Carthaginians entrenched themselues suddainely vpon a mount and there defended themselues easily against the Romanes who did striue to get vp yet being in a naked and desart place and vnfit to endure a siege of few dayes many disbanded and went to the Romanes campe the which Asdrubal perceiuing he abandoned his souldiors embarked himselfe and passed into the 〈◊〉 of Calis Scipio aduertised of his flight left Syllanus with tenne thousand foot and a thousand horse to besiege their campe and he with the rest of the armie returned in 70 daies to Tarracone where he should dispose of the affaires of the princes and noblemen of Spaine and giue rewards according to euery ones merit After his departure Massinissa practised by Sillanus Syllanus had secret conference with Massinissa who hauing new designes in his head passed into Africke with a small traine that he might draw his people to his owne humor The cause of his suddaine change did not then appeare the which he did afterwards justifie by a long and constant loyaltie wherein hee did persist vntill his death Mago did also passe into the Island of Gades Asdrubal hauing sent backe the vessels so as the armie being abandoned by the Commaunders was dispersed some sauing themselues by flight in the neighbour townes and some yeelding to the Romanes In this manner were the Carthaginians chased out of Spaine The Carthaginians chased out of Spaine about the twelfth yeare of the second Punick warre by the conduct and happinesse of Publius Scipio fiue yeares after that he had had the charge of the armies and gouernment of Spaine Within few daies after Syllanus came to Scipio being at Tarracone bringing him newes that the warre was ended L. Scipio was sent from thence to Rome with many prisoners of marke to carrie newes of the absolute victorie obtained of the Carthaginians in Spaine But Scipio not content to haue effected so great matters in that countrey had a greater designe so great was his mind and so desirous of glorie Wherefore knowing that there was not any one man to make head against him in Spaine he embraced all Africke Great dangers accompany great enterprises whither he passed to make factions and to trouble the Carthaginians Estate the which succeeded happily but it may be with greater hazard than was fit for his ranke Pub. Cornelius Scipio being returned out of Africke where he had withdrawne from the alliance of the Carthaginians king Siphax their neighbour and although hee did now see Spaine quiet in respect of the Africanes yet he knew that some townes did containe themselues more for feare than for any loue as those which had greatly incensed the Romanes during the precedent warres the first and chiefe either in greatnesse or offence were Castulo and Illiturgis Castulo and Illiturgis 〈◊〉 and rebellious townes Those of Castulo had shewed themselues friends during the prosperitie of the Romanes but after the defeat and death of the two Scipioes they had reuolted to the Carthaginians The Illiturgians had done worse for besides their reuolt they had deliuered such as had saued themselues there after these defeats to the slaughter These crimes were wisely dissembled by Scipio when hee came first into the Prouince and that matters were yet doubtfull for if he should then haue punished them he should haue respected justice more than profit Not expedient at all times to be iust All things being now assured and quiet hee thought it a fit time to punish them Wherefore hauing called Lu. Martius to Tarracone he sent him to besiege Castulo with the third part of his forces and hee himselfe departing from Carthagena led the rest of his armie before Illiturgis whither he came in fiue dayes march The inhabitants doubting that they would not leaue their trecheries vnpunished had fortified their towne and furnished themselues with all things necessarie to endure a siege Scipio let his souldiors vnderstand That these Spaniards did rightly feare that which they had merited exhorting them to goe against them with greater furie than against the Carthaginians themselues For sayd he the quarrell which wee haue had against them of Carthage Scipio besiegeth Illiturgis was onely for glorie and desire of rule but wee take armes against these men to punish them for their wickednesse and cruell treason The time is now come when wee shall reuenge the murthers done vnto our companions and the trecherie which they had prepared for you if you had fallen into their hands after the defeats and therefore let vs deale so as neuer any Nation shall hereafter dare to wrong the souldiors or citizens of Rome in any disgrace whatsoeuer Hauing animated his souldiors with these words hee commaunded ladders should be brought and distributed to the most assured companies then diuiding his armie into two he commaunded That Lelius his Lieutenant should assayle the towne on the one side and he would lead the rest into diuers places the which was executed with great courage and resolution The townesmen had no need of any captaine to encourage them in their defence for euery one knowing his danger The remembrance of great crimes make men desperat was both a spurre to himselfe and his companion saying That it was not the honour of a victorie which they sought of them but their punishment That they must make an account to die but it was more honest and safe to hazard it fighting whereas euery one giueth as well as taketh and oftentimes the vanquished riseth and the victor falleth rather than to be led bound and manacled after that wee shall haue seene our towne burnt to ashes to end our liues with torments and all ignominie in the sight of our wiues and children Honor and libertie animate valiant men who shall be made slaues Wherefore they came resolutely to the walls not onely such as were able to carrie armes but old men women and children which made resistance aboue their forces they brought stones and gaue armes to those that did fight It was not onely a question of libertie which giueth courage to valiant men but they did apprehend the horror of punishments and the vild and ignominious death which they should suffer euery one tooke courage seeing his companions valour Wherefore if it was well assayled it was better defended so as this Romane armie which had subdued all Spaine being often repulsed by the inhabitants did shamefully wauer Which Scipio perceiuing he feared least his men should faint after so many vaine attempts and the enemies should grow more hardie wherefore hee thought it needfull to hazard his owne person and to bee partaker of the danger whereupon he commanded them to make ready their ladders againe and reproching the souldiors of cowardise he aduanced to mount himselfe if he had found them slacke and came neere vnto the wals Scipio obstinate to vanquish or die not without great danger but the souldiors being very carefull of their Generall began all to crie out and
retyred from Court into his country of Saldagne where he shewed himselfe as much as he could an enemie to king D. Alphonso D. Fortun third King of Nauarre 23 DVring the raigne of this king of Ouiedo and Leon Nauarre D. Fortun was the third king of Sobrarbre and Nauarre An. 802. who came vnto the Crowne in the yeare 802 after the decease of D. Garcia Inigo his father He was not onely to make head against the Moores but also against the French who spoyled his countries of Nauarre and Arragon as well as those of the Mahumetists for souldiours hold nothing holie but that which is barren and yeelds no bootie During the raigne of this king was that famous defeat at Ronceuaux where he was with his Nauarrois and other confederates for the Spanish partie where the French hauing beene defeated and stripped of their baggage they afterwards did all they could to annoy Spaine This king was married to Theude daughter to D. Galinde by reason whereof he did inherite as some say the countrey of Arragon yet this vnion of Arragon and Nauarre is not receiued by all Authors but is referred to a later time and there are memorials found of other Earles in that countrey after D. Galinde Of this marriage came the infant D. Sancho Garces successor in the realme of Sobrarbre and Nauarre to D. Fortun his father whom it may be this Theude had had to her second husband for some Authors say that she had beene formerly married to one of Charles his captaines and of his bloud called Bernard not he which gouerned Cattelogne D. Fortun had great warres against the Arabian Moores to whom with the Arragonois and other his allyes he gaue battaile at a place called Olcassa or Olaast in the which died D. Ximen Aznaris Earle of Arragon brother to D. Theude the which some maintaine did happen vnder D. Sancho sonne and successor to D. Fortun who was vanquished and slaine by Musa Aben Cacin or Heazin king of Saragosse The Christians woon this battaile of Olcassa by the valour of them of Roncal who had for a testimonie thereof the title and priuiledges of Gentrie which they enjoy at this day D. Sancho Garces sixt King of Nauarre 24 D. Fortun hauing raigned thirteene yeares died An. 815. and there succeeded him in the yeare 815 his sonne D. Sancho Garces who continued the warres against the Moores with good successe There is mention made of a battaile he woon against them in the yeare 821 neere vnto Ochauiere in the which the inhabitants of the valley of Roncal behaued themselues so valiantly as they deserued a new confirmation and enlargement of their priuiledges of Nobilitie These people although they were subjects of Nauarre yet they leuie an annuall tribute of the French their neighbours by an accord made in old time It is a place vnder the jurisdiction of Sanguesse situated in the Pyrenee mountaines of Nauarre confining vpon them of Val Breton which are of France from whom they exact three Cowes euerie yeare on the third day of Iune with certaine ceremonies obserued of old time Some thinke this tribute grew by reason of the warres which this king had with the Gascoines and French who being incensed with the Cont of Ronceuaux did vsually inuade the territories of Sobrarbre and Nauarre who after they had beene vigorously repulsed by him and his successors they were forced to make the aboue-mentioned peace and doe the homage 25 In Arragon Arragon D. Ximen Aznar the sonne of D. Galinde hauing commaunded with the title of Earle a gallant knight who died in the battaile of Olcassa following the partie of D. Fortun Garces of Nauarre or else in the seruice of D. Fortun his sonne about the yeare 803 to him succeeded his vncle called D. Ximen Garces notwithstanding that he had a brother Diuers Earles of Arragon whose name was Endregot whether it were by force or otherwise the Histories make no mention This D. Ximen Garces liued little he was wise and valiant and was slaine in an incounter against the Moores After him D. Garcia Aznaris was fift Earle of Arragon who also did not long enjoy his estate and was slaine fighting valiantly against the Moores in Spaine D. Fortun his sonne did inherite the Earledome of Arragon who imployed himselfe valiantly in the warres against the Moores he died without any sonne so as Arragon was then vnited to Nauarre by the meanes of D. Vrraca daughter to D. Fortun or as some write of D. Endregot Galinde who was married to D. Garcia Inigo second of that name king of Nauarre sonne to Inigo Arista the which was the first woman which did inherite this Countie of Arragon Succession of women in Arragon and brought in a custome that the women should succeed 26 Another Bernard of whom we haue made mention who intitled himselfe Earle of Barcelone Cattelogne Duke and Marquesse of Spaine gouerned Cattelogne about the yeare 796 for the French after the death of Zato the Moore being their vassale and tributarie He had beene Gouernor of Prouence and Languedoe vnder the Emperour Charlemaigne In Cattelogne he made sharpe warres against the Moores wherein he was assisted by a Spanish knight called D. Geoffrey the hairie which succeeded in the gouernment of Barcelone This Geoffrey was Lord of the castle of Arria in the territorie of Conflent and Countie of Barcelone with the helpe of which D. Bernard he tooke from the Moores all the countrey which lyes betwixt the two riuers of Noguera and Lobregat but after the death of Charlemaigne a Gouernor of Guienne called Aymon hauing rebelled against the Emperor Lewis his sonne and successor besides the hurt he did in that Prouince entred into Cattelogne and tooke townes and castles being fauoured by Abderramen king of the Moores at Cordoua and in the yeare 820 these rebellious French and the Moores hauing joyned their forces together they came and besieged Barcelone 27 This Abderramen Moores second of that name had succeeded his father Halihatan who died in the yeare 819 and of the Arabians 202 hauing raigned 24 yeares who of many wiues which Mahumets law doth allow had left 19 sonnes and 21 daughters This warre of Cattelogne was one of Abderramens first exploits in the which Barcelone was taken in the yeare 820 but soone after recouered by the Christians In the yeare 824 died Don Alphonso the chast Ouiedo hauing instituted for his successor D. Ramir An. 824. sonne to D. Bermond or Veremond the Deacon rejecting D. Bernard of Carpio his sisters sonne who was his lawfull heire This Prince raigned 29 yeares and was buried at Ouiedo in S. Maries Church which he had built He was a great benefactor of the Clergies Wee find a donation made by him to the Church of Compostella Letters of donation suspect of about a league of ground about S. Iaques sepulchre but the date of these letters are of the yeare 835 which agrees not with
and arriuing at Cordoua hee found that D. Aluaro Perez de Castro and other Captaines and souldiers in great numbers were already come to succour his men King Aben Hut beeing aduertised of all these things and of D. Fernands arriuall with small forces although there came great troupes afterwards thought it fit to preuent him if he could or at the least to strike some terror into the Christians and force them to retire from this seege He had in his armie which lay about Eccia a Christian Knight D. Laurence Suarez betrays king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile a banished man called D. Laurens Suares Hauing imparted his desseigne vnto him he resolued to send him one night vnto the campe vnder colour of seeking to recouer the kings fauour but it was to espie and to discouer vnto him the true estate of the Christians armie This Knight hauing obtained a pasport came vnto the campe and spake vnto the king doing the contrarie to that which he had in charge for he discouered vnto the King D. Fernand all the Moores desseignes and what forces hee had wherefore beeing assured from the king of his grace and fauour he retired to Aben Hut to whom he concealed what he had seene and vnderstood telling him that the Christians army was much stronger then it was indeed Wherefore king Aben Hut durst not attempt that which he had resolued and thinking that they of Cordoua wold hold good for a time he resolued to employ his forces to succour king Zaen who was prest by the king of Arragon towards Valencia thinking after that he had repulsed the Arragonois to returne fortified with Zaens forces and cause the Christians to retire from before Cordoua Beeing arriued at Almery to imbarke his army a vassall of his whom hee did much esteeme called Aben Arramin inuited him to supper where he so feasted him as beeing drunke he cast him into a great vessell full of water and there drowned him wherupon the army disbanded and D. Laurence Suarez whom king Aben Hut had ledde with him retired to the king of Castile who receiued him graciously notwithstanding that he had betrayed him who had entertayned him during his exile This death of this Moorish king Cordoua yelded 1236. beeing generally knowne especially at Cordoua the beseeged despayred of succors so as they yeelded the cittie vnto the king of Castile the sixt moneth of the seege in the yeare 1236 which was 522. yeares after that it had beene first taken by the Moores The king Don Fernand caused a crosse to be set vppon the tower of the great Mesquide in token of our redemption and neere vnto it the standard of Castile which Mesquide was purified beeing one of the goodliest buildings in Spaine and made the Cathedrall Church D Lope de Hitero first Bishop of Cordoua of the which Don Lope de Hitero of Piçuerga was made bishop The king did indow it with rents and reuenues like the rest and so did the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo in his returne from Rome where he had beene during the seege and was not at the taking thereof of his great griefe but affaires of greater Importance had kept him absent in the meane time Don Iohn Bishop of Osma was his Vice-gerent and Chancelor to the King There the bells of Saint Iames were found which the Alhagib Almançor had taken away in the yeare 975. and placed them in this great Mosqueé making them to serue for lampes which the king Don Fernand caused to be transported to their auncient mansion The affaires of this great cittie which had beene the chiefe of the Moores estate were ordered by the king both for religion 〈◊〉 Iustice and for the guard and safety therof with great care Don Tello Alphonso de Mâ—neses was made Gouernor of the citty and Don Aluar Perez de Castro of the whole fronter The kingdome of Granado BY the losse of Cordoua and the death of king Aben Hut the Moores were wonderfully dismayed and voyd of Councell wherefore they returned to their old course euery one respecting his priuate interest so as the Infidels estate was dismembred into many parts Aben Hudiel among others seazed vpon the Realme of Murcia Zeit and Zaen being yet in warre and contending for the realme of Valencia In the country of Algarbe whereof Niebla was the chiefe citty Aben Iafon raigned who had for his successor Aben Amarin and then another called Aben Mofad Those of Seuile would haue no king but onely a Gouernor Beginning of Granado where one Axataf was in great authoritie and it was he which lost it But aboue all the power of Mahomad Alienalagmar or Aben Alamar was great so called for that he had a red face who from a shepheard hauing followed armes had attained to the chiefe places of honour and was in such credit by reason of his valour force and stature as in these tumults the Inhabitants of Arjona where he was borne chose him for their king and then other people submitted themselues vnder him especially the townes of Iaen Bacça which was ill garded and Guadix and in the end the citty of Granado which he afterwards made his royall seate and the chiefe of all his country and Seigneuries This was the first king of Granado whereas vntill that time there was no kingdome it was erected at such time as Cordoua the chiefe cittie of all the Moores Estate in Spain was made subiect vnto the Christians 25 Whilest that the king Don Fernand is busie at this honorable enterprize of Cordoua and D. Iaime or Iames king of Arragon at that of Valencia which was nothing inferior â—auarre Thibaud the new king of Nauarre had meanes of settle his affaires without any difficultie for he found all the Estates of the Kingdome willing to obey him At his reception he did sweare and confirme the liberties and priuiledges of the country the which he did also augment This was the beginning of the second masculine line of the Kings of Nauarre 〈…〉 the first ending in D. Sancho the which since D. Garcia Ximenes had continued 518. yeares Successions of States and Soueraignties falling to women against all lawe and presidents of well ordered kingdomes in the first ages is the cause that strange and vnknowne Princes of diuers humors come to raigne ouer Nations which sometimes haue succeeded well but very often great troubles and inconueniences haue followed At this time the Nauarrois were not vnfortunate to haue a king of the French nation who was a meanes to augment the power and dignitie of that Crowne by many accessories from France his mother D. Blanche daughter to the king D. Sancho the Wise and sister to the last Sancho was the first which brought the succession of women into Nauarre although she did not raigne beeing dead before the king Don Sancho the Strong her brother D. Pedro Ramires of Pedrola Bishop of Pampelone among others did faithfully maintaine the rights of this
of Saint Iames who remained at Santa Cruz de la Sierra delt in such sort as captaine Gratian of Sese deliuered him the fort of Trugillo being recompenced with the Lordship of Saint Helice de los Gallegos where shortly after he was cruelly murthered and stoned to death by his owne tenants About the same time the Maister of Saint Iames D. Iohn de Pacheco fell sicke of an Impostume in his throate which caused him to voide great quantity of putrified bloud at his mouth which in the end strangled him Death of D. Iohn de 〈◊〉 Maister of Sainâ— Iames. he died in the threescore and fourth yeere of his age hauing more credit and authority in Spaine then any Lord in his time his death was kept secret by his seruants vntill the fort of Trugillo was yeelded vp which was forthwith done and then it was openly declared to all men his body was carried to Parrall neere Segobia a Monastery of Saint Ierosme founded by King Henry then reigning for his place of buriall and the Maister was buried in the chiefe chappell with great pompe and sollemnity Great was the Kings sorrow for the Maisters death to whose sonne and heire Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena he did not only confirme the guifts of the townes cities and castles granted to his father but bestowed likewise vpon him the Maistership of Saint Iames and sent a messenger to the Pope to obtaine the confirmation thereof not respecting the Knights of the same Order who began to murmur and strongly to oppose themselues against it and they did not onely bandy themselues against the Marquis of Villena who was not chosen according to the rules of the Order but they likewise fell at variance amongst themselues for D. Roderigo Manrique Earle of Paredes Commander of Segura said that the election of the new Maister ought to be made in the Couent of Vcles according to the ancient custome On the other side D. Alphonso de Cardegna great Commander of Leon affirmed that it stood with great reason that the election should be made in Saint Marks of Leon in regard the deceased Maister died in the confines of Leon wherefore each of them standing firme in their allegations and hauing their factions and 〈◊〉 those two were chosen and saluted for Maisters in such sort as the Order of Saint Iames had at that time three heads like vnto Câ—rberâ—s the three headed â—ogge 〈◊〉 The Marquis of Villena besides the Kings fauour did hope that the Earle of 〈…〉 Commander of Castile would take his part and because he had the keeping of Donna 〈◊〉 the Kings supposed daughter it made the King more bound vnto him and in 〈◊〉 deed by reason thereof the King did groatly aduance him the which gained diuers seruants to the Princesse Donna Isabella who were iealous to see his sonne who had done them so much mischiefe in so great credit and authority The Cardinall of Spaine hauing beene a certaine time at Segobia with the Princesse came backe to Madrid to the King with the Constable Don Pedro 〈◊〉 Velafco who ioyntly spake to the King with the great boldnesse â—ouching the succession of the Kingdome beseeching him to take in good part that which they should say vnto him vpon their consciences King Henry takes no care for the succâ—ssion of his Kingdome which was that he ought to maintaine the Princesse Isabels right because he knew better then any that this Donna Ioane was not his daughter and they requested him in the name of God not to be the cause of so great miseries which would oppresse his Kingdome after his decease if hee should dissemble in that behalfe but to speake the truth for his peoples sake in declaring his sister the Princesse his true and lawfull heire wherevnto the King without any trouble made answere that Order should be taken for them both neuerthelesse hee delaied all hee could from medling in that businesse In the meane space the Marquis of Villena who promised to him selfe the Maister-ship of Saint Iames thinking to practize with the Knights of Castile and chiefly with the Earle of Osorno the great Commander came to Villarejo in which place the enterview of him and the Earle was agreed vpon The Maâ—quiâ— of Villenâ— taken prisoner by his competitor but the Earle feigning himselfe sicke sent thither his wife well accompanied with men at armes by whom the Marquis at his lighting from his horse was seized vpon and carried away prisoner into the castle of Fuente Duegna The King being aduertized hereof did presently take horse notwithstanding he was very sicke and came to the Earle of Osorno who shewed himselfe sterne and obstinate without respect or reuerence wherefore the King returned highly displeased to Madrid By the way he met with the Archbishop of Toledo at Villa Verde who offered him his seruice and therevpon to please him hee beseeged out of hand the castle of Fuente Duegna whether the King likewise came in person The seege lasting long Lopes Vasques de Acugna brother to the Archbishop making shew of ending this strife as a friend found meanes to bring the Countesse of Osorno to a parley who comming abroade with a sonne of hers was deceiued in the same manner as she had beguiled the Marquis and the mother and the sonne were brought prisoners into the castle of Hueta This pollicy did highly please the King and the Archbishop The Countesse of Osorno and her sonne taken the Marquis of Vâ—llena set at 〈◊〉 and was the cause that the Marquis was deliuered the Cardinall and the Constable made an end of the matter and the prisoners were set at liberty on either side the Archbishop of Toledo returned to Alcala and the King beeing much afflicted and weake to Madrid where Catarres vomitings and other mortall accidents brought him to his last houre The physitions hauing told the Cardinall of Spaine the Constable the Marquis of Villena the Earle of Benauent and other Lords of his Councel there present that his sicknesse was mortall they caused Frier Peter Maçuelo prior of Saint Ierosme of Madrid his confessor to put him in minde of matters belonging to his soules health and the peace of his Kingdome Hee had long discourse with the prior in confession then hee made his will appointing the Cardinall the Duke de Areualo the Marquis of Villena and the Earle of Benauent for his executors and hee commaunded that his seruants should bee paide and well recompenced with his treasure and iewells and declared Donna Ioane to bee his lawfull daughter and true heire to his Kingdomes the which will was written by Iohn de Ouiedo one of his secretaries neuerthelesse diuers authors affirme that he made no will and say that as he was in the agony of death those that were present asked him whom he would declare to be his heire to whom hee made none other answere but that Iohn Gonçall his Chaplaine knew his minde therein vnto whom he
summes of money vpon the Clergie for two yeares His infirmity increasing hee had such continuall faintings as on the seuen and twentieth of Iune they thought hee would haue died wherefore finding himselfe neere his end he desired to make his will and caused it to be written Testament of king Ferdinand leauing his daughter Queene Ioane for his generall heire and the infant D. Ferdinand his grand child gouernour of Castille to whome he gaue for gouernour D. Gonsal of Guzman treasorer of Calatraua and for his Schoolemaster D. Aluaro Osorio bishop of Astorga hauing a great desire to cause the three masterships of Castille to fall into his hands after his death whereupon he made orders which hee thought might take place but afterwards he reuoked them He had some amendment and came to Aranda of Duero whether Anthony Augustine his Chancellor of Arragon came whom he caused to be apprehended Chancellor of Aâ—â—gon accused to haue sought to dishonor queen Germaine and committed being informed that he had presumed to attempt against the honor of the queene his wife for seeing her too desirous to haue children and the king her husband by reason of his age and infirmitie too weake he had offered her his seruice too familiarly This Chancellor remained in prison till after the kings death and then was set at liberty by the Cardinal Xtmenes who was gouernor of Spaine The same yeare there hauing been an enteruiew at Vienne in Austria betwixt the emperour Maximiliâ—â— and Ladislaus king of Hongarie and Bohemia the marriages were accorded of the infant Ferdinand with Anne Daughter to the said king of Hongarie and of Marie sister to prince Charles of Austria Infanta of Castille with Lewis sonne and heir to the said king Ladislaus 13 King Francis past into Lombardy with a great army what succeeded in those wars you may read at large in the French Historie The Pope seeing all things prosper for the French made an accord with the king they had an enteruiew at Bolonia with great shewes of friendship Enteruiew betwixt Pope Leo and king Franâ—â—â— there they confirmed their league and conferred long of the conquest of Naples for the French king but they resolued to deferre it till after the death of king Ferdinand which they knew to be neere the Pope hauing no desire of it for the quiet of Italie alleaging for excuse that the time of the league which hee had with the Catholike king did not yet expire of sixeteene months yet in shew he seemed verie willing to countenance that conquest so as the French king who was well content to haue it deferred vntil another time for that his treasur was exhausted was verie wel satisfied There the Pragmatike sanction was abolished Pragmatike sanction abolished the Pope granting liberty to the king to the preiudice of the clergy of France to name present men at his pleasure to ecclesiastical dignities and benefices being voide within his realme a priuiledge which belonged to Chapters and Colledge they made many other agreements to the contentment one of another In this estate stood the affaires of Italie towards the end of king Ferdinands daies whose disease did vndermine him by little little yet he would needs part from Segobia to goe into Arragon to the estates whether he had sent Queene Germaine his wife transporting himselfe to Calataiub but he was forced to returne into Castille as well for the affaires of the realme as to giue order to prouide men for Italie in fauour of the emperor Maximilian who made preparation to enter it in the Spring and also to care for the defence of that which he held in Afrike At that time was the marriage betwixt D. Alfonso Peres of Guzman or Aluaro duke of Medina Sydonia and D. Anna of Arragon daughter to D. Alfonso of Arragon the kings Neece to whom one of his Councel comming from visiting a certaine woman whom they held for a Saint in Spaine called the holie woman of Barca reported from her that hee should bee of a good courage for hee should not die before he had conquered Ierusalem but this good woman was deceiued This yeare dyed of a double quarten Ague the great Captaine Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua duke of Sessa Death of D. Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua called the great Captaine Terranoua of Saint Ange marquesse of Bitonto Prince of Squilaci and Constable of the realme of Naples Among the other vertues of this famous man hee is much commended for his great chastity a rare thing in a Spaniard his end was in the seuenty third yeare of his age leauing by his wife D. Maria Henrique one only daughter and heire named D. Eluira of Cordoua his bodie lies in the monastery of Saint Ierosme in that citie The king hearing of the death of this worthy man sent to comfort his widow and daughter 14 In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and sixeteene 1516 which was the last of king Ferdinands life there arriued in Castille at a place called the Sereine doctor Adrian Florent deane of Louuain embassador for Prince Charles of Austria and his Scholemaster who in time was made bishop of Tortosa then Cardinall and successiuely Pope His charge in shew was for matters of gouernement against the Lord of Cheures who was the princes gouernour but in effect he came into Spaine to prie and looke into the state of things and to aduertise the prince And the King dying which was held to bee verie neere hee had authoritie and commaundement to take possession in his name of the gouernement of the realmes of Castille Arragon and the rest The king parted from Plaisance with an intent to goe to Guadalupe there to performe a vow passing from one place to an other his infirmitâ—e still increasing hee stayed at Madrigalejo a borough neere vnto Trugillo where he had a kind of fluxe by reason whereof doctor Adrian who was verie vnpleasing vnto him transported himselfe thither yet shewing him a good countenaunce hee willed him to goe and attend him at Guadalupe his sickenesse encreasing they that were about him were constrayned to aduertise him that his end drew neere the which did much discontent him for hee thought hee had a longer time to liue neyther did hee giue credit to all that his Confessor Frier Thomas of Matienso said vnto him but when they had often reiterated this aduertisement that hee might dispose himselfe to die like a Christian he caused the Licenciat Zapate and doctor Caruaial who were of his chamber and of his Councell to bee called vnto him and with them the Licenciat Vergas his Treasurer who was also of his Councell a man in whom hee had great confidence whom he enioyned and coniured to giue him good and faithfull councell in that which hee should demaund of them hee told them that for the opinion hee had that prince Charles would not come in person to gouerne the realmes of Spaine hee had appoynted the Infant
the island of Sebut where they past the feast of Easter in the yeare 1521 and persuaded the king of that countrey called Hamabar to become a Christian receiuing victuals and persents from him with information of the Molucques In the same island there was another king enemie to Hamaâ—ar called Calpulapo Death of Ferdinand Maâ—â—llanes lord of Mautan against whom Ferdinand Magellanes going to fight was slaine there in battell the 27 of Aprill 1521. Iohn Serran who was chiefe pilot of the armie temaining the chiefe was soone after taken by king Hamabâ—r who had been called Charles at his baptisme and put to death with seuentie other Spaniards Wherefore the three ships parted from thence hauing but an hundred and fifteene men remaining and came to Cohol where they burnt one of their ships there they trimmed vp the two others and then went to Bornoy where they were courteously intreated by the king Sirâ—pida a great and mightie lord who releeued them with all necessaries in which countrey they saw great riches and deuises of gold and siluer Then passing by the island of cinbâ—hon they came to the island of Tidore Fiue islands of Molucques which is one of the fiue of the Molucques whereof the other foure are Terrenate where seuen monethes before this arriuall died Francis Serran a Portugal kinsman to Magellanes who gaue him first knowledge of these islands incouraged him to go thither Mate Matille and Machian which lye vnder the Equinoctiall or thereabouts verie small but abounding in riches being distant from Spaine aboue an hundred and seuentie degrees The king of Tidore called abâ—ansor although he were a Mahumetist suffered these Spaniards to traffique freely and was pleased with their arriuall and with the friendship of the king of Castille The discouerie of these islands in the time of the king D. Manuel did cause great controueries betwixt Castille and Portugal the Portugals pretending that they were thereby interessed and hindered in their course assigned for their nauigation Yet the king D. Manuel moued no debate for before that the newes of this discouerie was knowne in Spaine he ended his dayes towards the end whereof there happened a great plague and famine in Portugal During which afflictions the mariage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Beatrix second daughter to the king D. Manuel Mariage betwixt the duke of Sauoy and D. Beatrix of Portugal and Charles duke of Sauoy to whom she was sent this yeare 1521 with a fleet of three and twentie saile of the which D. Martin of Castiblanc earle of Villanoua was generall being accompanied by D. Martin of Acosta bishop of Lisbone with other noblemen and by D. Leonora de Sylua and a daughter of the earle of Faro with many waiting women The Infanta was then sixteene yeares old and seuen monethes After the returne of this fleet Death of the king D. Manuel about the end of the yeare the king D. Manuel died little lamented by the Clergie of his countrey of whom he had leuied new and vnaccustomed subsidies hauing raigned six and twentie yeares and three monethes in the three and fiftieth yeare of his age He was buried in the monastetie of Belem which he himselfe had caused to be built D. Iohn third of that name fifteenth King of Portugall 28 HIs sonne D. Iohn succeeded him the third of that name at the solemnitie of whose reception there were present some of the Infants his brethren D. Iago duke of Bragance the master of S. Iames the earle of Tentugal the earle of Taroca D. Iohn de Meneses prior of Saint Iohn the great master the marquesse of Tournouo and Villa Real with other noblemen and gentlemen of the realme and the cardinall D. Alphonso his brother in whose hands the oath was taken This prince was fat and vnweldie verie religious Vniuersitie of Coimbra erected and a louer of learned and valiant men He was founder of the Vniuersitie of Coimbra and of the royall colledge of Saint Paul the which he endowed with great reuenues and large stipends for the Regents and Doctors wherein hee was followed and assisted by the cardinall D. Henrie Colledge of Iesuites built at Ebora his brother who built in the citie of Ebora the colledge of Iesuites with professors in the tongues and sciences both sacred and prophane The queene D. Leonora widow to king Manuel was in the yeare 1522 deliuered of an after birth named D. Maria which was not maried This new king continued the nauigations begun by his predecessors with great affection and had great contention with the Emperour Charles in regard of the Molucques whereas the ships of Castille had beene well entertained as we haue said by Almansor king of the island of Tidore whereas the Castillans stayed fiue whole monethes and made a kind of bargaine by the which king Almansor promised to giue so many cloues for a certaine â—â—sure of red cloth blew cloth orlinnen and so proportionably of other spices The warshipe of Castille remaining of Ferdinand Magellanes armie that is the Victorie and the Trinitie diuided themselues and disposed of their returne so as the Trinitie should shape his course to Panama vpon the coast of new Spaine Voyage of Iohn Sebastian del Cano. which they held to be but a short voyage and Iohn Sebastian del Cano with the Victorie following the Portugals voyage should returne into Spaine by the cap Bon Esperance The Victorie then parting from Tidore men of the island of Tidore Aprill 1522 with fortie seuen Spaniards and thirteene in the moneth of they came to Zumatra in old time called Taprobana and theâ—â—repassing vnder the Equinoctioll and the Winter Tropike they doubled the cap of Bon Esperance and arriued in the port of S. Lucar of Barameda in September hauing beene about three yeares in his long and dangerous voyage in the which it is thought that this Iohn Sebastion del Cano made aboue foureteene thousand leagues at sea The other ship called the Trinitie commaunded by a captaine called Spinosa sayling towards new Spaine was put back by contrarie winds to Tidore whither Anthonio Brito a captain for the king D. Iohn was come with fiue ships of Portugal by whom the Castillans were taken and spoyled and carried being fortie eight to Malaca so as of fiue ships which parted with Fernando Magellanes the Victorie onely returned into Spaine besides that of S. Anthonie which would not follow him The voyage of the East Indies hath alwayes beene more successfull for the Portugals than Castillans and at that time the king D. Iohn intreated the Emperour Charles not to suffer his subiects to goe to the Molucques to auoid the ruine of armies which are sent to discouer those countries wherunto he yeelded not knowing what Anthonio Brito had done to the Castillans that were in the Trinitie at Tidore vntill that expert men in the Mathematikes and Nauigation Conference for the limits of the Nauigation betwixt Castile and Portugal
were D. Michel de Moncado D. Bernardin de Cardines and Salazar Captaine of the Citadell of Palermo in the middest were D. Francis Zapate and Lewis Carrillo and in the poupe D. Iohn with the great Commaunder of Castille the Earle of Plego D. Lewis de Cordoua Roderigo de Benauides D. Iohn de Guzman D. Philip de Heredia Ruy Dias de Mendosa and others In Aly Bassas galley were foure hundred Ianisaries shot and some Archers tryed men who fought verie valiantly against D. Iohns Spaniards who entred twice into the Turkes Admirall and were valiantly repulst by them Aly being succoured by diuers others gallies which were about him but such was the resolution of the Christians as they became masters thereof Marc Antonio Colonna arriuing in whose galley was the Commander Romeias who wanted neither iudgement nor courage Aly Bassa was slaine and in a maner all that were in his galley his head was cut from his bodie and presented vnto D. Iohn who caused it to bee set vpon the end of a pike for a spectacle to encourage the Christians to pursue the victorie and to daunt the Turkes who began then to faint Iohn Andrew Doria was also Victor on his part but some said that hee might haue done better if hee had list for hee suffered Vluccialy to escape In these actions there is no man troubled but such as are in them the rest speake at pleasure The most furious combat was in the left wing of the armie whereas the Proueditor Barbarigo commaunded who left scarce any one of the enemies gallies but was broken sunk or taken This wise and valiant Captaine was shot into the eye with an arrow whereof hee dyed Portau Bassa fled away in a boat seeing Aly slaine and the battell lost Caracossa Gouernour of Valona a famous Pyrat was slaine by Honorat Gaietan Captaine of one of the Popes Gallies The valour of Martin de Padille was great who with his onely galley tooke three of the enemies It was an horrible spectacle to see the Sea dyed with bloud full of dead Carkasses and peeces of gallies Many sought to runne themselues on gronnd but they were preuented by the Venetian gallies many Turkes cast themselues into the Sea thinking to saue their liues by swimming but they fainted and perished before they got to land It was the greatest victorie that had beene at Sea in many ages Number of the dead The battell continued eighteene houres wherein they spent some part of the night there died about fiue and twentie thousand Turkes and almost all the Commaunders others write that there were fifteene thousand Turkes slaine and seuen thousand Christian and some write thirteene thousand There were taken and carried away one hundred and seuenteene gallies and thirteene Galleots and many were sunke the number whereof was vnknowne there were some thirtie and nine gallies galleots and foists which escaped and came to Lepanto which relikes Vluccialy had charge to conduct to Constantinople yet they were so ill handled as hee was faine to leaue sixe of them behind They tooke one hundred and seuenteene Canons and two hundred fiftie and eight small peeces of Ordnance some number three thousand eight hundred fortie and sixe prisoners and some 5000 among which were the two Sons of Aly Bassa Sirocco gouernor of Negropont was taken but he was so wounded as he died soone after his wife who was exceeding faire was also taken prisoner There were 15000 Christian slaues set at libertie The Christians besides priuat men lost 14 Captaines of gallies and sixty knights of Malta and aboue eight thousand that were hurt of men of name there were slaine Augustin Barbarigo the Prouiditor with fifteene other gentlemen of Venice D. Bernardin de Cardine a Spaniard Horatio and Virginio Vrsini with diuers others and of wounded D. Iohn himselfe the Generall Veniero Paul Iourdain Vrsini the earle of Sancta Fiora Troilo Saâ—elli and Thomas de Medicis They found in Alys galley two and twentie thousand peeces of gold called Soldamini and in that of Caracossa forty thousand The whole prey was diuided at Port Caligiero some write at Corfu to euerie one of the confederates according to the rate the king of Spaine had of six parts three the state of Venice two and the Pope one and all the captaines and souldiers were commended and rewarded for their good seruice After which D. Iohn Marc Antonio Colonna and D. Iohn Andrew Doria retyred to Messina whereas they found that the Marquesse of Pescara the Viceroy was newly dead hauing frequented women too much Marc Antonio Colonna went to Rome the great Commaunder of Castille with him to treat with the Pope touching the next yeres seruice for the league and to goe to his gouernment of the duchie of Milan which the king had giuen him after the death of the duke of Albuquerque This victorie was wonne the seuenth of October 1571 without any further poursuit for the opinions of the commanders depending of sundrie masters were diuers and also for that the season of the yeare was too farre spent The duke of Alba being incensed against the Queene of England Duke of Alba sends to treat with the queene of England for that she had staied his money and as hee thought fauoured the Rebels of the Netherlands vnder hand he studied how to crosse her and to cause some troubles in her Countrie and to giue the better forme to that which had been begun by his practises hee sent Chiapin Vitelli vnder colour to treat with her of the composition of reprisals and restitution of that which had beene taken from king Philips subiects but hee gaue him secret instructions against that state if hee might conueniently effect them There was no meanes to come to any accompt for the spoiles which were taken by the English from any of the king of Spaines subiects or adherents for that they were either wasted by priuat men or else the truth could not be verified Wherefore Vitelli was sent backe with good words and could doe nothing in that respect And as for the enterprises whereof hee had charge to conferre with certaine Noble men discontented with the present gouernment hee could not worke any thing for during his aboad in England hee was carefully obserued yet the Pope had his Spies and Negotiators in the countrie and did solicite king Philip to help to depriue the queen both of her crowne and life and that the Roman Catholikes and such as vnder that pretext desired innouations might be the Masters To effect this they had need both of men and money but especially of a stranger to bee their leader such a one as the duke of Alba whome they held to be fitter than any other The king whither through importunitie or willingly being full of other affaires yeelded and it happened that Chiapin Vitelli after his returne from England comming into Spaine to craue leaue of the king for that he was called into Italie by some princes vnto whome
defendants to run thither where they did fight with such obstinacie both parties being in battaile betwixt the ruines not as at the entrance of a breach but as in an open champaine animated by two seuerall passions the one hauing hope to vanquish Hope despaire breed like effects at this siege and the other no hope of mercie in their enemies In the end the Carthaginians were forced to retyre and soone after the Romane embassadours arriued in the rode of Saguntum but Hannibal would not heare them but let them vnderstand That a man busied with so many affaires as he was could not spend his time in words and that he saw no great safetie for them if they landed among so many souldiours of diuers barbarous nations Whereupon they passed into Africke and hauing deliuered their charge vnto the Senat of Carthage and demaunded in vaine That Hannibal the author of the warre should be deliuered vnto them after many protestations they returned with bare words For after much contention among the factions in the Councell of Carthage whereas Hannibal had manie kinsmen and friends answere was made vnto the embassadours That the warre had beene begun by the Saguntines and that the Senat and people of Rome should not embrace their quarrell against the Carthaginians with whom they had liued in peace and amitie for so many yeares Whilest the Romans were thus busied to resolue and to send embassadours The simplicitie of the Romans Hannibal pursues his siege and presseth Sagunt by all means possible He builds new engines animates his souldiors and promiseth them the spoile of a rich towne the Saguntines rampar vp their breaches and labour day and night the batterie begins afresh and they haue many assaults giuen and with greater furie than before In the end being tyred with the multitude of assaylants who had fresh supplies continually they could not keepe the Carthaginians from entring by their breaches their walls being newly repaired with earth after their accustomed manner and therefore easie to pierce so as they seized vpon an high place within the precinct of the towne whereas they planted many of their great crosse-bowes and artillerie after their manner and casting a wall about it they made as it were a citadell against the which the Saguntines did presently make a trench diuiding it from the rest of the towne which was not yet taken And as it happened diuers times that the one getting the other must needs retyre the towne was reduced to a small compasse and withall they had great want of victuals and of all other necessaries by reason of the long siege Hannibal was then forced to march into Oretania and Carpetania where there was some likelyhood of a tumult for that those which he had sent to enroll souldiors were retained by them of the countrey by reason of the great rigour which they vsed As his absence from the campe gaue some rest vnto the Saguntines so his comming among those people caused peace and reduced them to obedience In the meane time Maharbal sonne to Himilco who had the charge to continue the siege vsed such diligence as there was no shew of Hannibals absence To conclude hee wrought so well as at his returne he shewed him large breaches sufficient to giue a generall assault which were made on the side of the castle the which the Carthaginians did win The miserable Saguntines being thus prest and out of all hope of succours Friends a farre off are slow to succour which could not come vnto them but from Rome which was farre from them Alco one of their citizens cast himselfe from the rampar and went to Hannibal without the priuitie of the Senat that he might moue him to some reasonable conditions but Hannibal offered them their liues onely and that they should depart the town with one robe only and to go and dwell where they should be appointed whereupon Alco durst no more returne vnto Sagunt beseeching him to giue him leaue to remaine within the campe then there was a Spanish souldior named Alorco who offered himselfe to carrie these conditions vnto the Saguntines and to persuade them to accept thereof But he preuailed as little as the other for being heard in their Senat they were so farre from yeelding in that manner as by a common consent they resolued to bring all their gold siluer and other goods into the market place where they set it on fire and consumed it and there were some so desperat as they cast themselues into the fire to be consumed with their goods In the meane time there was a great noise heard from a tower which fell suddainely hauing beene long battered the which gaue free entrie vnto the enemies a band of souldiors then being entred by that breach they made a signe vnto the campe whereupon Hannibal being vigilant to embrace all occasions Sagunt taken by assault marched thither with the whole bodie of the armie and tooke the towne hauing giuen charge to his souldiors to kill all that had past the age of foureteene yeares a cruell sentence but he held it necessarie seeing hee had to deale with such obstinat enemies who being in fight neuer yeelded but by death and being shut vp within their towne with their wiues and children would rather burne themselues in their houses than yeeld And although that many things were spoyled and consumed by the fire yet the bootie was great Thus Sagunt fell into Hannibals hands eight moneths after the beginning of the siege And during this siege his wife Himilce was deliuered of a sonne called Aspar which doubled his joy Then did the Romanes resolue to proclaime warre against Carthage The Romans resolue to warre against the Carthaginians mooued partly with the vnworthie calamitie of their friends and allies and partly with the feare of their owne estate the which happened 536 yeares after the foundation of Rome Pub. Cornelius Scipio and Titus Sempronius Longus being created Consuls Honnibal was so farre from any remorse to haue drawne these two Commonweales into armes as contrariwise when hee had brought backe his armie to new Carthage and diuided the spoyle among his souldiors Good fortune transports Hannibal to ouer-great enterprises he began to make preparations to march into Italie from whence he meant to chase the Romans and to driue them if it were possible out of the world Hauing therefore disposed of the affaires of that Prouince and well fortified and manned the townes he left the gouernment generall thereof to Asdrubal his brother and taking his way by the Mediterranean shore to Empurias he entred into Gaule and came vnto the Alpes without any opposition of the Gaules He marcheth towards Italy although they were much prest thereunto by the Romans leading an armie which consisted of Numidians Africanes Spaniards some Gaules and other nations the which he entertained and supplied often with the same nations as well with the reuenues of the mynes of Spaine as that which
forces vnited together they should easily vanquish the other Romane armie which remained and by that meanes end the warre in Spaine Being arriued the joy was great among the captaines and armies rejoycing at this late obtained victorie whereas so great and redoubted a captaine of the enemies had beene slaine and all his armie defeated wherefore being full of hope they assured themselues to doe as much vnto the others There was yet no newes of this lamentable defeat in Cneus Scipioes armie Heauinesse in Scipioes armie without any apparant cause but there was seene a sad mournefull silence as if they had had some secret presage as it happens often to such as doe diuine of an approaching mischiefe The Generall of the armie besides that he found himselfe weakened and abandoned by his allies hearing that Asdrubals armie was so much renforced was much perplexed and could not by any conjecture and reason of warre imagine other than what had happened For what reason were it to thinke that Asdrubal and Mago could passe without fighting if his brother had beene liuing Why did he not hinder them or at the least coast them and follow them to come and joyne with his brother if he could not keep the enemies armies from joyning Being in this perplexitie seeing no other meanes to assure himselfe but by a retreat hee parted secretly in the night vnknowne to the enemie causing his armie to make a long march But the day hauing discouered his departure the Numidian horsemen were presently sent after who ouertooke the Romane armie toward the euening and skirmishing stayed them much charging them sometimes behind and sometimes vpon the flankes Scipio gaue order that in fighting the armie should still aduance fearing the enemies battailons of foot which marched with all speed after their horse In the end night approached and yet the Romanes had not much aduanced being forced to make often stands against the Moores who did continually annoy them Wherefore Cneus Scipio retired with all his troupes to a little hill a place of small aduantage for them that were alreadie wauering yet the seat was somewhat higher than the fields about it There he lodgeth and puts his horsemen and all his baggage in the middest and his footmen make a circle round about and so did easily resist the attempts of the Moores But when as the Generals with their complete armies were joyned together hee saw there was no meanes to make it good by fighting if he did not intrench himselfe after the accustomed manner Wherefore he began to aduise by what meanes he might make his palisadoes but he was come into a bare barren and drie soyle where there was neither trees nor bushes nor any ground fit to make flagges neither could they digge into it nor make it hard for the enemie to approach for the ascent was easie on all sides yet to make a kind of rampar hee caused them to take their packe-saddles and dorsers and to tye them together wherewith the souldiours made as it were a wall of a conuenient height round about them filling vp the places which wanted with such baggage as they had The Carthaginians being arriued put themselues in order to assaile this little hill but discouering a new kind of rampar and not accustomed they were somewhat amazed but their commaunders began to crie How now souldiours why stay you why doe you not speedily pull vp and scatter this baggage which doth amaze you and is not fit to stop women nor children The enemie is ours wee hold him fast being hidden behind those cofers and burthens Thus contemptuously did the captaines speake yet was it not so easie to make a breach The Roman armie forced and defeated nor to passe ouer them but in the end they forced them and the souldiors found passage in diuers places so as they made a great slaughter of the Romans yet the greatest part of the vanquished saued themselues by flight who finding woods and forests a good number of them after a long and tedious journey came vnto P. Scipioes campe commaunded by T. Fonteius Cn. Scipio slaine the lieutenant Cn. Scipio was also slaine in this assault at the hill as some say in the beginning of the fight others notwithstanding affirme That he thought to saue himselfe with some few men in a tower which was there adjoyning the which being enuironed by the enemie and the gates set on fire they were all taken and slaine Behold two great captaines brethren dead and their armies defeated in lesse than a moneth leauing the Romans affaires in Spaine so troubled and in such despaire as they might well say all was lost But humane things are gouerned by a higher power who doth not alwaies impart his decrees to our discourses 9 There was a Roman knight called L. Martius Anno 541 of Rome sonne to Septimius a yong man actiue hardie and of greater courage than could be expected in a man of his condition who assured the remainders of the legions and the faithfull allies of the Roman state and reuiued Spaine from their sorrow and mourning The courage of L. Martius reâ—iâ—es the Romans from despaire for the losse of two such great personages and of so many good men and from the calamitie and daunger they were then in and in the end recouered the honour and fame of the Romanes which was growne contemptible Hee had with his generous disposition learned good discipline vnder Cn. Scipio And hauing gathered many of them together which had fled from the defeat and drawne a good number of souldiours out of the garrisons and vnited townes he made a little armie and came and joyned with T. Fonteius P. Scipioes lieutenant This armie being on this side Ebro in a campe well fortified it was resolued to chuse a head that should commaund ouer all and that they should take their voyces therein as the bands should enter into gard one after another L. Martius being but a knight was so gracious as all in generall gaue him their voyces and he was chosen Captaine Generall of the Roman armie L. Martius chosen Generall of the Roman army After which time hee was verie carefull to fortifie himselfe in places of strength and to prouide store of victuals and munition finding the souldiours readie to execute whatsoeuer hee commaunded But it was not long before there came newes vnto the campe That Asdrubal the sonne of Gisgo marched towards them to make an end of the warre and to free the countrey of those few Romanes which were yet remaining in Spaine Then the souldiours remembring their old captaines began to faint at their new captaines commands so as the centeniers and other officers and bands yea and L. Martius himselfe had much adoe to reuiue them reproaching them that they behaued themselues faintly like women making fruitlesse lamentations which was not the meanes to reuenge the deathes of their Generals nor to recouer their lost honour The enemies were not far off
without any noise being assured they had dispatched him they retired to the Consul Cepio Viriatus treacherously murthered to the dishonour of the Romans and of the Consul Cepio Traitors deceiued by him that suborned them who gaue them leaue to enjoy the possessions which they then held but as for gifts and recompences which he had promised he sent them to the Senat. At the breake of day Viriatus seruants and the whole armie wondering that he slept so long contrarie to his custome some going in found him wallowing in his owne bloud which filled the whole campe with griefe teares who besides their heauinesse for the vnworthy death of so valiant a man they were in care of their own preseruations and for the dangers which did inuiron them Besides they were the more discontented that the traitors were escaped Wherefore taking his bodie and wrapping it in a rich cloth they laid it vpon a high pile and hauing sacrificed many beasts they did celebrate his funerals after their manner the souldiors both horse and foot running about the fire and filling the aire with the name of Viriatus vntill the fire had consumed all after which in memorie of his name they had sword plaiers which did fight for their liues Thus Viriatus ended his dayes being desired and lamented of all his souldiors Viriatus lamented of his souldiours for his valour and bountiâ— for that in war he was the first in danger but when it came to diuide the spoyles he was but equall it may be inferiour to all the rest and he had that happinesse aboue most captaines that hauing an armie of diuers nations he led them to the wars for the space of eight yeares without any mutinie or sedition among his souldiors who in Viriatus place chose Tantalus for their captaine verie contrarie to him in manners and vertue This fact did purchase no lesse infamie to Cepio than to the traitours which did execute it Tantalus was so prest by him as he left both armes and armie vpon composition to whom there were certaine lands appointed so as for a time the Lusitanians contained themselues in peace THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 WArre ill managed by Q. Pompeius against the Numantines 2 The exploits of M. Pompilius Lenas his successour 3 The deeds of D. Brutus in Lusitania and Galatia 4 The miseries of Mancinus and his companion M. Aemilius Lepidus in the Numantine warre 5 The gouernment of P. Furius Philus by whom Mancinus was deliuered vnto the Numantines 6 The Numantine warre ended by P. Scipio Emilianus 7 The expedition of Q. Caecilius Metellus and his victories in the islands of the Baleares 8 The gouernment of C. Marius and other Pretors in Spaine vnto L. Corn. Dolabella 9 The acts of the Consull T. Didius 10 Fuluius Flaccus 11 Retrait of M. Crassus flying the Romane sedition in Spaine 12 Sertorius warre in Spaine begun by Q. Caecilius Metellus and ended by Pompey 13 Death of Cn. Piso in Spaine 14 Gouernments of Calid Tubero and C. Iul. Caesar. 15 Pompey perpetuall Proconsul in Spaine 16 Caesar disarmes Afranius and Petreius in Spaine 17 Caesar constraines M. Varro to yeeld vnto him 18 Warre betwixt Caesar and Pompeyes children 19 Lepidus triumphes for Spaine hauing done no exploit of warre there 20 The deeds of Augustus in Spaine and the absolute conquest thereof 21 Spaine vnder Tiberius 22 Christian religion preached in Spaine 23 Saint Iames sonne to Zebedee 24 Seneca and other learned Spaniards put to death by Nero. 25 Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian and the persecutions of the Church of God vnder them 26 Cocceius Nerua Traian and his edict to ruine the forts of Spaine 27 The peopling of Spaine by Iewes vnder Adrian 28 Spaine vnder the Antonines 29 The Empire of Seuerus Caracalla and others vnto Claudius 30 The enterprises of Tetricus vpon Spaine and the Gaules 31 Spaine vnder Aurelian Tacitus and others vnto Dioclesian 32 Cruelties of Dioclesian against the Church of God and of his companions in the Empire and their ends 33 Constantine the Great his children with Iulian and Iouinian Emperors 34 Valentinian and Valence vnder whom the Gothes inuaded the Roman Empire in the East 35 Theodosius Arcadius and Honorius his children vnder whom the Gothes assailed Italie and the prouinces of the Westerne Empire 1 QVintus Pompeius Aulus Consull in the yeare 612 comming very late in his Prouince and hauing receiued an armie but in bad equipage from the hands of Q. Metellus he went to beseech the Numantines for of all the townes against whom Metellus had made warre only Numantia and Thermancia continued in armes Thermancia was strong by nature situated among the woods and betwixt two riuers and therefore of hard accesse Numantia attempted in vain by Qu. Pompeius wherefore hee went first to Numantia in the which there were eight thousand of the best and most resolute souldiours that were in all Spaine as the Romanes found by experience The Romane armie was in all about thirtie thousand foot and two thousand horse Being at this siege the Romane forragers were charged by a suddaine sally of the besieged so as many of them were slaine vpon the place Pompey was then absent who being aduertised of this rout hasted to the campe but the Numantines notwithstanding his diligence retired without losse and continued daily to skirmish with the souldiours and to haue the aduantage wherewith Pompey being discontented he left it and would attempt Thermancia to see if he could repaire his honour and get some profit but he lost seuen hundred of his best men at the first encounter and they chased a Colonel which conducted victuals to the campe Soone after hee had a third rout with the losse of many horse and foot and with such an amazement of all the rest of the armie as they stood all night in armes and day being come the Thermantines running vnto their trenches and prouoking the enemie they fought with equall aduantage all day long vntill night Whereupon Pompey did also dislodge from thence Qu. Pompeius retyres from Thermancia and marched towards Malia a little towne held by a garrison of the Numantines the which was yeelded by the treason of the inhabitants hauing slaine the souldiors which were set there to gard it where hauing left some companies after that he had disarmed the inhabitants he marched towards Sedetane to defend it from the spoyles of Tangin captaine of the theeues whom he defeated and tooke prisoner with a great number of his souldiors but he could neither draw ranson nor seruice from them for these Barbarian captiues entred into such a rage The Barbariaâ— impatient of seruitude kil themselues as in a manner they all slew themselues or murthered their masters which had bought them being vnable to endure seruitude yea some were so malicious as passing the riuers they made holes in boats so as they sunke with their burthens After all this Pompey
to be rebaptized after the Arrian manner which was In the name of the Father to the Sonne by the holy Ghost and not In the name of the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost meaning thereby to make three essences of that which is but one distinct in three qualities Herein he was assisted by Vincent bishop of Sarragosse an Apostat against whom Seuerus a Christian bishop of Malaca did write As Leouigilde busied himselfe about these matters Conspiracle of the mother in law and the son against the father some good and profitable others prophane and wicked his peace was troubled by the rebellion of his owne sonne who either through desire to raigne alone or otherwise and by the persuasion of Gosuinthe his mother in law he seized vpon Seuille and many other places and leuied men to fortifie himselfe against his father who hauing put a great armie to field marched to Seuille to suppresse the rashnesse of his ill aduised sonne besieged the towne on all sides and began to batter it with all sorts of engines Miro king of Gallicia came to this siege with good troups as a friend and allie to aid him The auntient towne of Italica was not farre from Seuille for we read that Leouigilde made his store-house for the warre there during the siege hauing caused the walls which were ruined to be repaired the which did much annoy them of Seuille from the which he turned the riuer of Betis and prest the besieged by continuall batteries assaults cutting off their victuals and all other acts of hostilitie so as in the end he tooke it and soone after the towne of Cordoua also in the which his sonne had fortified himselfe with all the other places which he had vsurped Being thus spoiled of all and depriued of his dignitie Hermengilde was confined to Valence This ciuile warre did afflict Spaine more than all the former as the Spaniards write 25 During the siege of Seuille The end of the kingdome of the Sueues in Gallicia Miro king of Gallicia died to whom Eburic his sonne succeeded but Andeca seized vpon the realme of the Sueues maried Siseguta left by king Miro tooke Eburic and shut him vp in a cloister of Monkes To reuenge this injurie and also to make his profit thereof Leouigilde entred into Gallicia with an armie tooke Andeca caused him to be polled and sent him to Badaios to liue for euer in a cloister He reduced Gallicia to a prouince and joyned it to the Gothes kingdome the which had continued an hundred seuentie and seuen yeares Hermengilde being found at Tarracone was there slaine by Sisbert yet the Spaniards varie in this point Hermengilde a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian some saying That he was shut vp in a tower at Seuille where he lost his head holding him for a Saint and that he was slaine on Easter day by the commaundement of his father who was an Arrian for that he had imbraced the Christian religion for the which he had rebelled and had caused great troubles in Spaine the which Saint Gregorie and Beda doth witnesse and it is likely that this prince was drawne vnto the true doctrine by Leandre bishop of Seuille and by his wife Iugunde a French woman whom they say he put in the beginning of the ciuile warres into the hands of those that gouerned the lands of the empire in Spaine vnder Maurice the emperour being newly brought in bed of a sonne fearing the threats and furie of his father and that after her husbands death the Romanes caused her to passe into Africke with her little infant where she died but the child was carried to Constantinople Childebert king of France War betwixt the the French and the Gothes for the death of Hermengilde to reuenge the wrong done vnto his brother in law tooke armes against the Gothes and hoping to recouer his sister and his nephew hee made a league with the emperour Maurice Against the French which did forrage Languedoc was sent Ricaire the other sonne of Leouigilde who repulst them with great losse of their men entring into their territories where he tooke a great spoile They speake of many myracles during the raigne of this king which God did in fauour and confirmation of the Christian religion Myracles against the Arrians and their sect the which hee had decreed should haue an end with this king Leouigilde The ciuile warre being as we haue said hot in Spaine the armie of Leouigilde pursuing his sonne and passing by the territories of Valencia and Murcia the Monkes of the Abbey of Saint Martin in those marches being terrified abandoned their Abbot and fled all into an island of the sea neere adjoyning The souldiours being entred into the Abbey and finding the Abbot all alone being a verie deuout and religious man and crooked with age they did him many outrages one of them hauing drawne out his sword to cut off his head he fell downe starke dead the which did so terrifie the rest as they presently fled This being reported vnto king Leouigilde he commanded that all the goods which had beene taken in that monasterie should be restored An Arrian bishop meaning to deceiue the king who reproached him that the Arrians did no myracles suborned one of his sect who could counterfeit himselfe blind causing him to stand in the way whereas he knew the king should passe there this gallant began to crie out and to entreat this bishop which did accompanie the king that he would make him recouer his sightby his prayers The bishop approached and laying his hands arrogantly vpon his eyes the king being present and attending to see this myracle it happened that hee which did counterfeit himselfe blind Acounterfeit begger diuinely punished lost his sight in good earnest and withall was so full of paine in that part as detesting the bishop and his cousinage hee confest openly before the king and his traine That the bishop had induced him to act this tragedie and had corrupted him with money Many other signes are written to haue beene seene in those times the which we will not call into question for that the end and vse of myracles is to witnesse and to giue credit to the word of God and his true doctrine which was then disgraced by the Arrian princes Spaine was furnished with many learned and holy men whilest that the Arrians did raigne in Africke and did persecute the Christians They make mention of one Donat an Abbot who passed out of Africke into Spaine with about 70 Monkes and a goodly librarie where he was the founder of the monasterie Seruitane and that they were entertained by a rich ladie called Minicea who then built the first monasterie at Setabis which is Xatiua This Donat did first set downe certaine rules and orders for a monasticall life among them for vntill that time they were not tyed by any vowes neither had they liued in cloisters but were dispersed in
siege before the citie from whence notwithstanding they were forced to retyre by the vertue and good gouernment of those that were within it as well souldiors as citizens Soone after this king died the which according vnto some was about the yeare nine hundred thirtie nine and of the Arabians raigne three hundred twentie two hauing raigned fiftie yeares in Spaine Hee was a louer of learning so as in his time Philosophie Phisicke and all other Arts did flourish at Cordoua 11 Hali Hatan his sonne succeeded him Hali Hatan 9 Soueraigne King of the Moores in Spaine to whom king D. Sancho sent a great embassage to treat a peace betwixt the two kingdomes whereof D. Velasco Bishop of Leon was the chiefe who had charge to demaund the bodie of the infant Pelagins slaine by king Abderramen to make a relicke thereof During this time Leon. there arose a great tumult and sedition in Gallicia vpon certaine priuate mens quarrells Sedition in Galicia who slew one another cruelly without any respect vnto the king nor justice Wherefore the king D. Sancho was forced to lead an armie thither with the which he did punish some of the mutines and did force some of the rest to leaue the countrey They passed the riuer of Duero and yet retyred into a countrey which did belong vnto the jurisdiction of Leon in that quarter the which was gouerned by an Earle or Gouernor called D. Gonsales vnder the king D. Sancho This bad vassale in stead of supporting the kings justice against these mutines tooke armes in their fauour and was so rash as to oppose himselfe against the kings forces which pursued them into his gouernment but remembring his owne follie in time he had recourse to the the kings clemencie who pardoned him making his onely to confesse his fault and to take a new oath of fealtie Notable disloyaltie yet this trecherous and ingratefull wretch smothering in his breast the venome of treason within few dayes after poysoned his king and naturall Prince with an apple which he gaue him The king who distrusted nothing did presently bite of it but his heart being suddainely infected with the poyson he began to shake and to shew other signes that he was strucken with death wherefore he made hast to returne to Leon but he died vpon the way in the twelfth yeare of his raigne and of our redemption 941 and lyes at S. Sauiours in Leon. He had by wife D. Theresa one sonne called D. Ramir who succeeded him in the realme of Leon. They find it written That a little before his death there were great flames of fire seene rise out of the Ocean Prodigie the which being carried vp into Spaine burnt a great countrey and manie villages as farre as Zamora In the meane time the Earle of Vrgel gouerned in Barcelone and Cattelogne Barcelone as tutor to his nephewes sonnes vnto the Earle D. Mir the last deceased being vnder age whereof the eldest to whom the Earledome belonged was called D. Sâ—niofrid as his tutor was Of this Earle of Vrgel issued two sonnes D. Borel who was the sixt Earle of Barcelone and D. Armingaud Bishop of Vrgel who was reputed a Saint The State of Barcelone and Cattelogne was gouerned by him in qualitie of tutor for the space of twentie yeares The religion of Spaine in those times was wholly reduced to the seeking out of Martyrs bones Religion in Spaine in those times and other relickes The building of Monasteries gifts and foundations were held most meritorious as well for the liuing as for the dead The inuocation of Saints deceased whose victories peace and other prosperities well knowne to the world were then in credit Most of the Bishops and Pastors were either verie prophane or exceeding superstitious and ignorant In the raigne of D. Ramir Ordogno the third The Bishops of Spaine in those dayes and Sancho the fat there had beene Bishops of Compostella after Sisenand the fourth Gundesin who was much vnlike vnto his predecessor in holinesse of life whose health was obtained by the prayers which his mother a verie deuout woman made continually as the Spaniards say before S. â—aques Sepulchre which the Angelicall voices heard at the Bishops decease did witnesse after whom Hermigild was chosen a very prophane man then came Sisenand as bad as the other You may conjecture that the other Bishoprickes were no better furnished then that of Compostella These kings made foundations and gaue infinite priuiledges to Abbots and other Clergie men for the redemption of their soules and of their predecessors as their letters aboue mentioned containe D. Garcia Sanches Nauarre did also confirme the vow of S. Emylian in his countrey by letters dated in the yeare nine hundred thirtie foure The Bishops did the like for their parts Galinde Bishop of Pampelone for the great deuotion which he had vnto the Couent of S. Sauiour of Leyra where sometimes had beene the Episcopall seat of Pampelone gaue vnto the Abbot and religious of that place all the titles of the Archpresbiterie of the valley of Onsella by an Instrument dated nine hundred thirtie eight The King D. Garcia and D. Theresa his wife gaue Villar de la Tour neere vnto Nagera with all the territorie and jurisdiction to the same Monasterie in the yeare nine hundred fortie three Moreouer by other letters dated in the yeare nine hundred fortie foure D. Garcia and the Queene his wife and D. Galinde the Bishop who is there called by the King his lord and master confirme the donation of part of the titles belonging to the Bishop of the places aboue mentioned And besides there is another donation made of all that the king of Nauarre should conquer from the Moores Infidels and Barbarians D. Ramir the third of that name and twentieth King of Leon. 12 IN the yeare nine hundred fortie one Leon. D. Ramir was setled king at Leon at whose comming the Norman pyrats did much annoy the coast of Gallicia This king being verie young he was gouerned by the Queene D. Theresa his mother and by D. Eluâ—ra sister to the deceased king his father being a religious woman The peace which had beene treated with Hali Hatan was confirmed by the mediation of the Bishop D. Velasco who was at Cordoua at the death of D. Sancho and had brought with him the bodie of the infant Pelagius Monasterie of S. Pelagius the which was layed in a Monasterie built to that end by the deceased king The Normanes which came into Gallicia being led by a captaine called Gundired spoyled all along the sea shore and entring into the maine land they burnt townes villages and castles spoyling and putting all to the sword they encountred holding as it were the possession of Gallicia for the space of two whole yeares the which the king D. Ramir had no meanes to resist by reason of his nonage yet in the end he was persuaded to send some troupes of souldiors
neuer seene any cause to suspect his wife of any dishonestie neither would he lightly belieue that which his sonne had said but examining this businesse carefully he sought by all means to discouer the truth yet he caused the Queene to be put in prison in the castle of Nagera then taking D. Fernand his second sonne apart he examined him vpon this fact who answered the king doubtfully the which increased his suspition more than before wherefore the king called an assemblie of noblemen and of his Councell to whom he propounded this pitifull case demanding their aduice They answered that the Queene must purge her selfe by contrary proofes according vnto the Lawes or according to the custome which was then in vse shee should finde a knight to defend her cause by armes else she must suffer the punishment due to such an offence which was to be burnt The poore Ladie attending this sentence made her continuall prayers vnto God to make her innocencie knowne who heard her prayers for after some daies no man daring to present himselfe to defend this princesse honor The vertue of D. Ramir the bastard condemning the lawfull children of Nauarre D. Ramir the kings bastard son offred himselfe to enter combate for the Queene against any that would maintaine the accusation which was layed against her As they prepared themselues to the combat there was a religious man of good fame and much respected in Nauarre who doubting of this fraude or otherwise aduertised by the prouidence of God came vnto D. Garcia and D. Fernand the kings sons whom he persuaded with such liuelie reasons as they were toucht in conscience and began to apprehend the foulenesse of their offence to haue sought her death who was the cause of their being against all truth and for a matter of so small moment wherefore casting themselues at this holy mans feet they confest their fault demanding pardon of God and intreating him to finde some meanes that this pursute might cease Queene of Nauares innocenciâ— iustified the Queenes innocencie knowne and that they might be restored to the kings fauour The religious man hauing comforted them went vnto the king to whom he declared what he had done and what he vnderstood from his sonnes intreating him to pardon their offence whom youth and choler had thus transported The king being joyfull of the innocencie of his wife deliuered her out of prison and meaning that the fauour which they pretended to recouer should depend wholly of their mother Affection of a mother he sent them vnto her but she shewing her selfe a true mother did forget the cause she had to dislike her ill aduised sonnes and pardoning them with a motherlie affection shee restored them to the kings fauour In this action D. Ramir shewed himselfe both vertuous and valiant wherein hee purchased the more honour by this circumstance That hee being sonne of an other woman would defend the reputation of his mother in law against her owne children in recompence whereof the king D. Sancho assigning portions for his children in his life time gaue after his death the Earledome of Arragon to D. Ramir with the title of king By this diuision of portions made by the king D. Sancho and D. Nugna D. Fernand was also graced with a royall title in the succession of Castille which fell vnto her by the violent death of her brother D. Garcia as we will shew Nauarre remayning to D. Garcia the elder brother and the ancient realme of Sobrarbre to D. Gonsalo meaning to honour all his children with the names and titles of Kings which was the cause of great diuisions among these brethren which haply had ceased if one of them had beene made soueraigne King ouer the rest the which had maintained the Christians estate in Spaine better vnited and of more force to repulse the Moores The time of this action of adulterie is vncertaine The king D. Sancho was a very deuout and religious Prince Religious deeds of D. Sancho the great after the manner of those times for besides the confirmation of gifts which he and his wife gaue to S. Emylian of the towne of Ventose annexed to this place by D. Garcia his father and others he made a vow to giue vnto the Coueat of S. Saluator of Leyre the tenth of bread and wine and the herbage of such places as he should take from the Moores and with this hope in the yeare 1015 he raised an armie to inuade the Infidels by the frontier of Funes at which place of Funes he gaue to the same Monasterie a field of Vines which he had of the inhabitants for that he had slaine tenne Moores in the time of peace for the which they ought a thousand solz for a fine which were so many crownes or thereabouts More in Falses he gaue a possession house vine and other appurtenances and in Nagera the houses vines and fields of king Antrayo but what he was we haue no certaine knowledge These things he gaue to the Church of S. Saluator of Leyre It is not knowne what was the successe of D. Sanchoes warre against the Moores but that by conjecture it was good for that in that time there is a confirmation made by him of nobilitie and exemptions graunted by his predecessors to the inhabitants of Roncal The zeale of this religious Prince was such Councels in Nauarre as he called a Councell at S. Saluator de Leyre in the yeare 1022 but the chiefe decree was a confirmation of priuiledges graunted to this Monasterie by his grandfather D. Sancho and D. Vrraca his grandmother and D. Garcia and D. Ximena his father and mother which confirmation was signed by the king and all his children The yeare after 1023 An. 1023. there was another Councell held in Pampelone where the Bishoprick was transferred to S. Saluator of Leyre where it continued some time There enquirie was made of the auncient limits of the jurisdiction of the Bishopricke of Pampelone This was the subject of Councels in those dayes Then was D. Sancho the elder who had beene schoolemaster to the king Bishop of Pampelone and Abbot of S. Saluator but he could not see this alteration for that he died this yeare but his successor carrying the same name surnamed the younger saw it in the yeare 1026 being the seuenth Bishop of that Church being vncertaine to what Archbishop it was then subject In our time it is to that of Sarragosse This yeare 1026 was borne that great captaine Castille a Castillan called Roderigo Dias of Biuar who was afterwards called Cid Ruy Dias the Camper of whom mention shall be made In the yeare 1028 they hold and it is verified by titles and auncient records That D. Sancho Garcia Earle of Castille died An. 1028. hauing ruled nine and thirtie yeares and was buried in the Monasterie of S. Saluator of Ogna founded by him He was an vnfortunate Prince in his house by reason of the
to inuade an other yet the Moore beeing liberall and courteous gaue him rich presents and sent him backe refuzing to ingage himselfe in that action D. Garcia hauing gathered some men together but no sufficient to effect any matter of importance doubtfull what course to take hee fell to spoile his owne country and making his retreat into Portugal where hee had recouered some places hee did mightily anoy D. Sanchos garrisons but it continued not long for D. Sancho hauing raised an army came against D. Garcia fought with him defeated him and tooke him prisoner neere vnto Saint Iren and sent him to the castle of Lune with a good gard from whence hee departed not vntill his death the which happened in the time of D. Alphonso his Nephew about the yeere of our Lord 1081. who commanded hee should bee buried with irons on his feete at Leon in the Church of Saint Isidore by this meanes the King D. Sancho remained Lord and Maister of all Galicia and other lands of that partage By this it appeeres there is difference in the time and in the meanes of their dispossessing All this did not satisfie D. Sanchos ambition for hee would in like manner strippe his sisters D. Vrraca and D. Eluira of the lands and places which they held by their fathers will and laied siege to the towne of Zamore The inhabitants much affectedto their Princesse doing their indeauors for the defending of her rights had with her consent chosen for their captaine a knight called D. Arias Gonçales who had nourished her vnder whose conduct they made many gallant sallies vpon the besiegers with losse of either side Whilest that D. Sancho was busie at this vaine attempt a desperat knight of Castille called Vellides Ataulphe or Delphos went out of the city with a resolution to kill the King and found such an opportunity as hee strooke him dead with a boarspeare without any let and then retired himselfe to the place from whence hee came D. Sanchos ambition stayed by the iudgment of God notwithstanding that hee was pursued by Cid Ruis Diaz and others Thus the valour and conquests of D. Sancho Fernandes King of Castille which could not bee restrained by two great Kings were made vaine when as hee would attempt against a woman an argument of the vanity of humaine enterprises and that there is a greater power which controules them An. 1073. This death happened in the yeere of our Lord 1073. hauing raigned in Castille about sixe yeeres and nino monthes by reason whereof the army disbanded euery one returning to his home except the Castillans who would needes continue the siege before Zamora for a time The Kings body was carried to the Monastery of Saint Saluador of Ogna The inscription which is in that Monastery shewes that hee died fiue yeeres later but there is an error for that Garibay affirmes that hee had seene ancient writings witnessing that D. Alphonso his brother raigned then in Castille If the Castillan brethren were at discord Nauarre The Brothers of Nauarre at discord they of Nauarre had as little charity amongst them for betwixt D. Sancho Garcia and D. Raymond there was enuy and secreat hatred the which burst out in time for D. Raymond holding some strong places and some in his brothers gouernment and hauing by his bounty drawne many vnto him who were discontented with the present Estate of the realme he rebelled meaning to defend these places hee held but the King D. Sancho and the Nobility of Nauarre did easily expell him But there fell out a new trouble for the Nauarrois to demaund reason of the Kings of Castille who detained from him the territory of Bureua Castille the old and other places D. Raymond beeing thus expelled had no recourse to any Christian Princes his neighbours D. Sancho King of Nauar slaine who as hee doubted would detest his attempts but hee fled vnto the Moores the enemies of our faith and making warre with them against his brother there was a battaile giuen neere to Rueda or Penalen in the which D. Sancho was slaine this was about the yeere of our Lord 1076. An. 1076. hauing raigned two and twenty yeeres he had by his wife D. Plaisance amongst other children D. Ramir Sanches and two D. Garcias D. Ramir being very young vpon the newes of his fathers death put himselfe vnder the protection of D. Sancho Ramires King of Arragon whom also the Noblemen and Knights of Nauarre called to raigne ouer them by reason of the minority of their King to oppose him against the enterprises of the bad D. Raymond who pursued his deseigne to make himselfe King of Nauarre and had already seized vpon Pampelone and vsurped the title of King there but hee was vertuously repulst so as beeing deceiued of his ambitious hopes not knowing what to resolue hee retired to the King of Sarrogosse a Moore where hee past his banished life and by the bounty of this Pagan enioyed certaine Lands and places D. Raymond of Nauarre retiers to the Moores which descended afterwards to a Neece of his called Marquise wife to Aznar Lopes a Knight who made a donation of Saint Maria Maior to the Collegiall Church of Sarragosse in the time of D. Alphonso King of Nauarre called the Warrior the two Garcias bretheren sonnes to the deceased King of Nauarre fled into Castille to the King D. Alphonso the mightiest Prince at that time in Spaine D. Sancho Ramires the second King of Arragon and chosen sixteenth King of Nauarre 7. D. Sancho Ramires had raigned some yeeres in Arragon when as hee was called to the crowne of Nauarre Arragon and Nâ—uarre vnited Hee had married a Lady daughter to the Earle of Vrgel called D. Felicia by whom he had three sonnes D. Pedro who succeeded in his Kingdomes D. Alphonso who raigned after his brother and D. Ramir a religious man in the Monastery of Saint Ponce of Tomeres neere to Besiers and afterwards King by the decease of his brother D. Alphonso Gâ—nealogie of Arragon and Nauarre who left no children He had also one bastard called D. Garcia who was bishop of Iacca In this Prince the two realms of Nauarre and Arragon were vnited 42. yeeres after the separation thereof he was war-like and politique and withall very zelous in the Romaine religion for hee changed the ceremonies of the Gothes which the Christians vsed and brought in those of the Romish church it may be by the councel held at Iacca vnder this King when as the Bishoprike of Arragon was first established there to inrich which seat besides the tithes there were certaine portions appointed out of the conquest which they should get from the Moores of Sarragosse and Tudele and in steed of the ciuill Lawes of the Gothes hee brought in the common law of the Empire into his iurisdiction There is a volume extant of particular lawes giuen by this King to them of Iacca which is inserted amongst the customes
Arragon in al the strong places of Castille that if he were forced to quitthese realms of Castille Leon Toledo their depedances he might keep those people in some awe and leaue it with his honor and aduantage the which did somewhat estrange the Noblemen of Castile The bad qualities of D. Vrraca Queene of Castile He knew also that his wife D. Vrraca was proud ingrate inconstant and not very continent and therefore with good aduice he armed himselfe for all euents This woman vpon a light occasion conceiued a great hatred against the Earle D. Pedro Ansures Lord of Vailledolit who had nourished her and had kept her Estates after the death of the king her father onely for that in his letters written to the king her husband her aduising them to come and take possession of her inheritance he had intitled her husband King of Castile Whereupon she sought to take Vailledolit and other lands from him but the King did presently restore them and to the end he should be the more secure against the rage of this woman hee sent him into Arragon with D. Elo his wife giuing him the gouernement of the young Earle of Vrgel his Cousin The first expedition which he made against the Moores Expedition against the Mahumeâ—â—sts was about the yeare 1110. vppon the frontiers of Nauarre and Arragon where he tooke from them the towne of Exea An. 1110. in which warre he was assisted by many voluntarie Noblemen and Gentlemen of France beeing disirous to winne honor by bearing armes against the Mahumetists Running along the riuer of Ebro he tooke Tihaust Borja Magallon and other places of those marches so as the happy successe of this enterprise gaue him courage to effect that which his predecessors Kings of Nauarre had long before deseigned which was to reduce the cittie of Sarragossa vnder his obedience the which as he made shew to beseege Moores defeated by D. Alphonso spoiling the countrie round about it King Abuçalen came with a great power and presented him battaile neate vnto Valtierra where the Moore was vanquished and slaine vpon the place By meanes of this victorie King D. Alphonso took Morella and resolued to beseege Sarragossa wherefore he put a strong garrison into the fort of Castella of old souldiers called at that time in Spaine Almogarabes who were continually entertained vpon the Moores frontiers Sarragossâ— beseeged This seege was long and dangerous for the Moores defended this cittie courragiously beeing great full of men and well fortified In the armie of king D. Alphonso there were many Noblemen of France which had vowed to carrie armes against the Infidels among the which were Gaston Lord of Berne Noblemen of France in the compe before Sarragossa the Earle of Cominges and Rotron Earle of Perche by whom the Towne of Tudele seated vpon Ebro betwixt Sarragossa and Calaorra was taken by surprize The Moores which were there in garrison did much annoy the campe for that they spoiled their victuallers and merchants and cut off their victuals whereupon D. Alphonso sent Cont Rotron with good troupes of foot and sixe hundred horse The Earle kept himselfe close in certaine valleys couered with woods neere vnto the towne and sent foorth some men into the open plaines to get some spoile and to driue away their cattell who being discouered by the Moores of the fort they sallyed foorth with all their forces to the end that not any one of these runners should escape Whilest they were in skirmish the Earle came out of his ambush and cut off their retreate to the towne the which he found ill garded so as he seazed thereon without any difficultie The king D. Alphonso to reward the Earle of Perche for this prize which was of so great importance Tudele taken by the Earle of Perche for that seege where hoe was gaue him this place of Tudele the which was afterwards annexed to the crowne of Nauarre The Moores amazed at this losse began to faint in many places so as Monâ—ajo and other neighbour townes were made subiect to D. Alphonso within few dayes The Sarragossans were much assisted by the Moores which commanded at Lerida and Fraga as well for the danger which did threaten them as for their conformity in Religion During this seege the king D. Alphonso beeing in the cittie of Barbastro there came vnto his Court Count Bertrand of Tholousa sonne to Count Raymond and D. Eluira bastard daughter to the deceased King D. Alphonso the 6. This young Prince had bin dispossessed of all his Estate by the Earle of Poâ—ctiers who beeing gratiously intertayned and honored by king D. Alphonso to the end he might bee ayded by him to recouer his Estate he made himselfe his vassall acknowledging him for his Soueraigne Lord of all the did or should possesse according to the Spanish Histories The King receiued him into his protection gaue him good hope it was about the yeare 1116. yet this did little auaile Cont Bertrand for the continuall warre which D. Alphonso had against the Moores would not suffer him to attend the affaires of Tholousa besides William Earle of Poictiers was the kings friend and came himselfe in person to the war against the Moores in Spaine and was at the seege of Sarragossa with the Earles of Perche Cominges and Bigorre the Lord of Beam the Vicount of Lauedan Bishop of Escar and many other Noblemen and Knights of France whereas also were all the Noblemen of Nauarre and Arragon both Ecclesiasticall and secular among the which those of greatest marke were Diego Lope Ladron Ximen Fortunes de Leet Simon Fortunes de mont Castel Pedro Momesio Lope Ximenes Torelia Lope Sancho of Ogabre Pedro Ximenes Iustice of Arragon Iean Galindio d'Antilia Lope Fortunes of Albero Pedro Myr Entenza Almudebar taken from the Moores Raymond Peres d'Erillo N. of Almorauid and with them many of Castile and other places of Spaine About the yeare 1118. Almudebar a strong place and well furnished was taken by the French the which strucke such a terror into the Mores thereabouts as they abandoned Sarrignena Salce Robres Zeura and Gurrea the which were seazed on by the Arragonois whilest that the French with the other forces did batter Sarragossa with all violence the which the Moores defended valiantly the king D. Alphonso beeing then gone into Castile The Spaniards write that the French seeing this seege to grow tedious and beeing out of hope to take the cittie they retired in a manner all home to their houses except the chiefe Commanders to whome D. Alphonso brought new supplies about Iuly this yeare 1118. The beseeged beginning to doubt that they should not be able to keepe the cittie long they employed all their money meanes and credit intreating the Moores that were neere and sarre off to succour them in their great necessitie Who sending a captaine vnto them called Temin with men and victuals he was incountred and defeated neere vnto
his sword presently and gaue this poore Pedro Diaz a deadly wound and then fled the gard and other soldiars making shew to follow him towards the towne where hee was receiued and knowne by his old Master Lope d' Arenas who nothing suspecting Dominguillo was trecherously slaine by him the murtherer hauing meanes to slip downe the wall and to recouer the campe Vpon the Gouernors death the souldiars and inhabitants resolued to yeeld the towne of Surita vnto the King Dominguillo who was prowd of this execution demanded his reward of the King but the King by a memorable example of Iustice whosoeuer aduised him vsed an admirable proportion in this action for hee first caused his eyes to bee put out for the murther which he had committed hauing not made him acquainted therewith and then hee gaue him that which was needfull for his entertainement but hearing after that hee did glory too much in his treason hee caused him to bee slaine After this enterprise of Surita the King dismissed his souldiers who returned to their houses Howsoeuer D. Alphonso Henriques King of Portugal ended his quarrels with D. Fernand of Leon Portugal yet in the yeere of our Lord 1169. hee had confirmation of his royall titles from Pope Alexander to whom he sent his Bulles taking the King D. Alphonso Henriques his successours Realme and subiects into the protection of the church of Rome paying two markes of gold for an acknowledgment or rent the which the Archbishop of Braga did receiue yeerely for the church of Rome yet no man can say that this rent was euer paied and if D. Fernand married his daughter D. Vrraca by whom he had one sonne called D. Alphonso who succeeded him in his realmes of Leon and Galicia yet this affinity did not suppresse the troubles and lamentable factions which followed King D. Fernand by the aduise of banished Portugais caused the city of Rodrique to be fortified the which some hold to bee ancient Mirobrisa and there placed a good garrison the which did wonderfully annoy the Portugals that lay neere it built Ledesma neere to Salamanca which did much in domage that city as you shal heare this King tooke pleasure in building Places built by D. Fernand when hee was not prest with warre and therefore they say that Granada which is neere to Coria Valencâ—a in the Bishoprike of Quiedo Villalpando Mansilla Majorga in the Bishoprike of Leon and Castro in Toraphe in the Bishoprike of Zamora are his workes Hee was diuorced from Vrraca by reason of consanguinity and tooke to his second wife D. Theresa daughter to Nugno de Lara after whose death he had a third wife called D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to D. Lope Diaz Lord of Biscay By this last wife D. Fernand had D. Sancho and D. Garcia lawful heires to the realme of Leon Genealogy of Leon. for that they were by the Popes sentence borne in lawful wed-locke not D. Alphonso yet they raigned not neither did they leaue any heires 4 The house of Biscay was then in great esteeme The house of Biscay out of the which was issued the third wife of the King D. Fernand the order and continuance of which family is thus set downe by the Spanish writers They name for the best knowne stem of this house D. suria who by his mothers side was Nephew to the King of Scotland begotten by a knight of Biscay called D. Lope who obtained the Siegneury of Biscay in the yeere 870. Suria in the Cantabrian tongue signifies white He carried in his armories two wolues sables either of them with a Lambe in his mouth in a field Argent which were the ancient armes of Biscay he married to his second wife D. Dalda daughter and heire to D. Sancho Esteguis Ordognes Lord of Tauira of Durango by whom he had one sonne called D. Manso Lopes who was Lord of Biscay and of Tauira of Durango this D. Manso had by his first wife for hee was married thrice one sonne called D. Inigo Esguerra that is to say deafe in the Biscaine tongue who was the third Lord of Biscay Of him was borne D. Lope Diaz the fourth Lord of Biscaie who liued in the time of D. Fernand Conçales Earle of Castille D. Sancho Lopes was his sonne and the fifth Lord of Biscay who although hee had two sonnes D. Inigo and D. Garcia surnamed Sanches yet did neither of them succeed him in the Siegneurie of Biscay the reason was that the souldiars beeing in mutynie at their returne from a certaine warre in Cubijana of Morillas in the Prouince of Alaua as D. Sancho Lopes came amongst their drawne swords to paciâ—ie them he receiued a wound for an other and was slaine leauing these two verie little wherefore the Biscaines hauing neede of a Lord able to gouerne them they made choise of D. Inigo Esguerra the second of that name bastard brother to the deceased who was the sixth Lord of Biscay of him came D. Lope Diaz the second who ruled in Biscay And to make some recompence to the children of D. Sancho Lopes D. Inigo Sancho had Lodio giuen him for a portion and D. Garcia that of Orozco D. Lope Diaz the seuenth Lord of Biscay was father to D. Diego Lopes who succeeded him in the daies of King D. Alphonso the sixth This D. Diego was the eighth Lord of Biscay surnamed the white and being maried to a Lady of Arragon he begat one sonne called D. Lope Diaz who was afterwards the ninth Lord of Biscay the third of that name It is that D. Lope which was at the siege of Surita with King D. Alphonso called the Noble in whose raigne wee now are come and whole daughter D. Vrraca was married to Fernand the second King of Leon and Gallicia hee also hauing built vp the towne of Haro in Rioje surnamed himselfe of Haro and left it to his posterity He had of D. Mencia his wife one sonne called D. Diego Lopes de Haro heire of his fathers estates and an other daughter called D. Gaufreda who some say had beene Queene of Nauarre but it is doubtfull This D. Diego Lopes was the tenth Lord of Biscay and a very good Knight who had the honor to bee standard-bearer to the King of Castille and was at al the exploits of warre done by King D. Alphonso the ninth Hee had to wife D. Maria Diaz de Lara daughter to Cont Nugno of whom we haue made mention and she bare him D. Lopes Diaz de Haro who was the eleuenth Lord of Biscay His Image is to be seene kneeling in the quier of the great church of Toledo planted against a piller The succession of these Lords shall bee here-after set downe according to the time Returning to King D. Alphonso Castille after the taking of Surita hauing dismissed his souldiars he returned to Toledo where hee kept his court and assembled the Noblemen and knights his vassals where finding himselfe in free possession of all the
did also build the Monasterie of Saint Dominike at Porto the church of Saint Peter the Monasterie of Leza of the Order of S. Iohn a League from the same cittie and Saint Mary d Aquas Santas Saint Saluator of Goandara Saint Peter de Retes Saint Mary de Gojos and about Guymaranes the Monasterie of Acosta with many others to the number as they say of an 150. if they fayle not in their account And for a testimonie of great charitie they say that these good Princes left a rent to the barke of Mexanfrio vpon the riuer of Duero to the end they should passe euery one without any fee. Whilest they busied themselues about these workes of pietie Aben-Iacob great Miralmumin of the Arabians being aduertised of the routs and ruine of his sectaries in Spain past the streight in person with great forces of the Almohades Affricanes where hauing ioyned with the Moores of Spaine hee went to beseege Saint Iren into the which Don Sancho the Infant of Portugall had put himselfe beginning to make his Engines ready to batter it where the beseeged were likely to be in great danger but the good old man Don Alphonso Henriques would not let the Infidels glorie in that they had done him this affront in his old age but hauing put his men in order and being resolute hee ledde them to succor his sonne who had intelligence of the Portugall armie the which being fauoured by a furious salley which the beseeged made charged the Moores armie with such resolution as they put them to flight with great slaughter of their best men and the losse of their king Aben Iacob who being mortally wounded in the charge by a Portugal dyed at the passage of the riuer of Tayo 1184. This battell was wonne in the yeare 1184. on S. Iohn Baptists day fiue dayes after the Moores had begun the seege Aben Ioseph his brother succeeded this Moore and was the third King of the Almohades 20 After this famous victorie Portugal these Princes father and son came to Coimbra which was at that time the chiefe towne of the Realme of Portugal and from thence to Porto where the marriage of D. Theresa Infanta of Portugall was concluded with Philip Earle of Flanders Beeing returned to Coimbra D. Alphonso Henriques fell sicke whereof hee dyed being 91. yeares old hauing raigned with the title of a King about 46. yeares and had succeeeded in his fathers Estates and held them 73. D. Sancho the 2. King of Porâ—tugal first of that name yeare His body was interred in the Monasterie of S. Croix of Coimbra D. Sancho his sonne was king after him in Portugall surnamed the Builder of townes 21 D. Fernand King of Leon Leon. Fernand King of Leon puts away his wife had a little before his death put away D. Vrraca his daughter by reason of proximitie of bloud their marriage beeing made without a dispensation from the Pope who beeing as they write wonderfully prest by the King to giue them leaue to remaine together would neuer yeeld vnto it notwithstanding that of her was borne D. Alphonso who succeeded his father in the Realmes of Leon and Gallicia they were cousins in the third degree D. Fernand married afterwards with the daughter of the Earle Don Nugno who liued little with him then he tooke to his third wife D. Vrraca Lopes daughter to the Earle D. Lopes and sister to Don Diego Lopes de Haro with whom he continued not long for hee died in the towne of Benauent in the yeare 1188. hauing had two sonnes by her called D. Sancho Fernandes and D. Garcia His bodie was interred at Compostella in Saint Iames church where as his mother D. Berenguela the Empresse did lye D. Alphonso the 9. of that name the 27. King of Leon. 22 AT the time of his death it seemed there remayned no cause of quarrell betwixt Leon and Castile which was not decided and ended D. Alphonso King of Leon. His sonne D. Alphonso beeing troubled with continuall stormes and quarrels by his mother-in-law D. Vrraca Lopes was retired into Portugall so as at the time of his fathers death he was absent but being aduertised thereof he came presently to Leon where he was receiued and crowned king without any contradiction The King of Castiles Councellors were of opinion that by the death of D. Fernand their Prince had a good oportunitie offered to bee reuenged of the wrongs which were done him during his nonage If he had then any desire of reuenge the future euents will shew D. Alphonso surnamed the Noble raigning then in Castille Castile was numbred for the 4. of that name Ginealogie of Castile of those that raigned alone in Castille whose posteritie was very great for he had eleuen children by Queene Elenor daughter of England the eldest was Queene Blanche mother to the king S. Lewis of France the second D. Berenguela who was queene of Leon daughter to D. Alphonso the ninth The 3. was a sonne named D. Sancho who died in his Infancie the 4. was D. Vrraca Queene of Portugall married to D. Alphonso the second of that name surnamed the Grosse the 5. child was Don Fernand who died also yong the sixt was D. Malfada dead in Salamanca and was not married the 7. D. Constance Abbesse of las Huelgas de Burgos a Monasterie built by her father Then had D. Alphonsa and D. Elenora two daughters who died young and successiuely the Queene was deliuered of another daughter called also Elenor like her selfe who was wife to Don Iayme or Iames first King of that Name and the eighth King of Arragon In the end they had the infant Don Henry who succeded his father in the realmes of Castile and Toledo These were the children which issued of that marriage The other Don Alphonso being crowned King of Leon Leon. his mother-in-law retired into Nagera where she liued long in her widdow-hood and beeing dead was buried in the Monasterie of Saint Mary the royall in the chappell of the true Crosse whereas afterwards others of her house were interred and three of her brethren Don Lopes Diaz D. Martin Lopes and Don Diego Lopes de Haro The new king of Leon stayed not long after his Coronation before he came to the court of Castile beeing at Carrion where they say that King Don Alphonso the Noble his cousin made him knight as he did also Conrad the fourth sonne to the Emperor Fredericke Barbarossa to honour whom the Spaniards write that he would haue giuen him the Infanta Donna Berenguela his daughter but she would not go into Germany others say that the marriage was made and accomplished but Conrad beeing departed to returne into Germaine whither he was called to be Duke of Suabe Donna Berenguela desired to be diuorced the which was done by the meanes of Don Gonçalo Arch-bishop of Toledo and Cardinal Gregorie the Popes Legate and was afterwards married to D. Alphonso King of Leon cousin germaine to
Castile Don Iohn Nugnes Don Aluar Nugnes and others all beeing assisted by the troupes of France and Nauarre they made roades as far as Toledo with great ruine of the country and people for the French King hated Don Sancho as an vsurper of his Nephewes right neither was he lesse enemie to Don Pedro King of Arragon as well for the detention of his nephewes and his practises with Castile as for that which had happened in the Realme of Naples betwixt the Arragonois and the French as you shall heare These spoilers being a competent armie of foure thousand horse and great numbers of foot returning towards Toledo had a desseigne to enter into Arragon and to assaile Tarrassone whereof Don Pedro being aduertised who kept a garrison of three hundred horse at Logrogno for the defence of Castile he sent to intreat the Infant Don Sancho to march thither and to succour him against the French and Nauarrois who came to destroy his Realme of Arragon the which he did presently so as beeing ioyned with the king Don Pedro they saued Tarrassone yet the Arragonois lost the castell of VI the which was wel defended by Ximeno of Artieda they also lost Lerida and Filera the which were giuen in gard to them to Sanguessa Baylo and Arbuis were ruined and the French and Nauarrois past vnto Verdun Vpon their returne the army of D. Pedro and D. Sancho attended them where as they could not auoyd the battaile which the French presented them but the Knights of Castile which did accompany them told them that they had willingly ouer-runne the country and done their indeauors in all assaults but to charge their lances against Don Sancho it was not their intention that is to say to spoile towns to ruine poore innocents who had no interest in great mens quarrels they did it willingly yet wold they not attempt any thing against the heads who might giue them impunity for all their insolencies and could take reuenge of them if they shewed themselues too eager enemies So the troupes of France and Nauarre returned towards Pampelone from whence some of the Noblemen of Castile went to D. Sancho hauing made their peace 26 The King D. Pedro finding himselfe in this danger Arragon it made him to seeke a peace with Nauarre for some moneths for he had many questions to decide with his Noblemen and Knights of Arragon and Cattelogne who complained much of his sower disposition and his tyrannous manner of gouernement insulting ouer the greatest yea against his owne bloud contrarie to all lawe and nature For wee reade that there were scarce two yeares expired after the decease of his father when as hee forced his brother Don Iames to whom the Ilands of Maiorca and Minorca with other places adiacent had beene giuen by testament Iniustice of D. Pedro against his bro. with the title of a king to hold them of him as fees depending of the Crowne of Arragon and therefore he caused him to take an oath and do homage as also for the Counties of Rossillon Cerdagne Conflans Vallespierre Colibre Omelades Carlades and for the rights of Montpellier with promise for himselfe and his descendants Kings of Maiorca to come to the Estates of Barcelona beeing called and do deliuer the citty of Maiorca the towne of Perpignan and the castell of Cerdagne vnto the Kings of Arragon whensoeuer they shold demand them in regard of which submissions and promises the king Don Pedro did confirme these lands and portions to the king Don Iames his brother for the which he would haue the Earles of Foix and Empurias D. Dalmas of Rocabertin Vicount of Castelnau Raymond of Vrgio William Canet Bernard Hugo Serralongue Dalmais of Castelnau Ponce Zagardia Arnaud Corsaccio William Sous with the Deputies of the Ilands of Maiorca and Minorca to become cautions Sometime after picking a quarrell against the Nobilitie of Cattelogne and their priuiledges this king Don Pedro did so furiously assaile the Earles of Foix Vrgel and Palliars with the Vicount of Cardona who were the most apparent as hauing beseeged and taken them in Balaguer he detained them long in a miserable prison especially the Earle of Foix whom he intreated vnworthily in the castell of Siurana Moreouer a little before this last warre of Nauarre hee had attempted and executed great matters against the French raigning in Italy hauing employed the men and meanes of Arragon and Cattelogne to the great discontentment and oppression of all his subiects and hee was newly returned out of France whether the warre of Naples and Sicily had drawne him vppon the occasion which followeth 27 The French hauing conquered Naples and Sicily Insolencies of the French in Sicily vnder Charles the first brother to Saint Louis they committed many vnaccustomed insolencies among these nations against the honor of women with other exactions and spoiles vnder colour of Iustice by reason whereof as also by the iust iudgement of God to whom without doubt the cruel deaths of Conradin and of the Duke of Austria whose heads King Charles had caused to be cut off by the pernitious counsell of Pope Clement the Sicilians did sollicite D. Pedro King of Arragon to pursue the right which he had vnto these Realmes as husband to Q. Constance heire thereof beeing daughter to king Manfroy promising to ayde and assist him with their persons and goods he which did most labour in this poursute was called Iohn de Procula or Prochida borne at Salerne Phisition to the deceased King Manfroy who by his perswasions induced the king Don Pedro to affect this conquest for the effecting whereof he first made a secret league with Pope Nicholas the third and with Michel Paleologue Emperour of Constantinople obtayning from the Pope a promise of Inuestiture of the Realmes of Naples and Sicily Martin the 4. beeing Pope after the decease of Nicholas the king sent Hugh Mataplana a Catelan to Rome to sound his disposition touching the confirmation or renewing of this Leaque and to intertaine him for Martin was friend to Charles King of Naples and to disguise the cause of his Ambassadors voyage he had charge to mooue the Pope and the Consistorie to canonize Don Friar Raymond of Pegnafort according to the aduice of a Prouinciall Councell held a litle before at Barcelona by the Prelates of Arragon and Cattelogne In the meane time D. Pedro did arme forty galleys with many ships the which he caused to passe along the coast of Affricke vnder a colour of restoring Bouqueron king of Constatine in Africke who was expelled by his brother and the better to couer his enterprise the Ambassador besought the Pope to take the Realme of Arragon into the protection of the Church whilest that the king D. Pedro should be absent in the warre of Affricke and to demaund leaue to exact a tenth of his Cleargie The king was demanded by the Ambassadours of France the reason of this great preparation with offers that if it were
tributes vnto the Church At that time the chiefe men in the Iland were Brancaleon d' Oria and Hugues Vicont of Bassi this last being corrupted by the king of Arragon shewed himselfe an enemy to the Pisans and began the war of Sardinia with happie successe The king drew vnto his partie Guelphe Earle of Donoratico Kinsman to Cardinall Luke Fiesco and suddenly sent Dalmais Vicount of Rocabertin and his vncle Girard Bertrand of Castelet and Hugh of S. Paix Cattelans with 200. horse and 2000. foot to fortifie his partisans in the Iland Whilest that the armie assembled in the port of Fangoso where there met about the end of Iune in the yeare 1233. sixty gallies and 20. ships armed and aboue twice as many other vessels carrying victuals and baggage The Infant D. Alphonso parted with his fleet vnder the conduct of Francisco Carroço Admirall and came with a good wind to the port of S. Marke neere vnto the ruines of the ancient cittie of Sulsi a Colony of the Carthaginians The souldiers beeing landed began to presse the towne from the Church in the which were Barnabas d' Oria sonne to Brancaleon and other Captaines who after long resistance yeelded it to the Infant D. Alphonso The cities of Cailleti Eglise Aquafredda Iojosaguarda Orguilos Sardinia inuaded by the Arragonois Oleastro Quirrano Patra and other places held good for the Pisans whilest they battered the towne of Eglise the Admirall Francisco Carroso with 20. gallies beseeged the port of Cailleri and Dalmais Vicount of Rocabertin by land seazed vppon an hill which commanded the castell or fort of that citty but this place was releeeud by Manfroy sonne to Regnier one of Earles of Donoratico who came to Terranoua with 25. gallies of Pisa and some number of souldiers the which hauing landed at Decimo a Bourg so called for that it is ten myles from Cailleri by the fauour of this armie he gathered together a great number of Sardes and fortified himselfe in such sort as hee presumed to offer battaile to the Arragonois Those that were before the towne of Eglise were wonderfully afflicted with sicknesse which grew through the bad disposition of the ayre of Sardinia and euen the Infant D. Alphonso was in danger of death yet persisting at the seege the towne beeing prest by force and want of victuals it was yeelded Eglise yeelded to the Arragonois hauing held out eight moneths during the which many dyed through the infection of the pestilent ayre Don Artal de Luna and his sonne of the same name Gambault of Beneuent D'almais of Chastelnoua Girard of Rocabertin Gillebert Centillas Pedro Querault Raymond Berenger Ceruillon Raymond Alleman Galcer and S. Paix and Raymond of Cardona all men of note so as the taking of the towne of Eglise cost the Arragonois deare After this exploit the Infant D. Alphonso led the armie to the seege of Cailleri against whome Manfroy aduanced with those Pisans which he had brought and some Sardes gathered together where there was a fierce and bloudie battell but the Arragonois had the victorie hauing lost D. Alleman de Luna Defcate of Pisans and Sardes before Cailleri nephew to D. Symon de Luna Arch bishop of Tarragone who was much lamented Manfroy being wounded saued himselfe in the fort of Cailleri and at that instant there arriued 18. gallies of supplies to the Infant D. Alphonso from Barcelona Wherefore the towne and fort of Cailleri were more straightly and violently battered then before so as the beseeged beeing reduced to great extremities following the aduise of Manfroy their Captaine and by his leading made a sudden sally foorth with all their horse among the which were 500. souldiers the best and most resolute spirits among all the Pisans and charged the Arragonois army with great terrour and amazement yet through the diligence of the Infant and his Captains the enemy was repulsed with the losse of three hundred horse Here Manfroy was grieuously wounded againe whereof and for griefe of this last losse he died soone after the which draue the beseeged into such despaire that hauing aduertised the Pisans of their estate and they sending to demand a peace of the king D. Iames beeing at Barcelona by the meanes and negotiation of Brancaleon D' Oria they came to composition vppon these conditions That the citty and castell of Cailleri bee yeelded vp to the Infant and the prisoners of either part deliuered which citty and castell should be deliuered againe vnto the Pisans vppon condition that they should hold it and all they enioyed in Sardinia in fee and homage of the crowne of Arragon Yea some Authors among the Arragonois say that the citty it selfe of Pisa and that it should be lawfull for the trafficke in Cattelogne and Arragon and to haue a Consull in the citty of Barcelona These things being accorded and performed the Infant D. Alphonso gaue many castels lands and reuenues to Noblemen and Gentlemen which had serued faithfully and valiantly in this warre in the which many gallies of Majorca had continued He left D. Philip de Salces Gouernour of Sardinia and Commander of the men of warre and D. Berenger Carroso sonne to Don Francis to cammand the gallies which were left there for the guard of the Iland Hauing thus disposed of the affaires the army imbarked at Saint Macaire and sayled with their Generall D. Alphonso towards Barcelona where they arriued with a prosperous wind about the beginning of August An. 1324. in the yeare 1324. There were great signes of ioy made at the landing of his victorious armie and thanks-giuing vnto God in the citty of Barcelona but some write that the king Don Iames going foorth to meet his sonne triumphing and full of glorie for the warre of Sardinia so happily ended seeing him attired in the habit of a Sarde he grew sad and would not speake vnto him vntill hee had taken a more seemely garment wherefore in the midst of this pompe the Infant put on his coate of armes and then the king his father imbraced him and honored him much saying aloud that he tooke great delight to see him attired like the Commander of a victorious warre and not in the habite of a slaue After the conquest of Sardinia the king D. Iames was sollicited by Castruccio Castracani gouerning at that time at Luca to make the expedition of Corsica against the Geneuois promising that he would prouide them such worke in Italy as the enterprise of that Iland should easie but Barnabas d' Oria who was then in fauour with the King D. Iames diuerted him shewing that it should bee more expedient and profitable to practise the chiefe Noblemen of Corsica and to draw them to his seruice The affaires of Sardinia continued not long quiet as we will shew but it is necessary to relate first what past in the other parts of Spaine during these wars and conquests of the Arragonois 35 In Portugal there was then erected the Order
Leader not without great dishonor and losse to the King of the Moores who at the same time was stript fo the victuals ofhis army which he caused to bee conducted to Priegos by the Gouernor D. Gonzale Martines who carried the prey to Alcaudette The gallies of Castille being ioyned to them of Arragon held King Abomelic as it were beseeged in Algezire lying in the straight taking from him all hope of succours either of men or victuals from Affrike wherevpon the Moores beeing aduertised that in Lebrixa was one of the store-houses for he Christian army thought they might well surprise it wherevpon they sent about one thousand fiue hundred horse among the Oliue trees of Xeres where they tooke a great booty but they foūd that D. Fernand Puerto Carrero gouernor of Tariffe was entred a little before with a good number of souldiars wherefore their defeigne beeing disapointed they turned towards Arcos where they spoiled and carried away great store of cattaile whereof the Inhabitants within Seuile being aduertised they went with their city standard to field and beeing ioyned to the Maister of Alcantara to D. Aluar Perez of Guzman to D. Pero Ponce of Leon who went out of Arcos and others they came and incountred these forragers vnlooked for whom they charged so furiously as they put them to rout and recouered all the prey King Abomelic continuing the spoile about Xeres marcht with three thousand and fiue hundred horse which he had reserued and a great number of foot towards Alcala de los Ganzules and beseeged it beeing ignorant of the defeat of his men The victorious Christians hauing ioyned with Fernand Gonçales d' Aguilar who had some horse and being also fortefied by them of Eccia marcht that way and charged this army of Moores with such fury Moores defeated as they put them to flight and chasing and killing them they pursued them far his campe remayning in great confusion and disorder King Abomelic being hastely pursued had no meanes to get to horse but fell amongst the footmen who fled and were hardly followed so as in the end not to be knowne hee cast himselfe amongst those which lay vpon the ground slaine or wounded where a Christian souldiar passing by and not knowing him thrust him through with his sword Abomelic a Moorish King slaine whereof hee died soone after The Christians as some write were not aboue 2000. horse and two thousand fiue hundred foote who without any great losse slue ten thousand Moores in this surprize and pursute they spoiled theri campe and tooke their baggage which was great and so returned ioyfully to Xeres The Kings body was afterwards found neere vnto a brooke whether he had crept as it was likely to quench the burning thirst which doth commonly afflict such as are wounded hauing lost much bloud King Albohacen his father being aduertised of this pittifull accident was inflamed with wrath and desire of reueng makeing al possible speed to passe into Spaine Whilest that hee prepares himselfe Castile there fell out a great disorder in Andalusia by the meanes of D. Leonora of Guzman This woman who gouerned the King made reports accused D. Gonzal Nugnes Maister of Alcantara of certaine matters the which did much incense the King Troubles by the report of a woman wherefore being come to Madrid hee sent to the Maister to come presently vnto him D. Gonzal who was fully aduertised why hee was sent for and knowing how dangerous the King was to them hee did not like obeyed not but thrust on by distrust hee left his seruice and debauching many of his knights hee acquainted himselfe with the Moores and beganne to make practises in Granado The King beeing aduertised of his reuolt returned sodainely and had meanes before hee could dislodge to beseege him in a towne called Valence belonging to the Order of Alcantara whereas D. Gonçale defended himselfe vnto the end and would neuer harken to any words or promises whatsoeuer In the end not able to hold it any longer hee offred to yeeld vnto the Kings mercy but it was too late for the place was forced and he taken and put to death and his body condemned and burnt as a Traitor by the Kings sentence Such as had followed his party and held other places yeelded A man in truth worthy of a more honorable death who besides many generous acts and worthy seruices done vnto the crowne of Castille had beene in the two aboue mentioned victories and adorned the Temples of the towne where he was forced with the standards and ensignes hee had taken from the Moores D. Nugno Chamiço was chosen in his place Ieoffery Giralbert Admiral of Arragon Moores who kept the Sraight with the gallies of Arragon being landed vpon the shoare nere to Algezire had an incounter with the Moores by whom he was vanquished and slaine with an arrow wherevpon the army returned into Arragon that of Castile remayning at the passage the which consisted onely of three and thirtie gallies and some few ships to weake a force to stoppe the Moores passage out of Affrike so as about three thousand Genets past presently into Algezire without any let and beganne to ouerrunne the country about Arcos Xeres and Medina Sidonia gathering together a gret prey but thinking to put it into Algenire they were forced to leaue it by the way being charged by the horsemen which went out of Xeres who slue many vpon the place amongst which was Boutui a famous captaine of the Moores King Alhohaçen had caused a great number of vessels of al sorts to be made ready both in the ports of Spaine and Affrike meaning to carry into Spaine one of the greatest armies that euer went out of Affrike to stop whose passage King Alphonso was il prouided and as he was distrustfull and of a strange humour and many times vniust vnto his best seruants hee compaline of Don Alphonso Ieoffrey Tenorio his Admiral saying that hee slept and suffred the Moores to passe and repasse at their pleasure Loyalty ill rewarded makes a good seruant despaire the which was not true for the Admirall did his duety with those few Gallies hee had and did often take foists and other vessels which did houer about those coastes and ships laden with victuals which came out of Affrike into Spaine namely from Centa to Algezire the which notwithstanding did not satisfie the King who would exact some great effect of necessity wherefore hee thrust the Admirall unto despaire the which was verie preiudiciall to that warre King Albohaçen beeing come to Ceuta in the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1340. An. 1340. and hauing there gathered together to the number of three score and ten Gallies and other vessels to passe his horsemen victuals armes engines and other equipage of warre neere to a hundred and foure score sailes as wel of his owne as of the Kings of Granado hee went with this mighty army towards Spaine where it was
Nauarre and Arragon began then to make many practises with the Kings of Portugal and England to dispossesse the King D. Henry of his new conquest in the which Carmona in Andalusia Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo in Castile with a good part of Galicia refused to obey him al the rest acknowledging him for King For Toledo as soone as D. Pedros death was knowne yeelded Seuile opened her gates the castle of Montiel was deliuered him where and in other places hee foūd great store of treasure iewels silks tapstries other rich mouables of the deceased king The townes of Logrogno Victoria Saluatierra of Alua and St. Cruz of Campeço were yeelded to the king of Nauar he of Arragon had seized on Molina Cagnet Requegna hauing corrupted Garcia of Vera and Aluar Ruis of Espejo captaines of these places D. Henry sought to make some accord with thē of Carmona demanding fridēship and offring a truce to the King of Granado Truce offred by the King D. Henry and refused by him the which the King of Castile had neuer done but he could nto effect it Mahumet the Old King of Granado answered that hee would be a friend to the King D. Pedro dead as hee had beene in his life time wherefore the King leauing good order vpon that frontier and appointing D. Gonçalo Mexia maister of the knights of Saint Iames Gouernor thereof with other Noblemen and Captaines he parted from Seuile to come to Toledo Then he caused a certaine coine to bee made called croysez of the value of a marauedis and an other kinde called rials Money currant in Castile of the value of foure marauidis Euery marauidis in those times being worth ten of the lesser at this daie The first that began to quarrel with him for the succession of the realme Portugal was D. Fernand King of Portugal who pretended to be lawful heire as Grandchild to D. Beatrix of Castile daughter to D. Sancho the Braue he was animated in this ambition by the Inhabitants of Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo frontier townes of Portugal Zamore and Ciudad Roderigo contrary to the King D. Henry who would not acknowledge D. Henry but called in D. Fernand to raigne ouer them as it seemed all the country of Galicia had the like intent the towne of Corunna commonly called the Groine hauing voluntarily subiected it selfe to the king of Portugal To preuent which inconueniences the king D. Henry marched with a great army towards Zamore to beseege it but finding it strong and wel manned he past on into Galicia D. Fernand finding himselfe inferior both in number of men in valour and in experience of warre vnto D. Henry would not attend him but imbarked and returned into his country by sea leauing a good garrison in the Groine 〈…〉 The King D. Henry accompanied by Bertrand of Guesclin entred into Portugal betwixt the riuers of Duero and Minio where he tooke Braga and Bragança and ouerrun al that country in view of the enemies who durst not present themselues in battaile and had done worse if he had not beene called backe by the newes which he receiued of the Moores attempts and of the taking of Algezire by the King of Granado who hauing intelligence with the King of Portugal had beseeged taken and razed this place euen vnto the ground in hattred of the great losses which the Moores his predecessors and their confederats had receiued by reason thereof Moores take Algezire At that time there raigned at Fez in Affrike and in Algarue or the plaines of Affrike a prince of the race of the Merins called Abayfer Abdelaziz to whom the Kings of Arragon and Granado hauing conspired against D. Henry sent their Ambassadors An. 1370. in the yeere 1370. to treat a peace and league with him the which they did for fiue yeeres and in the mean time the King of Granado ceased no to annoy the contry of Andalusia and to doe all the spoile he could giuing it out that it was in fauor and aide of D. Pedros children who were in Carmona well manned and fortefied The King D. Henry went to field against this Moore Castille who in passing attempted Ciudad Roderigo but he could not take it Being come to Medina del Campo where the Estates were assembled he was assisted with great summes of money wherewith hee contented strangers which had serued him and withal hee receiued for the ransome of D. Iames of Majorca who had beene taken in the castle of Burgos 70000. ducats paied by Queene Ieanne of Naples his wife They hold that Bertrand of Guesclin and others receiued there aboue sixe score thousand doublons besides the townes and places which hee gaue them as to Guesclin the townes of Soria Almaçan Ariença Montague and Seron and moreouer the Siegneury of Molina which the King of Arragon held that hee might breed a iarre betwixt them There Bertrand of Guesclin tooke his leaue and returned into France where he was made Constable and managed the warre against the English The King D. Henry being come into Andalusia hee was to arme himselfe against the Moores against them of Carmona against the gallies of Portugal who did trouble that coast stoping the mouth to the riuer of Guadalquibir so as the towne of Seuile was much anoied The King was nothing well prouided of gallies ships of warre yet he gaue such order as in a short time he had a good army made ready in Biscay and Guipuscoa whereby the sea was assured the Generall of this armie was called Pero Gonçales of Aguero During these actions D. Tello the Kings brother beeing reconciled and left by him in Galicia to make head against the Portugals died and was buried at Saint Francis of Palencia the Siegneuries of Biscay and Lara held by him were afterwards giuen by the King vnto his sonne D. Iohn who being come vnto the crowne did incorporat them vnto it for euer In the yeere 1371. An. 1371. Carmona was straightly beseeged and after many assaults yeelded by D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua vpon certaine conditions During the seege there was so furious a sally made as they came vnto the Kings tent Carmone yeelded to the King D Henry where he was in great danger wherewith being incensed and at many other bad offices of this maister he caused him to be slaine afterwards at Seuile passion surmounting the religion of othes and promises There was great store of the deceased D. Pedros treasure found by the King And at the time of this seege D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco great Chamberlaine to the King tooke Zamora and in Galicia many rebels were subdued by D. Pedro Manriques gouernor general of Castile and D. Pedro Ruis Sarmiento gouernor of Galicia 2 This good successe made the King of Portugal yeeld to the will of God Portugal who shewed plainely that D. Henry must raigne wherefore these Princes made a peace at Alcantin treating a
people at the seege of this castle retired himselfe to a strong hold from whence euery day he offered the King battaile A bloudy fight betwixt the Kings army and that 〈◊〉 D. Hugo de Caodona beeing come to fight the victory remained for a while doubtfull on either side but the last it fell to the King there died as well in this incounter as in the skirmishes of the seege more then fifteene hundred of the enemies and very neere as many on the Kings part so as hee had small occasion to reckon this victory in the number of his happy ones From thence the Kings army marched to the aide of the Archbishop of Tarragon whom those of Lerida and Ceruera held beseeged in a place very discommodious who freed him from thence In an other place Don Alphonso of Arragon obtained a great victory neere vnto the towne of Saint Colomba with whom the Kings army ioyning that place yeelded besides this the towne of Ceriall was taken by force and all the country thereabout whilest the Queene and the Earle of Foix in an other place tooke the towne of Moncada by assault with many other places which for feare yeelded vnto them Whilest the affaires of King Iohn succeeded well in Cattalogna Moores the King of Castile made open warres vpon the frontiers of Granada since the defeate of the Infant Haly Muly-Hacen wherein Don Iohn de Guzman the first Duke of Medina Sidonia sonne to Count Henry of Niebla who was drowned before Gibralter Gibralter taken by the Castillians made excellent proofe of his valor and good conduct and he had the good hap to subiect the city of Gibraltar to the crowne of Castile which his father had attempted in vaine The newes of this conquest were so pleasing to King Henry as amongest his other titles hee would bee called King of Gibraltar for this city had beene the chiefe in the Kingdome of Abomelech the Infant of Marocco sonne to King Alboacen of the kindred of the Merins This happie exploite was accompanied with the taking of the City of Archedona by the Maister of Calatraua Don Pedro Giron brother to the Marquis of Villena The keeping of Gibraltar was committed for that time to Pedro de Porras About this time diuers Princes and Potentates sent their Ambassadors to the King of Castile Castile namely from his cosin King Fernand of Naples from Pope Pius and the Colledge of Cardinals and from the Venetians who desired his perpetuall friendship and confederacy The Geneuois offered him fealty and homage and withall to become his subiects but King Henry contenting himselfe with his owne estates not being by nature ambitious did not desire to meddle in those forraine businesses albeit there wanted not diuers of his councell to animate him therevnto King Iohn hauing Nauarre and Arragon at Moncada ioyned his army with that of the Queene his wife and his sonne in law the Earle of Foix the councell thought it fit to send to beseege the City of Barcelona and it was so concluded notwithstanding that the King was of a contrary opinion The Barcelonois had receiued the aboue mentioned aide from Castile Barcelona erecteth the banners of Castile and resoluing neuer more to obey the King of Arragon they had set vp the banners of Castile the citty was very rich and greatly furnished with men and munition very strong in their walles and towers and excellently wel prouided of al things belonging to the sea by reason whereof they made sundry sallies and skirmishes with the Kings army to the great losse and hinderance thereof as well by land as by sea and namely they gaue chase to captaine Vilago who kept the sea from them with eight Gallies of Arragon so as the King thought it the best way to raise his seege after that hee had beene before it by the space of twenty daies causing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon to spoile the country round about the citty From thence the army marched to Villa-franca which was taken by force and there the King caused to be executed by order of law foure hundred of the Inhabitants beeing prouoked therevnto by the death of two French captaines which were slaine at his entery into the towne which became such a terror to the rest of the townes thereabouts as diuerse yeelded without any resistance at all They beseeged the city of Tarragon Tarragon yeelded to the king which at the first made resistance yet neuer sallied forth of their wals but when they beheld their fields burnt and the continual battery and assaults of the enemies their courage began to shrinke especially when the aide which was sent them from Barcelona was at their landing constrained to flie backe to their Gallies then with very easie conditions they yeelded to the King who left Roderigo of Rebolledo for their Gouernor he himselfe going backe to Ballaguer The Cattelans thus distressed sent new Ambassadors into Castile one of them was the Archdeacon of Girona who being ioyned to the Ambassador resident with King Henry made new offers of submission and full obedience vnto him beseeching him to intitule himselfe King of Arragon and Earle of Barcelona seeing that hee was assured that those dominions did by all diuine and humaine right belong vnto him and that now the voluntary consent of the people did inuite him therevnto requesting moreouer aide of souldiars The King of Castile beside this publique Ambassage was solicited therevnto by sundry Lords and other cities of Valencia and Arragon and to speake truely hee did greatly incline to their demaunds but the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena the Kings chiefe councellors after whose appetite the whole affaires of the Kingdome were gouerned were of a contrary opinion and peraduenture they had intelligence with King Iohn of Arragon but it was not certainely knowne whether it were so or no wherefore the businesse beeing debated on by the councell the Ambassadors receiued this answere that if they ment to haue any aide of souldiars it did then behoue them to bring store of money with them and as for the title to the crowne of Arragon and county of Barcelona King Henry would consider thereon with more mature deliberation The Ambassadors replied that if it would please the King to take their cause in hand and to shew himselfe openly in their defence as his subiects they would venture their heads if within threescore daies after they did not bring into the Kings coffers the summe of seuen hundred thousand florins of gold This seemed a dreame to the Archbishop and the Marquis for the summe was exceeding great for those times and they two hauing an other purpose wrought so well as king Henry not onely refused their offers but withdrew himselfe wholy from the warre of Arragon giuing them to vnderstand that he had rather with the helpe of the French King mediate a good peace for them Now the Marquis and the Archbishop did purpose The King
on all parts and the beseeged made diuerse braue sallies vpon the enemies D. Pedro who named himselfe King did desire to succour Tortosa but being with his forces on the way he died by poison as it is reported in the City of Granol D. Pedro of Portugal poysoned fiue miles distant from Barcelona King Iohn being aduertized of the death of his enemy did not dissemble the ioy that he felt not the Barcelonois their griefe and sorrow but those of Tortosa were especially greeued for the hope of succor which they expected from him Tortosa yeelded to King Iohn so as being out of hope of helpe and extreamely beaten euery day they yeelded vpon reasonable termes These things were done in Cattalonia at the same time that the Prince Alphonso was proclaimed King of Castile at Auila Castile and King Henry degraded by the confederate Lords vnto whose seruice and readuancement from sundry parts of the Realme diuers Noble men resorted but Don Garcia Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua de Tormes was he that shewed the greatest loue and affection towards him for he brought to his aide one thousand footmen three hundred men at armes and two hundred light horse or genets he dwelt nere to Salamanca The King sent the Earle of Alua and his troupes to Zamora with Iohn Bernandes Galindo who had commaund of the residew of the army he himselfe with the Queene and the Infanta Isabella went to Ledesma where he was sumptuously entertained and feasted by the Duke of Albuquerque for the space of eight daies from whence hauing assembled three hundred men at armes and two hundred genets they accompanied the King to Zamora The Queene and the Infanta Isabell went into Portugall to request aide of the King whereof there was great need but their labour was in vaine At Zamora daily arriued great numbers of souldiars for the Kings seruice The Earle of Transtamara brought thither two hundred men at armes and two hundred genets the Earle of Valencia a hundred men at armes and two hundred genets others brought more or lesse according to their habilities The King sent three hundred Launces to Segobia to accompany the Lady Ioane his supposed daughter to Zamora where with great pompe hee entred the City vnder a canopy and in a Kingly habit In the meane time the Maister of Calatraua D. Pedro Gyron Maister of Calatraua stirsin Andeluzia against the King stirred vp all Andaluzia for the contrary part and drew some by perswations guifts and promises others by theatnings force and violence Hauing done his best but in vaine to enduce D. Iohn de Valençuela to ioyne himselfe with the confederate Lords he tooke him prisoner and would not release him till he had snatched diuers fortresses from him with the which not being satisfied he tooke from him all the places belonging to the priory of Saint Iohn and gaue them to D. Aluaro de Estuniga third sonne to the Earle of Playsance He dispossessed also the Bishop of Iaen the Kings faithful seruant from all that he held notwithstanding that he vsed his goods and houses boldly and familliarly as his guest The Constable of Castile D. Michael Lucas de Irançu D. Pedro de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and his children the Marshall of Castile D. Diego the Commandor de Estepa D. Martin and Martin Alphonso Lord of Alcaudete did oppose themselues against the Maister of Calatraua The intent of the confederate Lords was to goe and beseege Simancas and being gone from Valiodolit for the same purpose with great store of men and munition by the way they tooke Pegnafleur where whilest they were busied the King caused Iohn Fernandes Galindo to enter into Simancas with three hundred horse and not long after the towne beeing inuested by the enemy it was a hard matter to say whether the beseegers or the beseeged were in most feare In the meane space whilest they lay before that towne The Archbishop of Teledo chiefe of the rebels derided the knauish boies and lackies which were within the same did gather themselues together vpon a day and in derision of the league they made an image representing the Archbishop of Toledo which they named the new D. Opas the Apostata in the daies of Count Iulian who brought the Moores into Spaine against King Rodericke then they made one amongest them a Iudge who sitting in a seate commanded the image should bee imprisoned and afterward he pronounced sentence which was that Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo following the steps of the old Bishop Opas the ruine of Spaine for that he had betraied the King his naturall Lord rebelling against him and detayning his money townes and fortresses which he had committed to him was condemned to be drawne vp and downe the streets and publike places of Simancas a trumpet going before who should proclaime that the King did command this iustice to bee done to the traitor Opas as a recompence due for his treacheries and treasons and that then it should bee burned This sentence being pronounced aloud the image was carried forth of the towne accompanied with more then three hundred boies and lacquaies and burned nere to the confederats army and in their sight The Lords of the league perceiuing that they could not take Simancas did raise their seege and brought their forces backe to Valiodolit The Kings army which was assembled at Toro did daily encrease to the which their ioyned the Earle of Medina Celi with fiue hundred Launces the Marquis of Santillana with seuen hundred D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan with two hundred and a great number of footmen diuers others also came thither so that there were reckoned to be foure score thousand footmen and foureteene thousand horse as well men at armes as light horse who were all of them very desirous to fight and to doe the King good seruice who by the aduice of the Lords and captaines of his army caused the campe to dislodge and to aduance towards the enemies the Earle of Alua de Tormes leading the vantguard and the battaile was conducted by D. Pedro Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra The army marching neere to Tordesillas a captaine of the Vantgarde named Garci Mendes of Badajos disbanding with about two hundred horse met neere to Valiodolit with Iohn Carillo a Knight of the Admiralls leading a band of fifty horse whom he fought with vanquished and tooke Iohn Carillo prisoner beeing grieuously hurt who was brought into a Chappel thereby where hee entreated to speake with the King before he died for he felt himselfe wounded to the death The King at the intreaty of his friends came to visit the prisoner whose end drew neere he craued pardon of the King for bearing armes against him and told him that he was come from Valiodolit the same day by the commandement of those that had power ouer him to finde meanes to kill him and he did moreouer reueale to the King sundry other vilde
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâ—eef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
for a very religious place beeing visited and indowed by diuerse deuout people Wherefore those of Ognate and Mondragon which are the neerest places to it seeing that great numbers of pilgrims came thither they beganne to make the waies plaine and to cut the rocke to make the passage thither more easie Vpon this beginning grounded vpon the simple credulity of a sort of rude people it came to passe that this Image beeing famous and greatly visited certaine of the religious of La Merced were greatly desirous to build a Couent there wherein one of them named Frier Peter of Ariaran did greatly imploy himselfe whose mother was so superstitious as shee dedicated her whole life to the seruice of this Couent but these fathers being kept there a certaine time as well by the almes of the good people of the country thereabouts as also by the bounty of the pilgrims in the end by reason of the extreame cold of the winter and barrennes of the place they grew weary and left it in whose roomes came certaine religious people of the third Order of Saint Francis or Tercerones as they call them who did enlarge the Couent begonne by the Friers of La Merced Friers tranformed to Iacobins who were by the Popes prouided of diuerse pardons and indulgencies for those which should visit it and doe them any good now in the reigne of the Catholike King and Queene Fernand and Isabella vpon the occasion of reforming the religions of Spaine these Friers Tercerons were admonished by this Obseruantines to turne to their rule which is say they the true rule of Saint Francis which they refused and being vrged therevnto by way of Iustice these father 's resolued to giue ouer their first religion and did put on the habit of the Iacobins or Friers Prechers of Saint Dominike then there arose an other strife betwixt the Friers of Saint Francis and the Dominicans about the possession of this Couent the Friers saying that it belonged vnto them and to none others seeing that the brethren of their Order had held it so long a time without contradiction of those of La Merced Therefore they beganne by ordinary and extraordinary meanes to contend about this possession and at the last fell to blowes but the Dominicans being vpheld by the Inhabitants of Ognate the friers withdrew themselues not attempting it any more by such meanes then they beganne their sute about it at Rome whether they sent for their soliciter a frier called Martin Gartbay who vsed such dilligence as the right was iudged to the brethren of his order and the Couent restored to the Obseruant friers So at the returne of friar Martin into Spaine who brought with him the execution of that sentence the Dominicans came forth and left the possession to their aduersaries who at this present doe enioy it and haue greatly augmented it with building and it is said that it is an harbour and retreat for many afflicted people specially of Marriners who come thither to pay their vowes to the great commodity of the friers these exercizes of religion are greatly vsed in Spain but in the yeere 1552. vpon the sixth of December the whole Cloister with the lodgings and other buildings were burnt downe to the ground by casualty but the fire touched not the Church which they account for a great miracle This yeere 1469. died Don Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Earle of Haro who was reputed to bee a Knight that led the most Christian life of any other of his time Religious deeds of Pedro Fernandes de Velasco Earle of Haro in testimony whereof the Spaniards write that hee did build the Monastery of Pomar where hee made three of his daughters Nunnes with an hospitall where twelue Gentlemen falne into pouerty should be honorably entertained and a Chappell for the buriall of him and his liuing afterward very retiredly in Medina de Pomar eschewing the daungers and troubles of this world these religious workes are practized in Spaine by the great Lords that are rich when they are become old and haue many children Now his sonne Don Pedro of Velasco oftentimes named in this History succeeded in the Earledome But returning to the History of King Henry who beeing come to Segobia the absence of the Maister of Saint Iames who was extreamely sicke of a quartan feuer did greatly trouble him for without him hee could doe nothing therefore it was thought fit that for their better conferring together the King should come to Madrid whether the Maister beeing very weake was brought the King and the whole Court going forth to meet him not without the wonder of diuerse which thought it a strange matter to see this Prince so much to abase himselfe to Iohn de Pacheco who notwithstanding that hee was sicke yet all matters passed thorough his hands and nothing was concluded on without him About the same time died Don Lewis de la Cerde who had held Escalona all the time of the troubles and appointed at his death that his people should yeeld it vp to the King the Maister of Saint Iames demaunded this place and obtained it and because the souldiars of the deceassed did say that they would not deliuer it to any other but to the King himselfe Contempt of Iustice in these daies in Castile hee came thether in person and receiued the towne and gaue it forthwith to the maister of Saint Iames so as all that which had beene taken from Aluar de Luna Maister of Saint Iames fell to this man In these daies the great Lords of Spaine grew so licentious as he which was strongest would right himselfe the King nor his lawes beeing in no sort feared nor reuerenced There was a quarrell betwixt the Earles of Benauent Quarrels betwixt the Earles of Benâ—uent and Lemos Lemos and the Vicont of Vaçan about the towne of Matilla possessed by the Earle of Lemos the Earle of Luna laboured to reconcile them and to bring them to talke togither but he of Benauent came thither so well accompanied as hee tooke the Vicount prisoner and sent him away to Benauent then he tooke the towne of Matilla by force and restored to Garcia of Toledo Bishop of Astorga certaine places which had beene vsurped vpon him The sort of Canales was likewise taken from the Archbishop of Toledo by a captaine called Peter Bermudes of the Kings party Canales taken from the Archbishop of Toledo who was nothing sorry therefore In Biscay and Guipuscoa the factions of Gamboinnes and Ognazines grew outragious the chiefe heads whereof were Peter Abendagno and Iohn Alphonso of Murica whereof followed so many murthers Factions in Biscay rapes and other cruell and wicked acts as the King at the request of them of the country sent D. Pedro of Velasco the new Earle of Haro thither with power and authority to finde out and punish the offenders and to reduce those two Prouinces into a quiet and peaceable Estate The Earle vpon due
horse and as many chosen foote-men King Fernand promiseth the Moores liberty of their conscience Those of Alozagra yeelded vpon condition they might bee mayntayned in their consciences and religon the which the King graunted then they beseeged the towne of Caçaranouelle where the Moores made incredible resistance killing in diuers skirmishes greate numbers of Christians as namely Don Guttires de Sottomajor Earle of Benalcaçar a young Noble-man of foure and twenty yeares of age hardy and valiant who was shot throw the body with a poysoned arrow for whose death the king and the whole army were very sorry because these braueries of the Moores did make them become obstinate and encouraged others which would haue yeelded to make resistance The Army A couragious woman and constant in her enterprises with this losse without performing any other exploit then burning the country did returne backe to Antiqera where the King receaued letters from the Queene his wife which caused the whole army to blush for shame for shee let them vnderstand how that so goodly an army ought not to liue vnprofitably nor returne without doing some notable exployt wherefore being incourraged by a woman they retired againe into the enemies country and spoyled it euen to the mountaine called Sierra Neuada the King beeing lodged with a great body of an army within halfe a mile of the Citty of Granada to oppose him-selfe against the sallies which they of the towne might make vpon those that did forrage the Duke of medina and the Earle of Cabra being in an other place where as much as in them lay they spoyled the country and made it vnfit to beare frute the sooner therby to starue them The Queene had laden 5000. beasts of carriage with victualls which by the helpe of this army entred into Alhama where the King left Don Guttiere de Padilla gouernour who was nephew to Don Garcia Lopes de Padilla Maister of Calatraua in regard the Maister had promised to defend that place with the forces of his iurisdiction After-wards the army returned to Cordoua where the Queene being demaunded if shee were pleased with what they had donne shee answered that it was not fit they should spend the rest of the yeare in idlenesse where-vpon the King returned and marched against Septenil which for three daies space was batered and afterwards the Moores yeelded it vpon composition that they might depart with their liues goods and liberty the place was committed to the keeping of D. Francisco Henriques from thence the army went to ruine the country of Ronde and because winter did draw neere it did attempt nothing else and was brought backe to Siuill whether the Queene came The garrisons of Alhama Alora and Septenill were commanded by the King and Queene to aide King Mahomet the little with all their power against Muley Albohacen his father Portugal King Iohn a greâ—te iusticer namely against the nobillity with other of his qualities Wee will here for a while lay by the affaires of Castile and Arragon and speake of Portugall and of the raigne of Iohn the 2. who succeeded Alphonso 1481. beeing sixe and twenty yeares of age This Prince was a great Iusticer and it may be ouer rigorous in the execution thereof especially against the Nobilitie and great Lords of his kingdome whome he did punish and reclaymed from many oppressions which his father had tolerated this caused him to be hated and gaue cause vnto some who were very neere vnto him in bloud to practise against his life and state He was of a quicke and sharpe iudgement and of an excellent memorie he could discourse eloquently of all matters and would haue those that did talke with him to consider how and what to speake and he would ordinarily say that it was impossible but that Kings should be wise men because euery one that spake to them whether they were foolish or wise did striue to speake well and wisely He shewed great wisedome in all his actions not suffering himselfe to be carried away by Court-flatterers and if hee did fauour any one Mediocâ—itie is to be obserued in the aduancement of Princes seruants hee would aduance him but to a certaine meane and no further giuing authoritie to no man more than was needfull hee was a louer of good councell very true firme and constant in whatsoeuer he graunted or denyed liberall aswell to strangers as to his owne seruants he was religious according to those times and charitable towards the poore for whose ease and comfort hee builded the royall Hospitall of Lisborne in the honour of all Saints he shewed himselfe very obedient towards his father and had the good hap Discouery of Manicongo to haue the kingdome of Manicongo discouered in his raigne at which time with great care and diligence the nauigation for spices did beginne for which things hee was surnamed the Great When hee beganne to raigne hee was already father to the Infant Don Alphonso begotten on Queene Elenor daughter to Don Fernand Duke of Viseo his Vncle and to the Infanta Donna Beatrix shee who had procured the peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall Genealogie of Portugal the Infant was seauen yeares old when his father came to the Crowne who the yeare 1481. had a sonne by a Mistris of his called Donna Anne de Mendoza whose name was George Master of Saint Iames and Auis Duke of Coimbra Lord of Auero and Montemajor the old who was brought vp openly as the Kings sonne by his Aunt the Infanta Donna Ioane a Nunne in the Monasterie of Iesus d'Auero hee was father to Don Iohn Duke of Auero a worthie Prince in our age This King Iohn of whome wee speake was the first King of Portugall that entitled himselfe Lord of Guiney the nauigation into which countrey hee mayntained and continued and builded the Cittie and Castle of Saint George the fort of Tanger and others Hee called a Parlament in the Cittie of Ebora there to receiue the oath of fealtie and homage due to the Kings his progenitors at the same time it happened that Don Fernand Duke of Bragança beeing at his house of Villa-viciosa did search for certaine records and titles of lands with other letters of priuiledge to haue them renewed and confirmed by the new king his Secretarie whome hee employed in this businesse found certaine letters of intelligence and practise in a chest betwixt the Duke his master and the King and Queene of Castile contrarie to his allegeance to King Iohn Wherefore this Secretarie The Duke of Braganzaes practises discouered by his Secretarie whose name was Lope de Figueredo beeing mooued either with zeale towards his Prince or with hope of some good reward did embezil those writings and gaue them to the King who hauing copied them re-deliuered the originall to Figuereda who layd them among the rest of the papers which hee had found his Lord not perceyuing it the Duke neuerthelesse was still fauoured and welcommed by the
yeeld to their mercy Those of the towne hauing vnderstood the Kings resolution by their deputies did say that in regarde they went about to take away the liberty of their persons they were resolued to hang fiue hundred Christian prisoners on the walls and then to come forth euery man with his sword in hand and to dye fighting the King sent them word that if they did put one Christian to death hee would without any mercy put them all to the edge of the sword Those of Malaga once againe sent foureteene Moores of euery quarter of their Citty to the Campe who brought with them a writing which they shewed for an example of the deceased Kings of Castiles clemencie vsed to the subiugated Moores and with great humillity they begged for mercy Diuers of the Lords and Captaines were of opinion to put all that raskally obstinate nation to death who were enemies to the name of a Christian but the Queenes more iust and Christian-like opinion was followed which was to saue all their liues Then the King wrote back to them that their liues were onely granted and no more whereat the Moores being much astonied were at strife amongst themselues some beeing of opinion to make a desperate sally vpon the Christians with their weapons and to set fire on the Citty and all the wealth thereof following the examples of certaine townes of Spaine in antient times but they who thought it better to become slaues did preuaile Thus was the Citty of Malaga yeelded The Citty of Malaga yeelded the great Commander of Leon entring first into it with his troopes in armes by meanes of hostages who seazed vpon the Citty towers and Fortes thereof and hauing disarmed the Moores of all their weapons and munition all people of both sexes and of all ages were assembled in the two base Courts of the Castle of Alcaçauo where most lamentable cryes of Morish men and women were heard lamenting their liberty and goodly Citty lost with their Fortes Towers and Castles which could not defend her Cittizens liues nor giue them buriall after their death Among the multitude twelue renegades Christians were found who serued as spyes for the Moores who were stricken thorow with Darts and so slaine the Christian prisoners were deliuered and sent home to their houses fauoured and rewarded by the Kings Two other Sea townes neere to Malaga were likewise taken and the Moores made slaues by Pedro de Vera whom the King had sent thither After that all things were surely possessed by the Christians in Malaga the Bishops and Clergie made their entrance who performed the accustomed ceremonies purifications dedications with such other solemnities as wee haue heretofore written and the Kings hauing at the same time receiued a Bull from Pope Innocent by the which hee granted them and their successors authority to name and appoint Bishops and other Ecclesiasticall dâ—gnities needfull in the Realme of Granado it was thought fit to restore the Bishops Sea to the Citty of Malaga Don Pedro de Toleno Bishop of Malaga as it had beene in times past and Don Pedro de Toledo was chosen Bishop of the same who was a Channon of Siuill a man of great learning and merit who was confirmed therein by the Pope vnto whom the Kings sent a hundred Moores Gomeres of Affrick for a present and to Queene Ioane of Naples the Kings sister fifty Morish maides and thirty to the Queene of Portugall of all the other slaues the third part of them was diuided among the Lords Knights Gentlemen and Captaines of the Campe an other third part was imployed for the redemption and exchange of Christian Captines and an other third part remained to the Kings towards their great costs and charges sustained in that siege the which lasted three moneths and one day which was the eighteene of August this yeare 1487. The order and gouernement of the Cittie beeing disposed the commaund thereof was giuen to Don Garcia Fernandes Manrique who had beene Corrigidor of Cordoua The Iudges Rectors and Iurates with other Officers of iustice beeing established the goods were distributed to such as were receiued for new inhabitants who were prouided of good and wholesome lawes though fit and necessarie for those times These matters with others beeing dispatched the King and Queene returned victorious and triumphant to Cordoua where they were no sooner arriued but they began to thinke vppon necessarie prouisions for the next yeares warre for seeing they had had so happie successe alreadie they were very loth to giue it ouer by any interruption whatsoeuer In the interim of these great businesses the strifes of diuers Arragonois did still trouble the Kings eares for that in regard of his long absence all appeales comming before the Magistrate whom they call Iustice of Arragon all euident wrongs excesses and outrages committed by the great ones were with partialitie drawne out in length The Kings left Cordoua and came to Sarragossa where they assembled the Estates to redresse those insolencies which were complayned of The Estates beeing perswaded by the Vice-chancellor of the Kingdome whom the King had appoynted to speake vnto them did relinquish diuers poynts of their pretended rights and liberties and did suffer many things to be reformed and namely they were content to establish the Courts of iustice of the Hermandades or brotherhoods Hermandades in Arragon after the manner of Castile a most profitable and necessarie matter for the whole countrie and did besides that obtaine great subsidies of money for the King towards the wars of Granado Inquisition in Arragon And because the Inquisition brought great profite to the Kings coffers in Castile of the goods of the Iewes and Moores which were reuolted to their foolish superstitions it was decreed that like proceeding should be vsed against them in Arragon and Iudges appointed to make their definitiue sentence One of the sayd Commissioners had like to haue beene slayne by those manner of people on a morning in the Church of Sarragossa which gaue them occasion to enquire more diligently of such as were faulty wherein choller greedinesse of gaine and desire to fill the kings coffers made them greatly to exceed the which the practise of their successours at this day can very well witnesse the obstinate were burned and those which did reconcile themselues or were in any fault at all were fleeced to the very quicke The Kings passing into the Realme of Valencia which was troubled with the same diseases did call the Estates to Orihuela where they made diuers goodly Edicts Whilest the Court lay at Valencia there entred into Cattalonia an Ambassador from the French king Charles the eighth sent to King Fernand who sent to meete him and to let him vnderstand that vnlesse he brought with him the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon he might returne from whence hee came King Fernand refuseth to heare or see the French Ambassadour and for ought that the Ambassadour could say or do he
the first session they were so mockt by the people receiued so many indignities as they were forced to transferre the councell of Pisa to Milan where they had neither more honor nor better vsage notwithstanding that they were in the French kings dominion where they held their second session the Cardinall of Saint Croix a Spaniard being president where they attended the prelates of Germany and the Emperors embassadors in vaine but they wanted not excuses These seeds of warre being cast among christians Order of the conception of Nunnes Pope Iulio doing his duâ—ty in matters of religion he confirmed the new order of the conception of Nunnes instituted in the citie of Toledo some yeares before by one of the ladies of Queene Isabell who was second wife to king Iohn the 2 her name was D. Beatrix de Silua of Portugal who being suspected by her mistresse for that by reason of her great beauty many courted her and there grew dailie quarrels among the courtiers she was put in prison where being kept three daies in teares and heauines without bread or drinke shee was moued to make a vow of chastity and for this cause they say the virgin Mary appeared vnto her in the habit which the Nunnes doe now weare that is a blew cloake and a white hood and did comfort her Being out of prison and going to Toledo with an intent to be a religious woman there appeared two Franciscane friers vnto her which sight made her think that they were sent to coÌ„fesse her then she shold be put to death but these fathers told her that she should be the mother of many daughters declaring vnto her the spirituall vnderstaÌ„ding of it that it should be of many religious women then they vanished wherfore she going on her way being come to Toledo she put herselfe into the monasterie of religious women of S. Dominike the royal where she remained 30 yeres in a secular habit liuing holily afterwards she remoued with 12 nuns to a place where now S. Foy is which in former times was called the palace of galiena being desirous to institute an order in honor of the virgin Mary and there she remained with her company by the permission of the queen D. Isabella wife to the king D. Ferdinand now raigning vntill that the habit was confirmed vnto them by Pope Innocent the eight the office of the conception vnder the rule of Cristeaux without any other new order in the which hauing coÌ„tinued some time they ioyned with the Nunnes of Saint Peter de las Duegnas of the order of Saint Benet making a medley of the rules of the Benedictins Bernardines vntill that Cardinall Francis Ximenes then prouinciall of the Franciscans and generall reformer in Spaine made them to leaue the rules of Saint Bennet and Saint Bernard and to take the habit and the Office of the conception vnder the rule of Saint Clare putting them into the monasterie which at this day is called of the Conception which was woont to bee the conuent of Franciscane Friers transported by reason of them to S. Iohn des Rois. There this yere 1511 Pope Iulio confirmed them in their own rule and order of the conception leauing that of S. Clare This yere all the coast of Affrike was terrified vpon the brute of the great preparation which had been made in Spain to inuade them The king of Tremessen sent his embassadors to king Ferdinand to offer him vassalage and a tribute of 13000 double ducats of gold payable in the citie of Oran In Spain there died D. Beatrix of Bouadilla Marquesse of Moya and soone after her husband D. Andrew de Cabrera The yeare one thousand fiue hundred and twelue following king Ferdinand hauing vndertaken the Popes defence hee commanded D. Raymond of Cardoua viceroy of Naples appointed generall of the holy league to ioyne his forces with the Popes and Venetians the which was done at Imola where they made the body of the army in the which was Legate for the Pope Cardinall Iohn of Medicis of the title of Sancta Maria in Dominica Theseforces entring into Lombardie in a manner all that the duke of Ferrara held on this side Po yeelded vnto the league without any force but La Bastie which the earle 〈◊〉 Nauarro tooke and then they camped before Bolonia but Gaston of Foix duke of Nemours a gallant young nobleman comming to releâ—ue it the army of the league was forced to retyre to Imola On the other side the Venetians tooke Bresse but not the Castle and Bergamo with other places were yeelded vnto them but the duke of Nemours comming to succour the castle of Bresâ—e hee encountred Iohn Paul Bâ—illon vpon the way with part of the Venetian army and put them to rout and then hee entred the towne and put eight thousand Venetians and inhabitants to the sword Exploits of Gaston of Foix. hee tooke Andrew Gritti their commander prisoner with Anthonie Iustinien and other men of great quality and soone after recouered Bergamo and all the places which the Venetians had taken In the meane time king Ferdinand prepared a fleet in the ports of Biscaye and Guipuscoa to assaile France vpon the coast of Guienne hauing induced the king of England to reuiue the old quarrell who at the persuasion of the Popes embassador had made an assemblie of the Prelates of his realme and promised to send to the Councell of Latran and for a greater demonstration of his hatred hee caused the French embassadors which did reside in his court to dislodge 25 During these troubles Nauarre the king D. Iohn and the Queene D. Catherine of Nauarre his wife did enioy their realme in peace since the expulsion of the earle of Lerin the Constable and of Lewis of Beaumont his sonne with others of that faction then all their care was to restore it to the ancient estate and the places reunited which were disstracted and held by the king of Castille for the which and to demaund other rights which they pretended they had sent many embassadors to king Ferdinand who had returned with good hope to obtaine what they demanded or the greater part wherefore they sent againe doctor Iohn of Iassu Seigniour of Pauierre Ladron of Monleon and the Protonotarie Martin of Iaureguisar who were of the councel with ample instructions to capitulate compound and end all their pretentions in this form That they should intreat the king of Arragon Embassage of Nauarre to king Ferdinand Regent of Castille that if he made any accord with the French king the kings of Nauarre might be comprehended That the embassadors should make great instance to king Ferdinand that the townes of Saint Vincent Sos Arcos Garde and Bernedo and moreouer the places of Sosierra held by him and the crowne of Castille might bee restored vnto them according vnto the will of the deceased Queene D. Isabella at her death as places belonging to the Crowne of Nauarre That in like maner
other profits of the Crowne as they had beene accustomed so as they did remaine in the citie of Pampelone 4 That the wages of Counsellors and Presidents of justice Auditors of the royall accounts and other officers and magistrats of the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine should be paied them with condition that they should remaine in Pampelone 5 That the inhabitants of Pampelone should remaine faithfull seruants to the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane and in regard thereof they should enjoy their goods mouable and immouable rights and auncient priuiledges And in like manner those which had followed the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine if within thirtie dayes they did returne into the countrey 6 That the inhabitants of Pampelone should not be bound to lodge any one without paying for it no more than they of Saragosse Valencia and Barcellona 7 That all knights and gentlemen which within thirtie dayes should submit themselues to the seruice of the kings D. Ferdinand and queene Ioane should be well and honourably intreated in their persons and goods and not called in question for any crime formerly committed in the time of the dissentions and factions of Beaumont and Gramont 8 That when they should goe vnto the warre their priuiledges and rankes touching their persons and qualities should be maintained as in the time of precedent kings 9 That the rights of prouisions of victuals silkes money and other things due by the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine to their officers citizens of Pampelone which came to serue the kings of Castille should be paied them so as it were duely verified 10 That if any of these articles were prejudiciall to any one the judgement thereof should be referred to the kings of Castille D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane his daughter Many other heads were propounded whereof some were granted and others sent backe vnto the king and his counsell but these were the most remarkable the which were promised and sworne by the duke of Alua in the name and with the consent of the kings of Castille the foure and twentieth of Iulie in the presence of D. Lewis of Beaumont the constable D. Antonio of Acugna bishop of Cuenca Pedro Lopes of Padilla Ferdinand Sâ—arez of Toledo and other knights And notwithstanding that the duke had promised not to enter into the citie vntill the next day least it should be reproached vnto them That they had yeelded before they had seene the enemie yet the earle of Lerin who was constable of Nauarre entred the same day being the foure and twentieth and the fiue and twentieth the duke with the rest of the armie Duke of Alua enters into Pampelone Thus the kings D. Iohn and Q. Katherine were spoyled of their realme of Nauarre which they had held together eighteene yeares and a halfe and the queene almost ten yeares alone after the death of her brother Francis Phoebus Vnion of Castille and Nauarre by conquest From the 25 of Iulie 1512 being S. Iames day Nauarre was vnited to the Crowne of Castille 468 yeares after that it had beene diuided from it in the time and by the death of the king D. Sancho the great After the yeelding of the chiefe citie the duke of Alua caused the other places of strength within the realme to be summoned to yeeld promising that in so doing they should be intreated with the like clemencie to Pampelone if not he would pursue them with fire and sword as sectaries to princes who were declared schismatikes and heretikes In the beginning some townes seemed difficult but hauing better considered of their affairs the townes of Lumbier Sanguesse Montreal Olite and Tafalla with the citie of Tudele yeelded yet the castle thereof held good for the kings that were expelled Denis of Desa faithfull to king Iohn of Albret Denis of Desa a gallant knight and a good seruant to his masters commaunding therein They of the vallie of Roncal and of the vallie of Amescoa trusting in the naturall force of their mountainous countrey made no account to yeeld King Ferdinand being at Burgos hearing the successe of this conquest sent supplies of men to the duke of Alua And the better to justifie his actions he sent D. Antonio of Acugna bishop of Zamora embassador into France to king Iohn offering him That if he would quit the friendship and alliance of king Lewis he would restore his realme to him againe The bishop came not to king Iohn for notwithstanding the prerogatiue of embassadors King Ferdinands embassador arrested in Bearn he was staied prisoner in Bearn from whence he parted not but for a great ransome Vpon this excesse the duke of Alua was readie to passe into Bearn to be reuenged of the wrong done vnto the king his master and to his embassador but seeing the towns of Tudele Olite Tafalla and Estella begin to be somewhat moued at the brute of king Iohns comming with a French armie he remained in Nauarre where hauing ordered matters in such sort as they seemed secure he assembled the chiefe men of Pampelone in the monasterie of S. Francis where hauing made a long discourse vnto them to justifie the conquest which his master had made of that realme he required them to take an oath to king Ferdinand and they demaunded three dayes respite to consider thereon which being expired they said That they were content to take an oath as subjects Difference betwixt a vasâ—all and a subiect but not as vassals And what difference demaunded the duke make you betwixt vassals and subjects He said they is to be vnderstood a vassall whom the lord may intreat well or ill at his pleasure but the subject ought to be well intreated by him Then the duke hauing shewed them that they should not doubt but the king would intreat them well and fauourably in all things he alledged many reasons which induced them to take this oath acknowledging king Ferdinand for their king who parting from Burgos came vnto Logrogno neere to Nauarre where he staied the remainder of that yere to prouide for the defence of this new conquest This yeare died D. Pascall Castille of the Order of the preaching friers bishop of Burgos at Rome D. Iohn of Fonseca bishop of Palence and superintendent of the affaires of the Indies was preferred in his place D. Iohn of Velasco bishop of Calaorra had that of Palence and D. Iohn Castellan of Vilalua came to that of Calaorra he was brother to the colonell Valalua D. Valerio Alphonso Ordognes of Villaquiran bishop of Ouiedo died also and his bishopricke was giuen to D. Diego of Muros who was bishop of Mondognedo he who did found the colledge of S. Saâ—ior in the Vniuersitie of Salamanca which hath the name of Ouiedo 1512 the bishopricke of Mondognedo was giuen to D. Diego of Villamuriel President of the Chauncerie of Granado 29 King Ferdinands affaires standing in these termes in Europe the Spaniards remayning at the Indies at the
well our dueties we will doe him the honour and reuerence that belongs vnto him that we haue no other king but Cesar The prince Charles was not yet chosen emperor but that 〈◊〉 was taken as a presage of his future election The first care of cardinall Ximeâ—â—s was to make an agreement with doctor Adrian who had brought letters and authoritie from prince Charles by the which he declared him his lieutenant in case that the king D. Ferdinand should die during his legation in 〈◊〉 The accord was thus made Accord for the gouernement of Spaine that vntill they had other newes from prince Charles they should ioyntly signe all dispatches After which they were to pacifie a trouble that was of no small consequence for D. 〈…〉 called the Deafe brother to the duke of Escalona the stemme of the Marquesse of Villeneâ—â—â— at this day had obtained after the decease of the great captaine who aspired to the mastership of S. Ieams bulls and prouision from the pope of that mastership did sollicite the commanders of the Ordâ—â— to assemble togither to recieue him Contention for the mastership of S. Ieams but prince Charles during his grandfâ—â—hers life had also obtained a later prouision by the â—eans of D. Bernâ—rdin of 〈◊〉 of all these three masterships in his person and it is most certaine that king Ferdinand was not 〈…〉 that he would haue giuen them to the infant D. Ferdinand The cardinall being advertised of these things he sent with the aduise of doctor Adriâ—â— and the Councel 〈◊〉 one of the Alcaides of the court with letters 〈…〉 this assembly of the commaunders whereunto they obeyed euen 〈◊〉 himselfe who desisted from his enterprise This Cardinall had a watchfull eie upon the actions of the Infant D. Ferdinand and of those which did gouerne him lâ—â—ing alwayes neere vnto his person Prouidence of Cardinal Ximenes for the a peace of Spaine for he feared lest the noblemen of Castille who desired som alteration in the state would corrunt him and make vse of his name He prouided in such sort for queene Germaine in this beginning to whom all things were difficult that shee might not want money for the entertainment of her house and royall dignities The place of residence for the councel was chosen at Madrid for that it was commodiâ—â—â— for the 〈◊〉 being not farre from his archbishopricke of Toledo from whence they 〈◊〉 Peter of Câ—mpreal Rengifo of Auila to carrie news vnto prince Charles of the 〈…〉 of the king his grandfather and of all that past since The prince was 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 where he had 〈…〉 bred vp and his brother D. 〈◊〉 in Spainâ— the one instructed in the 〈◊〉 fashions of the Flemings the other in thoâ—â— of Spaine which 〈◊〉 the Spaniard◠〈◊〉 cheâ—â—â—â— the yonger more and did much trouble the Cardinall 〈◊〉 The chiefeâ—â—â— which at that time did gouern the person of prince Charles 〈…〉 of Bourgondie and afterwards Chauncellour the Lord of Cheures and Laxatâ—â— Chamberlaines Laurence Gorrebot great master and Charles of Lannoy Master of the Horse Hee had a Phisition of Milâ—n called Peter Marlian a learned man and of great experience who was the inuentor of that Mott Plâ—â— vltra the which prince Charles vsed betwixt Hercules pillers hee was afterwards bishop of Tuy but against the will of cardinall Ximenes The lord of Cheures was of greatest authority about the prince hauing bred him vp hee was so hated of King Ferdinand as a little before his death in a certaine treaty made with doctour Adrian hee would haue it expresly reserued that Cheures should be chased away Cheures gouernour to prince Charles the which did much discontent him who for that cause conceiued a great hatred against doctor Adrian but hee was forced to yeeld that to the King that hee might winne his loue to prince Charles for hee sawe his intent was to debase him to aduaunce the Infant D. Ferdinand if hee could Of Spaniards D. Iohn Manuel was in some credite in the court of Flaunders a flatterer and breeder of debate betwixt King Ferdinand and Philip of Austria his sonne in lawe for the which hee was put in prison by the lady Marguerite gouernesse of Flaunders but after the kings death hee was presently set at libertie by prince Charles D. Antonio of Estuniga brother to the duke of Bejar was also honoured in that Court D. Pedro Portocarrero sonne to him that was deafe of whom wee haue spoken D. Lewis of Cordoua D. Alphonso Mantiques the bishop of Badajos and Pedro Mota archbishoppe of Seuile a famous preacher and Secretary to the prince Such was the estate of his Court when hee receiued newes of the death of the king his grandfather for the which hee shewed a griefe befitting nature and the neerenesse of bloud that was betwixt them hee commended him for the election which hee had made of the cardinall Francis Ximenes and did write vnto the Infant his brother to the widow Queene and to the councell giuing them hope that hee would bee soone in Spaine In his first letters to the Gouernours and the Councell hee did intitle himselfe Prince but some of the Councell of Flanders seeing Queene Ioane weake of her sences and to bee but a vaine maske of royall dignitie they were of opinion that hee should take the title of King the which hee did for that said hee it was conformable to the custome of the princes of Flaunders and Germanie Title of King allowed in Castille to prince Charles during his mothers life but not in Arragon and that it was the aduice of the Emperour Maximilian and of Pope Leo the which was not well liked of in Spaine notwithstanding seeing hee had once taken it it would haue beene dishonourable to haue left it and therefore hee continued this title the cardinall Ximenes causing the rest to allow of it and thereupon they did aduaunce the Standard and Armes of the new King Charles in the towne of Madrid The Arragonois strict defenders of their Lawes would neuer allow of this title of King during the life of Queene Ioane of whom D. Alphonso of Arragon archbishoppe of Saragosse was gouernor 18 Whilest these things were done at Madrid by cardinall Ximenes there grew new tumults Quarrell betwixt Pedro Giron and the duke of Medina Sidonia the which did first disquiet Andalusia and afterwards all the Prouinces of Spaine The chiefe of this tumult was D. Pedro Giron eldest sonne to the earle of Vregna who entred the countrey of the duke of Medina Sidonia with forces and besieged Luzero a sea towne with an intent to seaze vpon the whole Duchieâ— if hee could And this was the cause of his enterprise D. Iohn of Guzman duke of Medina Sidonia married two sisters successiuely one after an other daughters to the Duke of Bejar by the first hee had two children D. Henrie and D. Mentia and by the second one sonne called D. Aluaro D.
did not chase him away the which they did with the helpe which Horusco Barberousse gaue them To couer his designe which was to subdue them he counselled them to draw a nephew of the kings whom they had chased away out of prison hauing beene long kept in yrons by him and to make him king the which they had a will to effect But this tyrant seeing them to proceed slowly and hee impatient and blinded with ambition slue this young prince and sought to seise vpon the citie in despight of the inhabitants whereof he slue many of the principals which was his ruine for the dispossessed king was called home and had meanes to recouer his kingdome with the forces of Spaine which he obtained easily He pursued his aduersarie so as he forced him to flie into the mountaine of Abez vpon the confines of Bugia to shut himselfe in a castle where being besieged necessitie forced him forth to fight where he was vanquished slain and his head caried to Tremessen froÌ„ thence into Spaine to the great contentment of the Moores and Spaniards for he was a subtile and dangerous enemie Pride growing through prosperitie ruined him But Haradin gouerned himselfe more discreetly and did manage his fortune with more honour Thus we see that those which hazard themselues in daungerous enterprises doe most commonly miscarrie and make such as follow after them wise by their rashnesse to whom they haue made the way Haradin by the death of his brother remaining lord of Alger one of the best ports of all Africke he was no more held a pyrat but a prince and withall a great captaine at sea so as Sultan Solyman Emperour of Constantinople made his Bassa and his Admirall with whose incomparable forces he made himselfe a terrour to all the countries of Europe Asia and Africke which lay vpon the sea where hauing taken infinit booties and spoyled many townes in the end he made himselfe master of the citie and realme of Tunes in the yeare 1535 by this occasion A little before there had raigned in Tunes Mahomet Abdul Hedi stemme of the last king of Tunes descended from Abdul Hedi who was a Moore of Andaluzia borne at Seuile he was wise and discreet and being made by the king of Marroc gouernour of the citie of Tunes which had rebelled and had beene taken againe and punished he following the example of many others had made himselfe lord of his gouernement when as after the battell of Muradat in Spaine woon by the Christians there was a generall reuolt in Africke against the Almohades Emperours and great Miralmumins of the Moores and Alarabes at Marroc This Mahomet issued from this race had had many children by many wiues who seeing himselfe old and desirous to prouide a successor to his realme after his owne humor for certaine considerations he made choyce of the youngest of all called Hascen whom hee had by an Arabian woman called Gezia and would haue him succeed him to the Crowne It is this Muley Hascen for whose restitution the Emperour was persuaded to lead an armie into Africke This jealous prince was no sooner seated in the royall throne but he put Mamon his elder brother to death and after dispatcht all his other brethren and kinsmen these be the fruits of Polygamie in the followers of Mahomet their Prophet Arraxide onely escaped and fled to Bixacara a towne of Numidia where with the aid of certaine Xecques or lords Numidians hee gathered some forces together to inuade Muley Hascen but it was in vaine wherefore he had recourse to Haradin Barberousse king of Alger who hauing receiued him courteously aduised him to go with him to Constantinople to informe the great Turke of his misfortunes promising to present him vnto him and to doe him all fauour and good offices Being come to Solymans Court Barberousse was presently dispatcht with a good number of gallies well furnished with souldiers to come to Tunes giuing it out that hee carried backe Arraxide to make him king who notwithstanding was stayed at Constantinople Muley Hascen a paracide couetous voluptuous iniurious and a coward amazed at this great preparation of armes which came to assayle him staied not but fled to his kinsmen by the mothers side Ismael and Dorar Alarabas of the linage of Vled Aixa which are a member of Vled Yahaya of those which led a vagabond life in the plaines and desarts of Africke and Numidia a mightie people but disloyall and of no friendship Finding not such succours there as he expected he followed the aduice of a Genouois renegado called Ximaa which was to imploreayd of the Emperor Charles and this Genouois was he which made a voyage into Spaine who could so persuade the Emperour and season his request with liuelie reasons and infinit promises as he obtained that which he pretended which was To persuade the Emperor and his counsel that it was both profitable and necessarie for him to restore Muley Hascen to his realm Euery one weighing the importance of this businesse and foreseeing how it might prejudice Italie and Spaine if the Turkes which did alreadie hold many ports vpon the coast of Barbarie should set footing into Tunes a great and mightie citie fit for the situation which is neere vnto the ruines of old Carthage sometimes concurring in power with the Romans to make ordinarie and prejudiciall impressions in that State Barberousse who had found the place void of souldiers or Commander did easily seise vpon the towne castle and fort of Goulette which stands on the entrie of the lake which the Sea makes there 1535 But hee did not thinke the Christians had taken this so ill as hee found by experience and therefore hee was not so carefull to prouide all things necessarie to preserue such a conquest against the power which the emperor brought who as soone as this honorable enterprise was concluded hee did aduertise all Christian princes and inuited them to contribute men money and ships to this warre whether hee would goe in person The rendesâ—vous was appointed at the port of Cailleri in Sardynia Forces of the Emperour at his going to Tunes whether the emperour came with the galleys of Spain those of Genoua and the particular galleys of Andrew Doria D. Iohn king of Portugal sent him twenty galleys and one great gallion vnder the command of D. Lewis his Brother The Pope armed nine galleys at Genoua at his owne charge of the which Paul Iustinian had the command and Virgilio Vrsino earle of Anguilare had the leading of the soldiers that were in them And hee suffered him to leuie the tenths of the Clergie of Spaine The knights of Malta sent foure galleys All which ioyned at Cailleri where before the emperors comming there arriued the royall galleys of Naples and Sicile with many galliots and foists armed by the noblemen of Naples and Sicile at their owne charge in which the Marques of Guast was traÌ„sported with the old Spanish souldiers which
be setled againe at Trent The Princes and States of the empire being assembled at Ausbourge did also write verie earnestly vnto the Pope beseeching him to cause his Legats to returne to Trent and to contiâ—ue the Councel there vnlesse he wold spoile that which had bin well begun The Pope referred it to the fathers that were at Bolonia who could not be induced to retract that which they had resolued by a common consent and as it were said they by the inspiration of the holy Ghost The emperour being discontented at the Popes obstinacie thought to finde some meanes to reconcile the controuersies in Religion without attending a councell any longer for the which hee caused a booke to be made which he called Interin containing in substance all the doctrine of the church of Rome the ceremonies thereof and to giue occasion to the Protestants to receiue it they were allowed to communicat vnder both kindes Interiâ— of the emperor reiected by the Pope and Protestants and for Preests to marrie It was censured by the Pope in those two articles and was reiected by some of the ProtestaÌ„t Princes but afterwards the Councel was returned againe to Trent after the death of Paul the third vnder Pope Iulio the third 8 The emperour being come this yeare 1550 one thousand fiue hundred and fiftie out of the Netherlands Sedition at Peru for the gouernment to an imperiall assembly at Ausbourge doctor D. Pedro Guasca being newly come from Peru where he had commanded foure yeares came vnto him to giue an accompt of his gouernment of the fruits whereof hee brought him a great summe of gold the which did much further his affaires This man by his wisdome and good gouernment had ended the sedition and rebellion of the Pizares in that countrie which had continued many yeares much vnpleasing to the emperour and therefore he was verie welcome wherefore I haue thought it conuenient to make a breefe relation of the whole action Wee haue formerly made mention of the quarrell betwixt Francis Pizarro and Iames of Almagra either of them seeking to command ambitiously ouer his companion in that rich countrie which they happily conquered with mutuall duetie and their common armes wherein they had gotten great honour if they could haue mainteined themselues but they grew into factions and to ciuill warre pretending nothing lesse in the end then to make themselues absolute Lords and it hapned after many attempts and enterprises to the preiudice one of another that Francis Pizarro had beene vanquished in a great incounter in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie two and his brother Ferdinand taken who notwithstanding was soone after set at libertie yet not without great difficulty Hauing afterwards repaired their forces and comming againe to fight the misfortune fell vpon Almagro who being led to Cusco hee was there publikely but vniustly beheaded by the commaundement of Ferdinand Pizarro who was a little before his prisoner The son of Iames of Almagra carrying the same name born in that couÌ„try of an Indian woman desirous to reuenge the vniust death of his father found meanes to come by night into Lima otherwise called the towne of kings where hee surprised Francis Pizarro and a brother of his and cut their throates in their owne lodging and if Gonsaluo Pizarro their other brother had beene there Francis Pizarro murthered hee had past the same way but hee was gone to make warre at Quintoa in the prouince of Cauclane Gonsaluo being aduertised of this accident hapned to his bretheren brought backe his Souldiers and beganne to make a cruell pursuite against young Iames of Almagra and hee on the other side to make head against him so as the whole Countrie was for some yeares miserably afflicted with these factions vntill that the emperour sent a gouernour thither with some forces called Vasco de Castro who did somewhat suppresse these seditions going first against Iames of Almagra whome hee beseeged in Cusco forcing the Inhabitants to deliuer him hee causing his head to bee cut off without any long processe Ferdinand Pizarro who had put his father to the like death beeing come at that time into Spaine with great treasure it may bee for that hee would not bee in Peru at the comming of Vasco de Castro and giue an accompt vnto him of his actions was there committed to prison in the Castle of Medina where sometime after at the instance of the kings Atturney generall and vpon the accusations which were sent from the Indies his processe being made hee was condemned to loose his head and the chiefe reason was for that hee had vniustly and rashly put Iames of Almagra the father to death It is said that through the quarrels of these mutines vnto that time there had perished one hundred and fiftie thousand Indians sometimes taking part with the one sometimes with the other By the death of the heads it seemed the troubles had beene ended and supprest there remaining none but Gonsaluo Pizarro who kept himselfe close but the change of the Gouernour made them greater than before For it seeming to the emperour or to the chiefe of his Councell that Vasco de Castro was not fit to gouerne that prouince of Peru hee called him home and sent Vasco Nugnes de Velez in his place with so absolute and seuere a Commission as seeking to execute it he caused in a maner all the Spaniards that were in that countrie to reuolt with the Indians hauing for the first act of his Tragedie declared all them guiltie of treason which had carried armes were it for the Pizarres or the Almagras Sentence in considerate and vniust not considering how farre this generalitie did extend for among all the Spaniards which dwelt at Peru and the souldiers entertained there since the Conquest therof for the emperours seruice there was not any one which had not followed some one of the parties wherefore there were infinite appellations to the Councell of Spaine and to the emperour whereunto the new gouernour refusing to yeeld and stopping their passage into Spaine which were deputed to carrie the justifications of so many men that were condemned Gonsaluo Picarro head of the rebels they were forced to rebell chosing Gonsaluo Pizarro for their Captaine the which he willingly accepted being already incensed for the death of his brethren but especially for Ferdinand whom they had beheaded in Spaine beginning to make sharpe warre against Vasco Nugnes and them that followed him in the which a great number of his old Spanish souldiers perished This new gouernour although he were vnfortunate in his exploits and enterprises yet he continued in his seueritie or rather insolency so as such as were about him appointed to be his couÌ„sellors by the emperor were forced to lay hold of him deliuer him to the custody of Iohn Aluares for that he had slain William Suares of Caruajal with his own haÌ„d for some priuat hatred hauing an intent to send
Prouinces of the west Indies From thence hee sent Hinoiosa to Caxamalcan to commaund the troups which were there assembled and himselfe came with the armie to Truxillo appoynting them all a time to come in the valley of Sansaua Gonsaluo Pizarro beeing come to Arequipa hee found not any creature there for all were gone to ioyne with Ceutons troupes who aduanced to fight with him the which hee did Victorie of Pizarro but to his owne losse for hee was defeated and forced to flie hauing three hundred and foure score souldiers slaine vpon the place with some captaines and almost as many taken prisoners with which Pizarro fortified his army distributing them among his bands and of his part there were onely one hundred men slaine By this good successe some others were induced to runne the same fortune with him he promising them great recompences so as holding his forces to be sufficient hee returned towards Cusco with an intent to fight with the imperiall army wheresoeuer hee should find it Army imperiall pursuing Pizarro the which beeing assembled in the valley of Sansaua there were found to be sixteene hundred harquebuziers fiue hundred pikes and seuen hundred horse Spaniards whereof the captaines were Peter Alphonso of Hinoiosa commaunding in qualitie of Generall Aluaredes marshall of the campe Doctor Caruaial Pedro of Vlloa and other Captaines Gabriel de Roias was master of the artillerie The leaders of the horsemen were Pedro Cabrera Gomes of Aluarado Iohn Sauedra Iames Mora Ferdinand Mexia Roderigo Salezar and Alphonso Mendosa all which had reuolted from Pizarro The President had for his councell the Archbishop of the towne of Kings Thomas S. Martin prouinciall of the preaching friers with many others Peter Valduuia gouernour of the Prouince of Chiliane came and ioyned with his armie a man of great experience in matters of warre worthie to be opposed against Francis Caruaial who was the most redoubted captaine the enemy had and in the end vnfortunate Ceuton came and ioyned with them with about fortie horse Being all together they marched towards Cusco whither they vnderstood that Gonsaluo Pizarro was come with his army The Countrey by the which the imperialls did march was rough desart and without victualles so as they suffered much vntill they came to Andaguara where the Countrey is peopled and furnished with victualles and other commodities wherefore they stayed long there for that they would not be consumed with trauell and the tediousnesse of the winter if the enemie should seeke to prolong the warre the which he might easily doe hauing the towne of Cusco and the riuer which passeth by the valley of Seguisagrane at his deuotion In the Spring time of the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie and eight the President caused his army to dislodge from Andaguara and crossed many narrow passages of the mountaines without any difficultie and many riuers whereas Pizarro might haue annoyed them much if hee had not beene negligent and then came and lodged vpon the declining of the hilles in a discommodious place aboue the valley of Seguisagrane in the which Pizarro was camped who wanted not any thing hauing the towne and riuer behind him at his commaundement whereas the imperialls suffered much hunger cold and other discommoditities yet notwithstanding the President did forbeare to fight being aduertised that a good number of the Spaniards that were with Pizarro did but watch an oportunitie to abandon him and to reuolt which he desired might be before they did fight that he might haue the weaker opposition But they could not temporize long in that bad lodging whereas the cold which was great in that season did so benumme the souldiers as they could scarce hold their armes and also for the neerenesse of the two armies which were daily in skirmish so as they were forced to come to a generall battell the which was soone ended For the ordnance was scarce discharged but many of Pizarros armie disbanded openly Defeat of Pizarro among which were Doctor Câ—peda Garci Lazo de la Vega and Alphonso Peres Hita captaines and all the souldiers which remained at the rout of Ceuton went away in one squadron to the imperialls which made the rest retire and to flie the battell some going towards the citie of Cusco which was fiue leagues off and others to other places they that were most affected to Gonsaluo and most guiltie remained about him who being foure in number were of opinion to cast themselues into their enemâ—es troups and to die fighting valiantly rather than to be led bound to an ignomimious death but Gonsaluo told them that seeing Fortune had turned her backe it were better to die Christianlike acknowledging their faults than to perish like pagans in such vanities Being then enuironed by the imperiall horsemen he yielded his armes to Pedro de Vlloa great Prouost of the armie who led him before the President by whom hee was much blamed for his obstinacie yet hee shewed himselfe nothing deiected but answered resolutely to whatsoeuer was demaunded Being giuen in gard to Iames de Ceuton he was for some daies well and modestly intreated not suffering any one to disquiet him either in word or deed All the other Commaunders were in a manner taken that day either with Gonsaluo or in the pursuite except Francis Caruaial who was afterwards found and deliuered by his owne souldiers being hidden among the reeds in a moore thinking to renue the warre if hee might escape All the rest were somewhat lamented but not hee for hee was exceeding cruell and the chiefe author of Pizarros â—rebellion and it was said that by his inhumane councell Pizarro had caused aboue sixe hundred gentlement to be murthered and thrice as many good souldiers Spaniards with an infinite number of Indians and that he neuer was at the death of anie one but he did reuile him with all the opprobrious words he could inuent The rebelles campe remained a prey to the imperialls whereby they were greatly enriched and to preserue the citie of Cusco from sacke and to containe euery one in his duetie and to preuent reuenges which do commonly follow ciuill victories Ferdinand Mexia and Martin Robles were sent thither with two companies Afterwards the prisoners processes were formally made The chiefe of the rebellion were condemned to die as guiltie of treason Gonsaluo Pizarro had his head cut off the which was for a time set in the market place in the citie of Kings Death of Gonsaluo Pizarro for a publike spectacle with this Inscription This is the head of the Traitor and Tyrant Gonsaluo Pizarro who being rebelled and hauing taken armes in the realme of Peru against the most mightie Emperour Charles the fift his prince was vanquished fighting against the standard royall in the valley of Saguisagrane and hath beene thus worthily punished All his goods were forfeited his proud palace which hee had built in the citie of Cusco was ruined the soile sowed with salt and a pillar erected with
or forced The voluntarie may be contained in the sale of customs offices and other like alienations of commodities and rents That which is forced may in like maner be exemplified in such taxes and ordinarie tributes as are imposed vpon the people with out recompence the first hath in it a kind of sweetnesse for that it is seldome vrged by necessitie wherfore it is requisit to limit the other kind by this and when necessitie requires rather to sel offices rents than to inuent any new grieuāces to the people I haue many times resolued with my self to deale after this maner but haue euer bin diuerted by occurrents from bringing into my state that custom of selling of offices and making magistrates for life which is vsed in the court of Rome for it is a matter of great import a means to bring a sudden gain into the princes purse for the next vacatiō either by remoue imploiment or death yeeldeth as much or very little lesse than the ordinarie rent which by their accompt is to bee answered No doubt this was a course of great consideration and of especiall commoditie to the superiour as may bee gathered by this reason of experience That the Popes in how great pouertie soeuer they finde the Church at their first entrie to the Sea yet they neuer want meanes to procure money after the first beginning of their gouernment It is true that in the Court of Rome as it should seeme the sale of Offices which haue annexed vnto them ordinarie administration of justice brings not so great danger vnto the State as it would doe in other Realmes for that auarice is not the chiefe obiect in that place of mens intents but rather hope to raise themselues to greater honour from this ground and accesse at all times vnto the Pope vpon this occasion which carrieth with it many other especiall commodities But the Princes of the world may in like manner deuise to set ambition in the eye of Officers as the obiect and end of their offer to buie Offices by rewarding such as carrie themselues well with great honours and disgracing those that shall deale otherwise By this meanes you may change the object of your Officers from couetousnesse to a desire of rule and to supply the humours of authoritie which is alwaies accessarie to Ambition The second meanes to seeke reliefe from the subiect which I tearmed forced is heauie and odious yet by the good discretion of Ministers which deale in those affaires and by the presidents of other countries lying neere about where they are oppressed by their Gouernours this griefe may bee much qualified The Prince in this case may doe much good vnto himselfe by giuing easie accesse vnto his person when occasion doth serue for hee must take a fit time to acquaint them with his occasions hee must seeke in some fort to free himselfe of their hard conceite and ease the other part by fauours of an other kinde hee must justifie his actions in the iudgement of the world eyther by prouing the cause of this grieuance to bee verie vrgent or colouring the same so cunningly as it may at the least appeare so or endeuouring to send some away satisfied if it bee possible This not voluntarie or forced way is subdiuided into two other parts into perpetuall burthens as customes or temporarie as subsidies and this later at the time of the first imposing makes people to grieue for a while in respect of the paine which pincheth them but this greefe cannot long endure for that one instant and one paiment freeth them especially if the prince make protestation of his vnwillingnesse and with all make apparent to the peoples meane capacitie the necessarie cause that vrgeth him thereunto The other kind is farre more grieuous and offensiue albeit in time the people grow better acquainted with that course and beare it as well as they can for that there is no remedie Sodaine impositions although they seeme grieuous at the first yet by a prince whose lineall succession is not well setled ought to bee preferred as potions which are more sharp and yet more quicke in operation are before those that are more gentle yet long and tedious in curing the sicke and the rather in this case for that Princes cosers are suddenly replenished Aboue all things you must haue a great care that during the leuie of this aid your Officers adde nothing to the burthen either by extremitie discurtesie or demaund of fees for we find daily that by such extraordinarie extortions men are more incensed in respect of the wrong and violence then with the principall which is disbursed for the satisfaction of their Soueraigne The subiect is much impouerished by this hard course and yet the Prince reapes no benefit thereby nay when hee shall haue need to craue a new supply and aide from them hee findes them more feeble and lesse able to relieue his wants Rents increase by raising new impositions vpon occasion by bettering the trade by reducing forfeitures to the princes pleasure by limiting all necessarie charges and cutting off such as are superfluous The field of raising new rents is exceeding large yet the prince is bound to walke in it with all possible respect so farre as it concernes the peoples grieuance hee must especially abstaine from imposing of heauie customs vpon such things as his subiects are inforced to send abroad as Sicile doth graine and the Realme of Naples wine and Silke The like consideration is to bee had of things brought in from foreine parts for the supply of other wants at home for vpon these two reasons experience and time hath grounded the ordinarie traffique that holdeth betwixt countries for their naturall necessities Wherefore in these causes princes ought to haue a care that their reuenues may bee aunswered in a meane rather than by excesse for the more moderate customes are the greater store of needfull things are brought home vnto our doores in respect of the great gaine which marchants make by selling at the second hand and for the like respect the greater store of superfluous things are transported by the subiects into foraine parts By this meanes the rent is raysed farre aboue the measure which a great imposition would yeeld The people want no foraine commodities for their reliefe and yet their purses are filled by the vent of superfluous things at home so as they may be the better able both to satisfie their princes custome and contribute also vpon such reafonable occasions as shall occurre in policie vpon other things which are rather brought in for wantonnesse and pleasure than for necessarie vse a more weightie imposition may bee layed for the estate which may well forbeare these loosse commodities is not damnified thereby if some to satisfie their humors will needs buy it skilleth not though they pay somewhat deerer for their fantasies Besides some are discouraged sometimes with the great price which otherwise would acquaint themselues too much
perturbation he slew his father in law Michel de Roxas and caused some other chiefe Moores to be slaine saying that they would haue betraied him he put away his wife and sware that he would not leaue one of the familie of Roxas aliue the which did purchase him many enemies and he blemished his reputation more when he abandoned the fort of Palerne and all that hee had retiring into the most desart places of the mountaines The marquesse being come to Palerne he took the mother and sisters of the base king with many other womeu of qualitie Moores and set free a great number of Christians that were captiues from thence hee led his armie towards Andarax That of the marquesse of Velez being somewhat repaired was then at Ohanes neere vnto the other where there were many Moores gathered together whom hee did fight withall and disperst and it was thought that the two armies should haue ioyned and that the marquesse of Velez should haue beene sole commaunder whereunto hee did aspire and the souldiers desired it but either of them went his course The marquesse of Mondejar returned to Vxixar One of the goodliest booties of this warre fell into the hands of D. Garcia de Villaroel and of D. Francesco de Cordoâ—a being ioyned with the forces of Almerie Bootie taken from the Moors and others whom they led against the Moores who had fortified at Inox in rockes that were almost inaccessible for hauing dislodged them they found to the value of aboue 500000 crownes but the diuision of this prey bred great dissention among them Profit was the matter they chiefly aymed at that went to this warre except the Marquesse of Mondejar who tended to peace and to saue the Moores that were reuolted soliciting them rather to acknowledge their saules and to shew themselues worthie of pardon than to ruine them by armes and therefore hee was not pleasing to the souldiers Hauing led his armie to Guajares of the iurisdiction of Salobregna whither many Moores had retired themselues and fortified among the rockes and precipices which were they that first receiued the Turks and Moores that came to succour them out of Barbary hee sent to discouer them Defeat of Christians but to their losse that went being in a manner all slaine those of naâ—e and qualitie were Lewis Ponce de Leon Augustin Venegas Gonsalo de Orugna the visitor Ronquillo and Iohn de Villaroel being charged the next day they made great resistance but at night they retired leauing their old men in that lodging with many women and children whom the marquesse being incensed with the losse he had the day before caused to be slaine in his presence contrary to his maner The rocks woods caues beeing vnfurnished of all prouision for victualles were no fit places to entertaine great numbers of Moores Crueltie of the 〈◊〉 of Mandeiar who had such great troups of women children slaues with them as if they had bin prest by arms hunger cold with other necessities would haue forced them often to haue changed their lodgings they that came out of Barbary might easily foresee that the end of their reuolt must needs be death or captiuitie seeing they had no means to prouide better retreats to keepe their goods wiues children nor any good fort neere vnto the sea with victuals and artillery to maintaine a siege at all euents and in the meane time to refresh theÌ„selues there to retire such as were wounded to repaire theÌ„selues after any losse war is maintaind by this means when there is question of any accord it is concluded with better coÌ„ditions These defects being knowne was the cause that the succors which they had froÌ„ Afrik being al voluÌ„taries were weak came slowly they that came once to see it were soon distasted being once returnd came no more disluaded others Finally there appeared no other end in this natioÌ„ of their reuolt but to powre forth their malice in reuenging themselues most cruelly vpon the Christians which they met for the wrongs and iniuries which they had receiued killing burning and murthering without iudgement of foresight of that which might happen Moores vnâ—turall and then they died content without either loue oâ— naturall affection to their wiues and small children whom they made to trot after them like beasts and vpon the least crosse they did abandon them without griefe This warre had continned three moneths when as king Philip by some good inspiration considering the desolation of the countrie and the innocencie of many small infants which could not distinguish the right hand from the left he made a declaration that his meaning was not that men children vnder tenne yeares old Pardon for the Moores proclaimed and women vnder eleuen should be reputed slaues commanding them to receiue all Moores that would submit themselues to his mercie and forbidding them to offer any violence to those that had contained themselues in peace By these meanes many beeing forced by hunger and other discommodities submitted themselues who being inioyned to deliuer vp their armes they brought old crosse-bowes halfe pikes and such like weapons broken and of no vse and when they demanded where there other armes were which they vsed in incounters they said that the strangers and such as would not submit themselues had taken them away Notwithstanding these good orders set downe by the king Insolencie of the kâ—ngs souldiers the souldiers being insolent and couetous did them infinit mischeifs carrying many away especially women not onely out of villages but of those which they found in the citie euen in view of the magistrates the which all men of honour blamed and detested yea many strangers which frequented in the citie of Granado for the commerce said that it would be a hard matter for Spaniards to make the Moores good Christians seeing they shewed in their actions that they were not so themselues and that there was more inhumanitie in their behauiouâ—s than in the most barbarous Pirats of Afrike Aben Humeia hauing taken some breath resolued to continue the warre sending to intreat Vluccyaly to giue him some succours In the meane time hee and Fernand Caguer came sometimes in the night to solace themselues with them that were reduced and who had safegards to remaine in their houses whereof the marquesse beeing aduertised he meant to haue them watcht and taken but they had some notice thereof and stood vpon their gards They did foresee that the Spring beeing come the warre would bee more difficult both for that the Moore should find themselues lesse incommodated in their holes and sauage retreats as also for that the sea would be more nauigable and easie to passe the Moores and Turkes out of Barbarie which prepared to come to their succours wherefore the marquesse of Mondejar sent D. Alphonso de Granado Venegas to Court to acquaint the king with the estate of those affaires and to tell him
choosing in his place Diego Lopes Aben Aboo to raigne ouer them Aben Aboo chosen king of the Râ—bels a cruell man but hee had more iudgement and gouernment than the other so as D. Iohn de Austria had more cause to thinke seriously of the affaires of the war Hee gaue the charge of the Riuers of Almerie Bolodui Almansora Sierra de Basa and Filabres and of the Marquisate of Zenete to Ierome Malech and to Xoabi and Sierra Neuada the land of Velez the Alpuxarres and the Valley of Montojo of Granado to Hascien de Gueiar Hee sent presents to Vluccialy and to the Moâ—ti of Constantinople to keepe him in grace with the great Turke and to bee a meanes for some succours he made a regiment of foure thousand men for his gard whereof a thousand should be alwaies in gard At his election he found tenne thousand men in the armie and among them six hundred Turkes The Marquesse of Mondejar at that time left the affairs of Granado went to Valentia where he was appointed viceroy in which charge he continued not long but past to Naples to gouern there with like dignitie The duke of Sesse was chief of the army which the marquesse was wont to lead who releeued the Garrison of Orgiba which Aben Aboo the new king beseeged and kept the pace of Lantjaron where there was a great skirmish the which continued long through the Turkes valour in the which there were many slaine of either part Orgiba was abandoned by the commandement of D. Iohn who sent the Captaine of that place with his men to Motrill In the Dukes armie there were many Noble men of marke as Pagan Doria brother to Iohn Andrew D. Gabriel and Lewis de Cordoâ—a D. Lewis de Cardone and others which armie was appointed to clense the Alpuxarra In the other part whereas the marquesse of Veles made warre D. Iohn would commaund in person hauing Malech and Xoabi to make head against him In these Christian armies there were certaine couragious Monkes marching in the head of the troupes who held a Crucifex in one hand and a naked sword in the other The Moores attempted Galere Galere taken by the Moores a strong place of situation belonging to Eurigue a league from Guescar and tooke it They went to beseege Oria but they of Lorca their neightbours who were alwaies good souldiers came thither 〈…〉 foure hundred Moores Moores defeated raised the seege and carried away fiue Ensignes 〈◊〉 with the bodie of his armie by the riuer of Almansora D. Iohn led his by that of Xenil this Riuer runnes by Piuillos and enters into an other called Aguasblancas which together passing by the village of Cene runne towards Granado and betwixt these two riuers is the Mountaine of Guejar one of the descents of Sierra Neuada in the which there kept about foure thousand Moores vnder the Captaines Xoabi Choconcillo Macox and Moxixar who ranne euen to the gates of Granado D. Iohn made them dislodge and retire farther into the mountaines of Sierra Neuada Farrax Aben Farrax was among the Moores that were at Guejar Farrax Aben Farrax his miserable estate in poore and miserable estate of whose aduentutur it is fit to make some little mention Being in disgrace with king Aben Humeia and put from all affaires his miserie had brought him to that despaire as hee was ready to yeeld himselfe to the Marquesse of Mondejar who without doubt had put him to an exemplarie death being in suspence and hauing changed his minde hee thought it better to yeeld himselfe vnto the Inquisition thinking that making his accustomed submissions he should haue his life saued at the least There was a Moore with him which had beene his companion in the art of dying to whom hauing imparted this his designe exhorting him to doe the like for hee was no lesse culpable than he he liked well of it and was content to go before to treat with them of the Inquisition for them both Farrax hauing instructed him being to depart that night and therefore they were retired into a valley couered with wood to keepe their businesse more secret after that he had discoursed long reiterated his instructions to this Moor he fel a sleep in the wood the other seeing him fast thoght that he should make his peace better if hee slue him and being resolued hee tooke a great stone wherewith he gaue him so many blowes vpon the head face and bodie as hee left him for dead and then he went as it is to bee coniectured to Granado Farrax being thus pittifully handled remained two daies neither dead nor aliue in that Vallie whereas two Moores passing by found him whilest hee yet breathed and not knowing what hee was but onely finding that hee was a Moore they laied him for pittie sake vpon one of their horses and carried him to Guejar where hee was lookt vnto and cured but hee remained so disfigured as his visage had scarce any shape of a mans and in this estate hee followed the troupes liuing of almes being known of few men This was the reward of the chiefe authour of the Moores rebellion Returning to Aben Aboo he had a intent to gather the Oliues vpon the riuer of Boldni hauing sent a number of Moorish women thither with a gard of eight hundred souldiers Defeat of Moores but they were no good gardians for being charged by the Marquesse of Velez they fled with the losse of two hundred of their men slain vpon the place and all their women were taken Guescar was also relieued by the Marquesse who slue about fiue hundred of the Moors Winter broght many discommodities both to the one and the other yet the Marquesse of Velez held Galeres alwaies inuested but seeing in the Spring that D. Iohn would come and beseege it himselfe he retyred for he was so ambitious as he would haue the honor of euerie thing that was done where he was The body of D. Iohns armie which was inteÌ„ded against the fort of Galere was made at Guescar D. Iohn being at Basa which is 7 leagues off where he prouided for all things necessarie Galere was but a borough without any wall but seated among rockes which couered it being enuironed with deep precipices the which the Moors by trauerses and barracadoes had made in a maner impenetrable and in thâ—se deep bottomes the riuer ran wheras they of the Borogh were forced to fetch their water and to the end they might goe thither without danger the Moores had made a way like a wall Galere beseeged and taken and by this meanes they did water safely There were three thousand Moores and Turkes to defend this fort The church without the borogh had a high Tower which serued them both for a watch and a Citadell D. Iohn brought his armie thither and hauing made there batteries he presently took this church by one of them But when he came to the Borough there was great
in the Spring and that his ministers at Rome should resolue in euerie occasion concerning the league as they should thinke best without expecting any new order from Spaine From thence he past into Portugall to treat in like manner with the king D. Sebastian concerning the league Disposition of Sebastian king of Portugall This young prince was bred vp in generous thoughts to purchase much glorie by making warre against Infidels and therein to exceed his predecessors hauing in himselfe a naturall disposition to warre an able bodie and practised in those painefull exercises which belong vnto warre hauing beene alwaies laid before him by the Iesuites which instructed him That all his enterprises should bee for the sole benefit of Christendome they had made his mind as religious as his owne nature and the exhortations of his noblemen had made him warlike so as hee did not thinke or reason of any thing but of warre And for that the example of his predecessors did represent vnto him in his sleepe the honourable victories and glorious conquests they had made in Afrike and the East Indies hee in like manner directed all his thoughts to that end The Legat Alexandrino finding him in this disposition did easily draw him to enter into this league against the Turke who not onely promised to send his gallies well appointed to the Christians armie but he would also annoy Selyâ— with another great nauie at Suez and other places held by the Turkes in the red sea and in the gulph of Persia and moreouer the Pope desiring to breake the marriage betwixt Marguerite of Valois and the king of Nauarre he gaue commission vnto the Cardinall to moue this marriage vnto the King of Portugall the which would haue beene somewhat difficult if the king had not beene much deuoted to the Pope who at his intreatie layed aside a strange resolution which was that he would not heare speake of a wife because he would not be held effeminate to the great griefe of his grandmother his vncle and the wisest of his Nobilitie who desired to see some issue of him and the succession of the realme assured In the end he was content to take this French ladie King of Portugal content to take Marguerit of Valois to wiâ—e neither desired he any other dowrie but a generous resolution in king Charles to enter in the league Matters beeing thus setled in Spaine the Cardinall according to his commission past thorough France for the league and marriage but he found no meanes to effect either whereupon he returned into Italy Don Iohn of Austria being much pleased with this honorable charge came from Spaine to Genoua where he stayed not long but arriued on the ninth of August at Naples bringing with him from the Court the great Commander of Castile with the title of his Lieutenant Noblemen with Don Iohn in the army and chiefe Councellor Fernando Cariglia Earle of Pliego his chiefe Steward D. Francisco d' Ibarra D. Pedro Velasco D. Michell Moncada Gil d' Andrada Carlo Spinelli who had followed him as an aduenturer against the Moores with many others With these there ioyned the Dukes of Parma and Vrbin Don Antonio Carrafa duke of Mondragon the Marquis of Carrara D. Pompee of Lanoy Vincentio Carrafa Prior of Hongary the Earle of Sarno the Marquis of Auila Paul Iourdâ—in Vrsin the Earle of S. Fleur Ascanio de la Corne and Paul Sforza Beeing in Naples Cardinall Granuell the Viceroy who in that action had the authoritie of Legat deliuered vnto D. Iohn the Standard as Generall of the Church the which the Pope had blest who solicited his departure towards Messina by many embassages where the whole fleete should ioyne and whether Marc Antonio Colonna was gone long before with twelue gallies of Florence armed by the Pope and three of the Order of S. Iohn But to returne to the seege of Famagosta Mustapha sought by all meanes possible to get the counterscarpe the which was valiantly defended by Marc Antonio Bragadino and Astor Baglioni the one hauing charge of the gouernement the other of the garrison but in the end the Turkes wonne it Batteries of Famagosta About the midst of May they planted fiue batteries and had made ten forts They had in the beginning aduertised the Seigneury of Venice in what state they stood who sent them a supply of seuenteene hundred men with victuals and munition by Marc Antonio Quirini who past valiantly through the Turkes gards and returned these succors were commanded by Lewis Martinengo The Turkes continued their batteries with great obstinacie and had giuen foure assaults where the beseeged repulst them valiantly but with great losse of either side the beseeged hauing held out till the 20 of Iuly beeing now prest with great hunger and want the number of their souldiers beeing diminished to eight hundred and those much tyred most of the Grecians beeing dead either with fighting or with the continuall toyle Beeing terrified with so great miseries and out of hope of any more succors some of the chiefe of the citie besought Bragadino Speech to Bragadino at Famagosta that he would incline to some accord seeing he had made so good proofe of their faith and constancie in that seege No man would euer hold them vnworthie of commendation if after they had endured so many assaults and suffered so much penurie with want of munition after the losse of so many souldiers and citizens and finally beeing without all hope of succours they had prouided at the least for the liues of their children which remayned and for the honour of poore miserable women that he would not in recompence of their deuotion which they had alwaies shewed to the common-weale of Venice be the cause of the totall ruine of their citie and suffer their wiues and children who had spent so much bloud and offered their bodies to death for their seruice to become a shamefull prey to their Turkish lust there remaining no hope of health but by the meanes of some accord That it was a thing worthie of a wise Noblemen as he was to choose the least of euils And last of all to remember that it was held a brutish crueltie and no valour to runne headlong to a certaine death where there is no hope of life Bragadino knew that their request was just and that their extremities were great yet forcing his owne nature and desiring to preserue the realme which depended wholly vpon the losse of that place he did not thinke it possible that the Senat would neglect so weightie a businesse and not send the succours which had beene promised Wherefore hee would not yeeld to their demaund but fed them with good words putting them in hope of present succours dispatching a fregat presently into Candie to aduertise the Seigniorie of their extremities In the end of Iulie the Turks gaue an assault which continued fiue houres but the besieged seeing there was no meanes to endure another Famagosta
seeke to maintaine his fathers wil for she saw him much affected to one of his brethren she speake it not by surmise for dissembling the hatred she bare vnto Ali as shee was very cunning and diuising often with him of diuers affaires and euen of this as if it had beene a desire of her owne onely and no intent of the Kings she discouered his heart sufficiently by his discourse and answers being to open and free for a Moore Moreouer he was rich and mighty of himselfe for he was Xecq or Lord of a great people called Zaragana and for his wisdome and valour which were great he was held so necessary for the realme as the King ought to respect him and gouerne his affections according to his counsels The King in truth did much esteeme him and knowing that the election of his successor depended of the vizirs voice and nomination he did entertaine and gratifie Ali thinking in time to bind him by his bounty to second his intentions Conferring after with his sister of this desire which he had to leaue his realmes to Mahomet his sonne she still obiected vnto him the sincerity or rather seuerity of his vizir Ali 〈◊〉 Bubcar seeking to incense the King against him So as on a time seeing the King discontented at some thing that Ali had done according to the duty of his charge but against the Kings will this cunning woman fell in speech of the succession saying that hee assured himselfe more of Ali then he ought and namely in this businesse concerning his sonne Mahomet perswading him to certifie himselfe by some tryall and therefore she aduised him to counterfit himselfe sicke for some daies and not to suffer any one to enter into his Chamber if he were not called the which is not strang among those nations whereas their Kings being out of war remaine whole monthes shut with their women and no man sees them but such as are called During this fiction the Vizir Ali who loued the King and the Estate came daylie to the pallace morning and euening inquiring of his health yet could not bee admitted into his Chamber Mariane talked often with him and made him beleeue that the Kings sicknesse was very dangerous who obseruing her words and countenance perswaded himselfe that he was dead and that she sought to conceale it so as one morning he intreated her to tell him the truth which should not be hidden from him for if he were dead it were needfull to prouide an other King speedily for the Estate and that such affaires could not admit delaies Then Mariane seeing how this businesse wrought brought him into the Chamber where he saw the Kings bed couered and he stretched out and couered with a cloath as if hee had beene dead and so hee held him Then she said vnto him consider Ali I pray you seeing the King my Lord is dead to worke so as his sonne may be chosen King as you know he much desired It is very fit answered Ali that you women should meddle with such matters what reason were it to choose a young man for King It must not be the Xeriffe Mahomet hath wisely ordained that the brethren should succeed one an other knowing that Kingdomes must be gouerned by men that are ripe of yeeres and Iudgement and being ready to goe out of the Chamber to assemble the counsell hee was amazed when he saw the King vp who called him and said vnto him that he thanked him much for the good office he intented to his sonne Ali was so daunted as not able to answere nor to excuse himselfe with any reason hee fled home to his lodging where hauing taken the habit of a woman he commanded a seruant of his to bring him two horses to a certaine place where he would attend them and sodainely departed with an intent to goe out of the realme Being in that place set at the foote of an oliue tree attending his seruant there past by two young Knights which came from hunting who seeing that Ali hid his face thinking it had beene some leud woman they came neere to see and made him to vncouer himselfe knowing him they doubted some mischiefe so as they carried him backe vnto the King who caused his head to be presently cut off And thus was Mariane reuenged for the death of her children This matter being knowne the Kings brethren and all they of the bloud disperced themselues yea after that hee had caused Muley Mahomet Aben Abdelcader his Nephew sonne to his elder brother deceased to be slaine at Mesquinez whom he had married with Lela Sophia his sisters daughter onely for iealousie for that hee was a wise and a valiant Knight and much beloued of his subiects His brethren and other kinsmen being gone out of the country he did not care much to persecute them This Abdalla Xeriffe was the mightiest King of Affrike Dominions of Abdalla King of Fez and Marroc the most peaceable and the most happy if he had abstayned for the bloud of his owne house His dominions extended from Benais in the Negros country whether the Prouince of Sus doth bound which they call Remoto towards the South vnto the North sea and from the Westerne sea vnto the limits of Tremessen towards the East in the which are comprehended foureteene great Prouinces Hee did commonly entertaine three score thousand horse well paied the which were thus diuided 15000. in the realme of Sus 25000. at Marroc and 20000. at Fez and out of these hee drew fiue thousand horse which were his battaillon or Cornet And moreouer hee had two thousand Harguebuziers on foote Christians renegados and fiue hundred on horse-backe with a thousand Harguebuziers of Sus for the gard of the towne of new Fez which is the Kings pallace and as bigge as a good towne Hee gaue pay to all these souldiers as well in peace as warre beeing paied euery foure monthes when he had any enterprise if need were he assembled all his trained bands and moreouer did entertaine what Arabians and Africans he pleased lyuing in his countries vnder a certaine vessellage and paied them for the time they serued He reigned seuenteene yeeres and ordained Mahomet his sonne to be heire to those their realmes and to all his treasure who beganne to persecute his vncles hauing three yet lyuing that is Abdelmumen Abdelmelech whom the Spaniards call Muley Moluc and a bastard called Hamet Abdelmumen was slaine at Tremessen by a murtherer who shot at him being at his praiers in a Mosquee Hamet liued among the Alarabes but Muley Moluc had first retired to Alger from whence hee did for a time sollicit the King of Spaine by the meanes of D. Rodrigo Alonso Pimentel viceroy of Valencia to assist him to anoy Abdalla his brother who sought to depriue him of his right but seeing it was in vaine he past to Constantinople where hauing complained of the iniustice was done him by his brother hee continued in Selims seruice seeking all
the fift of Iulie the citie was burnt the Ladies Nunnes and other women and children being safely sent to Saint Marieport with their apparell and iewels euerie man being forbidden to search them vpon paine of death I haue thought good to annexe vnto the end of this relation for a remembrance to posteâ—â—tie the names of such as receiued the Order of Knighthood from the Generals as a testimonie of their well deseruing in this worthie action Sir Samuel â—â—gnol Sir Arthure â—â—uage The Earle of Sussex The Lord Burke Cont Lodowike Sir Williâ—â— Howard Sir George Deâ—ereux Sir Henrie Neuel Sir Edwin Rich. Sir Richard Leuen Sir Peter Egomort Sir Anthonie Ashley Sir Henrie Leonard Sir Richard Leuison Sir Horatia Vere Sir Arthâ—re 〈◊〉 Sir Miles Corâ—et Sir Edward Conway Sir Oliuer Lâ—mbert Sir Anthonie Cooke Sir Iohn Townsend Sir Christopher Heydon Names of such as were knighted at Cadiz Sir Francis Popham Sir Philip Woodâ—oâ—se Sir Alexander Clifford Sir Mâ—â—rice Barkley Sir Charles Blunt Sir George Gifford Sir Robert Crosse. Sir Iames Eseâ—damâ—â—e Sir 〈◊〉 Leigh Sir Iohn Leigh alias Lee. Sir Richard Weston Sir Richard Waiâ—man Sir Iames Wotton Sir Richard Ruddal Sir Robert Mansel Sir William Mouâ—son Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Edward Bowes Sir 〈◊〉 Druel Sir 〈◊〉 Preston Sir Robert Remington Sir Iohn Bâ—cke Sir Iohn Morgan Sir Iohn Aâ—ridge Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Mathew Browne Sir Iohn Acton Sir Thomas Gates Sir Giâ—â—â—e Mâ—rricke Sir Thomas Smith Sir William Pooley Sir Thomas Palmer Sir Iohn Stafford Sir Robert Louel Sir Iohn Gilbert Sir William Harâ—ey Sir Iohn Gray D. Christopher prince of Portugal Sir Iohn Vanderfoâ—â—d Admiral of the Hollanders Sir Robert Dudley 8 August Thus this triumphant English armie left Cadiz hauing receiued from the duke of Medina Sidonia nine and thirtie English prisoners which had beene slaues in the Spaniards hands Which done they past along the coast of Portugall they tooke spoyled and burnt Farol Farol burnt by the English they marcht into the countrey thereabouts after which exploit they shaped their course for England Hauing done this great affront to the king of Spaine they left him full of rage and desire of reuenge Fleet of Spaniards prepared against England whereupon presently after the retreat of the English he gaue commandement to the Adelantado of Castille to prepare a mightie fleet wherein he imployed great care and diligence so as it was readie the same yeare But this fleet had a farre different successe to that of England It consisted of fourescore ships which went out of Lisbone the eight of October 1596. They coasted along Gallicia to goe and joyne with the Generall of Biscaie where they had leuied some troupes of souldiers the Adelanâ—â—do comming to double cap S. Vincent in the night it seemes he mistooke his reckoning and â—ell short of the cap where they were taken with a cruell storme in the which fiue and fortie of their ships were cast away Spanish fleet cast away on Symon and Iâ—des day and the rest were so shaken with the storme as they had great difficultie to saue them so as their enterprise proued vaine that yeare This yere also they treated in Spaine of the canonizing of blessed S. Raymond Canonization of S. Râ—ymond desired by the Spaniards the which was afterwards effected at Rome They renewed their suit vnto the Pope which had bin made many yeares before to diuers of his predecessors After that instance had bin made vnto his Holinesse by the townes of the realme of Arragon who had sent Paul Costabile Generall of the preaching Friers of which Order S. Raymond had beene also Generall the Pope hauing pronounced thâ—t they should passe on to perfect this businesse the Archbishop of Taracona came to Barcellona with two bishops and the Proctor generall of S. Dominicke to reuiew Saint Raymonds â—odie the which was done with great ceremonie and authenticall writings sent to Rome to prosecute the rest About the same time Luca Calnacanti Chamberlaine to the Pope arriued being sent with two cardinals hats by him to Francis d' Auila Archdeacon of Toledo and to Ferdinand Nugnes de Gueuara President of the royall Councell who had beene newly created cardinals being exhorted by his Holinesse to passe with all speed to Rome as they did that Winter so as in the beginning of the next yeare they come into Italie hauing a good opportunitie to passe in those gallies which were come from Genoua whithâ—r the duke of Maqueda should also haue gone being appointed by the King to be Viceroy of Sicile but he was stayed many monethes by some sinister accidents And there arriued also Alphonso Gariglia who required a great aid of money for the prince of Transyluania to maintaine the warre against the Turke who found the king 〈◊〉 well 〈◊〉 not with standing that hee was inforced to maintaine warre in diuers places to his exceeding great toyle and charge Yet he satisfied that princes desire with abountifull hand and giue free libertie to the Popes Agents to buy a quantitie of come in his realmes to 〈◊〉 the state of the Church And then about the end of September the Indian fleet arriued safely at Seuille being verie rich the which did much comfort the Spaniards after the great losses they had sustained by the English armie 1597 There was nothing did more afflict the minds of the Spaniards Spaniards incensed against the English than their hatred and disdaine of the English being not able to endure not onely to be troubled in their traffique to the Indies and their rich fleets to be layâ—d for piercing euen into the heart of America but also to inuade the continent of Spaine with a royall armie and to land there by by force incountring spoyling and burning their ships euen in their ports Preparation in Spaine for a new armie Being therefore tormented with a desire of reuenge and grieued that the last yeares fleet being ruined by tempest could not effect what they had designed there was a new order giuen that many galleons should bee armed and new troupes of souldiers should bee leuied not onely in Spaine but also in Italie The king therefore touching matters of warre gaue an extraordinarie authoritie to the Cont Fuentes who was newly returned from the gouernement of Flanders They caused all ships of foreine countries to be stayed within their ports with an intent to make vse of them in this armie but the king falling verie sicke this preparation was somewhat stayed they being doubtfull of his life both in respect of his great age and the violence of his infirmitie And so the souldiers which were leuied for this seruice were sent to lodge some in Gallicia and some in Biscaie to bee fitly imbarked when time should serue The important cause concerning Marchants and Bankers Controuersie in Spaine touching the Bankers was now in question in Spaine they hauing for many yeares furnished the king with money for his warres in Flanders and other places
burne him He alwaies protested that his designes in warre and his exercises in peace did onely tend to the aduancement of Religion The last words he pronounced with his last gaspe were That he died a Catholike He respected the Pope as hee that carried the keies of heauen in his hand the prince of the Church and Gods Lieutenant generall ouer mens soules The Popes respected him as the chiefe supporter of the peace and vnion of the Church Piâ—â— 5. did so terme him when they made the league against the Turke and his successour Gregorie 13 answered him that caused his health to be prayed for at Rome My life imports the Church little the which after me may haue a better Pope Recommend the king of Spaines health vnto God for it is necessarie for all Christendome And he himselfe held his assistance necessarie for the affaires of Christians for being sicke and the Phisitian doubting to let him bloud by reason of his weakenesse Feare not said he to let me bloud Speech of the king of Spaine the estate of Gods Church permits not that I should die of this disease nor of this bloud letting Euerie man knowes in what credit hee was in the Consistorie to haue his intention approued and likewise in the Conclaue for the election of Popes Hee held Rome by the lâ—aire and the throat This is spoken for the pensions of Cardinals which are at the deuotion of Spaine being in his power to famish it refusing the commodities which they may draw at need out of his estates which inuiron it As he honoured the Pope so did hee much esteeme the Prelates of the Church and had a great care to preferre men of vertue and merit to ecclesiasticall dignities There was a great controuersie betwixt the archbishop of Valencia and the Viceroy to know to whome they should first present the Pax and the Censor the which hee ended commanding that hee that presented vnto his Maiestie should giue it first vnto the archbishop thinking that the honor that he did vnto Gods Ministers was an infinit glory vnto him and that a prince should affect no other commendation than the care and zeale of Religion when it is without dissembling or hypocrisie Hee did witnesse his zeale and passion in the seeking out of many râ—likes of Saints especially to haue the body of Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo His curiositie to find out â—elikes hauing to that end sent embassadors expresly to king Charles the ninth and to the Queene Mother who granted it contrarie to the aduice of the Cardinall of Lorraine Abbot of Saint Denis hee went to receiue it at Toledo and caused it to bee conducted to the Escuriall How much did he spend for the canonizing of Frier Diego of Alcala of the order of Saint Francis and of Frier Raymond of Pegnafort a Iacobin famous among learned men for that he gathered the decreâ—ales into one bodie and throughout all Spaine for that hee past like another Elizeus vpon his cloake from Majorca to Barcelona and that which is very rare in our age refused the Archbishopricke of Tarragone Wee find not any now that hide themselues in caues from spirituall dignities or that out off their nose and eares to make themselues incapable of church preferments which requires sound bodies and sanctified soules No affaires could interrupt him in the course of his deuotion and we in the relations of Antoniâ— Perez that hee did often referre the care of businesse to another day when he was preparing of his conscience or among his Monkes at the Escuriall He went bare headed in the procession of the Sacrament and being on that day at Cordoua some one did aduertise him En este dia no haze mal â—t Sol. that the Sunne was offensiue to whom he aunswered That the Sunne that day would doe him no harme Being a religious prince he loued no new religions He neuer receiued the Capuchiâ—s They of his house haue built many colledges of Iesuites in diuers places at Vienna in Austria at Tumant in Hungarie at Prague in Bohemia at Hal at Grats at Munch at Inspruke and he alone of his house is dead without any memorie of his bountie towards them Speaking against that great multitude of religions and the increase of regular Orders hee said That they should reduce the new to the auncient and maintaine those in the first integritie of their institution and that it was to be feared the world would abound more in religious Orders than in pietie Hee vsed them of Saint Dominicke in his confessions and in his other deuotions the Ieronimits to whom he gaue that rich temple of the Escuriall He did so respect Dominicke de Chaâ—es his Confessor as he caused him to be visited in his cell by the President of Castille when he was in doubt of any point of conscience or of penance He had a Councell of conscience for the direction of his enterprises Councell of conscience This Councell hath often drawne him out of many difficulties and hath freed him from the bond of his promises The historie of Portugall doth furnish a memorable example The duke of Ossuna and D. Christopher de Mora had promised mountaines of gold to them that should be opposit to D. Antonio and should fauour the kings right to the Crowne of Portugall He being expelled these men demaunded the effects of those promises and that their bills should be discharged The king commaunded that all should bee sent to the table of conscience Aduice of the king of Spaines Councell of conscience The Iudges payed them with this sentence Seeing that king Philip is heire to the realme of Portugall the petitioners could not compound for his right for money gifts or promises and haue deserued death for that they did not willingly yeeld it vnto him If the realme did belong to Antonio they could not then deliuer it And therefore king Philip is no way bound to performe those promises which his embassadors and agents had made vnto the petitioners But vsing his clemencie and mercie he freed them from the paine of death which they had vpon this occasion deserued As for his justice King of Spainâ— a seuere iusticer the example of his son is sufficient to shew his rigor It is true that in many actioÌ„s he hath proceeded more by his absolute power than by the ordinarie course These great motions cannot alwayes be ruled by the ordinarie formes nor subiect themselues to the judgement of reason nor to humane discourse Yet hee protested being neere his end That he had not done wrong nor injustice to any one but through ignorance or false impression It is an act of justice in a prince to suffer them to tell him of the vnjust actions of his gouernement It is true that it cannot be tearmed an act of justice to haue made his creditors so often to loose that which they had lent him nor to reduce the 18 millions of gold which
of day some of the English troupes aduance hee made a stand and then retired to the body of their armie The Lord Deputy giuing the charge of the camp to Sir George Carew then L. President of Munster to attend the Spaniards within the towne hee drewe forth part of his forces beeing about foure hundred horse and a thousand and two hundred foot and hearing that the enemie retired disorderly Rebels and Spaniards defeated in Ireland hee aduanced towards them who still retired with feare In the end omitting euery particular circumstance touching the marshalling of the English armie to them that write that historie they ouertooke the rebells charged them and put them to rout The Spaniards being abandoned by the Irish were almost all slaine D. Alonso d' Ocampo their colonell with three Captaines sixe Alferez and fortie souldiers were taken prisoners There were found of Irish onely twelue hundred bodies dead vpon the place and about twelue hundred hurt whereof many died that night The rebels lost two thousand armes which were brought forth all their munition their drummes nine ensignes whereof sixe were Spanish the English had but one man slaine and not aboue tenne hurt Thus they got a miraculous victorie to the great honor of the Lord Deputie and of all that commanded vnder him After this glorious victorie the Lord Deputie posted that present day vnto the camp lest the Spaniard should haue made some sally in his absence but they had not attempted any thing the next day he commaunded the approaches vnto the towne should be aduanced nearer But after fiue or sixe daies worke D. Iohn d' Aquilar who commanded the forces within the towne offered to parle and sent a drumme with a letter sealed vp to the Lord Deputie by the which he demaunded that some men of qualitie and sufficiencie might be sent into the towne from his Lordship to conferre with him whom hee would acquaint with such conditions as hee then stood vpon whereunto the Lord Deputie condescended imploying sir William Godolphin in that busines the which was managed after this maner according to the originall D. Iohn told sir William D. Iohn d' Aquilars speech that hauing found the Lord Deputie whom hee termed Viceroy although a furious and powerfull yet an honourable enemie and the Irish not onely weake and barbarous but as he feared treacherous friends he was so farre in his affections reconciled to the one and distasted with the other as it did inuite him to make an ouerture of such a composition as might be safe and profitable for the state of England with least preiudice to the Crowne of Spaine by deliuering into the Viceroyes power the towne of Kinsale with all other places in Ireland held by the Spanish so as they might depart vpon honourable termes fit for such men of warre as are not inforced by necessitie to receiue conditions but willingly induced vpon iust respects to disingage themselues and to leaue a people by whom their king and master had bin so notoriously abused if not betrayed That if the Viceroy liked to entertaine further parley touching this point he would first be pleased to vnderstand them rightly and to make his Propositions such as might be sutable to men throughly resolued rather to bury themselues aliue and to indure a thousand deaths than to giue way to one article that should tast of basenesse or dishonor being so confident of their present strength and the royall succors of Spaine as they should make no doubt of yielding a good accompt of themselues and of their interest in this kingdome but that a just disdaine and splene conceiued against the nation dissuaded them from beeing farther ingaged for it than of necessitie they must Sir William Godolphin hauing charge from the Lord Deputie only to receiue D. Iohns propositions and demaunds hauing made this relation to his Lordship and the Councell he was sent backe by them with this answer following That although the Lord Deputie hauing lately defeated their succours Answer from the Lord Deputie to D. Iohn did so well vnderstand his owne strength and their weakenesse as it made him nothing doubt of forcing them within a short time whom hee knew to be prest with vnresistable difficulties how much soeuer they laboured to couer and conceale them yet knowing that her sacred Maiestie out of her gratious and mercifull disposition would think the glorie of her victorie blemished by a voluntary effusion and obstinate expence of bloud was content to entertaine this offer of agreement so as it might be concluded vnder such honourable Articles for her Highnesse as the aduantage she had against them gaue reason to demaund The which were the same that are set downe in the Articles of Agreement following signed by the Lord Deputie D. Iohn and others sauing that there was an Article more in them for the leauing of his treasure munition ordnaunce and the Queens naturall subiects to her disposition all which points he did peremptorily refuse Protesting that both he and all his would rather indure the last of miseries than be found guilty of so soule a treason against the honor of his prince and the reputation of his profession although hee should find himselfe vnable to subsist much more now when as hee might not onely hope to sustaine the burthen of the warre for a time but with patience and constancy in the end ouercome it That hee tooke it so ill to be misunderstood in hauing articles of that nature propounded vnto him as were they but once againe remembred in the capitulation the Viceroy should from thenceforth vse aduantage of his sword and not the benefit of his former offer adding that the Viceroy might rather thinke to haue made a good and profitable purchase for the realme of England if with the expence of two hundred thousand ducats hee had procured D. Iohn to quit his interest and sooting but in Baltemore alone speaking nothing of Kinsale Castel-hauen Beerhauen for said he suppose that all wee with the rest of our places here had perished yet would that Peninsula being strong of its owne nature bettered by our art and industrie furnished as it is with victuals munition and good store of ordnance preserue vnto the king of Spaine a safe and commodious Port for the arriuall of his fleet and bee able to maintaine it selfe against a Land armie of tenne thousand vntill Spaine being so deepely ingaged did in honour releeue them which would drawe on a more powerfull inuasion than the first being vndertaken vpon false groundes at the instance of a base and barbarous people who in discouering their weakenesse and want of power haue armed the king my master to relie vpon his owne strength being bound in honour to relieue his people which are ingaged and to cancel the memorie of our former misfortunes But this is spoken said he in case the Viceroy be able to force this town as I assure my selfe hee cannot hauing vpon mine honour
of Foix to ruine the right of Nauarre 770 Conspiracie against the Queene of Castile and Bertrand de la Cuena 779 Continuance of the warre in Cattalonia 786 Confederates in Castile contemne the Popes authoritie 779. they appeale from him to a generall councell 800 Contention for the Bishopricke of Siguenza 801 Courtesie well rewarded 804 Confession of Ioane Queene of Arragon at her death 810 Contempt of Iustice in Castile 821 Constable of Castile murthered bp the people 832 Contention betwixt king Fernand and Queene Izabella 847 Consultation touching the re-union of the royall reuenue 880 Confederates to the Duke of Viseo executed 910. Contention betwixt the Arch bishop of Toledo and the Queene of Castile 915 Columbus his first comming to the Kings of Castile 918. his first voyage to the Indies 945. hee is made Admirall of the Indies 948. his third voyage to the Indies 956. he with his brother are sent prisoners into Spaine 960. his fourth voyage to the Indies 970. his death 880 Councels are dangerous for the Church of Rome 883. Couetousnesse of a Spaniard controulled by an Indian 906 Conspiracie against king Fernand 912 Contention for the Master-ship of S. Iames 924 Contention for the towne of Areualo 924 Court of Parliament violated 948 Complaints against Cardinall Ximenes 949 Controuersie for the Earledome of Ribadeo 952. Coronation of the king of Castile the first of that name 960 Conference of Deputies touching the Realme of Nauarre ibid. Combat betwixt two Arragonois 968 Councell giuen to the Emperour by the Bishop of Osma 974 Colledge of Iesuites built at Ebora 977 Conference for the limits of Nauigation betwixt Castile and Portugal 978 Conditions imposed vpon the Elector of Saxony 1016 Constancy of the Elector of Saxony 1018 Contreras a rebel at Peru. 1034 Commendation of the Emperor Charles 1081 Councel of Trent 1094 Controuersie betwixt the French and Spaniards for precedence 1095 Commissioners appointed to order the Moores 1127 Confiderations of the Councel of Spaine 1133 Councellors about D. Iohn of Austria 1147 Conuoy defeated by the Moores of Granado 1152 Christians defeated by the Moores ibid. Commander of Castile disswaded D. Iohn from fighting with the Turke 1164. hee is sent to succeed the Duke of Alba in the gouernment of the Low countries 1178 Cruelty of a Grandfather 10 Cruelty and treachery of Lucullus 96 Cruelty auarice and infidelity of Valens against the Gothes 129 Cruelty of Fab. Maximus against the Spaniards 101 Cruelty of Agila against the Christians 140 Cruelty of Victeric to young Luiba 144 Cruelty of King D. Alphonso 414 Cruelty of Sancho King of Castile 435 Cruelty of D. Iohn of Castile 438 Cruelty breeds feare but not loue in subiects 504 Cruelties committed vpon the Iewes 632 Cruelty and couetousnesse to the Indians made religion odious to the vnbeleeuing 945 Cruelty of the sonne to his father and brethren 1020 Cruelty of the Marquis of Mendeiar 1144 Cruelty of the Xereffe Mahumet 1190 Cruelty of the Marquis of Santa Cruz to the French 1224 Custome to anoynt kings taken from the Hebrew 188 Custome to make women drinke first in Spaine 218 Custome antient and religious to purge themselues by oth 246 Cuenca taken from the Moores 320 Curse of the father vpon the sonne 417 Custome of Alaua 487 Cusco reuolts from Gonsaluo Pizarro 1030 Conquest of the Island of the Tercera's 1227 D DAmas the seat of the Caliphes 164 Desire of reuenge brutish 3 Description of Spaine 13 Description of Sardinia 22 Description of the Celtiberians 28 Defeat of the Carthagineans 44 Defeat of Spaniards 79 Defeat of Celtiberians 91 Despaire of the Numantins 108 Death of many learned Spaniards 119 Defeat of the Emperor Valent army and his miserable end 130 Defeat of Alaric 131 Defeat of Attila 133 Desire of reuenge in a woman damnable 134 Defeat of Sueues and death of Richiaire 135 Death of Ricarede and his vertues 144 Decree of the ninth Concile of Toledo 148 Decree made against the Iewes 152 Death of Mahomet 162 Defeat of Moores 174 Deeds of charity done by D. Ramir King of Leon. 203 Death of the seuen brethren of Lara very lamentable 214 Defeat of the Castillans and death of their Earle 218 Declyning of the Moores Monarchy in Spaine by their diuisions 220 Death of D. Sancho King of Nauarre 230 Detention of D. Garcia of Nauarre in Castile 237 Death of D. Garcia Sanches King of Nauarre 237 Deeds of almes done by the King of Castile 239 Debate for the Primacy of Spaine 252 Death of Cid Ruis Dias 263 Death of D. Alphonso the sixth 268 Death prodigious of D. Vrraca of Castile 280 Dexterity of D. Alphonso king of Castile 288 Debate among Bishops to inlarge their Dioceses 290 Death of the Emperor D. Alphonso 301 Death of D. Sancho the desired 304 Death of D. Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelona 310 Defeat of Christians nere to Alarcos 329 Deeds of D Sancho the Strong 330 Deceit of Mary Queene of Arragon commendable 333 Descendants of the house of Champagne 334 Death of D Fernand of Nauarre 337 Death of D. Fernand sonne to the king of Castile 339 Death of D. Sancho King of Portugal 344 Death of D. Alphonso the noble king of Castile 347 Death of D. Henry king of Castile 352 Death of D. Aluar and D. Fernand de Lara 355 Death of D. Fernand king of Castile 381 Death of D. Alphonso Infant of Arragon 393 Death of the Infant D. Fernand de la Corde 410 Death of D. Iaime king of Arragon 411 Death of D. Sancho king of Castile 438 Death of Fernand king of Castile 458 Death of D. Pedro of Castile and D. Iohn his vncle very strange 463 Defeat of Pisains and Sardynians before Caillery 467 Death of Mary Queene of Castile 466 Death of D. Denis king of Portugal 469 Defeat of Nauarrois by Guispucoa 477 Death of D. Fernand heire of Castile 495 Defeat of Arragonois and Nauarrois by the Castillans 499 Defeat of the garrison of Logrogne by the Earle of Foix. 500 Death of Ximenes de Luna Archbi of Toledo 506 Defeat of the Castillan army and death of the Admiral 509 Death of Philip king of Nauarre 517 Decree against the king of Maiorca 521 Defeat of the king of Arragons troupes by his rebels 523 Debate betwixt Toledo and Burgos for precedence 527 Death of D. Alphonso king of Castile 528 Detention of the Prince of Nauarre in France 591 Death of D. Fernand king of Portugal 602 Deliuery of the Prince of Nauarre in fauor of the king of Castile 605 Death of young Galston of Foix. 606 Death of D. Pedro king of Arragon 619 Demands of Portugal to Castile 639 Demands of the Biscains to the King of Castile 640 Death of Pope Clement at Auignon 649 Death of Iohn king of Arragon 650 Death of the Archbishop of Toledo 663 Demands made by D. Henry of Castile to the Estates 666 Death of the two sonnes of Nauarre 667 Death of Pero Lopes of Ayala a
come out of Nauarre 664 Factions in Castile after the Kings death 668 Family of Estuniga and Suniga come out of Nauarre 680 Factions in Guipuscoa and Biscay 737 Factions of Beaumont and Gramont 753 Factions in Biscaie 822 Famine in Perpignan 847 Family of Peralta 882 Faction of Beaumont in the Court of Nauarre 904 Faction against Cardinal Ximenes 926 Famagosta beseeged by the Turkes 1159 yeelded vnto them 1162 Fayal and the other Ilands yeelded to King Philip 1228 Fertility of Sardinia 21 Fertility and riches of Spaine 25 D. Fernand Gonsales first Earle of Castile 200 he is surprized in Nauarre detayned prisoner 205 D. Fernand King of Castile assignes portions to his children 223 Fernand King of Leon puts away his wife 325 Feast of Triumphus Crucis in Spaine after the victory of Muradal 343 Fernand called the holy proclaimed King of Castile 353 Fernand Dias de los Camâ—ros a concussionar and a rebell 359 Fernand of Castile takes possession of Leon. 364 D. Fernand brother to the King of Castile refuseth the realme of Castile 669 he pretends a title to the Crowne of Arragon 675 hee is chosen and crowned at Saragossa 677 D. Fernand of Portugall a prisoner in Barbary 713 D. Fernand K. of Arragon promiseth the Moores liberty of conscience 905. he fauours Amand of Albret against the French King 929. he is hurt at Barcelona 947 he proues vncharitable 950 he is desirous to get the realme of Nauarre 962 he retyres into Arragon 881 he enters Naples 882. his last will 882. his last will reformed by the aduice of his counsell 921 his death 922. Fernando Cortes voyage to the Indies 876 hee is depriued of his gouernment of Mexico 1006 Fernand Infant of Spaine borne 979 Fez wonne by the Xeriffe Mahomet 1189 hee abandons it to the Turkes 1192 Fire from whence the Pyrenees tooke their name 15 Fight at sea betwixt Lelius and Asdruball 72 Fire kindled in the Queene of Castiles haire by the Suune beames 778 Fight at sea betwixt the French and Genoueses 863 Fleet of Christians at Messina 1163 Flatterers cause D Sancho to rebell against the King his brother 203 Force of an army should be of natural subiects 46 Forces against Sertorius in Spaine 110 D. Fortune King of Nauarre makes him-selfe a Monke 198 Foundations of Monasteries by the Princes of Spaine 217 Fort of Nauarret built 328 Forces of the Knights of Saint Iames 310 Foundation of Bilbao 444 Forme of the King of Nauarres othe to his subiects 626 Fontarabie beseeged and the seege raised 856 Fort built by the Spaniard on the firme land at the Indies 890 Forts demanteled in Nauarre 932 Forts built in Affricke 916 Fontaraby taken by the French 966 recouered by the Spaniards 972 Forces of the Emperor Charles at his going to Tunes 987 Forces of Barberoussa in Tunes 988 Fort built at Diu by the Portugals 997. beseeged by the Turkes 998 Fort built by the Spaniards in the Island of Gerbe 1088. beseeged and taken by the Turkes 1093 Fort built at Tunes taken by the Turkes 1174 Forces sent into Ireland by the Pope and king of Spaine 1219 Friends farre off are flow to succor 38 Friend tried at need 109 French invade Gaule 130 French defeated in Spaine 139 Froila murthers his brother 174 French drawne into Spaine by the Moores diuisions 176 French defeated at Ronceual 181 Fraud of the king of Nauarre ill executed 287 French king sauors the king of Nauarre 300 Frederic of Arragon seizeth vpon Sicile 439 French defeated by the Cattelans in Greece 456 French succors frutlesse for Castile 615 Frederic Duke of Benauent a prisoner 647 Frederic duke of Arione dies in prison 698 Frederic of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile 708 French spoile Guipuscoa 856 Frederic Henriques confined into Sicile 887 Francis Phebus entreth into Nauarre and is poysoned 898 Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo 956. hee is made a Cardinal 884. his conscience foresight and magnanimity 892. hee is made Gouernor of Castile 924. his prouidence for the peace of Spaine ibid. his wisdome to maintaine his Authority 927. he is an enemy to the Genoueses 940. he is ambitious and impatient of iniuries ibid. he maintaines his authority resolutly 944. he is poisoned 952. his speech to the Infant D. Fernand ibid. his death and disposition 958 Frauget yeelds Fontaraby basely to the Spaniards and is degraded 973 Francis the French king taken at Pauia 974 Francis Pizarro murthered at Peru. 1027 Francis Drakes first voiage to the Indies 1172 Fury of Barbariens brutish 108 Funerals of Iohn king of Portugal 706 Fulminations of Pope Iulio against Lewis 12. 903 French defeated at sea by the Spaniards 1223 Forts built at the Terceres 1226 G GArdines of Valencia 27 Gaditains call the Carthag into Spaine 32 Gala father to Misinissa 45 Gaditains offer to yeeld vnto the Romaines 68 Galba a victor defeated by his rashnesse 98. hee is sent to suppresse the rebels in Spaine 119 Galicia made a kingdome 191 Garcia Earle of Castile murthered 229 Garcia king of Galicia dispossest 241 he is made a prey to his enemy by reason of his tiranies 242 Garcia Almorauid head of a faction 405 Gaston Earle of Foix succors the Nauarrois 500 Gardes set about the Popes pallace 664 Garcia Mendez of Badaios slaine at Burgos by the mutinous multitude 802 D. Garcia de Toledo in disgrace 1124 Galere taken from the Moores 1151 D. Geoffrey gouernor or Earle of Barcelona 186 Genealogy of Ouiedo and Leon. 195 Genealogy of Castile 200 Genealogy of Leon. 216 Generosity and bounty of king Almeuon to D. Alphonso the sixth king of Castile 246 Genealogy of Castile and Leon. ibid. Genealogy of Portugul 327 Geneueses of the Gibiline faction against the Arragonois in Sardynia 501 Girone beseeged by the French and taken 428 Girdle inchauted 535 Girone a principality for the eldest sonne of Arragon 542 Gijon yeelded to the king of Castile and the Earle banished 654 Gibraltar taken by the Castillans 771 Gibraltar so called of Tariffe a Moore 154 Genoua diuided into factions 1178 Gold and siluer forbidden among the antient Maiorquins 21 God doth onely raise and ruine Estates 50 Gouernment of Spaine giuen to two Pretors 80 Gouernment of Spaine vnder the Emperours 117 Gouernor slaine by a peasant for his exacting 118 Ghospel preached in Spaine in Tiberius time ibid. Gothes inuade the Romaine Empire 126. they come out of Asia into Europe 127 Gothes Getes and Gepides all one ibid. Gothes made Arrians by the Romains 129 Gouernors ambitious and disloyal 135 Gothes defeated in Afrike by the Romains 139 Gothes kingdome in Spaine ruined 154 God not pleased with rebellion though the Prince be a tyrant 202 Gothike seruice changed in Spaine 254 Gothike Caracters abolished in Spaine 256 Gouernors appointed in Arragon for the young kings person 346 Gouernors among the Moores make themselues absolut Lords 354 Gouernment of Castile diuided betwixt the Queene mother and the Duke of
Pegnafiel 669 Gouernment of a woman cause of contention 719 Gonsalo the great captaine breakes his faith and promise 996. he is made duke of Terranoua Sessa 874. his is honored by king Lewis 12. 883 Gouleta taken by the Emperor 988. taken againe by the Turkes 1174 Gouernors made by D. Sebastian going into Affrike 1200 Gouernors of Portugal after Henries death 1207 Gretians Authors of lies 2 Gracchus victory against the Celtiberians 92 Gregory Bishop of Ostia Protector of Vines 265 Grecians defeated by the Cattelans 455 Greene crosse the badge of the Knights of Calatraua 676 Granado yeelded to the Kings of Castile 940 Greedines of the Flemmings gouerning K. Charles 945. Greatnes of the King of Spaines dominions 1095 Gun-powder an ancient inuention 8 Guadalquibir the Spring and course 16 Guipuscoa a member of the realme of Nauarre 201. Guifts to Elenor of England Queene of Castile in fauour of her marriage 315 Guipuscoa yeelded to the king of Castile 335 Guipuscoans enemies to the Nauarrois 500 Gifts of Henry the 4. king of Castile 753 Gouernors draw king Philip into Portugal 1210 they seeke to dissolue the Estates ibid. H HAnno's voyage along the coast of Affricke 34 Hannibal sent into Spaine ibi he is made Gouernor of Spaine 36. he marcheth towards Italy 39 Hanno defeated by Scipio ibid. he is sent againe into Spaine 61 Hambroz the Moore betrayes the Toledains 180 Hatred betwixt fiue Christian kings raigning in Spaine 326 Habit of the knights of Alcantara 355 Haro Lord of Biscay much honored by the king of Castile 429 Hatred betwixt D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and Don Alphonso of Albuquerque 532 Hatred among Courtiers cannot be reconciled but with the ruine of the one partie 701 Hatred of the Portugueses and Castillans 1210 Hesperus of whom Italy and Spaine are named 5 Hercules defeates the Curetes 9 Heauines in Gn. Scipio's army without apparent cause 47 Hermingild a Christian slaine by his fathers commandement being an Arrian 141 Henry of Lorrain the stemme of the house of Portugall 247. he is the fitst Earle of Portugall 258. D. Henry takes vpon him the title of king of Castile 566. he is defeated in battell 570. he is releeued againe by the French 572. hee is setled king of Castile 578. he is poysoned 596 D. Henry the 3. proclaymed king of Castile 628 Hermite an Impostor 644 D. Henry subdues his rebels ibid. D. Henry Master of the Order of Christ first discouered at sea 681 D. Henry Infant of Arragon depriued of his lands in Castile 684 D. Henry de Guzman drowned neere to Gibraltar 711. Henry Prince of Castile wonne by the Constables faction 726 Henry the fourth king of Castile giues his enemies meanes to make war against him 783. beeing destitute of all humane helpe hee hath recourse vnto God 784. he is degraded in effigie and his brother declared King of Castile 781. his patience ibid. hee oppresseth his trustie seruants and dares not deale with his rebels 796. hee is forsaken by his subiects 800 his indiscretion 803. his false oath 825. hee takes no cares for the succession of the Realme 841 Hermandades of Castile 828 Hernando Alraco beheaded 881 S. Herme at Malta taken by the Turke 1116 D. Henry king of Portugall 1204. his proceeding touching the succession 1205. his death and disposition 1207 Hypocrisie of the Infant D Sancho 417 Hypocrifie of the Inquisitors in Spaine 1123 Horses in Spaine 27 Hope and Despaire breed like effects at the seege of Sagunt 37 Honor and liberty animate valiant men 66 Hospitality of king Almenon a Moore 241 House of Biscay 313 Houses of Religion built by Alphonso king of Portugall being excommunicate 391 Hospitaliers enriched with the spoyls of the Templers 453 Houses of strength retreats for theeues ruines in Guipuscoa 740 House of Braganza in Portugall 776 House of Mendoza gouernes the Realme of Castile 797 Hospitall of S. Iames built for Pilgrimes 917 Hope of gaine makes vice remaine vnpunished 915. Hunger in the Emperors army at Alger 1005 Humanity of Metellus to poore innocents 100 Huns chase the Gothes out of their conquests 129 Humanity of the Gothes to the vanquisht Sueues 135. Humanity of King Hazen to a Christian his prisoner 214 Huesca taken and the Moores defeated 264 Humanity and modesty of a Moorish king 417 Hugh Iudge of Arborea murthered by his subiects 618. Humanity of Christians to banished Iewes 947 Husbandrie of Cardinall Ximenes 937 I IAen deliuered to the king of Castile 376 Iacobins first Inquisitors in Spaine 1120 Iberians gaue the name to Spaine 3 Idlenes makes souldiers insolent and mutinous 68. Idlenes and ease enemies to vertue 88 S. Iames taken by the Moores 21â— S. Iames of Compostella made an Arch-bishoprick 278. D. Iames king of Maiorca dispossest by his Nephew 428 D. Iames king of Maiorca slaine 525 Iew Collector of the kings reuenues slaine in Guipuscoa 774 Iewels and plate taken from Churches by the king of Castile 852 Iewes and conuerted Moores oppressed vpon slanderous reports 992 Iewes constrained to be baptized 958 Ignorance makes people subiect 30 Ignalada surprized by the Prince of Arragon 788 D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara defeated and taken prisoner 444 D. Iohn of Castile brings the Moores into Spaine against the king his brother 438 D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque poisoned 537 D. Iohn of Abendagno murthered by the Lord of Biscay 539 D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the king of Castiles commandement 546 D. Iohn of Arragon in the king of Castiles presence 547 D. Iohn Master of Auiz aspires to the gouernment of Portugal 603. he is chosen king of Portugal 607. he cals the English into Spaine 613 D. Iohn de Pachâ—co gouerns Prince Henry of Castile 717 Iohn king of Arragon pawneth Roussillon to Lewis the French king 769. he is proclaimed an enemy to the country ibid. his clemency 1830. his second marriage ominous to the realme of Nauar 862. he giues the precedence to his son the king of Castile 864. his death 873 Iohn king of Nauar goes into Castile 962. hee is forced to retire into France 903 Saint Iohn de Luz burnt by the Spaniards 1006 D. Iohn de Luna flies into France 1076 Iohn de la Valette great Master of Malta 1116 Islands about Spaine 3 Illiturgis beseeged by the Carthaginians 44. taken by Scipio 66 Illora yeelded to king Fernand. 917 Impiety of Valens 126 Impatiency of Thiâ—aud Earle of Champagne to reigne 366 Impiety of Manfroy Frederies bastard 389 Imprisonment and murther of D. Iohn Nugues de Prada 536 Imprisonment of the Master of Auiz 599 Imprisonment of D Pedro Maâ—rique 712 Imprisonment of Charles Prince of Viana 763 Impunity the nurse of all disorders 836 Impositions cause of troubles 1001 Imperial army landed at Alger 1003 Islands of Philippina discouered 1113 Imputations laied vpon the Duke of Alba. 1216 Indiscretion and rashnesse of Bostares 41 Infidelity of the Celtiberians 46 Integrity of Paulus Aemilius 86 Incounter of L. Bibius vnfortunat ibid.