vnto the gods Darius army of tenne hundred thowsand fighting men against Alexander at the riuer of Euphrates The magnanimity of Alexander Alexanders third battell with Darius The armor of Alexander An Eagle flewouer Alexanders head when he went so fight with Darius The flying of Darius Alexanders third victory of Darius and liberalithe of all men * The strength and power of Nepina in the contry of Ecbatania VVhat Medaes enchantment was * In this place there lacke certaine lynes in the Greeks originall No lâ—â—e in the countrie of Babylon Tresure found by Alexander at the citie of Susa. * Is seemeth that he meaneth of silke dyed in purple whereof the best that was in Europe was made in the citie of Hermiona in Laconia Alexanders iorney into Persia. Alexander found a maruelous measure in Persia The insoleus boldnes of Thais the herles Persopolls set a fire by Alexander Alexanders prodigalitie reproued by his mother Olympias Alexander reproueth the finenes and curiositie of his frendes Alexander enemy to idlenes Alexanders care of his frendes and wonderfull curtesie towards them Alexander keps one eare for the condeÌ„med person Alexander would not pardon ill wordes spoken of him Alexanders painefull iorney in following of Darius The loue of Alexander to his souldiers and abstinence Alexander regarded not the spoyle of gold siluer in respect of pursuing his flying enemy The death of Darius The punishment and execution of Bessus The sea Hyrcanium or Caspium Alexander goeth after the maner of the Persians Some faultes are to be borne with in a man of great vertues Orexartes fl Alexander with one word of his mouth brought the Macedonians to obedience Alexander maried Roxane a Persian Quarrell betwext Hephaestion and Craterus VVhy Philotas was suspected and enuied of Alexander Limnus traizerously seeketh to kill Alexander Philotas and his father Partmenio put to death Antipater was affrayed of Alexander VVVhy Alexander slue Clitus Alexanders dreame of Clitus The malapertnes of Clitus against Alexander Alexander slue Clitus grieuously repented him Callisthenes and Anaxarchus do comfort Alexander The cause why Callisthenes was envyed Aristotle thought Callisthenes eloquent but not wise Callisthenes suspected of treasoÌ„ against Alexander Alexander offended with Aristotle The death of Callisthenes the rethoritian The iourney of Demaratus CorinthiaÌ„ vnto Alexander and his death Alexanders iourney into India Alexander burnt his cariages The crueltie of Alexander towardes his men A monsterous lamme appeared vnto Alexander A spring of oyle found by the riuer of Oxus Oyle refresheth wearynes The citie of Nisa Acuphis wise aunswer vnto Alexander King Taxiles talke with Alexander Alexanders aunswer to Taxiles Alexander dishonorably brake the peace he had made Alexanders actes against king Porus. Hydaspes fl The statute of king Porus. The quick-wit and catâ— of the ElephaÌ„t to saue the king his master Alexanders conquests in the Indiaes The death of Bucephal Alexanders horse Bucephalia a great citie built by Alexander apon the riuer of Hydaspes why so named Peritas Alexanders dogge Ganges fl Gangaridae and Prosij people of India Alexanders returne out of India Alexanders vaine deuises to make him selfe immortall King Androcottus Alexander in daunger at the citie of the Mallians The wise men of India Alexanders questions propounded to the ten Philosophers of India Alexander rewarded the ten wise men and did let them goe Onesicritus a Philosopher Calanus other wise called Sphines Dandamis Calanus a wise man of India The 〈…〉 of a kingdom shewed by a peece of leather Psitulcis an Iland Alexanders nauie in the sea Oceanum Alexanders armie going in to India Sheepe fed with fishe The contry of Gedrosia The contry of Carmania The riot of Alexanders souldiers The citie of Thapsacus The prouinces conquered by Alexanders rebelled against him The death of Polymachus Pelleian Calanus the Indian did sacrifice him selfe aliue Alexander made men drinke to wyn a game and price The Macedonians maried vnto the Persians The wonderfull giftes of Alexander Alexander payed the soldiers dets Antigenes with one eye a valiant Captaine banished the court for making a lye Thirty thowsand boyes of the Persians taught the discipline of wars by Alexanders commauÌ„dement The clemencie and liberalitie of Alexander vnto his soldiers The death of Hephaestion Alexanders sorow for the death of Hephaestion Stasicrates an excellent image maker Diuers signes before Alexanders death Alexander feared Antipater Alexander fell sicke of an agew Arsitobulus report of the sicknes and death of Alexander The death of Alexander the great Aristotle suspected for the poysoning of Alexander Statira slaine by Roxane Aridaeus Alexanders bastard brother Caesar ioyned with Cinna Marius Caesar tooke sea and went vnto Nicomedes king of Bithynia Caesar taken of pirate Iunius Praetor of Asia Caesar eloquence Caesar loued hospitalitie Caesar a follower of the poeple Ciceroes iudgement of Caesar. The loue of the people in Rome was Caesar. Caesar chosen Tribunus militum Caesar made the funerall oration at the death of his aunt Iulia. Caesar the first that praised his wife in funerall oration Caesar made Questor Pompeia Caesars third wife Caesars prodigality Caesar accused to make a rebellion in the state The death of Metellus chiefe Bishop of Rome Caesar made chiefe Bishop of Rome Caesar suspected to be coÌ„federate with Catiline in his conspiracy Caesar went about to deliuer the conspirators Catoes oration against Caesar. The loue of P. Clodius vnto Pompeia Caesars wife The good goddesse what she was and her sacrifices Clodius taken in the sacrifices of the good goddesse Clodius accused for prophaning the sacrifices of the good goddesse Caesar putteth away his wife Pompeia Clodius quit by the Iudges for prophaning the sacrifices of the good goddesse Caesar Praetor of Spaine Crassus surety for Caesar to his creditors Caesars actes in Spayne Caesar order betwext the creditor and detter Caesar souldiers called him Imperator Caesar reconÌ„cileth Pompey and Crassus together Catoes foresight and prophecy Caesars first Consulship with Calphurnius Bibulus Caesars lawes Lex agraria Caesar maried his daughter Iulia vnto Pompey Caesar maried Calphurnia the daughter of Piso. Pompey by force of armes authorised Caesars lawes Caesar sent Cato to prison Caesar by Clodius draue Cicero out of Italy Caesar a valliant souldier and a skillfull Captaine Caesars conquestes in Gaule The loue and respect of Caesars souldiers vnto him The wonderfull valliantnes of Acilius Cassius Scaua diuers others of Caesars souldiers Granius Petronius Caesar had the falling sickenes The temperance of Caesar in his dyet Caesar ciuilitie not to blame his frend The Tigurinians slaine by Labienus Arax fl Caesar refused his horse wheÌ„ he sought a battell The Heluetians slaine by Caesar. Rheynus fl Caesar made warre with king Ariouistus The wise women of Germany how they did foretell thinges to come King Ariouistus ouerthrowen by Caesar. The Belgae ouercome by Caesar. Neruij the slowtest warriers of all the Belgae The Neruij slaine by Caesar The great Lordes of Rome come to Luca to Caesar Ipes
Otho The wonderfull corage of a souldier of Othoes The noble corage of Otho before his death â—â— his oracion to the souldiers The Emperor Othoes words to his Nephew Cocceius Otho in his death seemed to follow Case Vaican Otho slue him selfe The funeralle of Otho the Emperour The Emperor Othoes tombe in the citie of Bresselles Othoes age and raigne The parteÌ„lage of Annibal The sharpe wit and disposition of Annibal Annibal chosen Lieuetenant generall after the death of Hasdrubalâ— being but 26. yeare olde Diuers causes of Annibals mortall hate to the Romanes The Barcinian faction Iberus fl The conspiracie of the Spanyards against Annibal Tagus fl Annibal stra tageame The Iberians yeeld them selues vnto Annibal Annibal layeth seege to the citie of Saguntus Two contrary factions in the Senate of Carthage the Barcinians Hannians Hamilcar Barcha Hanno a graue counseller and gouernor in peace A happy thing to follow good couÌ„sell VVise counsell for gouernors to preuent things at the beginning Annibal wan the citie of Saguntus P. Cornelius and T. Sempronius Consuls marg VVarres proclaymed by the Romanes with the Carthaginians The greatnes of the dominion of Africke * This place is false Annibal determineth to inuade Italy Annibale dreame at the riuer of Iberus The head course of the riuer of Rhone Arar fl The Volcin people that inhabited about the riuer of Rhone P. Cornelius Scipio Consule sent against Annibal and arrived at Massilia The Boians InsubriaÌ„s reuolt from the Romanes take parte with Annibal Lagdunum built by PlaÌ„cus Munatius Druentiâ— fl Annibal made waies through the rockes of the mountaines by force of fire and vineger The valley of Taurinus Annibals comming into Italie by Piedmont not farre from Turine Anniballs army in Italie Annibals first conflict with the Romanes and victorie P. C. Scipio Consul hâ—râ— and sâ—â—ed from â—â—â— enemies by his sonne who was afterwards called African Paedâ—s fl P. Cornelius Scipio and T. Sempronius Longuâ— Consulls against Annibal Trebia fl Ambush laied by Annibal to entrappe Sempronius Annibal fought with Sempronius the Consul aâ— the riuer of Trebia The Numidians craft iâ—â— flying Annibals victorie of the Consul Sempronius Arnus fl Annibal lost one of his eyes in the marishes by the riuer of Arnus C. Flaminius Cn. Seruilius Consuls Montes Cortonenses Lacus Thrasimenus The iudgement of a souldier Battell betwext Annibal and C. Flaminius the Consul by the lake of Thrasymene The Romanes were so earnest in fight that they heard not the noise of an earthquake C. Flaminius the Consul slaine * Plutarke in the life of Fabius Maximus addeth to as many prisoners Annibals craftines to dissemble vertue The naturall disposition of Annibal Extreame ioy causeth sodaine death The office of Dictator of what effect Q. Fabius Maximus created Dictator Hastines of Captaines oftentimes very hurtfull The guide cruelly put to death by Annibal Annibals stratageame in the mountaines of Gallicmum and Casilinium against Q. Fabius Dictator Certaine bathes at Swessa called the tower of the bathes Gleremen a citie in Apulia Two Dictators together neuer heard of before L. Paulus AEmylius and C. Terentius Varro Consuls Ansidusfl Battell at Cannes A stratageame of Annibal * Pluturke in the life of Fabius sayth that there were fiftie thousand slaine and foureteene thowsande taken prisoners Paulus AEmylius Consul slaine as the battell of Cannes Great slaughter at the battell of Cannes The constancy of the Romanes in extreamities The Romanes left three great battells to Annibal at Ticinum Trebia and Thrasimens Maharbal generall of Annibals horsemen Maharbals saying to Annibal Conspiracy against Annibal at Capva Marcellus victorie of Annibal at the citie of Nola. Annibals souldiers marred with ease at Capua Pleasure the baite of all euills One wintere ease spoiled a souldier and made him a coward The hard shife of the Cassilinians to liue during Annibals siege Annibals good seruant began to faile him Three famous Captaines of the Romanes Fabius Maximus Sempronius Gracchus Marcus Marcellus * Plutarke in the life of Marcellus speaketh of fiue thowsand CarthaginiaÌ„s slaine and only of fiue hundred Romanes The victories of the Romanes against Annibal Two factions in Naples The citie of Tarentum deliuered vnto Annibal by treason Tarentum wonne by Annibal Annibals stratageame Vulturnus fl Sulpicius Galba Cornelius Centimalous Consuls Anienes fl Annibal commethe to inuade Rome A wonder Salapia a city where Annibal fell in loue The death of Fuluius Viceconsul Diuers conflicts of the Romanes with Annibal Annibals wordes of Marcellus Marcellus Crispinus Consuls Annibal Layeth ambushe for the Romanes The death of Marcellus The power of magnanimitie Marcus Liuius and C. Nero Consuls Sena a citie of Apulia Metaurum fl M. Leuius C. Nero Consuls ouercame Hasdrubal slue 56000. of his men The chaunge and alteration of the Carthaginians good fortune The praise of Annibals great wisedomes in that gouernment of his army P. C. Scipio inuaded Carthage The last battell Annibal fought in ledily with Sempronius in the which he ouercame Annibal Annibals arche of trietumphe Annibal departeth out of Italy Annibal sent for to returne into Africk after he had warred 16. yeares in Italy Annibal and Scipioes meeting talke Scipioes victory of the Carthaginians at the battell of Zama The flying of Annibal Annibal could not abide to heare fooles talke of warre Annibal in his misery fled vnto king Antiochus into Asia Enuy the coÌ„mon plague and poyson of Princes Courtes Scipio African met with Annibal at Ephesus Annibals iudgement of the most famous Captaines Annibal cost selleth king Antiochus to make warre with the Romanes King Antiochus iudgement of Annibal Annibal made generall of Antiochus army by sea together with Apollonius Annibal fled to Prusias king of Bithynia Annibal king Prusias generall by sea against Eumenes king of Pergamum A straunge deuise of snakes put in earthen pots and throwen into the enemies shippes Titus Quintius Flaminius sent Ambassador into Asia Annibal poysoned him selfe being 70. yeare old Annibals tombe by Libyssa The praise of Annibal The pareÌ„tage of Scipio The first souldiers are of P. Cor. Scipio being but seuenteene yeare olde P. Scipio rescued his father from being taken of the enemies Honors done to Scipio being but a young man. Scipio Viceconsul at 24. yeares of age Scipioes great mind and goodly personage Scipioes iorney into Spayne The valiantnes of Lucius Martius a Romane knight Scipio beseegeth new Carthage in Spayne Scipio wanne citie of new Carthage by assault The great chastitie of Scipio Mago Hasdrubal Barcinian Hasdrubal Gisgo the three famous Captaines of the CarthaginiaÌ„s Besula fl Scipioes liberaltie to his enemies Vertues meete for a General Scipio called king by the Spanyards Hasdrubal sent into Italie to his brother Annibal with an army Hanno the chiefe of the contrarie faction vnto Hasdrubal Barcinian ouercomen in battell and takeÌ„ prisoner Masinissa offereth his frendshippe vnto the Romanes Syphax king of the Masasylians Hasdrubals iudgement of Scipio Syphax king of the MasaesyliaÌ„s maketh league with the Romanes The vnfortunate fight of two cousin germanes The rebellion of the Romaneâ— souldiers against their Captaines in Scipioes sicknes Mandonius Indibilis two kinges is of Spayne Scipioes wisedome suppressing his anger Scipioes great wisedome in punishing the offendors Scipioes care of his countriemen Scipio did put the authors of the rebellion to death A noble thing to ouercome the enemie by clemencie Masinissa cometh vnto Scipio A Princely Maiestie in Scipioes personage The antiquitie of those of Gades Scipioes noble deedes Scipioes returne out of Spayne to Rome Scipio made Consul Scipio prepared his armie and nauy by sea in 45. dayes Scipio policie in Sicilia P.C. Scipio accused Q. Fabius Maximus a great auersary vnto Scipio Scipioes nature King Syphax reuolteth froÌ„ the Romanes The ready faithfull good will of Masinissa to the Romanes Hanno ouercomen and slaine Sophonisba king Syphax wife Scipioes craft A maruelous great slaughter of the CarthaginiaÌ„s Syphax king of the Masaesylians ouercome takeÌ„ in battell Masinissa wan the city of Cyrtha where he fell in loue with Sophonisba king Syphax wife The great rare coÌ„tinency of Scipio Sophonisba poysoned her selfe through Masinissaes procurements Annibal sent for into Italy to runno into Afrike Battell at Zama and Scipiues victorie of the Carthaginians The praise of Annibal Fiue hundred shippes of the CarthaginiaÌ„s burnt by Scipio Scipio returne to Rome Scipioes triumphe at Rome for the Carthaginians Scipio and AElius Petus chosen Censors Scipio Prince of the Senate Scipio and Sempronius Longus chosen Consuls The craftie counsell of Scipio The naturall loue of Scipio African to his brother L. Scipio The fidelitie and loue of P. Scipio to his contrie Antiochus being ouercome acceptesh condicions of peace Great kingdomes and wealth are ful of troubles L. Scipio surnamed Asian for his coÌ„quest of Asia T. Q. Flaninius M. C. Marcellus Censors The time of the florishing of the Corneli The inconstaÌ„cy of these worldly things Great men most enuied The last fortunate day of the Africans good fortune The voluntary banishmeÌ„t of P. Scipio from Rome T. Gracchus Tribune diuers opinions about the accusasion of the Africans The Africans wife children Diuers opinions touching the death of P. Scipio Statues of the two Scipioes and Ennius the Poet by the gate Capena at Rome Scipio African dyed at Linternvm The Epitaphe of Scipio African Scipio African 54. yeare old at the time of his death The power of vertue Phormio Peripatetician reading Philosophie in Ephasus Annibals witty aunswer vnto the king Antiochus Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautrollier dvvelling in the Blacke Friers by Ludgate
was burnt by the MEDES and at ROME also in the time of the warres that the ROMAINES had against king Mithridates and in the time of the ciuill warres when altar fire and all were burnt and consumed together they saye that it must not be lighted againe with other common fire but must be made a newe with drawing cleane and pure flame from the beames of the sunne and that they doe in this manner They haue a hollowe vessell made of a pece of a triangle hauing a corner right and two sides a like so that from all partes of his compasse and circumference it falleth into one pointe Then they set this vessell right against the beames of the sunne so that the bright sunne beames come to assemble and gather together in the center of this vessell where they doe pearce the ayer so strongely that they set it a fire when they put to it any drye matter of substaunce the fire taketh it straight bicause the beame of the sunne by meanes of the reuerberation putteth that drye matter into fire and forceth it to flame Some thincke that these Vestall virgines keepe no other thing but this fire which neuer goeth out Other saye there are other holy thinges also which no bodie maye lawfully see but they whereof we haue written more largely in the life of Camillus at the least so much as maye be learned and tolde The first maydens which were vowed and put into this order of religion by Numa were as they saye Gegania and Verenia and after them Canuleia and Tarpeia Afterwardes king Seruius increased the number with two other and that number of foure continueth vntill this daye Their rule and order set downe by king Numa was this that they should vowe chastitie for the space of thirtie yeres In the first tenne yeres they learne what they haue to doe the next tenne yeres following they doe that which they haue learned the last tenne yeres they teache young nouices After they haue passed their thirtie yeres they maye lawfully marie if they be disposed and take them to another manner of life and leaue their religion But as it is reported there haue bene very fewe of them which haue taken this libertie and fewer also which haue ioyed after they were professed but rather haue repented them selues and liued euer after a very grieuous and sorowfull life This did so fraye the other Vestalls that they were better contented with their vowed chastitie and so remained virgines vntill they were olde or els died He gaue them also great priuiledges and prerogatives As to make their will and testament in their fathers life time To doe all things without any gardian or ouerseer as women which haue three children at a birth When they goe abroade they carie maces before them to honour them And if by chaunce they meete any offendour in their waye going to execution they saue his life howbeit the professed Vestall must affirme by othe that she met him vnwares not of set purpose If any man presume vnder their chayer whereupō they are caried through the cittie he shall die for it Also what they them selues doe any faulte they are corrected by the great byshoppe who somtimes doth whippe them naked according to the nature and qualitie of their offence in a darcke place vnder a curtē But she that hath deflowred her virginity is buried quicke by one of the gates of the cittie which they call Collina gate where within the cittie there is a mount of earth of a good length with the LATINES is sayed to be raised Vnder this forced mount they make a litle hollowe vawte and leaue a hole open whereby one maye goe downe and with in it there is set a litle bed a burning lampe and some vitells to susteine life withall As a litle bread a litle water a litle milke and a litle oyle and that for honours sake to the ende they would not be thought to famishe a bodie to deathe which had bene consecrated by the most holy and deuoute ceremonies of the worlde This done they take the offender and put her into a litter which they couer strongely and close it vp with thicke leather in suche sorte that no bodie canne so much as heare her voyce so they carie her thus shut vp through the market place Euery one draweth backe when they see this litter a farre of and doe geue it place to passe by then follow it mourningly with heauy lookes speake neuer a word They doe nothing in the citie more fearefull to behold then this neither is there any daye wherein the people are more sorowful then on such a daye Then after she is come to the place of this vawte the sergeants straight vnlose these fast bounde couerings and the chiefe byshoppe after he hath made certen secret prayers vnto the godds and lift his handes vp to heauen taketh out of the litter the condemned Vestall muffled vp close and so putteth her vpon the ladder which conueyeth her downe into the vawte That done he withdraweth and all the priestes with him and when the seely offendour is gone downe they straight plucke vp the ladder cast aboundaunce of earthe in at the open hole so that they fill it vp to the very toppe of the arche And this is the punishment of the Vestalls which defile their virginitie They thincke also it was Numa that buylt the round temple of the goddesse Vesta in which is kept the euerlasting fire meaning to represent not the forme of the earth which they saye is Vesta but the figure of the whole world in the middest whereof according to the Pythagorians opinion remaineth the proper seate and abiding place of fire which they call Vesta and name it the vnitie For they are of opinion neither that the earth is vnmoueable not yet that it is set in the middest of the world neither that the heauen goeth about it but saye to the contrarie that the earth hanged in the ayer about the fire as about the center there of Neither will they graunte that the earth is one of the first and chiefest partes of the world as Plato helde opinion in that age that the earthe was in another place then in the very middest and that the center of the world as the most honorablest place did apperteine to some other of more worthy substaunce than the earthe Furthermore the byshoppes office was to show those that needed to be taught all the rites manners and customes of buriall whom Numa taught not to beleeue that there was any corruption or dishonesty in burialles but rather it was to worshippe honour the godds of the earthe with vsuall and honorable ceremonies as those which after their death receyue the chiefest seruice of vs that they canne But aboue all other in burialles they did specially honour the goddesse called Libitina that is sayed the chiefe gouernour and preseruer of the rites
lawes were come abroade proclaimed there came some daylie vnto him which either praised them or misliked them prayed him either to take awaye or to adde some thing vnto them Many againe came asked him howe he vnderstoode some sentēce of his lawes requested him to declare his meaning how it should be taken Wherefore considering howe it were to no purpose to refuse to doe it and againe howe it would get him much enuie ill will to yelde there unto he determined happen what would to winde him selfe out of these bryars and to flye the gronings complaints and quarrells of his cittizens For he sayeth him selfe Full harde it is all mindes content to haue and specially in matters harde and graue So to conuey him self a while out of the waye he tooke vpon him to be master of a shippe in a certaine voyage and asked licence for tenne yeres of the ATHENIANS to goe beyond sea hoping by that time the ATHENIANS would be very well acquainted with his lawes So went he to the seas the first place of his arriuall was in EGYPT where he remained a while as he him self sayeth Euen there vvhere Nylus vvith his crooked cranckes by Canobe falles into the sea banckes He went to his booke there and dyd conferre a certaine time with Psenophis Heliopolitan and Sonchis Saitan two of the wisest priestes at that time that were in EGYPT whom when he heard rehearse the storie of the Iles ATLANTIDES as Plato writeth he proued to put the same in verse dyd send it abroade through GRECE At his departure out of EGYPT he went into CYPRVS where he had great curtesy friendship of one of the princes of that countrie called Philocyprus who was lorde of a prety litle cittie which Demophon Theseus sonne caused to be built vpon the riuer of Clarie was of a goodly strong situation but in a very leane and barren coūtrie Whereupō Solon tolde him it would doe better a great deale to remoue it out of that place into a very fayer pleasaunt valley that laye vnderneath it and there to make it larger state her then it was which was done according to his persuasiō And Solon self being present at it was made ouerseer of the buildings which he dyd helpe to deuise and order in good sorte aswell in respect of pleasure as for force and defence insomuch as many people came from other places to dwell there And herein many other lordes of the countrie dyd followe th' example of this Philocyprus who to honour Solon called his cittie SOLES which before was called AEPIA Solon in his Elegies maketh mention of this foundation directing his wordes vnto Philocyprus as followeth So graunt the goddes that thou and thine offspring maye clyme to great and passing princely state long time to liue in Soles florishing And that they graunt my shippe and me good gate vvhen I from hence by seas shall take my vvaye that vvith her harpe dame Venus doe vouchesafe to vvaft me still vntill she maye conueye my selfe againe into my countrey safe Since I haue bene the only meane and man vvhich here to build this cittie first beganne And as for the meeting talke betwext him king Croesus I know there are that by distāce of time will proue it but a fable deuised of pleasure but for my parte I will not reiect nor cōndemne so famous an historie receiued approued by so many graue testimonies Moreouer it is very agreable to Solons māners nature also not vnlike to his wisedom magnanimitie although in all pointes it agreeth not with certaine tables which they call Chronicles where they haue busily noted the order and course of times which euen to this daye many haue curiously sought to correct could yet neuer discusse it not accorde all contrarieties manifest repugnaunces in the same Solon at the desire request of o went to see him in the cittie of SARDIS When Solon was come thither he seemed to be in the selfe same taking that a man was once reported to be who being borne bred vp on the mayne lande had neuer seene the sea neither farre not neere did imagine euery riuer that he sawe had bene the sea So Solon passing alongest Croesus palace meeting by the waye many of the lordes of his courte richely apparelled carying great traines of seruing men souldiers about them thought euer that one of them had bene the King vntill he was brought vnto Croesus selfe Who was passing richely arrayed what for precious stones iuells for riche cullered silkes layed on with curious goldsmithes worke all to shewe him self to Solon in most stately sumptuous magnificent manner Who perceiuing by Solons repayre to his presence that he shewed no manner of signe nor countenance of woundring to see so great a state before him neither had geuen out any word neere or likely to that which Croesus looked for in his owne imagination but rather had deliuered speaches for men of iudgement and vnderstanding to know how inwardly he much did mislike Croesus foolish vanitie base minde then Croesus commaunded all his treasuries to be opened where his golde siluer laye next that they should shewe him his riche sumptuous wardroppes although that needed not for to see Croesus self it was enough to discerne his nature condition After he had seene all ouer ouer being brought againe vnto the presence of the King Croesus asked him if euer he had seene any mā more happy than him self was Solon an̄swered him I haue that was one Tellus a cittizen of ATHENS who was a maruelous honest man had left his children behind him in good estimatiō well to liue lastly was most happy at his death by dying honorably in the field in defence of his coūtrie Croesus hearing this aunswer beganne to iudge him a man of litle witte or of grosse vnderstanding bicause he did not thincke that to haue store of gold siluer was the only ioye felicitie of the world that he would preferre the life death of a meane priuate man as more happy than all the riches power of so mightie a king Notwithstanding all this Croesus yet asked him again What other man beside Tellus he had seene happier than him self Solon aunswered him that he had seene Cleobis Biton which were both brethern loued one another singularly well their mother in such sorte that vpon a solemne festiuall daye when she should goe to the tēple of Iuno in her coche drawen with oxen bicause they taried to long ere they could be brought they both willingly yoked them selues by the necks drue their mothers coche in stead of the oxen which maruelously reioyced her and she was thought most happy of all other to haue borne two such sonnes Afterwards when they had done sacrifice to the goddesse
a lane through them and opened a passage into the battell of the enemies But the two winges of either side turned one to the other to compasse him in betweene them which the Consul Cominius perceyuing he sent thither straight of the best souldiers he had about him So the battell was maruelous bloudie about Martius and in a very shorte space many were slaine in the place But in the ende the ROMAINES were so strong that they distressed the enemies and brake their arraye and scattering them made them flye Then they prayed Martius that he would retire to the campe bicause they sawe he was able to doe no more he was already so wearied with the great payne he had taken and so fainte with the great woundes he had apon him But Martius aunswered them that it was not for conquerours to yeld nor to be fainte harted and thereupon beganne a freshe to chase those that fled vntill suche time as the armie of the enemies was vtterly ouerthrowen and numbers of them slaine and taken prisoners The next morning betimes Martius went to the Consul and the other ROMAINES with him There the Consul Cominius going vp to his chayer of state in the presence of the whole armie gaue thankes to the goddes for so great glorious and prosperous a victorie then he spake to Martius whose valliantnes he commended beyond the moone both for that he him selfe sawe him doe with his eyes as also for that Martius had reported vnto him So in the ende he willed Martius he should choose out of all the horses they had taken of their enemies and of all the goodes they had wonne whereof there was great store tenne of euery sorte which he liked best before any distribution should be made to other Besides this great honorable offer he had made him he gaue him in testimonie that he had wonne that daye the price of prowes aboue all other a goodly horse with a capparison and all furniture to him which the whole armie beholding dyd maruelously praise and commend But Martius stepping forth tolde the Consul he most thanckefully accepted the gifte of his horse and was a glad man besides that his seruice had deserued his generalls commendation and as for his other offer which was rather a mercenary reward then an honorable recompence he would none of it but was contented to haue his equall parte with other souldiers Only this grace sayed he I craue and beseeche you to graunt me Among the VOLSCES there is an olde friende and hoste of mine an honest wealthie man and now a prisoner who liuing before in great wealth in his owne countrie liueth now a poore prisoner in the handes of his enemies and yet notwithstanding all this his miserie and misfortune it would doe me great pleasure if I could saue him from this one daunger to keepe him from being solde as a slaue The souldiers hearing Martius wordes made a maruelous great showte among them and they were moe that wondred at his great contentation and abstinence when they sawe so litle couetousnes in him then they were that highely praised and extolled his villiantnes For euen they them selues that dyd somewhat malice and enuie his glorie to see him thus honoured and passingly praysed dyd thincke him so muche the more worthy of an honorable recompence for his valliant seruice as the more carelesly he refused the great offer made him for his profit and they esteemed more the vertue that was in him that made him refuse suche rewards then that which made them to be offred him as vnto a worthie persone For it is farre more commendable to vse riches well then to be valliant and yet it is better not to desire them then to vse them well After this showte and noyse of the assembly was somewhat appeased the Consul Cominius beganne to speake in this sorte We cannot compell Martius to take these giftes we offer him if he will not receaue them but we will geue him suche a rewarde for the noble seruice he hath done as he cannot refuse Therefore we doe order and decree that henceforth he be called Coriolanus onles his valliant acts haue wonne him that name before our nomination And so euer since he stil bare the third name of Coriolanus And thereby it appeareth that the first name the ROMAINES haue as Caius was our Christian name now The second as Martius was the name of the house and familie they came of The third was some addition geuen either for some acte or notable seruice or for some marke on their face or of some shape of their bodie or els for some speciall vertue they had Euen so dyd the GRAECIANS in olde time giue additions to Princes by reason of some notable acte worthie memorie As when they haue called some Soter and Callinicos as muche to saye sauiour and conquerour Or els for some notable apparaunt marke on ones face or on his bodie they haue called him Phiscon and Grypos as ye would saye gorebelley and hooke nosed or els for some vertue as Euergetes and Phyladelphos to wit a Benefactour and louer of his brethern Or otherwise for ones great felicitie as Endemon as muche to saye as fortunate For so was the second of the Battes surnamed And some Kings haue had surnames of ieast and mockery As one of the Antigones that was called Doson to saye the Geuer who was euer promising and neuer geuing And one of the Ptolomees was called Lamyros to saye conceitiue The ROMAINES vse more then any other nation to giue names of mockerie in this sorte As there was one Metellâ—â— surnamed Diadematus the banded bicause he caried a bande about his heade of longe time by reason of a sore he had in his forehead One other of his owne familie was called Celer the quicke flye Bicause a fewe dayes after the death of his father he shewed the people the cruell fight of fensers at vnrebated swordes which they founde wonderfull for the shortnes of time Other had their surnames deriued of some accident of their birthe As to this daye they call him Proculeius that is borne his father being in some farre voyage and him Posthumius that is borne after the deathe of his father And when of two brethern twinnes the one doth dye and thother suruiueth they call the suruiuer Vopiscus Somtimes also they geue surnames deriued of some marke or misfortune of the bodie As Sylla to saye crooked nosed Niger blacke Rufus red Caecus blinde Claudus lame They dyd wisely in this thing to accustome men to thincke that neither the losse of their sight nor other such misfortunes as maye chaunce to men are any shame or disgrace vnto them but the manner was to aunswer boldly to suche names as if they were called by their proper names Howbeit these matters would be better amplified in other stories then this Now when this warre was ended the flatterers of the people beganne to sturre vp sedition
their campe but the most parte of them ranne to the citie of PLATAEES and were maruelously out of order dispersing them selues here and there and set vp their tents where they thought good before the places were appointed for them and there were none that taried behinde but the LACEDAEMONIANS onely and that was against their willes For one of their Captaines called Amompharetus a maruelous hardie man that feared no daunger and longed sore for battell he was in such a rage with these triflinge delayes that he cried is out in the campe that this remouinge was a goodly runninge away and sware he woulde not from thence but woulde there tary Mardonius comminge with his companie Pausanias went to him and tolde him he must doe that the other GREECIANS hadde consented to in counsell by most voyces But Amompharetus tooke a great stone in his handes and threw it downe at Pausanias feete and told him there is the signe I geue to conclude battel and I passe not for all your cowardly conclusions Amompharetus stubbornnesse did so amaze Pausanias that he was at his wittes ende So he sent vnto the ATHENIANS that were onwardes on their way to pray them to tary for him that they might goe together and there withall made the rest of his menne to marche towardes the citie of PLATAEES supposinge thereby to haue drawen Amompharetus to haue followed him or else he ment to remaine alone behinde But in triflinge thus the day brake and Mardonius vnderstandinge that the GREECIANS did forsake their first lodging he made his army presently marche in battell ray to sette apon the LACEDAEMONIANS So the barbarous people made great showtes and cries not thinking to goe fight but to goe sacke and spoyle the GREECIANS flyinge away as in deede they did litle better For Pausanias seeinge the countenaunce of his enemies made his ensignes to stay and commaunded euery man to prepare to fight but he forgate to geue the GREECIANS the signall of the battell either for the anger he tooke against Amompharetus or for the sodayne onset of the enemies which made them that they came not in straight nor altogether to the battell after it was begonne but stragglinge in small companies some here and some there In the meane time Pausanias was busie in sacrificinge to the goddes and seeinge that the first sacrifices were not acceptable vnto them by the Soothsayers obseruations they made he commaunded the SPARTANS to throwe their targettes at their feete and not to sturre out of their places but onely to doe as he bad them without resistinge their enemies When he hadde geuen this straight order he went againe and did sacrifice when the horsemen of the enemies were at hande and that their arrowes flewe amongest the thickest of the LACEDAEMONIANS and did hurte diuerse of them and specially poore Callicrates amonge the rest that was one of the goodliest menne in all the GREECIANS hoste and armie He hauing his deathes wounde with an arrow before he gaue vppe the ghost sayed his death did not greue him bicause he came out of his contrie to dye for the defence of GREECE but it greued him to dye so cowardly hauinge geuen the enemie neuer a blowe His death was maruelous lamentable and the constancy of the SPARTANS wonderfull for they neuer stirred out of their places nor made any countenaunce to defende them selues against their enemies that came apon them but suffred them selues to be thrust through with arrowes and slaine in the field lookinge for the houre the goddes would appoint them and that their Captaine would commaunde them to fight Some wryte also that as Pausanias was at his prayers and doing sacrifice vnto the goddes a litle behinde the battell certeine of the LYDIANS came apon him and ouerthrew and tooke away all his sacrifice and how Pausanias and those that were about him hauinge no other weapons in their handes draue them awaye with force of staues and whippes In memorie whereof they saye there is a solemne procession kept at SPARTA on that daye which they call the LYDIANS procession where they whippe and beate younge boyes about the aulter Then was Pausanias in great distresse to see the Priestes offer sacrifice vppon sacrifice and that not one of them pleased the goddes at the last he turned his eyes to the temple of Iuno and wept and holdinge vp his handes besought Iuno Cithâ—râ—â— and all the other goddes patrones and protectors of the contry of the PLATAEIANS that if it were not the will of the goddes the GREECIANS shoulde haue the victorie yet that the conquerors at the least should buie their deathes dearely and that they shoulde finde they fought against valliant men and worthy souldiers Pausanias had no sooner ended his prayer but the sacrifices fell out very fauorable insomuch the Priestes and Soothsayers came to promise him victory Thereupon he straight gaue commaundement to march toward the enemy which flew from man to man incontinently how they shoulde march So as he that hadde seene the SquadroÌ„ of the LACEDAEMONIANS would haue said it had bene like the body of a fierce beast raising vp his bristels preparing to fight Then the barbarous people saw they shoulde haue a hotte battell and that they should mete with men that would fight it out to the death wherefore they couered their bodies with great targets after the PERSIAN facion bestowed their arrowes lustely apon the LACEDAEMONIANS But they keeping close together and coueringe them selues with their shieldes marched on stil apon them vntill they came to ioyne with the enemy so lustely that they made their targets flie out of their hands with the terrible thrustes and blowes of their pikes speares apon their breastes and ouerthwart their faces that they slew many of them and layed them on the grounde For all that they dyed not cowardly but tooke the LACEDAEMONIANS pikes and speares in their bare hands and brake them in two by strength of their armes and then they quickely pluckt out their cimeters and axes and lustely layed about them and wrong the LACEDAEMONIANS shields out of their hands by force and fought it out with theÌ„ a great while hand to hand Now whilest the LACEDAEMONIANS were busily fighting with the barbarous people the ATHENIANS stoode still imbattelled farre of kept their ground But when they saw the LACEDAEMONIANS tary so long that they came not and heard a maruelous noyse of men as though they were fighting and besides that there came a speedy messenger vnto them sent from Pausanias to let theÌ„ vnderstand they were fighting then they marched with all speede they could to help them But as they were comming on a great pace ouer the playne vnto that parte where they heard the noyse the GREECIANS that were on Mardonius side came against them Aristides seeing them coÌ„ming towards them went a good way before his company cried out as loude as he could for life and coniured the GREECIANS in the name
no more then if he had neuer enuied him in his prosperity And touching Aristides death some write he dyed in the realme of PONTVS being sent thither about matters of the state other thinke he dyed an old man in the citie of ATHENS greatly honored and beloued of all the citizens But Craterus the MACEDONIAN wryteth of his death in this sorte After that Themistocles sayeth he was fled the people of ATHENS became very stubborne and insolent whereupon many lewde men grew to be common appeachers and accusers of the noble men and chiefest citizens and to stirre vp the malice and ill will of the common people against them who were waxen proude by reason of their prosperity and dominion that was enlarged Amonge the rest Aristides was condemned for extorcion and ill behauiour in the common wealth apon one Diophantes accusation of the village of AMPHITROPE who burdened him that he tooke money of the IORIANS to make the annuell tribute cease which they payed vnto ATHENS and so Craterus sayth that bicause Aristides was not able to pay the fine they set apon his heade which was fiue Minas he was driuen to forsake ATHENS and to gette him into IONIA where he dyed Yet doth not Craterus bring foorth any probable matter to proue this true he wryteth as his pleadinge his sentence and condemnation or any decree passed against him although he vsed great diligence else in collectinge all such matters and vowchinge his authors Furthermore all other wryters that haue specially noted the faultes and offences committed by the people of ATHENS in former times against their Captaines and gouernors they do declare Themistocles exile Miltiades captiuity that dyed in prison Pericles fine wherein he was condemned and Paches death that slue him selfe in the pulpit for orations when he sawe he was condemned and tell diuerse such stories addinge to also Aristides banishment but yet they make no maner of mencion of the condemnation which Craterus speaketh of Moreouer Aristides tombe is to be seene at this day apon the hauen of Phalerus which was set vp for him at the charge of the common wealth as it is reported bicause he dyed so poore a manne as they founde nothing in his house to bury him with Other go further and say that his daughters were maried by decree of the people at the charge of the common wealth and that the citie gaue euery one of them three thowsande Drachmas and his sonne Lysimachus a hundred Minas of siluer and a hundred Iugera and at Alcibiades request who was the author of the decree they gaue him foure Drachmas a day besides of ordinarie allowance Furthermore when this Lysimachus dyed he left aliue one onely daughter called Polycrite whom the people appointed as Callisthenes wryteth as much prouisino to liue withall as they gaue to any that wanne the Olympian games And sithence Demetrius PHALERIAN Hieronymus RHODIAN Aristoxenus the musitian and Aristotle the Philosopher at the least if the booke intituled of Nobilitie be any of Aristotles workes all these agree together that one Myrto Aristides daughters daughter was maried to the wise Socrates who tooke her to his wife hauing a wife already bicause she was a poore widdow could not be maried for her pouerty hauing much a do to liue Yet Panaetius doth wryte against them in his booke of Socrates life But Demetrius PHALERIAN wryteth in his booke he intituled Socrates that he could remember very well he had seene one Lysimachus Aristides sonnes sonne or his daughters sonne that was very poore and liued of that he could get to interpret dreames by certaine tables wherin was wrytten the arte to interpret the signification of dreames and that he kept commonly about the temple of Bacchus called Iacchion vnto whom together with his mother and his sister he sayd he had caused the people to geue them a Triobolum a peece euery day towards their liuinge It is very true that the selfe same Demetrius PHALERIAN when he reformed the state of ATHENS ordained that his mother and sister should haue ech of them a Drachma by the day to finde them withall out of the common chamber of the city And it is no new nor straunge thing that the people of ATHENS were so carefull to helpe and to relieue the women that dwelt in the citie considering that in times past Aristogiton hauing a litle daughter in the I le of LEMNOS in very hard and poore state and that coulde not be bestowed in mariage for her pouerty they caused her to be brought to ATHENS and maried her in one of the noblest houses of the city and made her a ioynter besides in the village of POTAMOS Which great curtesy humanity of theirs hath euer deserued great fame and commendacion yet cōtinueth euen vntil this day in that noble city of ATHENS in the mouth of euery man there THE LIFE OF Marcus Cato the Censor MArcus Cato and his auncesters were as they say of the city of TUVSCVLVM but before he went vnto the warres and delt in matters of the common wealth he dwelt liued in the contry of the SABYNES vpon certeine land his father left him And though to many his auncesters were knowen to haue bene obscure yet he him self did highly commende his father Marcus by bearing his name and saying he was a souldier and had serued valliantly in the fielde And he telleth also of an other Cato that was his great grandfather who for his valliant seruice had bene oft rewarded of the generals with such honorable giftes as the ROMAINES did vse to geue vnto them that had done some famous act in any battell and how that he hauinge lost fiue horses of seruice in the warres the value of the fame were restored to him againe in money of the common treasure bicause he had shewed himselfe trusty and valliant for the common wealth And where they had a common speeche at ROME to call them vpstartes that were no gentlemen borne but did rise by vertue it fortuned Cato to be called one of them And for his parte he did confesse it that he was of the first of the house that euer had honor and office of state but by reason of the noble actes and good seruice of his auncestors he maintained he was very auncient He was called at the beginning after his third name Priscus but afterwardes by reason of his great wisedom and experience he was surnamed Cato bicause the ROMAINES call a wise man and him that hath seene much Cato He was somewhat geuen to be redde faced and had a payer of staring eyes in his heade as this man telleth vs that for ill will wrote these verses of him after his death Pluto the god vvhich rules the furies infernall vvill not receiue the damned ghost of Porcius in his hall his saucy coppered nose and fiery staring eyes his common slaunderous tales vvhich he did in this vvorld deuise made
Galba or Quintius Flaminius hauing no other maintenance nor helpe to trust vnto but a tongue speaking boldly with reason and all vprightnes Moreouer Aristides at the battells of MARATHON and of PLATHES was but one of the tenne captaines of the ATHENIANS where Cato was chosen one of the two Consuls among many other noble and great competitors and one of the two Censors before seuen other that made sute for it which were all men of great reputacion in the citie and yet was Cato preferred before them all Furthermore Aristides was neuer the chiefest in any victory For at the battell of MARATHON Miltiades was the generall 〈…〉 at the battell of SALAMINA Themistocles and at the iorney of PLATAEES king Pausanias as Herodotus sayeth who wryteth that he had a maruelous victory there And there were that striued with Aristides for the second place as Sophanes Amynias Callimachus and Cynegirus euery one of the which did notable valliant seruice at those battells Now Cato was generall him selfe and chiefe of all his army in worthines and counsell during the warre he made in SPAYNE while he was Consull Afterwards also in the iorney where king Antiochus was ouerthrowen in the contry of THERMOPYLES Cato being but a Colonell of a thousande footemen and seruinge vnder an other that was Consull wanne the honor of the victory when he did sodainely set vpon Antiochus behinde whereas he looked only to defend him selfe before And that victory without all doubt was one of the chiefest actes that euer Cato did who draue ASIA out of GREECE and opened the way vnto Lucius Scipio to passe afterwardes into ASIA So then for the warres neither the one nor the other of them was euer ouercome in battell but in peace and ciuill gouernment Aristides was supplanted by Themistocles who by practise got him to be banished ATHENS for a time Whereas Cato had in manner all the greatest and noblest men of ROME that were in his time sworne enemies vnto him and hauing alwayes contended with them euen to his last hower he euer kept him selfe on sounde grounde like a stoute champion and neuer tooke fall nor foyle For he hauing accused many before the people and many also accusing him him selfe was neuer once condemned but alwayes his tongue was the buckeler and defence of his life and innocency Which was to him so necessary a weapon and with it he could help himselfe so in great matters that in my opinion it was only cause why he neuer receiued dishonor nor was vniustly condemned rather then for any thing else he was beholding to fortune or to any other that did protect him And truely eloquence is a singular gift as Antipater witnesseth in that he wrote of Aristotle the Philosopher after his death saying that amongest many other singular graces and perfections in him he had this rare gift that he coulde perswade what he listed Now there is a rule confessed of all the world that no man can attaine any greater vertue or knowledge then to know how to gouerne a multitude of men or a city a parte wherof is Oeconomia cōmonly called houserule considering that a city is no other then an assembly of many householdes and houses together then is the city commonly strong of power when as the townes men and citizens are wise and wealthy Therefore Lycurgus that banished golde and siluer from LACEDAEMON and coyned them money of iron that woulde be marred with fyre vinegre when it was hot did not forbid his citizens to be good husbands but like a good lawmaker exceeding all other that euer went before him he did not onely cut of all superfluous expences that commonly wayte vppon riches but did also prouide that his people should lacke nothing necessary to liue withall fearing more to see a begger and nedy persone dwellinge in his citie and enioy the priuiledges of the same then a proude man by reason of his riches So me thinkes Cato was as good a father to his householde as he was a good gouernor to the common wealth for he did honestly increase his goods and did teach other also to do the same by sauing and knowledge of good husbandry whereof in his booke he wrote sundry good rules and precepts Aristides contrariwise made iustice odions slaunderous by his pouerty and as a thing that made men poore and was more profitable to other then to a mans selfe that vsed iustice And yet Hesiodus the Poet that commendeth iustice so much doth wishe vs withall to be good husbandes reprouing sloth and idlenes as the roote and originall of all iniustice And therefore me thinkes Homer spake wisely when he sayed In times past neither did I labor carcke nor care for busines for family for foode nor yet for fare but rather did delight vvith shippes the seaes to saile to drovv a bovv to fling a dart in vvarres and to preuaile As giuing vs to vnderstand that iustice husbandry are two relatiues necessarily lincked one to the other and that a man who hath no care of his owne thinges nor house doth liue vniustly and taketh from other men For iustice is not like oyle which Phisitions say is very holsome for mannes body if it be applied outwardly and in contrary maner very ill if a man drinke it neither ought a iust man to profitte straungers and in the ende not to care for him selfe nor his Therefore me thinkes this gouerninge vertue of Aristides had a fault in this respect if it be true that most authors wryte of him that he had no care nor forecast with him to leaue so much as to mary his daughters withall nor therewith to bury him selfe Where those of the house of Cato continued Praetors and Consulls of ROME euen vnto the fourte discent For his sonnes sonnes and yet lower his sonnes sonnes sonnes came to the greatest offices of dignity in all ROME And Aristides who was in his time the chiefest mā of GREECE left his posterity in so great pouerty that some were compelled to become Soothsayers that interprete dreames and tell mens fortune to get their liuing and other to aske almes and left no meane to any of them to do any great thing worthy of him But to contrary this it might be sayd pouerty of it selfe is neither ill nor dishonest but where it groweth by idlenes carelesse life vanity and folly it is to be reproued For when it lighteth apon any man that is honest and liueth well that taketh paines is very diligent iust valliant wise and gouerneth a common wealth well then it is a great signe of a noble minde For it is vnpossible that man should doe any great thinges that had such a base minde as to thinke alwayes vppon trifles and that he shoulde relieue the poore greatly that lacketh him selfe reliefe in many thinges And sure riches is not so necessary for an honest man that will deale truely in the common wealth and
it be a newter frend vnto them both King Antigonus agreed vnto it and gaue them his sonne for hostage Pyrrus also made theÌ„ fayer promise to do so too but bicause he gaue no caution nor sufficient pledge to performe it they mistrusted him the more Then there fel out many great wonderful tokens as wel vnto Pyrrus as vnto the ARGIVES For Pyrrus hauing sacrificed oxen their heades being striken of from their bodies they thrust out their tongues and licked vp their owne blood And within the city of ARGOS a sister of the temple of Apollo Lycias called Apollonide ranne through the streetes crying out that she saw the city full of murder and blood running all about and an Eagle that came vnto the fraye howbeit she vanished away sodainly and no body knewe what became of her Pyrrus then comminge hard to the walles of ARGOS in the night finding one of the gates called Diamperes opened by Aristeas he put in his GAVLES who possessed the market place before the citizens knew any thing of it But bicause the gate was too low to passe the elephantes through with their towers vpon their backes they were driuen to take them of afterwards when they were within to put them on in the darke in tumulte by reason whereof they lost much time so that the citizens in the ende perceiued it and ran incontinently vnto the castell of Aspides and into other strong places of the city And therewithall they sent with present speede vnto Antigonus to pray him to come and helpe them and so he did and after he was come hard to the walles he remained without with the skowtes in the meane time sent his sonne with his chiefest Captaines into the towne who brought a great number of good souldiers and men of warre with them At the same time also arriued Areus king of SPARTA with a thowsand of the CRETANS and most lusty SPARTANS all which ioyning together came to geue a charge vpoÌ„ the GAVLES that were in the market place who put them in a maruelous feare hazard Pyrrus entering on that side also of the city called Cylarabis with terrible noyse cries when he vnderstoode that the GAVLES aunswered him not lustely and coragiously he doubted straight that it was the voyce of men distressed and that had their handes full Wherefore he came on with speede to relieue them thrusting the horsemen forwards that marched before him with great daunger and paine by reason of holes and sinckes and water conduites whereof the city was full By this meane there was a wonderfull confusion amongest them as may be thought fightinge by night where no man saw what he had to doe nor could heare what was commaunded by reason of the great noyse they made straying here and there vp and downe the streetes thâ—ne scattered from the other neither could the Captaines set their men in order as wel for the darkenes of the night as also for the confused tumult that was all the city ouer for that the streetes also were very narrow And therefore they remained on both sides without doing any thing looking for day light at the dawning wherof Pyrrus perceiued the castel of Aspides ful of his armed enemies And furthermore sodainly as he was come into the market place amoÌ„gest many other goodly common workes sette out to beautifie the same he spied the images of a bull and a woulfe in copper the which sought one with an other This sight made him afrayed bicause at that present he remembred a prophecy that had bene tolde him that his end and death should be when he sawe a woulfe and a bull fight together The ARGIVES reporte that these images were set vp in the market place for the remembraunce of a certaine chaunce that had happened in their contrie For when Danaus came thither first by the way called Pyramia as one would say land sowen with corne in the contry of THYREATIDE he saw as he went a woulfe fight with a bull whereupon he stayed to see what the end of their fight would come to supposing the case in him selfe that the woulfe was of his side bicause that being a straunger as he was he came to set vppon the naturall inhabitantes of the contry The woulfe in the ende obtained the victory wherefore Danaus making his prayer vnto Apollo Lycias followed on his enterprise had so good successe that he draue Gelanor out of ARGOS who at that time was king of the ARGIVES And thus you heare the cause why they say these images of the woulfe and bull were set vp in the market place of ARGOS Pyrrus being halfe discoraged with the sight of them and also bicause nothinge fell out well according to his expectations thought best to retyre but fearing the straitenesse of the gates of the city he sent vnto his sonne Helenus whome he had left without the city with the greatest parte of his force and army commaunding him to ouerthrow a peece of the wall that his men might the more readily get out and that he might receiue them if their enemies by chaunce did hinder their comming out But the messenger whom he sent was so hasty and fearefull with the tumult that troubled him in going out that he did not well vnderstand what Pyrrus sayd vnto him but reported his message quite contrary Whereuppon they young prince Helenus taking the best foâ—â—â—sors he had with him and the rest of his elephantes entred into the city of helpe his father who was now geuing backe and so long as he had roome to fight at ease retyring still he valliantly repulsed those that set vpon him turning his face oft vnto them But when he was driuen vnto the streete that went from the market place to the gate of the city he was kept in with his owne men that entered at the same gate to helpe him But they coulde not heare when Pyrrus cried out and bad them go backe the noyse was so great and though the first had heard him and would haue gone backe yet they that were behinde and did stil thrust forward into the prease did not permit them Besides this moreouer the biggest of all the elephantes by misfortune fell downe ouerthwart the gate where he grindinge his teeth did hinder those also that would haue comen out and geuen backe Furthermore an other of the elephantes that were entred before into the city called Nicon as much to say as conquering seeking his gouernor that was striken downe to the ground from his backe with terrible blowes ran vpon theÌ„ that came backe vpon him ouerthrowing frendes and foes one in an others necke til at the length hauing founde the body of his master slaine he lift him vp from the ground with his troncke and carying him vpon his two tushes returned backe with great fury treading all vnder feete he found in his way Thus euery man being thronged and crowded
followed their enemies so fiercely till they recouered straight narrow waies of great strength for them These three huÌ„dred were in maner all those that were suspected in THEBES to fauor the LACEDAEMONIANS secretly wherfore for the desire they had to take away this opinioÌ„ froÌ„ their citizens they hazarded theÌ„selues to no purpose were cast away in this chase King Pausanias heard newes of this ouerthrow going froÌ„ PLATEES vnto THESPIES went on further marching still in battel ray towards ALIARTE where Thrasybulus also arriued at the selfe same time bringing the aide of the ATHENIANS froÌ„ THEBES And when Pausanias was purposed to send to aske liceÌ„ce of the enemies to take away the bodies of their men which they had slaine to thintent to bury them the olde SPARTANS that were in his army misliking it much at the first were angry in them selues But afterwardes they went vnto the king him selfe to tell him that he dishonored SPARTA to offer to take vp Lysanders bodie by his enemies leaue 〈…〉 and that he should valliantly recouer him by force of armes and honorably burie him after that he had ouercome their enemies or else if it were their fortune to be ouerthroweÌ„ that yâ—â— it should be more honorable for them to iye dead in the field by their Captaine then to aske leaue to take vp his body But notwithstanding all these wordes of the old men king Pausanias seeing that it was a hard matter to ouercome the THEBANS in battell now that they had gotten the victory and furthermore that the body of Lysander lay hard by the walls of ALIARTE and that he could not come to take it away without great daunger although they should win the battell he sent a herauld to the enemies And hauing made truce for certaine dayes he led his army away and tooke vp Lysanders body with him and buried him after they were out of the confynes of BOEOTIA within the territory of the PANOPEIANS where vntill this day his tombe remaineth apon the high way goinge from DELPHES vnto the city of CHAERONIA Thus Pausanias campe being lodged there it is sayd there was a PHOCIAN who reporting the battell vnto one that was not there sayd that the enemies came to geue a charge vpon them as Lysander had passed the Oplites Thother wondring at that there was a SPARTAN a very frend of Lysanders by hauing heard all their talke asked him what that was which he called Oplites for that he had not heard that word named before What aunswered the PHOCIAN to him againe Euen there it was where the enemies did ouerthrow the first of our men which were slaine in the fieldes for the riuer that runneth by the walles of the city is called Oplites The SPARTAN hearing that burst out of weping for sorrow saying then I see it is impossible for a man to auoyde his destinie For Lysander aforetime had an oracle that tolde him thus Lysander take good heede come not I thee aduise Neere Oplites that riuers banckes in any kinde of vvise Nor neere the Dragon he vvhich is the earth her sonne VVho at the length vvill thee assault and on thy backe vvill runne Howebeit some take it that this riuer of Oplites is not that which passeth by the walles of ALIARTE but it is the riuer that runneth neere vnto the city of CORONEA and falleth into the riuer of Phliarus hard by the city and they say that in olde time it was called Hoplia but now they call it Isomantus He that slue Lysander was an ALIARTIAN called Neochorus who caried a Dragon painted apon his target and this was that which the oracle of likelyhoode did signifie They say also that in the time of the warres of PELOPONNESVS the THEBANS had an oracle from the teÌ„ple of Apollo Ismenias which oracle did prophecy the battell which they wanne by the castell of DELIVM and the battell of ALIARTE also which was thirty yeares after that The effect of that oracle was this VVhen thou thy nets shalt spread the vvolues for to intrappe Bevvare thou come not neere vnto a litle hill by happe Of Orchalide Nor neere to any his confynes For there the crafty foxes keepe their dennes and priuy mines He calleth the territory that is about DELIVM the vttermost confynes bicause BOEOTA doth confine there with the contry of ATTICA and the hill Orchalide which is now called Alopecon to say the foxe denne which lieth on that side of the citie of ALIARTE that looketh towardes mounte Helicon Lysander being slaine the SPARTANS tooke his death so ill that they would haue condemned king Pausanias of treason by law who durst not abide the tryall but fled vnto the citie of TEGEA where he ended the rest of his life within the sanctuarie of the temple of Minerua When Lysander was dead his pouertie appeared to the world which made his vertue farre more famous than when he liued For then they sawe that for all the gold siluer which had passed through his hands for all his great authority countenaunce that he had caried and for all that so many cities townes did come to honor him briefly for al that he had so great puissant a kingdom in maner in his hands yet he did neuer enrich nor increase his house with so much as one farthing So writeth Theopompus whom we should rather beleue when he praiseth then when he discommendeth for commonly he taketh more delite to dispraise then to praise any It fortuned not longe after as Ephorus writeth that the LACEDAEMONIANS and their confederats fel at variance together wherupon Lysanders letters were to be seene that were in his house Kinge Agesilaus goinge thither to peruse them amongest other writinges founde the oration penned by Cleon Halicarnasseus which Lysander had prepared to perswade the SPARTANS to chaunge their gouernment and to declare vnto them that they shoulde reuoke the prerogatiue which the Eurytiontides and the Agiades had that the kinges of SPARTA could not be chosen but out of those two families and to leue the prerogatiue at liberty that the chiefest magistrats might be laufully chosen kings of SPARTA Agesilaus stood indiffereÌ„t to haue shewed this oratioÌ„ openly to the people that the SPARTANS might see what manner a citizen Lysander had bene in his harte But Lacratidas a graue wise man president at that time of the counsel of the Ephori would not suffer him saying that he shoulde not digge Lysander out of his graue againe but rather bury his oration with him that was so passingly well and eloquently penned to perswade Yet notwithstandinge they did him great honor after his death and amongest others condemned two citizens in a great summe of money that were made sure to two of his daughters while he liued and refused to marye them which he was dead seeing their father dyed so poore bicause they sought to matche in his house supposing he had
order him selfe had made touching the reformation of banckets comforting his sorrow with ordinary feastes full of all vanity and lasciuiousnes Within a fewe monethes after he had fensers games at the sharpe and the roomes of the Theater being open and vnseuered men and women sitting together it fortuned that there was a fayer Lady and of a noble house that sat hard by Sylla called Vaeleria she was the daughter of Messala and sister of Hortensius the orator and had bene diuorsed not long before from her husbande This Lady passing by Sylla behinde him did softly put her hand on his shoulder and tooke a heare from of his gowne and so went on to her place and sat her downe Sylla marueling at this familiarity looked earnestly vpon her it is nothing my Lord quod she but that I desire with others to be partaker a litle of your happines Her words misliked not Sylla but contrarily he shewed that she had tickled him with them for he sent straight to aske her name and enquired of what house she was and how she had liued But after many slye lookes betwene them they turned their faces one to an other vpon euery occasion with prety smyling countenaunces so that in the end they came to promise contract mariage together for the which Valeria was not to be blamed For though she was as wise as honest and as vertuous a Lady as could be possible yet the occasion that made Sylla mary her was neither good nor commendable bicause he was taken straight with a looke and a fine tongue as if he had bene but a young boy which commonly shew forth the filthiest passions of the minde to be so caried and with such motions Now notwithstanding he had this fayer young Lady in his house he left not the company of women minstrells tumblers and to haue pleasaunt ieasters and musitians about him with whome he would lye wallowing and drinking all the day long vppon litle cowches made for the nonest For his companions that were in greatest estimacion with him at that time were these three Roscius a maker of common playes Sorex a prince of scoffers and one Metrobius a singing man whom he was in loue withall while he liued yet did not dissemble his loue though he was past age to be beloued This wicked life of his was cause of increasing his disease the originall cause whereof had a light foundacion at the first For he liued a great time before he perceiued that he had an impostume in his body the which by processe of time came to corrupt his fleshe in such some that it turned all to lice so that notwithstanding he had many men about him to shift him continually night and day yet the lyce they wiped away were nothing in respect of them that multiplied still vpon him And there was neither apparell linnen bathes washing nor meate it selfe but was presently filled with swarmes of this vile vermine For he went many times in the day into the bathe to washe and clense him selfe of them but all would not serue for the chaunging of his flesh into this putriture wanne it straight againe that there was no clensing nor shifting of him that could kepe such a nūber of lyce from him Some say that in old time amongest the most auncientest men whereof there is any memory Acastus the sonne of Pelias dyed of the lowsie euill and long time after also the Poet Alcman and Pherecides the deuine and so did Callisthenes OLYNTHIAN in prison and Mutius a wise lawyer And if we shall make mencion of those that are famous men although it be not in any good matter we finde that a bonde man called Eunus he that was the first procurer of the warres of the bondmen in SICILIA being taken and caried to ROME dyed also of the same disease Furthermore Sylla did not only foresee his death but he wrote some thing of it also for he made an end of wryting the two and twenty booke of his commentaries two dayes before he dyed In that booke he sayth that the wise men of CHALDEA had told him long before that after he had liued honorably he should ende his dayes in the flower of all his prosperity And there he sayth also that his sonne who departed a litle before his mother Metella appeared to him in his sleepe apparrelled in an ill fauored gowne and that comminge vnto him he prayed him he would go with him vnto Metella his mother thenceforth to liue in peace and rest with her But for all his disease he would not geue ouer to deale in matters of state For tenne dayes before his death he pacified a sedition and tumult risen among the inhabitantes of the city of PVYLOLANVM in Italian called POZZOLO and there he gaue them lawes and ordinaunces werby hey should gouerne them selues And the day before he dyed hearing that Granius who was in debt to the common wealth defferred payment of his money looking for his death he 〈…〉 for him and made him come into his chamber and there caused his men to compasse him about and commaunded them to strangle him in his fight The passion of his anger was so vehement against him that by the extreame straining of him selfe he brake the impostume in his body so as there gushed out a wonderfull deale of blood by reason whereof his strength failing him he was full of paine and panges that night and so dyed leauing the two litle children he had by Metella For Valeria was brought to bed of a daughter after his death which was called Posthumia bicause the ROMANES call those children that are borne after the death of their fathers Posthumi Now when Sylla was dead many gathered about the Consull Lepidus to let that his body should not be honorably buried as they were accustomed to bury noble men men quality But Pompey though he was angry with Sylla bicause he had geue him nothing in his will and had remembred all his other frendes yet he made some for loue some by intreaty and others with threatning to let it alone and accompanying the corps in to ROME gaue both safety and honor vnto the performance of his funeralls And it is sayd also that the ROMANE Ladies amongest other things bestowed such a quantity of perfumes odoriferous matter towardes the same that besides those which were brought in two hundred and tenne great baskets they made a great image to the likenes of Sylla him selfe and an other of a sergeaunt carying the axes before him all of excellent incence synamon When the day of the funeralls came fearing least it would raine in the forenone all the element doing so clowdly they deferred to cary forth the body to be burnt vntill past three of the clocke in the afternone And then rose there such a sodaine boysterous winde that it set all the stake of woode straight a fire that the body was
could do them but litle hurt and yet were very likely to take the greater harme them selues For as fast as the ROMANES came apon them so fast did the PARTHIANS flie from them and yet in flying continued still their shooting which no nation but the Sâ—â—â—â—Dâ—â—S could better doe than they being a matter in deede most greatly to their aduantage For by their fight they best doe saue them selues and fighting still they therby shunne the shame of that their flying The ROMANES still defended them selues and held it out so long as they had any hope that the PARTHIANS would leaue fighting where they had spent their arrowes or would ioyne battell with them But after they vnderstoode that their were a great number of camels lodeÌ„n with quiuers full of arrowes where the first that had bestowed their arrowes fetched about to take new quiuers then Crassus seeing no end of their shotte began to faint and sent to Publius his sonne willing him in any case to charge vpon the enemies and to geue nan onset before they were compassed in on euery side For it was on Publius side that one of the winges of the enemies battell was neerest vnto them and where they rode vp and downe to compasse them behinde Whereuppon Crassus sonne taking thirteene hundred horsemen with him of the which a thowsand were of the men of armes whom Iulius Caesar sent and fiue hundred shot with eight enfignes of footemen hauing targets most neere to the place where him selfe then was â—he put them but in bredth that wheling about they might geue a charge vpon them that rode vp downe But they seeing him comming turned straight their horse and fled either bicause they met in a marrisse or else of purpose to begine this young Crassus intising him thereby as farre from his father as they could Publius Crassus seeing them flye cried out these men will not abide vs and so spurted on for life after them so did Censorinus and Megabacchus with him the one a Senatour of ROME a very eloquent man the other a stowte coragious valliant man of warre both of them Crassus well approued frendes and in maner of his owne yeares Now the horsemen of the ROMANES being trained out thus to the chase their footemen also would not abide behinde nor shew them selues to haue lesse hope ioy and corage then their horsemen had For they thought all had bene won and that there was no more to do but to follow the chase till they were gone farre from the army and then they found the deceit For the horsemen that fled before them sodainly turned againe and a number of others besides came and set vpon them Whereuppon they stayed thinking that the enemies perceiuing they were so few would come and fight with them hande to hande Howbeit they set out against them their men at armes with their barbed horse made their light horsemen whele rounde about them keeping non order at all who galloping vp and downe the plaine whurled vp the sand hilles from the bottome with their horse feete which raised such a wonderfull dust that the ROMANES could scarce see or speake one to an other For they being shut vp into a litle roome and standing close one to an other were sore wounded with the PARTHIANS arrowes and died of a cruell lingring death crying out for anguish and paine they felt and turning and tormenting them selues apon the sande they brake the arrowes sticking in them Againe striuing by force to plucke out the forked arrowe heades that had pearced farre into their bodies through their vaines sinewes thereby they opened their woundes wider and so cast them selues away Many of them dyed thus miserably 〈…〉 tyred and such as dyed not were not able to defend them selues Then when Publius Crassus prayed and besought them to charge the men at armes with their barbed horse they shewed him their handes fast nailed so that targets with arrowes their feete likewise shot 〈…〉 and raised to the ground so as they could neither flie nor yet defende them selues Thereâ—pon him selfe incoraging his horsemen went and gaue a charge and did valliantly set vppon thenemies but it was with too great disaduantage both for offence and also for defence For him selfe and his men with weake light staues brake apon them that were armed with 〈…〉 races of sâ—â—cke or stiffe leather iackes And the PARTHIANS in contrary manner with mighâ—â— strong pykes gaue charge apon these GAVLES which were either warmed or else but lightly armed Yet those were they in whom Crassus most trusted hauing done wonderfull 〈…〉 of warre with them For they receiued the PARTHIANS pykes in their handes tooke them about the middells and threw them of their horse where they lay on the ground and could not storre for the weight of their harnesse and there were diuers of them also that lighting from their horse lay vnder their enemies horse bellies thrust their swordes into them That horse flinging bounding in the ayer for very paine threw their maisters vnder feete their enemies one apon an other in the end fell dead among them Moreouer euer came 〈…〉 and thirst did maruelously comber the GAVLES who were vsed to abide neither of both and the most parte of their horse were slaine charging with al their power apon the men at armed of the PARTHIANS and so ranne them selues in apon the pointes of their pikes At the length they were driuen to retyre towardes their footemen Publius Crassus among them who was very ill by reason of the woundes he had receiued And seeing a sand hill by chaunce not faâ— from them they went thither setting their horse in the middest of it compassed it in round with their targets thinking by this meanes to couer and defende them selues the better from the barbarous people howbeit they founde it contrary For the contry being plaine they in the formest ranckes did somewhat couer them behinde but they that were behinde standing heir than they that stoode formest by reason of the nature of the hill that was hiest in the middest could by no meanes saue them selues but were all hurt alike as well the one as the other bewailing their owne miserie and misfortune that must needes dye without reuenge or declaration of their valliancy At that present time there were two GRAECIANS about Publius Crassus Hitronymus and Nitomachus who dwelt in those quarters in the city of CARRâ—â— they both counselled P. Crassus to steale away with them and to flie to a city called ISCHNES that was not farre from thence and tooke the ROMANES parte But P. aunswered them that there was no death so cruell as could make him forsake them that dyed for his sake When he had so sayd wishing them to saue them selues he embraced them tooke his leaue of them and being very sore hurt with the shot of an arrow through one of his handes commaunded one of his gentlemen to
the sea side By this meanes both the Captaines his enemies were compelled to seuer theÌ„ selues farre one from the other insomuch as Metellus went to winter in GAVLE Pompey remained in SPAYNE in great scarcetie of all thinges for lacke of money to winter in the territories of the VACCEIANS and wrote to the Senate at ROME that he would returne with his armie into ITALIE if they sent him not money out of hande for that he had spent all his owne dayly fighting for the defense of ITALIE Thus it was certainly thought at ROME that Sertorius would be in ITALIE before Pompey bicause he had through his valliancy and great skill brought two of the most famous Captaines of their time to great extreamitie and distresse Then did Metellus showe howe much he feared Sertorius and how he thought him a great and dreadfull enemie For he proclaimed by sounde of trompet that if any ROMANE could kill him he would geue him an hundred siluer talentes and twentie thowsand Iugera of land and if he were a banished man he promised he should be restored to his contry and goodes againe buying his death by treason whome he could not ouercome by force And furthermore being his chaunce once to winne a battell of Sertorius he was so ioconde and prowde for this victorie that he would needes therefore be called Imperator to say Prince or soueraine Captaine and was contented the people should sette vp aulters and doe sacrifices vnto him in euerie citie where he came And it is furthermore reported of him that he wore garlandes of flowers on his head and would be bidden to dissolute bankets sitting at the table in a triumphing robe and they made images of victory goe vp and downe the hall moued by certaine secret engines carying triumphes of golde and crownes and garlandes of triumphe and daunsers of goodly young boyes and fayer girles following of them with songes of triumphe in his praise Wherein doubtlesse he deserued to be laughed at shewing him selfe so much caried away with ioy and vaine glory for one ouerthrowe geuen vnto him whom him selfe was wont to call Syll 〈…〉 gitiue and the remnant of the banished men of Carbo On thother side Sertorius noble coâ—age was easily discerned first for that he called the banished men which were escaped froÌ„ ROME and comen to him Senators and hauing them about him called them the Senate making some of them Treasorers others Pretors directing and ordering all thinges according to the manner of his contrie And in this also that making warres with the souldiers of the cities of SPAYNE and defraying the same at their owne charges yet he neuer gaue them any authoritie so much as in word but ruled them alwayes with ROMANE officers and Captaines saying still that he fought for the liberty of the people of ROME and not to increase the glorie and power of the SPANYARDS to the hurt and dishonor of the ROMANES For to say truly of him he euer loued his contrie well and longed much to be sent for home againe and yet in his greatest troubles when thinges thwarted him most then was his minde greatest yeelding to maner of shewe or appearance to his enemies of any faint hart or discoragement in him Againe when he was in best prosperitie and had most aduantage of his enemies he sent vnto Metellus and Pompey both letting them vnderstand that for his parte he was contented to lay armes aside and to liue at home like a priuate man so that he might be lawfully restored and called home by edict and that he had rather be counted the meanest citizen in ROME then being a banished man out of his contry to be called Emperor of the world And it is said that one of the chiefest causes which made him desire so much to be called home againe was the tender loue he bare vnto his mother that had brought him vp from the time of his fathers death vpon whom he cast all his loue and delite insomuch as after that his frends in SPAYNE had sent for him to come to be their Captaine and that he had bene a while among them receiuing newes that his mother was departed out of the world it so strake him to the hart that he had almost dyed for sorrowe For he lay seuen dayes together continually on the grounde weeping neuer gaue his souldiers the watch word nor would be seene of any of his frends vntil that the other noble men and Captaines of his owne estate came to him to his tent and were so importunate of him by intreaty and perswasion that they gotte him out of his tent to shew him selfe to his souldiers to speake to them to take order for his affayres which prospered very well By these signes many haue iudged that he was of a curteous and pityfull nature and that naturally he was geuen to be quiet and peaceable howbeit that he was forced of necessity to take charge of men of warre bicause he coulde not otherwise liue quietly nor safely being pursued by his enemies which would neuer let him rest and thereuppon entred into warre for his owne gard and safety The treaty selfe he made with king Mithridates argued his noble minde For when Mithridates whome Sylla had ouercomen was recouerd againe like a wrestler that being ouerthrowen getteth vp on his feete to trye an other fall with his enemy and tooke apon him to inuade ASIA Sertorius fame was then so great that he was spoken of through the world by marchauntes comming from the West who blew abroade the reporte therof al the East partes ouer euen into the realme of PONT like to marchandises which they went to seeke for in straunge contries Whereupon Mithridates being perswaded by the vaine vauntes of his fauored courtiers who compared Sertorius to Hanniball and him selfe vnto king Pyrrus saying that the ROMANES being set apon by them both could not withstand two such excellent natures great powers together when the noblest Captaine of the world should be ioyned with the greatest and most puisant Prince that euer was sent thereupon his Ambassadors into SPAYNE vnto Sertorius with full power and commission to promise him money and shippes towards the maintenaunce and charge of this warre in recompence whereof he desired that Sertorius would redeliuer him the possession of ASIA againe the which he had surrendred vp vnto the ROMANES apon the peace made betwext him and Sylla Sertorius hereupon called his counsell together which he termed the Senate to consult apon this matter And when they were all of opinion that he should accept Mithridates offers and were exceedingly glad of the same considering that they asked them nothing but a tide in the ayer and a name of things which were not in their power offring them therfore things present whereof they had greater neede yet would Sertorius neuer agree therunto Notwithstanding thus much he graunted Mithridates that he should enioy OHPPADOCIA
an other without any playing or vncomely talke In the middest of supper they that sought occasion of quarrell beganne to speake lewde wordes counterfeating to be dronke and to play many vile partes of purpose to anger Sertorius Whereuppon Sertorius whether it was that he coulde not abide to see those villanous partes or that he mistrusted their ill will towardes him by fumbling of their wordes in their mouthes and by their vnwonted irreuerent maner shewed vnto him fell backewards apon the bed where he sate at meate seeming no more to marke what they did or sayd Perpenna at that instant tooke a cuppe full of wine making as though he dranke let it fall of purpose The cuppe falling drowne made a noyse and that was the signe geuen among them Therewithall Antonius that sate aboue Sertorius at the table stabbed him in with his dagger Sertorius feeling the thrust stroue to rise but the traiterous murderer got vp on Sertorius brest held both his handes And thus was Sertorius cruelly murdered not able to defend him selfe all the conspirators falling apon him Sertorius death being blowen abroade the most parte of the SPANYARDS sent Ambassadors immediatly vnto Pompey and Metellus and yeelded them selues vnto them and Perpenna with those that remained with him attempted to doe some thing with Sertorius army and preparation But all fell out to his vtter destruction and ruine making the world know that he was a wicked man who could neither commaund nor knew how to obey For he went to assaile Pompey who had ouerthrowen him straight and was in the end taken prisoner And yet in that instant of his calamitie he did not vse him selfe like a valliant minded man and one worthy to rule for thinking to saue his life hauing Sertorius letters and wrytinges he offered Pompey to deliuer him all Sertorius letters sent him from the chiefest Senators of ROME wrytten with their owne handes requestinge Sertorius to bring his armie into ITALIE where he should finde numbers of people desirous of his comming and that gaped still for chaunge of gouernment But here did Pompey shewe him selfe a graue and no younge man deliueringe thereby the citie of ROME from great feare and daunger of chaunge and innouation For he put all Sertorius letters and wrytinges on a heape together and burnt them euery one without readinge any of them or sufferinge them to be red And moreouer he presently put Perpenna to death fearing he should name some which if they were named would breede new occasion of trouble sedition And as for the other conspirators some of thē afterwards were brought to Pompey who put them all to death and the rest of them fled into AFRICKS where they were all ouerthrowen by them of the contrie and not a man of them scaped but fell vnfortunately apon th edge of the sworde Aufidius only except Manlius companion in loue Who either bicause he was not reckened of or else vnknowen dyed an olde man in a pelting village of the barbarous people poore miserable and hated of all the world THE LIFE OF Eumenes DVris the Historiographer wryteth that Eumenes was borne in the citie of CARDIA in THRACIA being a cariers sonne of the same contrie who for pouertie earned his liuing by carying marchaundises to and fro and that he was notwithstanding honestly brought vp as well at schoole as at other comely exercises And furthermore how that he being but a boy Philip king of MACEDON chaunsing to come through the city of CARDIA where hauing nothing to do he tooke great pleasure to see the young men of the citie handle their weapons boyes to wrestle and among them Eumenes shewed such actiuitie and performed it with so good a grace withall that Philippe liked the boye well and tooke him away with him But sure their reporte seemeth truest which wryte that Philippe did aduaunce him for the loue he bare to his father in whose house he had lodged After the death of Philippe Eumenes continued his seruice with king Alexander his sonne where he was thought as wise a man as faithfull to his master as any and though he was called the Chaunceller or chiefe secretary yet the king did honor him as much as he did any other of his chiefest frendes familiars For he was sent his Lieutenaunt generall of his whole army against the INDIANS and was Perdiccas successor in the gouernment of his prouince Perdiccas being preferred vnto Hephaestions charge after his death Nowe bicause Neoptolemus that was one of the chiefe Squiers for the body vnto the king after the death of Alexander told the Lordes of the counsell of MACEDON that he had serued the king with his shield and speare and howe Eumenes had followed with his penne and paper the Lordes laughed him to scorne knowing that besides many great honors Eumenes had receiued the king esteemed so well of him that he did him the honor by mariage to make him his kinseman For the first Lady that Alexander knew in ASIA was Barsine Artabazus daughter by whom he had a sonne called his name Hevenles of two of her sisters he maried the one of them called Apama vnto Ptolomye her other sister also called Barsine he bestowed vpon Eumenes when he distributed the PERSIAN Ladies among his Lordes and familiars to marrie them Yet all this notwithstanding he often fell in disgrace with king Alexander stoode in some daunger by meanes of Hephaestion For Hephaestion following Alexanders courte on a time hauing appointed Euius a phiphe player a lodging which Eumenes seruauntes had taken vp for their maister Eumenes being in a rage went with one Mentor vnto Alexander crying out that a mā were better be a phiphe a common plaier of Tragedies then a souldier sithence such kinde of people were preferred before men of seruice that ventured their liues in the warres Alexander at that present time was as angrie as Eumenes roundly tooke vp Hephaestion for it howbeit immediatly after hauing chaunged his minde he was much offended with Eumenes bicause he thought him not to haue vsed that franke speech so much against Hephaestion as of a certaine presumptuous boldenes towardes him selfe And at an other time also when Alexander was sending Nearchus with his army by sea to cleere the coastes of the Occean it chaunsed the king was without money whereupon he sent to all his frendes to take vp money in prest and among others vnto Eumenes of whom he requested three hundred talentes Eumenes lent him but a hundred and sayd he had much a doe to get him so much of all his tenantes Alexander sayd nothing to him neither would he suffer them to take his hundred talentes but commaunded his officers to set Eumenes tent a fire bicause he would take him tardy with a lye before he could geue order to cary away his gold and siluer Thus was his tent burnt downe to the ground before they could
not tell where there came crowes vnto them that did guide them flying before them flying fast when they saw them follow them and stayed for them when they were behind But Callisthenes writeth a greater wonder then this that in the night time with the very noise of the crowes they brought them againe into the right waie which had lost their waie Thus Alexander in th end hauing passed through this wildernes he came vnto the temple he sought for where the prophet or chiefe priest saluted him from the god Hammon as from his father Then Alexander asked him if any of the murtherers that had killed his father were left aliue The priest aunswered him and bad him take heede he did not blaspheme for his father was no mortall man Then Alexander againe rehersing that he had spoken asked him if the murderers that had conspired the death of Philip his father were all punished After that he asked him touching his kingdome if he would graunt him to be king ouer all the world The god aunswered him by the mouth of his prophet he should and that the death of Philip was fully reuenged Then did Alexander offer great presentes vnto the god and gaue money large to the priests ministers of the temple This is that the most parte of writers doe declare touching Alexanders demaund and the oracles geuen him Yet did Alexander him selfe write vnto his mother that he had secret oracles from the god which he would onely impart vnto her at his retorne into MACEDON Others saie also that the prophet meaning to salute him in the Greeke tongue to welcome him the better would haue said vnto him O Paidion as much as deere sonne but that he tripped a litle in his tongue bycause the Greeke was not his naturall tongue and placed an s for an n in the latter ende saying O Pai dios to wit O sonne of Iupiter and that Alexander was glad of that mistaking Whereupon there ranne a rumor straight among his men that Iupiter had called him his sonne It is said also that he heard Psammon the philosopher in EGYPT and that he liked his wordes very well when he saide that god was king of all mortall men For ê™ he he that commaundeth all things must needes be god But Alexander selfe spake better and like philosopher when he said That god generally was father to all mortall men but that particularly he did elect the best sorte for him selfe To conclude he shewed him selfe more arrogant vnto the barbarous people and made as though he certainly beleued that he had bene begotten of some god but vnto the GRAECIANS he spake more modestly of diuine generation Porin a letter he wrote vnto the ATHENIANS touching the citie of SAMOS he said I gaue ye not that noble free citie but it was geuen you at that time by him whom they called my Lord father meaning Philip. Afterwardes also being striken with an arrow and feeling great paine of it My frendes said he This blood which is spilt is mans blood and not as Homer said No such as from the immortall gods doth flovv And one day also in a maruelous great thunder when euery man was afraid Anaxarcbus the Rethoritian being present said vnto him O thou sonne of Iupiter wilt thou doe as much no said he laughing on him I will no be so fearefull to my frends as thou wouldest haue me disdaining the seruice of fishe to my borde bycause thou seest not princes heades serued in And the report goeth also that Alexander vpon a time sending a litle fishe vnto Hephes 〈…〉 Anaxarchus should saye as it were in mockery that they which aboue others seeke for 〈…〉 with great trouble and hazard of life haue either small pleasure in the world or els 〈…〉 as others haue By these proofes and reasons alleaged we maie thinke that Alexander lead no vaine nor presumptuous opinion of him selfe to thinke that he was otherwise begotten of a god but that he did it in policie to kepe other men vnder obedience by the opinion conceiued of his godhead Retorning out of PHOENICIA into EGYPT he made many sacrifices feastes and precessions in honor of the goddes sondry daunces Tragedies and such like pastimes goodly to behold not onely for the sumptuous serring out of them but also for the good will and diligence of the setters forth of them which striued euery one to exceede the other For the kings of the CYPRIANS were the setters of them forth as at ATHENS they dâ—aâ—â— by lot a citizen of euery tribe of the people to defraie the changes of these pastimes These kinges were very earnest who should doe best but specially Nicocreon king of SALAMDAâ—â—â— CYPRVS and Pasicrates Lord of the citie of SOLES For it fell to their lot to fournish run of the excellentest plaiers Pasicrates fournished Athenodorus and Nicocreon Thessalus whom Alexander loued singulerly well though he made no shew of it vntill that Athenodorus was declared victor by the iudges deputed to geue sentence For when he went from the plaies he told them he did like the iudges opinion well notwithstanding he would haue bene extented to haue geuen the one halfe of his realme not to haue seene Thessalus ouercome Athenodorus being condemned vpon a time by the ATHENIANS bycause he was not in ATHENS at the feastes of Bacchus when the Comedies and Tragedies were plaied and a fine set of his head for his absence he besought AlexaÌ„der to write vnto them in his behalfe that they would release his penalty Alexander would not so doe but sent thether his money whereof he was condemned and paide it for him of his owne purse Also when Lycon SCALPHIAN an euedlent stage player had pleased Alexander well and did foiste in a verse in his comedy conteining a petition of tenne talents Alexander laughing at it gaue it him Darius at that time wrote vnto Alexander and vnto certen of his frendes also to pray him take tenne thousand tallentes for the raumson of all those prisoners he had in his handes and for all the contrie landes and signories on this side the riuer of Euphrates and one of his daughters also in mariage that from thence forth he might be his kinsman and frend Alexander imparted this to his counsell Amongest them Parmenio said vnto him if I were Alexander ê™ he surely I would accept this offer So would I in deede ê™ Alexander againe if I were Parmenio In fine he 〈…〉 againe vnto Darius that if he would submit him selfe he would vse him courteously if not that then he would presently marche towardes him But he repented him afterwardes when king Darius wife was dead with childe For without dissimulation it greeued him much that he had lost so noble an occasion to shew his courtesie and clemencie This notwithstanding he gaue her body honorable buriall sparing for no cost Amongest the Eunuches of the queenes chamber there was one Tireus taken prisoner among the
and wished Brutus only their Prince and Gouernour aboue all other they durst not come to him them selues to tell him what they woulde haue him to doe but in the night did cast sundrie papers into the Praetors seate where he gaue audience and the most of them to this effect Thou sleepest Brutus and art not Brutus in deede Cassius finding Brutus ambition slurred vp the more by these seditious billes did pricke him forwarde and egge him on the more for a priuate quarrell he had conceiued against Caesar the circumstance whereof we haue sette downe more at large in Brutus life Caesar also had Cassius in great gelouzie and suspected him much whereuppon he sayed on a time to his frendes what will Cassius doe thinke ye I like not his pale lookes An other time when Caesars frendes complained vnto him of Antonius and Dolabella that they pretended some mischiefe towardes him he aunswered them againe as for those fatte men and smooth comed heades q he I neuer reckon of them but these pale visaged and carian leane people I feare them most meaning Brutus and Cassius Certainly destenie may easier be foreseene then auoyded considering the straunge wonderfull signes that were sayd to be seene before Caesars death For touching the fires in the element and spirites running vp and downe in the night and also these solitarie birdes to be seene at noone dayes sittinge in the great market place are not all these signes perhappes worth the noting in such a wonderfull chaunce as happened But Strabo the Philosopher wryteth that diuers men were seene going vp and downe in fire and furthermore that there was a slaue of the souldiers that did cast a maruelous burning flame out of his hande insomuch as they that saw it thought he had bene burnt but when the fire was out it was found he had no hurt Caesar selfe also doing sacrifice vnto the goddes found that one of the beastes which was sacrificed had no hart and that was a straunge thing in nature how a beast could liue without a hart Furthermore there was a certaine Soothsayer that had geuen Caesar warning long time affore to take heede of the day of the Ides of Marche which is the fifteenth of the moneth for on that day he shoulde be in great daunger That day beng come Caesar going vnto the Senate house and speaking merily to the Soothsayer tolde him the Ides of Marche he come so be they softly aunswered the Soothsayer but yet are they not past And the very day before Caesar supping with Marcus Lepidus sealed certaine letters as he was wont to do at the bord so talke falling out amongest them reasoning what death was best he preuenting their opinions cried out alowde death vnlooked for Then going to bedde the same night as his manner was and lying with his wife Calpurnia all the windowes and dores of his chamber flying open the noyse awooke him and made him affrayed when he saw such lights but more when he heard his wife Calpurnia being fast a sleepe weepe and sigh and put forth many fumbling lamentable speaches For she dreamed that Caesar was slaine and that she had him in her armes Others also doe denie that she had any suche dreame as amongest other Titus Liuius wryteth that it was in this sorte The Senate hauing set vpon the toppe of Caesars house for an ornament and setting foorth of the same a certaine pinnacle Calpurnia dreamed that she sawe it broken downe and that she thought she lamented and wepe for it Insomuch that Caesar rising in the morning she prayed him if it were possible not to goe out of the dores that day but to adiorne the session of the Senate vntill an other day And if that he made no reckoning of her dreame yet that he woulde searche further of the Soothsayers by their sacrifices to knowe what should happen him that day Thereby it seemed that Caesar likewise did feare and suspect somewhat bicause his wife Calpurnia vntill that time was neuer geuen to any feare or supersticion and then for that he saw her so troubled in minde with this dreame she had But much more afterwardes when the Soothsayers hauing sacrificed many beastes one after an other tolde him that none did like them then he determined to sende Antonius to adiorne the session of the Senate But in the meane time came Decius Brutus surnamed Albinus in whom Caesar put such confidence that in his last will and testament be had appointed him to be his next heire and yet was of the conspiracie with Cassius and Brutus he fearing that if Caesar did adiorne the session that day the conspiracie woulde out laughed the Soothsayers to scorne and reproued Caesar saying that he gaue the Senate occasion to mislike with him and that they might thinke he mocked them considering that by his commaundement they were assembled and that they were readie willingly to graunt him all thinges and to proclaime him king of all the prouinces of the Empire of ROME out of ITALIE and that he should weare his Diadeame in all other places both by sea and land And furthermore that if any man should tell them from him they should departe for that present time and returne againe when Calpurnia shoulde haue better dreames what would his enemies and ill willers say and how could they like of his frendes wordes And who could perswade them otherwise but that they would thinke his dominion a slauerie vnto them and tirannicall in him selfe And yet if it be so sayd he that you vtterly mislike of this day it is better that you goe your selfe in person and saluting the Senate to dismisse them till an other time Therewithall he tooke Caesar by the hand and brought him out of his house Caesar was not gone farre from his house but a bondman a straunger did what he could to speake with him and when he sawe he was put backe by the great prease and multitude of people that followed him he went straight vnto his house and put him selfe into Calpurnides handes to be kept till Caesar came backe againe telling her that he had great matters to imparte vnto him And one Artemidorus also borne in the I le of GNIDOS a Doctor of Rethoricke in the Greeke tongue who by meanes of his profession was verie familliar with certaine of Brutus confederates and therefore knew the most parte of all their practises against Caesar came brought him a litle bill wrytten with his owne hand of all that he ment to tell him He marking howe Caesar receiued all the supplications that were offered him and that he gaue them straight to his men that were about him pressed neerer to him and sayed Caesar reade this memoriall to your selfe and that quickely for they be matters of great waight and touche you neérely◠Caesar tooke it of him but coulde neuer reade it though he many times attempted it for the number of people that did salute him but
when they will finely conuey the hardnes of the speeche to say he is dead When night was comen and that he was going homeward as he came through the market place the people did wayte vpon him no more with silence as before but with great cryes of his praise and clapping of handes in euery place he went and called him Sauior and second fownder of ROME Besides all this at euery mans dore there were lynckes and torches lighted that it was as light in the streetes as at noone dayes The very women also did put lights out of the toppes of their houses to doe him honor and also to see him so nobly brought home with such a long trayne of the chiefest men of the citie of the which many of them had ended great warres for the which they had triumphed and had obteyned many famous conquests to the Empire of ROME both by sea and land confessing betwene them selues one to another that the ROMANES were greatly bound to many Captaines and generalls of armies in their time for the wonderfull riches spoyles and increase of their power which they had wonne howbeit that they were to thanke Cicero onely for their health and preseruation hauing saued them from so great and extreme a daunger Not for that they thought it so wonderfull an acte to haue striken dead the enterprise of the conspirators and also to haue punished the offenders by death but bicause the conspiracie of Catilin being so great and daungerous an insurrection as euer was any he had quenched it and pluck it vp by the rootes with so small hurt and without vprore trouble or actuall sedition For the most part of them that were gathered together about Catiline when they heard that Lentulus and all the rest were put to death they presently forsooke him and Catiline him selfe also fighting a battell with them he had about him against Antonius the other Consul with Cicero he was slayne in the fielde and all his armie defeated This notwithstanding there were many that spake ill of Cicero for this facte and ment to make him repent it hauing for their heades Caesar who was already chosen Praetor for the yeare to come Metellus and Bestia who should also be chosen Tribunes They so soone as they were chosen Tribunes would not once suffer Cicero to speake to the people notwithstanding that he was yet in his office of Consul for certaine dayes And furthermore to let him that he should not speake vnto the people they did set their benches vpon the pulpit for orations which they call at ROME Rostra and would neuer suffer him to set foote in it but onely to resigne his office and that done to come downe againe immediatly He graunted thereunto and went vp to the pulpit vpon that condition So silence being made him he made an othe not like vnto other Consuls othes when they resigne their office in like manner but straunge and neuer heard of before swearing that he had saued the citie of ROME and preserued all his contry and the Empire of ROME from vtter ruine and destruction All the people that were present confirmed it and sware the like othe Wherewithall Caesar and the other Tribunes his enemies were so offended with him that they deuised to breede him some new sturre trouble amongest others they made a decree that Pompey should be sent for with his army to bridle the tyranny of Cicero Cato who at that time was also Tribune did him great pleasure in the furtherance of the common wealth opposing him selfe against all their practises with the like authoritie and power that they had being a Tribune and brother with them and of better estimation then they So that he did not onely easily breake all their deuises but also in a goodly oration he made in a full assembly of the people he so highly praised and extolled Ciceroes Consulship vnto them and the thinges he did in his office that they gaue him the greatest honors that euer were decreed or graunted vnto any man liuing For by decree of the people he was called father of the contry as Cato him selfe had called him in his oration the which name was neuer giuen to any man but onely vnto him also he bare greater swaye in ROME at the time then any man beside him This notwithstanding he made him selfe enuyed and misliked of many men not for any ill acte he did or ment to doe but onely bicause he did too much boast of him selfe For he neuer was in any assembly of people Senate or iudgement but euery mans head was full still to heare the sound of Catulus and Lentulus brought in for sporte and filling the bookes and workes he compiled besides full of his owne prayses the which made his sweete and pleasant stile tedious and troublesom to those that heard them as though this misfortune euer followed him to take away his excellent grace But nowe though he had this worme of ambition and extreme couetous desire of honor in his head yet did he not malice or enuy any others glory but would very franckly praise excellent men as well those that had bene before him as those that were in his time And this appeareth plainly in his writings They haue written also certaine notable wordes he spake of some auncient men in olde time as of Aristotle that he was like a golden flowing riuer and of Plato that if Iupiter him selfe would speake he would speake like him and of Theophrastus he was wont to call him his delight of Demosthenes orations when one asked him on a time which of them he liked best the longest saide he There be diuers writers also who to shewe that they were great followers of Demosthenes doe followe Ciceroes saying in a certaine epistle he wrote vnto one of his friends wherein he said that Demosthenes slept in some of his orations but yet they forget to tel how highly he praised him in that place and that he calleth the orations which he wrote against Antonius in the which he tooke great paines and studied more then all the rest PHILIPPIANS to followe those which Demosthenes wrote against Philip king of MACEDON Furthermore there was not a famous man in all his tyme either in eloquence or in learning whose fame he hath not commended in writing or otherwise in honorable speech of him For he obteyned of Caesar when he had the Empire of ROME in his handes that Cratippus the PERIPATETICKE Philosopher was made Citizen of ROME Further he procured that by decree of the court of the Areopagites he was intreated to remaine at ATHENS to teach and instruct the youth there for that he was a great honor ornament vnto their city There are extant also of Ciceroes epistles vnto Herodes others vnto his sonne willing him to follow Crattipus in his studie and knowledge He wrote an other letter also vnto Gorgias the Rethoritian and
Irenes Melirenes The â—â—eeuerie of the Lacedaemonians Straight dyet causeth groeth and height Childrens exercise afect their supper The LacedamoniaÌ„s manner of liuing Short speache taught among the Lacedaemonians Lycurgus wise aunswere Lycurgus loue to god To geue a haÌ„d is to consesse him self ouercome Shorte sentences of certaint Laconians Leonidus Charilaus Archidamidas Shaâ—e sentences of the Laconians Demaratus Agis Theopompus Plistonax Pausanias sonne Archidamidas In the life of Agesilous The Lacedaemonians songes Three daunces among the Lacedaemonians Terpander of the Lacedaemonians Pyndarus of the Lacedaemonians The longe bushes and beare of the Laconians How the Laconians beganne battell The LaconiaÌ„s songe when they marched Eust. Ilia 15. How save the Lacedaemonians dyd pursue their enemies Lycurgus a very good captaine Oulames The LaconiaÌ„s opinion to serue their countrie The rest and leysure of the Lacedaemonians Idie liuers punished at Athens Sutes in lawe went aways with golde siluer that was banished How they spâ—o the time in Sparta The Lacedaemonians liued not priuately to them selues in the comm'd weale Paedaretus saying The manner of choosing the Senate in Sparta VVhat was done the Senatour being chosen The manner of buriall with the Lacedaemonians The time of mourning None allowed to trauell into other couÌ„tries without licence No straungers suffered to dwell in Sparta Cryptia with the Lacedaemonians The cruelty of the Lacedaemonians against the Ilotes Diodorus lib. 2. Plato in Timaeo Lycurgus wonderfull counsell in stablishing his lawes Lycurgus death Sparta florished fiue hundred yeres Lycurgus lawes were broke in king Agis time by Lysanders meanes Money corrupteth Lycurgus Lawes See more in Lysaders life Lysander brought in richer againe into Sparta Theopompus wordes of obeying and commauÌ„ding Good gouernmeÌ„t breedeth due obedieÌ„ce Antisthenes Socrates schollers wordes The foundation of a common weale Diuine honours to Lycurgus after his death Antiorus Lycurgus â—â—â—â—â— In what time Numa â—â—â— Cicero de Or. 2. Tuscâ—l 4. Lius Hâ—lic lib. 2. VVhether Pythagoras had any conversation with Numa Pythagoras the seconde a Spartan borne taught Numa at Rome The death of Romulus In the life of Romulus he is named Trocolus â— Dissention as Rome about choosing of their King. Liuie sayeth but a hundred Dionysius 200. Plutar. in the life of Romulus agreeth with Dionysius Interregnum Numa chosen King. Numa borne in the cittie of Cures Quirites why so called The life and manners of Numa before his raigne Tatia the wife of Numa Numa conuersant with the goddesse Egeria Goddes familliar with men VVho are beloued of the goddes Proclus and Velesus ambassadours to offer Numa the kingdom The orasion of Numa to the abassadours refusing to be King. Numa beginneth his kingdome with seruice of the goddes Numa was consecrated by the Augures The garde of Celeres discharged by Numa Flamen Quirinalis instituted of Numa Numa inducent ciuill quiet life Plato de Rep. lib. 2. Numa and Pythagoras institutions muche a like Numa worshipped Tacita one of the Muses Pythagoras taught his schollers to kept silence Pythagoras opinion of god Numa forbad images of God. Proofes for the conuersation of Numa and Pythagoras Numa instituteth Bishoppes Pontifices why so called The wodden bridge as Rome The highe bishoppe The institution of the Vestall Nunnes The holy and immortal fire How the holy fire is drawen from the pure flame of the sunne See the life of Camillus touching the Vestall Nunnes The Vestalls prerogatius The punishment of the Vestall Nunnes The temple of Vesta represenseth the figure of the worlde VVhere the fire abideth The manner of buriall Libitina honored at funeralls The time of mourning Salâ—i Feciales Pluto Probl. 62. Gell. lib. 16 c.4 Feciales called Irenophylaces Irenen a quarrell pacified with reason without the sword Rome taken by the Gaules See Camillus Life The institution of the Salij A target from heauen VVhereof they were called Salij Ancylia whereof so called Regia the Kings palace The manner of the Romaines worshipping of the goddes The Pythagorians opinion touching prayer Hoc age a watcheword to tend diuine seruice The similitude of Numa and Pythagoras precepts By what means Numa made the Romaines quiet and gentle The wonders of Numa Numaes speaking with Iupiter Picus Fannus The purifying of thunder Ilicium the name of the place Numa buylded temples to Faythe and Terme Numa made the boundes of the territorie of Rome Numa aduaunceth jillage Numa deuided his people into sundrie occupations Numa tooke away the factions of Romulus and Tatius The ordinaunce of the moneths of Numaes institution Macrob. 1. Sarâ—r 13. The yere diuersely counted * Peraduenture ye must read in the Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is to saye of the name of Iuno * Some olde Grecian copies saye in this place marg 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as much to saye as for the deade VVhy Ianus is painted with two faces At what time the temple of Ianus is thus in Rome Liu. lib. 1. The Romains had us warres in al Nunaes time Platoes saying concerning the felicitie of a coÌ„mon weale Numaes tiues and posteritie Pompilia Numaes daughter Pompilia maried to Caius Martius Corislanus Martius the Sabyne made Sunatouar at Rome Ancus Martius the sonne of Caius Martius Coviolanus The death of Numa Numaes bookes VVhy the Pythagoriâ—agrave left nothing in writing 12. bookes of priesthood 12. bookes of philosophie Good men praysed after their death The misfortunes of Numaes successours Hostilius The vertues of Numa and Lycurgus were alike but their deeds diuers VVhat things were harde to Lycurgus Slaues sai with their master as Saturnes feasts Macrob. Satur lib. 1. Diuers causes of the diuersitie of institutions of Numa and Lycurgus Description of their people Reason for mariages Numaes order for maidens the better The Laconians were to manly The Romaine women very modest The first diuorce aâ— Rome Howe much education and discipline is worthe Arist. polit 8. How Lycurgus lawes were stablished VVhy Numaes orders dyed Why Numa is to be preferred before Lycurgus Solons linage Great friendshipp betâ—ixâ— Solon Pisistratus A statute for bondmen Solon gaue him selfe in youth to trade marchauÌ„dise Solons iudgemeÌ„t of riches The commodities of merchandise A marchauns builded Massilia Thales Hippocrates Plato all marchaunts Pouerty with vertue better than riches How Solon vsed his poetrie Solon delited in morall but not in naturall philosophie Hellens three footed stoole of gold draweÌ„ vp in a drag net The rare modesty of the wise men Anacharsis and Solons meeting Anacharsis saying of Solons written lawes Solons talke with Thales at Miletum about mariage for hauing of children VVe should not let to get things necessarie fearing to lose them Cybistus Thales adopted sonne The instinct of naturall loue Proclamation vpon paâ—ne of death no man so moâ—e the counsell for the title of Salamina Solon fained madnes to recouer Salamina Solons Elegies of the Salaminians Of the temple of Venus Coliade Sâ—ab lib 4. â—â—rsan of the Athenians Solons stratageames Solon wanne Salamina Great stryfe betwext
tombe built in the market place The coÌ„parison of Timoleon and Paulus AEmylius for the vvarres The woÌ„derful continencie of AEmylius from bribes Not to take giftes commended for a singular vertue AEmylius Constancie for exceeded Timoleons To be so bold veÌ„turous is not good The aunswere of a souldierâ— to king Antigonus Diuers opinions of life death why the Greecians do punish him that casteth away his target Iphicrates comparison of an armie of men A lieutenant of an armie must be careful to saue him selfe Timotheus saying Pelopidas Marcellus lost both their liues by to much venturing Pelopidas stock liberalitie Aristotles saying of rich men Pelopidas saying for the necessitie of monie The persit frendshippe betwixt Pelopidas Epaminondas The true cause of frendshippe Agesipolis king of the Lacedaemonians Cadmea the castel of Thebes taken by Phebidas captaine of the Lacedaemonians Ismenias death Pelopidas Pherenicus and Androclidas banished from Thebes Archias and Leontidas gouerners of Thebes vnder the Lacedaemonians Androclidas slayne The thanckfulnes of the Athenians vnto the Thebans Pelopidas counsel for the libertie of the Thebans Conspiracie against the Lacedaemonians for the libertie of Thebes Charon kept promise with daunger of life Pelopidas coÌ„meth into Thebes disgised in cloynes apparel Philidas secretary to the tyrans Pelopidas daunger Archias Bishop of AtheÌ„s bewraieth the treason to Archias in a letter VVeighty matters to morrow Prou. Pelopidas killeth the tyrans The Liberty of the Thebans restored Pelopidas receiueth the Castell of Cadmea by Composition Pelopidas ouerthrewe the seigniorie of the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas policy to make the Athenians fall out againe with the Lacedaemonians The Thebans exercise in armes Antalcidas saying to king Agesilaus The victory of Thebans against the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas victory of the Lacedaemonians at the battlle of Tegyra Melas ft. Latona brought to bed betwene two springes called the Palme and the Oliue Pelopidas victorie What enemies are moste terrible to be feared The first institution of the holie bande Men louing together fight desperately against their enemies Hercules Iolaus loue Platoes saying of a louer The Goddesse Harmonia Cleombrotus king of the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas princely aunsweare Se what plagues folowe where iustice is denied Pelopidas dreame vision in the fieldes of Leuetrea Agesileus dreame Godly sayings concerning God. Gods prouidence and sodaine ayde The filly slaine sacrificed The battell at Leuctres The cause of the ouerthrow of the Lacedaemonians Pelopidas and Epaminondas victorie at the battaile of Leuctres Pelopidas Epaminondas iorney into Peloponesus being both gouernors of Boeotia Apenall lawe at Thebes for resigning vp of offices at the yeers end Pelopidas Epaminondas went ouer the riuer of Eurotas with 70. thousand meÌ„ The ingratitude of the Thebans toward Pelopidas and Epaminondas The Lawe Boucation Epaminondas patience Pelopidas coÌ„demneth Meneclidas a seditious orator and accuser The practise of spitefull men Our forefathers did paint and set forth their battailes Alexander the tyran of Pheres Larissa a city Philip of Macedon deliuered for ostage vnto Pelopidas Pelopidas taken prisonner by the tyran Alexander at Pharsale Pelopidas stoutnes Thebe the wife of Alexander the tyran Epaminondas sent into Thessalie with an army The brutishe cruelty of Alexander the tyran Epaminondas deliuered Pelopidas out of prison Artaxerxes king of Persia Pelopidas sent Ambassador to the king of Persia Pelopidas greatly honored of the king of Persia. Pelopidas refused the great giftes of the kinge Artaxerxes Timagoras Ambassador for the Athenians put to death for taking great giftes of the kinge of Persia Pelopidas second iourney against the tyran AlexaÌ„der of Pheres The eclipse of the sunne made the Thebans afraid Battaâ—ll geuen by the temple of Thetis vnto the tyran Alexander Pelopidas slaine The great lamentacion mourning for Pelopidas death The oration of the ThessaliaÌ„s to the Thebans The strange manner of sorowe of Alexander the great for the death of Ephestion Pelopidas happines Esops sayinge of the happines of the dead Death a blessed thing The Thebans reuenged Pelopidas death Alexander the tyran of Pheres slaine by his wife Alexander the tyran of Pheres was the first tyran that was slaine by his wife Marcellus kinred Marcellus condicions The Romaines troubled with warres Marcellus saved his brother Octacilius Marcellus chosen AEdilis and Augure Marcellus accuseth Capitolinus The Romaines had warres with the Carthaginians two twenty yeres together The warre of the Gaules Gessates mercenary Gaules A lawe to exempt ecclesiasticall persone froÌ„ the warr The Romaines did feare the warre of the Gaules Men and women buried aliue Flaminius P. Furius Consulls Newes brought to Rome of strange things seene in Romania Flaminius ouercome the Gaules in battayle The great religion of the Romaines An ordinance for publike sacrifice Marcellus Cneus Cornelius Consulls The Gaules Gessates make warres with Rome and come ouer the Alpes Acerres a city apon the riuer of Po. Clastidium a village or this side the mountaines The maner of the Romaines when they worship The combat a horsebacke betwixt Britomarus king of the Gaules and Marcellus Marcellus slue king Britomaerus as Clastidium Marcellus prayer vnto Iupiter Feretrian The Gaule ouercome by Marcellus Marcellus wanne the city of Millaine Marcellus triumphe Marcellus offeringe up of his rich spoiles The three persones that offered vp Spolia opima in Rome Romulus Cossus Marceâ—us Iupiter Feretrian why so called Spolia opima what they be Marcellus sent into Sicile with an army Posidonius wordes of Fabius Marcellus Lucius Bandius of Nola a valliant man. Marcellus gentlenes Reward made Bandius a true subiect Marcellus victorie of Hanniball at Nola. Marcellus proconsull Certaine Spanyards and Numidians are reuolted from Hannibal Marcellus the third time Consull sent into Sicile The seuerity of the Romaines to cowardly souldiers Cowardes detested of the Romaines Hippocrates generall of the Syracusans Marcellus wanne the city of the Leontines Marcellus besiegeth Syracusa Archimedes a notable mathematician Architas and Eudoxus famous Mathematicians VVhy Plato reproued Eudoxus and Architas Archimedes with an engine drew one of the greatest hackes Hieron the king had a shore The woÌ„derful force of Archimedes engines as Marcellus siege of Syrcusa Marcellus Sambuca Marcellus wondred as Archimedes engynes Archimedes profowndely learned Archimedes Siren. Archimedes demonstracion of the Cylinder Marcellus victories in Sicile Danippus a LacedaemoniaÌ„ Captaine taken prisoner Marcellus winneth Syracusa Acradina Marcellus gentlenes Rich spoyled at Syracusa Archimedes mathematiciaÌ„ slaine in his study Marcellus clemency Engyivm a city in Sicile Nicias craft Marcellus the first that brought in finenes curious tables and pictures into Rome of the spoyles of Syracusa Marcellus entreth into Rome with Ouation triumphe VVhos the Ouation triumphe is Ouation whereof it is called The sacrifices of the quiet triumphe The sacrifices of the litle triumphe Ouation The differeÌ„ces betwixt the Spartans and Romaines in their sacrifices for victorie The Syracusans accuse Marcellus Marcellus being Consull aunswered the Syracusans accusations as a
priuate man. Marcellus constancy Marcellus curtesie to the Syracusans Marcellus actes against Hanniball in his fourth Consullship Cneus Fuluius viceconsull slaine in Apulia by Hanniball Marcellus fought a battell with Hanniball at Numistron in Apulia The Dictator chosen by the Consull or Praetor not by the people nor Senate VVhereof Dictator commeth Quintus Fuluius chosen Dictator by the people Marcellus Proconsull Hannibals oration to his souldiers Marcellus stratageame Marcellus ouercome in battell by Hanniball Marcellus had wordes vnto his souldiers Hannibals wordes of Marcellus Battell betwixt Hanniball and Marcellus The worthy act of Flauius Tribunus milium Marcellus victory of Hannibal Hanniball lay in garrison in the city of Sinuesse in Campania P. Bibulus Tribune of the people accuseth Marcellus Circus Flaminius Marcellus chosen Consul the fift time The temples of honor and vertue built by Marcellus VVonderfull signes were seene in Rome vnfortunate to Marcellus Marcellus three score yeare olde beinge chosen Consull the fift time Q. Crispinus Consull Hanniball lay betwixt the cities of Bancia and Venousa Mons Petelium An ambush layd by Hanniball Ill signes to Marcellus Quintus Crispinus fellowe Consull with Marcellus Marcellus slaine in an ambush at the hill of Pâ—â—elie The Consull Crispinus slaine Marcellus funerall honored by Hanniball Marcellus monuments Marcellus posterity Pelopidas Marcellus actes in wars Marcellus actes preferred before Pelopidas The maner of Marcellus Pelopidas deedes Marcellus made the Romaines coragious Rashneâ— in a Captaine deserueth blame The valliantnes and obedience of Chrysantas a souldier Plutarch excuseth his free speech and Iudgement of these famous men Pelopidas Marcellus funeralls vnlike Aristides wealth Good men may take giftes but after a sorie Damon banished bicause he was to wise Socrates was not poore Aristocratia what it signifieth Aristides and Themistocles enemies in the common wealth Themistocles disposition Aristides nature Themistocles saying for partiality Aristides maner of dealing in the common wealth Barathrum a prison or dungeon Aristides constancy Aristides iustice Aristides wise saying Aristides chosen treasorer Themistocles couetously geuen Aristides accused condemned for abusing his office Aristides fine released and he made treasorer againe Aristides openly reproueth close theeues in the coÌ„mon wealth and detesteth their praise Miltiades chiefe of the ten Captaines that went against Dathis the king of Persiaes Lieutenant Miltiades victory of the Parsians The wicked parte of Callias the torche bearer Aristides chosen prouost of Athens Aristides called the Iust. The praise of iustice Authority would be with out corruptioÌ„ Themistocles enuieth Aristides iustice Aristides banished with the Ostracismon The nature of the Ostracismon Hyperbolus the last man banished with the Ostracismon The cause of Hyperbolus banishment A description of the Ostracismon A tale of a plaine man that came to Aristides with his shell to pray him to write Aristides name in it Aristides called from exile Aristides acts and councells against kinge Xerxes Aristides wordes of Themistocles Aristides victory as Psyttalea Aristides wise counsell for Xerxes flying out of Greece A stratageame of Themistocles Xerxes left Mardonius his Lieutenant in Greece with 300000. men The noble minde of the Athenians Aristides Lieutenant generall of the AtheniaÌ„s against Mardonius Pausanias king of Lacedaemon generall of all Greece Asopus flu Oracles of the victory of Plateas The Nymphes Sphragitides Arymnestus dreame The magnanimity of the Plataeians Alexander the great doth honor the Plateians for their noble mindes Strife betwene the Athenians Tegeates Aristides wisely pacifieth the mutinie The conspiracy of the rich noble men of Athens Mount Cithaeron Masistius generall of the horsemen of the Persians Masistius slaine by the Athenians Alexander kinge of Macedon reuealeth the Persian secrete counsell vnto Aristides The treason of the Thebans The stubbornnes of Amompharetus Captaine of the Lacedaemonians The battell of the GreeciaÌ„s with the Persians at the city of Plataees Callicrates slaine without fighting Note the obedience of the Spartan souldiers vnto death Barteâ—â—l betwixt the Greecians Persians The Greecian victorie of the Persians as Platees Mardonius slaine of Arimnestus a Spartan with a blow of a stone Two hundred and three score thousand Persians slain A thowsande three hundred three score Greecians slaine Strife betwixt the AtheniaÌ„s and Lacedaemonians for honor of the victory Corinthe the third city of estimacion in Greece Sparta Athens Corinthe The Greecians graâ—â—nt the honor of the victory vnto the Plataeians The wonderfull speede of Euchidas the Plataeian a foâ—â—e Diana Euclia Euchidas death A generall counsell holden at the city of Plataees Solemne sacrifices and funeralls kepe by the Plataeians yerely for the Greecians that were slaine as the battaill of Plataees Aristides preferreth the popular state A wicked deuise of Themistocles Aristides sentence apon Themistocles deuise The iustice of the AtheniaÌ„s Aristides and Cimon generalls of the Athenians against the barbarous people Aristides iustice and vertue tooke from the Lacedaemonians all their rule and authority in Greece Pausanias proude and couetous Pausanias cruell punishing of his souldiers Aristides fine triall of traytors The rebellious act of Vliades and Antagoras against Pausanias The temperance of the Lacedaemonians Aristides did sesse the cities of GREECE Aristides a true cesser Tauntes betwixt Themistocles and Aristides Aristides preferred necessity of time before law reason Aristides gloried in his pouerty A hard thing to away with pouerty VVho may be ashamed of pouerty Aristides coÌ„mended of Plato Aristides temperance vnto Themistocles Aristides death Aristides coÌ„demned for extorcion Aristides tombe The Athenians thankefulnes vnto Aristides children Myrto Aristides daughters daughter maried vnto Socrates The Athenians commended for their liberality Cato called an vpstare The definition of this worde Cato Catoes maners and life Cato an excellent orator Cato a souldier at 17. yeares of age A grimme looke geueth terror to the enemy This Manius Curius ouerthrew kinge Pyrrus being generall of the Tarâ—â—inas Cato the elder wondered as the thrifâ—nes of Manius Curius The moderacion of Manius Curius Nearchus the Pythagorian Philosopher Caenes scholemaister Platâ—â—s opinion of pleasure Cato learned the Greeke tongue in his olde age Cato profited most by Demosthenes eloquence Valerius Flaccus a great wise man. Catoes strauÌ„ge life Cato goeth to Rome by Valerius Flaccus perswasion Cato chosen Tribunus militum Catoes offices in the Senate Cato followed Fabius Maximus Catoes emulacion with Scipio the great Cato beinge treasorer vnder Scipio Afrikan reproued him for his wastfull expences Cato accuseth Scipio of riot Catoes eloquence his continent life and extreame paynes Catoes wonderfull thrift Catoes sharpnes Gentlenesse goeth further then iustice Gentlenesse to be vsed vnto brute beastes A gentle lawe made by the Athenians in fauer of their laboringe moyles Xanthippus buried his dogge that swame by his gallyes side from Athens to Salamina and dyed wheÌ„ he landed Catoes straight life Cato Praetor in Sardinia Catoes neerenes in his circuite Catoes seuerity Catoes speech and writing Catoes sayinges Themistocles saying Honor nourisheth â—â—ie Cato
Xenophon great about Agesilaus marg The practise of Lysander about alteratioÌ„ of gouernment The wise conÌ„sell of a Senatour at Sparta The policie of Agesilaus to win his enemies Agesilaus Agesipolis kinges of Lacedaemon Teleutias Agesilaus halfe brother made Generall of the army by sea Certaine Apothegmes of Agesilaus * Meaning that he was not well in his wittes to be so presumptuous Agesilaus ouercome the Acarnanians Antalcidas peace Phoebidas possesseth the castel of Cadmea Agesilaus praise of iustice Sphodrias practise to take the hauen of Pirâ—a at Athens Sphodrias accused of treason Home Sphodrias was saued froÌ„ death Agesilaus cockering his children too much Agesilaus iorney into Boeotia Antalcidas saying Rhetra of Lycurgus Agesilaus suâ—till deuise to shewe the weakenes of the allies Agesilaus sell sodainly sicke of a daungerous disease Epaminondas the Theban sent Ambassador vnto Lacedaemon The strife betwext Agesilaus and Epaminondas for the libertie of Boeotia The Lacedaemonians slaine at the battell of Leuctres Cleombrotus king of the Lacedaemonians slaine Cleonymus the sonne of Sphodrias slaine at king Cleombrotus foote Xenophons saying The constancy and fortitude of the Spartans The fortitude of the Spartan women Tresantas be cowardes or faint harted men Punishment at Sparta for cowardly souldiers Epaminondas inuadeth Laconia with three score ten thowsande men Certaine witty aunswers Conspiracies at Lacedaemon vnder Agesilaus Issorium the temple of Diana A fine deuise to apprehende the traitors The departure of the Thebans out of Laconia Agesilaus saued the citie of Sparta The tearelesse battell of Archidamus ouercomming the ArcadiaÌ„s The Lacedaemonians were not wonâ— to reioyes much at any victory Messina restored againsâ— by Epaminondas Epaminondas second iorney vnto Sparta Agesilaus repulsed Epaminondas from Lacedaemon The fortitude of Archidamus The valliantnes of Isadas a Spartan Isadas rewarded amerced The death of Epaminondas Machariones why so called Agesilaus greedy of warres Agesilaus devided of the Egiptians Agesilaus despised al dainty thinges Agesilaus forsaketh Tachos goeth vnto Nectanebos In whom stratageames take most effect The stratageame of Agesilaus against the Egyptians The liberality of king Nectanebos vnto Agesilaus The death of Agesilaus The raigne of Agesilaus Agesilaus body noynted with waxe for lacke of honnie The father of Pompey hated in Rome Strabo the father of Pompey The Loue of the Romanes vnto Pompey The fauour of Pompey Flora the curtisan loued Pompey Flora the curtisan was passing sayer The temperaunce of Pompey in dyes The treason of Lucius TereÌ„tius against Pompey Pompey accused for robbing the common treasure The cause of the crie of Talassio at mariages in Rome Pompey maried Antistia The death of Cinna Pompeyes first Captainshippe vnder Sylla Pompey was Chiefetaine of an army at 23. yeares of age The citie of Auximum Pompey goeth vnto Sylla Pompey victories of the Marians Pompey ioyned with Sylla Pompey called Imperator of Sylla The honor Sylla did vnto Pompey Pompey went to aide Metellus in Gaule VVonderfull victories of Pompey Pompey put away his wife Antistia â— and maried AEmylia the daughter of Metella Syllaes wife The death of Antistius Pompey sent from Syllainto Sicile Lawe must geue place to armie The death of Carbo The death of Q. Valerius The bolde speache of Sthenis Pompey sealed vp his souldiers swordes Pompeis iorney into Msâ—icke vnder Sylla against Domitius Domitius camped by Pompey with his army Pompeis victory of Domitius Domitius slaine Pompey tooke king Iarbas Pompeis conquestes at 24. yeares of age The loue of the souldiers vnto Pompey Pompey called Magnus by Sylla The wisedom of the Romanes commended for rewardinge foreine and home seruice Valerius and Rullus called Maximi in Rome Pompeis slowt aunswere vnto Sylla Pompey not being Senator triuÌ„pheth against the law Marcus Lepidus created Consull Sylla fallow from the loue of Pompey Lepidus moueth ciuill warre Brutus the father slaine by Pompey The death of Lepidus The valliantnes of Sertorius in Spayne Pompeys iorney into Spayne against Sertorius Metellus geuen to royt pleasure Sertorius wan the city of Lauron in the fight of Pompey Pompey slue Herennius Perpenna Battell betwext Pompey and Sertorius Sucron fl The modesty of Pompey Metellus Pompey ouercame Perpenna and slue him Pompey burnt Sertorius letters the like also did Iulius Caesar wheÌ„ he ouercame Pompey Pompey ouercame the rest of the bondemen Pompey and Crassus first Consullshippe The custome of the Knights in Rome Pompey as a Knight of Rome sueth to be discharged from the warres Pompey submitteth to the Censors Pompey and Crassus made frendes Pompeye pride and glory The beginning of the pirates warre The power insolency of the pirates in Cilicia The pirates nauy a thowsand shippes The pirates scorning of the Romanes when they were taken Gabinius law for Pompeys authority against the pirates At the voyce of the people a crow flying fell downe Pompeys preparation against the pirates The courtesie of Pompey vnto Piso. The victory of Pompey vpon the pirate How men are tamed Pompey lewd fact against Metellus Achilles dishonest fact Pompey appointed Lucullus successor The boldnes of Catulus in disswading Manilius law Pompeys great dissimulation Quarrell betwixt Pompey and Lucullus Pompey and Lucullus meeting in Galatia Pompeys iorney against Mithridates Mithridates dreame Pompey ouerthrew Mithridates Hypsicratea Mithridates concubine otherwise called Hypsicrates for his valliantnes like a man. Araxes fl Tigranes yeldeth him selfe vnto Pompey Tigranes laied his diadeame at Pompeys feete Tigranes sonne a prisoner Ambassadors sent from the king of Parthia vnto Pompey Caucasus mont Albani and Iberes what meâ—â—â— of people Cyrnus fl Pompey ouerthrew the Albanians Pompey ouercame the Iberians Phasis fl The AlbaniaÌ„s rebell against Pompey Abas fl Pompey slue Cosis the kinges brother of the Albanians The Amazones Gele and Leleges people that do company with the Amazones Thermodon fl Stratonice Mithridates chiefe harlot Pompeys abstinence from taking of gifts Mithridates remeÌ„brauÌ„ces Rutilius an historiographer Pompeis faâ—e Pompeys iorney into Syria Pompey brought Syria into the forme and gouernment of a prouince Pompeys vertues The power insolency of Demetrius Pompeys infranchised bondman Catoes exclamation against Demetrius Pompeys infranchised bondman Pompeys Theater The king of Arabia Petrea submitted him selfe to Pompey Mithridates death The value of Mithridates scaberd of his sword Pompeys returne out of Asia Mutia the wife of Pompey Pompey forsooke his wife Mutia Pompey at his returne out of Asia discharged his souldiers Pompeis honorable returne to Rome out of Asia A law for triumphe Cato refreseth Pompeis alliance Pompeis third triumphe The canâ—â—ies conquered by Pompey Captiues led in Pompeis third triuÌ„phe Pompey conquered three partes of the world Africke Europe Asia Pompey triumphed thrise before the age of forty yeres The chaunge of Pompeys fortune and honor Lucullus beloued of the Senate at his returne out of Asia Lucullus inueyed against Pompey by Catoes ressistance Pompey ioyned with Clodius Tribune of the people Pompey forsaketh his frend Cicero Caesar reconciled Pompey and Crassus
Antonius acts in AEgypt vnder Gabinius Antonius curtesie vnto Archelaus being dead Antonius shape presence The house of the Antonij discended from Hercules Antonius liberalitie Antonius Tribune of the people and Augure Antonius acts for Caesar. Antonius flyeth from Rome vnto Caesar. Cicero reproued for lying Alexander Cyrus Caesar all contended to raigne Caesars ambition the onely cause of the ciuill warre Caesar gaue the charge of Italy vnto Antonius Antonius vices Antonius taketh sea with his army at Brundusium and goeth vnto Caesar. Antonius manthood in warres Antonius led the left wing of Caesars battell at Pharsalla where Pompey left the field The dignitie of the general of the horsemen Dissention betwixt Antonius and Dolabella Antonius abominable life Antonius laid vp his stomack before the whole assembly Antonius insolency Caesar Lepidus Consuls Antonius byeth Pompeys house Antonius maried Fuluia Clodius widowe Fuluia ruled Antonius at home and abroad Caesar Antonius Consuls Antonius vnwittingly gaue Caesars enemies occasion to conspire against him Antonius Lupercian putteth the diademe vpon Caesars head Brutus Cassius conspire Caesars death Consultation about the murther of Antonius with Caesar Antonius maketh vprore among the people for the murther of Caesar. Calpurnia Caesars wife Charonites why so called M. Antonius Consul Caius Antonius Praetor Lucius Antonius Tribune all three brethren Variance betwixt Antonius and Octauius Caesar heire vnto Iulius Caesar. Octauius Caesar ioyned to friendship with Cicero Antonius and Octauius became friends Antonius dreame Antonius iudged an enemy by the Senate Hircius and Pausa Consuls Antonius ouerthrowen in battell by the citie of Modena Antonius pacient in aduersitie Antonius hardnes in aduersitie notwithstanding his fine bringing vp Antonius won all Lepidus army from him Varius surnamed Cotylon The conspiracie and meeting of Caesar Antonius Lepidus The prescription of the Tr 〈…〉 Antonius cruelty vnto Cicero Lucius Caesars life saued by his sister Antonius riot in his Triumâ—â—-rate The praise of Pompey the great The valliantnes of Antonius against Brutus The death of Cassius Brutus slue him selfe Antonius gaue honorable buriall vnto Brutus Antonius great curtesie in Graece The plagues of Italie in riot Antonius crueltie in Asia Hybraeas wordes vnto Antonius touching their great payments of money vnto him Antonius simplicity Antonius maners Antonius louâ— to Cleopatra whom he sent for into Cilicia The wonderfull sumptuousnes of Cleopatra Queene of AEgypt going vnto Antonius Cydnus fl The sumptuous preparations of the suppers of Cleopatra and Antonius Cleopatraes beawtie An order set vp by Antonius Cleopatra The excessiue expences of Antonius and Cleopatra in AEgypt Eight wilde boares rosted whole Philotas a Phisition borne in Amphissa reporter of this feast Philotas Phisition to the younger Antonius Philotas subtil proposition Plato writeth of foure kinde of flatterie Cleopatra Queene of all flatterers Antonius fishing in AEgypt The warres of Lucius Antonius and Fulvia against Octauius Caesar The death of Fuluia Antonius wife All the Empire of Rome deuided betwene the Triamuri Octania the halfe sister of Octauius Caesar daughter of Anchavia which was not Caesars mother A law at Rome for marying of widowes Antonius maried Octauia Octauius Caesar halfe sister Antonius and Octauius Caesar doe make peace with Sexius Pompeius Sextus Pompeius taunt to Antonius Sexius Pompius being offered wonderfull great fortune for his honestie and faithes sake refused it Antonius told by a Soothsayer that his fortune was inferior vnto Octauius Caesar Antonius vnfortunate in sport and earnest against Octauius Caesar Orades king of Parthia Ventidius notable victorie of the Parthians The death of Pacorus the king of Parthians sonne Ventidius the only man of the Romanes that triumphed for the Parthians Canidius conquest Newe displeasures betwext Antonius and Octauius Caesar The wordes of Octauia vnto Macinas and Agrippa Octauia pacifieth the quarrell betwixt Antonius and her brother Octanius Caesar Plato calleth coÌ„cupiscence the lawes of the minde Antonius sent for Cleopatra into Syria Antonius gaue great provinces vnto Cleopatra Antigonius king of Iuvrie the first king beheaded by Antonius Antonius twinnes by Cleopatra their names Phraortes slue his father Orodes king of Persia. Antonius great puisant army Antonius dronke with the loue of Cleopatra Antonius besiegeth the city of Phraata in Media The ParthidÌ„s tooke Antonius engines of battery Battell betwext the Parthians Antonius The Romanes good order in their march Decimation a marshall punishment The craft of the Parthians against the Romanes Antonius returneth from the iorney of the Parthian The ParthiaÌ„ doe see vpon Antonius in his returne The bold act of Flauius Gallus Canidius fault Antonius Captaine Flauius Gallus slaine Antonius care of theâ— that were wounded The loue and reuerence of the souldiers vnto Antonius The rare and singular gifts of Antonius The king of Parthia neuer came to fight in the field Antonius charitable prayer to the gods for his army The Romanes â—estudo and couering against shot Great famine in Antonius army A deadly erbe incurable without wine The valliantnes of tenne thowsand Graecians whome Xenophon brought away after the ouerthrow of Cyrus The Parthians very suttell and craftie people Mithridates a Parthian bewrayeth vnto Antonius the conspiracie of his own contry men against him A salt riuer Antonius great liberalitie vnto Mithridates for the care he had of his saftie The tumult of Antonius soldiers through courteousnes Antonius desperat minde Hroxes ft. 18. seuerall battels fought with the Parthians The trechery of Artabazus king of Armenia vnto Antonius Antonius triumphed of Artabazus king of Armenia in AEgypt Antonius pined away looking for Cleopatra Cleopatra come to BlaÌ„cbourg vnto Antonius VVarres betwixt the Parthians and Medes Octauia Antonius wife came to Athens to meete with him The flickering enticements coments of Cleopatra vnto Antonius The occasion of ciuil warres betwixt Antonius and Caesar. The loue of Octauia to Antonius her husband and her wise and womanly behauior Antonius arrogantly onely deuideth diuers prouinces vnto his children by Cleopatra Caesarian the supposed soÌ„ne of Caesar by Cleopatra Alexander Ptolomy Antonius sonnes by Cleopatra Accusations betwixt Octauius Caesar Antonius Antonius came with eight hundred saile against Octauius Caesar Antonius carieth Cleopatra with him to the warres against Octauius Caesars kept great feasting at the I le of Samos together Antonius put his wife Octauia out of his house at Rome Octauius Caesar exacteth grieuous payments of the Romanes Titius and Plancus reuolt from Antonius and doe yeld to Caesar. A famous librarie in the citie of Pergamum Furnius an eloquent Orator among the Romanes Geminius sent from Rome to Antonius to bid him take heede to him selfe Many of Antonius friends doe forsake him Antonius Empire taken from him Signes and wonders before the ciuill wares betwixt Antonius and Oct. Caesar. Pesaro a citie in Italy sonck into the gretle by an earthquake An ill signe foreshoned by swallowes breding in Cleopatraeas shippe Antonius power against Oct. Caesar. Antonius had eyght kinge
deuise of Artaxerxes how to preuent the conspirators and to saue him selfe Tiribazus the traitor slaine Darius condemned to dye and executed King Artaxerxes sonne The death of king Artaxerxes Artaxerxes was 94 yeres olde at his death Dion Brutus both Platonians Plato de virtute How mens acts should be famous in the coÌ„mon wealth A wicked spirite appeared vnto Dion Brutus Dionysius maried Hermocrates daughter Dionysius wiues Doride of Locres Aristomaché of Syracvsa Hipparinus daughter and Dions sister Dion kindred with Dionysius Plato came out of Italie vnto Syracvsa Dion Platoes schollar Plato and Dionysius the elder talke together Dionysius malice vnto Plato Plato solde in the I le of AEgina Dions boldnes in speaking plainly to the tyran Gelon signifieth laughture Sophrosynè and Areté the daughters of Dionysius by Aristomaché Dion marieth his Nece Areté the daughter of Dionysius of his sister Aristomaché The death of Dionysius the elder Flattering Courtiers do intense Dionysius the younger to hate Dion The vices of Dionysius the younger Dions maners too graue and seuere Obstinacie follow and companion of solitarines Dionysius the elder a maruelous timerous suspitious man. Dionysius dreame Dion persuadeth the younger Dionysius to fall to study The assured gard of Princes is the loue of their subiects Plaâ—â— goâ—th into Sicilia to teach Dionysius the youngeâ— Philistus the Historiographer Philistus the Historiographer banished out of Sicilia by Dionysius the elder Democratia the gouernment of the people Dion allowed not popular state Aristocratia the gouernment of a few of the nobilitie Plato came into Sicilia vnto Dionysius the younger The chaunge of Dionysius vpon Platoes comming Philistus accusations against Dion Dions letters vnto Carthage Dion sent away by Dionysius into Italie Dions wealth Dionysius tyrannicall loâ—â— to Plato Dionysius sent Plato from home Dions life in Graece Dions vertues and honors done vnto him by the Graecians Archytas a Pythagorian Philosopher Dionysius sendeth againe for Plato to come into Sicilia Platoes third iorney into Sicilia Aristippus saying of Dionysius Helycon a Mathematician Aristippus diuination Architas requireth Plato of Dionysius Dionysius maried Dions wife to an other man. Polyxenus maried Thesta his father Dionysius sister The noble answere of Thesta vnto her brother Dionysius the elder Dion beginneth to make warre against Dionysius The Philosophers aduanced Dions warre Aristotles dialogue de anima Dions army Dions sumptuous fare in feasting The eclipse of the Moone and cause of the eclipse VVonders shewed vnto Dion VVonders appearing vnto Dionysius Dions preparation Pachynus the foreland of Sicilia A tempest on the sea against Dion Synalus Captaine of Minoa for the Carthaginians Dion wanne Minoa Dion goeth to Syracusa A straunge chaunce happened vnto the Messenger sent to Dionysius A woulfe caried away the Messengers portmanteau Anapus ti Dionysius picke thankes slayne Dion receiued into Syracusa Dion restoreth the Syracusans to libertie Dionysius clocke The predictions of the Soothsayers Dionysius seÌ„t Ambassadors vnto Dion Dion fighteth with Dionysius Dion hurt Dions victory of Dionysius Hipparinus Dions sonne Dionysius craft vnto Dion Heraclides what he was Heraclides returneth to Syracusa The Syracusans do choose Heraclides Admirall to spight Dion Heraclides a dissembler practising to make the people to rebell against Dion Sosis a wicked man moueth sedition against Dion Dion cleareth Sosis accusation against him Sosis condemned to death Philistus slain Timaus and Ephorus the Historiographers reproued Dionysius flyeth from Syracusa Apollocrates the eldest sonne of Dionysius the yonger Signes appearing to the Syracusans Dion departeth out of Syracusa The cowardlines of the Syracusans The Leontines doe receiue Dion The negligence and troubles of the Syracusans The Syracusans doe send for Dion againe Dions oration vnto his souldiers perswading them to ayde the Syracusans The inconstancy of the Syracusans Syracusa set a fire by Dionysius souldiers Dions fight in the citie of Syracusa Nypsius compelled by Dion to flie into the castell Dions mercy to his enemies the great profit he tooke by study in the Academy at Athens No maÌ„ should be worse by an others wickednes The frowardnes of the Syracusans against Dion Heraclides againe stirreth vp the Syracusans to rebell against Dion Gaesylus Lacedaemonian commeth to Syracusa to be generall of the Syracusans Gaesylus maketh Dion Heraclides friends again The castell of Syracusa surrendred vnto Dion The words of Aristomaché vnto Dion at his entry into the castell of Syracusa Dion taketh his wife Areta againe which had forcibly bene maried vnto another man. Dions temperance and thriftines Heraclides conspireth againe against Dion Dion sent to the Corinthians to stablish a common wealth to the Syracusans Dion ment to abolish Democratia and to aduaunce Aristocratia The authoritie of the people resembled by Plato to a fayer or market The common wealth of the Corinthians The murther of Heraclides Callippus Athenian conspireth against Dion Note the suttletie of tale bearers A spirite appeared vnto Dion The lamentable death of Dions sonne Apollocrates Dionysius sonne The great oth of the Syracusant Dion slaine by Callippus Athenian Dions wife brought to bed of a sonne in prison The punishment of Callippus * 〈…〉 in corrupt speech signifieth a knife to scrape or cut cheese which it truelier called 〈…〉 Iulius Pollux lib. 10 cap. 24. Callippus slaine with the same dagger that slue Dion The crueltie of the Syracusans vnto Dion and his posterity The pareÌ„tage of Brutus Brutus maners Seruilia M. Brutus mother Brutus parentage by his father Seruilia Catoes sister Brutus studies Brutus followed the olde Academyks Empylus an Orator wrote a booke of Caesars death and intituled it Brutus Brutus maner of wryting his Epistels in Graeke A briefe letter to the Samians Brutus followed Cato into Cyprus * Or Canidius Brutus taketh parte with Pompey Brutus exercise in Pompeys campe Brutus studied in Pompeis campe Iulius Caesar carefull of Brutus safary Iulius Caesar loued Seruilia Brutus mother Brutus saued by Iulius Caesar after the battell of Pharsalia * This king was Iuba howbeit it is true also that Brutus made intercession for Deiotarus king of Galatia who was depriued notwithstanding of the most parte of his contrie by Caesar and therefore this place were best to be vnderstanded by Deiotorus Caesar made Brutus Gouernor of Gaule on this side the mouÌ„taines Brutus and Cassius contend for the Praetorship of the citie Cassius maried Iunia Brutus sister The first cause of Cassius malice against Caesar. Caesar suspected Brutus Caesar saying of Brutus Cassius incenseth Brutus against Caesar. Cassius Lions at Megara Cassius an enemie of tyranâ— How Brutus was incensed against Caesar. Cassius praieth Brutus first to helpe him to put downe the tyran * In an other place they cal him Quintus Brutus maketh Ligarius one of the coÌ„spiracie They do hide the conspiracy against Caesar from Cicero Ciuill warre worse then tyrannicall gouernment The wonderfull faith and secrifie of the Conspirators of Casars death Porcia Catoes daughter wife vnto Brutus Bibulus booke
of Brutus actes Porcia studied in Philosophie The corage of Porcia Great difference betwext a wise and a harlot Porciaes words vnto her husband Brutus The wonderfull constancy of the conspirators in killing of Caesar. Sundrie misfortunes to haue broken of the enterprise The weakenes of Porcia notwithstanding her former corage Brutus with his countenaunce encoraged his fearefull consories * In Caesars life it is sayd it was Decius Brutus Albinus that kept Antonius with a talke without * In Caesars life he is called Metellus Cimber The mother of Caesar. Casca the first that wounded him VVhy Antonius was not slayne with Ceasar Brutus with his consorts went vnto the Capitoll Honors decreed for the murtherers of Caesar. Caesars will funeralls Brutus committed two great faults after Caesars death Antonius funerall oration for Caesar. The straunge dreame of Cinna the Poet The murder of Cinna the Poet being mistaken for an other of that name Brutus and his consorts doe flye from Rome Brutus playes and sportes at Rome in his absence Octauius Caesar comming to Rome Brutus reproued Cicero for taking part with Octauius Caesar. Porciaes sorowfull returne to Rome for the absence of her husband Brutus The story of Hector and Andromachè set forth in painted tables How Brutus bestowed his time at Athens Brutus commendeth Ciceroes sonne Brutus prepareth him selfe to warre A strange disease tooke Brutus at Dyrrachium VVho by snow this hungry disease taketh men that are wearied with trauaile Brutus thankfulnes and clemency C. Antonius yelded vnto Brutus Octauius Caesar ioyneth with Antonius Brutus senteÌ„sed and condemned by Octauius Caesars meanes for the death of Iulius Caesar. The Triumuirate C. Antonius murdered Brutus and Cassius doe ioyne armies together The sharpe and cruell condicions of Cassius Brutus gentle and â—aâ—er condicions Brutus intent good if he had ouercomen Antonius testimonie of Brutus Brutus to his mind to his contry Brutus a true Prophet of Antonius Cassius wanne the citie of Rhodes Brutus â—eâ—ts in Lycia The citie of Xanethus set a fire The desperat ende of the Xanthians The Palareâ—ans doe yeld them selues vnto Brutus The extreme couetousnes and crueltie of Cassius to the Rhodians Brutus clemeÌ„cy vnto the Lycians Theodotus borne in Chio a Rethoritian Scholemaister is Ptolomy the young king of AEgypt Theodotus saying a dead man biteth not Theodotus Chian the Rethoritian that gaue counsell to kill Pompeys was put to death by Brutus Brutus and Cassius doe meete at the citie of Sardis Brutus and Cassius complaints one vnto the other M. Phaonius a follower of Cato Cynick Philosophers cowÌ„red dogges Iulius Caesar slayne at the Ides of March. The wonderfull constency of Brutus in matters of iustice and equitie Brutus care and watching A spirit appeared vnto Brutus in the citie of Sardis Cassius opinion of spirits after the Epicurians sect The cause of dreames A wonderfull signe by two Eagles Brutus and Cassius camps before the citie of Philippes against Octauius Caesar Antonius Brutus souldiers brauely armed Brutus opinion for the brauery of souldiers in their armor and weapons Vnlucky signes vnto Cassius Cassius and Brutus opinions about battell Atellius opinion for the battell Cassius words vnto Messala the night before the battell Brutus and Cassius talke before the battell Brutus aunswer to Cassius The battell at Philippes against Octauius Caesar and Antonius Octavius Caesar falsely reported to be slaine at the battell of Philippes Cassius misfortune Cassius offended with the sundrie errous Brutus and his men committed in battell Cassius valliantnes in warres The importance of error mistaking in warres Cassius slaine by his man Pindarus The death of Titinnius The number of men slaine at the battell of Philippes Brutus clemeÌ„cy courtesie Brutus fault wisely excused by Plutarke Brutus victorie by sea VVonderfull famine amoÌ„g Caesars souldiers by sea The ignoraÌ„ce of Brutus victorie by sea was his vtter destruction The euill spirit appeared againe vnto Brutus Straunge fightes before Brutus second battell Brutus second battell Brutus valliantnes and great skill in warres The death of the valliant young man Cato the sonne of Marcus Cato The fidelitie of Lucilius vnto Brutus Brutus flying Appian meaneth this by Antonius The death of Statilius Brutus saying of flying with hands not with feete Brutus slue him selfe Strato Brutus familiar and frend Strato receiued into Caesars frendship Messala Coruinus Brutus frend Brutus funeralls Porcia Brutus wife killed her selfe with burning coles In what things Dion was inferior vnto Brutus Brutus hoâ—â—aved of his enemies after his death Brutus image or statue standing in brasse in Milleine was preserued and kept by Octauius Caesar The example of our auncesters wherein profitable to their posteritie The common weale of the Sicyonians commersed into tyrannie Abantidas â—â—ran of Sicyone Aratus the sonne of Clinias scaped the handes of the tyran Abantidas Aratus malice against tyrannes Aratus fauor Aratus wrote a booke of CoÌ„mentaries Abantidas the tyran slaine Aristotle the Logitian Aratus goeth about to deliuer his contry from the tyrannie * In an other place he calleth him Ecdemus Aristomachus and Ecdelus doe ioine with Aratus Aratus preparacioÌ„ to deliuer his contrie from tyrannie Aratus policy to deceiue Nicocles spialls Aratus daungers in deliuering of his contrie from the tyranny of Nicocles Aratus was the citie of Sicyone without bloodshed Nicocles the tyrant flyeth Aratus ioyneth the citie of Sicyone vnto the Achaians Aratus referred all things to the common wealth VVhy owles set best by night and not by day Management of Philosophy be likined unto owles Aratus taketh sea to go to king Ptolomy into AEgypt The pictures and paynted tables made in the citie of Sicyone did passe all the other paintings in Graece The excelleÌ„cy of Aristratus picture the tyran of Sicyone painted by all Melanthus scholers and Apelles help Aratus consultation for the defacing of it The saying of Nealces the paynter touching tyraÌ„ne The great liberalitie of Ptolomey vnto Aratus Aratus temperances Aratus doings in his first Praetorship Presche an Island of Peloponnesus Acto or inthus means Young king Philips saying of the castell of Corinth Antigunus wife and dauise Antigonus craftily taketh the castell of the Acrocorinthe Ouergreat as lay to a simple man maketh him mad Perceiue the Philisopher made captaine of the Acrocorinthe Aratus determination for the taking of the Acrocorinthe The error and daunger by likenes of men one vnto another Aratus great daunger in taking of the castell of the Acrocorinthe The happy benefit of the Moone Aratus taketh the Acrocorinthe Aratus ioyneth the city of Corinthe vnto Achaia Zenoes opinion that a man could not be a good Captaine vnles he were a perfit wise man. Persaus aunswer to Zenoes opinion Philopaemen the last famous man of the Graecians Aratus power and authority with the Achaians Aratus gaeth about to set Argos at libertie Aratus prepared litle short daggers against the tyrants decree ordinance Aristippus tyrant of the citie of Argos Aristippus layed man to kill Aratus No
THE LIVES OF THE NOBLE GRECIANS AND ROMANES COMPARED together by that graue learned Philosopher and Historiographer Plutarke of Chaeronea Translated out of Greeke into French by IAMES AMYOT Abbot of Bellozane Bishop of Auxerre one of the Kings priuy counsel and great Amner of Fraunce and out of French into Englishe by Thomas North. Jn repentance remembrance ANCHORA SPEI Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautroullier and Iohn VVight 1579. TO THE MOST HIGH AND MIGHTY PRINCESSE ELIZABETH BY THE GRACE OF GOD OF ENGLAND Fraunce and Ireland Queene defender of the faith c. VNDER hope of your highnes gratious and accustomed fauor I haue presumed to present here vnto your Maiestie Plutarkes lyues translated as a booke fit to be protected by your highnes and meete to be set forth in Englishe For vvho is fitter to giue countenance to so many great states than such an highe and mightie Princesse vvho is fitter to reuiue the dead memorie of their fame than she that beareth the liuely image of their vertues vvho is fitter to authorize a vvorke of so great learning and vvisedome than she vvhome all do honor as the Muse of the vvorld Therefore I humbly beseech your Maiestie to suffer the simplenes of my translation to be couered vnder the amplenes of your highnes protection For most gracious Souereigne though this booke be no booke for your Maiesties selfe vvho are meeter to be the chiefe storie than a student therein and can better vnderstand it in Greeke than any man can make it Englishe yet I hope the common sorte of your subiects shall not onely profit them selues hereby but also be animated to the better seruice of your Maiestie For amonge all the profane bookes that are in reputacion at this day there is none your highnes best knovves that teacheth so much honor loue obedience reuerence zeale and deuocion to Princes as these liues of Plutarke doe Hovve many examples shall your subiects reade here of seuerall persons and vvhole armyes of noble and base of younge and olde that both by sea lande at home and abroad haue strayned their vvits not regarded their states ventured their persons cast avvay their liues not onely for the honor and safetie but also for the pleasure of their Princes Then vvell may the Readers thinke if they haue done this for heathen Kings vvhat should vve doe for Christian Princes If they haue done this for glorye vvhat should vve doe for religion If they haue done this vvithout hope of heauen vvhat should vve doe that looke for immortalitie And so adding the encouragement of these exsamples to the forvvardnes of their ovvne dispositions vvhat seruice is there in vvarre vvhat honor in peace vvhich they vvill not be ready to doe for their vvorthy Queene And therefore that your highnes may giue grace to the booke and the booke may doe his service to your Maiestie I haue translated it out of French and doe here most humbly present the same vnto your highnes beseeching your Maiestie vvith all humilitie not to reiect the good meaning but to pardon the errours of your most humble and obedient subiect and seruaunt vvho prayeth God long to multiplye all graces and blessings vpon your Maiestie VVritten the sixteene day of Ianuary 1579. Your Maiesties most humble and obedient seruaunt Thomas North. To the Reader THE profit of stories and the prayse of the Author are sufficiently declared by Amiot in his Epistle to the Reader So that I shall not neede to make many wordes thereof And in deede if you will supply the defects of this translation with your owne diligence and good vnderstanding you shall not neede to trust him you may proue your selues that there is no prophane studye better then Plutarke All other learning is priuate fitter for Vniuersities then cities fuller of contemplacion than experience more commēdable in the students themselues than profitable vnto others Whereas stories are fit for euery place reache to all persons serue for all tymes teache the liuing reuine the dead so farre excelling all other bookes as it is better to see learning in noble mens liues than to reade it in Philosophers writings Nowe for the Author I will not denye but loue may deceiue me for I must needes loue him with whome I haue taken so much payne but I beleue I might be bold to affirme that he hath written the profitablest story of all Authors For all otherwere sayne to take their matter as the fortune of the contries whereof they wrote fell out But this man being excellent in wit learning and experience hath chosen the speciall actes of the best persons of the famosest nations of the world But I will leaue the judgement to your selues My onely purpose is to desire you to excuse the faults of my translation with your owne gentlenes and with the opinion of my diligence and good entent And so I wishe you all the profit of the booke Fare ye well The foure and twenty day of Ianuary 1579. Thomas North. Amiot to the Readers THe reading of bookes vvhich bring but a vaine and vnprofitable pleasure to the Reader is iustly misliked of vvise and grauemen Againe the reading of such as doe but onely bring profit and make the Reader to be in loue therevvith and doe not ease the payne of the reading by some pleasauntnes in the same doe seeme somevvhat harshe to diuers delicate vvits that can not tary long vpon them But such bookes as yeeld pleasure and profit and doe both delight and teache haue all that a man can desire vvhy they should be vniuersally liked and allovved of all sortes of men according to the common saying of the Poet Horace That he which matcheth profit with delight Doth winne the price in euery poynt aright Eyther of these yeeld his effect the better be reason the one runneth vvith the other profiting the more bicause of the delight and deliting the more bicause of the profit This commendation in my opinion is most proper to the reading of stories to haue pleasure and profit matched together vvhich kind of delight and teaching meeting in this vvise arme in arme hath more allovvance then any other kind of vvriting or inuention of man In respect vvhereof it may be reasonably auovved that men are more beholding to such good vvits as by their graue and vvise vvriting haue deserued the name of Historiographers then they are to any other kind of vvriters bicause an historie is an orderly register of notable things said done or happened in time past to mainteyne the continuall remembrance of them and to serue for the instruction of them to come And like as memorie is as a storehouse of mens conceits and deuises vvithout the vvhich the actions of the other tvvo parts should be vnperfect and vvelneare vnprofitable So may it also be sayd that an historie is the very treasury of mans life vvhereby the notable doings and sayings of men and the vvonderfull aduentures straunge cases vvhich the long
continuance of time bringeth forth are preserued from the death of forgetfulnes Hereuppon it riseth that Plato the vvise sayth that the name of historie vvas giuen to this recording of matters to stay the fleting of our memorie vvhich othervvise vvould be soone lost and retaine litle And vve may vvell perceiue hovv greatly vve be beholding vnto it if vve doe no more but consider in hovv horrible darkenes and in hovv beastly and pestilent a quamyre of ignorance vve should be plunged if the remembrance of all the thinges that haue bene done and haue happened before vve vvere borne vvere vtterly drovvned and forgotten Novv therefore I vvill ouerpasse the excellencie and vvorthines of the thing it selfe forasmuch as it is not onely of more antiquitie then any other kind of vvriting that euer vvas in the vvorlde but also vvas vsed among men before there vvas any vse of letters at all bicause that men in those daies deliuered in their lifetimes the remembrance of things past to their successors in songes vvhich they caused their children to learne by hart from hand to hand as is to be seene yet in our dayes by thexample of the barbarous people that inhabite the nevvfound landes in the VVest vvho vvithout any records of vvritings haue had the knovvledge of thinges past vvelneare eight hundred yeares afore Likevvise I leaue to discourse that it is the surest safest and durablest monument that men can leaue of their doings in this vvorld to consecrate their names to immortality For there is nether picture nor image of marble nor arche of triumph nor piller nor sumptuous sepulchre that can match the durablenes of aneloquēt history furnished vvith the properties vvhich it ought to haue Again I mind not to stand much vpon this that it hath a certaine troth in it in that it alvvayes professeth to speake truth for that the proper groūd therof is to treate of the greatest highest things that are done in the vvorld insomuch that to my seeming the great profit thereof is as Horace sayth that it is commonly called the mother of trothe vprightnes vvhich commendeth it so greatly as it nedeth not elsvvhere to seeke any authoritye or ornament of dignitie but of her very selfe For it is a certaine rule and instruction vvhich by examples past teacheth vs to iudge of things present to foresee things to come so as vve may knovve vvhat to like of vvhat to follovv vvhat to mislike and vvhat to eschevv It is a picture vvhich as it vvere in a table setteth before our eyes the things vvorthy of remembrance that haue bene done in olde time by mighty nations noble kings Princes vvise gouernors valliant Capteines persons renovvmed for some notable quality representing vnto vs the maners of stran̄ge nations tha lavves customes of old time the particular affaires of men their consultations enterprises the meanes that they haue vsed to compasse thē vvithall their demeaning of them selues vvhen they vvere comen to the highest or throvven dovvne to the lovvest degree of state So as it is not possible for any case to rise either in peace or vvarre in publike or priuate affaires but that the person vvhich shall haue diligently red vvell conceiued throughly remembred histories shall find matter in them vvhereat to take light counsell vvherby to resolue himselfe to take a part or to geue aduice vnto others hovv to choose in doutfull daungerous cases that vvhich may be for their most proffit and in time to find out to vvhat poynt the matter vvill come if it be vvell handled and hovv to moderate him selfe in prosperitie and hovv to cheere vp and beare him selfe in aduersitie These things it doth vvith much greater grace efficacy and speede than the bookes of morall Philosophie doe forasmuch as examples are of more force to moue and instruct than are the arguments and proofes of reason or their precise precepts bicause examples be the very formes of our deedes accompanied vvith all circumstances VVhereas reasons and demonstrations are generall and tend to the proofe of things and to the beating of them into vnderstanding and examples tende to the shovving of them in practise and execution bicause they doe not only declare vvhat is to be done but also vvorke a desire to do it as vvell in respect of a certaine naturall inclination vvhich all men haue to follovv examples as also for the beavvtie of vertue vvhich is of such povver that vvheresoeuer she is seene she maketh her selfe to be loued and liked Againe it doth things vvith greater vveight and grauitie than the inuentions deuices of the Poets bicause it helpeth not it selfe vvith any other thing than vvith the plaine truth vvher as Poetry doth commonly inrich things by commending them aboue the starres and their deseruing bicause the chiefe intent thereof is to delight Moreover it doth thinges vvith more grace and modestie than the ciuill lavves and ordinances doe bicause it is more grace for a man to teach and instruct than to chastise or punish And yet for all this an historie also hath his maner of punishing the vvicked by the reproch of euerlasting infamie vvherevvith it defaceth their remembrance vvhich is a great meane to vvithdravv them from vice vvho othervvise vvould be levvdly and vvickedly disposed Likevvise on the contrarie parte the immortall praise and glorie vvherevvith it revvardeth vvelldoers is a very liuely sharpe spurre for men of noble corage and gentlemanlike nature to cause them to aduenture vpon all maner of noble and great things For bookes are full of examples of men of high corage and vvisedom vvho for desire to continue the remembraunce of their name by the sure and certaine recorde of histories haue vvillingly yeelded their liues to the seruice of the common vveale spent their goods susteined infinite peines both of bodie and minde in defence of the oppressed in making common buildings in stablishing of lavves and gouernments and in the finding out of artes and sciences necessarie for the maintenance and ornament of mans life for the faithfull registring vvhereof the thanke is due to histories And although true vertue seeke no revvard of her commendable doings like a hireling but contenteth her selfe vvith the conscience of her vvell doing yet notvvithstanding I am of opinion that it is good and meete to dravv men by all meanes to good doing and good men ought not to be forbidden to hope for the honor of their vertuous deedes seeing that honor doth naturally accompanie vertue as the shadovv doth the bodie For vve commonly see not to feele the sparkes of desire of honor is an infallible signe of a base vile and cloynish nature and that such as account it an vnnecessarie needelesse or vnseemely thing to be praised are likevvise no doers of any things vvorthy of praise but are commonly men of faint corage vvhose thoughtes extend no further than to their liues vvhereof also they haue no further remembranuce than is before
third part of the world as they had done in AFRICK and EVROPE Antiochus perswaded by the authority of such a man straight commaunded Polyxenidas a very seruiceable man and skilfull in sea seruice that he should goe meete with the army of the ROMANES that was comming thither Then he sent Annibal into SYRIA to leauy a great number of shippes together and afterwards made him and Apollonius one of his fauored Courtiers generalls of this armye by sea who notwithstanding that Polyxenidas was put to the worst by the ROMANES they went and set vpon the RHODIANS that were confederats with them Annibal in this battell assayling Eudamus the Captaine of the RHODIANS that led the left wing he had already compassed in the Admirall galley and doubtles had obtayned the victorie but that the other wing came in to rescue after they had followed Apollonius in chase and tooke the victorie from him that was his owne After this battell by sea which had no great good successe we doe not find that Annibal did any thing worthy memorie For king Antiochus being ouercome besides other condicions the ROMANES offred him they desired that Annibal the mortall enemy of their contry should be deliuered vnto them Annibal foreseeing this long before he sodainely stale from Antiochus after this notable battell that was fought by MAGNESIA where the kings power was ouerthrowen So after Annibal had wandred vp and downe a long time he fled at length vnto Prusias king of BITHYNIA for succor Nowe he did not so much trust to his friendshippe but bicause he sought for the meetest place he coulde come by as also for the safest the which he most desired considering that the ROMANES had the most part of the sea and land in their subiection Some say that after king Antiochus was ouercome Annibal went into CRETA vnto the GORTYNIANS and that the rumor ranne immediatly he had brought a great masse of gold aud siluer with him Wherefore being affrayd least the CRETANS should offer him some violence he deuised this shifte to scape the daunger he filled earthen pots with lead gilt and sent them into the temple of Diana fayning that he was maruelous carefull for them as though all his treasure had bene there On the other side he had hid all his gold in images of brasse the which he had left caresly lying on the groūd in the house In the meane time whilest they watched the temple carefully that these earthen pots should not be caried away without their priuitie Annibal hoysed sayle and fled into BITHYNIA In BITHYNIA there is a village vpon the sea side which the contry men call LIBYSSA of the which by some mens saying there ranne an olde oracle and prophecy in this sort The land of Libyssa shall couer vnder movvlde The valliant corps of Annibal vvhen he is dead and colde There Annibal lay not spending his time idely but passing it away in exercising of the maryners riding of horses and trayning of his souldiers Some Authors also do write that at that time Prusias made warre with Eumenes who was a confederate and friend of the ROMANES and that he made Annibal his Lieutenant generall of his army by sea who assayling Eumenes with a new found and vnknowen deuise wanne the victory of the battell by sea For before they began to fight it is reported that Annibal had gotten an infinite number of snakes into earthen pots and when the battel was begonne and they busily tending their fight he threw those pots with snakes into the enemies shippes and that by this fearefull and straunge deuise he made them flie Now whether this was true or not the olde chronicles do make no manner of mention but onely AEmylius and Trogus And therefore I report me to the Authors So the newes of the dissention betwixt these two kings Prusias and Eumenes being brought to ROME the Senate sent T. Q. Flaminius Ambassador into ASIA whose name was famous for the noble victories he had obtayned in GRAECE to the ende as I coniecture to make peace betwixt these two kings Flaminius being come vnto king Prusias he was maruelously offended and sory in his mind to see Annibal yet aliue that was the mortallest enemy of the ROMANES after the cōquests of so many nations the sacking of so many people therfore he was very earnestly in hand with king Prusias to deliuer him Annibal Annibal from the first beginning mistrusted king Prusias inconstancye very much and therefore had digged diuers vaults in his house and made seuen seuerall vents to flie out at if he were sodainely taken The report of Flaminius cōming did encrease his suspition the more for that he thought him the greatest enemy he had in ROME both generally for the hate he bate vnto all the ROMANES as also perticularly for the remembraunce of his father Flaminius that was slayne in the battell fought by the lake of Thrasymene So Annibal being full of care and griefe as it is reported he found deuises to escape the which stood him to no purpose against such a great power For when the kings gard which were sent to take him had cōpassed his house about Annibal thought to flie at their first comming and to saue him selfe by the secretest vault he had But when he found that the place was kept by the gard then he determined to rid him selfe out of the ROMANES handes by destroying him selfe So some doe report that he was strangled by one of his men whome he had commaunded to helpe to dispatche him Others write againe that he had droncke bulles bloud and when he had droncke it dyed as Clitarchus and Stratocles doe falsely report of Themistocles Howbeit Titus Liuius that famous Historiographer writeth that Annibal called for the poyson he had ready for such a mischiefe and that holding this deadly drinke in his hand before he dranke he sayd Come on let vs rid the ROMANES of this payne and care sith their spight and malice is so great to hasten the death of a poore old man that is halfe dead already The auncient ROMANES aduertised Pyrrhus king of the EPIROTES who came with enseignes displayed to the very walls of the citie of ROME that he should looke to him selfe and beware of poysoning and these ROMANES nowe doe make a friende forgetting his kingly state and faithfull promise vilely to betraye his poore ghest After he had sayd bitterly cursing king Prusias he poysoned him selfe being three score tenne yeare olde as some writers doe testifie His body was buried in a tombe of stone by LIBYSSA on the which was ingrauen no more but this Here lyeth Annibal The ROMANES beeing aduertised of his death euery man sayde his opinion as his fancye serued him Some greatly blamed T. Q. Flaminius crueltie who to make him selfe famous by some notable acte as he thought made a poore olde man put him selfe to death that was in manner half dead by age and besides was past doing the state
of ROME any more hurt they being Conquerors in manner of all the world But some againe on the other side commended Flaminius for it sayd it was a good deede of him to rid the ROMANES of their mortall enemye who though he had but a weake body yet he lacked no wit wise counsell and great experience in warres to intise king Prusias to make warre and to molest all ASIA besides with newe warres For at that time the power of the king of BITHYNIA was so great that it was not to be lightly regarded For after that Mithridates king of the same BITHYNIA did maruelously molest the ROMANES both by sea and by land moreouer fought battells with L. Lucullus and Cn. Pompey famous Captaines of the ROMANES And so the ROMANES might also be affrayd of king Prusias and specially hauing Annibal his Captaine So some iudge that Q. Flaminius was specially sent Ambassador vnto king Prusias secretly to practise Annibals death Howbeit it is to be supposed that Q. Flaminius was not so desirous to haue Annibal so sodainely put to death as he would haue bene glad otherwise to haue brought him againe to ROME that had done such mischiefe to his contry and this had bene a great benefit for ROME and much honor also vnto him selfe Such was the death of Annibal the CARTHAGINIAN a famous man doubtles highly to be commended for martiall prayse setting his other vertues aside So we may easily iudge of what power and force his noble mind his great wisedom and corage and his perfit skill of martiall discipline was in all thinges For in all the warre the CARTHAGINIANS had so vehemently and with such great preparation enterprised they neuer thought them selues ouercome till Annibal was ouerthrowen at that great battel by ZAMA So it appeareth that all their strength and skill of warres began also ended with Annibal their Captaine THE LIFE OF Scipio African PVblius Scipio a PATRICIAN of the familye of the Cornelij who was the first ROMANE Captaine against whome Annibal fought in ITALY was the father of Cornelius Scipio afterwards surnamed AFRICAN the first so called bicause he had conquered that nation The lame Scipio after he had obtayned many great victories in SPAYNE and done notable feates of armes was in the ende slayne with a wound he had in a battell against his enemies as he was plying and incoraging of his men from place to place thronging in the greatest daunger and fury of the battell Shortly after did his brother Cn. Scipio also ende his life much after one selfe manner and was slayne valliantly fighting So these two Captaines besides the same they achieued by their noble deedes left behind them great prayse of their faithfulnes modestie and corage the which made them not onely wished for of their souldiers that were then liuing but also of all the SPANYARDS besides Cn. Scipio had a sonne called P. Cornelius Nasicae one that had bene Consul and had also triumphed who beeing but a younge man was thought the meetest man of all the citie of ROME to receyue Idea the mother of the goddes This Publius had two sonnes the so famous Scipioes of the which the one was called ASIAN bicause he conquered ASIA and the other AFRICAN bicause he subdued AFRICK at that famous battell of ZAMA where he ouerthrewe Annibal and the CARTHAGINIANS as we sayd before Whose life we purpose nowe to write not so much to make the glory of his name so famous by all the Graeke Latyn Authors the greater by our history as for that we would make all men know the order of his noble deeds moral vertues to th end that all Princes noble Captaines in reading it should behold the liuely image of perfit vertue which may moue an earnest desire in thē to follow the example of P. Cornelius Scipioes life who from his childhod gaue great hope shew of a noble nature excellent vertue after he followed the instruction of martiall discipline vnder the conduct of his father He was caried into the field at the beginning of thesecond warre with the CARTHAGINIANS followed the campe being but seuenteene yeare old in a very short time grew so toward forward in al things in riding in watching in taking all maner of paynes like a soldier that he wan great cōmendacion of his own father besides great estimation also of all the army Furthermore he shewed such tokens of a sharp wit noble corage that it made him beloued also feared of his enemies For this Scipio was present at the battell of the horsemen where P. Cornelius Scipio the Consul fought with Annibal by the riuer of Thesin some writers doe affirme that Cornelius the father being hurt was almost taken by the enemye had not his sonne Scipio saued him who had then but a litle downe on his beard he was so young After that also at the battel that was sought by CANNES to the great losse in maner vtter destruction of the Empire of ROME when the ten thowsand men that fled to CANVSIVM had all together with one cōsent referred the gouernment of the army vnto Appius Pulcher that had bene AEdilis and vnto Cornelius Scipio that was yet but very young the same Scipio shewed then by his deedes what noble mind and corage was in him For when he saw certen young men consult together betwene them selues to forsake ITALY he thrust in among them drawing out his sword made them all sweare they would not forsake their contry These and such like deedes done by him with a liuely corage noble mind being then but a young man wanne him such fauor with the ROMANES that not respecting his young yeares nor their auncient custō they called him forward laid offices of great charge gouernment vpon him Insomuch that when he sued for the office of AEdilis before his due time notwithstanding that the Tribunes of the people were against his sute bicause he was so younge a man yet the people suffered him to be brought from tribe to tribe so was presently chosen AEdilis with the most voyces So after his father Vncle both famous and noble Captaines had bene slaine one after the other in SPAYNE that the ROMANES were in consultacion to appoynt some worthy captaine in the roome they could finde no man that durst vndertake this so daungerous warre considering the losse of two so great captaines before Wherfore the whole assēbly being called to choose a Viceconsul all the other Princes peeres of the Realme being silent at so worthy a motion Scipio onely of all the rest being but foure twenty yeare old stoode vp in the middest of thē laid with a good hope confidence he would willingly take the charge vpon him He had no sooner offred this promise but he was presently made Viceconsul of SPAYNE with the wōderful good wil fauor of the people who