Otho The wonderfull corage of a souldier of Othoes The noble corage of Otho before his death â—â— his oracion to the souldiers The Emperor Othoes words to his Nephew Cocceius Otho in his death seemed to follow Case Vaican Otho slue him selfe The funeralle of Otho the Emperour The Emperor Othoes tombe in the citie of Bresselles Othoes age and raigne The parteÌ„lage of Annibal The sharpe wit and disposition of Annibal Annibal chosen Lieuetenant generall after the death of Hasdrubalâ— being but 26. yeare olde Diuers causes of Annibals mortall hate to the Romanes The Barcinian faction Iberus fl The conspiracie of the Spanyards against Annibal Tagus fl Annibal stra tageame The Iberians yeeld them selues vnto Annibal Annibal layeth seege to the citie of Saguntus Two contrary factions in the Senate of Carthage the Barcinians Hannians Hamilcar Barcha Hanno a graue counseller and gouernor in peace A happy thing to follow good couÌ„sell VVise counsell for gouernors to preuent things at the beginning Annibal wan the citie of Saguntus P. Cornelius and T. Sempronius Consuls marg VVarres proclaymed by the Romanes with the Carthaginians The greatnes of the dominion of Africke * This place is false Annibal determineth to inuade Italy Annibale dreame at the riuer of Iberus The head course of the riuer of Rhone Arar fl The Volcin people that inhabited about the riuer of Rhone P. Cornelius Scipio Consule sent against Annibal and arrived at Massilia The Boians InsubriaÌ„s reuolt from the Romanes take parte with Annibal Lagdunum built by PlaÌ„cus Munatius Druentiâ— fl Annibal made waies through the rockes of the mountaines by force of fire and vineger The valley of Taurinus Annibals comming into Italie by Piedmont not farre from Turine Anniballs army in Italie Annibals first conflict with the Romanes and victorie P. C. Scipio Consul hâ—râ— and sâ—â—ed from â—â—â— enemies by his sonne who was afterwards called African Paedâ—s fl P. Cornelius Scipio and T. Sempronius Longuâ— Consulls against Annibal Trebia fl Ambush laied by Annibal to entrappe Sempronius Annibal fought with Sempronius the Consul aâ— the riuer of Trebia The Numidians craft iâ—â— flying Annibals victorie of the Consul Sempronius Arnus fl Annibal lost one of his eyes in the marishes by the riuer of Arnus C. Flaminius Cn. Seruilius Consuls Montes Cortonenses Lacus Thrasimenus The iudgement of a souldier Battell betwext Annibal and C. Flaminius the Consul by the lake of Thrasymene The Romanes were so earnest in fight that they heard not the noise of an earthquake C. Flaminius the Consul slaine * Plutarke in the life of Fabius Maximus addeth to as many prisoners Annibals craftines to dissemble vertue The naturall disposition of Annibal Extreame ioy causeth sodaine death The office of Dictator of what effect Q. Fabius Maximus created Dictator Hastines of Captaines oftentimes very hurtfull The guide cruelly put to death by Annibal Annibals stratageame in the mountaines of Gallicmum and Casilinium against Q. Fabius Dictator Certaine bathes at Swessa called the tower of the bathes Gleremen a citie in Apulia Two Dictators together neuer heard of before L. Paulus AEmylius and C. Terentius Varro Consuls Ansidusfl Battell at Cannes A stratageame of Annibal * Pluturke in the life of Fabius sayth that there were fiftie thousand slaine and foureteene thowsande taken prisoners Paulus AEmylius Consul slaine as the battell of Cannes Great slaughter at the battell of Cannes The constancy of the Romanes in extreamities The Romanes left three great battells to Annibal at Ticinum Trebia and Thrasimens Maharbal generall of Annibals horsemen Maharbals saying to Annibal Conspiracy against Annibal at Capva Marcellus victorie of Annibal at the citie of Nola. Annibals souldiers marred with ease at Capua Pleasure the baite of all euills One wintere ease spoiled a souldier and made him a coward The hard shife of the Cassilinians to liue during Annibals siege Annibals good seruant began to faile him Three famous Captaines of the Romanes Fabius Maximus Sempronius Gracchus Marcus Marcellus * Plutarke in the life of Marcellus speaketh of fiue thowsand CarthaginiaÌ„s slaine and only of fiue hundred Romanes The victories of the Romanes against Annibal Two factions in Naples The citie of Tarentum deliuered vnto Annibal by treason Tarentum wonne by Annibal Annibals stratageame Vulturnus fl Sulpicius Galba Cornelius Centimalous Consuls Anienes fl Annibal commethe to inuade Rome A wonder Salapia a city where Annibal fell in loue The death of Fuluius Viceconsul Diuers conflicts of the Romanes with Annibal Annibals wordes of Marcellus Marcellus Crispinus Consuls Annibal Layeth ambushe for the Romanes The death of Marcellus The power of magnanimitie Marcus Liuius and C. Nero Consuls Sena a citie of Apulia Metaurum fl M. Leuius C. Nero Consuls ouercame Hasdrubal slue 56000. of his men The chaunge and alteration of the Carthaginians good fortune The praise of Annibals great wisedomes in that gouernment of his army P. C. Scipio inuaded Carthage The last battell Annibal fought in ledily with Sempronius in the which he ouercame Annibal Annibals arche of trietumphe Annibal departeth out of Italy Annibal sent for to returne into Africk after he had warred 16. yeares in Italy Annibal and Scipioes meeting talke Scipioes victory of the Carthaginians at the battell of Zama The flying of Annibal Annibal could not abide to heare fooles talke of warre Annibal in his misery fled vnto king Antiochus into Asia Enuy the coÌ„mon plague and poyson of Princes Courtes Scipio African met with Annibal at Ephesus Annibals iudgement of the most famous Captaines Annibal cost selleth king Antiochus to make warre with the Romanes King Antiochus iudgement of Annibal Annibal made generall of Antiochus army by sea together with Apollonius Annibal fled to Prusias king of Bithynia Annibal king Prusias generall by sea against Eumenes king of Pergamum A straunge deuise of snakes put in earthen pots and throwen into the enemies shippes Titus Quintius Flaminius sent Ambassador into Asia Annibal poysoned him selfe being 70. yeare old Annibals tombe by Libyssa The praise of Annibal The pareÌ„tage of Scipio The first souldiers are of P. Cor. Scipio being but seuenteene yeare olde P. Scipio rescued his father from being taken of the enemies Honors done to Scipio being but a young man. Scipio Viceconsul at 24. yeares of age Scipioes great mind and goodly personage Scipioes iorney into Spayne The valiantnes of Lucius Martius a Romane knight Scipio beseegeth new Carthage in Spayne Scipio wanne citie of new Carthage by assault The great chastitie of Scipio Mago Hasdrubal Barcinian Hasdrubal Gisgo the three famous Captaines of the CarthaginiaÌ„s Besula fl Scipioes liberaltie to his enemies Vertues meete for a General Scipio called king by the Spanyards Hasdrubal sent into Italie to his brother Annibal with an army Hanno the chiefe of the contrarie faction vnto Hasdrubal Barcinian ouercomen in battell and takeÌ„ prisoner Masinissa offereth his frendshippe vnto the Romanes Syphax king of the Masasylians Hasdrubals iudgement of Scipio Syphax king of the MasaesyliaÌ„s maketh league with the Romanes The vnfortunate fight of two cousin germanes The rebellion of the Romaneâ— souldiers against their Captaines in Scipioes sicknes Mandonius Indibilis two kinges is of Spayne Scipioes wisedome suppressing his anger Scipioes great wisedome in punishing the offendors Scipioes care of his countriemen Scipio did put the authors of the rebellion to death A noble thing to ouercome the enemie by clemencie Masinissa cometh vnto Scipio A Princely Maiestie in Scipioes personage The antiquitie of those of Gades Scipioes noble deedes Scipioes returne out of Spayne to Rome Scipio made Consul Scipio prepared his armie and nauy by sea in 45. dayes Scipio policie in Sicilia P.C. Scipio accused Q. Fabius Maximus a great auersary vnto Scipio Scipioes nature King Syphax reuolteth froÌ„ the Romanes The ready faithfull good will of Masinissa to the Romanes Hanno ouercomen and slaine Sophonisba king Syphax wife Scipioes craft A maruelous great slaughter of the CarthaginiaÌ„s Syphax king of the Masaesylians ouercome takeÌ„ in battell Masinissa wan the city of Cyrtha where he fell in loue with Sophonisba king Syphax wife The great rare coÌ„tinency of Scipio Sophonisba poysoned her selfe through Masinissaes procurements Annibal sent for into Italy to runno into Afrike Battell at Zama and Scipiues victorie of the Carthaginians The praise of Annibal Fiue hundred shippes of the CarthaginiaÌ„s burnt by Scipio Scipio returne to Rome Scipioes triumphe at Rome for the Carthaginians Scipio and AElius Petus chosen Censors Scipio Prince of the Senate Scipio and Sempronius Longus chosen Consuls The craftie counsell of Scipio The naturall loue of Scipio African to his brother L. Scipio The fidelitie and loue of P. Scipio to his contrie Antiochus being ouercome acceptesh condicions of peace Great kingdomes and wealth are ful of troubles L. Scipio surnamed Asian for his coÌ„quest of Asia T. Q. Flaninius M. C. Marcellus Censors The time of the florishing of the Corneli The inconstaÌ„cy of these worldly things Great men most enuied The last fortunate day of the Africans good fortune The voluntary banishmeÌ„t of P. Scipio from Rome T. Gracchus Tribune diuers opinions about the accusasion of the Africans The Africans wife children Diuers opinions touching the death of P. Scipio Statues of the two Scipioes and Ennius the Poet by the gate Capena at Rome Scipio African dyed at Linternvm The Epitaphe of Scipio African Scipio African 54. yeare old at the time of his death The power of vertue Phormio Peripatetician reading Philosophie in Ephasus Annibals witty aunswer vnto the king Antiochus Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautrollier dvvelling in the Blacke Friers by Ludgate
other light armed men to the number of thirteene hundred sufficiently furnished of all warlicke and necessarie munition Now after they were arriued on the coaste of ITALIE they landed in the citie of RHEGIO where holding counsell in what sorte they should direct these warres it was resolued in the ende that they should goe straight vnto SICILIA This opinion was followed although Nicias dyd contrarie it when Lamachus gaue his consent thereunto and at his first comming he was the occasion of winning the cittie of CATANA But he neuer after dyd any exployte for he was called home immediatly by the ATHENIANS to come and aunswer certaine accusations layed to his charge For as we tolde you before there was at the beginning certaine light suspitions and accusations put vp against him by some slaues and straungers But afterwards when he was gone his enemies enforced them and burdened him more cruelly adding to his former faulte that he had broken the images of Mercurie and had committed sacriledge in counterfeating in ieast and mockery the holy ceremonies of the mysteries and blue into the â—ares of the people that both the one and the other proceeded of one set conspiracie to chaunge and alter the gouernment of the state of the citie Vpon these informations the people tooke it in so ill parte that they committed all to prisone that were in any sorte accused or suspected thereof and would neuer let them come to their aunswer and moreouer dyd much repent them that they had not condemned Alcibiades vpon so great complaintes and informations as were exhibited against him while his offense was in question before them And the furie and hatred of the people was such towards him that if any of Alcibiades friends and acquaintance came within their daunger they were the worse handled for his sake Thucydides dyd not name his accusers but some other doe name Dioclides and Teucer amongest whom Phrynicus the Comicall poet is one who discouereth it in his verses by bringing in one that speaketh thus to the image of Mercury My good friend Mercury I praye thee take good heede that thou fall not and breake thy necke for so thou mightst me breede both daunger and distrust and though I giltles be some Dioclides falsely might accuse and trouble me Mercury aunswereth Take thou no thought for me my selfe I shall vvell saue and vvill foresee full vvell therevvith that Teucer that false knaue shall not the money get vvhich he by lavve hath vvonne for his promovvters bribing parte and accusation And yet for all this these tokens doe showe no certaintie of any thing For one of them being asked howe he could knowe them by their faces in the night that had broken and defaced these images he aunswered that he knewe them well enough by the brightnes of the moone And hereby it appeareth playnely that he was periured bicause that the same night on the which this fact was committed there was a coniunction of the moone This dyd a litle trouble and staye men of iudgement howbeit the common sorte of people this notwithstanding dyd not leaue to be as sharpe set to receyue all accusations and informations that were brought in against him as euer they were before Now there was among the prisoners whose cause was hanging before them the orator Andocides whom Hellanicus the historiographer describeth to descend of the race of Vlysses whom they tooke to be a man that hated the gouernment of the common people and bent altogether to fauour the small number of the nobilitie But one of the chiefest occasions why he was suspected to be one of them that had broken the images was for that hard by his house there was a fayer great image set vp in olde time by the familie or tribe of the AEgeides and that alone amongest all the rest of so many famous images was lefte whole and vnbroken whereupon it is called at this daye the Mercury of Andocides and is so called generally of euery bodye albeit the inscription sheweth the contrarie Andocides being in prisone chaunced to fall in acquaintaunce with one Timaeus with whom he was more familliar then with all the rest who was also prisoner with him for the self cause This Timaeus was a man not so well knowen as he but besides a wise man and very hardie He persuaded him and put into his head that he should accuse him selfe and certaine other with him for taking the matter vpon him and confessing it he should receyue grace pardone according to the course and promise of the lawe Where contrarilie if he should stande vpon the curtesie of the iudges sentence he might easely endaunger him self bicause iudgements in such cases are vncertaine to all people and most to be doubted and feared toward the riche And therefore he told him it were his best waye if he looked into the matter wisely by lying to saue his life rather then to suffer death with shame and to be condemned apon this false accusation Also he sayed if he would haue regarde to the coÌ„mon wealth that it should in like case be wisely done of him to put in daunger a fewe of those which stood doubtfull whether in trothe they were any of them or not to saue from the furie of the people and terrour of death many honest men who in deede were innocent of this lewde fact Timaeus wordes and persuasions wrought such effect with Andocides that they made him yeld vnto them brought him to accuse him selfe certaine other with him by meanes whereof Alcibiades according to the lawe had his pardone But all suche as he named and accused were euery man put to death sauing suche as saued them selues by ronning awaye Furthermore to shadowe his accusation with some apparaunce of trothe Andocides among those that were accused dyd accuse also certen of his owne seruaunts Now though the people had no more occasion to occupie their busie heades about the breakers of these images yet was not their malice thus appeased against Alcibiades vntill they sent the galley called Salaminiana commaunding those they sent by a speciall coÌ„mission to seeke him out in no case to attempt to take him by force nor to laye holde on him by violence but to vse him with all the good wordes and curteous manner that they possibly could to will him only to appeare in persone before the people to aunswer to certaine accusations put vp against him If otherwise they should haue vsed force they feared muche least the armie would haue mutined on his behalfe within the countrie of their enemies and that there would haue growen some sedition amongest their souldiers This might Alcibiades haue easely done if he had bene disposed For the souldiers were very sorie to see him departe perceyuing that the warres should be drawen out now in length and be much prolonged vnder Nicias seeing Alcibiades was taken from them who was the only spurre that pricked Nicias forward to doe
all the other Captaines and to bring him to a quiet and peaceable life in his age Furthermore Ambassadors were sent from the Senate and met with Galba at NARBONA a citie of GAVLE where after they had presented their humble duetie they perswaded him to make all the haste he could possible to shew him selfe to the people of ROME who were maruelous desirous to see him Galba receiued them very graciously and curteously made them great chere howbeit very modestly notwithstanding For notwithstanding that Nymphidius had sent him diuers Officers and store of Neroes moueables yet he would neuer be serued with any of them at any feasts or bankets he made with other then his owne stuffe wherein he shewed his noble mind and how he could master all vanitie But Titus Iunius shortly after told Galba that this noble mind and ciuill moderation without pride or pompe was to lowly a manner to flatter the people and that it was a certaine respect of honestie that knewe not it selfe and became not his greatnes and maiestie So he perswaded him to vse Neroes money stuffe and to be sumptuous and princely in his feasts without niggardlines To conclude the olde man Galba began plainely to shew that he would be ruled by Titus Iunius who aboue all other was extreame couetous and besides too much giuen to women For when he was a young man the first time he went to the warres vnder Caluisius SABINE he brought his Captaines wife which liked good felowshippe disguised like a souldier into the campe into his generalls tent which the ROMANES called Principia and there was somewhat bold with her Wherefore Caius Caesar committed him to prison but he escaped at his death Another time when he supped with Clodius Caesar he stale a siluer pot Clodius hearing of it bad him againe to supper the next night but he commaunded his men they should giue him drinke in an earthen cruse Thus this thest through Caesars pleasantnes seemed rather a matter of sport then of anger howbeit the faultes which he committed afterwards through extreame couetousnes of money at what time he ruled Galba and bare all the swaye about him gaue vnto some iust cause and vnto others apparant culler of tragicall mischieues and greeuous calamities For Nymphidius so soone as Gellianus was returned out of SPAYNE whome he had sent thither to see what Galba did he enforming him that Cornelius Lacon was Captaine of the gard and house of the Emperor and that Titus Iunius did all in all about him and that he could neuer be suffred to come neare Galba nor to speake with him a part bicause those which were about Galba did mistrust him euer had an eye to him to see what he did he was maruelously perplexed withall Thereuppon he called for all the Centurions Captaines and pety Captaines of the campe of the PRAETORIAN army and perswaded them that Galba touching his owne person was a good old and discreete man howbeit that he did not follow his owne adulse counsell but was ruled altogether by Iunius and Lacon who marred all and therefore that it were good before they came to be of greater power and to haue such great authoritie in maneging the affayres of the Empire as Tigellinus had before to send Ambassadors to the Emperor in the name of all the campe to tell him that in putting those two men from about him he should be the better welcome vnto ROME and to all men els besides The Captaines vtterly misliked this deuise For they thought it too straunge and beyond all reason to seeme to teache an old Emperor as if he were but a child that did not know what it was to gouerne to appoynt him what seruaunts and friends he should keepe and whome he should trust or mistrust Nymphidius perceiuing this tooke another course and wrote letters vnto Galba to terrifie him one tyme sending him word that he was maruelous euill beloued of many in ROME and that they were ready to rebell against him an other tyme also that the legions of GERMANY were reuolted and that he vnderstoode the like from the legions in IVRY and SYRIA And another tyme also that Clodius Macer in AFRICA stayed all the shippes fraighted with corne that were bownd for ROME But in the ende finding that Galba made no accompt of him and that he gaue no credit to his words nor writings he determined first of all to set vpon him Howbeit Clodius Celsus borne in the citie of ANTIOCH a wise man and his faithfull friend disswaded him maruelously not to doe it declaring vnto him that he thought there was no one house nor family in ROME that would call Nymphidius Caesar. Howbeit in contrary manner diuers others mocked Galba and specially one Mithridates of the Realme of PONâ— that sayd he was a bald writhen man For the ROMANES sayd he haue him in deede now in some estimation but when they haue once seene him they will thinke it a perpetuall shame and reproche to our tyme that he was called Caesar. So they thought it good to bring Nymphidius about midnight into the campe and there openly to proclayme him Emperor Howbeit the chiefe Tribune of the souldiers called Antonius Honoratus gathered his souldiers together in the night and before them all did first openly reproue him selfe and then them for that they had so often turned and chaunged in so short time without any wit or discretion hauing no iudgement to chuse the best way but to be pricked forward and caried headlong in that sort by some wicked spirit which brought them out of one treason into another And yet sayd he our first chaunge had some countenaunce of reason to wete the horrible vices and faultes of Nero but now wherein can we accuse Galba to haue any countenaunce to falsifie our faith vnto him hath he slayne his mother hath he put her to death hath he shamefully played the tumbler or common player vpon a scaffold in the Theater And yet for all these vile parts we neuer durst once beginne to forsake Nero but gaue credit to Nymphidius words who told vs that Nero had first forsaken vs and that he was fled into AEGYPT What shall we doe Shall we kill Galba after Nero what shall we kill him that is a kinne to Liuia to make the sonne of Nymphidia Emperor as we haue already slayne the sonne of Agrippina or shall we rather kill him that hath rashly entred into this enterprise and thereby to reuenge the death of Nero and to shewe our selues faithfull souldiers vnto Galba All the souldiers yelded straight to the Colonells words and therewith went to their other companions to perswade them to keepe their saith promise they auowed vnto the Emperor so that they made many of them reuolt againe from Nymphidius Thereuppon the noyse and cryes beeing great Nymphidius supposing as some thought that the souldiers did call for him or els hoping betymes to quenche this tumult
vnto the gods Darius army of tenne hundred thowsand fighting men against Alexander at the riuer of Euphrates The magnanimity of Alexander Alexanders third battell with Darius The armor of Alexander An Eagle flewouer Alexanders head when he went so fight with Darius The flying of Darius Alexanders third victory of Darius and liberalithe of all men * The strength and power of Nepina in the contry of Ecbatania VVhat Medaes enchantment was * In this place there lacke certaine lynes in the Greeks originall No lâ—â—e in the countrie of Babylon Tresure found by Alexander at the citie of Susa. * Is seemeth that he meaneth of silke dyed in purple whereof the best that was in Europe was made in the citie of Hermiona in Laconia Alexanders iorney into Persia. Alexander found a maruelous measure in Persia The insoleus boldnes of Thais the herles Persopolls set a fire by Alexander Alexanders prodigalitie reproued by his mother Olympias Alexander reproueth the finenes and curiositie of his frendes Alexander enemy to idlenes Alexanders care of his frendes and wonderfull curtesie towards them Alexander keps one eare for the condeÌ„med person Alexander would not pardon ill wordes spoken of him Alexanders painefull iorney in following of Darius The loue of Alexander to his souldiers and abstinence Alexander regarded not the spoyle of gold siluer in respect of pursuing his flying enemy The death of Darius The punishment and execution of Bessus The sea Hyrcanium or Caspium Alexander goeth after the maner of the Persians Some faultes are to be borne with in a man of great vertues Orexartes fl Alexander with one word of his mouth brought the Macedonians to obedience Alexander maried Roxane a Persian Quarrell betwext Hephaestion and Craterus VVhy Philotas was suspected and enuied of Alexander Limnus traizerously seeketh to kill Alexander Philotas and his father Partmenio put to death Antipater was affrayed of Alexander VVVhy Alexander slue Clitus Alexanders dreame of Clitus The malapertnes of Clitus against Alexander Alexander slue Clitus grieuously repented him Callisthenes and Anaxarchus do comfort Alexander The cause why Callisthenes was envyed Aristotle thought Callisthenes eloquent but not wise Callisthenes suspected of treasoÌ„ against Alexander Alexander offended with Aristotle The death of Callisthenes the rethoritian The iourney of Demaratus CorinthiaÌ„ vnto Alexander and his death Alexanders iourney into India Alexander burnt his cariages The crueltie of Alexander towardes his men A monsterous lamme appeared vnto Alexander A spring of oyle found by the riuer of Oxus Oyle refresheth wearynes The citie of Nisa Acuphis wise aunswer vnto Alexander King Taxiles talke with Alexander Alexanders aunswer to Taxiles Alexander dishonorably brake the peace he had made Alexanders actes against king Porus. Hydaspes fl The statute of king Porus. The quick-wit and catâ— of the ElephaÌ„t to saue the king his master Alexanders conquests in the Indiaes The death of Bucephal Alexanders horse Bucephalia a great citie built by Alexander apon the riuer of Hydaspes why so named Peritas Alexanders dogge Ganges fl Gangaridae and Prosij people of India Alexanders returne out of India Alexanders vaine deuises to make him selfe immortall King Androcottus Alexander in daunger at the citie of the Mallians The wise men of India Alexanders questions propounded to the ten Philosophers of India Alexander rewarded the ten wise men and did let them goe Onesicritus a Philosopher Calanus other wise called Sphines Dandamis Calanus a wise man of India The 〈…〉 of a kingdom shewed by a peece of leather Psitulcis an Iland Alexanders nauie in the sea Oceanum Alexanders armie going in to India Sheepe fed with fishe The contry of Gedrosia The contry of Carmania The riot of Alexanders souldiers The citie of Thapsacus The prouinces conquered by Alexanders rebelled against him The death of Polymachus Pelleian Calanus the Indian did sacrifice him selfe aliue Alexander made men drinke to wyn a game and price The Macedonians maried vnto the Persians The wonderfull giftes of Alexander Alexander payed the soldiers dets Antigenes with one eye a valiant Captaine banished the court for making a lye Thirty thowsand boyes of the Persians taught the discipline of wars by Alexanders commauÌ„dement The clemencie and liberalitie of Alexander vnto his soldiers The death of Hephaestion Alexanders sorow for the death of Hephaestion Stasicrates an excellent image maker Diuers signes before Alexanders death Alexander feared Antipater Alexander fell sicke of an agew Arsitobulus report of the sicknes and death of Alexander The death of Alexander the great Aristotle suspected for the poysoning of Alexander Statira slaine by Roxane Aridaeus Alexanders bastard brother Caesar ioyned with Cinna Marius Caesar tooke sea and went vnto Nicomedes king of Bithynia Caesar taken of pirate Iunius Praetor of Asia Caesar eloquence Caesar loued hospitalitie Caesar a follower of the poeple Ciceroes iudgement of Caesar. The loue of the people in Rome was Caesar. Caesar chosen Tribunus militum Caesar made the funerall oration at the death of his aunt Iulia. Caesar the first that praised his wife in funerall oration Caesar made Questor Pompeia Caesars third wife Caesars prodigality Caesar accused to make a rebellion in the state The death of Metellus chiefe Bishop of Rome Caesar made chiefe Bishop of Rome Caesar suspected to be coÌ„federate with Catiline in his conspiracy Caesar went about to deliuer the conspirators Catoes oration against Caesar. The loue of P. Clodius vnto Pompeia Caesars wife The good goddesse what she was and her sacrifices Clodius taken in the sacrifices of the good goddesse Clodius accused for prophaning the sacrifices of the good goddesse Caesar putteth away his wife Pompeia Clodius quit by the Iudges for prophaning the sacrifices of the good goddesse Caesar Praetor of Spaine Crassus surety for Caesar to his creditors Caesars actes in Spayne Caesar order betwext the creditor and detter Caesar souldiers called him Imperator Caesar reconÌ„cileth Pompey and Crassus together Catoes foresight and prophecy Caesars first Consulship with Calphurnius Bibulus Caesars lawes Lex agraria Caesar maried his daughter Iulia vnto Pompey Caesar maried Calphurnia the daughter of Piso. Pompey by force of armes authorised Caesars lawes Caesar sent Cato to prison Caesar by Clodius draue Cicero out of Italy Caesar a valliant souldier and a skillfull Captaine Caesars conquestes in Gaule The loue and respect of Caesars souldiers vnto him The wonderfull valliantnes of Acilius Cassius Scaua diuers others of Caesars souldiers Granius Petronius Caesar had the falling sickenes The temperance of Caesar in his dyet Caesar ciuilitie not to blame his frend The Tigurinians slaine by Labienus Arax fl Caesar refused his horse wheÌ„ he sought a battell The Heluetians slaine by Caesar. Rheynus fl Caesar made warre with king Ariouistus The wise women of Germany how they did foretell thinges to come King Ariouistus ouerthrowen by Caesar. The Belgae ouercome by Caesar. Neruij the slowtest warriers of all the Belgae The Neruij slaine by Caesar The great Lordes of Rome come to Luca to Caesar Ipes
a lane through them and opened a passage into the battell of the enemies But the two winges of either side turned one to the other to compasse him in betweene them which the Consul Cominius perceyuing he sent thither straight of the best souldiers he had about him So the battell was maruelous bloudie about Martius and in a very shorte space many were slaine in the place But in the ende the ROMAINES were so strong that they distressed the enemies and brake their arraye and scattering them made them flye Then they prayed Martius that he would retire to the campe bicause they sawe he was able to doe no more he was already so wearied with the great payne he had taken and so fainte with the great woundes he had apon him But Martius aunswered them that it was not for conquerours to yeld nor to be fainte harted and thereupon beganne a freshe to chase those that fled vntill suche time as the armie of the enemies was vtterly ouerthrowen and numbers of them slaine and taken prisoners The next morning betimes Martius went to the Consul and the other ROMAINES with him There the Consul Cominius going vp to his chayer of state in the presence of the whole armie gaue thankes to the goddes for so great glorious and prosperous a victorie then he spake to Martius whose valliantnes he commended beyond the moone both for that he him selfe sawe him doe with his eyes as also for that Martius had reported vnto him So in the ende he willed Martius he should choose out of all the horses they had taken of their enemies and of all the goodes they had wonne whereof there was great store tenne of euery sorte which he liked best before any distribution should be made to other Besides this great honorable offer he had made him he gaue him in testimonie that he had wonne that daye the price of prowes aboue all other a goodly horse with a capparison and all furniture to him which the whole armie beholding dyd maruelously praise and commend But Martius stepping forth tolde the Consul he most thanckefully accepted the gifte of his horse and was a glad man besides that his seruice had deserued his generalls commendation and as for his other offer which was rather a mercenary reward then an honorable recompence he would none of it but was contented to haue his equall parte with other souldiers Only this grace sayed he I craue and beseeche you to graunt me Among the VOLSCES there is an olde friende and hoste of mine an honest wealthie man and now a prisoner who liuing before in great wealth in his owne countrie liueth now a poore prisoner in the handes of his enemies and yet notwithstanding all this his miserie and misfortune it would doe me great pleasure if I could saue him from this one daunger to keepe him from being solde as a slaue The souldiers hearing Martius wordes made a maruelous great showte among them and they were moe that wondred at his great contentation and abstinence when they sawe so litle couetousnes in him then they were that highely praised and extolled his villiantnes For euen they them selues that dyd somewhat malice and enuie his glorie to see him thus honoured and passingly praysed dyd thincke him so muche the more worthy of an honorable recompence for his valliant seruice as the more carelesly he refused the great offer made him for his profit and they esteemed more the vertue that was in him that made him refuse suche rewards then that which made them to be offred him as vnto a worthie persone For it is farre more commendable to vse riches well then to be valliant and yet it is better not to desire them then to vse them well After this showte and noyse of the assembly was somewhat appeased the Consul Cominius beganne to speake in this sorte We cannot compell Martius to take these giftes we offer him if he will not receaue them but we will geue him suche a rewarde for the noble seruice he hath done as he cannot refuse Therefore we doe order and decree that henceforth he be called Coriolanus onles his valliant acts haue wonne him that name before our nomination And so euer since he stil bare the third name of Coriolanus And thereby it appeareth that the first name the ROMAINES haue as Caius was our Christian name now The second as Martius was the name of the house and familie they came of The third was some addition geuen either for some acte or notable seruice or for some marke on their face or of some shape of their bodie or els for some speciall vertue they had Euen so dyd the GRAECIANS in olde time giue additions to Princes by reason of some notable acte worthie memorie As when they haue called some Soter and Callinicos as muche to saye sauiour and conquerour Or els for some notable apparaunt marke on ones face or on his bodie they haue called him Phiscon and Grypos as ye would saye gorebelley and hooke nosed or els for some vertue as Euergetes and Phyladelphos to wit a Benefactour and louer of his brethern Or otherwise for ones great felicitie as Endemon as muche to saye as fortunate For so was the second of the Battes surnamed And some Kings haue had surnames of ieast and mockery As one of the Antigones that was called Doson to saye the Geuer who was euer promising and neuer geuing And one of the Ptolomees was called Lamyros to saye conceitiue The ROMAINES vse more then any other nation to giue names of mockerie in this sorte As there was one Metellâ—â— surnamed Diadematus the banded bicause he caried a bande about his heade of longe time by reason of a sore he had in his forehead One other of his owne familie was called Celer the quicke flye Bicause a fewe dayes after the death of his father he shewed the people the cruell fight of fensers at vnrebated swordes which they founde wonderfull for the shortnes of time Other had their surnames deriued of some accident of their birthe As to this daye they call him Proculeius that is borne his father being in some farre voyage and him Posthumius that is borne after the deathe of his father And when of two brethern twinnes the one doth dye and thother suruiueth they call the suruiuer Vopiscus Somtimes also they geue surnames deriued of some marke or misfortune of the bodie As Sylla to saye crooked nosed Niger blacke Rufus red Caecus blinde Claudus lame They dyd wisely in this thing to accustome men to thincke that neither the losse of their sight nor other such misfortunes as maye chaunce to men are any shame or disgrace vnto them but the manner was to aunswer boldly to suche names as if they were called by their proper names Howbeit these matters would be better amplified in other stories then this Now when this warre was ended the flatterers of the people beganne to sturre vp sedition
THEATER to see one of the goodliest sightes that they could deuise to wit to see the tyran punished who was openly whipped afterwards put to death Now for Mamercus he did yeld him self vnto Timoleon to be iudged by the SYRACVSANS so that Timoleon might not be his accuser So he was brought vnto SYRACVSA where he attempted to make an oration to the people which he had premeditated long before But seeing that the people cryed out and made a great noyse bicause they would not heare him and that there was no likelyhoode they would pardone him he ranne ouerthwart the THEATER and knocked his head as hard as he could driue vpon one of the degrees whereon they sate there to see the sportes thinking to haue dashed out his braynes haue rid him self sodainely out of his paine But he was not happy to die so for he was taken straight being yet aliue put to death as theues murderers are Thus did Timoleon roote all tyrants out of SICILE make an end of all warres there And wheras he found the whole ile wilde sauage hated of the natural contry men inhabitants of the same for the extreme calamities miseries they suffred he brought it to be so ciuil and so much desired of straungers that they came farre neare to dwell there where the naturall inhabitants of the contry selfe before were glad to flye and forsake it For AGRIGENTVM and GELA two great cities did witnesse this which after the warres of the ATHENIANS had bene vtterly forsaken and destroyed by the CARTHAGINIANS and were then inhabited againe The one by Megellus and Pheristus two Captaines that came from ELEA and the other by Gorgos who came from the I le of CEO And as nere as they could they gathered againe together the first auncient Citizens and inhabitants of the same whom Timoleon did not onely assure of peace and safetie to liue there to settle them quietly together but willingly did helpe them besides with all other thinges necessary to his vttermost meane and abilitie for which they loued and honored him as their father and founder And this his good loue fauor was common also to all other people of SICILE whatsoeuer So that in all SICILE there was no truce taken in warres nor lawes established nor landes deuided nor institucion of any policie or gouernment thought good or auayleable if Timoleons deuise had not bene in it as chiefe director of such matters which gaue him a singular grace to be acceptable to the goddes and generally to be beloued of al mē For in those dayes there were other famous men in GREECE that did maruelous great thinges amongest whom were these Timotheus Agesilaus Pelopidas and Epaminondas which Epaminondas Timoleon sought to follow in all thinges as neare as he could aboue any of them all But in all the actions of these other great Captaines their glorie was alway mingled with violence payne labor so as some of them haue bene touched with reproche and other with repentaunce Whereas contrarywise in all Timoleons doinges that onely excepted which he was forced to doe to his brother there was nothing but they might with trothe as Timaeus sayd proclayme the saying of Sophocles Oh mightie goddes of heauen vvhat Venus stately dame or Cupid god haue thus yput their handes vnto this same And like as Antimachus verses and Dionysius paynting both COLOPHONIANS are ful of synewes strength yet at this present we se they are things greatly labored trauelled with much payne that contrariwise in Nicomachus tables and Homers verses besides the passing workmāship singular grace in thē a man findeth at the first sight that they were easily made without great payne Euen so in like manner whosoeuer will compare the paynefull bloudy warres battels of Epaminondas Agesilaus with the warres of Timoleon in the which besides equitie iustice there is also great ease quietnes he shall finde waying things indifferently that they haue not bene fortunes doings simply but that they came of a most noble fortunat corage Yet he him self doth wisely impute it vnto his good happe fauorable fortune For in his letters he wrote vnto his familiar frendes at CORINTHE in some other oratiōs he made to the people of SYRACVSA he spake it many times that he thanked the almighty gods that it had pleased thē to saue deliuer SICILE from bondage by his meanes seruice to geue him the honor dignitie of the name And hauing builded a temple in his house he did dedicate it vnto fortune furthermore did consecrate his whole house vnto her For he dwelt in a house the SYRACVSANS kept for him gaue him in recompence of the good seruice he had done them in the warres with a maruelous faire pleasaunt house in the contrie also where he kept most whē he was at leisur For he neuer after returned vnto CORINTHE againe but sent for his wife and children to come thither and neuer delt afterwards with those troubles that fell out amongest the GREECIANS nether did make him selfe to be enuied of the cittizens a mischiefe that most gouernors and captains do fal into through their vnsatiable desire of honor authoritie but liued al the rest of his life after in SICILE reioycing for the great good he had done and specially to see so many cities and thowsands of people happy by his meanes But bicause it is an ordinary matter and of necessitie as Simonides saith that not only al larkes haue a tuft vpon their heades but also that in all citties there be accusers where the people rule there were two of those at SYRACVSA that continually made orations to the people who did accuse Timoleon the one called Laphystius and the other Demaenetus So this Laphystius appointing Timoleon a certen day to come aunswere to his accusation before the people thinking to conuince him the cittizens began to mutine wold not in any case suffer the day of adiornement to take place But Timoleon did pacifie them declaring vnto them that he had taken all the extreame paines labor he had done and had passed so many daungers bicause euery cittizen inhabitant of SYRACVSA might franckly vse the libertie of their lawes And another time Demaenetus in open assembly of the people reprouing many thinges Timoleon did when he was generall Timoleon aunswered neuer a word but onely said vnto the people that he thanked the goddes they had graunted him the thing he had so oft requested of them in his praiers which was that he might once see the SYRACVSANS haue full power and libertie to say what they would Now Timoleon in all mens opinion had done the noblest actes that euer GREECIAN captaine did in his time and had aboue deserued the fame and glory of al the noble exploytes whiche the rethoricians with all their eloquent orations perswaded the
after Marcellus beinge againe chosen Consull the thirde time went into SICILE For Hannibals prosperous successe and victories had so incoraged the CARTHAGINIANS as they sought againe to conquer this Ilande and specially bicause that after the death of Hieronimus the tyran there rose some tumult at SYRACVSA Vppon which occasion the ROMAINES had sent an army thither before and a Praetor called Appius at whose handes Marcellus hauing receiued the army a great number of the ROMAINES became humble suters to him to pray him to aide them in their calamity which was this Of those that scaped from the battell of CANNES some saued them selues by flying other were taken prisoners of which there were such a number as it appeared that ROME had not people enough left onely to keepe the walles Neuertheles those few that remained their hartes were so great that they woulde neuer redeeme the prisoners which Hannibal was contented to deliuer them vppon small ransome but made a decree they should not be redeemed and so suffered some of them to be killed others to be solde for slaues out of ITALIE And moreouer those that saued them selues by flying they sent straight into SICILE commaunding they should not once set foote againe in ITALIE whilest they had warres with Hanniball These were the men that came altogether and fell downe at Marcellus feete so soone as he arriued in SICILE humbly besought him to appoint them to serue vnder some ensigne that they might fight to do their contrie honor and seruice promising him with teares running downe their cheekes that their faithfull seruice then should witnesse for them that the ouerthrow they had a CANNES fell apon them rather by misfortune then through lacke of corage Whereupon Marcellus hauing compassion on them wrote to the Senate in their fauor prayed them that they would graunt him licence to supply the bands of his army as they diminished with those poore ROMAINES his contrymen Many reasons passed to and fro against this sute neuertheles it was concluded in the ende by the Senate that the common wealth made no reckening of the seruice of faint harted men like women wherefore if Marcellus thought good of their seruice yet it shoulde not be lawfull for him to giue them any crownes or rewards of honor for any notable seruice soeuer they did as all generalles are wont to giue to honest men that serue valliantly This order of the Senate misliked Marcellus very much who at his returne home out of SICILE made his complaint in open Senate and told them they did him manifest wrong to deny him that fauor that hauing done his common wealth such faithful seruice diuerse times as he had done he might not restore so many poore ROMAINES to their honor againe Nowe when Marcellus was in SICILE he receiued great hurtes and iniuries by Hippocrates generall of the SYRACVSANS who to pleasure CARTHAGINIANS and by their meanes to make him selfe chiefe Lord of SYRACVSA did put many ROMAINE citizens to death Whereupon Marcellus went and layed siege to the city of the LEONTINES and when he had taken it by assault he hurt neuer a townes man nor naturall citizen of the same but such traytors as he founde there and had fled from his campe yelded to the enemies them he caused to be whipped and then hanged But notwithstanding Hippocrates had before caused it to be bruted at SYRACVSA that Marcellus had put all the LEONTINES to the sword not sparing litle children and afterwards Hippocrates comming thither on the sodaine in the feare and garboyle of this false brute he easily tooke the city Marcellus hearing Hippocrates had taken SYRACVSA left forthwith the LEONTINES went with his whole army camped hard by SYRACVSA and sent his Ambassadors to tell the SYRACVSANS truely what he had done in the city of the LEONTINES and quite contrarie to that they were informed of Howbeit that preuailed not for they beleued not Marcellus bicause Hippocrates being the stronger had wonne the city Wherupon he beganne then to approch the walles and to assault in euery quarter as well by sea as by lande Appius tooke charge of them that gaue assault by lande Marcellus him selfe with three score galleyes of fiue owers at euery bancke well armed and full of all sortes of artillery and fire works did assault by sea and rowed hard to the walle hauing made a great engine and deuise of battery vppon eight galleyes chained together to batter the walle trusting in the great multitude of his engines of battery and to all such other necessarie prouision as he had for warres as also in his owne reputacion But Archimedes made light accompt of all his deuises as in deede they were nothinge comparable to the engines him selfe had inuented and yet were not his owne such as him selfe did recken of to shew singularity of worke and deuise For those he had made were but his recreations of Geometry and thinges done to passe the time with at the request of king Hieron who had prayed him to call to minde a litle his geometricall speculation and to apply it to thinges corporall and sencible and to make the reason of it demonstratiue and plaine to the vnderstanding of the common people by experiments and to the benefit and commodity of vse For this inuentiue arte to frame instruments and engines which are called mechanicall or organicall so highly commended and esteemed of all sortes of people were first set forth by Architas and by Eudoxus partely to beawtifie a litle the science of Geometry by this finenes and partly to proue and confirme by materiall examples and sencible instruments certeine Geometrical conclusions whereof a man can not finde out the conceiueable demonstrations by enforced reasons and proofes As that conclusion which instructeth one to searche out two lynes meane proportionall which can not be proued by reason demonstratiue and yet notwithstandinge is a principall and an accepted grounde for many thinges which are conteined in the arte of portraiture Both of them haue facioned it to the workemanship of certeine instruments called Mesolabes or Mesographes which serue to finde these meane lines proportionall by drawing certaine curue lines and ouerthwart and oblike sextions But after that Plato was offended with them and mainteined against them that they did vtterly corrupt and disgrace the worthines excellency of Geometry making it to discende from things not comprehensible and without body vnto things sencible and materiall and to bringe it to a palpable substance where the vile and base handie worke of man is to be employed since that time I say handy craft or the arte of engines came to be separated from Geometry and being long time despised by the Philosophers it came to be one of the warlike artes But Archimedes hauinge tolde king Hieron his kinseman and very frende that it was possible to remoue as great a weight as he would with as litle
their campe but the most parte of them ranne to the citie of PLATAEES and were maruelously out of order dispersing them selues here and there and set vp their tents where they thought good before the places were appointed for them and there were none that taried behinde but the LACEDAEMONIANS onely and that was against their willes For one of their Captaines called Amompharetus a maruelous hardie man that feared no daunger and longed sore for battell he was in such a rage with these triflinge delayes that he cried is out in the campe that this remouinge was a goodly runninge away and sware he woulde not from thence but woulde there tary Mardonius comminge with his companie Pausanias went to him and tolde him he must doe that the other GREECIANS hadde consented to in counsell by most voyces But Amompharetus tooke a great stone in his handes and threw it downe at Pausanias feete and told him there is the signe I geue to conclude battel and I passe not for all your cowardly conclusions Amompharetus stubbornnesse did so amaze Pausanias that he was at his wittes ende So he sent vnto the ATHENIANS that were onwardes on their way to pray them to tary for him that they might goe together and there withall made the rest of his menne to marche towardes the citie of PLATAEES supposinge thereby to haue drawen Amompharetus to haue followed him or else he ment to remaine alone behinde But in triflinge thus the day brake and Mardonius vnderstandinge that the GREECIANS did forsake their first lodging he made his army presently marche in battell ray to sette apon the LACEDAEMONIANS So the barbarous people made great showtes and cries not thinking to goe fight but to goe sacke and spoyle the GREECIANS flyinge away as in deede they did litle better For Pausanias seeinge the countenaunce of his enemies made his ensignes to stay and commaunded euery man to prepare to fight but he forgate to geue the GREECIANS the signall of the battell either for the anger he tooke against Amompharetus or for the sodayne onset of the enemies which made them that they came not in straight nor altogether to the battell after it was begonne but stragglinge in small companies some here and some there In the meane time Pausanias was busie in sacrificinge to the goddes and seeinge that the first sacrifices were not acceptable vnto them by the Soothsayers obseruations they made he commaunded the SPARTANS to throwe their targettes at their feete and not to sturre out of their places but onely to doe as he bad them without resistinge their enemies When he hadde geuen this straight order he went againe and did sacrifice when the horsemen of the enemies were at hande and that their arrowes flewe amongest the thickest of the LACEDAEMONIANS and did hurte diuerse of them and specially poore Callicrates amonge the rest that was one of the goodliest menne in all the GREECIANS hoste and armie He hauing his deathes wounde with an arrow before he gaue vppe the ghost sayed his death did not greue him bicause he came out of his contrie to dye for the defence of GREECE but it greued him to dye so cowardly hauinge geuen the enemie neuer a blowe His death was maruelous lamentable and the constancy of the SPARTANS wonderfull for they neuer stirred out of their places nor made any countenaunce to defende them selues against their enemies that came apon them but suffred them selues to be thrust through with arrowes and slaine in the field lookinge for the houre the goddes would appoint them and that their Captaine would commaunde them to fight Some wryte also that as Pausanias was at his prayers and doing sacrifice vnto the goddes a litle behinde the battell certeine of the LYDIANS came apon him and ouerthrew and tooke away all his sacrifice and how Pausanias and those that were about him hauinge no other weapons in their handes draue them awaye with force of staues and whippes In memorie whereof they saye there is a solemne procession kept at SPARTA on that daye which they call the LYDIANS procession where they whippe and beate younge boyes about the aulter Then was Pausanias in great distresse to see the Priestes offer sacrifice vppon sacrifice and that not one of them pleased the goddes at the last he turned his eyes to the temple of Iuno and wept and holdinge vp his handes besought Iuno Cithâ—râ—â— and all the other goddes patrones and protectors of the contry of the PLATAEIANS that if it were not the will of the goddes the GREECIANS shoulde haue the victorie yet that the conquerors at the least should buie their deathes dearely and that they shoulde finde they fought against valliant men and worthy souldiers Pausanias had no sooner ended his prayer but the sacrifices fell out very fauorable insomuch the Priestes and Soothsayers came to promise him victory Thereupon he straight gaue commaundement to march toward the enemy which flew from man to man incontinently how they shoulde march So as he that hadde seene the SquadroÌ„ of the LACEDAEMONIANS would haue said it had bene like the body of a fierce beast raising vp his bristels preparing to fight Then the barbarous people saw they shoulde haue a hotte battell and that they should mete with men that would fight it out to the death wherefore they couered their bodies with great targets after the PERSIAN facion bestowed their arrowes lustely apon the LACEDAEMONIANS But they keeping close together and coueringe them selues with their shieldes marched on stil apon them vntill they came to ioyne with the enemy so lustely that they made their targets flie out of their hands with the terrible thrustes and blowes of their pikes speares apon their breastes and ouerthwart their faces that they slew many of them and layed them on the grounde For all that they dyed not cowardly but tooke the LACEDAEMONIANS pikes and speares in their bare hands and brake them in two by strength of their armes and then they quickely pluckt out their cimeters and axes and lustely layed about them and wrong the LACEDAEMONIANS shields out of their hands by force and fought it out with theÌ„ a great while hand to hand Now whilest the LACEDAEMONIANS were busily fighting with the barbarous people the ATHENIANS stoode still imbattelled farre of kept their ground But when they saw the LACEDAEMONIANS tary so long that they came not and heard a maruelous noyse of men as though they were fighting and besides that there came a speedy messenger vnto them sent from Pausanias to let theÌ„ vnderstand they were fighting then they marched with all speede they could to help them But as they were comming on a great pace ouer the playne vnto that parte where they heard the noyse the GREECIANS that were on Mardonius side came against them Aristides seeing them coÌ„ming towards them went a good way before his company cried out as loude as he could for life and coniured the GREECIANS in the name
desirous to bring his men safe home againe who most of loue had followed him beganne to marche away through narrow bushy places him selfe being in the rereward and turned oftentimes vpon his enemies skirmished with them onely to driue them away from followinge of the rest of his company and not a man that durst once set apon him for they did but cry outaloofe and wheele as it were about him Howebeit Philopoemen sundry times venturinge farre from his company to geue these young noble men leasure to saue them selues one after an other tooke no heede to him selfe that he was alone enuironned on euery side with a great number of ennemies Notwithstandinge of all his enemies there was not a man that durst come to hande strokes with him but still slinging and shooting at him a farre of they draue him in the end amongest stony places betwene hewen rockes where he had much a doe to guide his horse although he had spurred him that he was all of a gore blood And as for his age that did not lette him but he might haue saued him selfe for he was strong and lusty by the continuall exercise he tooke but by cursed happe his body being weake with sickenes and weary with the long iorney he had made that day he founde him selfe very heauy and ill disposed that his horse stumbling with him threwe him to the grounde His fall was very great and brused all his head that he lay for dead in the place a great while and neuer sturred nor spake so that his enemies thinkinge he had bene dead came to turne his body to strippe him But when they saw him lift vp his head and open his eyes then many of them fell all at once apon him and tooke him and bounde both his hands behinde him and did all the villany and mischiefe they could vnto him and such as one would litle haue thought Dinocrates would haue vsed in that sorte or that he could haue had such an ill thought towardes him So they that taried behinde in the city of MESSINA were maruelous glad when they heard these newes and ranne all to the gates of the city to see him brought in When they saw him thus shamefully bounde and pinnioned against the dignity of so many honors as he had receiued and of so many triumphes and victories as he had passed the most parte of them wept for pitie to consider the mishappe and ill fortune of mans nature where there is so litle certainety as in maner it is nothing Then beganne there some curteous speeche to runne in the mouthes of the people by litle and litle that they should remember the great good he had done vnto them in times past and the liberty he had restored them vnto when he expulsed the tyran Nabis out of MESSINA But there were other againe howbeit very few that to please Dinocrates sayed they should hang him on a gibbet and put him to death as a daungerous enemy and that would neuer forgiue man that had once offended him and the rather bicause he would be more terrible to Dinocrates then euer he was before if he escaped his hands receiuing such open shame by him Neuertheles in the end they caried him into a certen dungeon vnder the ground called the treasury which had neither light nor ayer at all into it nor dore nor half dore but a great stone rolled on the mouth of the dungeon and so they did let him downe the same and stopped the hole againe with the stone and watched it with armed men for to keepe him Now when these younge noble ACHAIAN horsemen had fled vppon the spurre a great way from the enemy they remembred them selues looked round about for Philopoemen finding him not in sight they supposed straight he had bene slaine Thereuppon they stayed a great while and called for him by name and perceiuing he aunswered not they beganne to say among them selues they were beastes and cowardes to flie in that sorte and how they were dishonored for euer so to haue forsaken their Captaine to saue themselues who had not spared his owne life to deliuer them from daunger Hereupon ryding on their way and enquiring still for him they were in the end aduertised how he was taken And then they went caried those newes through all the townes and cities of ACHAIA which were very sory for him and tooke it as a signe of great ill fortune toward them Wherupon they agreed to send Ambassadors forthwith to the MESSENIANS to demaunde him and in the meane time euery man should prepare to arme them selues to go thither and get him either by force or loue When the ACHAIANS had thus sent Dinocrates feared nothing so much as that delay of time might saue Philopoemenes life wherefore to preuent it as soone as night came and that the people were at rest he straight caused the stone to be rolled from the mouth of the dungeon and willed the hangman to be let downe to Philopoemen with a cuppe of poison to offer him who was commaunded also not to goe from him vntill he had dronke it When the hangman was come downe he found Philopoemen layed on the grounde apon a litle cloke hauinge no lift to sleepe he was so grieuously troubled in his minde Who when he sawe light and the man standing by him holding a cuppe in his hande with this poison he sate vpright vpon his cowch howbeit with great paine he was so weake and taking the cuppe in his hande asked the hangman if he heard any newes of the horsemen that came with him and specially of Lycortas The hangman made him answer that the most of them were saued Then he cast his handes a litle ouer his head and looking merely on him he sayd it is well seeing we are not all vnfortunate Therewith speaking no moe wordes nor makinge other a doe he droncke vp all the poison and layed him downe as before So nature straue not much withall his body being brought so lowe and thereupon the poison wrought his effect and rid him straight out of his paine The newes of his death ran presently through all ACHAIA which generally from high to low was lamented Whereupon all the ACHAIAN youth and counsellors of their cities and townes assembled them selues in the city of MEGALIPOLIS where they all agreed without delay to reuenge his death They made Lycortas their Generall vnder whose conduct they inuaded the MESSENIANS with force and violence puttinge all to the fire and sword so as the MESSENIANS were so feared with this mercilesse fury that they yelded them selues and wholly consented to receiue the ACHAIANS into their city But Dinocrates would not giue them leasure to execute him by iustice for he killed him selfe and so did all the rest make themselues away who gaue aduise that Philopoemen should be put to death But those that would haue had Philopoemen hanged on a gibbet Lycortas
it be a newter frend vnto them both King Antigonus agreed vnto it and gaue them his sonne for hostage Pyrrus also made theÌ„ fayer promise to do so too but bicause he gaue no caution nor sufficient pledge to performe it they mistrusted him the more Then there fel out many great wonderful tokens as wel vnto Pyrrus as vnto the ARGIVES For Pyrrus hauing sacrificed oxen their heades being striken of from their bodies they thrust out their tongues and licked vp their owne blood And within the city of ARGOS a sister of the temple of Apollo Lycias called Apollonide ranne through the streetes crying out that she saw the city full of murder and blood running all about and an Eagle that came vnto the fraye howbeit she vanished away sodainly and no body knewe what became of her Pyrrus then comminge hard to the walles of ARGOS in the night finding one of the gates called Diamperes opened by Aristeas he put in his GAVLES who possessed the market place before the citizens knew any thing of it But bicause the gate was too low to passe the elephantes through with their towers vpon their backes they were driuen to take them of afterwards when they were within to put them on in the darke in tumulte by reason whereof they lost much time so that the citizens in the ende perceiued it and ran incontinently vnto the castell of Aspides and into other strong places of the city And therewithall they sent with present speede vnto Antigonus to pray him to come and helpe them and so he did and after he was come hard to the walles he remained without with the skowtes in the meane time sent his sonne with his chiefest Captaines into the towne who brought a great number of good souldiers and men of warre with them At the same time also arriued Areus king of SPARTA with a thowsand of the CRETANS and most lusty SPARTANS all which ioyning together came to geue a charge vpoÌ„ the GAVLES that were in the market place who put them in a maruelous feare hazard Pyrrus entering on that side also of the city called Cylarabis with terrible noyse cries when he vnderstoode that the GAVLES aunswered him not lustely and coragiously he doubted straight that it was the voyce of men distressed and that had their handes full Wherefore he came on with speede to relieue them thrusting the horsemen forwards that marched before him with great daunger and paine by reason of holes and sinckes and water conduites whereof the city was full By this meane there was a wonderfull confusion amongest them as may be thought fightinge by night where no man saw what he had to doe nor could heare what was commaunded by reason of the great noyse they made straying here and there vp and downe the streetes thâ—ne scattered from the other neither could the Captaines set their men in order as wel for the darkenes of the night as also for the confused tumult that was all the city ouer for that the streetes also were very narrow And therefore they remained on both sides without doing any thing looking for day light at the dawning wherof Pyrrus perceiued the castel of Aspides ful of his armed enemies And furthermore sodainly as he was come into the market place amoÌ„gest many other goodly common workes sette out to beautifie the same he spied the images of a bull and a woulfe in copper the which sought one with an other This sight made him afrayed bicause at that present he remembred a prophecy that had bene tolde him that his end and death should be when he sawe a woulfe and a bull fight together The ARGIVES reporte that these images were set vp in the market place for the remembraunce of a certaine chaunce that had happened in their contrie For when Danaus came thither first by the way called Pyramia as one would say land sowen with corne in the contry of THYREATIDE he saw as he went a woulfe fight with a bull whereupon he stayed to see what the end of their fight would come to supposing the case in him selfe that the woulfe was of his side bicause that being a straunger as he was he came to set vppon the naturall inhabitantes of the contry The woulfe in the ende obtained the victory wherefore Danaus making his prayer vnto Apollo Lycias followed on his enterprise had so good successe that he draue Gelanor out of ARGOS who at that time was king of the ARGIVES And thus you heare the cause why they say these images of the woulfe and bull were set vp in the market place of ARGOS Pyrrus being halfe discoraged with the sight of them and also bicause nothinge fell out well according to his expectations thought best to retyre but fearing the straitenesse of the gates of the city he sent vnto his sonne Helenus whome he had left without the city with the greatest parte of his force and army commaunding him to ouerthrow a peece of the wall that his men might the more readily get out and that he might receiue them if their enemies by chaunce did hinder their comming out But the messenger whom he sent was so hasty and fearefull with the tumult that troubled him in going out that he did not well vnderstand what Pyrrus sayd vnto him but reported his message quite contrary Whereuppon they young prince Helenus taking the best foâ—â—â—sors he had with him and the rest of his elephantes entred into the city of helpe his father who was now geuing backe and so long as he had roome to fight at ease retyring still he valliantly repulsed those that set vpon him turning his face oft vnto them But when he was driuen vnto the streete that went from the market place to the gate of the city he was kept in with his owne men that entered at the same gate to helpe him But they coulde not heare when Pyrrus cried out and bad them go backe the noyse was so great and though the first had heard him and would haue gone backe yet they that were behinde and did stil thrust forward into the prease did not permit them Besides this moreouer the biggest of all the elephantes by misfortune fell downe ouerthwart the gate where he grindinge his teeth did hinder those also that would haue comen out and geuen backe Furthermore an other of the elephantes that were entred before into the city called Nicon as much to say as conquering seeking his gouernor that was striken downe to the ground from his backe with terrible blowes ran vpon theÌ„ that came backe vpon him ouerthrowing frendes and foes one in an others necke til at the length hauing founde the body of his master slaine he lift him vp from the ground with his troncke and carying him vpon his two tushes returned backe with great fury treading all vnder feete he found in his way Thus euery man being thronged and crowded
order him selfe had made touching the reformation of banckets comforting his sorrow with ordinary feastes full of all vanity and lasciuiousnes Within a fewe monethes after he had fensers games at the sharpe and the roomes of the Theater being open and vnseuered men and women sitting together it fortuned that there was a fayer Lady and of a noble house that sat hard by Sylla called Vaeleria she was the daughter of Messala and sister of Hortensius the orator and had bene diuorsed not long before from her husbande This Lady passing by Sylla behinde him did softly put her hand on his shoulder and tooke a heare from of his gowne and so went on to her place and sat her downe Sylla marueling at this familiarity looked earnestly vpon her it is nothing my Lord quod she but that I desire with others to be partaker a litle of your happines Her words misliked not Sylla but contrarily he shewed that she had tickled him with them for he sent straight to aske her name and enquired of what house she was and how she had liued But after many slye lookes betwene them they turned their faces one to an other vpon euery occasion with prety smyling countenaunces so that in the end they came to promise contract mariage together for the which Valeria was not to be blamed For though she was as wise as honest and as vertuous a Lady as could be possible yet the occasion that made Sylla mary her was neither good nor commendable bicause he was taken straight with a looke and a fine tongue as if he had bene but a young boy which commonly shew forth the filthiest passions of the minde to be so caried and with such motions Now notwithstanding he had this fayer young Lady in his house he left not the company of women minstrells tumblers and to haue pleasaunt ieasters and musitians about him with whome he would lye wallowing and drinking all the day long vppon litle cowches made for the nonest For his companions that were in greatest estimacion with him at that time were these three Roscius a maker of common playes Sorex a prince of scoffers and one Metrobius a singing man whom he was in loue withall while he liued yet did not dissemble his loue though he was past age to be beloued This wicked life of his was cause of increasing his disease the originall cause whereof had a light foundacion at the first For he liued a great time before he perceiued that he had an impostume in his body the which by processe of time came to corrupt his fleshe in such some that it turned all to lice so that notwithstanding he had many men about him to shift him continually night and day yet the lyce they wiped away were nothing in respect of them that multiplied still vpon him And there was neither apparell linnen bathes washing nor meate it selfe but was presently filled with swarmes of this vile vermine For he went many times in the day into the bathe to washe and clense him selfe of them but all would not serue for the chaunging of his flesh into this putriture wanne it straight againe that there was no clensing nor shifting of him that could kepe such a nūber of lyce from him Some say that in old time amongest the most auncientest men whereof there is any memory Acastus the sonne of Pelias dyed of the lowsie euill and long time after also the Poet Alcman and Pherecides the deuine and so did Callisthenes OLYNTHIAN in prison and Mutius a wise lawyer And if we shall make mencion of those that are famous men although it be not in any good matter we finde that a bonde man called Eunus he that was the first procurer of the warres of the bondmen in SICILIA being taken and caried to ROME dyed also of the same disease Furthermore Sylla did not only foresee his death but he wrote some thing of it also for he made an end of wryting the two and twenty booke of his commentaries two dayes before he dyed In that booke he sayth that the wise men of CHALDEA had told him long before that after he had liued honorably he should ende his dayes in the flower of all his prosperity And there he sayth also that his sonne who departed a litle before his mother Metella appeared to him in his sleepe apparrelled in an ill fauored gowne and that comminge vnto him he prayed him he would go with him vnto Metella his mother thenceforth to liue in peace and rest with her But for all his disease he would not geue ouer to deale in matters of state For tenne dayes before his death he pacified a sedition and tumult risen among the inhabitantes of the city of PVYLOLANVM in Italian called POZZOLO and there he gaue them lawes and ordinaunces werby hey should gouerne them selues And the day before he dyed hearing that Granius who was in debt to the common wealth defferred payment of his money looking for his death he 〈…〉 for him and made him come into his chamber and there caused his men to compasse him about and commaunded them to strangle him in his fight The passion of his anger was so vehement against him that by the extreame straining of him selfe he brake the impostume in his body so as there gushed out a wonderfull deale of blood by reason whereof his strength failing him he was full of paine and panges that night and so dyed leauing the two litle children he had by Metella For Valeria was brought to bed of a daughter after his death which was called Posthumia bicause the ROMANES call those children that are borne after the death of their fathers Posthumi Now when Sylla was dead many gathered about the Consull Lepidus to let that his body should not be honorably buried as they were accustomed to bury noble men men quality But Pompey though he was angry with Sylla bicause he had geue him nothing in his will and had remembred all his other frendes yet he made some for loue some by intreaty and others with threatning to let it alone and accompanying the corps in to ROME gaue both safety and honor vnto the performance of his funeralls And it is sayd also that the ROMANE Ladies amongest other things bestowed such a quantity of perfumes odoriferous matter towardes the same that besides those which were brought in two hundred and tenne great baskets they made a great image to the likenes of Sylla him selfe and an other of a sergeaunt carying the axes before him all of excellent incence synamon When the day of the funeralls came fearing least it would raine in the forenone all the element doing so clowdly they deferred to cary forth the body to be burnt vntill past three of the clocke in the afternone And then rose there such a sodaine boysterous winde that it set all the stake of woode straight a fire that the body was
could do them but litle hurt and yet were very likely to take the greater harme them selues For as fast as the ROMANES came apon them so fast did the PARTHIANS flie from them and yet in flying continued still their shooting which no nation but the Sâ—â—â—â—Dâ—â—S could better doe than they being a matter in deede most greatly to their aduantage For by their fight they best doe saue them selues and fighting still they therby shunne the shame of that their flying The ROMANES still defended them selues and held it out so long as they had any hope that the PARTHIANS would leaue fighting where they had spent their arrowes or would ioyne battell with them But after they vnderstoode that their were a great number of camels lodeÌ„n with quiuers full of arrowes where the first that had bestowed their arrowes fetched about to take new quiuers then Crassus seeing no end of their shotte began to faint and sent to Publius his sonne willing him in any case to charge vpon the enemies and to geue nan onset before they were compassed in on euery side For it was on Publius side that one of the winges of the enemies battell was neerest vnto them and where they rode vp and downe to compasse them behinde Whereuppon Crassus sonne taking thirteene hundred horsemen with him of the which a thowsand were of the men of armes whom Iulius Caesar sent and fiue hundred shot with eight enfignes of footemen hauing targets most neere to the place where him selfe then was â—he put them but in bredth that wheling about they might geue a charge vpon them that rode vp downe But they seeing him comming turned straight their horse and fled either bicause they met in a marrisse or else of purpose to begine this young Crassus intising him thereby as farre from his father as they could Publius Crassus seeing them flye cried out these men will not abide vs and so spurted on for life after them so did Censorinus and Megabacchus with him the one a Senatour of ROME a very eloquent man the other a stowte coragious valliant man of warre both of them Crassus well approued frendes and in maner of his owne yeares Now the horsemen of the ROMANES being trained out thus to the chase their footemen also would not abide behinde nor shew them selues to haue lesse hope ioy and corage then their horsemen had For they thought all had bene won and that there was no more to do but to follow the chase till they were gone farre from the army and then they found the deceit For the horsemen that fled before them sodainly turned againe and a number of others besides came and set vpon them Whereuppon they stayed thinking that the enemies perceiuing they were so few would come and fight with them hande to hande Howbeit they set out against them their men at armes with their barbed horse made their light horsemen whele rounde about them keeping non order at all who galloping vp and downe the plaine whurled vp the sand hilles from the bottome with their horse feete which raised such a wonderfull dust that the ROMANES could scarce see or speake one to an other For they being shut vp into a litle roome and standing close one to an other were sore wounded with the PARTHIANS arrowes and died of a cruell lingring death crying out for anguish and paine they felt and turning and tormenting them selues apon the sande they brake the arrowes sticking in them Againe striuing by force to plucke out the forked arrowe heades that had pearced farre into their bodies through their vaines sinewes thereby they opened their woundes wider and so cast them selues away Many of them dyed thus miserably 〈…〉 tyred and such as dyed not were not able to defend them selues Then when Publius Crassus prayed and besought them to charge the men at armes with their barbed horse they shewed him their handes fast nailed so that targets with arrowes their feete likewise shot 〈…〉 and raised to the ground so as they could neither flie nor yet defende them selues Thereâ—pon him selfe incoraging his horsemen went and gaue a charge and did valliantly set vppon thenemies but it was with too great disaduantage both for offence and also for defence For him selfe and his men with weake light staues brake apon them that were armed with 〈…〉 races of sâ—â—cke or stiffe leather iackes And the PARTHIANS in contrary manner with mighâ—â— strong pykes gaue charge apon these GAVLES which were either warmed or else but lightly armed Yet those were they in whom Crassus most trusted hauing done wonderfull 〈…〉 of warre with them For they receiued the PARTHIANS pykes in their handes tooke them about the middells and threw them of their horse where they lay on the ground and could not storre for the weight of their harnesse and there were diuers of them also that lighting from their horse lay vnder their enemies horse bellies thrust their swordes into them That horse flinging bounding in the ayer for very paine threw their maisters vnder feete their enemies one apon an other in the end fell dead among them Moreouer euer came 〈…〉 and thirst did maruelously comber the GAVLES who were vsed to abide neither of both and the most parte of their horse were slaine charging with al their power apon the men at armed of the PARTHIANS and so ranne them selues in apon the pointes of their pikes At the length they were driuen to retyre towardes their footemen Publius Crassus among them who was very ill by reason of the woundes he had receiued And seeing a sand hill by chaunce not faâ— from them they went thither setting their horse in the middest of it compassed it in round with their targets thinking by this meanes to couer and defende them selues the better from the barbarous people howbeit they founde it contrary For the contry being plaine they in the formest ranckes did somewhat couer them behinde but they that were behinde standing heir than they that stoode formest by reason of the nature of the hill that was hiest in the middest could by no meanes saue them selues but were all hurt alike as well the one as the other bewailing their owne miserie and misfortune that must needes dye without reuenge or declaration of their valliancy At that present time there were two GRAECIANS about Publius Crassus Hitronymus and Nitomachus who dwelt in those quarters in the city of CARRâ—â— they both counselled P. Crassus to steale away with them and to flie to a city called ISCHNES that was not farre from thence and tooke the ROMANES parte But P. aunswered them that there was no death so cruell as could make him forsake them that dyed for his sake When he had so sayd wishing them to saue them selues he embraced them tooke his leaue of them and being very sore hurt with the shot of an arrow through one of his handes commaunded one of his gentlemen to
vvarres His ambition notwithstanding couetous desire of rule did nothing benefit the ROMANES For the ATHENIANS sent Nicias to the warre against his will but Crassus led the ROMANES thither against their willes So that the common wealth fell into miserie by the one and the other through the common wealth was brought into miserie and yet therein there is rather cause to praise Nicias than to blame Crassus For Nicias like a wise man a Captaine of great experience could neuer so much as be brought to thinke they should conquer SICILE and therfore disswaded his contrymen from the iorney would geue no place to the vaine hope of the people of ATHENS But Crassus taking apon him to make warres with the PARTHIANS as though it had bene an easie matter to ouercome them found him selfe deceiued yet did he aspire to great thinges For as Iulius Caesar had conquered subdued to the Imperiall crowne of ROME all the contries of the West partes to say the GAVLES the GERMAINES and ENGLANDE euen so did Crassus desire to goe towardes the East partes to conquer all to the great west sea of the INDIANS and to subdue all the regions of ASIA whereunto Pompey and Lucullus aspired being both very noble personages and such as euer curteously behaued them selues to all men notwithstanding prouoked thereunto with the like desire that Crassus had For wheÌ„ the charge of the warres in the East partes was assigned to Pompey by decree order of the people the Senate vtterly misliked it and were against it all they could When newes were brought to ROME that Iulius Caesar in battell had ouerthrowen and slaine three hundred thowsand GERMAINES Cato perswading with the Senate was yet stil of this minde that Caesar should be deliuered into the handes of his enemies whom he had ouercomen for to be puâ—isned thereby to turne the sharpe reuenge and wrathe of the goddes from ROME apon him only that was the vniust breaker of the peace This notwithstaÌ„ding the people making none account of Catoes perswasions made common feastes processions fifteene dayes together and open sacrifices to the goddes with great ioy through the citie to thanke them for this famous victory How glad may we thinke would they haue bene and howe many dayes would they haue feasted and sacrificed if Crassus had wrytten from BABYLON of his victory and that he had conquered all the realmes of the MEDES of the PERSIANS of the HYRCANIAMS of SVSE and of the BACTRIANS and that he had made new gouernments and prouinces to the Empire of ROME If a man vvill needes doe vvrong and iniustice As Euripides sayth to them that can not liue in peace and be contented with their owne he must not then sticke at trifles as rasing of a castell of Scandia or of a citie of MENDA or chasing of the AEGINETES being out of their owne naturall contrie and hiding them selues like birdes without neastes in an other birdes hole but must dearely sell the wrong he doth and not lightly contemne iustice as a thing of small account For they that will commend the intent of Alexander the great in his voyage for the conquestes he made in the East and doe dispraise Crassus voyage doe not well to iudge of the beginning by the euentes and successe of the end For executing of their offices Nicias did many noble exploytes For he ouerthrew his enemies in diuers battell and had almost taken the citie of SYRACVSA and sure they can not iustely blame him for all the misfortunes that chaunced in the warre of SICILIA but partely the plague was a cause of it and partely also the enuie of those towardes him that remainde at ATHENS Where as Crassus ranne into so many errors and committed such foule partes in all his voyage that he gaue fortune no leasure to do him good so that I wonder not so much that his folly was ouercome by the power of the PARTHIANS as that it could ouercome the good fortune of the ROMANES Sithens it so falleth out theÌ„ that they both came to 〈…〉 vnfortunate end Nicias prognosticating before what thinges should happen by arte and rule of diuination and Crassus contrarily disdaining to obserue any thing sure it falleth out hard in iudgement which of them two proceeded with most safety Yet according to the best approued opinions a fault committed of feare is more excusable then of rashnes and folly to breake any auncient law or custome For their deathes Crassus end deserued least reproache For he against his will did yeelde him selfe and was neither bound nor mocked but only perswaded by his frendes and through his enemies frawde and treason most traiterously deceiued where Nicias cowardly and dishonorably hoping to saue his life trusting to the mercy of his enemies made his death more infamous THE LIFE OF Sertorius PEraduenture it is not to be maruelled at if in long proces of time fortune altering her effectes dayly these worldly euentes fall often out one like an other For whether it be that the variety of thinges are infinite fortune hath store of matter apt enough to worke to likenes or be it that worldly matters be compreheÌ„ded within determinate number of necessitie one thing must fall out like an other since they proceede from one cause tyed to the same meanes it before did vse But bicause men doe delight to compare such chaunces together as they haue seene or heard to haue happened so like as if they had bene done of purpose th one by the example of the other as that of two men being both named Attis both of them commen of noble houses th one in SYRIA and the other in ARCADIA both the one and the other were slaine with a wild bore That of two called Actaeon the one was torne a peeces by his dogges the other by his louers That of the two famous Scipioes CARTHAGINIANS were first ouercomen by the one and afterwards vtterly destroyed by the other That the citie of TROYE was first taken by Hercules for the horses that Laomedon had promised him the seconde time by Agamemnon by meanes of the great wodden horse and the third time by Charidemus by meanes of a horse that fell within the gate kept the TTROYANS that they could not shutte it in time And that of two sweete smelling plantes IOS and SMYENA two cities were named the one signifying the Violet and the other Myrre it is supposed that the Poet Homer was borne in the one and that he dyed in the other we may also adde to this example that amongest the auncient Captaines the greatest warriers and that haue done the noblest exploytes by wit and warlike stratageames had but one eye as Philip Antigonus Hanniball and Sertorius also whom we wryte of at this present Whom we may truely reporte to haue bene more chast than Philip more faithfull to his frend than Antigonus more curteous to his enemies than Hannibal and for wisdom and
an other without any playing or vncomely talke In the middest of supper they that sought occasion of quarrell beganne to speake lewde wordes counterfeating to be dronke and to play many vile partes of purpose to anger Sertorius Whereuppon Sertorius whether it was that he coulde not abide to see those villanous partes or that he mistrusted their ill will towardes him by fumbling of their wordes in their mouthes and by their vnwonted irreuerent maner shewed vnto him fell backewards apon the bed where he sate at meate seeming no more to marke what they did or sayd Perpenna at that instant tooke a cuppe full of wine making as though he dranke let it fall of purpose The cuppe falling drowne made a noyse and that was the signe geuen among them Therewithall Antonius that sate aboue Sertorius at the table stabbed him in with his dagger Sertorius feeling the thrust stroue to rise but the traiterous murderer got vp on Sertorius brest held both his handes And thus was Sertorius cruelly murdered not able to defend him selfe all the conspirators falling apon him Sertorius death being blowen abroade the most parte of the SPANYARDS sent Ambassadors immediatly vnto Pompey and Metellus and yeelded them selues vnto them and Perpenna with those that remained with him attempted to doe some thing with Sertorius army and preparation But all fell out to his vtter destruction and ruine making the world know that he was a wicked man who could neither commaund nor knew how to obey For he went to assaile Pompey who had ouerthrowen him straight and was in the end taken prisoner And yet in that instant of his calamitie he did not vse him selfe like a valliant minded man and one worthy to rule for thinking to saue his life hauing Sertorius letters and wrytinges he offered Pompey to deliuer him all Sertorius letters sent him from the chiefest Senators of ROME wrytten with their owne handes requestinge Sertorius to bring his armie into ITALIE where he should finde numbers of people desirous of his comming and that gaped still for chaunge of gouernment But here did Pompey shewe him selfe a graue and no younge man deliueringe thereby the citie of ROME from great feare and daunger of chaunge and innouation For he put all Sertorius letters and wrytinges on a heape together and burnt them euery one without readinge any of them or sufferinge them to be red And moreouer he presently put Perpenna to death fearing he should name some which if they were named would breede new occasion of trouble sedition And as for the other conspirators some of thē afterwards were brought to Pompey who put them all to death and the rest of them fled into AFRICKS where they were all ouerthrowen by them of the contrie and not a man of them scaped but fell vnfortunately apon th edge of the sworde Aufidius only except Manlius companion in loue Who either bicause he was not reckened of or else vnknowen dyed an olde man in a pelting village of the barbarous people poore miserable and hated of all the world THE LIFE OF Eumenes DVris the Historiographer wryteth that Eumenes was borne in the citie of CARDIA in THRACIA being a cariers sonne of the same contrie who for pouertie earned his liuing by carying marchaundises to and fro and that he was notwithstanding honestly brought vp as well at schoole as at other comely exercises And furthermore how that he being but a boy Philip king of MACEDON chaunsing to come through the city of CARDIA where hauing nothing to do he tooke great pleasure to see the young men of the citie handle their weapons boyes to wrestle and among them Eumenes shewed such actiuitie and performed it with so good a grace withall that Philippe liked the boye well and tooke him away with him But sure their reporte seemeth truest which wryte that Philippe did aduaunce him for the loue he bare to his father in whose house he had lodged After the death of Philippe Eumenes continued his seruice with king Alexander his sonne where he was thought as wise a man as faithfull to his master as any and though he was called the Chaunceller or chiefe secretary yet the king did honor him as much as he did any other of his chiefest frendes familiars For he was sent his Lieutenaunt generall of his whole army against the INDIANS and was Perdiccas successor in the gouernment of his prouince Perdiccas being preferred vnto Hephaestions charge after his death Nowe bicause Neoptolemus that was one of the chiefe Squiers for the body vnto the king after the death of Alexander told the Lordes of the counsell of MACEDON that he had serued the king with his shield and speare and howe Eumenes had followed with his penne and paper the Lordes laughed him to scorne knowing that besides many great honors Eumenes had receiued the king esteemed so well of him that he did him the honor by mariage to make him his kinseman For the first Lady that Alexander knew in ASIA was Barsine Artabazus daughter by whom he had a sonne called his name Hevenles of two of her sisters he maried the one of them called Apama vnto Ptolomye her other sister also called Barsine he bestowed vpon Eumenes when he distributed the PERSIAN Ladies among his Lordes and familiars to marrie them Yet all this notwithstanding he often fell in disgrace with king Alexander stoode in some daunger by meanes of Hephaestion For Hephaestion following Alexanders courte on a time hauing appointed Euius a phiphe player a lodging which Eumenes seruauntes had taken vp for their maister Eumenes being in a rage went with one Mentor vnto Alexander crying out that a mā were better be a phiphe a common plaier of Tragedies then a souldier sithence such kinde of people were preferred before men of seruice that ventured their liues in the warres Alexander at that present time was as angrie as Eumenes roundly tooke vp Hephaestion for it howbeit immediatly after hauing chaunged his minde he was much offended with Eumenes bicause he thought him not to haue vsed that franke speech so much against Hephaestion as of a certaine presumptuous boldenes towardes him selfe And at an other time also when Alexander was sending Nearchus with his army by sea to cleere the coastes of the Occean it chaunsed the king was without money whereupon he sent to all his frendes to take vp money in prest and among others vnto Eumenes of whom he requested three hundred talentes Eumenes lent him but a hundred and sayd he had much a doe to get him so much of all his tenantes Alexander sayd nothing to him neither would he suffer them to take his hundred talentes but commaunded his officers to set Eumenes tent a fire bicause he would take him tardy with a lye before he could geue order to cary away his gold and siluer Thus was his tent burnt downe to the ground before they could
and wished Brutus only their Prince and Gouernour aboue all other they durst not come to him them selues to tell him what they woulde haue him to doe but in the night did cast sundrie papers into the Praetors seate where he gaue audience and the most of them to this effect Thou sleepest Brutus and art not Brutus in deede Cassius finding Brutus ambition slurred vp the more by these seditious billes did pricke him forwarde and egge him on the more for a priuate quarrell he had conceiued against Caesar the circumstance whereof we haue sette downe more at large in Brutus life Caesar also had Cassius in great gelouzie and suspected him much whereuppon he sayed on a time to his frendes what will Cassius doe thinke ye I like not his pale lookes An other time when Caesars frendes complained vnto him of Antonius and Dolabella that they pretended some mischiefe towardes him he aunswered them againe as for those fatte men and smooth comed heades q he I neuer reckon of them but these pale visaged and carian leane people I feare them most meaning Brutus and Cassius Certainly destenie may easier be foreseene then auoyded considering the straunge wonderfull signes that were sayd to be seene before Caesars death For touching the fires in the element and spirites running vp and downe in the night and also these solitarie birdes to be seene at noone dayes sittinge in the great market place are not all these signes perhappes worth the noting in such a wonderfull chaunce as happened But Strabo the Philosopher wryteth that diuers men were seene going vp and downe in fire and furthermore that there was a slaue of the souldiers that did cast a maruelous burning flame out of his hande insomuch as they that saw it thought he had bene burnt but when the fire was out it was found he had no hurt Caesar selfe also doing sacrifice vnto the goddes found that one of the beastes which was sacrificed had no hart and that was a straunge thing in nature how a beast could liue without a hart Furthermore there was a certaine Soothsayer that had geuen Caesar warning long time affore to take heede of the day of the Ides of Marche which is the fifteenth of the moneth for on that day he shoulde be in great daunger That day beng come Caesar going vnto the Senate house and speaking merily to the Soothsayer tolde him the Ides of Marche he come so be they softly aunswered the Soothsayer but yet are they not past And the very day before Caesar supping with Marcus Lepidus sealed certaine letters as he was wont to do at the bord so talke falling out amongest them reasoning what death was best he preuenting their opinions cried out alowde death vnlooked for Then going to bedde the same night as his manner was and lying with his wife Calpurnia all the windowes and dores of his chamber flying open the noyse awooke him and made him affrayed when he saw such lights but more when he heard his wife Calpurnia being fast a sleepe weepe and sigh and put forth many fumbling lamentable speaches For she dreamed that Caesar was slaine and that she had him in her armes Others also doe denie that she had any suche dreame as amongest other Titus Liuius wryteth that it was in this sorte The Senate hauing set vpon the toppe of Caesars house for an ornament and setting foorth of the same a certaine pinnacle Calpurnia dreamed that she sawe it broken downe and that she thought she lamented and wepe for it Insomuch that Caesar rising in the morning she prayed him if it were possible not to goe out of the dores that day but to adiorne the session of the Senate vntill an other day And if that he made no reckoning of her dreame yet that he woulde searche further of the Soothsayers by their sacrifices to knowe what should happen him that day Thereby it seemed that Caesar likewise did feare and suspect somewhat bicause his wife Calpurnia vntill that time was neuer geuen to any feare or supersticion and then for that he saw her so troubled in minde with this dreame she had But much more afterwardes when the Soothsayers hauing sacrificed many beastes one after an other tolde him that none did like them then he determined to sende Antonius to adiorne the session of the Senate But in the meane time came Decius Brutus surnamed Albinus in whom Caesar put such confidence that in his last will and testament be had appointed him to be his next heire and yet was of the conspiracie with Cassius and Brutus he fearing that if Caesar did adiorne the session that day the conspiracie woulde out laughed the Soothsayers to scorne and reproued Caesar saying that he gaue the Senate occasion to mislike with him and that they might thinke he mocked them considering that by his commaundement they were assembled and that they were readie willingly to graunt him all thinges and to proclaime him king of all the prouinces of the Empire of ROME out of ITALIE and that he should weare his Diadeame in all other places both by sea and land And furthermore that if any man should tell them from him they should departe for that present time and returne againe when Calpurnia shoulde haue better dreames what would his enemies and ill willers say and how could they like of his frendes wordes And who could perswade them otherwise but that they would thinke his dominion a slauerie vnto them and tirannicall in him selfe And yet if it be so sayd he that you vtterly mislike of this day it is better that you goe your selfe in person and saluting the Senate to dismisse them till an other time Therewithall he tooke Caesar by the hand and brought him out of his house Caesar was not gone farre from his house but a bondman a straunger did what he could to speake with him and when he sawe he was put backe by the great prease and multitude of people that followed him he went straight vnto his house and put him selfe into Calpurnides handes to be kept till Caesar came backe againe telling her that he had great matters to imparte vnto him And one Artemidorus also borne in the I le of GNIDOS a Doctor of Rethoricke in the Greeke tongue who by meanes of his profession was verie familliar with certaine of Brutus confederates and therefore knew the most parte of all their practises against Caesar came brought him a litle bill wrytten with his owne hand of all that he ment to tell him He marking howe Caesar receiued all the supplications that were offered him and that he gaue them straight to his men that were about him pressed neerer to him and sayed Caesar reade this memoriall to your selfe and that quickely for they be matters of great waight and touche you neérely◠Caesar tooke it of him but coulde neuer reade it though he many times attempted it for the number of people that did salute him but
ouerthrowe of king Cleomenes so muche more lamentable For if he had delayed battell but two dayes lenger when the MACEDONIANS had bene gone he might haue made what peace he would with the ACHAIANS but for lacke of money he was driuen as Polybius wryteth to geue battell with twentie thowsande men against thirtie thowsande where he shewed him selfe an excellent and skilfull Captaine and where his citizens also fought like valliant men and the straungers in like case did shewe them selues good souldiers But his onely ouerthrowe was by the manner of his enemies weapons and the force of their battell of footemen But Phylarchus wryteth that treason was the cause of his ouerthrowe For Antigonus had appointed the ACARNANIANS and the ILLYRIANS which he had in his armie to steale vppon the winge of his enemies armie where Euclidas king Cleomenes brother was to compasse him in behinde whilest did sette the rest of his men in battell When Cleomenes was got vp vpon some hill to looke about him to see the countenaunce of the enemie and seeing none of the ACARNANIANS nor of the ILLYRIANS he was then affrayed of Antigonus that he went about some stratageame of warre Wherefore he called for Demoteles whose charge was to take heede of stratageames and secret ambushes and commaunded him to looke to the rerewarde of his armie and to be verie circumspect all about Demoteles that was bribed before as it is reported with money tolde him that all was cleere in the rerewarde and bad him looke to ouerthrowe his enemies before him Cleomenes trusting this reporte sette forward against Antigonus and in the ende his citizens of SPARTA which he had about him gaue suche a fierce charge apon the squadron of the MACEDONIAN footemen that they draue them backe fiue furlonges of But in the meane time Euclidas his brother in the other wing of his armie being compassed in behinde Cleomenes turning him backe and seeing the ouerthrowe cried out alowde alas good brother thou art but slaine yet thou dyest valliantlie and honestlie and thy death shall be a worthie example vnto all posteritie and shall be song by the praises of the women of SPARTA So Euclidas and his men being slaine the enemies came straight to sette vpon Cleomenes winge Cleomenes then seeing his men discouraged and that they durst no lenger resist the enemie fledde and saued him selfe Many of the straungers also that serued him were slaine at this battell and of sixe thowsande SPARTANS there were left aliue but onely two hundred Now Cleomenes being returned vnto SPARTA the citizens comming to see him he gaue them counsell to yeeld them selues vnto Antigonus the conqueror and for him selfe if either aliue or dead he could doe any thing for the honor and benefit of SPARTA that he would willingly doe it The women of the citie also comming vnto them that flying had escaped with him when he saw them vnarme the men and bring them drinke to refresh them with he also went home to his owne house Then a maide of the house which he had taken in the citie of MEGALIPOLIS and whom he had enterteined euer since the death of his wife came vnto him as her maner was to refresh him comming hot from the battell howbeit he would not drinke though he was extreame drie nor sit being verie wearie but armed as he was layed his arme a crosse apon a piller and leaning his head apon it reposed himselfe a litle and casting in his minde all the wayes that were to be thought of he tooke his frendes with him and went to the hauen of Gythium and there hauing his shippes which he had appointed for the purpose he hoysted sayle and departed his way Immediatly after his departure came Antigonus into the citie of SPARTA and curteously intreated the citizens and inhabitants he found and did offend no man nor prowdly despise the auncient honor and dignitie of SPARTA but referring them to their owne lawes and gouernment when he had sacrificed to the goddes for his victorie he departed from thence the thirde daye newes being brought him that the warre was verie great in MACEDON and that the barbarous people did spoyle his contrie Now a disease tooke him whereof he dyed afterwards which appeared a tisicke mixt with a sore catarre but yet he yeelded not to his disease and bare it out that fighting for his contrie and obteyning a famous victorie with great slaughter of the barbarous people he might yet dye honorably as in deede he did by Phylarchus testimonie who sayth that with the force of his voyce fiercely crying out in the middest of his fight he tare his lunges and lightes worse then they were before Yet in the schooles it is sayd that after he had wonne the battell he was so ioyfull of it that crying out O blessed day he brake out into a great bleeding at the mouth and a great feuer tooke him withall that he dyed of it Thus much touching Antigonus Now Cleomenes departing out of the Isle of CYTHERA went and cast ancker in an other Iland called AEGIALIA Then determining to saile ouer to the citie of CYRENA Therycion one of Cleomenes frendes a man that in warres shewed him selfe verie valliant but a boaster besides of his owne doinges tooke Cleomenes aside and sayd thus vnto him Truely O king we haue lost an honorable occasion to dye in battell though euery man hath heard vs vaunt and say that Antigonus should neuer ouercome the king of SPARTA aliue but dead A seconde occasion yet is offered vs to dye with much lesse honor and fame notwithstanding then the first Whether doe we saile to no purpose Why doe we flie the death at hand and seeke it so farre of If it be no shame nor dishonor for the posteritie race of Hercules to serue the successors of Philip and Alexander let vs saue then our labor and long daungerous sailing and goe yeelde our selues vnto Antigonus who in likelyhoode will better vse vs then Ptolomy bicause the MACEDONIANS are farre more nobler persons then the AEGYPTIANS And if we disdaine to be commaunded by them which haue ouercommen vs in battell why then will we make him Lord of vs that hath not ouercomen vs in steade of one to make vs inferior vnto both flying Antigonus and seruing king Ptolomy Can we say that we goe into AEGYPT in respect to see your mother there A ioyfull sight no doubt when she shall shew king Ptolomyes wiues her sonne that before was a king a prisoner fugitiue now Were it not better for vs that hauing yet LACONIA our contrie in sight and our swordes besides in our owne hands to deliuer vs from this great miserie so doing to excuse our selues vnto them that are slaine at SELASIA for defence of SPARTA then cowardly loosing our time in AEGYPT to inquire whom Antigonus left his Lieutenaunt and Gouernor in LACEDAEMON Therycion ending his oration Cleomenes aunswered him thus Doest thou
thinke it a glorie for thee to seeke death which is the easiest matter and the presentest vnto any man that can be and yet wretche that thou art thou fliest now more cowardly and shamefully then from the battell For diuers valliant men and farre better then our selues haue often yeelded vnto their enemies either by some misfortune or compelled by greater number and multitude of men but he say I that submitteth him selfe vnto paine and miserie reproache and praise of men he can not but confesse that he is ouercome by his owne vnhappinesse For when a man will willingly kill him selfe he must not doe it to be rid of paynes and labour but it must haue an honorable respect and action For to liue or dye for his owne respect that can not but be dishonorable the which now thou perswadest me vnto to make me flie this present miserie we are in without any honor or profitte in our death And therefore I am of opinion that we shoulde not yet cast of the hope we haue to serue our contrie in time to come but when all hope fayleth vs then we may easely make our selues awaye when we lift Thereunto Therycion gaue no aunswere but as soone as he founde oportunitie to slippe from Cleomenes he went to the sea side and slewe him selfe Cleomenes hoysinge sayle from the I le of AEGIALIA went into AFRICKE and was brought by the kinges seruauntes vnto the citie of ALEXANDRIA King Ptolomy at his first comming gaue Cleomenes no speciall good but indifferent intertainment but after that he had shewed him selfe to be of great wisedom and iudgement and that Ptolomy saw in the simplicity of his LACONIAN life he had also a noble disposition and corage nothing degenerating from the princely race blood of Hercules and that he yelded not to his aduersitie he tooke more delight in his company then in all the company of his flatterers and hangers on him and then repented him greatly that he had made no more account of him before but had suffered him to be ouerthrowne by Antigonus who through the victory of him had maruelously enlarged his honor and power Then he began to comfort Cleomenes and doing him as great honor as could be promised that he would send him with shippes and money into GRAECE and put him againe into his kingdom further gaue him an annuall pencion in the meane time of foure and twenty talents with the which he simply and soberly enterteyned him selfe and his men about him and bestowed all the rest apon his contry men that came out of GRAECE into AEGYPT But now old king Ptolomy deceasing before he could performe the promise he made vnto Cleomenes to send him into GRAECE the Realme falling then into great lasciuiousnes dronckennes and into the gouernment of women his case and miserie was cleane forgotten For the young king his sonne was so giuen ouer to women and wine that when he was most sober and in his best witts he most disposed him selfe to make feastes and sacrifices and to haue the taber playing in his Court to gather people together like a stage player or iugler whilest one Agathoclea his lemman and her mother and Oenanthes a bawde did rule all the affayres of the state But when he came to be king it appeared he had neede of Cleomenes bicause he was affraid of his brother Magas who by his mothers meanes was very wel esteemed of among souldiers Wherefore he called Cleomenes to him and made him of his priuy counsel where he deuised by practise which way to kill his brother All other his friends that were of counsell with him did counsell him to do it but Cleomenes onely vehemently disswaded him from it and tolde him that if it were possible rather moe brethren should be begotten vnto the king for the safetie of his person and for deuiding of the affayres of the kingdome betweene them Amongest the kinges familliers that was chiefest about him there was one Sosibius that said vnto Cleomenes so long as his brother Magas liued the souldiers that be straungers whom the king entertayned would neuer be true to him Cleomenes aunswered him for that matter there was no daunger for sayth he of those hiered straungers there are three thowsand PELOPONNESIANS which he knewe at the twinckling of an eye would be at his commaundement to come with their armor weapon where he would appoynt them These words of Cleomenes at that tyme shewed his fayth and good will he bare vnto the king and the force he was of besides But afterwards Ptolomyes fearefulnes increasing his mistrust as it commonly hapneth that they that lacke wit thinke it the best safetie to be fearefull of euery wagging of a strawe and to mistrust euery man the remembrance of Cleomenes wordes made him much suspected of the Courtiers vnderstanding that he could doe so much with the souldiers that were straungers insomuch as some of them sayd see meaning Cleomenes there is a lyon amongest sheepe In deede considering his facions and behauior they might well say so of him for he would looke thorough his fingers as though he saw nothing and yet saw all what they did In fine he required an armie ships of the king and vnderstanding also that Antigonus was dead and that the ACHAIANS and AETOLIANS were at great warres together and that the affaires of his contry did call him home all PELOPONNESVS being in armes and vprore he prayed that they would licence him to depart with his friends But neuer a man would giue eare vnto him and the king also heard nothing of it bicause he was continually entertained among Ladies with banckets dauncing maskes But Sosibius that ruled all the Realme thought that to keepe Cleomenes against his wil were a hard thing and also daungerous and to let him goe also knowing that he was a valiant man and of a sturring minde and one that knew the vices and imperfections of their gouernment he thought that also no safe way sithe no giftes nor presents that could be offered him could soften him For as the holy bull which they call in AEGYPT Apis that is sulfed in goodly pasture doth yet desire to followe his naturall course and libertie to runne and leape at his pleasure and plainely sheweth that it is a griefe to him to be kept stil by the Priest euen so the courtly pleasures did nothing delight Cleomenes but as Homer writeth of Achilles It irkt his noble hart to sit at home in slothfull rest VVhen martiall matters vvere in hand the vvhich he liked best Nowe Cleomenes standing in these tearmes there arriued in ALEXANDRIA one Nicagoras MESSENIAN who maliced Cleomenes in his hart but yet shewed as though he loued him This Nicagoras on a time had sold Cleomenes certein land but was not payed for it either bicause he had no present money or els by occasiō of the warres which gaue him no leasure to make payment Cleomenes one
when they will finely conuey the hardnes of the speeche to say he is dead When night was comen and that he was going homeward as he came through the market place the people did wayte vpon him no more with silence as before but with great cryes of his praise and clapping of handes in euery place he went and called him Sauior and second fownder of ROME Besides all this at euery mans dore there were lynckes and torches lighted that it was as light in the streetes as at noone dayes The very women also did put lights out of the toppes of their houses to doe him honor and also to see him so nobly brought home with such a long trayne of the chiefest men of the citie of the which many of them had ended great warres for the which they had triumphed and had obteyned many famous conquests to the Empire of ROME both by sea and land confessing betwene them selues one to another that the ROMANES were greatly bound to many Captaines and generalls of armies in their time for the wonderfull riches spoyles and increase of their power which they had wonne howbeit that they were to thanke Cicero onely for their health and preseruation hauing saued them from so great and extreme a daunger Not for that they thought it so wonderfull an acte to haue striken dead the enterprise of the conspirators and also to haue punished the offenders by death but bicause the conspiracie of Catilin being so great and daungerous an insurrection as euer was any he had quenched it and pluck it vp by the rootes with so small hurt and without vprore trouble or actuall sedition For the most part of them that were gathered together about Catiline when they heard that Lentulus and all the rest were put to death they presently forsooke him and Catiline him selfe also fighting a battell with them he had about him against Antonius the other Consul with Cicero he was slayne in the fielde and all his armie defeated This notwithstanding there were many that spake ill of Cicero for this facte and ment to make him repent it hauing for their heades Caesar who was already chosen Praetor for the yeare to come Metellus and Bestia who should also be chosen Tribunes They so soone as they were chosen Tribunes would not once suffer Cicero to speake to the people notwithstanding that he was yet in his office of Consul for certaine dayes And furthermore to let him that he should not speake vnto the people they did set their benches vpon the pulpit for orations which they call at ROME Rostra and would neuer suffer him to set foote in it but onely to resigne his office and that done to come downe againe immediatly He graunted thereunto and went vp to the pulpit vpon that condition So silence being made him he made an othe not like vnto other Consuls othes when they resigne their office in like manner but straunge and neuer heard of before swearing that he had saued the citie of ROME and preserued all his contry and the Empire of ROME from vtter ruine and destruction All the people that were present confirmed it and sware the like othe Wherewithall Caesar and the other Tribunes his enemies were so offended with him that they deuised to breede him some new sturre trouble amongest others they made a decree that Pompey should be sent for with his army to bridle the tyranny of Cicero Cato who at that time was also Tribune did him great pleasure in the furtherance of the common wealth opposing him selfe against all their practises with the like authoritie and power that they had being a Tribune and brother with them and of better estimation then they So that he did not onely easily breake all their deuises but also in a goodly oration he made in a full assembly of the people he so highly praised and extolled Ciceroes Consulship vnto them and the thinges he did in his office that they gaue him the greatest honors that euer were decreed or graunted vnto any man liuing For by decree of the people he was called father of the contry as Cato him selfe had called him in his oration the which name was neuer giuen to any man but onely vnto him also he bare greater swaye in ROME at the time then any man beside him This notwithstanding he made him selfe enuyed and misliked of many men not for any ill acte he did or ment to doe but onely bicause he did too much boast of him selfe For he neuer was in any assembly of people Senate or iudgement but euery mans head was full still to heare the sound of Catulus and Lentulus brought in for sporte and filling the bookes and workes he compiled besides full of his owne prayses the which made his sweete and pleasant stile tedious and troublesom to those that heard them as though this misfortune euer followed him to take away his excellent grace But nowe though he had this worme of ambition and extreme couetous desire of honor in his head yet did he not malice or enuy any others glory but would very franckly praise excellent men as well those that had bene before him as those that were in his time And this appeareth plainly in his writings They haue written also certaine notable wordes he spake of some auncient men in olde time as of Aristotle that he was like a golden flowing riuer and of Plato that if Iupiter him selfe would speake he would speake like him and of Theophrastus he was wont to call him his delight of Demosthenes orations when one asked him on a time which of them he liked best the longest saide he There be diuers writers also who to shewe that they were great followers of Demosthenes doe followe Ciceroes saying in a certaine epistle he wrote vnto one of his friends wherein he said that Demosthenes slept in some of his orations but yet they forget to tel how highly he praised him in that place and that he calleth the orations which he wrote against Antonius in the which he tooke great paines and studied more then all the rest PHILIPPIANS to followe those which Demosthenes wrote against Philip king of MACEDON Furthermore there was not a famous man in all his tyme either in eloquence or in learning whose fame he hath not commended in writing or otherwise in honorable speech of him For he obteyned of Caesar when he had the Empire of ROME in his handes that Cratippus the PERIPATETICKE Philosopher was made Citizen of ROME Further he procured that by decree of the court of the Areopagites he was intreated to remaine at ATHENS to teach and instruct the youth there for that he was a great honor ornament vnto their city There are extant also of Ciceroes epistles vnto Herodes others vnto his sonne willing him to follow Crattipus in his studie and knowledge He wrote an other letter also vnto Gorgias the Rethoritian and
take bribes was reckoned no shame but to handle it discreetly he was the better thought of and beloued for it he shewed plainely that he regarded not money and gaue foorth many proofes of his curtesie and goodnes Furthermore Cicero being created Consul by name but Dictator in deede hauing absolute power and authoritie ouer all thinges to suppresse the rebellion and conspirators of Catiline he proued Platoes prophecie true which was That the cities are safe from daunger when the chiefe Magistrates and Gouernors by some good diuine fortune doe gouerne with wisedome and iustice Demosthenes was reproued for his corruption and selling of his eloquence bicause secretly he wrote one Oration for Phormio and an other in the selfe same matter for Apollodorus they being both aduersaries Further he was defamed also for receiuing money of the king of PERSIA and therewithall condemned for the money which he had taken of Harpalus And though some peraduenture woulde obiect that the reporters thereof which are many doe lye yet they can not possibly deny this that Demosthenes had no power to refraine from looking of the presentes which diuers kinges did offer him praying him to accept them in good parte for their sakes neither was that the part of a man that did take vsurie by trafficke on the sea the extreamest yet of all other In contrarie maner as we haue sayd before it is certeine that Cicero being Treasorer refused the gifts which the SICILIANS offered him there and the presentes also which the king of the CAPPADOCIANS offred him whilest he was Proconsul in CILICIA and those especially which his frendes pressed vpon him to take of them being a great summe of money when he went as a banished man out of ROME Furthermore the banishment of the one was infamous to him bicause by iudgement he was banished as a theefe The banishment of the other was for as honorable an acte as euer he did being banished for ridding his contrie of wicked men And therefore of Demosthenes there was no speeche after he was gone but for Cicero all the Senate chaunged their apparell into blacke and determined that they would passe no decree by their authoritie before Ciceroes banishment was reuoked by the people In deede Cicero idlely passed his time of banishment and did nothing all the while he was in MACEDON and one of the chiefest acts that Demosthenes did in all the time that he delt in the affaires of the common wealth was in his banishment For he went vnto euery city and did assist the Ambassadors of the GRAECIANS and refused the Ambassadors of the MACEDONIANS In the which he shewed him selfe a better citizen then either Themistocles or Alcibiades in their like fortune and exile So when he was called home and returned he fell againe to his old trade which he practised before and was euer against Antipater and the MACEDONIANS Where Laelius in open Senate sharply tooke vp Cicero for that he sate still and sayd nothing when that Octauius Caesar the young man made peticion against the law that he might sue for the Consulshippe and being so young that he had neuer a heare on his face And Brutus selfe also doth greatly reproue Cicero in his letters for that he had maintained and nourished a more grieuous and greater tyrannie then that which they had put downe And last of all me thinketh the death of Cicero most pitiefull to see an olde man caried vp and downe with tender loue of his seruauntes seeking all the waies that might be to flie death which did not long preuent his naturall course and in the ende olde as he was to see his head so pitiefully cut of Whereas Demosthenes though he yeelded a litle intreating him that came to take him yet for that he had prepared the poyson long before that he had kept it long and also vsed it as he did he can not but be maruelously commended for it For sith the god Neptune denyed him the benefit of his sanctuarie he betooke him to a greater and that was death whereby he saued him selfe out of the souldiers handes of the tyran and also scorned the bloody crueltie of Antipater THE LIFE OF Demetrius WHo first likened arts to our sences semeth to haue respected especially that one property of them both in receiuing obiects of contrary quality for in the vse end of their operacion there is great difference The senses receiue indifferently without discretion and iudgement white and blacke sweete and sower soft and hard for their office is only to admit their seuerall obiects and to carie and referre the iudgement thereof to the common sence But artes being the perfection of reason receiue and allow those things onely which make for their operacion regarding eschuing the contraries Thone chiefly and for vse thother by the way and with intent to auoyde them So Phisicke dealeth with diseases Musicke with discordes to thend to remoue them and worke their contraries and the great Ladies of all other artes Temperaunce iustice and wisdom doe not only consider honestie vprightnes and profit but examine withall the nature and effectes of lewdnes corruption and damage And innocencie which vaunteth her want of experience in vndue practises men call simplicitie and ignoraunce of thinges that be necessarie and good to be knowen And therefore the auncient LACEDAEMONIANS in their solemne feastes forced their ILOTES to boundmen to ouercharge them selues with wine and suche they shewed them vnto their youth by the apparant beastlines of dronken men to worke in them an abhorring of so lothesome vice Wherein although I can not much praise them for humanity or wisedom that corrupt and spoile one man by example of him to correct and reclaime an other yet as I hope it shall not be reprehended in me if amongest the rest I put in one or two paier of suche as liuing in great place accompt haue increased their fame with infamy Which in truth I doe not to please draw on the reader with variety of report but as Ismenias the THEBAN Musitian shewed his schollers both those that strake a cleane stroke with do so such as bungled it with do not so Antigenidas thought men should like better with greater desire cōtend for skill if they heard and discerned vntunable notes so thinke I we shall be the forwarder in reading following the good if we know the liues and see the deformity of the wicked This treaty conteineth the liues of Demetrius surnamed the Fortgainer M. Antony the Triumuir great examples to confirme the saying of Plato That from great minds both great vertues great vices do procede They were both giuen ouer to women wine both valliāt liberal both sumptuous high minded fortune serued them both alike not only in the course of their liues in attēpting great matters somtimes with good somtimes with ill successe in getting losing things of great consequence ouerthrowing
and gaue it vnto his friends commaunding them to depart and to seeke to saue them selues They aunswered him weeping that they would nether doe it nor yet forsake him Then Antonius very curteously and louingly did comfort them and prayed them to depart and wrote vnto Theophilus gouernor of CORINTHE that he would see them safe and helpe to hide them in some secret place vntil they had made their way and peace with Caesar. This Theophilus was the father of Hipparchus who was had in great estimation about Antonius He was the first of all his infranchised bondmen that reuolted from him and yelded vnto Caesar and afterwardes went and dwelt at CORINTHE And thus it stoode with Antonius Now for his armie by sea that fought before the head or foreland of ACTIVM they helde out a longe tyme and nothing troubled them more then a great boysterous wind that rose full in the prooes of their shippes and yet with much a doe his nauy was at length ouerthrowen fiue howers within night There were not slaine aboue fiue thowsand men but yet there were three hundred shippes taken as Octauius Caesar writeth him selfe in his commentaries Many plainely sawe Antonius flie and yet could hardly beleeue it that he that had nyneteene legions whole by lande and twelue thowsand horsemen vpon the sea side would so haue forsaken them and haue fled so cowardly as if he had not oftentimes proued both the one and the other fortune that he had not bene throughly acquainted with the diuers chaunges and fortunes of battells And yet his souldiers still wished for him and euer hoped that he would come by some meanes or other vnto them Furthermore they shewed them selues so valliant and faithfull vnto him that after they certainly knewe he was fled they kept them selues whole together seuen daies In the ende Canidius Antonius Lieuetenant flying by night and forsaking his campe when they saw them selues thus destitute of their heads and leaders they yelded themselues vnto the stronger This done Caesar sailed towards ATHENS and there made peace with the GRAECIANS and deuided the rest of the corne that was taken vp for Antonius army vnto the townes and cities of GRAECE the which had bene brought to extreme misery pouerty cleane without money slaues horse other beastes of cariage So that my grandfather Nicarchus tolde that all the Citizens of our citie of CHAERONEA not one excepted were driuen them selues to cary a certaine measure of corne on their shoulders to the sea side that lieth directly ouer against the I le of ANTICYRA yet were they driuen thether with whippes They caried it thus but once for the second tyme that they were charged againe to make the like cariage all the corne being ready to be caried newes came that Antonius had lost the battel so scaped our poore city For Antonius souldiers deputies fled immediatly the citizens deuided the corne amongst them Antonius being arriued in LIBYA he sent Cleopatra before into AEGYPT from the citie of PARAETONIVâ—â— he him selfe remained very solitary hauing onely two of his friends with him with whom he wandred vp down both of them orators the one Aristocrates a GRAECIAN the other Lucilius a ROMANE Of whom we haue written in an other place that at the battell where Brutus was ouerthrowen by the citie of PHILIPPES he came willingly put him self into the hands of those that followed Brutus saying that it was he bicause Brutus in the meane time might haue liberty to saue him selfe And afterwards bicause Antonius saued his life he still remained with him and was very faithfull and frendly vnto him till his death But when Antonius heard that he whom he had trusted with the gouernment of LIBYA and vnto whom he had geuen the charge of his armie there had yelded vnto Caesar he was so madde withall that he would haue slaine him selfe for anger had not his frendes about him withstoode him and kept him from it So he went vnto ALEXANDRIA and there found Cleopatra about a wonderfull enterprise and of great attempt Betwixt the redde sea and the sea betwene the landes that poynt vpon the coast of AEGYPT there is a litle peece of land that deuideth both the seas and separateth AFRICKE from ASIA the which straight is so narrow at the end where the two seas are narrowest that it is not aboue three hundred furlonges ouer Cleopatra went about to lift her shippes out of the one sea and to hale them ouer the straight into the other sea that when her shippes were come into this goulfe of ARABIA she might then carie all her gold siluer away and so with a great companie of men goe and dwell in some place about the Ocean sea farre from the sea Mediterranium to scape the daunger and bondage of this warre But now bicause the ARABIANS dwelling about the citie of PETRA did burne the first shippes that were brought alande and that Antonius thought that his armie by lande which he left at ACTIVM was yet whole she left of her enterprise and determined to keepe all the portes and passages of her realme Antonius he forsooke the citie and companie of his frendes and built him a house in the sea by the I le of PHAROS vpon certaine forced mountes which he caused to be cast into the sea and dwelt there as a man that banished him selfe from all mens companie saying that he would lead Timons life because he had the like wrong offered him that was affore offered vnto Timon and that for the vnthankefulnes of those he had done good vnto and whom he tooke to be his frendes he was angry with all men and would trust no man This Timon was a citizen of ATHENS that liued about the warre of PELOPONNESVS as appeareth by Plato and Aristophanes commedies in the which they mocked him calling him a vyper malicious man vnto mankind to shunne all other mens companies but the companie of young Alcibiades a bolde and insolent youth whom he woulde greatly feast and make much of and kissed him very gladly Apemantus wondering at it asked him the cause what he ment to make so muche of that young man alone and to hate all others Timon aunswered him I do it sayd he bicause I know that one day he shall do great mischiefe vnto the ATHENIANS This Timon sometimes would haue Apemantus in his companie bicause he was much like to his nature condicions and also followed him in maner of life On a time when they solemnly celebrated the feasts called Choae at ATHENS to wit the feasts of the dead where they make sprincklings and sacrifices for the dead and that they two then feasted together by them selues Apemantus said vnto the other O here is a trimme banket Timon Timon aunswered againe yea said he so thou wert not here It is reported of him also that this Timon on a time the people being
at thirdly for the loue he bare vnto his verie frend Arrius Thus did Caesar honor Arrius who craued pardon for him selfe and many others specially for Philostratus the eloquentest man of all the sophisters and Orators of his time for present and sodaine speech howbeit he falsly named him selfe an Academicke Philosopher Therefore Caesar that hated his nature condicions would not heare his surt Thereupon he let his gray beard grow long and followed Arrius steppe by steppe in a long mourning gowne still bussing in his eares this Greeke verse A vvise man it that he be vvise in deede May by a vvise man haue the better speede Caesar vnderstanding this not for the desire he had to deliuer Philostratus of his feare as to ridde Arrius of malice enuy that might haue fallen out against him he pardoned him Now touching Antonius sonnes Antyllus his eldest sonne by Fuluia was slaine bicause his schoole-maister Theodorus did betray him vnto the souldiers who strake of his head And the villaine tooke a pretious stone of great value from his necke the which he did sowe in his girdell and afterwards denied that he had it but it was founde about him and so Caesar trussed him vp for it For Cleopatraes children they were verie honorablie kept with their gouernors and traine that waited on them But for Caesarion who was sayd to be Iulius Ceasars sonne his mother Cleopatra had sent him vnto the INDIANS through AETHIOPIA with a great summe of money But one of his gouernors also called Rhodon euen such an other as Theodorus perswaded him to returne into his contrie told him that Caesar sent for him to geue him his mothers kingdom So as Caesar was determining with him selfe what he should doe Arrius sayd vnto him Too Many Caesars is not good Alluding vnto a certaine verse of Homer that sayth Too Many Lords doth not vvell Therefore Caesar did put Caesarion to death after the death of his mother Cleopatra Many Princes great kings and Captaines did craue Antonius body of Octauius Caesar to giue him honorable burial but Caesar would neuer take it from Cleopatra who did sumptuously and royally burie him with her owne handes whom Caesar suffred to take as much as she would to bestow vpon his funeralls Now was she altogether ouercome with sorow passion of minde for she had knocked her brest so pitiefully that she had martired it and in diuers places had raised vlsers and inflamacions so that she fell into a feuer withal whereof she was very glad hoping thereby to haue good colour to absteine from meate and that so she might haue dyed easely without any trouble She had a Phisition called Olympus whom she made priuie of her intent to th end he shoulde helpe her to ridde her out of her life as Olympus wryteth him selfe who wrote a booke of all these thinges But Caesar mistrusted the matter by many coniectures he had and therefore did put her in feare threatned her to put her children to shameful death With these threats Cleopatra for feare yelded straight as she would haue yelded vnto strokes and afterwards suffred her selfe to be cured and dicted as they listed Shortly after Caesar came him selfe in person to see her and to comfort her Cleopatra being layed vpon a litle low bed in poore estate when she sawe Caesar come into her chamber she sodainly rose vp naked in her smocke and fell downe at his feete maruelously disfigured both for that she had plucked her heare from her head as also for that she had martired all her face with her nailes and besides her voyce was small and trembling her eyes sonke into her heade with continuall blubbering and moreouer they might see the most parte of her stomake torne in sunder To be short her bodie was not much better then her minde yet her good grace and comelynes and the force of her beawtie was not altogether defaced But notwithstanding this ougly and pitiefull state of hers yet she showed her selfe within by her outward lookes and countenance When Caesar had made her lye downe againe and sate by her beddes side Cleopatra began to cleere and excuse her selfe for that she had done laying all to the feare she had of Antonius Caesar in contrarie maner reproued her in euery poynt Then she sodainly altered her speache and prayed him to pardon her as though she were affrayed to dye desirous to liue At length she gaue him a breese and memoriall of all the readie money treasure she had But by chaunce there stootle Seleucus by one of her Treasorers who to seeme a good seruant came straight to Caesar to disproue Cleopatra that she had not set in al but kept many things back of purpose Cleopatra was in such a rage with him that she flew vpon him and tooke him by the heare of the head and boxed him wellfauoredly Caesar fell a laughing and parted the fray Alas said she O Caesar is not this a great shame and reproche that thou hauing vouchesaued to take the peines to come vnto me and hast done me this honor poore wretche and caitife creature brought into this pitiefull miserable estate and that mine owne seruaunts should come now to accuse me though it may be I haue reserued some iuells trifles meete for women but not for me poore soule to set out my selfe withall but meaning to geue some pretie presents gifts vnto Octauia and Liuia that they making meanes intercession for me to thee thou mightest yet extend thy fauor and mercie vpon me Caesar was glad to heare her say so perswading him selfe thereby that she had yet a desire to saue her life So he made her answere that he did not only geue her that to dispose of at her pleasure which she had kept backe but further promised to vse her more honorably and bountifully then she would thinke for and so he tooke his leaue of her supposing he had deceiued her but in deede he was deceiued him selfe There was a young gentleman Cornelius Dolabella that was one of Caesars very great familiars besides did beare no euil will vnto Cleopatra He sent her word secretly as she had requested him that Caesar determined to take his iorney through SVRIA that within three dayes he would sende her away before with her children When this was tolde Cleopatra she requested Caesar that it would please him to suffer her to offer the last oblations of the dead vnto the soule of Antonius This being graunted her she was caried to the place where his tombe was there falling downe on her knees imbracing the tombe with her women the teares running downe her cheekes she began to speake in this sorte O my deare Lord Antonius not long sithence I buried thee here being a free woman and now I offer vnto thee the funerall sprinklinges and oblations being a captiue and prisoner and
to set vpon the kings Mandonius Indibilis who made warre with the SVESSITANS These souldiers departing froÌ„ SVCRO with good hope in obtaine pardon came vnto CARTHAGE Howbeit the next day after they were come into the towne they were brought into the market place where their armorâ—â—d weapons being taken from them they were enuironned with all the legions armie Then the ROMANE Generall sitting in place of iudgement shewed him selfe before all the coÌ„pany in as good health good disposition of bodies as euer he was in all his youth Then he made a sharp bitter oration full of grieuous complaines insomuch as there was not one of all the souldiers that were vnarmed that durst cast vp their eyes to looke their Generall in the face they were so ashamed For their consciences did accuse them for the fault they had committed and the feare of death did take their wits and senses from them the profence of their gratious Captaine made them blush as well that were innocent at the parties that were offendors Wherefore there was a generall and sorowfull silence of all men So after he had ended his oration he caused the chiefe authors of this rebellion to be brought forth before the whole assembly who after they had bene whipped according to the maner were presently beheaded the which was a fearefull and lamentable sight to the beholders These matters thus pacified Scipio made all the other souldiers to be sworne againe and then went and proclaimed warre against Mandonius and Indibilis For they considering with them selues howe the ROMANE souldiers that had rebelled in the campe were put to death they were out of hope to obtaine any pardon Therefore they had leauied an army of twentie thowsand footemen two thowsand horsemen and came downe with them against the ROMANES Scipio hauing intelligence thereof before that the kings could increase their army that other nations could rebel he departed from CARTHAGE went with as great speede as he could to meete with the enemy The kings were camped in a very strong place and trusted so to their army that they were not determined to prouoke the enemy nor also to refuse the battell if it were offred them Howbeit it chaunced by the nerenes of both campes that within few dayes they being prouoked by the ROMANES came downe set their men in battell ray ioyned battell with Scipio so that a good while together the fight was very bloody cruel But at length the SPANYARDS seeing them selues compassed in behinde and being driuen to fight in a ring to defend the enemy on euery side they were ouercome so that the third parte of them scarcely saued them selues by flying Mandonius Indibilis seeing them selues vtterly vndone that there was no hope nor remedy left they sent Ambassadors vnto Scipio humbly to pray him to receiue them to mercy and to pardon them But Scipio knowing right well how greatly they had offended him and the ROMANES yet thinking it more honorable to ouercome the enemie by curtesie and clemency then by force he did pardon them and only coÌ„maunded them to geue him money to pay his souldiers In the meane time Masinissa came from GADES landed bicause he would him selfe in person confirme the frendship he had offered Scipio in his absence by the meanes of M. Syllanus and also speake with him face to face whom he iudged to be a worthie man for the famous victories he had obteined And in truth Masinissa was not deceiued in the opinion he had of the valliantnes vertues of Scipio but found him the selfe same man whom he before had imagined him to be in his minde the which but seldom happeneth so notwithstanding For besides the great rare giftes of nature that Scipio had aboue all others there was in him also a certaine Princely grace and maiestie Furthermore he was maruelous gentle curteous vnto them that came to him and had an eloquent tongue and a passing gift to winne euerie man He was verie graue to his gesture and behauiour and euer ware long heare Masinissa being come to salute him when he sawe him he had him in suche admiration as it is reported that he could not cast his eyes of him nor haue his fill of looking on him So he thanked him maruelouslie for sending his Nephewe vnto him and promised him that his deedes shoulde confirme and witnesse the frendshippe agreed vppon betwene them the which he euer after inuiolablie kept vnto the ROMANES euen to the hower of his death So all the nations of SPAYNE became subiect to the Empire of ROME or at the least their confederates whereupon those of GADES also following the example of others came and yeelded them selues vnto the ROMANES This is a verie auncient nation and if we may credit the reporte of it as CARTHAGE was in AFRIKE and THEâ—ES in BOEOTIA so was GADES vpon the sea a Colony of the TYRIANS Scipio after he bad conquered all SPAYNE and driuen out the CARTHAGINIANS considering that there remained nothing more for him to doe he left the gouernment of the prouince vnto L. Lentulus and to Manlius Acidinus and returned to ROME When he was arriued at ROME the Senate gaue him audience out of the citie in the temple of Belloua There when he had particularly told theÌ„ of the things he had valliantly fortunately brought to end further that he had ouercome foure Captaines in diuers foughteÌ„ fields also put to flight foure armies of the enemies driueÌ„ the CARTHAGINIANS out of both SPAYNES that there was no nation left in all those parts but was subdued to the ROMANES the Senate gaue iudgement that all these things were worthy of a noble triumphe But bicause neuer man yet was suffred to enter into ROME in triuÌ„phe for any victories he had obtained whilest he was only but Viceconsul and had not yet bene Consul the Senators thought it not good and Scipio him selfe also made no great sute for it bicause he would not be an occasion to bring in any newe custome and to breake the olde So when he came into the citie he was afterwardes declared Consul with the great good will and consent of the whole assemblie It is reported that there neuer came such a world of people to ROME as were there as that time not only for the assemblies sake but more to see P. Cor. Scipio Wherefore not the ROMANES onely but all the straungers also that were there all their eyes were vpon Scipio and sayd both openly and priuately that they should send him into AFRIKE to make warre with the CARTHAGINIANS at home in their owne contrie Scipio also being of the same opinion said that he would aske aduise of the people if the Senate would be against such a worthie enterprise For amongest the peres and Senators there were some that vehemently inueyed against that opinion and among the rest Fabius Maximus speciallie a man
Irenes Melirenes The â—â—eeuerie of the Lacedaemonians Straight dyet causeth groeth and height Childrens exercise afect their supper The LacedamoniaÌ„s manner of liuing Short speache taught among the Lacedaemonians Lycurgus wise aunswere Lycurgus loue to god To geue a haÌ„d is to consesse him self ouercome Shorte sentences of certaint Laconians Leonidus Charilaus Archidamidas Shaâ—e sentences of the Laconians Demaratus Agis Theopompus Plistonax Pausanias sonne Archidamidas In the life of Agesilous The Lacedaemonians songes Three daunces among the Lacedaemonians Terpander of the Lacedaemonians Pyndarus of the Lacedaemonians The longe bushes and beare of the Laconians How the Laconians beganne battell The LaconiaÌ„s songe when they marched Eust. Ilia 15. How save the Lacedaemonians dyd pursue their enemies Lycurgus a very good captaine Oulames The LaconiaÌ„s opinion to serue their countrie The rest and leysure of the Lacedaemonians Idie liuers punished at Athens Sutes in lawe went aways with golde siluer that was banished How they spâ—o the time in Sparta The Lacedaemonians liued not priuately to them selues in the comm'd weale Paedaretus saying The manner of choosing the Senate in Sparta VVhat was done the Senatour being chosen The manner of buriall with the Lacedaemonians The time of mourning None allowed to trauell into other couÌ„tries without licence No straungers suffered to dwell in Sparta Cryptia with the Lacedaemonians The cruelty of the Lacedaemonians against the Ilotes Diodorus lib. 2. Plato in Timaeo Lycurgus wonderfull counsell in stablishing his lawes Lycurgus death Sparta florished fiue hundred yeres Lycurgus lawes were broke in king Agis time by Lysanders meanes Money corrupteth Lycurgus Lawes See more in Lysaders life Lysander brought in richer againe into Sparta Theopompus wordes of obeying and commauÌ„ding Good gouernmeÌ„t breedeth due obedieÌ„ce Antisthenes Socrates schollers wordes The foundation of a common weale Diuine honours to Lycurgus after his death Antiorus Lycurgus â—â—â—â—â— In what time Numa â—â—â— Cicero de Or. 2. Tuscâ—l 4. Lius Hâ—lic lib. 2. VVhether Pythagoras had any conversation with Numa Pythagoras the seconde a Spartan borne taught Numa at Rome The death of Romulus In the life of Romulus he is named Trocolus â— Dissention as Rome about choosing of their King. Liuie sayeth but a hundred Dionysius 200. Plutar. in the life of Romulus agreeth with Dionysius Interregnum Numa chosen King. Numa borne in the cittie of Cures Quirites why so called The life and manners of Numa before his raigne Tatia the wife of Numa Numa conuersant with the goddesse Egeria Goddes familliar with men VVho are beloued of the goddes Proclus and Velesus ambassadours to offer Numa the kingdom The orasion of Numa to the abassadours refusing to be King. Numa beginneth his kingdome with seruice of the goddes Numa was consecrated by the Augures The garde of Celeres discharged by Numa Flamen Quirinalis instituted of Numa Numa inducent ciuill quiet life Plato de Rep. lib. 2. Numa and Pythagoras institutions muche a like Numa worshipped Tacita one of the Muses Pythagoras taught his schollers to kept silence Pythagoras opinion of god Numa forbad images of God. Proofes for the conuersation of Numa and Pythagoras Numa instituteth Bishoppes Pontifices why so called The wodden bridge as Rome The highe bishoppe The institution of the Vestall Nunnes The holy and immortal fire How the holy fire is drawen from the pure flame of the sunne See the life of Camillus touching the Vestall Nunnes The Vestalls prerogatius The punishment of the Vestall Nunnes The temple of Vesta represenseth the figure of the worlde VVhere the fire abideth The manner of buriall Libitina honored at funeralls The time of mourning Salâ—i Feciales Pluto Probl. 62. Gell. lib. 16 c.4 Feciales called Irenophylaces Irenen a quarrell pacified with reason without the sword Rome taken by the Gaules See Camillus Life The institution of the Salij A target from heauen VVhereof they were called Salij Ancylia whereof so called Regia the Kings palace The manner of the Romaines worshipping of the goddes The Pythagorians opinion touching prayer Hoc age a watcheword to tend diuine seruice The similitude of Numa and Pythagoras precepts By what means Numa made the Romaines quiet and gentle The wonders of Numa Numaes speaking with Iupiter Picus Fannus The purifying of thunder Ilicium the name of the place Numa buylded temples to Faythe and Terme Numa made the boundes of the territorie of Rome Numa aduaunceth jillage Numa deuided his people into sundrie occupations Numa tooke away the factions of Romulus and Tatius The ordinaunce of the moneths of Numaes institution Macrob. 1. Sarâ—r 13. The yere diuersely counted * Peraduenture ye must read in the Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is to saye of the name of Iuno * Some olde Grecian copies saye in this place marg 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as much to saye as for the deade VVhy Ianus is painted with two faces At what time the temple of Ianus is thus in Rome Liu. lib. 1. The Romains had us warres in al Nunaes time Platoes saying concerning the felicitie of a coÌ„mon weale Numaes tiues and posteritie Pompilia Numaes daughter Pompilia maried to Caius Martius Corislanus Martius the Sabyne made Sunatouar at Rome Ancus Martius the sonne of Caius Martius Coviolanus The death of Numa Numaes bookes VVhy the Pythagoriâ—agrave left nothing in writing 12. bookes of priesthood 12. bookes of philosophie Good men praysed after their death The misfortunes of Numaes successours Hostilius The vertues of Numa and Lycurgus were alike but their deeds diuers VVhat things were harde to Lycurgus Slaues sai with their master as Saturnes feasts Macrob. Satur lib. 1. Diuers causes of the diuersitie of institutions of Numa and Lycurgus Description of their people Reason for mariages Numaes order for maidens the better The Laconians were to manly The Romaine women very modest The first diuorce aâ— Rome Howe much education and discipline is worthe Arist. polit 8. How Lycurgus lawes were stablished VVhy Numaes orders dyed Why Numa is to be preferred before Lycurgus Solons linage Great friendshipp betâ—ixâ— Solon Pisistratus A statute for bondmen Solon gaue him selfe in youth to trade marchauÌ„dise Solons iudgemeÌ„t of riches The commodities of merchandise A marchauns builded Massilia Thales Hippocrates Plato all marchaunts Pouerty with vertue better than riches How Solon vsed his poetrie Solon delited in morall but not in naturall philosophie Hellens three footed stoole of gold draweÌ„ vp in a drag net The rare modesty of the wise men Anacharsis and Solons meeting Anacharsis saying of Solons written lawes Solons talke with Thales at Miletum about mariage for hauing of children VVe should not let to get things necessarie fearing to lose them Cybistus Thales adopted sonne The instinct of naturall loue Proclamation vpon paâ—ne of death no man so moâ—e the counsell for the title of Salamina Solon fained madnes to recouer Salamina Solons Elegies of the Salaminians Of the temple of Venus Coliade Sâ—ab lib 4. â—â—rsan of the Athenians Solons stratageames Solon wanne Salamina Great stryfe betwext
Anicius Praetor Perseus laye at the foote of the mount Olympus with 4000 horsemeÌ„ 40000 footemen AEmylius admonition to his souldiers Paulus AEmylius would haue the watch to haue no speares nor pikes The originall of springes Fountaines compared to womeÌ„s brests Scipio Nasica and Fabius Maximus offer thens selues to take the straights The height of the mount Olympus Nasica tranne the straights of Macedon Persons pitched his caÌ„pe before the cittie of Pydne The riuers of AEson and Leucus AEmylius aunswer to Scipio Nisca for geuing charge apon the enemies The skill and foresight of a wise captaine The eclipse of the moon The superstitioÌ„ of the Romaines when the moone is eclipsed The cause of an eclipse of the moone AEmylius policie to procure shirmishe The army of the Macedonians marching against the Romaines in battell The battell betwext Perseus and AEmylius PersoÌ„ goeth out of the battell vnto Pydus Victorie woÌ„ne by labour not by slothe Salius a captaine of the Pelignians tooke the ensigne and threwe it among the enemies The valliaÌ„tnes of Marcus Cato AEmilius victorie of Perseus The battell fought and wonne in one hower The vallâ—â—â—nes of Scipio the lesse Perseus fled from Pydne to Pella Time dutie to be obserued to the Prince Death the indignation of the Prince The couetousnes of the Cretans Misers whine for their gooddes The Macedonians submit them selues to AEmylius VVonders Newes brought to Rome out of Macedon in 4. dayes of Aemylius victorie there and no man knewe howe they came AEnobarbus why so called Cn. Octanius AEmylius lleutenaunts by sea The miserable state Perseus was brought vnto by the craft subtletie of a Cretan King Perseê° yeldeth him self in Samothracia vnto Cneus Octauius Perseus vnprincely behauiour vnto AEmylius AEmylius oration vnto Perseus prisoner AEmylius oratiom touching fortune and her vnconstantie AEmylius honorable progresse in Graece AEmylius setteth Macedon at a slaye AEmylius wordes above the care and good order at feasts AEmylius abstinence AEmylius cruell acte spoyling of Epirus AEmylius tooke shippe at the cittie of Orica and returned into Italie The enuie of Seruius Galba vnto AEmylius 〈…〉 abâ—â— AEmylius triumphe Seruilius oration for the furtheraunce of AEmylius triumphe A notable description of AEmylius triumphe Perseus children king Perseus AEmylius scorneth Perseus cowardlines Foure huÌ„dred crownes of gold sent vnto AEmylius by the citties of Graece AEmylius adversitie AEmylius fortitude in his great aduersitie AEmylius oration in his trouble for the death of his children The death of king Perseus A straunge kind of death The statee of Perseus sonnes By AEmylius victorie the people payed no more subsidie AEmylius chosen CeÌ„sor The office authoritie of the Censor AEmylius sicknes AEmylius remoued from Rome and dwelt in the citty of Velia The death of AEmylius in Rome AEmylius funeralles AEmylius goodes what they came to The state of the Syracusas before Timoleons coÌ„ming Icetes tyraÌ„ne of the Leontines By what voice Timoleon came to be generall Timoleons parentage manners Timophanes Timoleons brother what he was Timoleon saued his brothers life The Corinthians enterteined 400. straungers made Timophanes captaine of them to keepe their cittie Timophanes cruelty vsurpation of the kingdom Timophanes slaine by his brothers procurement Our acts must be honest and constant Phocions saying Aristides graue saying TimoleoÌ„ chosen generall to go into Sicile Icetes tyran of the Leontines a traytor A signe happened to Timoleon Timoleon tooke shippe towards Sicile A burning torche appeared in the element vnto Timoleon Icetes beseegeth Dionysia Icetes sendeth Ambassadors vnto TimoleoÌ„ TimoleoÌ„ crafttier then the Carthaginians Rhegio a citie of Greece Timoleon laÌ„deth as Tauvomenion in Sicile Andromachâ— the Father of Timaeus the Historiographer gouerner of the citie of Tauromenion The Carthaginians Ambassador did threaten to destroy the citie of Tavromenion by shewing Andromachâ— the palme and backe of his hand The god Adranus Timoleon ouerthrew Icetes armie made him flye from Adranus The Adranitans yeld vnto Timoleon Mamercus tyran of Catana Dionysius the tyran yeldeth him selfe and the castell of Syracusa vnto Timoleon Dionysius the tyran of Syracusa sent to Corinthe The miseries calamities of Dionysius the tyran Dionysius brought to Corinthe The Inconstancie of fortune Notable sayings of Dionysius Syracusan The benefite of Philosophy A tyranes state vnfortunate This agreeth with AEsops wordes to Solon who wished him oÌ„ming to princes to please them or not to come nere them See Solons life and his answer to AEsop. Diogenes saying to Dionysius the tyrane Timoleons prosperitie Icetes hiereth two souldiers to kill Timoleon at Adranus The treason discouered to Timoleon by one of the souldiers The wonderfull worke of fortune Icetes bringeth Mago a Carthaginian with a great army to Syracusa Leon captaine of the Corinthians within the castell Leon wanne Acradina Contention of fortune and valliancie The stratageame of Hanno the admirall of the Carthaginians Timoleon marcheth to Syracvsa Mago forsaketh Sicile vpoÌ„ suspect of treason Anapus fl Timoleon wynneth the citie of Syracusa Timoleon ouerthroweth the castell of Syracvsa Timoleon made Syracvsa a popular gouernment The miserable state of Sicile Mago slue him selfe being called to aunswer his departure out of Sicile The Corinthians replenished the citie of Syracusa vvith three score thovvsand inhabitants Leptines tyran of Apollonia yelded to Timoleon The armie shippes of the CarthaginiaÌ„s against TimoleoÌ„ Asdrubal Amilcar being generalls Timoleon weÌ„t with 6000. man against the Carthaginians Crimesus fl Smallage an ill signe Prouerbe Garlandes of smallage The order of the Carthaginians armie Timoleon geueth charge apon the Carthaginians as they came ouer the riuer of Crimesus The seruice of the armed cartes Timoleons maruelous biggâ— voyce Timoleons order and fight A maruelous tempest of thunder ligthning rayne winde and â—ayle full in the Carthaginians faces as they fought Timoleons victorie of the Carthaginians Timoleon banisheth the thowsaÌ„d treytorous souldiers out of Sicile Gisco sone froÌ„ Carthage with 70. saile into Sicile Messina viseth against Timoleon Mamercus verses tyrant of Catena Calâ—â—â— of Sicile Damirias fl Strife among Timoleons captaines for passing ouer the riuer Timoleons deuise to draw lottes to pacifie the strife Timoleon taketh Icetes Eupolemus his sonne aliue and did put them to death Icetes wiues and children put to death The crueltie of Icetes towards Dion and his Mamercus ouercome in battel Abolus fl Timoleon maketh peace with the Carthaginians Lycus fl Catana yelded vp vnto Timoleon Hippon the tyranne of Messina Hippon put to death Mamercus the tyranne put to death TimoleoÌ„ quieteth all Sicile Timoleon compared with the famousest meÌ„ of Greece Timoleon attributeth his good successe vnto fortune Timoleon dwelleth still with the Syracvsans Simonides saying Timoleons accusers Timoleons great praise Timoleon in his age lost his sight The great honor the Syracusans did Timoleon being blind A laeâ—â—e made to honor Timoleon The death of Timoleon Timoleons funeralles An honorable decree of the SyracusaÌ„s for the memorie of Timoleon Timoleons
tombe built in the market place The coÌ„parison of Timoleon and Paulus AEmylius for the vvarres The woÌ„derful continencie of AEmylius from bribes Not to take giftes commended for a singular vertue AEmylius Constancie for exceeded Timoleons To be so bold veÌ„turous is not good The aunswere of a souldierâ— to king Antigonus Diuers opinions of life death why the Greecians do punish him that casteth away his target Iphicrates comparison of an armie of men A lieutenant of an armie must be careful to saue him selfe Timotheus saying Pelopidas Marcellus lost both their liues by to much venturing Pelopidas stock liberalitie Aristotles saying of rich men Pelopidas saying for the necessitie of monie The persit frendshippe betwixt Pelopidas Epaminondas The true cause of frendshippe Agesipolis king of the Lacedaemonians Cadmea the castel of Thebes taken by Phebidas captaine of the Lacedaemonians Ismenias death Pelopidas Pherenicus and Androclidas banished from Thebes Archias and Leontidas gouerners of Thebes vnder the Lacedaemonians Androclidas slayne The thanckfulnes of the Athenians vnto the Thebans Pelopidas counsel for the libertie of the Thebans Conspiracie against the Lacedaemonians for the libertie of Thebes Charon kept promise with daunger of life Pelopidas coÌ„meth into Thebes disgised in cloynes apparel Philidas secretary to the tyrans Pelopidas daunger Archias Bishop of AtheÌ„s bewraieth the treason to Archias in a letter VVeighty matters to morrow Prou. Pelopidas killeth the tyrans The Liberty of the Thebans restored Pelopidas receiueth the Castell of Cadmea by Composition Pelopidas ouerthrewe the seigniorie of the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas policy to make the Athenians fall out againe with the Lacedaemonians The Thebans exercise in armes Antalcidas saying to king Agesilaus The victory of Thebans against the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas victory of the Lacedaemonians at the battlle of Tegyra Melas ft. Latona brought to bed betwene two springes called the Palme and the Oliue Pelopidas victorie What enemies are moste terrible to be feared The first institution of the holie bande Men louing together fight desperately against their enemies Hercules Iolaus loue Platoes saying of a louer The Goddesse Harmonia Cleombrotus king of the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas princely aunsweare Se what plagues folowe where iustice is denied Pelopidas dreame vision in the fieldes of Leuetrea Agesileus dreame Godly sayings concerning God. Gods prouidence and sodaine ayde The filly slaine sacrificed The battell at Leuctres The cause of the ouerthrow of the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas and Epaminondas victorie at the battaile of Leuctres Pelopidas Epaminondas iorney into Peloponesus being both gouernors of Boeotia Apenall lawe at Thebes for resigning vp of offices at the yeers end Pelopidas Epaminondas went ouer the riuer of Eurotas with 70. thousand meÌ„ The ingratitude of the Thebans toward Pelopidas and Epaminondas The Lawe Boucation Epaminondas patience Pelopidas coÌ„demneth Meneclidas a seditious orator and accuser The practise of spitefull men Our forefathers did paint and set forth their battailes Alexander the tyran of Pheres Larissa a city Philip of Macedon deliuered for ostage vnto Pelopidas Pelopidas taken prisonner by the tyran Alexander at Pharsale Pelopidas stoutnes Thebe the wife of Alexander the tyran Epaminondas sent into Thessalie with an army The brutishe cruelty of Alexander the tyran Epaminondas deliuered Pelopidas out of prison Artaxerxes king of Persia Pelopidas sent Ambassador to the king of Persia Pelopidas greatly honored of the king of Persia. Pelopidas refused the great giftes of the kinge Artaxerxes Timagoras Ambassador for the Athenians put to death for taking great giftes of the kinge of Persia Pelopidas second iourney against the tyran AlexaÌ„der of Pheres The eclipse of the sunne made the Thebans afraid Battaâ—ll geuen by the temple of Thetis vnto the tyran Alexander Pelopidas slaine The great lamentacion mourning for Pelopidas death The oration of the ThessaliaÌ„s to the Thebans The strange manner of sorowe of Alexander the great for the death of Ephestion Pelopidas happines Esops sayinge of the happines of the dead Death a blessed thing The Thebans reuenged Pelopidas death Alexander the tyran of Pheres slaine by his wife Alexander the tyran of Pheres was the first tyran that was slaine by his wife Marcellus kinred Marcellus condicions The Romaines troubled with warres Marcellus saved his brother Octacilius Marcellus chosen AEdilis and Augure Marcellus accuseth Capitolinus The Romaines had warres with the Carthaginians two twenty yeres together The warre of the Gaules Gessates mercenary Gaules A lawe to exempt ecclesiasticall persone froÌ„ the warr The Romaines did feare the warre of the Gaules Men and women buried aliue Flaminius P. Furius Consulls Newes brought to Rome of strange things seene in Romania Flaminius ouercome the Gaules in battayle The great religion of the Romaines An ordinance for publike sacrifice Marcellus Cneus Cornelius Consulls The Gaules Gessates make warres with Rome and come ouer the Alpes Acerres a city apon the riuer of Po. Clastidium a village or this side the mountaines The maner of the Romaines when they worship The combat a horsebacke betwixt Britomarus king of the Gaules and Marcellus Marcellus slue king Britomaerus as Clastidium Marcellus prayer vnto Iupiter Feretrian The Gaule ouercome by Marcellus Marcellus wanne the city of Millaine Marcellus triumphe Marcellus offeringe up of his rich spoiles The three persones that offered vp Spolia opima in Rome Romulus Cossus Marceâ—us Iupiter Feretrian why so called Spolia opima what they be Marcellus sent into Sicile with an army Posidonius wordes of Fabius Marcellus Lucius Bandius of Nola a valliant man. Marcellus gentlenes Reward made Bandius a true subiect Marcellus victorie of Hanniball at Nola. Marcellus proconsull Certaine Spanyards and Numidians are reuolted from Hannibal Marcellus the third time Consull sent into Sicile The seuerity of the Romaines to cowardly souldiers Cowardes detested of the Romaines Hippocrates generall of the Syracusans Marcellus wanne the city of the Leontines Marcellus besiegeth Syracusa Archimedes a notable mathematician Architas and Eudoxus famous Mathematicians VVhy Plato reproued Eudoxus and Architas Archimedes with an engine drew one of the greatest hackes Hieron the king had a shore The woÌ„derful force of Archimedes engines as Marcellus siege of Syrcusa Marcellus Sambuca Marcellus wondred as Archimedes engynes Archimedes profowndely learned Archimedes Siren. Archimedes demonstracion of the Cylinder Marcellus victories in Sicile Danippus a LacedaemoniaÌ„ Captaine taken prisoner Marcellus winneth Syracusa Acradina Marcellus gentlenes Rich spoyled at Syracusa Archimedes mathematiciaÌ„ slaine in his study Marcellus clemency Engyivm a city in Sicile Nicias craft Marcellus the first that brought in finenes curious tables and pictures into Rome of the spoyles of Syracusa Marcellus entreth into Rome with Ouation triumphe VVhos the Ouation triumphe is Ouation whereof it is called The sacrifices of the quiet triumphe The sacrifices of the litle triumphe Ouation The differeÌ„ces betwixt the Spartans and Romaines in their sacrifices for victorie The Syracusans accuse Marcellus Marcellus being Consull aunswered the Syracusans accusations as a
priuate man. Marcellus constancy Marcellus curtesie to the Syracusans Marcellus actes against Hanniball in his fourth Consullship Cneus Fuluius viceconsull slaine in Apulia by Hanniball Marcellus fought a battell with Hanniball at Numistron in Apulia The Dictator chosen by the Consull or Praetor not by the people nor Senate VVhereof Dictator commeth Quintus Fuluius chosen Dictator by the people Marcellus Proconsull Hannibals oration to his souldiers Marcellus stratageame Marcellus ouercome in battell by Hanniball Marcellus had wordes vnto his souldiers Hannibals wordes of Marcellus Battell betwixt Hanniball and Marcellus The worthy act of Flauius Tribunus milium Marcellus victory of Hannibal Hanniball lay in garrison in the city of Sinuesse in Campania P. Bibulus Tribune of the people accuseth Marcellus Circus Flaminius Marcellus chosen Consul the fift time The temples of honor and vertue built by Marcellus VVonderfull signes were seene in Rome vnfortunate to Marcellus Marcellus three score yeare olde beinge chosen Consull the fift time Q. Crispinus Consull Hanniball lay betwixt the cities of Bancia and Venousa Mons Petelium An ambush layd by Hanniball Ill signes to Marcellus Quintus Crispinus fellowe Consull with Marcellus Marcellus slaine in an ambush at the hill of Pâ—â—elie The Consull Crispinus slaine Marcellus funerall honored by Hanniball Marcellus monuments Marcellus posterity Pelopidas Marcellus actes in wars Marcellus actes preferred before Pelopidas The maner of Marcellus Pelopidas deedes Marcellus made the Romaines coragious Rashneâ— in a Captaine deserueth blame The valliantnes and obedience of Chrysantas a souldier Plutarch excuseth his free speech and Iudgement of these famous men Pelopidas Marcellus funeralls vnlike Aristides wealth Good men may take giftes but after a sorie Damon banished bicause he was to wise Socrates was not poore Aristocratia what it signifieth Aristides and Themistocles enemies in the common wealth Themistocles disposition Aristides nature Themistocles saying for partiality Aristides maner of dealing in the common wealth Barathrum a prison or dungeon Aristides constancy Aristides iustice Aristides wise saying Aristides chosen treasorer Themistocles couetously geuen Aristides accused condemned for abusing his office Aristides fine released and he made treasorer againe Aristides openly reproueth close theeues in the coÌ„mon wealth and detesteth their praise Miltiades chiefe of the ten Captaines that went against Dathis the king of Persiaes Lieutenant Miltiades victory of the Parsians The wicked parte of Callias the torche bearer Aristides chosen prouost of Athens Aristides called the Iust. The praise of iustice Authority would be with out corruptioÌ„ Themistocles enuieth Aristides iustice Aristides banished with the Ostracismon The nature of the Ostracismon Hyperbolus the last man banished with the Ostracismon The cause of Hyperbolus banishment A description of the Ostracismon A tale of a plaine man that came to Aristides with his shell to pray him to write Aristides name in it Aristides called from exile Aristides acts and councells against kinge Xerxes Aristides wordes of Themistocles Aristides victory as Psyttalea Aristides wise counsell for Xerxes flying out of Greece A stratageame of Themistocles Xerxes left Mardonius his Lieutenant in Greece with 300000. men The noble minde of the Athenians Aristides Lieutenant generall of the AtheniaÌ„s against Mardonius Pausanias king of Lacedaemon generall of all Greece Asopus flu Oracles of the victory of Plateas The Nymphes Sphragitides Arymnestus dreame The magnanimity of the Plataeians Alexander the great doth honor the Plateians for their noble mindes Strife betwene the Athenians Tegeates Aristides wisely pacifieth the mutinie The conspiracy of the rich noble men of Athens Mount Cithaeron Masistius generall of the horsemen of the Persians Masistius slaine by the Athenians Alexander kinge of Macedon reuealeth the Persian secrete counsell vnto Aristides The treason of the Thebans The stubbornnes of Amompharetus Captaine of the Lacedaemonians The battell of the GreeciaÌ„s with the Persians at the city of Plataees Callicrates slaine without fighting Note the obedience of the Spartan souldiers vnto death Barteâ—â—l betwixt the Greecians Persians The Greecian victorie of the Persians as Platees Mardonius slaine of Arimnestus a Spartan with a blow of a stone Two hundred and three score thousand Persians slain A thowsande three hundred three score Greecians slaine Strife betwixt the AtheniaÌ„s and Lacedaemonians for honor of the victory Corinthe the third city of estimacion in Greece Sparta Athens Corinthe The Greecians graâ—â—nt the honor of the victory vnto the Plataeians The wonderfull speede of Euchidas the Plataeian a foâ—â—e Diana Euclia Euchidas death A generall counsell holden at the city of Plataees Solemne sacrifices and funeralls kepe by the Plataeians yerely for the Greecians that were slaine as the battaill of Plataees Aristides preferreth the popular state A wicked deuise of Themistocles Aristides sentence apon Themistocles deuise The iustice of the AtheniaÌ„s Aristides and Cimon generalls of the Athenians against the barbarous people Aristides iustice and vertue tooke from the Lacedaemonians all their rule and authority in Greece Pausanias proude and couetous Pausanias cruell punishing of his souldiers Aristides fine triall of traytors The rebellious act of Vliades and Antagoras against Pausanias The temperance of the Lacedaemonians Aristides did sesse the cities of GREECE Aristides a true cesser Tauntes betwixt Themistocles and Aristides Aristides preferred necessity of time before law reason Aristides gloried in his pouerty A hard thing to away with pouerty VVho may be ashamed of pouerty Aristides coÌ„mended of Plato Aristides temperance vnto Themistocles Aristides death Aristides coÌ„demned for extorcion Aristides tombe The Athenians thankefulnes vnto Aristides children Myrto Aristides daughters daughter maried vnto Socrates The Athenians commended for their liberality Cato called an vpstare The definition of this worde Cato Catoes maners and life Cato an excellent orator Cato a souldier at 17. yeares of age A grimme looke geueth terror to the enemy This Manius Curius ouerthrew kinge Pyrrus being generall of the Tarâ—â—inas Cato the elder wondered as the thrifâ—nes of Manius Curius The moderacion of Manius Curius Nearchus the Pythagorian Philosopher Caenes scholemaister Platâ—â—s opinion of pleasure Cato learned the Greeke tongue in his olde age Cato profited most by Demosthenes eloquence Valerius Flaccus a great wise man. Catoes strauÌ„ge life Cato goeth to Rome by Valerius Flaccus perswasion Cato chosen Tribunus militum Catoes offices in the Senate Cato followed Fabius Maximus Catoes emulacion with Scipio the great Cato beinge treasorer vnder Scipio Afrikan reproued him for his wastfull expences Cato accuseth Scipio of riot Catoes eloquence his continent life and extreame paynes Catoes wonderfull thrift Catoes sharpnes Gentlenesse goeth further then iustice Gentlenesse to be vsed vnto brute beastes A gentle lawe made by the Athenians in fauer of their laboringe moyles Xanthippus buried his dogge that swame by his gallyes side from Athens to Salamina and dyed wheÌ„ he landed Catoes straight life Cato Praetor in Sardinia Catoes neerenes in his circuite Catoes seuerity Catoes speech and writing Catoes sayinges Themistocles saying Honor nourisheth â—â—ie Cato
against offices of perpetuity Cato woulde punish him selfe for offending That is to say vnderstanding For they iudged that the seate of reason was placed in the hart following Aristotles opinion Blushinge in younge man is a better taken then palenes A louer liueth in an other body Cato and Valerius Flaccus Consuls Catoes doings in Spayne Catoes abstinence from spoyle and bribery Discorde betwext Cato Scipio Cato ouercame the Lacetanians Catoes actes after his Consullshippe and triumphe The power of Antiochus the great Cato mocked Posthumius Albinus a Romaine for writing a story in the Greeke tongue Kinge Antiochus army Catoes doings against king Antiochus Mount Callidromus Catoos oration to his souldiers The boldenes and valliant attempt of Catoes souldiers Cato advertised of the streÌ„gth of king Antiochus campe Cato tooke the straight of Thermopyles Kinge Antiochus hurt in the face with a stone Catoes victory of kinge Antiochus Cato woulde praise his owne doings Manius sendeth Cato to Rome to cary newes of the victory Cato an accuser of men Cato fifty times accused The dignity and office of the Consor How the Censors were chosen The Senators and nobility bent all against Catoes sute Cato chosen Censor Catoes acts in his censorship Cato put Lucius Quintius Flaminius of the Senate The cause why Cato put Quintius of the Senate Lucius Quintius Flaminius wickednes cruelty Manilius put of the Senate for kissing his wife before his daughter Mery with maried men when Iupiter shundereth Banketing feastes put downe by Cato Catoes counsel for reforminge excesse at Rome Superfluous things reckened for riches Scopas goodes were all in toyes that did him no good Basilica Porcia built by Cato Catoes image set vp in the temple of the goddesse of health Honor chaungeth condition No maÌ„ should abide to be praised how for the common wealth VVhat Cato was at home in his house and towarded his wife and children Cato iudgeth the noble borne gentlewomen the best wiues Socrates patience commended bearinge with the sherwduts of his wife Catoes wife was nource to her owne childe Cato taught his sonne Chilo a grammarian VVhat exercises Cato brought vp his sonne in Catoes sonne was valiant Cato and younger maried Tertia Paulus AEmylius daughter Scipio the second was AEmylius naturall sonne Catoes discipline to his slaues Catoes opinion for sleepy meÌ„ Note how Cato altered his maner and opinion by wealth Catoes good husbandry for increasing his wealth Cato a great vserer He tooke extreame vsery by sea Carneades Diogenes Philosophers sent Ambassadors to Rome Cato misliked the Greeke tongue Catoes Phisicall booke Cato talketh with Salonius his clarke about the mariage of his daughter Catoes aunswere to his sonne of his seconde mariage Cato maried Salonius daughter being a very old man and had a sonne by her How Cato passed his age Catoes wrytinges and monuments Catoes reuenue Catoes company pleasant both to old young The table a good meane to procure loue and how table talke should be vsed Cato author of the last warres against the Carthaginians Scipio Nasica against Cato for the destroying of Carthage Catoes death Catoes posterity Aristides and Catoes accesse to the common wealth Cato in marshall affaires excelled Aristides Aristides and Catoes displeasures in the common wealth The power of innocency eloquence Oeconomia houserule The nature of oyle No man wise that is not wise to him selfe VVhether pouerty be an ill thing VVhether Aristides factes or Catoes did most benefit their contry Ambition a hatefull thing in the commoÌ„ wealth Cato reproued for his second wife Crausis Philopoemenes father Cassander Philopoemenes schoolemaister Ecdemus and Demophanes red Philosophy to Philopoemen Philopoemen the last famous maÌ„ of Greece Philopoemen taken for a seruinge man. Philopoemen hasty and wilfull Philopoemen delighted in warre martiall exercises Philopoemen did reproue wrestling Philopoemenes gaines how they were employed Philopoemenes study and care in tillage Philopoemenes delite to read Euangelus bookes of the discipline of warres Philopoemen saued the Megalopolitans from Cleomenes king of Sparta Philopoemen very sore hurt King Antigonus came to aide the Achaiads against Cleomenes king of Lacedaemon Philopoenes noble fact in the 〈…〉 against kinge Cleomenes Philopoemen hurt in fight Antigonus saying of Philopoemenes skill of a souldier Philopoemen chosen Generall of the horsemen of the Achaians Philopoemen slue Demophantus Generall of the horsemen of the AEtolians The praise of Philopoemen Aratus raised Achaia to greatnes Philopoemen and Aratus compared Aratus a sofe man in warres Philopoemen chaungeth tho Achaians order and discipline of wars Philopoemen turned all curiosity and dainty fare into braue riche armors Brauet armor incorageth mens mindes to serue nobly Philopoemen made warres with Machanidas tyran of Lacedaemon Battell fought betwene Philopoemen and Machanidas Philopoemen ouercame Machanidas army tyran of the Lacedaemonians Philopoemen slue Machanidas The onely name of Philopoemen made the Boeotians flee for feare Nabis tyran of Lacedaemon wanne the city of Messina Nabis fleeth Philopoemen Philopoemen deliuered the city of Messina from Nabis the tyran of Lacedaemon Philopoemenes seconde iorney into Creta discommanded Philopoemen made diuerse cities to rebell against the Achaians The Cretans politicke men of warre Philopoemen made Generall of the Achaians against Nabis Philopoemen ouercome by sea Nabis besiegeth the city of Gythium Philopoemen ouer came Nabis tyran of Lacedaemon in battell Titus Quintius emâ—ieth Philopoemen Nabis slaine by the AEtolians Philopoemen free from couetousnes Philopoemenes wise counsell to the Lacedaemonians howe they should bestowe their giftes Diophanes T. Quintius Flaminius do inuade Lacedaemonia Philopoemenes noble act Philopoemenes cruelty to the Spartans Philopoemen made the Spartans forsake Lycurgus law Antiochus solace and mariage as Chalcis Philopoemenes counsell against the Romaines Philopoemen chosen the eight time Generall of the Achaians being 70. yere olde Philopoemenes iorney against Dinocrates Mons Euander Philopoemenes misfortune Philopoemen taken Philopoemen poysoned by Dinocrates Philopoemenes last words Philopoemenes death The AchaiaÌ„s did reuenge Philopoemenes death Dinocrates slue him selfe Philopoemenes funerall Note the humanity of the Romaines keepinge their enemies monuments from defacing Titus Quintius first charge in warre Degrees of offices before one came to be Consull T. Q. Flaminius Sextius AElius Consulls T. Q. Flaminius maketh warre with Philip king of Macedon Titus curtesie ranne the Greecians more than his force T. Q. landed in Epirvs Apsus fâ—â— The descriptioÌ„ of the contry of Epirvs Charopus Machatas sonne the chiefe man of the Epirots T. Q. possessed the straightes of the mouÌ„taine The Macedonians flee Philips flying king of Macedon T. Q. Flaminius modesty sorbearing spoyle wanne him many frendes Pyrrus saying of the Romaines army King Attalus death The Boeotians yeld vnto the Romaines Quintius army King Philip and Quintius met with their armies neere Scotvsa Battell betwene Quintius and Philip kinge of Macedon The propertie of the Macedonian battell Quintius overcome Philippes army Mutinie betwixt the AEtolians the Romaines Alcaeus verses in disgrace of
Xenophon great about Agesilaus marg The practise of Lysander about alteratioÌ„ of gouernment The wise conÌ„sell of a Senatour at Sparta The policie of Agesilaus to win his enemies Agesilaus Agesipolis kinges of Lacedaemon Teleutias Agesilaus halfe brother made Generall of the army by sea Certaine Apothegmes of Agesilaus * Meaning that he was not well in his wittes to be so presumptuous Agesilaus ouercome the Acarnanians Antalcidas peace Phoebidas possesseth the castel of Cadmea Agesilaus praise of iustice Sphodrias practise to take the hauen of Pirâ—a at Athens Sphodrias accused of treason Home Sphodrias was saued froÌ„ death Agesilaus cockering his children too much Agesilaus iorney into Boeotia Antalcidas saying Rhetra of Lycurgus Agesilaus suâ—till deuise to shewe the weakenes of the allies Agesilaus sell sodainly sicke of a daungerous disease Epaminondas the Theban sent Ambassador vnto Lacedaemon The strife betwext Agesilaus and Epaminondas for the libertie of Boeotia The Lacedaemonians slaine at the battell of Leuctres Cleombrotus king of the Lacedaemonians slaine Cleonymus the sonne of Sphodrias slaine at king Cleombrotus foote Xenophons saying The constancy and fortitude of the Spartans The fortitude of the Spartan women Tresantas be cowardes or faint harted men Punishment at Sparta for cowardly souldiers Epaminondas inuadeth Laconia with three score ten thowsande men Certaine witty aunswers Conspiracies at Lacedaemon vnder Agesilaus Issorium the temple of Diana A fine deuise to apprehende the traitors The departure of the Thebans out of Laconia Agesilaus saued the citie of Sparta The tearelesse battell of Archidamus ouercomming the ArcadiaÌ„s The Lacedaemonians were not wonâ— to reioyes much at any victory Messina restored againsâ— by Epaminondas Epaminondas second iorney vnto Sparta Agesilaus repulsed Epaminondas from Lacedaemon The fortitude of Archidamus The valliantnes of Isadas a Spartan Isadas rewarded amerced The death of Epaminondas Machariones why so called Agesilaus greedy of warres Agesilaus devided of the Egiptians Agesilaus despised al dainty thinges Agesilaus forsaketh Tachos goeth vnto Nectanebos In whom stratageames take most effect The stratageame of Agesilaus against the Egyptians The liberality of king Nectanebos vnto Agesilaus The death of Agesilaus The raigne of Agesilaus Agesilaus body noynted with waxe for lacke of honnie The father of Pompey hated in Rome Strabo the father of Pompey The Loue of the Romanes vnto Pompey The fauour of Pompey Flora the curtisan loued Pompey Flora the curtisan was passing sayer The temperaunce of Pompey in dyes The treason of Lucius TereÌ„tius against Pompey Pompey accused for robbing the common treasure The cause of the crie of Talassio at mariages in Rome Pompey maried Antistia The death of Cinna Pompeyes first Captainshippe vnder Sylla Pompey was Chiefetaine of an army at 23. yeares of age The citie of Auximum Pompey goeth vnto Sylla Pompey victories of the Marians Pompey ioyned with Sylla Pompey called Imperator of Sylla The honor Sylla did vnto Pompey Pompey went to aide Metellus in Gaule VVonderfull victories of Pompey Pompey put away his wife Antistia â— and maried AEmylia the daughter of Metella Syllaes wife The death of Antistius Pompey sent from Syllainto Sicile Lawe must geue place to armie The death of Carbo The death of Q. Valerius The bolde speache of Sthenis Pompey sealed vp his souldiers swordes Pompeis iorney into Msâ—icke vnder Sylla against Domitius Domitius camped by Pompey with his army Pompeis victory of Domitius Domitius slaine Pompey tooke king Iarbas Pompeis conquestes at 24. yeares of age The loue of the souldiers vnto Pompey Pompey called Magnus by Sylla The wisedom of the Romanes commended for rewardinge foreine and home seruice Valerius and Rullus called Maximi in Rome Pompeis slowt aunswere vnto Sylla Pompey not being Senator triuÌ„pheth against the law Marcus Lepidus created Consull Sylla fallow from the loue of Pompey Lepidus moueth ciuill warre Brutus the father slaine by Pompey The death of Lepidus The valliantnes of Sertorius in Spayne Pompeys iorney into Spayne against Sertorius Metellus geuen to royt pleasure Sertorius wan the city of Lauron in the fight of Pompey Pompey slue Herennius Perpenna Battell betwext Pompey and Sertorius Sucron fl The modesty of Pompey Metellus Pompey ouercame Perpenna and slue him Pompey burnt Sertorius letters the like also did Iulius Caesar wheÌ„ he ouercame Pompey Pompey ouercame the rest of the bondemen Pompey and Crassus first Consullshippe The custome of the Knights in Rome Pompey as a Knight of Rome sueth to be discharged from the warres Pompey submitteth to the Censors Pompey and Crassus made frendes Pompeye pride and glory The beginning of the pirates warre The power insolency of the pirates in Cilicia The pirates nauy a thowsand shippes The pirates scorning of the Romanes when they were taken Gabinius law for Pompeys authority against the pirates At the voyce of the people a crow flying fell downe Pompeys preparation against the pirates The courtesie of Pompey vnto Piso. The victory of Pompey vpon the pirate How men are tamed Pompey lewd fact against Metellus Achilles dishonest fact Pompey appointed Lucullus successor The boldnes of Catulus in disswading Manilius law Pompeys great dissimulation Quarrell betwixt Pompey and Lucullus Pompey and Lucullus meeting in Galatia Pompeys iorney against Mithridates Mithridates dreame Pompey ouerthrew Mithridates Hypsicratea Mithridates concubine otherwise called Hypsicrates for his valliantnes like a man. Araxes fl Tigranes yeldeth him selfe vnto Pompey Tigranes laied his diadeame at Pompeys feete Tigranes sonne a prisoner Ambassadors sent from the king of Parthia vnto Pompey Caucasus mont Albani and Iberes what meâ—â—â— of people Cyrnus fl Pompey ouerthrew the Albanians Pompey ouercame the Iberians Phasis fl The AlbaniaÌ„s rebell against Pompey Abas fl Pompey slue Cosis the kinges brother of the Albanians The Amazones Gele and Leleges people that do company with the Amazones Thermodon fl Stratonice Mithridates chiefe harlot Pompeys abstinence from taking of gifts Mithridates remeÌ„brauÌ„ces Rutilius an historiographer Pompeis faâ—e Pompeys iorney into Syria Pompey brought Syria into the forme and gouernment of a prouince Pompeys vertues The power insolency of Demetrius Pompeys infranchised bondman Catoes exclamation against Demetrius Pompeys infranchised bondman Pompeys Theater The king of Arabia Petrea submitted him selfe to Pompey Mithridates death The value of Mithridates scaberd of his sword Pompeys returne out of Asia Mutia the wife of Pompey Pompey forsooke his wife Mutia Pompey at his returne out of Asia discharged his souldiers Pompeis honorable returne to Rome out of Asia A law for triumphe Cato refreseth Pompeis alliance Pompeis third triumphe The canâ—â—ies conquered by Pompey Captiues led in Pompeis third triuÌ„phe Pompey conquered three partes of the world Africke Europe Asia Pompey triumphed thrise before the age of forty yeres The chaunge of Pompeys fortune and honor Lucullus beloued of the Senate at his returne out of Asia Lucullus inueyed against Pompey by Catoes ressistance Pompey ioyned with Clodius Tribune of the people Pompey forsaketh his frend Cicero Caesar reconciled Pompey and Crassus
make their slaues dronke The cause of describing the liues of the wicked Plato of vertue and vice Demetrius parentage The death of Philip the younger brother of Demetrius Demetrius baâ—â—ie Demetrius maners Demetrius loue to his father A king can abide no equall The sport of the East kings was to kill their owne children wiues and mothers Demetrius curtesie Antigonus dreame Demetrius saueth Mithridates life Mithridates king of Poni * Bicause he sayd that loue and discord were euer the efficient causes of generation and corruption of all thinges Enmitie betwixt Antigonus and Ptolomy Demetrius generall to Antigonus against Ptolomy Demetrius ouerthrowen in battaile by Ptolomy The bountifulnes of Ptolomy the Conqueror vnto Demetrius conquered Demetrius victorie of Ptolomy Demetrius thankefulnes vnto Ptolomy Demetrius inuaded Arabia Demetrius inuadeth Mesopatamia Antigonus Demetrius do goe about to set Graece at libertie Demetrius Phalerian gouernor of Athens for Cassander Demetrius restoreth the Athenians to their liberties Demetrius Antigonus honoreth Demetrius Phalerius Demetrius daunger for lechery Demetrius winneth the city of Megara and restoreth it to her libertie Stilpo a famous Philosopher in Megara Stilpoes sayings vnto Demetrius Demetrius restoreth the Athenians to their lawes libertie Democrasias popular gouernment Oligarchias the gouernment of a fewe Too much honors decreed to Demetrius by the Athenians The boldnes of Stratocles Athenian Scratocles cruell saying The moneth of Munychion altered called Demetrion for the honor of Demetrius name VVonders Hemlocke the vsuall erbe with the iâ—yâ— whereof they poysoned offenders at Athens Philippides the Poet. Philippides notable aunswer vnto king Lysimachus not desiring to heare his secrets Demetrius maried unto Eurydice at Athens Demetrius had many wiues together Phila Demetrius wife Antipaters Daughter Craterus widdow The iudgemeÌ„t of marriage obedience Battell by sea in the I le of Cyprus betwixt Demetrius Antigonus and Ptolomy Demetrius victorye of Ptolomy Lamia the famous Curtisan taken by Demetrius vpon the defeating of Ptolomy Salamina yelded vp to Demetrius Aristodemus a notorious flatterer in Antigonus Court. The first time Antigonus Demetrius were called kinges Note the force of flattery by Aristodemus Milasian Antigonus Demetrius iorney against Ptolomy Medius dreame Antigonus mirth with his sonne Demetrius A straunge custom of the Scythians in their dronkennes Demetrius a skilfull Captaine and an excellent Shipwright Sundry delights of Princes Demetrius wonderfull workes Demetrius beseged Rhodes The description of Demetrius greatest engine of battery called Elepolis Two armors made of notable temper by Zoilus an 〈…〉 Alcimus Albanian were an armor of six score pouÌ„d weight The discourtesie of the Rhodians The great courtesie of the Athenians vnto king Philip Protogenes borne in the citie of Caunus an excellent paynter Protogenes table of the citie of Ialysus greatly commended by Apelles himselfe Demetrius concludeth peace with the Rhodians Demetrius victories in Graece Antigonus shame fastnes Demetrius â—antonnesse The names of Demetrius Curtisans Demetrius iorney into Peloponnesus Demetrius maried Deidamia king Phyrrbus sister châ—â—â—ged the name of the citie of Sicyone and called it Demetriade Demetrius chosen generall of all Graece Demetrius pride Philippides verses against Stratocles the boaster Demetrius prodigall gift of 250. talents to his Curtisans to buy them sope Lamia made Demetrius a supper of her owne cost Lamia Elepolis The saying of Demo a Curtisan touching Lamia Demetrius A prety sute commenced vpon a louers dreame and the iudgement reuersed by Lamia the Curtisan The suttelrye of Lamia reuersing Bocchoris Seniece The conspiracy of the kings against Antigonus Antigonus his enemies armie Demetrius dreame and signes Demetrius vpon the first onset made Antiochus the sonne of Seleucus flie Ouerrashly chasting the enemies he lost his victorie and was ouercome The death of king Antigonus Demetrius flight The vnfaithfulnes of the Athenians towards Demetrius Ouer great honors are signes of vnconstant frendship Seleucus requireth Stratonice Demetrius daughter in mariage Plistarchus the brother of Cassander at that time Gouernor of Cilicia Demetrius inuadeth Cilicia Seleucus marieth Stratonice Demetrius daughter The death of Deidamia Demetrius wife Demetrius marieth Ptolemaide Ptolomies daughter Dissention betwext Demetrius and Seleucus Platoes saying of riches Demetrius iorney against the AtheniaÌ„s The Athenians doe yeelde vnto Demetrius A rare deuise of Epicurus at the straight siege of Athens to kepe his schollers aliue with beanes Demetrius clemency vnto the Athenians Demetrius iorney against the Lacedaemonians Demetrius variable fortune Demetrius misfortunes Great dissertion and strife for the realme of Macedon after the death of Cassander Antipater Alexander the sonnes of Cassander Demetrius invadeth Macedon VVyles betwext Alexander and Demetrius Demetrius killeth Alexander the sonne of Cassander Demetrius proclaimed king of Macedon Antiochus the sonne of Seleucus maried his mother in law Stratonice with his fathers good will. Erasistratus Phisitian to Seleucus Erasistratus the Phisitians care to finde out the young Prince Antiochus loue Sappho describeth the signes and tokens of a passioned louer Seleucus loue vnto his sonne Antiochus The citie of Thebes yeelded vnto Demetrius Hieronymus the historiographer Demetrius Lieutenant * Corne unnethly distributed to the souldiers as their wages Demetrius iorney against Pyrrhus Demetrius insolencie Demetrius cloke drawen with the figure of the world and starres The plaine aunswere of the Ambassador of Sparta vnto Demetrius Axius â—â— The praise of king Philips curtesie The bolde speache of a poore woman to king Philip The chiefest office of a king Demetrius called a Fortgainer Demetrius armie preparacion for the recouering of his realme againe Ptolomyâ—â— wonderfull galley of forty bankes of owers Three kings Seleucus Ptolomy and Lysimachus conspired against Demetrius Demetrius armie forsaketh him and goeth to Pyrrhus Phila Demetrius wife poysoneth her selfe Demetrius straunge fortune Demetrius miserie from Princely happines Crates the Philosopher deliuereth Athens from Demetrius siege Demetrius marieth Ptolemaide Demetrius troubles in Asia Plague by ill meate Demetrius famine Patrocles stirreth vp Seleucus against Demetrius Desprate men are not to be sought with Amanus â—â—â— Demetrius dispairing of his good successe an emâ—â—eth to assault Seleucus by night Demetrius army forsooke him and yelded them selves to Seleucus Demetrius flyeth from Seleucus Demetrius yeldeth him selfe vnto Seleucus Demetrius kept as a prisoner in Syria by Seleucus The naturall loue of Antigonus to his father Demotrius Demetrius turned his captiuitie into pleasure The death of Demetrius in Cherronasus The funeralls of Demetrius Xenophantus a famous musition Demetrius posteritie Perseus king of Macedon the last king of Macedon came of the posteritie of Demetrius Antonius pareneage * Bicause that by his death he ended the warre which he vnfortunately made against those of Creta The liberalitie of Antonius father Iulia the mother of M. Antonius Antonius corrupted by Curio Antonius vsed in his pleading the Asiatik phrase Antonius bad charge of horsemen vnder Gabinius Proconsul going into Syria Antonius acts against Aristobulus Antonius tooke Aristobulus prisoner
Antonius acts in AEgypt vnder Gabinius Antonius curtesie vnto Archelaus being dead Antonius shape presence The house of the Antonij discended from Hercules Antonius liberalitie Antonius Tribune of the people and Augure Antonius acts for Caesar. Antonius flyeth from Rome vnto Caesar. Cicero reproued for lying Alexander Cyrus Caesar all contended to raigne Caesars ambition the onely cause of the ciuill warre Caesar gaue the charge of Italy vnto Antonius Antonius vices Antonius taketh sea with his army at Brundusium and goeth vnto Caesar. Antonius manthood in warres Antonius led the left wing of Caesars battell at Pharsalla where Pompey left the field The dignitie of the general of the horsemen Dissention betwixt Antonius and Dolabella Antonius abominable life Antonius laid vp his stomack before the whole assembly Antonius insolency Caesar Lepidus Consuls Antonius byeth Pompeys house Antonius maried Fuluia Clodius widowe Fuluia ruled Antonius at home and abroad Caesar Antonius Consuls Antonius vnwittingly gaue Caesars enemies occasion to conspire against him Antonius Lupercian putteth the diademe vpon Caesars head Brutus Cassius conspire Caesars death Consultation about the murther of Antonius with Caesar Antonius maketh vprore among the people for the murther of Caesar. Calpurnia Caesars wife Charonites why so called M. Antonius Consul Caius Antonius Praetor Lucius Antonius Tribune all three brethren Variance betwixt Antonius and Octauius Caesar heire vnto Iulius Caesar. Octauius Caesar ioyned to friendship with Cicero Antonius and Octauius became friends Antonius dreame Antonius iudged an enemy by the Senate Hircius and Pausa Consuls Antonius ouerthrowen in battell by the citie of Modena Antonius pacient in aduersitie Antonius hardnes in aduersitie notwithstanding his fine bringing vp Antonius won all Lepidus army from him Varius surnamed Cotylon The conspiracie and meeting of Caesar Antonius Lepidus The prescription of the Tr 〈…〉 Antonius cruelty vnto Cicero Lucius Caesars life saued by his sister Antonius riot in his Triumâ—â—-rate The praise of Pompey the great The valliantnes of Antonius against Brutus The death of Cassius Brutus slue him selfe Antonius gaue honorable buriall vnto Brutus Antonius great curtesie in Graece The plagues of Italie in riot Antonius crueltie in Asia Hybraeas wordes vnto Antonius touching their great payments of money vnto him Antonius simplicity Antonius maners Antonius louâ— to Cleopatra whom he sent for into Cilicia The wonderfull sumptuousnes of Cleopatra Queene of AEgypt going vnto Antonius Cydnus fl The sumptuous preparations of the suppers of Cleopatra and Antonius Cleopatraes beawtie An order set vp by Antonius Cleopatra The excessiue expences of Antonius and Cleopatra in AEgypt Eight wilde boares rosted whole Philotas a Phisition borne in Amphissa reporter of this feast Philotas Phisition to the younger Antonius Philotas subtil proposition Plato writeth of foure kinde of flatterie Cleopatra Queene of all flatterers Antonius fishing in AEgypt The warres of Lucius Antonius and Fulvia against Octauius Caesar The death of Fuluia Antonius wife All the Empire of Rome deuided betwene the Triamuri Octania the halfe sister of Octauius Caesar daughter of Anchavia which was not Caesars mother A law at Rome for marying of widowes Antonius maried Octauia Octauius Caesar halfe sister Antonius and Octauius Caesar doe make peace with Sexius Pompeius Sextus Pompeius taunt to Antonius Sexius Pompius being offered wonderfull great fortune for his honestie and faithes sake refused it Antonius told by a Soothsayer that his fortune was inferior vnto Octauius Caesar Antonius vnfortunate in sport and earnest against Octauius Caesar Orades king of Parthia Ventidius notable victorie of the Parthians The death of Pacorus the king of Parthians sonne Ventidius the only man of the Romanes that triumphed for the Parthians Canidius conquest Newe displeasures betwext Antonius and Octauius Caesar The wordes of Octauia vnto Macinas and Agrippa Octauia pacifieth the quarrell betwixt Antonius and her brother Octanius Caesar Plato calleth coÌ„cupiscence the lawes of the minde Antonius sent for Cleopatra into Syria Antonius gaue great provinces vnto Cleopatra Antigonius king of Iuvrie the first king beheaded by Antonius Antonius twinnes by Cleopatra their names Phraortes slue his father Orodes king of Persia. Antonius great puisant army Antonius dronke with the loue of Cleopatra Antonius besiegeth the city of Phraata in Media The ParthidÌ„s tooke Antonius engines of battery Battell betwext the Parthians Antonius The Romanes good order in their march Decimation a marshall punishment The craft of the Parthians against the Romanes Antonius returneth from the iorney of the Parthian The ParthiaÌ„ doe see vpon Antonius in his returne The bold act of Flauius Gallus Canidius fault Antonius Captaine Flauius Gallus slaine Antonius care of theâ— that were wounded The loue and reuerence of the souldiers vnto Antonius The rare and singular gifts of Antonius The king of Parthia neuer came to fight in the field Antonius charitable prayer to the gods for his army The Romanes â—estudo and couering against shot Great famine in Antonius army A deadly erbe incurable without wine The valliantnes of tenne thowsand Graecians whome Xenophon brought away after the ouerthrow of Cyrus The Parthians very suttell and craftie people Mithridates a Parthian bewrayeth vnto Antonius the conspiracie of his own contry men against him A salt riuer Antonius great liberalitie vnto Mithridates for the care he had of his saftie The tumult of Antonius soldiers through courteousnes Antonius desperat minde Hroxes ft. 18. seuerall battels fought with the Parthians The trechery of Artabazus king of Armenia vnto Antonius Antonius triumphed of Artabazus king of Armenia in AEgypt Antonius pined away looking for Cleopatra Cleopatra come to BlaÌ„cbourg vnto Antonius VVarres betwixt the Parthians and Medes Octauia Antonius wife came to Athens to meete with him The flickering enticements coments of Cleopatra vnto Antonius The occasion of ciuil warres betwixt Antonius and Caesar. The loue of Octauia to Antonius her husband and her wise and womanly behauior Antonius arrogantly onely deuideth diuers prouinces vnto his children by Cleopatra Caesarian the supposed soÌ„ne of Caesar by Cleopatra Alexander Ptolomy Antonius sonnes by Cleopatra Accusations betwixt Octauius Caesar Antonius Antonius came with eight hundred saile against Octauius Caesar Antonius carieth Cleopatra with him to the warres against Octauius Caesars kept great feasting at the I le of Samos together Antonius put his wife Octauia out of his house at Rome Octauius Caesar exacteth grieuous payments of the Romanes Titius and Plancus reuolt from Antonius and doe yeld to Caesar. A famous librarie in the citie of Pergamum Furnius an eloquent Orator among the Romanes Geminius sent from Rome to Antonius to bid him take heede to him selfe Many of Antonius friends doe forsake him Antonius Empire taken from him Signes and wonders before the ciuill wares betwixt Antonius and Oct. Caesar. Pesaro a citie in Italy sonck into the gretle by an earthquake An ill signe foreshoned by swallowes breding in Cleopatraeas shippe Antonius power against Oct. Caesar. Antonius had eyght kinge
deuise of Artaxerxes how to preuent the conspirators and to saue him selfe Tiribazus the traitor slaine Darius condemned to dye and executed King Artaxerxes sonne The death of king Artaxerxes Artaxerxes was 94 yeres olde at his death Dion Brutus both Platonians Plato de virtute How mens acts should be famous in the coÌ„mon wealth A wicked spirite appeared vnto Dion Brutus Dionysius maried Hermocrates daughter Dionysius wiues Doride of Locres Aristomaché of Syracvsa Hipparinus daughter and Dions sister Dion kindred with Dionysius Plato came out of Italie vnto Syracvsa Dion Platoes schollar Plato and Dionysius the elder talke together Dionysius malice vnto Plato Plato solde in the I le of AEgina Dions boldnes in speaking plainly to the tyran Gelon signifieth laughture Sophrosynè and Areté the daughters of Dionysius by Aristomaché Dion marieth his Nece Areté the daughter of Dionysius of his sister Aristomaché The death of Dionysius the elder Flattering Courtiers do intense Dionysius the younger to hate Dion The vices of Dionysius the younger Dions maners too graue and seuere Obstinacie follow and companion of solitarines Dionysius the elder a maruelous timerous suspitious man. Dionysius dreame Dion persuadeth the younger Dionysius to fall to study The assured gard of Princes is the loue of their subiects Plaâ—â— goâ—th into Sicilia to teach Dionysius the youngeâ— Philistus the Historiographer Philistus the Historiographer banished out of Sicilia by Dionysius the elder Democratia the gouernment of the people Dion allowed not popular state Aristocratia the gouernment of a few of the nobilitie Plato came into Sicilia vnto Dionysius the younger The chaunge of Dionysius vpon Platoes comming Philistus accusations against Dion Dions letters vnto Carthage Dion sent away by Dionysius into Italie Dions wealth Dionysius tyrannicall loâ—â— to Plato Dionysius sent Plato from home Dions life in Graece Dions vertues and honors done vnto him by the Graecians Archytas a Pythagorian Philosopher Dionysius sendeth againe for Plato to come into Sicilia Platoes third iorney into Sicilia Aristippus saying of Dionysius Helycon a Mathematician Aristippus diuination Architas requireth Plato of Dionysius Dionysius maried Dions wife to an other man. Polyxenus maried Thesta his father Dionysius sister The noble answere of Thesta vnto her brother Dionysius the elder Dion beginneth to make warre against Dionysius The Philosophers aduanced Dions warre Aristotles dialogue de anima Dions army Dions sumptuous fare in feasting The eclipse of the Moone and cause of the eclipse VVonders shewed vnto Dion VVonders appearing vnto Dionysius Dions preparation Pachynus the foreland of Sicilia A tempest on the sea against Dion Synalus Captaine of Minoa for the Carthaginians Dion wanne Minoa Dion goeth to Syracusa A straunge chaunce happened vnto the Messenger sent to Dionysius A woulfe caried away the Messengers portmanteau Anapus ti Dionysius picke thankes slayne Dion receiued into Syracusa Dion restoreth the Syracusans to libertie Dionysius clocke The predictions of the Soothsayers Dionysius seÌ„t Ambassadors vnto Dion Dion fighteth with Dionysius Dion hurt Dions victory of Dionysius Hipparinus Dions sonne Dionysius craft vnto Dion Heraclides what he was Heraclides returneth to Syracusa The Syracusans do choose Heraclides Admirall to spight Dion Heraclides a dissembler practising to make the people to rebell against Dion Sosis a wicked man moueth sedition against Dion Dion cleareth Sosis accusation against him Sosis condemned to death Philistus slain Timaus and Ephorus the Historiographers reproued Dionysius flyeth from Syracusa Apollocrates the eldest sonne of Dionysius the yonger Signes appearing to the Syracusans Dion departeth out of Syracusa The cowardlines of the Syracusans The Leontines doe receiue Dion The negligence and troubles of the Syracusans The Syracusans doe send for Dion againe Dions oration vnto his souldiers perswading them to ayde the Syracusans The inconstancy of the Syracusans Syracusa set a fire by Dionysius souldiers Dions fight in the citie of Syracusa Nypsius compelled by Dion to flie into the castell Dions mercy to his enemies the great profit he tooke by study in the Academy at Athens No maÌ„ should be worse by an others wickednes The frowardnes of the Syracusans against Dion Heraclides againe stirreth vp the Syracusans to rebell against Dion Gaesylus Lacedaemonian commeth to Syracusa to be generall of the Syracusans Gaesylus maketh Dion Heraclides friends again The castell of Syracusa surrendred vnto Dion The words of Aristomaché vnto Dion at his entry into the castell of Syracusa Dion taketh his wife Areta againe which had forcibly bene maried vnto another man. Dions temperance and thriftines Heraclides conspireth againe against Dion Dion sent to the Corinthians to stablish a common wealth to the Syracusans Dion ment to abolish Democratia and to aduaunce Aristocratia The authoritie of the people resembled by Plato to a fayer or market The common wealth of the Corinthians The murther of Heraclides Callippus Athenian conspireth against Dion Note the suttletie of tale bearers A spirite appeared vnto Dion The lamentable death of Dions sonne Apollocrates Dionysius sonne The great oth of the Syracusant Dion slaine by Callippus Athenian Dions wife brought to bed of a sonne in prison The punishment of Callippus * 〈…〉 in corrupt speech signifieth a knife to scrape or cut cheese which it truelier called 〈…〉 Iulius Pollux lib. 10 cap. 24. Callippus slaine with the same dagger that slue Dion The crueltie of the Syracusans vnto Dion and his posterity The pareÌ„tage of Brutus Brutus maners Seruilia M. Brutus mother Brutus parentage by his father Seruilia Catoes sister Brutus studies Brutus followed the olde Academyks Empylus an Orator wrote a booke of Caesars death and intituled it Brutus Brutus maner of wryting his Epistels in Graeke A briefe letter to the Samians Brutus followed Cato into Cyprus * Or Canidius Brutus taketh parte with Pompey Brutus exercise in Pompeys campe Brutus studied in Pompeis campe Iulius Caesar carefull of Brutus safary Iulius Caesar loued Seruilia Brutus mother Brutus saued by Iulius Caesar after the battell of Pharsalia * This king was Iuba howbeit it is true also that Brutus made intercession for Deiotarus king of Galatia who was depriued notwithstanding of the most parte of his contrie by Caesar and therefore this place were best to be vnderstanded by Deiotorus Caesar made Brutus Gouernor of Gaule on this side the mouÌ„taines Brutus and Cassius contend for the Praetorship of the citie Cassius maried Iunia Brutus sister The first cause of Cassius malice against Caesar. Caesar suspected Brutus Caesar saying of Brutus Cassius incenseth Brutus against Caesar. Cassius Lions at Megara Cassius an enemie of tyranâ— How Brutus was incensed against Caesar. Cassius praieth Brutus first to helpe him to put downe the tyran * In an other place they cal him Quintus Brutus maketh Ligarius one of the coÌ„spiracie They do hide the conspiracy against Caesar from Cicero Ciuill warre worse then tyrannicall gouernment The wonderfull faith and secrifie of the Conspirators of Casars death Porcia Catoes daughter wife vnto Brutus Bibulus booke
of Brutus actes Porcia studied in Philosophie The corage of Porcia Great difference betwext a wise and a harlot Porciaes words vnto her husband Brutus The wonderfull constancy of the conspirators in killing of Caesar. Sundrie misfortunes to haue broken of the enterprise The weakenes of Porcia notwithstanding her former corage Brutus with his countenaunce encoraged his fearefull consories * In Caesars life it is sayd it was Decius Brutus Albinus that kept Antonius with a talke without * In Caesars life he is called Metellus Cimber The mother of Caesar. Casca the first that wounded him VVhy Antonius was not slayne with Ceasar Brutus with his consorts went vnto the Capitoll Honors decreed for the murtherers of Caesar. Caesars will funeralls Brutus committed two great faults after Caesars death Antonius funerall oration for Caesar. The straunge dreame of Cinna the Poet The murder of Cinna the Poet being mistaken for an other of that name Brutus and his consorts doe flye from Rome Brutus playes and sportes at Rome in his absence Octauius Caesar comming to Rome Brutus reproued Cicero for taking part with Octauius Caesar. Porciaes sorowfull returne to Rome for the absence of her husband Brutus The story of Hector and Andromachè set forth in painted tables How Brutus bestowed his time at Athens Brutus commendeth Ciceroes sonne Brutus prepareth him selfe to warre A strange disease tooke Brutus at Dyrrachium VVho by snow this hungry disease taketh men that are wearied with trauaile Brutus thankfulnes and clemency C. Antonius yelded vnto Brutus Octauius Caesar ioyneth with Antonius Brutus senteÌ„sed and condemned by Octauius Caesars meanes for the death of Iulius Caesar. The Triumuirate C. Antonius murdered Brutus and Cassius doe ioyne armies together The sharpe and cruell condicions of Cassius Brutus gentle and â—aâ—er condicions Brutus intent good if he had ouercomen Antonius testimonie of Brutus Brutus to his mind to his contry Brutus a true Prophet of Antonius Cassius wanne the citie of Rhodes Brutus â—eâ—ts in Lycia The citie of Xanethus set a fire The desperat ende of the Xanthians The Palareâ—ans doe yeld them selues vnto Brutus The extreme couetousnes and crueltie of Cassius to the Rhodians Brutus clemeÌ„cy vnto the Lycians Theodotus borne in Chio a Rethoritian Scholemaister is Ptolomy the young king of AEgypt Theodotus saying a dead man biteth not Theodotus Chian the Rethoritian that gaue counsell to kill Pompeys was put to death by Brutus Brutus and Cassius doe meete at the citie of Sardis Brutus and Cassius complaints one vnto the other M. Phaonius a follower of Cato Cynick Philosophers cowÌ„red dogges Iulius Caesar slayne at the Ides of March. The wonderfull constency of Brutus in matters of iustice and equitie Brutus care and watching A spirit appeared vnto Brutus in the citie of Sardis Cassius opinion of spirits after the Epicurians sect The cause of dreames A wonderfull signe by two Eagles Brutus and Cassius camps before the citie of Philippes against Octauius Caesar Antonius Brutus souldiers brauely armed Brutus opinion for the brauery of souldiers in their armor and weapons Vnlucky signes vnto Cassius Cassius and Brutus opinions about battell Atellius opinion for the battell Cassius words vnto Messala the night before the battell Brutus and Cassius talke before the battell Brutus aunswer to Cassius The battell at Philippes against Octauius Caesar and Antonius Octavius Caesar falsely reported to be slaine at the battell of Philippes Cassius misfortune Cassius offended with the sundrie errous Brutus and his men committed in battell Cassius valliantnes in warres The importance of error mistaking in warres Cassius slaine by his man Pindarus The death of Titinnius The number of men slaine at the battell of Philippes Brutus clemeÌ„cy courtesie Brutus fault wisely excused by Plutarke Brutus victorie by sea VVonderfull famine amoÌ„g Caesars souldiers by sea The ignoraÌ„ce of Brutus victorie by sea was his vtter destruction The euill spirit appeared againe vnto Brutus Straunge fightes before Brutus second battell Brutus second battell Brutus valliantnes and great skill in warres The death of the valliant young man Cato the sonne of Marcus Cato The fidelitie of Lucilius vnto Brutus Brutus flying Appian meaneth this by Antonius The death of Statilius Brutus saying of flying with hands not with feete Brutus slue him selfe Strato Brutus familiar and frend Strato receiued into Caesars frendship Messala Coruinus Brutus frend Brutus funeralls Porcia Brutus wife killed her selfe with burning coles In what things Dion was inferior vnto Brutus Brutus hoâ—â—aved of his enemies after his death Brutus image or statue standing in brasse in Milleine was preserued and kept by Octauius Caesar The example of our auncesters wherein profitable to their posteritie The common weale of the Sicyonians commersed into tyrannie Abantidas â—â—ran of Sicyone Aratus the sonne of Clinias scaped the handes of the tyran Abantidas Aratus malice against tyrannes Aratus fauor Aratus wrote a booke of CoÌ„mentaries Abantidas the tyran slaine Aristotle the Logitian Aratus goeth about to deliuer his contry from the tyrannie * In an other place he calleth him Ecdemus Aristomachus and Ecdelus doe ioine with Aratus Aratus preparacioÌ„ to deliuer his contrie from tyrannie Aratus policy to deceiue Nicocles spialls Aratus daungers in deliuering of his contrie from the tyranny of Nicocles Aratus was the citie of Sicyone without bloodshed Nicocles the tyrant flyeth Aratus ioyneth the citie of Sicyone vnto the Achaians Aratus referred all things to the common wealth VVhy owles set best by night and not by day Management of Philosophy be likined unto owles Aratus taketh sea to go to king Ptolomy into AEgypt The pictures and paynted tables made in the citie of Sicyone did passe all the other paintings in Graece The excelleÌ„cy of Aristratus picture the tyran of Sicyone painted by all Melanthus scholers and Apelles help Aratus consultation for the defacing of it The saying of Nealces the paynter touching tyraÌ„ne The great liberalitie of Ptolomey vnto Aratus Aratus temperances Aratus doings in his first Praetorship Presche an Island of Peloponnesus Acto or inthus means Young king Philips saying of the castell of Corinth Antigunus wife and dauise Antigonus craftily taketh the castell of the Acrocorinthe Ouergreat as lay to a simple man maketh him mad Perceiue the Philisopher made captaine of the Acrocorinthe Aratus determination for the taking of the Acrocorinthe The error and daunger by likenes of men one vnto another Aratus great daunger in taking of the castell of the Acrocorinthe The happy benefit of the Moone Aratus taketh the Acrocorinthe Aratus ioyneth the city of Corinthe vnto Achaia Zenoes opinion that a man could not be a good Captaine vnles he were a perfit wise man. Persaus aunswer to Zenoes opinion Philopaemen the last famous man of the Graecians Aratus power and authority with the Achaians Aratus gaeth about to set Argos at libertie Aratus prepared litle short daggers against the tyrants decree ordinance Aristippus tyrant of the citie of Argos Aristippus layed man to kill Aratus No
suerer gard to a Prince then the loue of the subiects The miserable life of Aristippus the tyrant of Argos Aratus gouernment obtayned by vertue Chares fl Aratus gaue Aristippus the victorie Aratus straâ—agâ—â—â— to intrappe the tyrant Aristippus Aratus victory of the tyrant Aristippus Aristippus the tyrant slayne A philosophicall question whether trembling and chaunging of culler in daunger be a signe of cowardlines Lysiadas tyran of Megalipolis Lysiadas tyran of Megalipolis leaueth the tyrannie and yelded him selfe and his dominion vnto the Achaians Dissention betwixt Aratus and Lysiadas One of Isopes tales of the Cuckowes question to litle birdes Aratus noble counsell against the AEtolians Geraniamous Aratus setteth vpon his lascinious enemies A womaÌ„ with a Burganet of her head seemed a monstrous thing The signe of Diana with the Pallenians Aratus bringeth the AEtolians in league with the Achaians Aratus atteÌ„pteth to set Athens at libertie Aratus ouerthrowen by the Macedonians Aratus by perswasion deliuered Argos from tyrannie The loue and faith of the Achaians vnto Aratus Aratus ouerthrowen in battel by king Cleomenes hard by the mountaine Lycaeum Aratus tooke the citie of Mantinea The death of Lysiadas Aratus once againe ouerthrowen by king Cleomenes Aratus reproch A Gouernor of a common weale ought no more to forsake his contry in time of daunger then the maister of a shippe his shippe at storme and tempest The meanest man of Sparta was to be preferred before the greatest Prince of Macedon Esopes hunter Polybius Historiographer Philarchus the Historiographer not greatly to be credited Cleomenes winneth the citie of Megalipolis from the AchaiaÌ„s The spitefull letters that passed betwext Cleomenes and Aratus Aratus pâ—â—seth the rebells of Sicyone to death Aratus constancie in daunger Aratus sureletie when he fled out of Corinthe The citie of Corinth yeelded vp vnto Cleomenes Aratus in great daunger for his contrie King Cleomenes curtesie vnto Aratus The AchaiaÌ„s do send for king Antigonus Gouernors obey necessitie Antigonus honorable enterteinment to Aratus A woÌ„der shewed to Aratus Antigonus and Aratus sworne brethren The citie of Argos reuolted from Cleomenes Aristomachus drowned in the sea Aratus infamie for Aristomachus Mantinea called Antigonia by Aratus decree Aratus ouerthrowen in battell by the citie of Caphyes The AchaiaÌ„s sent for king Philip Antigonus sonne Aratus a wise counseller Enuy the coÌ„panion of vertue The beginning of displeasures betwext Aratus and Philip. The deepe dissimulacion and double dealing of king Philip. Aratus the sonnes wordes vnto Philip. The wise answere of Aratus vnto king Philip touching the safetie of a Prince Aratus the father forsooke Phillippe Philip of a curteous Prince became a cruell tyran Aratus poysoned by king Philippes meanes A kinges frendshippe daungerous The death of Aratus A law for buriall among the Sicyonians The Oracle for Aratus buriall Arativm Yearely sacrifices appointed to bones Aratus memorie The miserable death of Aratus the sonne Straunge kindes of poisoning King Philip punished for his wickednes Persaeus king Philippes sonne when Paulus AEmylius triumphed for in Rome Iphicrates saying what maner of man a Mercenarie souldier should be AEmylius saying of souldiers Platoes saying of an armie Demades saying of Alexanders armie after his death The Empire of Rome whereas likened Nymphidius Sabyne and Tigellinius betrayed Nero The hope of gifts destroies the Empire of Rome The wealth and nobility of Galba Galbaâ—s maners Galbaâ—s curtesie Iunius Vindex revelled against Nero In this place the Greeke is corruptly red pâ—â—bâ—â—â—s for peaâ—â—â—â—et Sulpitius Galba saluted by the souldiers an Emperour Galba iudged an enemie by the Senate of Rome and his goods sold by the â—rier Clodius Macer Gouernor of Africke Verginius Rufus Gouernor of Gaule Verginius Rufus called Emperour * Others read Clonia Colonia Citie of Spayne Nymphidius Sabine taketh vpon him to be Emperor Honors done to Nymphidius by the Senate made him grow no bold and insolent Neroes frieÌ„ds slayne at Rome by Nymphidius commaundemens The parentage of Nymphidius Verginius a famous Captaine The â—â—â—ditiâ—â—â— of Titus Iunius Nymphidius practises The oration of Antonius Honoratus Tribune of the souldiers vnto his mutinous souldiers Nymphidius aspireth to be Emperor Nymphidius Sabine slaine The crueltie of Galba Cornelius Tatanus calleth him Turpilianus Galba thired Rome with murder The vileueâ— of Galba Hesiodus saying Galba killeth Nereos seruaunts and officers The noble saying of the Emperour Galba Galba offended the souldiers Tumult amongest the souldiers and legione of the Romanes in Germany Othoes maners Poppea Othoes wife Otho sent Propraetor into Lusitania Othoes credit about Galba Othoes practise aspiring to the Emperor The legions in Germanie doe rebell against Galba The souldiers doe rebell against Galba Vitellius accepted the name of Germanicus but not of Caesar. Vitellius named Emperor by the souldiers Galba adopteth Piso his successor Euill signes appeared vnto Galba Ptoloâ—ers prediction of Othoes Empire Optio and Tesserarius why so called by the Romanes Otho bribed the Praetorian souldiers The presage of Ombricius the Soothsayer touching the treason practised against Galba Otho called Emperour Otho receiued of the Praetorian souldiers A shamefull lye of a souldiers Tamuls for Galba * Tachus doth call him Virgilio * Cornelius Tacitus doth call him Densus The velliansnes and sidelitie of Sempronius in discharge of his othe to the Emperour Galba The death of Sempronius The death of Galba his wordes at his death * Others doe read Marcus. The murther of Piso and T. Iunius The Senate sware by the name of Otho Citizens beades sold at Rome Othoes moderation at the beginning of his raigne Tigellinus killeth him selfe Otho at the beginning of his raigne tooke vpon him the name of Nero. Tumulâ— amongest the Praetorian souldiers The death of Crispinus Othoes liberalitie to the souldiers Vitellius rebellion Small difference betwext Otho and Vitellius maners of life VVonders seene at Rome The wonderfull ouerflowing of the riuer of Tiber. The srewâ—â—dnes of Otho and Vitellius souldiers PlaceÌ„tia the fertilest town of all Italie The praise of Othoes Captaines and dispraise of Vitellius Captaines Fabius Valens Cremona a goodly citie Paulinus Othoes Captaine accused for a coward Bebriacum a towne by Cremona Othoes consultacion of geuing battell Freshwater souldiers lamens their pleasaunt life at Rome fealing the paines and smart of a souldier Secundus the Orator secretarie vnto Otho the Emperour Vitellius a dronkard and glutton Otho a wanton and licentious liner The towne of Bresselles in hard by the riuer of Po. Battell bewixt the Othonians and Vitellians Legions called by prety names Denowrer Helper The valliantnes of the Battanâ—j in warres Note the â—riâ—â— seruice of Fensers and what souldiers they he The Othonians ouercomen in battell by the Vitellians The cowardlines of the fresh water souldiers Marius Celsus orationes Othoes souldiers perswading them to goe to Vatellius Othoes Captaines doe yeld them selues vnto Vitallius Me that fight a battell know not all thing that are done at the battell The great fidelitie of the souldiers vnto the Emperor
THE LIVES OF THE NOBLE GRECIANS AND ROMANES COMPARED together by that graue learned Philosopher and Historiographer Plutarke of Chaeronea Translated out of Greeke into French by IAMES AMYOT Abbot of Bellozane Bishop of Auxerre one of the Kings priuy counsel and great Amner of Fraunce and out of French into Englishe by Thomas North. Jn repentance remembrance ANCHORA SPEI Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautroullier and Iohn VVight 1579. TO THE MOST HIGH AND MIGHTY PRINCESSE ELIZABETH BY THE GRACE OF GOD OF ENGLAND Fraunce and Ireland Queene defender of the faith c. VNDER hope of your highnes gratious and accustomed fauor I haue presumed to present here vnto your Maiestie Plutarkes lyues translated as a booke fit to be protected by your highnes and meete to be set forth in Englishe For vvho is fitter to giue countenance to so many great states than such an highe and mightie Princesse vvho is fitter to reuiue the dead memorie of their fame than she that beareth the liuely image of their vertues vvho is fitter to authorize a vvorke of so great learning and vvisedome than she vvhome all do honor as the Muse of the vvorld Therefore I humbly beseech your Maiestie to suffer the simplenes of my translation to be couered vnder the amplenes of your highnes protection For most gracious Souereigne though this booke be no booke for your Maiesties selfe vvho are meeter to be the chiefe storie than a student therein and can better vnderstand it in Greeke than any man can make it Englishe yet I hope the common sorte of your subiects shall not onely profit them selues hereby but also be animated to the better seruice of your Maiestie For amonge all the profane bookes that are in reputacion at this day there is none your highnes best knovves that teacheth so much honor loue obedience reuerence zeale and deuocion to Princes as these liues of Plutarke doe Hovve many examples shall your subiects reade here of seuerall persons and vvhole armyes of noble and base of younge and olde that both by sea lande at home and abroad haue strayned their vvits not regarded their states ventured their persons cast avvay their liues not onely for the honor and safetie but also for the pleasure of their Princes Then vvell may the Readers thinke if they haue done this for heathen Kings vvhat should vve doe for Christian Princes If they haue done this for glorye vvhat should vve doe for religion If they haue done this vvithout hope of heauen vvhat should vve doe that looke for immortalitie And so adding the encouragement of these exsamples to the forvvardnes of their ovvne dispositions vvhat seruice is there in vvarre vvhat honor in peace vvhich they vvill not be ready to doe for their vvorthy Queene And therefore that your highnes may giue grace to the booke and the booke may doe his service to your Maiestie I haue translated it out of French and doe here most humbly present the same vnto your highnes beseeching your Maiestie vvith all humilitie not to reiect the good meaning but to pardon the errours of your most humble and obedient subiect and seruaunt vvho prayeth God long to multiplye all graces and blessings vpon your Maiestie VVritten the sixteene day of Ianuary 1579. Your Maiesties most humble and obedient seruaunt Thomas North. To the Reader THE profit of stories and the prayse of the Author are sufficiently declared by Amiot in his Epistle to the Reader So that I shall not neede to make many wordes thereof And in deede if you will supply the defects of this translation with your owne diligence and good vnderstanding you shall not neede to trust him you may proue your selues that there is no prophane studye better then Plutarke All other learning is priuate fitter for Vniuersities then cities fuller of contemplacion than experience more commēdable in the students themselues than profitable vnto others Whereas stories are fit for euery place reache to all persons serue for all tymes teache the liuing reuine the dead so farre excelling all other bookes as it is better to see learning in noble mens liues than to reade it in Philosophers writings Nowe for the Author I will not denye but loue may deceiue me for I must needes loue him with whome I haue taken so much payne but I beleue I might be bold to affirme that he hath written the profitablest story of all Authors For all otherwere sayne to take their matter as the fortune of the contries whereof they wrote fell out But this man being excellent in wit learning and experience hath chosen the speciall actes of the best persons of the famosest nations of the world But I will leaue the judgement to your selues My onely purpose is to desire you to excuse the faults of my translation with your owne gentlenes and with the opinion of my diligence and good entent And so I wishe you all the profit of the booke Fare ye well The foure and twenty day of Ianuary 1579. Thomas North. Amiot to the Readers THe reading of bookes vvhich bring but a vaine and vnprofitable pleasure to the Reader is iustly misliked of vvise and grauemen Againe the reading of such as doe but onely bring profit and make the Reader to be in loue therevvith and doe not ease the payne of the reading by some pleasauntnes in the same doe seeme somevvhat harshe to diuers delicate vvits that can not tary long vpon them But such bookes as yeeld pleasure and profit and doe both delight and teache haue all that a man can desire vvhy they should be vniuersally liked and allovved of all sortes of men according to the common saying of the Poet Horace That he which matcheth profit with delight Doth winne the price in euery poynt aright Eyther of these yeeld his effect the better be reason the one runneth vvith the other profiting the more bicause of the delight and deliting the more bicause of the profit This commendation in my opinion is most proper to the reading of stories to haue pleasure and profit matched together vvhich kind of delight and teaching meeting in this vvise arme in arme hath more allovvance then any other kind of vvriting or inuention of man In respect vvhereof it may be reasonably auovved that men are more beholding to such good vvits as by their graue and vvise vvriting haue deserued the name of Historiographers then they are to any other kind of vvriters bicause an historie is an orderly register of notable things said done or happened in time past to mainteyne the continuall remembrance of them and to serue for the instruction of them to come And like as memorie is as a storehouse of mens conceits and deuises vvithout the vvhich the actions of the other tvvo parts should be vnperfect and vvelneare vnprofitable So may it also be sayd that an historie is the very treasury of mans life vvhereby the notable doings and sayings of men and the vvonderfull aduentures straunge cases vvhich the long
continuance of time bringeth forth are preserued from the death of forgetfulnes Hereuppon it riseth that Plato the vvise sayth that the name of historie vvas giuen to this recording of matters to stay the fleting of our memorie vvhich othervvise vvould be soone lost and retaine litle And vve may vvell perceiue hovv greatly vve be beholding vnto it if vve doe no more but consider in hovv horrible darkenes and in hovv beastly and pestilent a quamyre of ignorance vve should be plunged if the remembrance of all the thinges that haue bene done and haue happened before vve vvere borne vvere vtterly drovvned and forgotten Novv therefore I vvill ouerpasse the excellencie and vvorthines of the thing it selfe forasmuch as it is not onely of more antiquitie then any other kind of vvriting that euer vvas in the vvorlde but also vvas vsed among men before there vvas any vse of letters at all bicause that men in those daies deliuered in their lifetimes the remembrance of things past to their successors in songes vvhich they caused their children to learne by hart from hand to hand as is to be seene yet in our dayes by thexample of the barbarous people that inhabite the nevvfound landes in the VVest vvho vvithout any records of vvritings haue had the knovvledge of thinges past vvelneare eight hundred yeares afore Likevvise I leaue to discourse that it is the surest safest and durablest monument that men can leaue of their doings in this vvorld to consecrate their names to immortality For there is nether picture nor image of marble nor arche of triumph nor piller nor sumptuous sepulchre that can match the durablenes of aneloquēt history furnished vvith the properties vvhich it ought to haue Again I mind not to stand much vpon this that it hath a certaine troth in it in that it alvvayes professeth to speake truth for that the proper groūd therof is to treate of the greatest highest things that are done in the vvorld insomuch that to my seeming the great profit thereof is as Horace sayth that it is commonly called the mother of trothe vprightnes vvhich commendeth it so greatly as it nedeth not elsvvhere to seeke any authoritye or ornament of dignitie but of her very selfe For it is a certaine rule and instruction vvhich by examples past teacheth vs to iudge of things present to foresee things to come so as vve may knovve vvhat to like of vvhat to follovv vvhat to mislike and vvhat to eschevv It is a picture vvhich as it vvere in a table setteth before our eyes the things vvorthy of remembrance that haue bene done in olde time by mighty nations noble kings Princes vvise gouernors valliant Capteines persons renovvmed for some notable quality representing vnto vs the maners of stran̄ge nations tha lavves customes of old time the particular affaires of men their consultations enterprises the meanes that they haue vsed to compasse thē vvithall their demeaning of them selues vvhen they vvere comen to the highest or throvven dovvne to the lovvest degree of state So as it is not possible for any case to rise either in peace or vvarre in publike or priuate affaires but that the person vvhich shall haue diligently red vvell conceiued throughly remembred histories shall find matter in them vvhereat to take light counsell vvherby to resolue himselfe to take a part or to geue aduice vnto others hovv to choose in doutfull daungerous cases that vvhich may be for their most proffit and in time to find out to vvhat poynt the matter vvill come if it be vvell handled and hovv to moderate him selfe in prosperitie and hovv to cheere vp and beare him selfe in aduersitie These things it doth vvith much greater grace efficacy and speede than the bookes of morall Philosophie doe forasmuch as examples are of more force to moue and instruct than are the arguments and proofes of reason or their precise precepts bicause examples be the very formes of our deedes accompanied vvith all circumstances VVhereas reasons and demonstrations are generall and tend to the proofe of things and to the beating of them into vnderstanding and examples tende to the shovving of them in practise and execution bicause they doe not only declare vvhat is to be done but also vvorke a desire to do it as vvell in respect of a certaine naturall inclination vvhich all men haue to follovv examples as also for the beavvtie of vertue vvhich is of such povver that vvheresoeuer she is seene she maketh her selfe to be loued and liked Againe it doth things vvith greater vveight and grauitie than the inuentions deuices of the Poets bicause it helpeth not it selfe vvith any other thing than vvith the plaine truth vvher as Poetry doth commonly inrich things by commending them aboue the starres and their deseruing bicause the chiefe intent thereof is to delight Moreover it doth thinges vvith more grace and modestie than the ciuill lavves and ordinances doe bicause it is more grace for a man to teach and instruct than to chastise or punish And yet for all this an historie also hath his maner of punishing the vvicked by the reproch of euerlasting infamie vvherevvith it defaceth their remembrance vvhich is a great meane to vvithdravv them from vice vvho othervvise vvould be levvdly and vvickedly disposed Likevvise on the contrarie parte the immortall praise and glorie vvherevvith it revvardeth vvelldoers is a very liuely sharpe spurre for men of noble corage and gentlemanlike nature to cause them to aduenture vpon all maner of noble and great things For bookes are full of examples of men of high corage and vvisedom vvho for desire to continue the remembraunce of their name by the sure and certaine recorde of histories haue vvillingly yeelded their liues to the seruice of the common vveale spent their goods susteined infinite peines both of bodie and minde in defence of the oppressed in making common buildings in stablishing of lavves and gouernments and in the finding out of artes and sciences necessarie for the maintenance and ornament of mans life for the faithfull registring vvhereof the thanke is due to histories And although true vertue seeke no revvard of her commendable doings like a hireling but contenteth her selfe vvith the conscience of her vvell doing yet notvvithstanding I am of opinion that it is good and meete to dravv men by all meanes to good doing and good men ought not to be forbidden to hope for the honor of their vertuous deedes seeing that honor doth naturally accompanie vertue as the shadovv doth the bodie For vve commonly see not to feele the sparkes of desire of honor is an infallible signe of a base vile and cloynish nature and that such as account it an vnnecessarie needelesse or vnseemely thing to be praised are likevvise no doers of any things vvorthy of praise but are commonly men of faint corage vvhose thoughtes extend no further than to their liues vvhereof also they haue no further remembranuce than is before