retyred from Court into his country of Saldagne where he shewed himselfe as much as he could an enemie to king D. Alphonso D. Fortun third King of Nauarre 23 DVring the raigne of this king of Ouiedo and Leon Nauarre D. Fortun was the third king of Sobrarbre and Nauarre An. 802. who came vnto the Crowne in the yeare 802 after the decease of D. Garcia Inigo his father He was not onely to make head against the Moores but also against the French who spoyled his countries of Nauarre and Arragon as well as those of the Mahumetists for souldiours hold nothing holie but that which is barren and yeelds no bootie During the raigne of this king was that famous defeat at Ronceuaux where he was with his Nauarrois and other confederates for the Spanish partie where the French hauing beene defeated and stripped of their baggage they afterwards did all they could to annoy Spaine This king was married to Theude daughter to D. Galinde by reason whereof he did inherite as some say the countrey of Arragon yet this vnion of Arragon and Nauarre is not receiued by all Authors but is referred to a later time and there are memorials found of other Earles in that countrey after D. Galinde Of this marriage came the infant D. Sancho Garces successor in the realme of Sobrarbre and Nauarre to D. Fortun his father whom it may be this Theude had had to her second husband for some Authors say that she had beene formerly married to one of Charles his captaines and of his bloud called Bernard not he which gouerned Cattelogne D. Fortun had great warres against the Arabian Moores to whom with the Arragonois and other his allyes he gaue battaile at a place called Olcassa or Olaast in the which died D. Ximen Aznaris Earle of Arragon brother to D. Theude the which some maintaine did happen vnder D. Sancho sonne and successor to D. Fortun who was vanquished and slaine by Musa Aben Cacin or Heazin king of Saragosse The Christians woon this battaile of Olcassa by the valour of them of Roncal who had for a testimonie thereof the title and priuiledges of Gentrie which they enjoy at this day D. Sancho Garces sixt King of Nauarre 24 D. Fortun hauing raigned thirteene yeares died An. 815. and there succeeded him in the yeare 815 his sonne D. Sancho Garces who continued the warres against the Moores with good successe There is mention made of a battaile he woon against them in the yeare 821 neere vnto Ochauiere in the which the inhabitants of the valley of Roncal behaued themselues so valiantly as they deserued a new confirmation and enlargement of their priuiledges of Nobilitie These people although they were subjects of Nauarre yet they leuie an annuall tribute of the French their neighbours by an accord made in old time It is a place vnder the jurisdiction of Sanguesse situated in the Pyrenee mountaines of Nauarre confining vpon them of Val Breton which are of France from whom they exact three Cowes euerie yeare on the third day of Iune with certaine ceremonies obserued of old time Some thinke this tribute grew by reason of the warres which this king had with the Gascoines and French who being incensed with the Cont of Ronceuaux did vsually inuade the territories of Sobrarbre and Nauarre who after they had beene vigorously repulsed by him and his successors they were forced to make the aboue-mentioned peace and doe the homage 25 In Arragon Arragon D. Ximen Aznar the sonne of D. Galinde hauing commaunded with the title of Earle a gallant knight who died in the battaile of Olcassa following the partie of D. Fortun Garces of Nauarre or else in the seruice of D. Fortun his sonne about the yeare 803 to him succeeded his vncle called D. Ximen Garces notwithstanding that he had a brother Diuers Earles of Arragon whose name was Endregot whether it were by force or otherwise the Histories make no mention This D. Ximen Garces liued little he was wise and valiant and was slaine in an incounter against the Moores After him D. Garcia Aznaris was fift Earle of Arragon who also did not long enjoy his estate and was slaine fighting valiantly against the Moores in Spaine D. Fortun his sonne did inherite the Earledome of Arragon who imployed himselfe valiantly in the warres against the Moores he died without any sonne so as Arragon was then vnited to Nauarre by the meanes of D. Vrraca daughter to D. Fortun or as some write of D. Endregot Galinde who was married to D. Garcia Inigo second of that name king of Nauarre sonne to Inigo Arista the which was the first woman which did inherite this Countie of Arragon Succession of women in Arragon and brought in a custome that the women should succeed 26 Another Bernard of whom we haue made mention who intitled himselfe Earle of Barcelone Cattelogne Duke and Marquesse of Spaine gouerned Cattelogne about the yeare 796 for the French after the death of Zato the Moore being their vassale and tributarie He had beene Gouernor of Prouence and Languedoe vnder the Emperour Charlemaigne In Cattelogne he made sharpe warres against the Moores wherein he was assisted by a Spanish knight called D. Geoffrey the hairie which succeeded in the gouernment of Barcelone This Geoffrey was Lord of the castle of Arria in the territorie of Conflent and Countie of Barcelone with the helpe of which D. Bernard he tooke from the Moores all the countrey which lyes betwixt the two riuers of Noguera and Lobregat but after the death of Charlemaigne a Gouernor of Guienne called Aymon hauing rebelled against the Emperor Lewis his sonne and successor besides the hurt he did in that Prouince entred into Cattelogne and tooke townes and castles being fauoured by Abderramen king of the Moores at Cordoua and in the yeare 820 these rebellious French and the Moores hauing joyned their forces together they came and besieged Barcelone 27 This Abderramen Moores second of that name had succeeded his father Halihatan who died in the yeare 819 and of the Arabians 202 hauing raigned 24 yeares who of many wiues which Mahumets law doth allow had left 19 sonnes and 21 daughters This warre of Cattelogne was one of Abderramens first exploits in the which Barcelone was taken in the yeare 820 but soone after recouered by the Christians In the yeare 824 died Don Alphonso the chast Ouiedo hauing instituted for his successor D. Ramir An. 824. sonne to D. Bermond or Veremond the Deacon rejecting D. Bernard of Carpio his sisters sonne who was his lawfull heire This Prince raigned 29 yeares and was buried at Ouiedo in S. Maries Church which he had built He was a great benefactor of the Clergies Wee find a donation made by him to the Church of Compostella Letters of donation suspect of about a league of ground about S. Iaques sepulchre but the date of these letters are of the yeare 835 which agrees not with
summes of money vpon the Clergie for two yeares His infirmity increasing hee had such continuall faintings as on the seuen and twentieth of Iune they thought hee would haue died wherefore finding himselfe neere his end he desired to make his will and caused it to be written Testament of king Ferdinand leauing his daughter Queene Ioane for his generall heire and the infant D. Ferdinand his grand child gouernour of Castille to whome he gaue for gouernour D. Gonsal of Guzman treasorer of Calatraua and for his Schoolemaster D. Aluaro Osorio bishop of Astorga hauing a great desire to cause the three masterships of Castille to fall into his hands after his death whereupon he made orders which hee thought might take place but afterwards he reuoked them He had some amendment and came to Aranda of Duero whether Anthony Augustine his Chancellor of Arragon came whom he caused to be apprehended Chancellor of Aâ—â—gon accused to haue sought to dishonor queen Germaine and committed being informed that he had presumed to attempt against the honor of the queene his wife for seeing her too desirous to haue children and the king her husband by reason of his age and infirmitie too weake he had offered her his seruice too familiarly This Chancellor remained in prison till after the kings death and then was set at liberty by the Cardinal Xtmenes who was gouernor of Spaine The same yeare there hauing been an enteruiew at Vienne in Austria betwixt the emperour Maximiliâ—â— and Ladislaus king of Hongarie and Bohemia the marriages were accorded of the infant Ferdinand with Anne Daughter to the said king of Hongarie and of Marie sister to prince Charles of Austria Infanta of Castille with Lewis sonne and heir to the said king Ladislaus 13 King Francis past into Lombardy with a great army what succeeded in those wars you may read at large in the French Historie The Pope seeing all things prosper for the French made an accord with the king they had an enteruiew at Bolonia with great shewes of friendship Enteruiew betwixt Pope Leo and king Franâ—â—â— there they confirmed their league and conferred long of the conquest of Naples for the French king but they resolued to deferre it till after the death of king Ferdinand which they knew to be neere the Pope hauing no desire of it for the quiet of Italie alleaging for excuse that the time of the league which hee had with the Catholike king did not yet expire of sixeteene months yet in shew he seemed verie willing to countenance that conquest so as the French king who was well content to haue it deferred vntil another time for that his treasur was exhausted was verie wel satisfied There the Pragmatike sanction was abolished Pragmatike sanction abolished the Pope granting liberty to the king to the preiudice of the clergy of France to name present men at his pleasure to ecclesiastical dignities and benefices being voide within his realme a priuiledge which belonged to Chapters and Colledge they made many other agreements to the contentment one of another In this estate stood the affaires of Italie towards the end of king Ferdinands daies whose disease did vndermine him by little little yet he would needs part from Segobia to goe into Arragon to the estates whether he had sent Queene Germaine his wife transporting himselfe to Calataiub but he was forced to returne into Castille as well for the affaires of the realme as to giue order to prouide men for Italie in fauour of the emperor Maximilian who made preparation to enter it in the Spring and also to care for the defence of that which he held in Afrike At that time was the marriage betwixt D. Alfonso Peres of Guzman or Aluaro duke of Medina Sydonia and D. Anna of Arragon daughter to D. Alfonso of Arragon the kings Neece to whom one of his Councel comming from visiting a certaine woman whom they held for a Saint in Spaine called the holie woman of Barca reported from her that hee should bee of a good courage for hee should not die before he had conquered Ierusalem but this good woman was deceiued This yeare dyed of a double quarten Ague the great Captaine Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua duke of Sessa Death of D. Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua called the great Captaine Terranoua of Saint Ange marquesse of Bitonto Prince of Squilaci and Constable of the realme of Naples Among the other vertues of this famous man hee is much commended for his great chastity a rare thing in a Spaniard his end was in the seuenty third yeare of his age leauing by his wife D. Maria Henrique one only daughter and heire named D. Eluira of Cordoua his bodie lies in the monastery of Saint Ierosme in that citie The king hearing of the death of this worthy man sent to comfort his widow and daughter 14 In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and sixeteene 1516 which was the last of king Ferdinands life there arriued in Castille at a place called the Sereine doctor Adrian Florent deane of Louuain embassador for Prince Charles of Austria and his Scholemaster who in time was made bishop of Tortosa then Cardinall and successiuely Pope His charge in shew was for matters of gouernement against the Lord of Cheures who was the princes gouernour but in effect he came into Spaine to prie and looke into the state of things and to aduertise the prince And the King dying which was held to bee verie neere hee had authoritie and commaundement to take possession in his name of the gouernement of the realmes of Castille Arragon and the rest The king parted from Plaisance with an intent to goe to Guadalupe there to performe a vow passing from one place to an other his infirmitâ—e still increasing hee stayed at Madrigalejo a borough neere vnto Trugillo where he had a kind of fluxe by reason whereof doctor Adrian who was verie vnpleasing vnto him transported himselfe thither yet shewing him a good countenaunce hee willed him to goe and attend him at Guadalupe his sickenesse encreasing they that were about him were constrayned to aduertise him that his end drew neere the which did much discontent him for hee thought hee had a longer time to liue neyther did hee giue credit to all that his Confessor Frier Thomas of Matienso said vnto him but when they had often reiterated this aduertisement that hee might dispose himselfe to die like a Christian he caused the Licenciat Zapate and doctor Caruaial who were of his chamber and of his Councell to bee called vnto him and with them the Licenciat Vergas his Treasurer who was also of his Councell a man in whom hee had great confidence whom he enioyned and coniured to giue him good and faithfull councell in that which hee should demaund of them hee told them that for the opinion hee had that prince Charles would not come in person to gouerne the realmes of Spaine hee had appoynted the Infant
the island of Sebut where they past the feast of Easter in the yeare 1521 and persuaded the king of that countrey called Hamabar to become a Christian receiuing victuals and persents from him with information of the Molucques In the same island there was another king enemie to Hamaâ—ar called Calpulapo Death of Ferdinand Maâ—â—llanes lord of Mautan against whom Ferdinand Magellanes going to fight was slaine there in battell the 27 of Aprill 1521. Iohn Serran who was chiefe pilot of the armie temaining the chiefe was soone after taken by king Hamabâ—r who had been called Charles at his baptisme and put to death with seuentie other Spaniards Wherefore the three ships parted from thence hauing but an hundred and fifteene men remaining and came to Cohol where they burnt one of their ships there they trimmed vp the two others and then went to Bornoy where they were courteously intreated by the king Sirâ—pida a great and mightie lord who releeued them with all necessaries in which countrey they saw great riches and deuises of gold and siluer Then passing by the island of cinbâ—hon they came to the island of Tidore Fiue islands of Molucques which is one of the fiue of the Molucques whereof the other foure are Terrenate where seuen monethes before this arriuall died Francis Serran a Portugal kinsman to Magellanes who gaue him first knowledge of these islands incouraged him to go thither Mate Matille and Machian which lye vnder the Equinoctiall or thereabouts verie small but abounding in riches being distant from Spaine aboue an hundred and seuentie degrees The king of Tidore called abâ—ansor although he were a Mahumetist suffered these Spaniards to traffique freely and was pleased with their arriuall and with the friendship of the king of Castille The discouerie of these islands in the time of the king D. Manuel did cause great controueries betwixt Castille and Portugal the Portugals pretending that they were thereby interessed and hindered in their course assigned for their nauigation Yet the king D. Manuel moued no debate for before that the newes of this discouerie was knowne in Spaine he ended his dayes towards the end whereof there happened a great plague and famine in Portugal During which afflictions the mariage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Beatrix second daughter to the king D. Manuel Mariage betwixt the duke of Sauoy and D. Beatrix of Portugal and Charles duke of Sauoy to whom she was sent this yeare 1521 with a fleet of three and twentie saile of the which D. Martin of Castiblanc earle of Villanoua was generall being accompanied by D. Martin of Acosta bishop of Lisbone with other noblemen and by D. Leonora de Sylua and a daughter of the earle of Faro with many waiting women The Infanta was then sixteene yeares old and seuen monethes After the returne of this fleet Death of the king D. Manuel about the end of the yeare the king D. Manuel died little lamented by the Clergie of his countrey of whom he had leuied new and vnaccustomed subsidies hauing raigned six and twentie yeares and three monethes in the three and fiftieth yeare of his age He was buried in the monastetie of Belem which he himselfe had caused to be built D. Iohn third of that name fifteenth King of Portugall 28 HIs sonne D. Iohn succeeded him the third of that name at the solemnitie of whose reception there were present some of the Infants his brethren D. Iago duke of Bragance the master of S. Iames the earle of Tentugal the earle of Taroca D. Iohn de Meneses prior of Saint Iohn the great master the marquesse of Tournouo and Villa Real with other noblemen and gentlemen of the realme and the cardinall D. Alphonso his brother in whose hands the oath was taken This prince was fat and vnweldie verie religious Vniuersitie of Coimbra erected and a louer of learned and valiant men He was founder of the Vniuersitie of Coimbra and of the royall colledge of Saint Paul the which he endowed with great reuenues and large stipends for the Regents and Doctors wherein hee was followed and assisted by the cardinall D. Henrie Colledge of Iesuites built at Ebora his brother who built in the citie of Ebora the colledge of Iesuites with professors in the tongues and sciences both sacred and prophane The queene D. Leonora widow to king Manuel was in the yeare 1522 deliuered of an after birth named D. Maria which was not maried This new king continued the nauigations begun by his predecessors with great affection and had great contention with the Emperour Charles in regard of the Molucques whereas the ships of Castille had beene well entertained as we haue said by Almansor king of the island of Tidore whereas the Castillans stayed fiue whole monethes and made a kind of bargaine by the which king Almansor promised to giue so many cloues for a certaine â—â—sure of red cloth blew cloth orlinnen and so proportionably of other spices The warshipe of Castille remaining of Ferdinand Magellanes armie that is the Victorie and the Trinitie diuided themselues and disposed of their returne so as the Trinitie should shape his course to Panama vpon the coast of new Spaine Voyage of Iohn Sebastian del Cano. which they held to be but a short voyage and Iohn Sebastian del Cano with the Victorie following the Portugals voyage should returne into Spaine by the cap Bon Esperance The Victorie then parting from Tidore men of the island of Tidore Aprill 1522 with fortie seuen Spaniards and thirteene in the moneth of they came to Zumatra in old time called Taprobana and theâ—â—repassing vnder the Equinoctioll and the Winter Tropike they doubled the cap of Bon Esperance and arriued in the port of S. Lucar of Barameda in September hauing beene about three yeares in his long and dangerous voyage in the which it is thought that this Iohn Sebastion del Cano made aboue foureteene thousand leagues at sea The other ship called the Trinitie commaunded by a captaine called Spinosa sayling towards new Spaine was put back by contrarie winds to Tidore whither Anthonio Brito a captain for the king D. Iohn was come with fiue ships of Portugal by whom the Castillans were taken and spoyled and carried being fortie eight to Malaca so as of fiue ships which parted with Fernando Magellanes the Victorie onely returned into Spaine besides that of S. Anthonie which would not follow him The voyage of the East Indies hath alwayes beene more successfull for the Portugals than Castillans and at that time the king D. Iohn intreated the Emperour Charles not to suffer his subiects to goe to the Molucques to auoid the ruine of armies which are sent to discouer those countries wherunto he yeelded not knowing what Anthonio Brito had done to the Castillans that were in the Trinitie at Tidore vntill that expert men in the Mathematikes and Nauigation Conference for the limits of the Nauigation betwixt Castile and Portugal
were D. Michel de Moncado D. Bernardin de Cardines and Salazar Captaine of the Citadell of Palermo in the middest were D. Francis Zapate and Lewis Carrillo and in the poupe D. Iohn with the great Commaunder of Castille the Earle of Plego D. Lewis de Cordoua Roderigo de Benauides D. Iohn de Guzman D. Philip de Heredia Ruy Dias de Mendosa and others In Aly Bassas galley were foure hundred Ianisaries shot and some Archers tryed men who fought verie valiantly against D. Iohns Spaniards who entred twice into the Turkes Admirall and were valiantly repulst by them Aly being succoured by diuers others gallies which were about him but such was the resolution of the Christians as they became masters thereof Marc Antonio Colonna arriuing in whose galley was the Commander Romeias who wanted neither iudgement nor courage Aly Bassa was slaine and in a maner all that were in his galley his head was cut from his bodie and presented vnto D. Iohn who caused it to bee set vpon the end of a pike for a spectacle to encourage the Christians to pursue the victorie and to daunt the Turkes who began then to faint Iohn Andrew Doria was also Victor on his part but some said that hee might haue done better if hee had list for hee suffered Vluccialy to escape In these actions there is no man troubled but such as are in them the rest speake at pleasure The most furious combat was in the left wing of the armie whereas the Proueditor Barbarigo commaunded who left scarce any one of the enemies gallies but was broken sunk or taken This wise and valiant Captaine was shot into the eye with an arrow whereof hee dyed Portau Bassa fled away in a boat seeing Aly slaine and the battell lost Caracossa Gouernour of Valona a famous Pyrat was slaine by Honorat Gaietan Captaine of one of the Popes Gallies The valour of Martin de Padille was great who with his onely galley tooke three of the enemies It was an horrible spectacle to see the Sea dyed with bloud full of dead Carkasses and peeces of gallies Many sought to runne themselues on gronnd but they were preuented by the Venetian gallies many Turkes cast themselues into the Sea thinking to saue their liues by swimming but they fainted and perished before they got to land It was the greatest victorie that had beene at Sea in many ages Number of the dead The battell continued eighteene houres wherein they spent some part of the night there died about fiue and twentie thousand Turkes and almost all the Commaunders others write that there were fifteene thousand Turkes slaine and seuen thousand Christian and some write thirteene thousand There were taken and carried away one hundred and seuenteene gallies and thirteene Galleots and many were sunke the number whereof was vnknowne there were some thirtie and nine gallies galleots and foists which escaped and came to Lepanto which relikes Vluccialy had charge to conduct to Constantinople yet they were so ill handled as hee was faine to leaue sixe of them behind They tooke one hundred and seuenteene Canons and two hundred fiftie and eight small peeces of Ordnance some number three thousand eight hundred fortie and sixe prisoners and some 5000 among which were the two Sons of Aly Bassa Sirocco gouernor of Negropont was taken but he was so wounded as he died soone after his wife who was exceeding faire was also taken prisoner There were 15000 Christian slaues set at libertie The Christians besides priuat men lost 14 Captaines of gallies and sixty knights of Malta and aboue eight thousand that were hurt of men of name there were slaine Augustin Barbarigo the Prouiditor with fifteene other gentlemen of Venice D. Bernardin de Cardine a Spaniard Horatio and Virginio Vrsini with diuers others and of wounded D. Iohn himselfe the Generall Veniero Paul Iourdain Vrsini the earle of Sancta Fiora Troilo Saâ—elli and Thomas de Medicis They found in Alys galley two and twentie thousand peeces of gold called Soldamini and in that of Caracossa forty thousand The whole prey was diuided at Port Caligiero some write at Corfu to euerie one of the confederates according to the rate the king of Spaine had of six parts three the state of Venice two and the Pope one and all the captaines and souldiers were commended and rewarded for their good seruice After which D. Iohn Marc Antonio Colonna and D. Iohn Andrew Doria retyred to Messina whereas they found that the Marquesse of Pescara the Viceroy was newly dead hauing frequented women too much Marc Antonio Colonna went to Rome the great Commaunder of Castille with him to treat with the Pope touching the next yeres seruice for the league and to goe to his gouernment of the duchie of Milan which the king had giuen him after the death of the duke of Albuquerque This victorie was wonne the seuenth of October 1571 without any further poursuit for the opinions of the commanders depending of sundrie masters were diuers and also for that the season of the yeare was too farre spent The duke of Alba being incensed against the Queene of England Duke of Alba sends to treat with the queene of England for that she had staied his money and as hee thought fauoured the Rebels of the Netherlands vnder hand he studied how to crosse her and to cause some troubles in her Countrie and to giue the better forme to that which had been begun by his practises hee sent Chiapin Vitelli vnder colour to treat with her of the composition of reprisals and restitution of that which had beene taken from king Philips subiects but hee gaue him secret instructions against that state if hee might conueniently effect them There was no meanes to come to any accompt for the spoiles which were taken by the English from any of the king of Spaines subiects or adherents for that they were either wasted by priuat men or else the truth could not be verified Wherefore Vitelli was sent backe with good words and could doe nothing in that respect And as for the enterprises whereof hee had charge to conferre with certaine Noble men discontented with the present gouernment hee could not worke any thing for during his aboad in England hee was carefully obserued yet the Pope had his Spies and Negotiators in the countrie and did solicite king Philip to help to depriue the queen both of her crowne and life and that the Roman Catholikes and such as vnder that pretext desired innouations might be the Masters To effect this they had need both of men and money but especially of a stranger to bee their leader such a one as the duke of Alba whome they held to be fitter than any other The king whither through importunitie or willingly being full of other affaires yeelded and it happened that Chiapin Vitelli after his returne from England comming into Spaine to craue leaue of the king for that he was called into Italie by some princes vnto whome
forces vnited together they should easily vanquish the other Romane armie which remained and by that meanes end the warre in Spaine Being arriued the joy was great among the captaines and armies rejoycing at this late obtained victorie whereas so great and redoubted a captaine of the enemies had beene slaine and all his armie defeated wherefore being full of hope they assured themselues to doe as much vnto the others There was yet no newes of this lamentable defeat in Cneus Scipioes armie Heauinesse in Scipioes armie without any apparant cause but there was seene a sad mournefull silence as if they had had some secret presage as it happens often to such as doe diuine of an approaching mischiefe The Generall of the armie besides that he found himselfe weakened and abandoned by his allies hearing that Asdrubals armie was so much renforced was much perplexed and could not by any conjecture and reason of warre imagine other than what had happened For what reason were it to thinke that Asdrubal and Mago could passe without fighting if his brother had beene liuing Why did he not hinder them or at the least coast them and follow them to come and joyne with his brother if he could not keep the enemies armies from joyning Being in this perplexitie seeing no other meanes to assure himselfe but by a retreat hee parted secretly in the night vnknowne to the enemie causing his armie to make a long march But the day hauing discouered his departure the Numidian horsemen were presently sent after who ouertooke the Romane armie toward the euening and skirmishing stayed them much charging them sometimes behind and sometimes vpon the flankes Scipio gaue order that in fighting the armie should still aduance fearing the enemies battailons of foot which marched with all speed after their horse In the end night approached and yet the Romanes had not much aduanced being forced to make often stands against the Moores who did continually annoy them Wherefore Cneus Scipio retired with all his troupes to a little hill a place of small aduantage for them that were alreadie wauering yet the seat was somewhat higher than the fields about it There he lodgeth and puts his horsemen and all his baggage in the middest and his footmen make a circle round about and so did easily resist the attempts of the Moores But when as the Generals with their complete armies were joyned together hee saw there was no meanes to make it good by fighting if he did not intrench himselfe after the accustomed manner Wherefore he began to aduise by what meanes he might make his palisadoes but he was come into a bare barren and drie soyle where there was neither trees nor bushes nor any ground fit to make flagges neither could they digge into it nor make it hard for the enemie to approach for the ascent was easie on all sides yet to make a kind of rampar hee caused them to take their packe-saddles and dorsers and to tye them together wherewith the souldiours made as it were a wall of a conuenient height round about them filling vp the places which wanted with such baggage as they had The Carthaginians being arriued put themselues in order to assaile this little hill but discouering a new kind of rampar and not accustomed they were somewhat amazed but their commaunders began to crie How now souldiours why stay you why doe you not speedily pull vp and scatter this baggage which doth amaze you and is not fit to stop women nor children The enemie is ours wee hold him fast being hidden behind those cofers and burthens Thus contemptuously did the captaines speake yet was it not so easie to make a breach The Roman armie forced and defeated nor to passe ouer them but in the end they forced them and the souldiors found passage in diuers places so as they made a great slaughter of the Romans yet the greatest part of the vanquished saued themselues by flight who finding woods and forests a good number of them after a long and tedious journey came vnto P. Scipioes campe commaunded by T. Fonteius Cn. Scipio slaine the lieutenant Cn. Scipio was also slaine in this assault at the hill as some say in the beginning of the fight others notwithstanding affirme That he thought to saue himselfe with some few men in a tower which was there adjoyning the which being enuironed by the enemie and the gates set on fire they were all taken and slaine Behold two great captaines brethren dead and their armies defeated in lesse than a moneth leauing the Romans affaires in Spaine so troubled and in such despaire as they might well say all was lost But humane things are gouerned by a higher power who doth not alwaies impart his decrees to our discourses 9 There was a Roman knight called L. Martius Anno 541 of Rome sonne to Septimius a yong man actiue hardie and of greater courage than could be expected in a man of his condition who assured the remainders of the legions and the faithfull allies of the Roman state and reuiued Spaine from their sorrow and mourning The courage of L. Martius reâ—iâ—es the Romans from despaire for the losse of two such great personages and of so many good men and from the calamitie and daunger they were then in and in the end recouered the honour and fame of the Romanes which was growne contemptible Hee had with his generous disposition learned good discipline vnder Cn. Scipio And hauing gathered many of them together which had fled from the defeat and drawne a good number of souldiours out of the garrisons and vnited townes he made a little armie and came and joyned with T. Fonteius P. Scipioes lieutenant This armie being on this side Ebro in a campe well fortified it was resolued to chuse a head that should commaund ouer all and that they should take their voyces therein as the bands should enter into gard one after another L. Martius being but a knight was so gracious as all in generall gaue him their voyces and he was chosen Captaine Generall of the Roman armie L. Martius chosen Generall of the Roman army After which time hee was verie carefull to fortifie himselfe in places of strength and to prouide store of victuals and munition finding the souldiours readie to execute whatsoeuer hee commaunded But it was not long before there came newes vnto the campe That Asdrubal the sonne of Gisgo marched towards them to make an end of the warre and to free the countrey of those few Romanes which were yet remaining in Spaine Then the souldiours remembring their old captaines began to faint at their new captaines commands so as the centeniers and other officers and bands yea and L. Martius himselfe had much adoe to reuiue them reproaching them that they behaued themselues faintly like women making fruitlesse lamentations which was not the meanes to reuenge the deathes of their Generals nor to recouer their lost honour The enemies were not far off
Carthaginians entrenched themselues suddainely vpon a mount and there defended themselues easily against the Romanes who did striue to get vp yet being in a naked and desart place and vnfit to endure a siege of few dayes many disbanded and went to the Romanes campe the which Asdrubal perceiuing he abandoned his souldiors embarked himselfe and passed into the 〈◊〉 of Calis Scipio aduertised of his flight left Syllanus with tenne thousand foot and a thousand horse to besiege their campe and he with the rest of the armie returned in 70 daies to Tarracone where he should dispose of the affaires of the princes and noblemen of Spaine and giue rewards according to euery ones merit After his departure Massinissa practised by Sillanus Syllanus had secret conference with Massinissa who hauing new designes in his head passed into Africke with a small traine that he might draw his people to his owne humor The cause of his suddaine change did not then appeare the which he did afterwards justifie by a long and constant loyaltie wherein hee did persist vntill his death Mago did also passe into the Island of Gades Asdrubal hauing sent backe the vessels so as the armie being abandoned by the Commaunders was dispersed some sauing themselues by flight in the neighbour townes and some yeelding to the Romanes In this manner were the Carthaginians chased out of Spaine The Carthaginians chased out of Spaine about the twelfth yeare of the second Punick warre by the conduct and happinesse of Publius Scipio fiue yeares after that he had had the charge of the armies and gouernment of Spaine Within few daies after Syllanus came to Scipio being at Tarracone bringing him newes that the warre was ended L. Scipio was sent from thence to Rome with many prisoners of marke to carrie newes of the absolute victorie obtained of the Carthaginians in Spaine But Scipio not content to haue effected so great matters in that countrey had a greater designe so great was his mind and so desirous of glorie Wherefore knowing that there was not any one man to make head against him in Spaine he embraced all Africke Great dangers accompany great enterprises whither he passed to make factions and to trouble the Carthaginians Estate the which succeeded happily but it may be with greater hazard than was fit for his ranke Pub. Cornelius Scipio being returned out of Africke where he had withdrawne from the alliance of the Carthaginians king Siphax their neighbour and although hee did now see Spaine quiet in respect of the Africanes yet he knew that some townes did containe themselues more for feare than for any loue as those which had greatly incensed the Romanes during the precedent warres the first and chiefe either in greatnesse or offence were Castulo and Illiturgis Castulo and Illiturgis 〈◊〉 and rebellious townes Those of Castulo had shewed themselues friends during the prosperitie of the Romanes but after the defeat and death of the two Scipioes they had reuolted to the Carthaginians The Illiturgians had done worse for besides their reuolt they had deliuered such as had saued themselues there after these defeats to the slaughter These crimes were wisely dissembled by Scipio when hee came first into the Prouince and that matters were yet doubtfull for if he should then haue punished them he should haue respected justice more than profit Not expedient at all times to be iust All things being now assured and quiet hee thought it a fit time to punish them Wherefore hauing called Lu. Martius to Tarracone he sent him to besiege Castulo with the third part of his forces and hee himselfe departing from Carthagena led the rest of his armie before Illiturgis whither he came in fiue dayes march The inhabitants doubting that they would not leaue their trecheries vnpunished had fortified their towne and furnished themselues with all things necessarie to endure a siege Scipio let his souldiors vnderstand That these Spaniards did rightly feare that which they had merited exhorting them to goe against them with greater furie than against the Carthaginians themselues For sayd he the quarrell which wee haue had against them of Carthage Scipio besiegeth Illiturgis was onely for glorie and desire of rule but wee take armes against these men to punish them for their wickednesse and cruell treason The time is now come when wee shall reuenge the murthers done vnto our companions and the trecherie which they had prepared for you if you had fallen into their hands after the defeats and therefore let vs deale so as neuer any Nation shall hereafter dare to wrong the souldiors or citizens of Rome in any disgrace whatsoeuer Hauing animated his souldiors with these words hee commaunded ladders should be brought and distributed to the most assured companies then diuiding his armie into two he commaunded That Lelius his Lieutenant should assayle the towne on the one side and he would lead the rest into diuers places the which was executed with great courage and resolution The townesmen had no need of any captaine to encourage them in their defence for euery one knowing his danger The remembrance of great crimes make men desperat was both a spurre to himselfe and his companion saying That it was not the honour of a victorie which they sought of them but their punishment That they must make an account to die but it was more honest and safe to hazard it fighting whereas euery one giueth as well as taketh and oftentimes the vanquished riseth and the victor falleth rather than to be led bound and manacled after that wee shall haue seene our towne burnt to ashes to end our liues with torments and all ignominie in the sight of our wiues and children Honor and libertie animate valiant men who shall be made slaues Wherefore they came resolutely to the walls not onely such as were able to carrie armes but old men women and children which made resistance aboue their forces they brought stones and gaue armes to those that did fight It was not onely a question of libertie which giueth courage to valiant men but they did apprehend the horror of punishments and the vild and ignominious death which they should suffer euery one tooke courage seeing his companions valour Wherefore if it was well assayled it was better defended so as this Romane armie which had subdued all Spaine being often repulsed by the inhabitants did shamefully wauer Which Scipio perceiuing he feared least his men should faint after so many vaine attempts and the enemies should grow more hardie wherefore hee thought it needfull to hazard his owne person and to bee partaker of the danger whereupon he commanded them to make ready their ladders againe and reproching the souldiors of cowardise he aduanced to mount himselfe if he had found them slacke and came neere vnto the wals Scipio obstinate to vanquish or die not without great danger but the souldiors being very carefull of their Generall began all to crie out and
to be rebaptized after the Arrian manner which was In the name of the Father to the Sonne by the holy Ghost and not In the name of the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost meaning thereby to make three essences of that which is but one distinct in three qualities Herein he was assisted by Vincent bishop of Sarragosse an Apostat against whom Seuerus a Christian bishop of Malaca did write As Leouigilde busied himselfe about these matters Conspiracle of the mother in law and the son against the father some good and profitable others prophane and wicked his peace was troubled by the rebellion of his owne sonne who either through desire to raigne alone or otherwise and by the persuasion of Gosuinthe his mother in law he seized vpon Seuille and many other places and leuied men to fortifie himselfe against his father who hauing put a great armie to field marched to Seuille to suppresse the rashnesse of his ill aduised sonne besieged the towne on all sides and began to batter it with all sorts of engines Miro king of Gallicia came to this siege with good troups as a friend and allie to aid him The auntient towne of Italica was not farre from Seuille for we read that Leouigilde made his store-house for the warre there during the siege hauing caused the walls which were ruined to be repaired the which did much annoy them of Seuille from the which he turned the riuer of Betis and prest the besieged by continuall batteries assaults cutting off their victuals and all other acts of hostilitie so as in the end he tooke it and soone after the towne of Cordoua also in the which his sonne had fortified himselfe with all the other places which he had vsurped Being thus spoiled of all and depriued of his dignitie Hermengilde was confined to Valence This ciuile warre did afflict Spaine more than all the former as the Spaniards write 25 During the siege of Seuille The end of the kingdome of the Sueues in Gallicia Miro king of Gallicia died to whom Eburic his sonne succeeded but Andeca seized vpon the realme of the Sueues maried Siseguta left by king Miro tooke Eburic and shut him vp in a cloister of Monkes To reuenge this injurie and also to make his profit thereof Leouigilde entred into Gallicia with an armie tooke Andeca caused him to be polled and sent him to Badaios to liue for euer in a cloister He reduced Gallicia to a prouince and joyned it to the Gothes kingdome the which had continued an hundred seuentie and seuen yeares Hermengilde being found at Tarracone was there slaine by Sisbert yet the Spaniards varie in this point Hermengilde a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian some saying That he was shut vp in a tower at Seuille where he lost his head holding him for a Saint and that he was slaine on Easter day by the commaundement of his father who was an Arrian for that he had imbraced the Christian religion for the which he had rebelled and had caused great troubles in Spaine the which Saint Gregorie and Beda doth witnesse and it is likely that this prince was drawne vnto the true doctrine by Leandre bishop of Seuille and by his wife Iugunde a French woman whom they say he put in the beginning of the ciuile warres into the hands of those that gouerned the lands of the empire in Spaine vnder Maurice the emperour being newly brought in bed of a sonne fearing the threats and furie of his father and that after her husbands death the Romanes caused her to passe into Africke with her little infant where she died but the child was carried to Constantinople Childebert king of France War betwixt the the French and the Gothes for the death of Hermengilde to reuenge the wrong done vnto his brother in law tooke armes against the Gothes and hoping to recouer his sister and his nephew hee made a league with the emperour Maurice Against the French which did forrage Languedoc was sent Ricaire the other sonne of Leouigilde who repulst them with great losse of their men entring into their territories where he tooke a great spoile They speake of many myracles during the raigne of this king which God did in fauour and confirmation of the Christian religion Myracles against the Arrians and their sect the which hee had decreed should haue an end with this king Leouigilde The ciuile warre being as we haue said hot in Spaine the armie of Leouigilde pursuing his sonne and passing by the territories of Valencia and Murcia the Monkes of the Abbey of Saint Martin in those marches being terrified abandoned their Abbot and fled all into an island of the sea neere adjoyning The souldiours being entred into the Abbey and finding the Abbot all alone being a verie deuout and religious man and crooked with age they did him many outrages one of them hauing drawne out his sword to cut off his head he fell downe starke dead the which did so terrifie the rest as they presently fled This being reported vnto king Leouigilde he commanded that all the goods which had beene taken in that monasterie should be restored An Arrian bishop meaning to deceiue the king who reproached him that the Arrians did no myracles suborned one of his sect who could counterfeit himselfe blind causing him to stand in the way whereas he knew the king should passe there this gallant began to crie out and to entreat this bishop which did accompanie the king that he would make him recouer his sightby his prayers The bishop approached and laying his hands arrogantly vpon his eyes the king being present and attending to see this myracle it happened that hee which did counterfeit himselfe blind Acounterfeit begger diuinely punished lost his sight in good earnest and withall was so full of paine in that part as detesting the bishop and his cousinage hee confest openly before the king and his traine That the bishop had induced him to act this tragedie and had corrupted him with money Many other signes are written to haue beene seene in those times the which we will not call into question for that the end and vse of myracles is to witnesse and to giue credit to the word of God and his true doctrine which was then disgraced by the Arrian princes Spaine was furnished with many learned and holy men whilest that the Arrians did raigne in Africke and did persecute the Christians They make mention of one Donat an Abbot who passed out of Africke into Spaine with about 70 Monkes and a goodly librarie where he was the founder of the monasterie Seruitane and that they were entertained by a rich ladie called Minicea who then built the first monasterie at Setabis which is Xatiua This Donat did first set downe certaine rules and orders for a monasticall life among them for vntill that time they were not tyed by any vowes neither had they liued in cloisters but were dispersed in
Christians who desired to abate the power of the Moores and to keepe them diuided all they could came to succour the Toledanes being led by one of the sonnes of king D. Ordogno both armies met not farre from the citie neere vnto the riuer of Guadacelette Mahumets victorie but Mahumet had the victorie there were slaine in this battaile 13000 Moores of Toledo and 8000 Christians yet all this could not make him master of the towne Mahumet being victor he caused the heads of his enemies to be carried into diuers townes to strike terror into those that would rebell for it was the custome of that nation at the change of Princes to stirre vp new troubles This warre continued three yeares vnto the death of the king D. Ordogno 33 Cont Bernard of Barcelone liued at this time Cattelogne much fauored in the Court of the Emperour Lewis the Gentle not without enuie especially of such as had had the gouernment of Prince Bernard the sonne of Pepin king of Italie in his youth He was accused to haue committed adulterie with the Empresse Iudith D. Geoffrey Earle or Gouernour of Barcelone whatsoeuer the cause were D. Geoffrey of Arria succeeded him in the Countie of Barcelone in the yeare 839. In the yeare 841 Ouiedo king D. Ordogno being much afflicted with the Gout and other infirmities was withall oppressed with griefe for the rout of his men which he had sent to succour the Toledanes whereupon he fell grieuously sick and died hauing gouerned the realme of Leon and Ouiedo tenne yeares The letters and titles of the Church of S. Iaques of Compostella giue longer liues to these kings for there is one found of king D. Ordogno of the yere 854 and another of the yeare 862 yea of 874 wherefore there is no great certaintie of the time in the raignes of the kings of Ouiedo and Leon. These letters and titles differ aboue 33 yeares from the common opinion D. Alphonso third of that name twelfth King of Ouiedo 34 ALphonso the Great Anno 841 sonne to D. Ordogno Ouiedo was but foureteene yeares old or ten as some say when he began to raigne a prince endowed with all royall vertues whose life and gouernment was long His entrie was disquieted by a knight of Gallicia called D. Froila Bermudes who contemning the kings youth did rise and seise vpon the Crowne D. Alphonso being retired to Alaua to preserue himselfe against this tyrant as he was busie to raise an armie of his friends and subiects he had newes that D. Froila being come to Ouiedo the chiefe towne of the whole realme Tyrannie and vsurpation iustly punished to be crowned there he had beene slaine by the Senators and Councellors which had conspired against him wherefore he came thither was receiued and recouered his realme in peace Then was there gouernour in Alaua a knight called Eylo or Zeybon brother to one Zenon which some Authors say had beene Lord of Biscaie This Eylo as soone as Alphonso was setled in his realme of Ouiedo rebelled against him and drew from him all which the kings of Ouiedo held in that prouince D. Alphonso who was then at Leon being aduertised of this disorder marcht with such forces as he could gather readily together towards Alaua where his presence caused him to be generally obeyed He tooke this gouernor and carried him to Ouiedo where he ended his dayes in prison Mahumet Moores first Moore of that name raigned then in Spaine against whom the earle of Barcelone made sharpe warres but with small successe He sent an armie against the Christians led by two captaines Imundar and Alcama the which came and lodged about Leon as if they would besiege it Anno 842. in the yeare 842. But king D. Alphonso succoured it and forced the Moores to retire In the end of Abderramens raigne there had beene a great persecution against the Christians which dwelt in the Moores countries whereof their insolencies and rebellions was the cause The libertie of Christians among the Moors in Spaine They had as we haue said libertie of their religion and they were suffered to build Temples and Monasteries at their pleasures their Priests and Monkes did freely vse their seuerall habits They had Iudges and Rectors among them to administer iustice vnder the authoritie of the Mahumetane kings onely they were forbidden to enter into the Mosquee and not to speake ill of their Prophet Mahumet They payed tributes the which were sometimes augmented as necessitie required or according to the passions of their kings Whereupon many Christians tooke occasion to murmure and to make bitter complaints the which did incense the Moores Some Christians of more iudgement exhorted the rest to patience foreseeing the mischiefe but it was in vaine yea Accafred a Bishop and Seruand an Earle who were of these moderators were condemned by a Councell and are blamed by the Authors of Histories who haue made no scruple to put in the number of Martyres those rebells which perished in this massacre the which was great and continued ten yeares for an aduertisement to all others not to rise against their prince to whom they are made subiect by the will of God especially for their temporall goods In the meane time the quarell betwixt this Miralmumin and them of Toledo continued and their obstinacie was such as Mahumet seeing they would not acknowledge him vpon any conditions he sent a mightie armie against them vnder the conduct of his brother or as some hold of his sonne called Almondir who spoyled rased and burnt all that was within the territorie of Toldo and yet no man durst make head against him his forces were so great King D. Alphonso imbracing this occasion of the Moores diuisions being entred into league with the French and Nauarrois D. Alphonso spoyles the Moors country he entred and spoyled their countrey They hold that Bernard of Carpio was chiefe of this armie Mahumet did aboue all things desire to subdue them of Toledo the which was a great and strong citie and therefore hard to be forced Wherefore he resolued to reduce it to extremitie of victuals by a long siege and so force them to yeeld Anno 848. And hauing raised a great armie in the yeare 848 he led it himselfe in person against the Toledanes who issued out of the towne resoluing to fight with him but it was to their losse and confusion for they were forced to retire with shame the towne was besieged the bridge vpon the riuer of Tayo the worke of king Hisem was beaten downe the Moores call bridges Alcantara and all meanes of succours taken from the inhabitants Wherefore they began somewhat to yeeld Toledo reduced vnder the obedience of the Morres at Cordoua and to talke of a composition wherein they were heard and satisfied so as Mahumet entred the citie with great ioy hauing reduced so great a people vnder his obedience From whence he sent some troupes to
siege before the citie from whence notwithstanding they were forced to retyre by the vertue and good gouernment of those that were within it as well souldiors as citizens Soone after this king died the which according vnto some was about the yeare nine hundred thirtie nine and of the Arabians raigne three hundred twentie two hauing raigned fiftie yeares in Spaine Hee was a louer of learning so as in his time Philosophie Phisicke and all other Arts did flourish at Cordoua 11 Hali Hatan his sonne succeeded him Hali Hatan 9 Soueraigne King of the Moores in Spaine to whom king D. Sancho sent a great embassage to treat a peace betwixt the two kingdomes whereof D. Velasco Bishop of Leon was the chiefe who had charge to demaund the bodie of the infant Pelagins slaine by king Abderramen to make a relicke thereof During this time Leon. there arose a great tumult and sedition in Gallicia vpon certaine priuate mens quarrells Sedition in Galicia who slew one another cruelly without any respect vnto the king nor justice Wherefore the king D. Sancho was forced to lead an armie thither with the which he did punish some of the mutines and did force some of the rest to leaue the countrey They passed the riuer of Duero and yet retyred into a countrey which did belong vnto the jurisdiction of Leon in that quarter the which was gouerned by an Earle or Gouernor called D. Gonsales vnder the king D. Sancho This bad vassale in stead of supporting the kings justice against these mutines tooke armes in their fauour and was so rash as to oppose himselfe against the kings forces which pursued them into his gouernment but remembring his owne follie in time he had recourse to the the kings clemencie who pardoned him making his onely to confesse his fault and to take a new oath of fealtie Notable disloyaltie yet this trecherous and ingratefull wretch smothering in his breast the venome of treason within few dayes after poysoned his king and naturall Prince with an apple which he gaue him The king who distrusted nothing did presently bite of it but his heart being suddainely infected with the poyson he began to shake and to shew other signes that he was strucken with death wherefore he made hast to returne to Leon but he died vpon the way in the twelfth yeare of his raigne and of our redemption 941 and lyes at S. Sauiours in Leon. He had by wife D. Theresa one sonne called D. Ramir who succeeded him in the realme of Leon. They find it written That a little before his death there were great flames of fire seene rise out of the Ocean Prodigie the which being carried vp into Spaine burnt a great countrey and manie villages as farre as Zamora In the meane time the Earle of Vrgel gouerned in Barcelone and Cattelogne Barcelone as tutor to his nephewes sonnes vnto the Earle D. Mir the last deceased being vnder age whereof the eldest to whom the Earledome belonged was called D. Sâ—niofrid as his tutor was Of this Earle of Vrgel issued two sonnes D. Borel who was the sixt Earle of Barcelone and D. Armingaud Bishop of Vrgel who was reputed a Saint The State of Barcelone and Cattelogne was gouerned by him in qualitie of tutor for the space of twentie yeares The religion of Spaine in those times was wholly reduced to the seeking out of Martyrs bones Religion in Spaine in those times and other relickes The building of Monasteries gifts and foundations were held most meritorious as well for the liuing as for the dead The inuocation of Saints deceased whose victories peace and other prosperities well knowne to the world were then in credit Most of the Bishops and Pastors were either verie prophane or exceeding superstitious and ignorant In the raigne of D. Ramir Ordogno the third The Bishops of Spaine in those dayes and Sancho the fat there had beene Bishops of Compostella after Sisenand the fourth Gundesin who was much vnlike vnto his predecessor in holinesse of life whose health was obtained by the prayers which his mother a verie deuout woman made continually as the Spaniards say before S. â—aques Sepulchre which the Angelicall voices heard at the Bishops decease did witnesse after whom Hermigild was chosen a very prophane man then came Sisenand as bad as the other You may conjecture that the other Bishoprickes were no better furnished then that of Compostella These kings made foundations and gaue infinite priuiledges to Abbots and other Clergie men for the redemption of their soules and of their predecessors as their letters aboue mentioned containe D. Garcia Sanches Nauarre did also confirme the vow of S. Emylian in his countrey by letters dated in the yeare nine hundred thirtie foure The Bishops did the like for their parts Galinde Bishop of Pampelone for the great deuotion which he had vnto the Couent of S. Sauiour of Leyra where sometimes had beene the Episcopall seat of Pampelone gaue vnto the Abbot and religious of that place all the titles of the Archpresbiterie of the valley of Onsella by an Instrument dated nine hundred thirtie eight The King D. Garcia and D. Theresa his wife gaue Villar de la Tour neere vnto Nagera with all the territorie and jurisdiction to the same Monasterie in the yeare nine hundred fortie three Moreouer by other letters dated in the yeare nine hundred fortie foure D. Garcia and the Queene his wife and D. Galinde the Bishop who is there called by the King his lord and master confirme the donation of part of the titles belonging to the Bishop of the places aboue mentioned And besides there is another donation made of all that the king of Nauarre should conquer from the Moores Infidels and Barbarians D. Ramir the third of that name and twentieth King of Leon. 12 IN the yeare nine hundred fortie one Leon. D. Ramir was setled king at Leon at whose comming the Norman pyrats did much annoy the coast of Gallicia This king being verie young he was gouerned by the Queene D. Theresa his mother and by D. Eluâ—ra sister to the deceased king his father being a religious woman The peace which had beene treated with Hali Hatan was confirmed by the mediation of the Bishop D. Velasco who was at Cordoua at the death of D. Sancho and had brought with him the bodie of the infant Pelagius Monasterie of S. Pelagius the which was layed in a Monasterie built to that end by the deceased king The Normanes which came into Gallicia being led by a captaine called Gundired spoyled all along the sea shore and entring into the maine land they burnt townes villages and castles spoyling and putting all to the sword they encountred holding as it were the possession of Gallicia for the space of two whole yeares the which the king D. Ramir had no meanes to resist by reason of his nonage yet in the end he was persuaded to send some troupes of souldiors
neuer seene any cause to suspect his wife of any dishonestie neither would he lightly belieue that which his sonne had said but examining this businesse carefully he sought by all means to discouer the truth yet he caused the Queene to be put in prison in the castle of Nagera then taking D. Fernand his second sonne apart he examined him vpon this fact who answered the king doubtfully the which increased his suspition more than before wherefore the king called an assemblie of noblemen and of his Councell to whom he propounded this pitifull case demanding their aduice They answered that the Queene must purge her selfe by contrary proofes according vnto the Lawes or according to the custome which was then in vse shee should finde a knight to defend her cause by armes else she must suffer the punishment due to such an offence which was to be burnt The poore Ladie attending this sentence made her continuall prayers vnto God to make her innocencie knowne who heard her prayers for after some daies no man daring to present himselfe to defend this princesse honor The vertue of D. Ramir the bastard condemning the lawfull children of Nauarre D. Ramir the kings bastard son offred himselfe to enter combate for the Queene against any that would maintaine the accusation which was layed against her As they prepared themselues to the combat there was a religious man of good fame and much respected in Nauarre who doubting of this fraude or otherwise aduertised by the prouidence of God came vnto D. Garcia and D. Fernand the kings sons whom he persuaded with such liuelie reasons as they were toucht in conscience and began to apprehend the foulenesse of their offence to haue sought her death who was the cause of their being against all truth and for a matter of so small moment wherefore casting themselues at this holy mans feet they confest their fault demanding pardon of God and intreating him to finde some meanes that this pursute might cease Queene of Nauares innocenciâ— iustified the Queenes innocencie knowne and that they might be restored to the kings fauour The religious man hauing comforted them went vnto the king to whom he declared what he had done and what he vnderstood from his sonnes intreating him to pardon their offence whom youth and choler had thus transported The king being joyfull of the innocencie of his wife deliuered her out of prison and meaning that the fauour which they pretended to recouer should depend wholly of their mother Affection of a mother he sent them vnto her but she shewing her selfe a true mother did forget the cause she had to dislike her ill aduised sonnes and pardoning them with a motherlie affection shee restored them to the kings fauour In this action D. Ramir shewed himselfe both vertuous and valiant wherein hee purchased the more honour by this circumstance That hee being sonne of an other woman would defend the reputation of his mother in law against her owne children in recompence whereof the king D. Sancho assigning portions for his children in his life time gaue after his death the Earledome of Arragon to D. Ramir with the title of king By this diuision of portions made by the king D. Sancho and D. Nugna D. Fernand was also graced with a royall title in the succession of Castille which fell vnto her by the violent death of her brother D. Garcia as we will shew Nauarre remayning to D. Garcia the elder brother and the ancient realme of Sobrarbre to D. Gonsalo meaning to honour all his children with the names and titles of Kings which was the cause of great diuisions among these brethren which haply had ceased if one of them had beene made soueraigne King ouer the rest the which had maintained the Christians estate in Spaine better vnited and of more force to repulse the Moores The time of this action of adulterie is vncertaine The king D. Sancho was a very deuout and religious Prince Religious deeds of D. Sancho the great after the manner of those times for besides the confirmation of gifts which he and his wife gaue to S. Emylian of the towne of Ventose annexed to this place by D. Garcia his father and others he made a vow to giue vnto the Coueat of S. Saluator of Leyre the tenth of bread and wine and the herbage of such places as he should take from the Moores and with this hope in the yeare 1015 he raised an armie to inuade the Infidels by the frontier of Funes at which place of Funes he gaue to the same Monasterie a field of Vines which he had of the inhabitants for that he had slaine tenne Moores in the time of peace for the which they ought a thousand solz for a fine which were so many crownes or thereabouts More in Falses he gaue a possession house vine and other appurtenances and in Nagera the houses vines and fields of king Antrayo but what he was we haue no certaine knowledge These things he gaue to the Church of S. Saluator of Leyre It is not knowne what was the successe of D. Sanchoes warre against the Moores but that by conjecture it was good for that in that time there is a confirmation made by him of nobilitie and exemptions graunted by his predecessors to the inhabitants of Roncal The zeale of this religious Prince was such Councels in Nauarre as he called a Councell at S. Saluator de Leyre in the yeare 1022 but the chiefe decree was a confirmation of priuiledges graunted to this Monasterie by his grandfather D. Sancho and D. Vrraca his grandmother and D. Garcia and D. Ximena his father and mother which confirmation was signed by the king and all his children The yeare after 1023 An. 1023. there was another Councell held in Pampelone where the Bishoprick was transferred to S. Saluator of Leyre where it continued some time There enquirie was made of the auncient limits of the jurisdiction of the Bishopricke of Pampelone This was the subject of Councels in those dayes Then was D. Sancho the elder who had beene schoolemaster to the king Bishop of Pampelone and Abbot of S. Saluator but he could not see this alteration for that he died this yeare but his successor carrying the same name surnamed the younger saw it in the yeare 1026 being the seuenth Bishop of that Church being vncertaine to what Archbishop it was then subject In our time it is to that of Sarragosse This yeare 1026 was borne that great captaine Castille a Castillan called Roderigo Dias of Biuar who was afterwards called Cid Ruy Dias the Camper of whom mention shall be made In the yeare 1028 they hold and it is verified by titles and auncient records That D. Sancho Garcia Earle of Castille died An. 1028. hauing ruled nine and thirtie yeares and was buried in the Monasterie of S. Saluator of Ogna founded by him He was an vnfortunate Prince in his house by reason of the
to inuade an other yet the Moore beeing liberall and courteous gaue him rich presents and sent him backe refuzing to ingage himselfe in that action D. Garcia hauing gathered some men together but no sufficient to effect any matter of importance doubtfull what course to take hee fell to spoile his owne country and making his retreat into Portugal where hee had recouered some places hee did mightily anoy D. Sanchos garrisons but it continued not long for D. Sancho hauing raised an army came against D. Garcia fought with him defeated him and tooke him prisoner neere vnto Saint Iren and sent him to the castle of Lune with a good gard from whence hee departed not vntill his death the which happened in the time of D. Alphonso his Nephew about the yeere of our Lord 1081. who commanded hee should bee buried with irons on his feete at Leon in the Church of Saint Isidore by this meanes the King D. Sancho remained Lord and Maister of all Galicia and other lands of that partage By this it appeeres there is difference in the time and in the meanes of their dispossessing All this did not satisfie D. Sanchos ambition for hee would in like manner strippe his sisters D. Vrraca and D. Eluira of the lands and places which they held by their fathers will and laied siege to the towne of Zamore The inhabitants much affectedto their Princesse doing their indeauors for the defending of her rights had with her consent chosen for their captaine a knight called D. Arias Gonçales who had nourished her vnder whose conduct they made many gallant sallies vpon the besiegers with losse of either side Whilest that D. Sancho was busie at this vaine attempt a desperat knight of Castille called Vellides Ataulphe or Delphos went out of the city with a resolution to kill the King and found such an opportunity as hee strooke him dead with a boarspeare without any let and then retired himselfe to the place from whence hee came D. Sanchos ambition stayed by the iudgment of God notwithstanding that hee was pursued by Cid Ruis Diaz and others Thus the valour and conquests of D. Sancho Fernandes King of Castille which could not bee restrained by two great Kings were made vaine when as hee would attempt against a woman an argument of the vanity of humaine enterprises and that there is a greater power which controules them An. 1073. This death happened in the yeere of our Lord 1073. hauing raigned in Castille about sixe yeeres and nino monthes by reason whereof the army disbanded euery one returning to his home except the Castillans who would needes continue the siege before Zamora for a time The Kings body was carried to the Monastery of Saint Saluador of Ogna The inscription which is in that Monastery shewes that hee died fiue yeeres later but there is an error for that Garibay affirmes that hee had seene ancient writings witnessing that D. Alphonso his brother raigned then in Castille If the Castillan brethren were at discord Nauarre The Brothers of Nauarre at discord they of Nauarre had as little charity amongst them for betwixt D. Sancho Garcia and D. Raymond there was enuy and secreat hatred the which burst out in time for D. Raymond holding some strong places and some in his brothers gouernment and hauing by his bounty drawne many vnto him who were discontented with the present Estate of the realme he rebelled meaning to defend these places hee held but the King D. Sancho and the Nobility of Nauarre did easily expell him But there fell out a new trouble for the Nauarrois to demaund reason of the Kings of Castille who detained from him the territory of Bureua Castille the old and other places D. Raymond beeing thus expelled had no recourse to any Christian Princes his neighbours D. Sancho King of Nauar slaine who as hee doubted would detest his attempts but hee fled vnto the Moores the enemies of our faith and making warre with them against his brother there was a battaile giuen neere to Rueda or Penalen in the which D. Sancho was slaine this was about the yeere of our Lord 1076. An. 1076. hauing raigned two and twenty yeeres he had by his wife D. Plaisance amongst other children D. Ramir Sanches and two D. Garcias D. Ramir being very young vpon the newes of his fathers death put himselfe vnder the protection of D. Sancho Ramires King of Arragon whom also the Noblemen and Knights of Nauarre called to raigne ouer them by reason of the minority of their King to oppose him against the enterprises of the bad D. Raymond who pursued his deseigne to make himselfe King of Nauarre and had already seized vpon Pampelone and vsurped the title of King there but hee was vertuously repulst so as beeing deceiued of his ambitious hopes not knowing what to resolue hee retired to the King of Sarrogosse a Moore where hee past his banished life and by the bounty of this Pagan enioyed certaine Lands and places D. Raymond of Nauarre retiers to the Moores which descended afterwards to a Neece of his called Marquise wife to Aznar Lopes a Knight who made a donation of Saint Maria Maior to the Collegiall Church of Sarragosse in the time of D. Alphonso King of Nauarre called the Warrior the two Garcias bretheren sonnes to the deceased King of Nauarre fled into Castille to the King D. Alphonso the mightiest Prince at that time in Spaine D. Sancho Ramires the second King of Arragon and chosen sixteenth King of Nauarre 7. D. Sancho Ramires had raigned some yeeres in Arragon when as hee was called to the crowne of Nauarre Arragon and Nâ—uarre vnited Hee had married a Lady daughter to the Earle of Vrgel called D. Felicia by whom he had three sonnes D. Pedro who succeeded in his Kingdomes D. Alphonso who raigned after his brother and D. Ramir a religious man in the Monastery of Saint Ponce of Tomeres neere to Besiers and afterwards King by the decease of his brother D. Alphonso Gâ—nealogie of Arragon and Nauarre who left no children He had also one bastard called D. Garcia who was bishop of Iacca In this Prince the two realms of Nauarre and Arragon were vnited 42. yeeres after the separation thereof he was war-like and politique and withall very zelous in the Romaine religion for hee changed the ceremonies of the Gothes which the Christians vsed and brought in those of the Romish church it may be by the councel held at Iacca vnder this King when as the Bishoprike of Arragon was first established there to inrich which seat besides the tithes there were certaine portions appointed out of the conquest which they should get from the Moores of Sarragosse and Tudele and in steed of the ciuill Lawes of the Gothes hee brought in the common law of the Empire into his iurisdiction There is a volume extant of particular lawes giuen by this King to them of Iacca which is inserted amongst the customes
Arragon in al the strong places of Castille that if he were forced to quitthese realms of Castille Leon Toledo their depedances he might keep those people in some awe and leaue it with his honor and aduantage the which did somewhat estrange the Noblemen of Castile The bad qualities of D. Vrraca Queene of Castile He knew also that his wife D. Vrraca was proud ingrate inconstant and not very continent and therefore with good aduice he armed himselfe for all euents This woman vpon a light occasion conceiued a great hatred against the Earle D. Pedro Ansures Lord of Vailledolit who had nourished her and had kept her Estates after the death of the king her father onely for that in his letters written to the king her husband her aduising them to come and take possession of her inheritance he had intitled her husband King of Castile Whereupon she sought to take Vailledolit and other lands from him but the King did presently restore them and to the end he should be the more secure against the rage of this woman hee sent him into Arragon with D. Elo his wife giuing him the gouernement of the young Earle of Vrgel his Cousin The first expedition which he made against the Moores Expedition against the Mahumeâ—â—sts was about the yeare 1110. vppon the frontiers of Nauarre and Arragon where he tooke from them the towne of Exea An. 1110. in which warre he was assisted by many voluntarie Noblemen and Gentlemen of France beeing disirous to winne honor by bearing armes against the Mahumetists Running along the riuer of Ebro he tooke Tihaust Borja Magallon and other places of those marches so as the happy successe of this enterprise gaue him courage to effect that which his predecessors Kings of Nauarre had long before deseigned which was to reduce the cittie of Sarragossa vnder his obedience the which as he made shew to beseege Moores defeated by D. Alphonso spoiling the countrie round about it King Abuçalen came with a great power and presented him battaile neate vnto Valtierra where the Moore was vanquished and slaine vpon the place By meanes of this victorie King D. Alphonso took Morella and resolued to beseege Sarragossa wherefore he put a strong garrison into the fort of Castella of old souldiers called at that time in Spaine Almogarabes who were continually entertained vpon the Moores frontiers Sarragossâ— beseeged This seege was long and dangerous for the Moores defended this cittie courragiously beeing great full of men and well fortified In the armie of king D. Alphonso there were many Noblemen of France which had vowed to carrie armes against the Infidels among the which were Gaston Lord of Berne Noblemen of France in the compe before Sarragossa the Earle of Cominges and Rotron Earle of Perche by whom the Towne of Tudele seated vpon Ebro betwixt Sarragossa and Calaorra was taken by surprize The Moores which were there in garrison did much annoy the campe for that they spoiled their victuallers and merchants and cut off their victuals whereupon D. Alphonso sent Cont Rotron with good troupes of foot and sixe hundred horse The Earle kept himselfe close in certaine valleys couered with woods neere vnto the towne and sent foorth some men into the open plaines to get some spoile and to driue away their cattell who being discouered by the Moores of the fort they sallyed foorth with all their forces to the end that not any one of these runners should escape Whilest they were in skirmish the Earle came out of his ambush and cut off their retreate to the towne the which he found ill garded so as he seazed thereon without any difficultie The king D. Alphonso to reward the Earle of Perche for this prize which was of so great importance Tudele taken by the Earle of Perche for that seege where hoe was gaue him this place of Tudele the which was afterwards annexed to the crowne of Nauarre The Moores amazed at this losse began to faint in many places so as Monâ—ajo and other neighbour townes were made subiect to D. Alphonso within few dayes The Sarragossans were much assisted by the Moores which commanded at Lerida and Fraga as well for the danger which did threaten them as for their conformity in Religion During this seege the king D. Alphonso beeing in the cittie of Barbastro there came vnto his Court Count Bertrand of Tholousa sonne to Count Raymond and D. Eluira bastard daughter to the deceased King D. Alphonso the 6. This young Prince had bin dispossessed of all his Estate by the Earle of Poâ—ctiers who beeing gratiously intertayned and honored by king D. Alphonso to the end he might bee ayded by him to recouer his Estate he made himselfe his vassall acknowledging him for his Soueraigne Lord of all the did or should possesse according to the Spanish Histories The King receiued him into his protection gaue him good hope it was about the yeare 1116. yet this did little auaile Cont Bertrand for the continuall warre which D. Alphonso had against the Moores would not suffer him to attend the affaires of Tholousa besides William Earle of Poictiers was the kings friend and came himselfe in person to the war against the Moores in Spaine and was at the seege of Sarragossa with the Earles of Perche Cominges and Bigorre the Lord of Beam the Vicount of Lauedan Bishop of Escar and many other Noblemen and Knights of France whereas also were all the Noblemen of Nauarre and Arragon both Ecclesiasticall and secular among the which those of greatest marke were Diego Lope Ladron Ximen Fortunes de Leet Simon Fortunes de mont Castel Pedro Momesio Lope Ximenes Torelia Lope Sancho of Ogabre Pedro Ximenes Iustice of Arragon Iean Galindio d'Antilia Lope Fortunes of Albero Pedro Myr Entenza Almudebar taken from the Moores Raymond Peres d'Erillo N. of Almorauid and with them many of Castile and other places of Spaine About the yeare 1118. Almudebar a strong place and well furnished was taken by the French the which strucke such a terror into the Mores thereabouts as they abandoned Sarrignena Salce Robres Zeura and Gurrea the which were seazed on by the Arragonois whilest that the French with the other forces did batter Sarragossa with all violence the which the Moores defended valiantly the king D. Alphonso beeing then gone into Castile The Spaniards write that the French seeing this seege to grow tedious and beeing out of hope to take the cittie they retired in a manner all home to their houses except the chiefe Commanders to whome D. Alphonso brought new supplies about Iuly this yeare 1118. The beseeged beginning to doubt that they should not be able to keepe the cittie long they employed all their money meanes and credit intreating the Moores that were neere and sarre off to succour them in their great necessitie Who sending a captaine vnto them called Temin with men and victuals he was incountred and defeated neere vnto
Castile Don Iohn Nugnes Don Aluar Nugnes and others all beeing assisted by the troupes of France and Nauarre they made roades as far as Toledo with great ruine of the country and people for the French King hated Don Sancho as an vsurper of his Nephewes right neither was he lesse enemie to Don Pedro King of Arragon as well for the detention of his nephewes and his practises with Castile as for that which had happened in the Realme of Naples betwixt the Arragonois and the French as you shall heare These spoilers being a competent armie of foure thousand horse and great numbers of foot returning towards Toledo had a desseigne to enter into Arragon and to assaile Tarrassone whereof Don Pedro being aduertised who kept a garrison of three hundred horse at Logrogno for the defence of Castile he sent to intreat the Infant Don Sancho to march thither and to succour him against the French and Nauarrois who came to destroy his Realme of Arragon the which he did presently so as beeing ioyned with the king Don Pedro they saued Tarrassone yet the Arragonois lost the castell of VI the which was wel defended by Ximeno of Artieda they also lost Lerida and Filera the which were giuen in gard to them to Sanguessa Baylo and Arbuis were ruined and the French and Nauarrois past vnto Verdun Vpon their returne the army of D. Pedro and D. Sancho attended them where as they could not auoyd the battaile which the French presented them but the Knights of Castile which did accompany them told them that they had willingly ouer-runne the country and done their indeauors in all assaults but to charge their lances against Don Sancho it was not their intention that is to say to spoile towns to ruine poore innocents who had no interest in great mens quarrels they did it willingly yet wold they not attempt any thing against the heads who might giue them impunity for all their insolencies and could take reuenge of them if they shewed themselues too eager enemies So the troupes of France and Nauarre returned towards Pampelone from whence some of the Noblemen of Castile went to D. Sancho hauing made their peace 26 The King D. Pedro finding himselfe in this danger Arragon it made him to seeke a peace with Nauarre for some moneths for he had many questions to decide with his Noblemen and Knights of Arragon and Cattelogne who complained much of his sower disposition and his tyrannous manner of gouernement insulting ouer the greatest yea against his owne bloud contrarie to all lawe and nature For wee reade that there were scarce two yeares expired after the decease of his father when as hee forced his brother Don Iames to whom the Ilands of Maiorca and Minorca with other places adiacent had beene giuen by testament Iniustice of D. Pedro against his bro. with the title of a king to hold them of him as fees depending of the Crowne of Arragon and therefore he caused him to take an oath and do homage as also for the Counties of Rossillon Cerdagne Conflans Vallespierre Colibre Omelades Carlades and for the rights of Montpellier with promise for himselfe and his descendants Kings of Maiorca to come to the Estates of Barcelona beeing called and do deliuer the citty of Maiorca the towne of Perpignan and the castell of Cerdagne vnto the Kings of Arragon whensoeuer they shold demand them in regard of which submissions and promises the king Don Pedro did confirme these lands and portions to the king Don Iames his brother for the which he would haue the Earles of Foix and Empurias D. Dalmas of Rocabertin Vicount of Castelnau Raymond of Vrgio William Canet Bernard Hugo Serralongue Dalmais of Castelnau Ponce Zagardia Arnaud Corsaccio William Sous with the Deputies of the Ilands of Maiorca and Minorca to become cautions Sometime after picking a quarrell against the Nobilitie of Cattelogne and their priuiledges this king Don Pedro did so furiously assaile the Earles of Foix Vrgel and Palliars with the Vicount of Cardona who were the most apparent as hauing beseeged and taken them in Balaguer he detained them long in a miserable prison especially the Earle of Foix whom he intreated vnworthily in the castell of Siurana Moreouer a little before this last warre of Nauarre hee had attempted and executed great matters against the French raigning in Italy hauing employed the men and meanes of Arragon and Cattelogne to the great discontentment and oppression of all his subiects and hee was newly returned out of France whether the warre of Naples and Sicily had drawne him vppon the occasion which followeth 27 The French hauing conquered Naples and Sicily Insolencies of the French in Sicily vnder Charles the first brother to Saint Louis they committed many vnaccustomed insolencies among these nations against the honor of women with other exactions and spoiles vnder colour of Iustice by reason whereof as also by the iust iudgement of God to whom without doubt the cruel deaths of Conradin and of the Duke of Austria whose heads King Charles had caused to be cut off by the pernitious counsell of Pope Clement the Sicilians did sollicite D. Pedro King of Arragon to pursue the right which he had vnto these Realmes as husband to Q. Constance heire thereof beeing daughter to king Manfroy promising to ayde and assist him with their persons and goods he which did most labour in this poursute was called Iohn de Procula or Prochida borne at Salerne Phisition to the deceased King Manfroy who by his perswasions induced the king Don Pedro to affect this conquest for the effecting whereof he first made a secret league with Pope Nicholas the third and with Michel Paleologue Emperour of Constantinople obtayning from the Pope a promise of Inuestiture of the Realmes of Naples and Sicily Martin the 4. beeing Pope after the decease of Nicholas the king sent Hugh Mataplana a Catelan to Rome to sound his disposition touching the confirmation or renewing of this Leaque and to intertaine him for Martin was friend to Charles King of Naples and to disguise the cause of his Ambassadors voyage he had charge to mooue the Pope and the Consistorie to canonize Don Friar Raymond of Pegnafort according to the aduice of a Prouinciall Councell held a litle before at Barcelona by the Prelates of Arragon and Cattelogne In the meane time D. Pedro did arme forty galleys with many ships the which he caused to passe along the coast of Affricke vnder a colour of restoring Bouqueron king of Constatine in Africke who was expelled by his brother and the better to couer his enterprise the Ambassador besought the Pope to take the Realme of Arragon into the protection of the Church whilest that the king D. Pedro should be absent in the warre of Affricke and to demaund leaue to exact a tenth of his Cleargie The king was demanded by the Ambassadours of France the reason of this great preparation with offers that if it were
yeeld to their mercy Those of the towne hauing vnderstood the Kings resolution by their deputies did say that in regarde they went about to take away the liberty of their persons they were resolued to hang fiue hundred Christian prisoners on the walls and then to come forth euery man with his sword in hand and to dye fighting the King sent them word that if they did put one Christian to death hee would without any mercy put them all to the edge of the sword Those of Malaga once againe sent foureteene Moores of euery quarter of their Citty to the Campe who brought with them a writing which they shewed for an example of the deceased Kings of Castiles clemencie vsed to the subiugated Moores and with great humillity they begged for mercy Diuers of the Lords and Captaines were of opinion to put all that raskally obstinate nation to death who were enemies to the name of a Christian but the Queenes more iust and Christian-like opinion was followed which was to saue all their liues Then the King wrote back to them that their liues were onely granted and no more whereat the Moores being much astonied were at strife amongst themselues some beeing of opinion to make a desperate sally vpon the Christians with their weapons and to set fire on the Citty and all the wealth thereof following the examples of certaine townes of Spaine in antient times but they who thought it better to become slaues did preuaile Thus was the Citty of Malaga yeelded The Citty of Malaga yeelded the great Commander of Leon entring first into it with his troopes in armes by meanes of hostages who seazed vpon the Citty towers and Fortes thereof and hauing disarmed the Moores of all their weapons and munition all people of both sexes and of all ages were assembled in the two base Courts of the Castle of Alcaçauo where most lamentable cryes of Morish men and women were heard lamenting their liberty and goodly Citty lost with their Fortes Towers and Castles which could not defend her Cittizens liues nor giue them buriall after their death Among the multitude twelue renegades Christians were found who serued as spyes for the Moores who were stricken thorow with Darts and so slaine the Christian prisoners were deliuered and sent home to their houses fauoured and rewarded by the Kings Two other Sea townes neere to Malaga were likewise taken and the Moores made slaues by Pedro de Vera whom the King had sent thither After that all things were surely possessed by the Christians in Malaga the Bishops and Clergie made their entrance who performed the accustomed ceremonies purifications dedications with such other solemnities as wee haue heretofore written and the Kings hauing at the same time receiued a Bull from Pope Innocent by the which hee granted them and their successors authority to name and appoint Bishops and other Ecclesiasticall dâ—gnities needfull in the Realme of Granado it was thought fit to restore the Bishops Sea to the Citty of Malaga Don Pedro de Toleno Bishop of Malaga as it had beene in times past and Don Pedro de Toledo was chosen Bishop of the same who was a Channon of Siuill a man of great learning and merit who was confirmed therein by the Pope vnto whom the Kings sent a hundred Moores Gomeres of Affrick for a present and to Queene Ioane of Naples the Kings sister fifty Morish maides and thirty to the Queene of Portugall of all the other slaues the third part of them was diuided among the Lords Knights Gentlemen and Captaines of the Campe an other third part was imployed for the redemption and exchange of Christian Captines and an other third part remained to the Kings towards their great costs and charges sustained in that siege the which lasted three moneths and one day which was the eighteene of August this yeare 1487. The order and gouernement of the Cittie beeing disposed the commaund thereof was giuen to Don Garcia Fernandes Manrique who had beene Corrigidor of Cordoua The Iudges Rectors and Iurates with other Officers of iustice beeing established the goods were distributed to such as were receiued for new inhabitants who were prouided of good and wholesome lawes though fit and necessarie for those times These matters with others beeing dispatched the King and Queene returned victorious and triumphant to Cordoua where they were no sooner arriued but they began to thinke vppon necessarie prouisions for the next yeares warre for seeing they had had so happie successe alreadie they were very loth to giue it ouer by any interruption whatsoeuer In the interim of these great businesses the strifes of diuers Arragonois did still trouble the Kings eares for that in regard of his long absence all appeales comming before the Magistrate whom they call Iustice of Arragon all euident wrongs excesses and outrages committed by the great ones were with partialitie drawne out in length The Kings left Cordoua and came to Sarragossa where they assembled the Estates to redresse those insolencies which were complayned of The Estates beeing perswaded by the Vice-chancellor of the Kingdome whom the King had appoynted to speake vnto them did relinquish diuers poynts of their pretended rights and liberties and did suffer many things to be reformed and namely they were content to establish the Courts of iustice of the Hermandades or brotherhoods Hermandades in Arragon after the manner of Castile a most profitable and necessarie matter for the whole countrie and did besides that obtaine great subsidies of money for the King towards the wars of Granado Inquisition in Arragon And because the Inquisition brought great profite to the Kings coffers in Castile of the goods of the Iewes and Moores which were reuolted to their foolish superstitions it was decreed that like proceeding should be vsed against them in Arragon and Iudges appointed to make their definitiue sentence One of the sayd Commissioners had like to haue beene slayne by those manner of people on a morning in the Church of Sarragossa which gaue them occasion to enquire more diligently of such as were faulty wherein choller greedinesse of gaine and desire to fill the kings coffers made them greatly to exceed the which the practise of their successours at this day can very well witnesse the obstinate were burned and those which did reconcile themselues or were in any fault at all were fleeced to the very quicke The Kings passing into the Realme of Valencia which was troubled with the same diseases did call the Estates to Orihuela where they made diuers goodly Edicts Whilest the Court lay at Valencia there entred into Cattalonia an Ambassador from the French king Charles the eighth sent to King Fernand who sent to meete him and to let him vnderstand that vnlesse he brought with him the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon he might returne from whence hee came King Fernand refuseth to heare or see the French Ambassadour and for ought that the Ambassadour could say or do he
the first session they were so mockt by the people receiued so many indignities as they were forced to transferre the councell of Pisa to Milan where they had neither more honor nor better vsage notwithstanding that they were in the French kings dominion where they held their second session the Cardinall of Saint Croix a Spaniard being president where they attended the prelates of Germany and the Emperors embassadors in vaine but they wanted not excuses These seeds of warre being cast among christians Order of the conception of Nunnes Pope Iulio doing his duâ—ty in matters of religion he confirmed the new order of the conception of Nunnes instituted in the citie of Toledo some yeares before by one of the ladies of Queene Isabell who was second wife to king Iohn the 2 her name was D. Beatrix de Silua of Portugal who being suspected by her mistresse for that by reason of her great beauty many courted her and there grew dailie quarrels among the courtiers she was put in prison where being kept three daies in teares and heauines without bread or drinke shee was moued to make a vow of chastity and for this cause they say the virgin Mary appeared vnto her in the habit which the Nunnes doe now weare that is a blew cloake and a white hood and did comfort her Being out of prison and going to Toledo with an intent to be a religious woman there appeared two Franciscane friers vnto her which sight made her think that they were sent to coÌ„fesse her then she shold be put to death but these fathers told her that she should be the mother of many daughters declaring vnto her the spirituall vnderstaÌ„ding of it that it should be of many religious women then they vanished wherfore she going on her way being come to Toledo she put herselfe into the monasterie of religious women of S. Dominike the royal where she remained 30 yeres in a secular habit liuing holily afterwards she remoued with 12 nuns to a place where now S. Foy is which in former times was called the palace of galiena being desirous to institute an order in honor of the virgin Mary and there she remained with her company by the permission of the queen D. Isabella wife to the king D. Ferdinand now raigning vntill that the habit was confirmed vnto them by Pope Innocent the eight the office of the conception vnder the rule of Cristeaux without any other new order in the which hauing coÌ„tinued some time they ioyned with the Nunnes of Saint Peter de las Duegnas of the order of Saint Benet making a medley of the rules of the Benedictins Bernardines vntill that Cardinall Francis Ximenes then prouinciall of the Franciscans and generall reformer in Spaine made them to leaue the rules of Saint Bennet and Saint Bernard and to take the habit and the Office of the conception vnder the rule of Saint Clare putting them into the monasterie which at this day is called of the Conception which was woont to bee the conuent of Franciscane Friers transported by reason of them to S. Iohn des Rois. There this yere 1511 Pope Iulio confirmed them in their own rule and order of the conception leauing that of S. Clare This yere all the coast of Affrike was terrified vpon the brute of the great preparation which had been made in Spain to inuade them The king of Tremessen sent his embassadors to king Ferdinand to offer him vassalage and a tribute of 13000 double ducats of gold payable in the citie of Oran In Spain there died D. Beatrix of Bouadilla Marquesse of Moya and soone after her husband D. Andrew de Cabrera The yeare one thousand fiue hundred and twelue following king Ferdinand hauing vndertaken the Popes defence hee commanded D. Raymond of Cardoua viceroy of Naples appointed generall of the holy league to ioyne his forces with the Popes and Venetians the which was done at Imola where they made the body of the army in the which was Legate for the Pope Cardinall Iohn of Medicis of the title of Sancta Maria in Dominica Theseforces entring into Lombardie in a manner all that the duke of Ferrara held on this side Po yeelded vnto the league without any force but La Bastie which the earle 〈◊〉 Nauarro tooke and then they camped before Bolonia but Gaston of Foix duke of Nemours a gallant young nobleman comming to releâ—ue it the army of the league was forced to retyre to Imola On the other side the Venetians tooke Bresse but not the Castle and Bergamo with other places were yeelded vnto them but the duke of Nemours comming to succour the castle of Bresâ—e hee encountred Iohn Paul Bâ—illon vpon the way with part of the Venetian army and put them to rout and then hee entred the towne and put eight thousand Venetians and inhabitants to the sword Exploits of Gaston of Foix. hee tooke Andrew Gritti their commander prisoner with Anthonie Iustinien and other men of great quality and soone after recouered Bergamo and all the places which the Venetians had taken In the meane time king Ferdinand prepared a fleet in the ports of Biscaye and Guipuscoa to assaile France vpon the coast of Guienne hauing induced the king of England to reuiue the old quarrell who at the persuasion of the Popes embassador had made an assemblie of the Prelates of his realme and promised to send to the Councell of Latran and for a greater demonstration of his hatred hee caused the French embassadors which did reside in his court to dislodge 25 During these troubles Nauarre the king D. Iohn and the Queene D. Catherine of Nauarre his wife did enioy their realme in peace since the expulsion of the earle of Lerin the Constable and of Lewis of Beaumont his sonne with others of that faction then all their care was to restore it to the ancient estate and the places reunited which were disstracted and held by the king of Castille for the which and to demaund other rights which they pretended they had sent many embassadors to king Ferdinand who had returned with good hope to obtaine what they demanded or the greater part wherefore they sent againe doctor Iohn of Iassu Seigniour of Pauierre Ladron of Monleon and the Protonotarie Martin of Iaureguisar who were of the councel with ample instructions to capitulate compound and end all their pretentions in this form That they should intreat the king of Arragon Embassage of Nauarre to king Ferdinand Regent of Castille that if he made any accord with the French king the kings of Nauarre might be comprehended That the embassadors should make great instance to king Ferdinand that the townes of Saint Vincent Sos Arcos Garde and Bernedo and moreouer the places of Sosierra held by him and the crowne of Castille might bee restored vnto them according vnto the will of the deceased Queene D. Isabella at her death as places belonging to the Crowne of Nauarre That in like maner
did not chase him away the which they did with the helpe which Horusco Barberousse gaue them To couer his designe which was to subdue them he counselled them to draw a nephew of the kings whom they had chased away out of prison hauing beene long kept in yrons by him and to make him king the which they had a will to effect But this tyrant seeing them to proceed slowly and hee impatient and blinded with ambition slue this young prince and sought to seise vpon the citie in despight of the inhabitants whereof he slue many of the principals which was his ruine for the dispossessed king was called home and had meanes to recouer his kingdome with the forces of Spaine which he obtained easily He pursued his aduersarie so as he forced him to flie into the mountaine of Abez vpon the confines of Bugia to shut himselfe in a castle where being besieged necessitie forced him forth to fight where he was vanquished slain and his head caried to Tremessen froÌ„ thence into Spaine to the great contentment of the Moores and Spaniards for he was a subtile and dangerous enemie Pride growing through prosperitie ruined him But Haradin gouerned himselfe more discreetly and did manage his fortune with more honour Thus we see that those which hazard themselues in daungerous enterprises doe most commonly miscarrie and make such as follow after them wise by their rashnesse to whom they haue made the way Haradin by the death of his brother remaining lord of Alger one of the best ports of all Africke he was no more held a pyrat but a prince and withall a great captaine at sea so as Sultan Solyman Emperour of Constantinople made his Bassa and his Admirall with whose incomparable forces he made himselfe a terrour to all the countries of Europe Asia and Africke which lay vpon the sea where hauing taken infinit booties and spoyled many townes in the end he made himselfe master of the citie and realme of Tunes in the yeare 1535 by this occasion A little before there had raigned in Tunes Mahomet Abdul Hedi stemme of the last king of Tunes descended from Abdul Hedi who was a Moore of Andaluzia borne at Seuile he was wise and discreet and being made by the king of Marroc gouernour of the citie of Tunes which had rebelled and had beene taken againe and punished he following the example of many others had made himselfe lord of his gouernement when as after the battell of Muradat in Spaine woon by the Christians there was a generall reuolt in Africke against the Almohades Emperours and great Miralmumins of the Moores and Alarabes at Marroc This Mahomet issued from this race had had many children by many wiues who seeing himselfe old and desirous to prouide a successor to his realme after his owne humor for certaine considerations he made choyce of the youngest of all called Hascen whom hee had by an Arabian woman called Gezia and would haue him succeed him to the Crowne It is this Muley Hascen for whose restitution the Emperour was persuaded to lead an armie into Africke This jealous prince was no sooner seated in the royall throne but he put Mamon his elder brother to death and after dispatcht all his other brethren and kinsmen these be the fruits of Polygamie in the followers of Mahomet their Prophet Arraxide onely escaped and fled to Bixacara a towne of Numidia where with the aid of certaine Xecques or lords Numidians hee gathered some forces together to inuade Muley Hascen but it was in vaine wherefore he had recourse to Haradin Barberousse king of Alger who hauing receiued him courteously aduised him to go with him to Constantinople to informe the great Turke of his misfortunes promising to present him vnto him and to doe him all fauour and good offices Being come to Solymans Court Barberousse was presently dispatcht with a good number of gallies well furnished with souldiers to come to Tunes giuing it out that hee carried backe Arraxide to make him king who notwithstanding was stayed at Constantinople Muley Hascen a paracide couetous voluptuous iniurious and a coward amazed at this great preparation of armes which came to assayle him staied not but fled to his kinsmen by the mothers side Ismael and Dorar Alarabas of the linage of Vled Aixa which are a member of Vled Yahaya of those which led a vagabond life in the plaines and desarts of Africke and Numidia a mightie people but disloyall and of no friendship Finding not such succours there as he expected he followed the aduice of a Genouois renegado called Ximaa which was to imploreayd of the Emperor Charles and this Genouois was he which made a voyage into Spaine who could so persuade the Emperour and season his request with liuelie reasons and infinit promises as he obtained that which he pretended which was To persuade the Emperor and his counsel that it was both profitable and necessarie for him to restore Muley Hascen to his realm Euery one weighing the importance of this businesse and foreseeing how it might prejudice Italie and Spaine if the Turkes which did alreadie hold many ports vpon the coast of Barbarie should set footing into Tunes a great and mightie citie fit for the situation which is neere vnto the ruines of old Carthage sometimes concurring in power with the Romans to make ordinarie and prejudiciall impressions in that State Barberousse who had found the place void of souldiers or Commander did easily seise vpon the towne castle and fort of Goulette which stands on the entrie of the lake which the Sea makes there 1535 But hee did not thinke the Christians had taken this so ill as hee found by experience and therefore hee was not so carefull to prouide all things necessarie to preserue such a conquest against the power which the emperor brought who as soone as this honorable enterprise was concluded hee did aduertise all Christian princes and inuited them to contribute men money and ships to this warre whether hee would goe in person The rendesâ—vous was appointed at the port of Cailleri in Sardynia Forces of the Emperour at his going to Tunes whether the emperour came with the galleys of Spain those of Genoua and the particular galleys of Andrew Doria D. Iohn king of Portugal sent him twenty galleys and one great gallion vnder the command of D. Lewis his Brother The Pope armed nine galleys at Genoua at his owne charge of the which Paul Iustinian had the command and Virgilio Vrsino earle of Anguilare had the leading of the soldiers that were in them And hee suffered him to leuie the tenths of the Clergie of Spaine The knights of Malta sent foure galleys All which ioyned at Cailleri where before the emperors comming there arriued the royall galleys of Naples and Sicile with many galliots and foists armed by the noblemen of Naples and Sicile at their owne charge in which the Marques of Guast was traÌ„sported with the old Spanish souldiers which
be setled againe at Trent The Princes and States of the empire being assembled at Ausbourge did also write verie earnestly vnto the Pope beseeching him to cause his Legats to returne to Trent and to contiâ—ue the Councel there vnlesse he wold spoile that which had bin well begun The Pope referred it to the fathers that were at Bolonia who could not be induced to retract that which they had resolued by a common consent and as it were said they by the inspiration of the holy Ghost The emperour being discontented at the Popes obstinacie thought to finde some meanes to reconcile the controuersies in Religion without attending a councell any longer for the which hee caused a booke to be made which he called Interin containing in substance all the doctrine of the church of Rome the ceremonies thereof and to giue occasion to the Protestants to receiue it they were allowed to communicat vnder both kindes Interiâ— of the emperor reiected by the Pope and Protestants and for Preests to marrie It was censured by the Pope in those two articles and was reiected by some of the ProtestaÌ„t Princes but afterwards the Councel was returned againe to Trent after the death of Paul the third vnder Pope Iulio the third 8 The emperour being come this yeare 1550 one thousand fiue hundred and fiftie out of the Netherlands Sedition at Peru for the gouernment to an imperiall assembly at Ausbourge doctor D. Pedro Guasca being newly come from Peru where he had commanded foure yeares came vnto him to giue an accompt of his gouernment of the fruits whereof hee brought him a great summe of gold the which did much further his affaires This man by his wisdome and good gouernment had ended the sedition and rebellion of the Pizares in that countrie which had continued many yeares much vnpleasing to the emperour and therefore he was verie welcome wherefore I haue thought it conuenient to make a breefe relation of the whole action Wee haue formerly made mention of the quarrell betwixt Francis Pizarro and Iames of Almagra either of them seeking to command ambitiously ouer his companion in that rich countrie which they happily conquered with mutuall duetie and their common armes wherein they had gotten great honour if they could haue mainteined themselues but they grew into factions and to ciuill warre pretending nothing lesse in the end then to make themselues absolute Lords and it hapned after many attempts and enterprises to the preiudice one of another that Francis Pizarro had beene vanquished in a great incounter in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie two and his brother Ferdinand taken who notwithstanding was soone after set at libertie yet not without great difficulty Hauing afterwards repaired their forces and comming againe to fight the misfortune fell vpon Almagro who being led to Cusco hee was there publikely but vniustly beheaded by the commaundement of Ferdinand Pizarro who was a little before his prisoner The son of Iames of Almagra carrying the same name born in that couÌ„try of an Indian woman desirous to reuenge the vniust death of his father found meanes to come by night into Lima otherwise called the towne of kings where hee surprised Francis Pizarro and a brother of his and cut their throates in their owne lodging and if Gonsaluo Pizarro their other brother had beene there Francis Pizarro murthered hee had past the same way but hee was gone to make warre at Quintoa in the prouince of Cauclane Gonsaluo being aduertised of this accident hapned to his bretheren brought backe his Souldiers and beganne to make a cruell pursuite against young Iames of Almagra and hee on the other side to make head against him so as the whole Countrie was for some yeares miserably afflicted with these factions vntill that the emperour sent a gouernour thither with some forces called Vasco de Castro who did somewhat suppresse these seditions going first against Iames of Almagra whome hee beseeged in Cusco forcing the Inhabitants to deliuer him hee causing his head to bee cut off without any long processe Ferdinand Pizarro who had put his father to the like death beeing come at that time into Spaine with great treasure it may bee for that hee would not bee in Peru at the comming of Vasco de Castro and giue an accompt vnto him of his actions was there committed to prison in the Castle of Medina where sometime after at the instance of the kings Atturney generall and vpon the accusations which were sent from the Indies his processe being made hee was condemned to loose his head and the chiefe reason was for that hee had vniustly and rashly put Iames of Almagra the father to death It is said that through the quarrels of these mutines vnto that time there had perished one hundred and fiftie thousand Indians sometimes taking part with the one sometimes with the other By the death of the heads it seemed the troubles had beene ended and supprest there remaining none but Gonsaluo Pizarro who kept himselfe close but the change of the Gouernour made them greater than before For it seeming to the emperour or to the chiefe of his Councell that Vasco de Castro was not fit to gouerne that prouince of Peru hee called him home and sent Vasco Nugnes de Velez in his place with so absolute and seuere a Commission as seeking to execute it he caused in a maner all the Spaniards that were in that countrie to reuolt with the Indians hauing for the first act of his Tragedie declared all them guiltie of treason which had carried armes were it for the Pizarres or the Almagras Sentence in considerate and vniust not considering how farre this generalitie did extend for among all the Spaniards which dwelt at Peru and the souldiers entertained there since the Conquest therof for the emperours seruice there was not any one which had not followed some one of the parties wherefore there were infinite appellations to the Councell of Spaine and to the emperour whereunto the new gouernour refusing to yeeld and stopping their passage into Spaine which were deputed to carrie the justifications of so many men that were condemned Gonsaluo Picarro head of the rebels they were forced to rebell chosing Gonsaluo Pizarro for their Captaine the which he willingly accepted being already incensed for the death of his brethren but especially for Ferdinand whom they had beheaded in Spaine beginning to make sharpe warre against Vasco Nugnes and them that followed him in the which a great number of his old Spanish souldiers perished This new gouernour although he were vnfortunate in his exploits and enterprises yet he continued in his seueritie or rather insolency so as such as were about him appointed to be his couÌ„sellors by the emperor were forced to lay hold of him deliuer him to the custody of Iohn Aluares for that he had slain William Suares of Caruajal with his own haÌ„d for some priuat hatred hauing an intent to send
in Iulie some say he was poisoned Death of the Prince of Spain others write that he was strangled by foure slaues He was buried in the Monasterie of S. Dominike the royall at Madrid whereas the king D. Pedro the cruel had beene interred Peter Mathew in his French Historie writing of the life and death of king Philip the second he sets downe a formall proceeding of the father against his Sonne in this action the which for that this subiect is so rare and memorable I haue thoght good also to insert After the Princes restra int◠Mathews vpon the death of Prince Charles as wee haue saied the king saith hee propounded to his Councel of conscience what punishment a kings son deserued that had made leagues against his estates and conspired against his fathers life and whether hee might be called in question His Councell laied two remedies before him both iust and possible the one of grace and the other of Iustice and punishment shewing him the difference betwixt the mercie of a father and the sinceritie of a king saying that if by his clemencie he did pardon them which loued him not hee must of force pardon that creature which should be most deare vnto him They desired him to imitate the emperour Charlemaigne who imputed the first conspiracie of his Sonne Pepin against him to the follies of youth for the second he confined him into a Monasterie protesting that he was a father not a king nor a iudge against his Sonne The king answered that by the law of nature he loued his Son better than himselfe but by the law of God the good and safetie of his subiects was to be preferred Moreouer hee demanded if knowing the miseries which the impunitie of his Sonnes offences would breed whether he might with a safe conscience pardon him and not be guiltie of these miseries Whereat his Diuines shrunke in their shoulders and with teares in their eies said that the safetie and health of his subiects ought to be dearer vnto him than his sonnes and that hee ought to pardon offences but such crimes should bee supprest as abhominable monsters Hereupon the king committed his Sonne to the censure of the Inquisitors commending them not to respect his authoritie no more than the meanest within his kingdome and to regard the qualitie of his Sonne as if he were borne a king making no distinction thereof with the partie accused vntill they found that the excesse of his offence would no more admit of this consideration remembring that they carried in their soules a liuelie image of the king which had iudged Angels and should without distinction iudge kings and the Sonnes of kings like vnto other men referring al vnto their consciences and discharging his owne The Inquisitors Iudgement of the inquisitors against the Prince of Spain for that he was charged to haue practised with Castillion Admirall of France the prince of Orange and other enemies of the Romish◠Religion declared him an heretike and for that hee had conspired against his fathers life they condemned him to die The king was his accuser and the Inquisitors his iudges but the sentence was signed by the king which done they presented many kinds of death in picture vnto the prince to make choise of the easiest In the end he demanded if there were no pitie in his father to pardon him no fauour in his Councell for a Prince of Spaine nor any wisdome to excuse the follies of his youth when as they told him that his death was determined could not be reuoked and that all the fauour was in the choise of the easiest death hee said that they might put him to what death they pleased that there was no choise of any death seeing that they could not giue him that which Caesar held to be the best These words deliuered with passion were followed with a thousand imprecations against his fortune against the inhumanity of his father and the crueltie of the Inquisition repeating these words often O miserable Sonne of a more miserable father He had some daies giuen him to prepare himselfe for death 1568 One morning foure slaues entred into his chamber who awaking him put him in mind of his last houre and gaue him some time to prepare himselfe vnto God He start vp suddenly and fled to the bed post but two of them held his armes and the third his feet and the fourth strangled him with a cord of silk Many hold that he died of letting blod his feet being put in warm water But Campana in the life of Philip 2 writes that being in prison he fel verie sick by reason of his disordred diet and drinking too much cold water wherewith his stomack grew so weake as he could not digest any meat which the Phisitions could not helpe so as hee died as he affirms of this sicknes verie religiously and penitenly to the great griefe of the king the whol state moreouer he writes that the king being much perplexed for this great losse retired himselfe into his chamber with two seruants wold not giue any audience then for many daies into the monasterie of S. Ierosme a mile without the town sequestring himself of al affairs writing only to princes potentates causing his secretaries to write vnto all his realms states of the death of his deare only son Thus writers discourse diuersly of the death of this Prince the which I leaue to the iuditious Reader to beleeue what he shall thinke most probable Within foure months after the death of the Prince D. Carlo Death of the queen of Spain the Queene D. Isabella his mother in law died also being broght in bed of her third child before her time the Phisitiōs hauing ignorātly caused her to take too much Phisick fering some other infirmitie this was the brute of the court of Spain But in France they had reason to think that the life of this princesse was shortned like vnto that of D. Charles by some notable malice by the same instruments For they to whom D. Isabella did belong in bloud had been verie carefull to auer the causes maner of her death but not so resolute to call it in question as Clouis sons were to reuenge the iniurie done vnto their Sister in Spaine where she also had beene maried As for the Prince Turkett it was verie cōmon in Spain that the great hatred the king bate him grew rather from the suggestions and reports of others than from his own misdeeds for by nature he was neither giuen to any odious vices Disposition of the prince D. Charles neither was he of so harsh and sower a disposition as commonly great men of that coūtrie be It is true that D. Charles kept his grauitie to courtiers that he shewed himselfe verie ambitious too desirous to mannage affaires and to be imploied and was giuen to some kindes of pleasures Such as would excuse him said
perturbation he slew his father in law Michel de Roxas and caused some other chiefe Moores to be slaine saying that they would haue betraied him he put away his wife and sware that he would not leaue one of the familie of Roxas aliue the which did purchase him many enemies and he blemished his reputation more when he abandoned the fort of Palerne and all that hee had retiring into the most desart places of the mountaines The marquesse being come to Palerne he took the mother and sisters of the base king with many other womeu of qualitie Moores and set free a great number of Christians that were captiues from thence hee led his armie towards Andarax That of the marquesse of Velez being somewhat repaired was then at Ohanes neere vnto the other where there were many Moores gathered together whom hee did fight withall and disperst and it was thought that the two armies should haue ioyned and that the marquesse of Velez should haue beene sole commaunder whereunto hee did aspire and the souldiers desired it but either of them went his course The marquesse of Mondejar returned to Vxixar One of the goodliest booties of this warre fell into the hands of D. Garcia de Villaroel and of D. Francesco de Cordoâ—a being ioyned with the forces of Almerie Bootie taken from the Moors and others whom they led against the Moores who had fortified at Inox in rockes that were almost inaccessible for hauing dislodged them they found to the value of aboue 500000 crownes but the diuision of this prey bred great dissention among them Profit was the matter they chiefly aymed at that went to this warre except the Marquesse of Mondejar who tended to peace and to saue the Moores that were reuolted soliciting them rather to acknowledge their saules and to shew themselues worthie of pardon than to ruine them by armes and therefore hee was not pleasing to the souldiers Hauing led his armie to Guajares of the iurisdiction of Salobregna whither many Moores had retired themselues and fortified among the rockes and precipices which were they that first receiued the Turks and Moores that came to succour them out of Barbary hee sent to discouer them Defeat of Christians but to their losse that went being in a manner all slaine those of naâ—e and qualitie were Lewis Ponce de Leon Augustin Venegas Gonsalo de Orugna the visitor Ronquillo and Iohn de Villaroel being charged the next day they made great resistance but at night they retired leauing their old men in that lodging with many women and children whom the marquesse being incensed with the losse he had the day before caused to be slaine in his presence contrary to his maner The rocks woods caues beeing vnfurnished of all prouision for victualles were no fit places to entertaine great numbers of Moores Crueltie of the 〈◊〉 of Mandeiar who had such great troups of women children slaues with them as if they had bin prest by arms hunger cold with other necessities would haue forced them often to haue changed their lodgings they that came out of Barbary might easily foresee that the end of their reuolt must needs be death or captiuitie seeing they had no means to prouide better retreats to keepe their goods wiues children nor any good fort neere vnto the sea with victuals and artillery to maintaine a siege at all euents and in the meane time to refresh theÌ„selues there to retire such as were wounded to repaire theÌ„selues after any losse war is maintaind by this means when there is question of any accord it is concluded with better coÌ„ditions These defects being knowne was the cause that the succors which they had froÌ„ Afrik being al voluÌ„taries were weak came slowly they that came once to see it were soon distasted being once returnd came no more disluaded others Finally there appeared no other end in this natioÌ„ of their reuolt but to powre forth their malice in reuenging themselues most cruelly vpon the Christians which they met for the wrongs and iniuries which they had receiued killing burning and murthering without iudgement of foresight of that which might happen Moores vnâ—turall and then they died content without either loue oâ— naturall affection to their wiues and small children whom they made to trot after them like beasts and vpon the least crosse they did abandon them without griefe This warre had continned three moneths when as king Philip by some good inspiration considering the desolation of the countrie and the innocencie of many small infants which could not distinguish the right hand from the left he made a declaration that his meaning was not that men children vnder tenne yeares old Pardon for the Moores proclaimed and women vnder eleuen should be reputed slaues commanding them to receiue all Moores that would submit themselues to his mercie and forbidding them to offer any violence to those that had contained themselues in peace By these meanes many beeing forced by hunger and other discommodities submitted themselues who being inioyned to deliuer vp their armes they brought old crosse-bowes halfe pikes and such like weapons broken and of no vse and when they demanded where there other armes were which they vsed in incounters they said that the strangers and such as would not submit themselues had taken them away Notwithstanding these good orders set downe by the king Insolencie of the kâ—ngs souldiers the souldiers being insolent and couetous did them infinit mischeifs carrying many away especially women not onely out of villages but of those which they found in the citie euen in view of the magistrates the which all men of honour blamed and detested yea many strangers which frequented in the citie of Granado for the commerce said that it would be a hard matter for Spaniards to make the Moores good Christians seeing they shewed in their actions that they were not so themselues and that there was more inhumanitie in their behauiouâ—s than in the most barbarous Pirats of Afrike Aben Humeia hauing taken some breath resolued to continue the warre sending to intreat Vluccyaly to giue him some succours In the meane time hee and Fernand Caguer came sometimes in the night to solace themselues with them that were reduced and who had safegards to remaine in their houses whereof the marquesse beeing aduertised he meant to haue them watcht and taken but they had some notice thereof and stood vpon their gards They did foresee that the Spring beeing come the warre would bee more difficult both for that the Moore should find themselues lesse incommodated in their holes and sauage retreats as also for that the sea would be more nauigable and easie to passe the Moores and Turkes out of Barbarie which prepared to come to their succours wherefore the marquesse of Mondejar sent D. Alphonso de Granado Venegas to Court to acquaint the king with the estate of those affaires and to tell him
in the Spring and that his ministers at Rome should resolue in euerie occasion concerning the league as they should thinke best without expecting any new order from Spaine From thence he past into Portugall to treat in like manner with the king D. Sebastian concerning the league Disposition of Sebastian king of Portugall This young prince was bred vp in generous thoughts to purchase much glorie by making warre against Infidels and therein to exceed his predecessors hauing in himselfe a naturall disposition to warre an able bodie and practised in those painefull exercises which belong vnto warre hauing beene alwaies laid before him by the Iesuites which instructed him That all his enterprises should bee for the sole benefit of Christendome they had made his mind as religious as his owne nature and the exhortations of his noblemen had made him warlike so as hee did not thinke or reason of any thing but of warre And for that the example of his predecessors did represent vnto him in his sleepe the honourable victories and glorious conquests they had made in Afrike and the East Indies hee in like manner directed all his thoughts to that end The Legat Alexandrino finding him in this disposition did easily draw him to enter into this league against the Turke who not onely promised to send his gallies well appointed to the Christians armie but he would also annoy Selyâ— with another great nauie at Suez and other places held by the Turkes in the red sea and in the gulph of Persia and moreouer the Pope desiring to breake the marriage betwixt Marguerite of Valois and the king of Nauarre he gaue commission vnto the Cardinall to moue this marriage vnto the King of Portugall the which would haue beene somewhat difficult if the king had not beene much deuoted to the Pope who at his intreatie layed aside a strange resolution which was that he would not heare speake of a wife because he would not be held effeminate to the great griefe of his grandmother his vncle and the wisest of his Nobilitie who desired to see some issue of him and the succession of the realme assured In the end he was content to take this French ladie King of Portugal content to take Marguerit of Valois to wiâ—e neither desired he any other dowrie but a generous resolution in king Charles to enter in the league Matters beeing thus setled in Spaine the Cardinall according to his commission past thorough France for the league and marriage but he found no meanes to effect either whereupon he returned into Italy Don Iohn of Austria being much pleased with this honorable charge came from Spaine to Genoua where he stayed not long but arriued on the ninth of August at Naples bringing with him from the Court the great Commander of Castile with the title of his Lieutenant Noblemen with Don Iohn in the army and chiefe Councellor Fernando Cariglia Earle of Pliego his chiefe Steward D. Francisco d' Ibarra D. Pedro Velasco D. Michell Moncada Gil d' Andrada Carlo Spinelli who had followed him as an aduenturer against the Moores with many others With these there ioyned the Dukes of Parma and Vrbin Don Antonio Carrafa duke of Mondragon the Marquis of Carrara D. Pompee of Lanoy Vincentio Carrafa Prior of Hongary the Earle of Sarno the Marquis of Auila Paul Iourdâ—in Vrsin the Earle of S. Fleur Ascanio de la Corne and Paul Sforza Beeing in Naples Cardinall Granuell the Viceroy who in that action had the authoritie of Legat deliuered vnto D. Iohn the Standard as Generall of the Church the which the Pope had blest who solicited his departure towards Messina by many embassages where the whole fleete should ioyne and whether Marc Antonio Colonna was gone long before with twelue gallies of Florence armed by the Pope and three of the Order of S. Iohn But to returne to the seege of Famagosta Mustapha sought by all meanes possible to get the counterscarpe the which was valiantly defended by Marc Antonio Bragadino and Astor Baglioni the one hauing charge of the gouernement the other of the garrison but in the end the Turkes wonne it Batteries of Famagosta About the midst of May they planted fiue batteries and had made ten forts They had in the beginning aduertised the Seigneury of Venice in what state they stood who sent them a supply of seuenteene hundred men with victuals and munition by Marc Antonio Quirini who past valiantly through the Turkes gards and returned these succors were commanded by Lewis Martinengo The Turkes continued their batteries with great obstinacie and had giuen foure assaults where the beseeged repulst them valiantly but with great losse of either side the beseeged hauing held out till the 20 of Iuly beeing now prest with great hunger and want the number of their souldiers beeing diminished to eight hundred and those much tyred most of the Grecians beeing dead either with fighting or with the continuall toyle Beeing terrified with so great miseries and out of hope of any more succors some of the chiefe of the citie besought Bragadino Speech to Bragadino at Famagosta that he would incline to some accord seeing he had made so good proofe of their faith and constancie in that seege No man would euer hold them vnworthie of commendation if after they had endured so many assaults and suffered so much penurie with want of munition after the losse of so many souldiers and citizens and finally beeing without all hope of succours they had prouided at the least for the liues of their children which remayned and for the honour of poore miserable women that he would not in recompence of their deuotion which they had alwaies shewed to the common-weale of Venice be the cause of the totall ruine of their citie and suffer their wiues and children who had spent so much bloud and offered their bodies to death for their seruice to become a shamefull prey to their Turkish lust there remaining no hope of health but by the meanes of some accord That it was a thing worthie of a wise Noblemen as he was to choose the least of euils And last of all to remember that it was held a brutish crueltie and no valour to runne headlong to a certaine death where there is no hope of life Bragadino knew that their request was just and that their extremities were great yet forcing his owne nature and desiring to preserue the realme which depended wholly vpon the losse of that place he did not thinke it possible that the Senat would neglect so weightie a businesse and not send the succours which had beene promised Wherefore hee would not yeeld to their demaund but fed them with good words putting them in hope of present succours dispatching a fregat presently into Candie to aduertise the Seigniorie of their extremities In the end of Iulie the Turks gaue an assault which continued fiue houres but the besieged seeing there was no meanes to endure another Famagosta
seeke to maintaine his fathers wil for she saw him much affected to one of his brethren she speake it not by surmise for dissembling the hatred she bare vnto Ali as shee was very cunning and diuising often with him of diuers affaires and euen of this as if it had beene a desire of her owne onely and no intent of the Kings she discouered his heart sufficiently by his discourse and answers being to open and free for a Moore Moreouer he was rich and mighty of himselfe for he was Xecq or Lord of a great people called Zaragana and for his wisdome and valour which were great he was held so necessary for the realme as the King ought to respect him and gouerne his affections according to his counsels The King in truth did much esteeme him and knowing that the election of his successor depended of the vizirs voice and nomination he did entertaine and gratifie Ali thinking in time to bind him by his bounty to second his intentions Conferring after with his sister of this desire which he had to leaue his realmes to Mahomet his sonne she still obiected vnto him the sincerity or rather seuerity of his vizir Ali 〈◊〉 Bubcar seeking to incense the King against him So as on a time seeing the King discontented at some thing that Ali had done according to the duty of his charge but against the Kings will this cunning woman fell in speech of the succession saying that hee assured himselfe more of Ali then he ought and namely in this businesse concerning his sonne Mahomet perswading him to certifie himselfe by some tryall and therefore she aduised him to counterfit himselfe sicke for some daies and not to suffer any one to enter into his Chamber if he were not called the which is not strang among those nations whereas their Kings being out of war remaine whole monthes shut with their women and no man sees them but such as are called During this fiction the Vizir Ali who loued the King and the Estate came daylie to the pallace morning and euening inquiring of his health yet could not bee admitted into his Chamber Mariane talked often with him and made him beleeue that the Kings sicknesse was very dangerous who obseruing her words and countenance perswaded himselfe that he was dead and that she sought to conceale it so as one morning he intreated her to tell him the truth which should not be hidden from him for if he were dead it were needfull to prouide an other King speedily for the Estate and that such affaires could not admit delaies Then Mariane seeing how this businesse wrought brought him into the Chamber where he saw the Kings bed couered and he stretched out and couered with a cloath as if hee had beene dead and so hee held him Then she said vnto him consider Ali I pray you seeing the King my Lord is dead to worke so as his sonne may be chosen King as you know he much desired It is very fit answered Ali that you women should meddle with such matters what reason were it to choose a young man for King It must not be the Xeriffe Mahomet hath wisely ordained that the brethren should succeed one an other knowing that Kingdomes must be gouerned by men that are ripe of yeeres and Iudgement and being ready to goe out of the Chamber to assemble the counsell hee was amazed when he saw the King vp who called him and said vnto him that he thanked him much for the good office he intented to his sonne Ali was so daunted as not able to answere nor to excuse himselfe with any reason hee fled home to his lodging where hauing taken the habit of a woman he commanded a seruant of his to bring him two horses to a certaine place where he would attend them and sodainely departed with an intent to goe out of the realme Being in that place set at the foote of an oliue tree attending his seruant there past by two young Knights which came from hunting who seeing that Ali hid his face thinking it had beene some leud woman they came neere to see and made him to vncouer himselfe knowing him they doubted some mischiefe so as they carried him backe vnto the King who caused his head to be presently cut off And thus was Mariane reuenged for the death of her children This matter being knowne the Kings brethren and all they of the bloud disperced themselues yea after that hee had caused Muley Mahomet Aben Abdelcader his Nephew sonne to his elder brother deceased to be slaine at Mesquinez whom he had married with Lela Sophia his sisters daughter onely for iealousie for that hee was a wise and a valiant Knight and much beloued of his subiects His brethren and other kinsmen being gone out of the country he did not care much to persecute them This Abdalla Xeriffe was the mightiest King of Affrike Dominions of Abdalla King of Fez and Marroc the most peaceable and the most happy if he had abstayned for the bloud of his owne house His dominions extended from Benais in the Negros country whether the Prouince of Sus doth bound which they call Remoto towards the South vnto the North sea and from the Westerne sea vnto the limits of Tremessen towards the East in the which are comprehended foureteene great Prouinces Hee did commonly entertaine three score thousand horse well paied the which were thus diuided 15000. in the realme of Sus 25000. at Marroc and 20000. at Fez and out of these hee drew fiue thousand horse which were his battaillon or Cornet And moreouer hee had two thousand Harguebuziers on foote Christians renegados and fiue hundred on horse-backe with a thousand Harguebuziers of Sus for the gard of the towne of new Fez which is the Kings pallace and as bigge as a good towne Hee gaue pay to all these souldiers as well in peace as warre beeing paied euery foure monthes when he had any enterprise if need were he assembled all his trained bands and moreouer did entertaine what Arabians and Africans he pleased lyuing in his countries vnder a certaine vessellage and paied them for the time they serued He reigned seuenteene yeeres and ordained Mahomet his sonne to be heire to those their realmes and to all his treasure who beganne to persecute his vncles hauing three yet lyuing that is Abdelmumen Abdelmelech whom the Spaniards call Muley Moluc and a bastard called Hamet Abdelmumen was slaine at Tremessen by a murtherer who shot at him being at his praiers in a Mosquee Hamet liued among the Alarabes but Muley Moluc had first retired to Alger from whence hee did for a time sollicit the King of Spaine by the meanes of D. Rodrigo Alonso Pimentel viceroy of Valencia to assist him to anoy Abdalla his brother who sought to depriue him of his right but seeing it was in vaine he past to Constantinople where hauing complained of the iniustice was done him by his brother hee continued in Selims seruice seeking all
the fift of Iulie the citie was burnt the Ladies Nunnes and other women and children being safely sent to Saint Marieport with their apparell and iewels euerie man being forbidden to search them vpon paine of death I haue thought good to annexe vnto the end of this relation for a remembrance to posteâ—â—tie the names of such as receiued the Order of Knighthood from the Generals as a testimonie of their well deseruing in this worthie action Sir Samuel â—â—gnol Sir Arthure â—â—uage The Earle of Sussex The Lord Burke Cont Lodowike Sir Williâ—â— Howard Sir George Deâ—ereux Sir Henrie Neuel Sir Edwin Rich. Sir Richard Leuen Sir Peter Egomort Sir Anthonie Ashley Sir Henrie Leonard Sir Richard Leuison Sir Horatia Vere Sir Arthâ—re 〈◊〉 Sir Miles Corâ—et Sir Edward Conway Sir Oliuer Lâ—mbert Sir Anthonie Cooke Sir Iohn Townsend Sir Christopher Heydon Names of such as were knighted at Cadiz Sir Francis Popham Sir Philip Woodâ—oâ—se Sir Alexander Clifford Sir Mâ—â—rice Barkley Sir Charles Blunt Sir George Gifford Sir Robert Crosse. Sir Iames Eseâ—damâ—â—e Sir 〈◊〉 Leigh Sir Iohn Leigh alias Lee. Sir Richard Weston Sir Richard Waiâ—man Sir Iames Wotton Sir Richard Ruddal Sir Robert Mansel Sir William Mouâ—son Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Edward Bowes Sir 〈◊〉 Druel Sir 〈◊〉 Preston Sir Robert Remington Sir Iohn Bâ—cke Sir Iohn Morgan Sir Iohn Aâ—ridge Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Mathew Browne Sir Iohn Acton Sir Thomas Gates Sir Giâ—â—â—e Mâ—rricke Sir Thomas Smith Sir William Pooley Sir Thomas Palmer Sir Iohn Stafford Sir Robert Louel Sir Iohn Gilbert Sir William Harâ—ey Sir Iohn Gray D. Christopher prince of Portugal Sir Iohn Vanderfoâ—â—d Admiral of the Hollanders Sir Robert Dudley 8 August Thus this triumphant English armie left Cadiz hauing receiued from the duke of Medina Sidonia nine and thirtie English prisoners which had beene slaues in the Spaniards hands Which done they past along the coast of Portugall they tooke spoyled and burnt Farol Farol burnt by the English they marcht into the countrey thereabouts after which exploit they shaped their course for England Hauing done this great affront to the king of Spaine they left him full of rage and desire of reuenge Fleet of Spaniards prepared against England whereupon presently after the retreat of the English he gaue commandement to the Adelantado of Castille to prepare a mightie fleet wherein he imployed great care and diligence so as it was readie the same yeare But this fleet had a farre different successe to that of England It consisted of fourescore ships which went out of Lisbone the eight of October 1596. They coasted along Gallicia to goe and joyne with the Generall of Biscaie where they had leuied some troupes of souldiers the Adelanâ—â—do comming to double cap S. Vincent in the night it seemes he mistooke his reckoning and â—ell short of the cap where they were taken with a cruell storme in the which fiue and fortie of their ships were cast away Spanish fleet cast away on Symon and Iâ—des day and the rest were so shaken with the storme as they had great difficultie to saue them so as their enterprise proued vaine that yeare This yere also they treated in Spaine of the canonizing of blessed S. Raymond Canonization of S. Râ—ymond desired by the Spaniards the which was afterwards effected at Rome They renewed their suit vnto the Pope which had bin made many yeares before to diuers of his predecessors After that instance had bin made vnto his Holinesse by the townes of the realme of Arragon who had sent Paul Costabile Generall of the preaching Friers of which Order S. Raymond had beene also Generall the Pope hauing pronounced thâ—t they should passe on to perfect this businesse the Archbishop of Taracona came to Barcellona with two bishops and the Proctor generall of S. Dominicke to reuiew Saint Raymonds â—odie the which was done with great ceremonie and authenticall writings sent to Rome to prosecute the rest About the same time Luca Calnacanti Chamberlaine to the Pope arriued being sent with two cardinals hats by him to Francis d' Auila Archdeacon of Toledo and to Ferdinand Nugnes de Gueuara President of the royall Councell who had beene newly created cardinals being exhorted by his Holinesse to passe with all speed to Rome as they did that Winter so as in the beginning of the next yeare they come into Italie hauing a good opportunitie to passe in those gallies which were come from Genoua whithâ—r the duke of Maqueda should also haue gone being appointed by the King to be Viceroy of Sicile but he was stayed many monethes by some sinister accidents And there arriued also Alphonso Gariglia who required a great aid of money for the prince of Transyluania to maintaine the warre against the Turke who found the king 〈◊〉 well 〈◊〉 not with standing that hee was inforced to maintaine warre in diuers places to his exceeding great toyle and charge Yet he satisfied that princes desire with abountifull hand and giue free libertie to the Popes Agents to buy a quantitie of come in his realmes to 〈◊〉 the state of the Church And then about the end of September the Indian fleet arriued safely at Seuille being verie rich the which did much comfort the Spaniards after the great losses they had sustained by the English armie 1597 There was nothing did more afflict the minds of the Spaniards Spaniards incensed against the English than their hatred and disdaine of the English being not able to endure not onely to be troubled in their traffique to the Indies and their rich fleets to be layâ—d for piercing euen into the heart of America but also to inuade the continent of Spaine with a royall armie and to land there by by force incountring spoyling and burning their ships euen in their ports Preparation in Spaine for a new armie Being therefore tormented with a desire of reuenge and grieued that the last yeares fleet being ruined by tempest could not effect what they had designed there was a new order giuen that many galleons should bee armed and new troupes of souldiers should bee leuied not onely in Spaine but also in Italie The king therefore touching matters of warre gaue an extraordinarie authoritie to the Cont Fuentes who was newly returned from the gouernement of Flanders They caused all ships of foreine countries to be stayed within their ports with an intent to make vse of them in this armie but the king falling verie sicke this preparation was somewhat stayed they being doubtfull of his life both in respect of his great age and the violence of his infirmitie And so the souldiers which were leuied for this seruice were sent to lodge some in Gallicia and some in Biscaie to bee fitly imbarked when time should serue The important cause concerning Marchants and Bankers Controuersie in Spaine touching the Bankers was now in question in Spaine they hauing for many yeares furnished the king with money for his warres in Flanders and other places
of Foix to ruine the right of Nauarre 770 Conspiracie against the Queene of Castile and Bertrand de la Cuena 779 Continuance of the warre in Cattalonia 786 Confederates in Castile contemne the Popes authoritie 779. they appeale from him to a generall councell 800 Contention for the Bishopricke of Siguenza 801 Courtesie well rewarded 804 Confession of Ioane Queene of Arragon at her death 810 Contempt of Iustice in Castile 821 Constable of Castile murthered bp the people 832 Contention betwixt king Fernand and Queene Izabella 847 Consultation touching the re-union of the royall reuenue 880 Confederates to the Duke of Viseo executed 910. Contention betwixt the Arch bishop of Toledo and the Queene of Castile 915 Columbus his first comming to the Kings of Castile 918. his first voyage to the Indies 945. hee is made Admirall of the Indies 948. his third voyage to the Indies 956. he with his brother are sent prisoners into Spaine 960. his fourth voyage to the Indies 970. his death 880 Councels are dangerous for the Church of Rome 883. Couetousnesse of a Spaniard controulled by an Indian 906 Conspiracie against king Fernand 912 Contention for the Master-ship of S. Iames 924 Contention for the towne of Areualo 924 Court of Parliament violated 948 Complaints against Cardinall Ximenes 949 Controuersie for the Earledome of Ribadeo 952. Coronation of the king of Castile the first of that name 960 Conference of Deputies touching the Realme of Nauarre ibid. Combat betwixt two Arragonois 968 Councell giuen to the Emperour by the Bishop of Osma 974 Colledge of Iesuites built at Ebora 977 Conference for the limits of Nauigation betwixt Castile and Portugal 978 Conditions imposed vpon the Elector of Saxony 1016 Constancy of the Elector of Saxony 1018 Contreras a rebel at Peru. 1034 Commendation of the Emperor Charles 1081 Councel of Trent 1094 Controuersie betwixt the French and Spaniards for precedence 1095 Commissioners appointed to order the Moores 1127 Confiderations of the Councel of Spaine 1133 Councellors about D. Iohn of Austria 1147 Conuoy defeated by the Moores of Granado 1152 Christians defeated by the Moores ibid. Commander of Castile disswaded D. Iohn from fighting with the Turke 1164. hee is sent to succeed the Duke of Alba in the gouernment of the Low countries 1178 Cruelty of a Grandfather 10 Cruelty and treachery of Lucullus 96 Cruelty auarice and infidelity of Valens against the Gothes 129 Cruelty of Fab. Maximus against the Spaniards 101 Cruelty of Agila against the Christians 140 Cruelty of Victeric to young Luiba 144 Cruelty of King D. Alphonso 414 Cruelty of Sancho King of Castile 435 Cruelty of D. Iohn of Castile 438 Cruelty breeds feare but not loue in subiects 504 Cruelties committed vpon the Iewes 632 Cruelty and couetousnesse to the Indians made religion odious to the vnbeleeuing 945 Cruelty of the sonne to his father and brethren 1020 Cruelty of the Marquis of Mendeiar 1144 Cruelty of the Xereffe Mahumet 1190 Cruelty of the Marquis of Santa Cruz to the French 1224 Custome to anoynt kings taken from the Hebrew 188 Custome to make women drinke first in Spaine 218 Custome antient and religious to purge themselues by oth 246 Cuenca taken from the Moores 320 Curse of the father vpon the sonne 417 Custome of Alaua 487 Cusco reuolts from Gonsaluo Pizarro 1030 Conquest of the Island of the Tercera's 1227 D DAmas the seat of the Caliphes 164 Desire of reuenge brutish 3 Description of Spaine 13 Description of Sardinia 22 Description of the Celtiberians 28 Defeat of the Carthagineans 44 Defeat of Spaniards 79 Defeat of Celtiberians 91 Despaire of the Numantins 108 Death of many learned Spaniards 119 Defeat of the Emperor Valent army and his miserable end 130 Defeat of Alaric 131 Defeat of Attila 133 Desire of reuenge in a woman damnable 134 Defeat of Sueues and death of Richiaire 135 Death of Ricarede and his vertues 144 Decree of the ninth Concile of Toledo 148 Decree made against the Iewes 152 Death of Mahomet 162 Defeat of Moores 174 Deeds of charity done by D. Ramir King of Leon. 203 Death of the seuen brethren of Lara very lamentable 214 Defeat of the Castillans and death of their Earle 218 Declyning of the Moores Monarchy in Spaine by their diuisions 220 Death of D. Sancho King of Nauarre 230 Detention of D. Garcia of Nauarre in Castile 237 Death of D. Garcia Sanches King of Nauarre 237 Deeds of almes done by the King of Castile 239 Debate for the Primacy of Spaine 252 Death of Cid Ruis Dias 263 Death of D. Alphonso the sixth 268 Death prodigious of D. Vrraca of Castile 280 Dexterity of D. Alphonso king of Castile 288 Debate among Bishops to inlarge their Dioceses 290 Death of the Emperor D. Alphonso 301 Death of D. Sancho the desired 304 Death of D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelona 310 Defeat of Christians nere to Alarcos 329 Deeds of D Sancho the Strong 330 Deceit of Mary Queene of Arragon commendable 333 Descendants of the house of Champagne 334 Death of D Fernand of Nauarre 337 Death of D. Fernand sonne to the king of Castile 339 Death of D. Sancho King of Portugal 344 Death of D. Alphonso the noble king of Castile 347 Death of D. Henry king of Castile 352 Death of D. Aluar and D. Fernand de Lara 355 Death of D. Fernand king of Castile 381 Death of D. Alphonso Infant of Arragon 393 Death of the Infant D. Fernand de la Corde 410 Death of D. Iaime king of Arragon 411 Death of D. Sancho king of Castile 438 Death of Fernand king of Castile 458 Death of D. Pedro of Castile and D. Iohn his vncle very strange 463 Defeat of Pisains and Sardynians before Caillery 467 Death of Mary Queene of Castile 466 Death of D. Denis king of Portugal 469 Defeat of Nauarrois by Guispucoa 477 Death of D. Fernand heire of Castile 495 Defeat of Arragonois and Nauarrois by the Castillans 499 Defeat of the garrison of Logrogne by the Earle of Foix. 500 Death of Ximenes de Luna Archbi of Toledo 506 Defeat of the Castillan army and death of the Admiral 509 Death of Philip king of Nauarre 517 Decree against the king of Maiorca 521 Defeat of the king of Arragons troupes by his rebels 523 Debate betwixt Toledo and Burgos for precedence 527 Death of D. Alphonso king of Castile 528 Detention of the Prince of Nauarre in France 591 Death of D. Fernand king of Portugal 602 Deliuery of the Prince of Nauarre in fauor of the king of Castile 605 Death of young Galston of Foix. 606 Death of D. Pedro king of Arragon 619 Demands of Portugal to Castile 639 Demands of the Biscains to the King of Castile 640 Death of Pope Clement at Auignon 649 Death of Iohn king of Arragon 650 Death of the Archbishop of Toledo 663 Demands made by D. Henry of Castile to the Estates 666 Death of the two sonnes of Nauarre 667 Death of Pero Lopes of Ayala a