashion vsed in his owne Countrey when hee went into another that all might be knowne of what Countrey they were For their Marriages they had many Wiues but one was principall which was wedded with Solemnitie and that in this sort The Bridegroome went to the Brides House and put Ottoya which was an open Shooe on her foot this if shee were a Mayd was of wooll otherwise of Reeds and this done he led her thence with him If she committed Adulterie shee was punished with death when the Husband dyed shee carried a mourning Weed of blacke a yeere after and might not marry in that time which befell not the other Wiues The Ingua himselfe with his own hand gaue this woman to his Gouernours and Captaines and the Gouernours assembled all the young men and Mayds in one place of the Citie where they gaue to euery one his Wife with the aforesaid Ceremonie in putting on the Ottoya the other Wiues did serue and honour this None might marry with his Mother Daughter Grandmother or Grand-childe and Yapangui the Father of Guaynacapa was the first Ingua that married his Sister and confirmed his fact by a Decree that the Inguas might doe it commanding his owne children to doe it permitting the Noblemen also to marrie their Sisters by the Father side Other Incest and Murther Theft and Adulterie were punished with death Such as had done good seruice in warre were rewarded with Lands Armes Titles of honour and Marriage in the Inguas Linage They had Chasquis or Posts in Peru which were to carrie tidings or Letters for which purpose they had houses a league and a halfe asunder and running each man to the next they would runne fifty leagues in a day and night §. III. The Regall Rites Rights Workes and of RVMINAGVI and ALVARADO WHen the Ingua was dead his lawfull heire borne of his chiefe Wife succeeded And if the King had a legitimate Brother he first inherited and then the Sonne of the first Hee
the East Ens. l. 2 He called it also Ophir thinking it to bee that whence Salomon had his Gold Mart. Dec. 3. l. 7 Dec. 7. 8. q Dec. l. 4. L. 6. C. 12. r R. Tomson ap Hak. tom 3. Å¿ Mart. dec. 7. 9. Ouied. l. 15. c. 8. Encrease of Kine Dogs Ants hurtfull Ouied. l. 5. c. 1. 1 t Mar. dec. 1. l. 9 Ouied. gen hist lib. 5. u Non solamente cosa sana ma santo ancho x Mart. ibid. y They worshipped the Sunne and prayed to it at Sun-rising a Mart. Dec. 2. lib. 6. b Dec. 7. 10. Sacrifices c Ouied. gen hist l 5. c. 3. d Ouiedo lib. 2. del Hist Ind. e Botero f Iob Hortop ap Hak. g Henry May ap Hak. tom 3. h Syl. Iourdan W. Strachie i My friend Master Barkley a Merchant reports better of the Bermudas seasonablenesse c. and the Plantation it selfe testifieth the health and wealth thereof k He continued there til the Colonie was planted l Anno 1614. m Newes from Bermudas or Sommer Ilande There is report of some English this Winter come home which came from Bermuda to Ireland in a little Boat c. which I write not for want of certaine intelligence neither for that cause of the present state of the Colonie which some say are neere 701. English c. a Alan Cop. vel potius N. Harpsfield Dialogi vt testatur Io. Hart. b Bellar. de Not. Ecclesia lib. 4. Costeri Enchirid.. Posseuin Apparat l. 16. c. 6. Hill Reason 5. Archbishop Abbot c Acosta l. 4. de procurand Ind. salute c. 3. d And. Vega de f. operibus quast 3. * Ed. Brerewood of Religion and Lang. c. 10 lit Mart. de Valentia N. di G. ap Râ—v 3. Ouied. lib. 17 c. 9 e F. Damiano Fonseca del giusto scacciamento de Moreschi da Spagna which are also expressed in the Kings Proclamation to be Heresie Apostasie Treason conspiring with the Turk c. f Bar. Cas Hispan Crudelitat g P. Mart. mentioneth this graine of Gold and likewise the Spanish cruelties though not so largely as Casas h Marke this way of conuerting Infidels i P. Mart. dec. 3 l. 2. Cortes accustomed himselfe to haue 4. Kings attend on him Dec. 8. lib. 3. He burned 60. Kings their heires looking on k Nulla fidei pietasque viris qui castra sequuntur Lucan l Acost de proc. Ind. sal l. 4. c. 4. m Io. Metall Seq praefat in Osor n Exod. 5.8.17 o Benzo l. 2. c. 16 p Viracochie q Cap. 18. r Vid. ap Hak. Å¿ 2. Cor. 10.4 t Zanch. de Op. Dei p. 1. u Ap. Ramus vol. 3. x F. Ã Vic Rel. 5 De Indis y Arnauld against the Iesuits z Miles Phil. Ioh. Hort. ap Hak. a See Gomara Apollonius Benzo c. of these ciuill warres in Peru Powder-treason The words of Moses Gen. 1. interpreted without forme and void c Nouember 5. on this day this in the first Impression came in due order without any special appointment to the Presse d Psal. 118.24 e Matth. 17.4 See my Pilgrimes Part. 3. l. 4. c. 9. See Purchas his Pilgrims Part. 3. l. 3. c. 1. Large extent of the Sclauonian tongue Russian Chronicles Vasily or Basilius great Duke of Russia His two Sons Iuan Andrew Iuan succeedeth Entituled Emperour Nastacia the Empresse made a Saint Second Wife a Tartar Narue Castle Architect blinded that hee might not doe the like to others Crueltie Ice-fortification Plesco by a Magician deliuered Nouogrod spoiled with horrible crueltie 700000. slaine Another crueltie added The Crimme inuadeth Russia Iuans third Wife 1571. * D. Fletcher expresseth this number to bee 800000. which may seeme credible not only by the multitudes of Inhabitants at that time but also the Neigbour Villages and Countries fleeing thither for refuge Musco neuer recouered that losse Simon Monasts A strange Embassador from the Crim. The Tartars haue no Cities c. Stone wall about Musco Vologda on Dwina Bomelius Rapacitie Strange policy to frustrate debts by resigning his Empire Emperours Brother made away King Magnus A Roble is about a Marke English three Dollers His fourth Wife * Necesse est multos timeat quem mu'ti timent I saw it Fish fed sat on mans flesh Abhominable execution His purposes for England New Policy * Ant. Posseuinas Execution by Beares The Frier killeth the Beare with his Spear and is killed by her Iuans fifth wife mother of Demetrius Liuonia commended English Scots Capt. Silke of Bristow M. T. Glouer father to Sir Th. Glouer the Embassadour into Turkie Daniel Syluester sent from Q. Elizabeth hee could well speake the Language His death Iuly 15. 1575. Iuans discourse with the Author Sir Ierom Horsey sent from the Emperour to Q. Elizabeth Bomelius rosted I beheld all this Theodore marrieth Irenia sister to Boris whose Storie followeth Bewitched Letters sent to the Queene inclosed in a Bottle by Sir Ieroma Horseâ— Eremiska is their name for Ierome By miles vnderstand Russian miles which are about three quarters of ours Osell an Iland in the Baltike Sea in 59. deg. Pilton Gratitude Sir Ier. Horseys returne into Russia The Emperors excesses This Mekita was Brother to Nastacia the Emperours first Wife and Grandfather to the present Emperour The Emperour striketh his Sonne some say with his staffe on his head Death and buriall of yong Iuan. So sayth the Originall Embassadour to the Queene for Lady Mary daughter to the Earle of Huntingdon Sir Ier. Bowes Embassadour into Russia You haue his Voyage c. in M. Hakluyt But England was not so happie Iuan consulteth with Witches Bodan Belscoy the Emperours Minion 1584. Vasiliwich his discourse of Gemmes An Vnicornes Horne cost 70000. Marks Iuan Vasiliwich his death * Supposed the act of Belskoy and Boris Theodore or Feodore Emperour Boris Protector The Protector and Chiefeâ— Commissioners course of gouernment Russian gouernment vnder Theodore The great treasure which Basiiwich gathered See Doctor Fletchers Tract in my Third Part l. 3. c. 1. Iuan Bas his Conquestâ— His Acts for Iustice His Acts Ecclesiasticall for Religion * Twelue thousand Robles annually 1582. His charitie 1575. His Castles Colonies His person described His buriall Sir I. Horsey sent Embassadour from the Emperour to Q. Elizabeth 1584. King Magnus his Widow seduced by Boris his policie One was committed to the Marshall the other forbidden her Maiesties presence Boris his bloudy staires to the Throne Publike audience to Sir I. Horsey Hee is now their Patriarch Sir I. Horsey is sent againe for England He is againe employed to the Kings of Denmarke and Poland and to Russia c. An. 1589. * These ships were of Lubek Danzik Stetine Meluin Quinborough loaden with munition for the Queenes enemies and therefore stayed c. * Master William Cockayne since Lord Maior of London A Popish Queene distaste Queene Elizabeth A kind of Crocodile Vilna A Protestant Prince magnifies Queene Elizabeth The
like vnto Kine or Mules which diue and goe but swimme not vnder the water Bores of two sorts Conies Pigs Ounces Foxes with bags to carry their yong vnder the belly The Tatu or Armadilla which digs as much as many men with Mattocks the Conduacu or Porcupine of three sorts the Hirara like Ciuet Cats which eate honey the Aquiqui bearded Apes blacke and sometimes one yellow which they say is their King hauing an Instrument from his gullet as bigge as a Duck-egge wherewith he maketh a loud sound so actiue that they sometimes are said to catch an arrow with the hand and redart it at the shooter and so cunning that they seeke a leafe chew it and put the same into their wounds There are of them many kindes The Cuati are like Badgers they climbe trees no snake egge or bird escapes him There are others greater as great Dogs with Tusks which deuoure men and beasts There are wilde Cats which yeeld good Furre and are very fierce the lagoarucu are Dogs of Brasile the Tapati also barke like Dogs The Iaguacinia is a kind of Foxe which feedeth on Sea-crabs and Sugar-canes The Birataca a kinde of Ferret of such stinking sauour that some Indians haue died thereof yea Dogges which come neere escape not the sent endureth fifteene or twenty dayes in those things which he hath come neere to and causeth some towne sometimes to bee disinhabited This commeth of a ventositie which it voideth and couereth in the earth or casteth it out being in danger to be taken it feedeth on birds Eggs and Amber Ten or twelue kinds of Rats all good meat Other beasts are before mentioned Of Snakes without venome hee numbreth the Giboya some of which are twenty foot long and wil swallow a Deere whole crushing it with the winding of his taile and bruising it with licking to that purpose The Guiaranpiaquana eateth eggs goeth faster on the trees then any man can runne on the ground with a motion like swimming The Camoiama is all greene and liueth on like food The Boytiapua eate Frogs the Indians strike this Serpent on womens hips as remedy to barrennesse The Gaitiaepia smelleth so that none can abide it such is also the Boyuma the Bam so termed of his crie is great and harmelesse the Baicupeganga hath venemous prickles on his backe There are other venomous Snakes as the Iararaca of which are foure kinds of musky sent one ten spannes long with great tuskes which they hide and stretch out at pleasure The Curucucu fifteene spannes long which lyeth on a tree to hunt his prey The Boycimiaga which hath a bell in his tayle so swift that they call it the flying Snake there are two kinds thereof The Ibiracua causeth by his biting the bloud to issue thorow all parts of the body eyes mouth nose eares c. The Ibiboca is the fairest but of foulest venome amongst them all The fields woods houses beds bootes are subiect to the plenty of Snakes which without helpe kill in foure and twenty houres There are also many Scorpions which ordinarily kill not but cause extreme paine for foure and twenty houres space Lizards couer the wals of houses and holes are full of them Their fundament-worms are very dangerous which Sir Richard Hawkins saith he saw like a long Magot greene with a red head creeping in and glewing himselfe to the gut where it groweth so great that it stoppeth the passage and killeth with cruell Colicke torments Master Kniuet speakes of one Serpent which he killed thirteene spans long with foure and twenty teeth great shels about the necke blacke and russet like a collar lesse on her bodie and darke greene vnder her belly all speckled with blacke and white with foure sharpe feet no longer then a mans finger and a tongue like a harping iron Her tayle like a strait bull-horne blacke and white listed If they finde fire they beat themselues in it till either the fire or themselues be extinguished They vse from a tree to fall on their prey passing by thrusting their tayle into the fundament The Indians will not goe vnder fiue or sixe to set vpon one of them this yet he killed with the helue of an axe Of Birds there are Parrots innumerable more then Starlings or Sparrows in Spaine the Guaminbig like Bees which sleepe sixe moneths the Tangara which haue the falling-sicknesse the rest dancing about that which is fallen with a noise from which they will not bee skarred till they haue done c. Of Fruits hee reckons the Iacapucaya like a pot as bigge as a great bowle two fingers thicke with a couer in it within full of Chesnuts being much eaten greene it causeth all haire to fall off Balsam trees pricked excellent for cure and sent Oyle-trees many one as a Well or Riuer growing in dry places where no water is it hath holes in the branches as long as ones arme full of water Winter and Summer neuer running ouer but alwayes at like stay fiue hundred persons may come to the foot of it and drinke and wash their fill without want the water is sauoury and cleere There are hearbs which seeme to sleepe all night and others which make shew of sence as wee haue before obserued from Master Harcourt in Guiana Of strange fishes in Brasil he nameth the Oxe-fish with eyes and eye-lids two armes a cubit long with two hands fiue fingers and nayles as in a man and vnder the armes the female had two paps inwards like an Oxe it cannot bee long vnder water it hath no fins but the tayle which is round and close two stones neere the braine of great esteeme the inwards of an Oxe and taste like Porke The Cucurijuba is a fresh-water Snake fiue and twenty or thirty foot long the Mamma is a greater kinde toothed like a dogge with a chaine striped along the backe very faire It catcheth a Man Cow Stag or any other prey winding it with the tayle and so swalloweth it whole after which she lyes and rots the Rauens and Crowes eating her all but the bones to which after groweth new-flesh by life deriued from the head which is hidden all this while in the mire which therefore they that finde seeke and kill They will sleepe so being full that they may cut off pieces he tels an instance from the tayle and they not awaken They found one which was fifty spans or twelue yards and a halfe long hauing two wilde Bores in the belly Thus much of the creatures in Brasile Let vs now take better view of their Warres Religion and other their Rites CHAP. V. Of the Customes and Rites of the Brasilians §. I. Of their warres and man-eating and of the Diuel torturing them THe Brasilians for the most part as you haue seene exercise irreconciliable hostilitie not to enlarge their dominions but onely to be reuenged for the death of their friends and Ancestors slaine by their enemies The Elder men as they sit or
lye in their hanging beds will make an Oration of the vertue of their Predecessors and of their sustained wrongs and so excite the yonger to take armes These Orations last sometimes sixe houres Their armes are clubs or woodden swords fiue or sixe foot long and a foot broad a finger thicke and very sharpe One of these men being throughly moued would trouble two of our Fencers Their bowes are as long as ours the string made of the herbe Tocon little yet able to endure the strength of an horse their arrowes an ell long which they will shoot twice as fast as our men they haue leather shields their elder men lead the rankes if they may be so called which haue none to marshall or order them and with great shouts and shewing the enemies the bones of their slaine friends they enter into a fierce battell Their captiues they conuey in the middest of their armie home to their Territories vnto whom the men will not sticke to giue their Sisters or Daughters to performe all the duties of a Wife and feed them with the best till they redemand the same out of their flesh the men are employed if it be long before the slaughter in hunting fowling fishing the women in gardening or gathering Oysters When that dismall day approacheth knowledge is giuen and the men women and children assemble to the place appointed and there passe the morning in drinking and the captiue although he knoweth the dreadfull issue danceth drinketh and frolicks it with the best After sixe or seuen houres thus spent two or three of the strongest fasten a rope about his middle leauing his armes at liberty and so lead him vp and down the Village in triumph Neither doth he for all this hang down his head as men heere going to be hanged but with incredible courage emblazoneth his own worthinesse Thus thus saith he haue I sometimes bound your kindred and thy father saith he to one haue I deuoured and thy brethren to another haue I boucaned and eaten and what innumerable numbers of you Touau Pinambausij haue these hands taken this throat swallowed Neither will the Margaiates suffer this my death vnreuenged Then they bring him stones and bid him reuenge his death He hurleth them at those which stand about him whereof there are some foure thousand and hurteth diuers I saw one saith our Author whose legge I had thought had beene broken by the violence of one of those blowes After this comes one which all this while had bin hidden with the fatall club and Art thou not one of the Margaiates saith he and hast thou not deuoured our kindred the other answereth O how lustily I haue done it how prompt haue I been in taking them how greedy in eating And therefore replyeth the other shalt thou be killed and rosted on the Boucan What then saith he my death shall not bee vnreuenged The club ends their Dialogue with one blow striking him dead His wife if he had any as they sometimes vse to bestow on their Captiues comes to the carkasse and spends a little time and passion in mourning but her Crocodiles teares are soone dried and the humour fals into her teeth which water for the first morsell The other women especially the elder which are most cruell and greedie bring hot water and wash the body and rub it till it looke like the skin of a Pigge then comes the Master of the Feast which owed the Captiue and cuts it out as readily as any Butcher with vs can doe a Weather They daube the children with the bloud foure women carrie about the armes and legs for a shew with shouts and cries The trunke is diuided into two parts the vpper part being cut and separated from the lower the inwards are left to the women which seethe and make the broth of them called Mingau which they sup vp with their children they eate also the flesh about the head The braine tongue and that which within the head may serue for meate is the childrens share The Author of the Feast hath a new name added to the former for they haue so many names as they haue slaine Captiues the chiefe of the Cottage branding him on the arme with an honourable marke for the memory thereof and all that day he must spend in quiet The Wayganna are a kind of Brasilians which hold confederacie with no other Nation but kill all which come to their hands and that so cruelly that they will cut off their armes and legges while they are aliue These liue in the Mountaines They cut them with stones and those which haue trade with the Christians vse Kniues Their Boucan is a Grediron of foure cratches set in the ground a yard high and as much asunder with billets laid thereon and other stickes on them grate-wise On this they rost the flesh putting fire vnder all the people standing about the same and euery one gets a little piece of him But me thinkes I see horror expressed in the countenance of him that reades this and euery one wearie of viewing this Tragedie loathing this inhumane feasting with humane flesh I will therefore leaue their shambles and which better beseemes a Pilgrime will visit their holies and holy places But alas where or what are they Maffaeus hath alreadie told vs that they obserue no Gods and Lerius confirmes the same yet sheweth that they acknowledge a Deuill whom they call Aygnan not that they worship him but are tormented by him Euen in speaking of him they tremble and the remembrance breedes a compassionate amazement in the hearer an amazed passion in the speaker while he applaudes our happinesse free from such tyrannie and deplores his owne miserie Hee sometimes in the forme of a beast sometimes in forme of a Bird and otherwhiles deformed in some monstrous shape doth grieuously torment them Euen whiles the Christians were in conference with them they would pitiously cry out Hei Hei helpe Aygnan vexeth me Nor could this bee counterfeit in the iudgement of any that conuersed with them They beleeue the immortalitie of the soule and that the soules of the vertuous that is in their sense of such as haue killed and eaten many enemies shall flie beyond the highest Mountaines and be gathered to the soules of their Progenitors and there liue in pleasant Gardens and perpetuall dancings and delicacies The cowardly Ghosts shall be carried vnto torment by Aygnan without end They haue no name whereby to signifie God vnto them but wondered to heare what the Frenchmen told of the Creator of Heauen and Earth And because they are afraid of Thunder which they call Toupan they told them that God was Author thereof the foolish Indians reply that he was then naught which would make them afraid But the feare of Aygnan made them sometimes flexible to embrace the Christian Religion hearing that this Deuill was inferiour to the Christians God So that euen in these the most degenerate of all