vnder greate forfeyture of sufficient bande About the same time Alane Steward is slaine or rather somewhat before Alane Steward Lord of Dernlye was slain at Palmais thorne by sir Thomas Boyd And in the yeare following the same sir Thomas was slaine by Alexander Steward of Bolmet and his sonnes wherethrough there rose great troubles in the west partes of Scotland William Erle of Dowglas sent Malcolm Flemming of Cumernald and Alane of Lowder vnto Charles the seuenth king of France to obteyne of him the Duchie of Towraine which was giuē to Archebald Dowglas at the battaile of Vernoile in Perch the last Erle father to this Erle Williā had enioyed the same all his life time wherevpon that sute was the sooner obteyned which made y e yong Earle more insolent than before The great port of the Earle of Dowglas He kept such a port and vsed to haue such a traine attending vppon him specially when he came to the court that it might seeme he had the king in smal regard for he thought himselfe safe ynoughe in mainteyning the lyke state and porte or rather greater than euer hys father at anye tyme had maynteyned before hym Insomuche as hee woulde ryde with two thousande horse of the whiche number there were diuers errant theeues and robbers that were borne out in their vnlawfull and wicked practises by the same Erle Certaine Captaines of the Iles as Lachlan Makclayn and Murdac Gypson with a wicked number of the inhabitants of the same Iles haried spoyled Lennox is haried Iohn Colquhouen or Coguhuyn slaine and burnt the countrey of Lennox and slue Iohn Colquhouen laird of Lute vnder assurance They also slue women and children without respect to age or sexe This yeare chaunced a great dearth in Scotland A dearth the like was neuer heard of before and such a death by pestilence that few escaped that were taken therwith Pestilence and so the Realme was plagued with reif oppression dearth and death of people This yeare also the gouernour tooke the whole administration vpō him wherwith the Chancellor was displeased and leauing the king and him in Striueling repayred to Edenbourgh where he deuised the way how to recouer the king from the gouernor so one morning toke .xxiiij. men with him rode to the parke of Striueling where the king was then hunting The king went with the Chancellor to Edenbourgh and the gouernor absent at Perth so that the Chancellor did so much that he perswaded the king to goe with him to Edenbourgh The Chancellor as Hector Boetius hath had caused the number of foure thousande horsemen of his seruants tenants and friends secretly to be readie that morning about the towne of Striueling to resist his aduersaries if they should haue vsed any force against him and now vnderstanding of the kings going thus with the Chancellor they came to him on the way and attēding him brought him safely and without further trouble vnto Edenbourgh The gouernor when he was aduertised hereof was grieuously displeased but bycause he knew not how to remedy the matter he went to Edenbourgh The gouernor and Chancellor are made friendes there got Iohn Iunes Bishop of Murrey and Henrie Lichton Bishop of Abirdene to labour some agreement betwixte him and the Chancelor which they did in this wise The king to remaine in keeping of the Chancellor and the gouernor to continue his office And so by this accord they were made friendes The gouernor and Chancelor being thus agreed called a counsell of the nobles of the realme to be holden in Edenbourgh castell to the which amongst other came the Erle of Dowglas and as they were set to dinner 1440 the meate was sodenly remoued and a Bulles head presented to the Erle of Dowglas which in those dayes was a token of execution And immediately therevpon the sayde Earle with his brother Dauid The Earle of Dowglas is beheaded and Malcolme Flemming of Cumernald were beheaded before the castell gate After the death of the sayde Earle the state of the realme became more quiet for his vncle Iames Dowglas Baron of Abircorne that succeeded him being a man of great stature and verie fat gaue himselfe to quietnesse and liued but three yeares after The foresaid William had but one sister that was called the fayre mayden of Galloway and was maried vnto one William Dowglas sonne to this erle Iames before his deceasse that the heritage shoulde not be deuided bycause the Earledome of Dowglas was entayled vpon the heyres male and the landes of Wigton Balwanye Annardale and Ormont remayned to hir as heyre generall This Earle William after the deceasse of his father Erle Iames began to wax vnruly and to followe the maners of the other William Earle Dowglas lately beheded as before ye haue heard so that by support many disobediēt persons wold not obey the gouernor Chācellor whervpō sundry great slaughters oppressions were cōmitted The king after he came to the age of .xiiij. 1444 yeres woulde not any longer be vnder the gouernment of others but tooke the rule vpō himself The king will rule himselfe The Erle of Dowglas enformed thereof came vnto him at Striueling and put himselfe and all he had to remaine at his pleasure wherevpon the king receiued him pardoned all his passed misdemeanors and admitted him to be one of his speciall friends and priuie Councellers in al his affayres By his perswasion shortly after sir Alexander Leuingston and William Creichton being discharged of their offices were also put of from the Counsell and all their friends banished the Court and they themselues were sommoned to appeare before the king which bycause they refused to do they were proclamed rebels and put to the horne The Erle Dowglas then for the olde grudge he bare them raysed an army haried their lands In reuenge wherof sir William Chreichton spoyled the Erle of Dowglas his lands so that great trouble was raysed through the whole countrey the lands of Strabroke Abircorn the towne of Blacknesse were burnt destroyed The Earle of Dowglas ruled wholy about the king made Archebald his brother Erle of Murrey by ioyning him in mariage with a Lady of the house of Dunbar heretrix therof Moreouer Hew Dowglas was made erle of Ormont Thus the Erle of Dowglas aduanced his name ioyned in friendship with the Erle of Crawford w t Donald Erle of the Iles with the Erle of Ros to y e end that ech of thē should be assistāt to others In this meane time the Erle of Crawford at the request of the Erle of Dowglas tooke a great pray of goodes forth of the Bishop of S. Androws lands in Fife which Bishop hight Iames Keneder sisters son to K. Iames the first where through the Erle of Crawford on the one part and the Earle of Huntley with the Ogyluies on the other met at Arbrothe in sette battaile where the Erle of Crawford
Ambition setteth one brother agaynst another 3. 5 Anninus 3. Antragh 78 Ardscollburnt 46 Articles agreed vpon in the counsel at Casshil 10 Arthur Mac Murrow ouercome by Iames erle of Ormond 71 Arthure king of Brytaine had the Irish in subiection and tooke tribute of them 5 Articles of agreement betweene Rotherick Monarke of Ireland and Dermote king of Lunster 23 Arundell Lord of the Stand his yerely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Athessell burnt 57. Athione castell burnt 53 Aylmer Girald chiefe Iustice 99. his conference with king Henrie the eight of the disorder of Irelande 106 B. BAlimore burnt 49 Ballioll Edw. king of Scots doth homage 46 Balram Lord of Enford his yearely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Banchor 12 Barnevale of Beerehauen his yearely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Barnewell Lorde of Trinieston surrendereth the sword to sir William Skeffington 97 Barod Lord of the garde his yearely reuenues in Henrie the fourth his dayes 68 Barby Thomas Maior of Dublin 85 Barre Philip. 39 Barre Robert a valiant Gentleman 23 Bard de Nelan an Irish Richmour 93 Bartolenus 1. Barre Robert 23 Bath William of Dollardestowne his wordes 96 Battail of Ardineigh 57. Battail of Knoctone 75 Battaile agaynst the Giants 2 Bedlow Iohn 65. Bedlow of the Roche 80 Bonneuille Iohn 51. Beterley Walter 66 Bignort Alexander Archbishoppe of Dublin â–ª 56. erecteth an Vniuersitie 57 Birmingham Walter his notable act 65 Birmingham Iohn vanquisheth the Scottes 57 is made erle of Louth 57 is made L. iustice 58 Birmingham Peter 50 Birminghams famous captaines 57 Bisset Hugh 55 Bishops how they were elected 20. maryed Byshops 13 Bithi one of the first finders out of Ireland 1 Blanchfield a Citizen of Dublin slaine 7â—… Blake Iohn Maior of Dublin 75 Boice his wordes to the Erle of Kildare 7â—… Bothum William Archbishop of Dublin 47 Boureate castle 60. Bounaght 74 Brennus king of Brytaine called into Ireland 4 Brewse Philip. 31. Bren Obren 60 Brendan Abbot 12 Brereton William knight landeth with his souldiours 90. sommoneth the castell of Maynoth scaleth the walles and aduaunceth his standarâ—… on the highest turret 97. hee is left to defende Dublyn against the rebels 99. skirmisheth with the rebelles 100 Brytayne Iohn Erle of Richmonde Lord Warden of Scotlande 50 Britons when first they entred Ireland 4 Bride Saint hir life 11 Broughtâ—…n Thomas knight 75 Bruce Edwarde brother to the king of Scottes inuadeth Irelande and causeth himselfe to bee crowned king 52. his actes there 53.55 slaine at the battaile of Ardmagh 57 Bruce Robert king of Scottes landeth in Irelande â—…4 Bruce Robert 52 Burgh William 70 Burgh Thomas 60.65 Burghes and Birminghams 54 Burgh William 51.55 Burgh Rich. erle of Vlster besiegeth Athlone 46. is taken prisoner 47. inuadeth Scotland 48 Burkeyns 67 Burnell Iohn of Balgriffin 9â—… executed at Tyburne 99 Butler Iames eldest sonne to the Erle of Ossory his letter to the Lorde Fitz Gâ—…ralde 91. hee is wounded by the rebels 93 Butler Iames Earle of Ormonde marcheth to Dublin with a great power 77. is pursued by the Citizens into Saint Patrickes church 78 his description ibid. Butler Iames Lorde of Ormonde vanquisheth Omore and his horrible armie 71. his famous exploytes 7â—… Butlers fauourers of the house of Lancaster 4 Butler Piers Erle of Ossorie marieth Margaret sister to the erle of Kildare 79. slayeth Iames a bastard Butler ibid. is appoynted Lord deputie 80. accuseth the erle of Kildare 83 Butler Edmonde his exploytes 52.55 Butler Thomas 59 Butler Walter made Erle of Vlster 44.45 Butler Theobalde 44 Butler Iames knight Lord Treasorer â—…5 C. CAlfe Henrie 49 Caltropes straweâ—… by the Irish to annoy the Danes at their landing 17 Cannon Thomas 90 Carew .63 the Marques Caro his yearely reuenues 68 Cardinals sent to king Henrie the seconde â—â— Carausius 8 Caraticus king of Britaine 14 Cashels spoyled by the Scottes 55 Cotesbach Eustace Chamberlaine of ScotlaÌ„d 50 Catholicus Archbishop of Thomond 30 Catherlaghe 64 Cathgur Oconthir king of Connagh 45 Cantreb what it is and by whome inuâ—…aded 3 Canute slaine at the siege of Dublin 18 Caâ—…nton Dauid knight 4â—… Caucocke Thomas L. Chancellour of Irelande coÌ„secrated vi of Imaley kepeth a great feast 49 Celestine 9 Celsus bishop of Ardmagh 12 Cenanus first a man of warre then a bishop 12 Cesara nece to Noe first finder out of Ireland 1 Charter of Ireland confirmed by Parliament 67 Christian bishop of Lismore summoneth a prouinciall counsaile in Ireland 20 Christ church steeple in Dublin quite burnt 46 Citrius Prince of Dublin 46 Clare Thomas sine Obrenroth king of Tholethmond 45. dyeth 46 Clare Richard discomfiteth Richard earle of Vlster with a great armye 51. slayeth 600. of the Galagheghas ibid is slaine 56 Clergie denounceth cursing agaynst the breakers of their allegiance to the king of England 35 Clentars field 19. Cocherings 74 Cogan Miles a valiant knight captaine of Dublin repulseth the enimies from the siege thereof 26. his good seruice in the ciuill warres agaynst king Henrie the seconde 37. is ioyned in commission with William Fitz Aldelme lieutenant of Ireland ibid. trayterously slaine 39 Cogan Richard 39. Cokesey Hugh 70 Colton Iohn Archbishop of Ardmagh 66 Colmolm castel taken 72. Commissioners sent into Irelande to examine the controuersies betweene the Earles of Kildare and Ossorie 81 Commissioners sent into Irelande by king Henrie the second 35 Combat 71 Comyn Iordayne slayeth Maritagh Oconguir king of Offalie 48 Combat chalenged by certain French knights 42 Commissioners sent into Ireland â–ª to examin such as were suspected with the Lord Fitz Giralde his rebellion 104 Contention for preheminence of churches 40.51 Con Oneale beareth the sworde before the Lorde deputie 81 Conereth a sauage people of Ireland 12 Conthurus 23 Conway Iohn knight president of Vlster 11 Corbi what it signifieth 67 Corke the reuenues of the Baronies within the same 68. wasted by Reymond le Grace with the English armie 36 Cormacke Mack Dermote Mack Rori ioyneth with the Lorde Iustice and vanquisheth Odonill the Irish enimie 44 Councell at Grenocke 45 Councell of the cleargie holden at Cashill 30 Countesse of Vlster a cruell woman 61 Cowes belly 100 Cowly Robert Baylife of Dublin after maister of the Rolles in Ireland 90 Crauley Thomas Archbishop of Dublin a great benefactor his death and description 70 Cragfergus besieged by the Scottes and yelded to them 55 Cromuder primate of Ardmagh 85. his description 91. his good exhortation to the Lorde Fitz Girald at his reuolting 92 Crauly Thomas Archbishop of Dublin chosen Lord Iustice 69 Crathlinth king of Scottes 8 Croftes Hugh 56 Cumin Archbishoppe of Dublin 40. buildeth the kings castell there 44. he foundeth S. Patricks church 44 Curcy Iohn conquereth Vlster 38. his fiue battails ibid he rebelleth and is taken 42. his stout answere to king Iohn ibid. his act before king Iohn the French k. his death descriptioÌ„ 43 Curcy Lord of Kelbretton his reuenues 68 Cusacke
of his nobles at Hunâ—…en the twentith day of May and so sailed into Englande The king of Englande returneth home The Earle of VVarvvicke leauing behinde hym the Earle of Warwicke to haue the gouernment of all the men of warre which hee left beehinde hym eyther in Guyenne or in any other place on that side the sea There dyed in this iourney diuers noble men of this lande Tho. VVals The Frenche king goeth ouer to Callais as the Earles of Marche and Oxforde the Lorde Iohn Gray then Stewarde of Englande and the Lorde Geffrey de Say with diuers other The eigthe of Iulie nexte ensuyng the Frenche Kyng hauing licence to departe landed at Callais and was lodged in the Castel there abiding till the king of Englande came thither whiche was not till the ninthe daye of October nexte after On the foure and twentith day of October bothe the Kings beeyng in twoo trauerses and one Chappest at Calais The Kings receiue a solempne othe to see the peace performed a Masse was said before them and when they shuld haue kissed the paxe eyther of them in signe of greater friendshippe kissed the other and there they were solemnelye sworne to maynteyne the articles of the same peace and for more assuraunce therof manye Lordes of bothe partes were lykewise sworne to mainteine the same articles to the vttermost of their powers Whilest these kings lay thus at Callais there was greate banquetting and cheare made betwixt them Also the Duke of Normandie came from Bolongne to Calais The Duke of Normandie to visite his father and to see the King of Englande in which meane time twoo of King Edwardes sonnes were at Bolongne Finally when these twoo Kinges hadde finished all matters in so good order and forme that the same coulde not be amended nor corrected and that the Frenche King had deliuered his hostages to the Kyng of England that is to say six Dukes beside Erles Lords and other honorable personages in all to the number of eight and thirtie The number of the Frenche hostages On the morrowe after the taking of their othes that is to say on the fiue and twentith day of October beeyng Sonday the French King was freely deliuered and the same daye before noone hee departed from Calais and rode to Boloigne The Kyng of Englande brought hym a mile forewarde on his way and then tooke leaue of hym in moste louing manner The Prince attended hym to Bolloigne where bothe hee and the Duke of Normandie wyth other were eftsones sworne to holde and mainteine the forsaid peace without all fraude or colorable deceit And this done the Prince retourned to Callais Thus was the frenche King sette at libertie The Frenche King sette at libertie after hee hadde bin prisoner here in England the space of foure yeres and as muche as from the nineteenthe daye of September vnto the fiue and twenty of October When the King of Englande hadde finished his businesse at Callais according to his minde he retourned into Englande and came to London the ninth daye of Nouember Strange vvonders In this foure and thirtieth yeare of Kyng Edwarde men and cattell were destroyed in diuers places of this Realme by lightening and tempest also houses were sette on fier and brente and manye straunge and wonderfull sights sene The same yeare Edward prince of Wales maried the countesse of Kente whiche before was wyfe vnto the Lorde Thomas Hollande and before that she was also wife vnto the Earle of Salisburie and deuorsed from hym and wedded vnto the same Lorde Holland Shee was daughter vnto Edmund Earle of Kent brother to Kyng Edwarde the second that was beheaded in the beginning of this Kings raigne as before yee haue heard And bicause the Prince and shee were within degrees of consanguinitie forbidden to marry a dispensation was gotten from the Pope to remoue that lette A greate death In this yeare also was a greate deathe of people namely of men for weomen were not so muche subiect thereto This was called the seconde mortalitie bycause it was the seconde that fell in this Kings dayes Hen. Marl. The Primate of Ardmache departed this life This yeare also by the deathe of Richard Fitz Raufe Primate of Ardmache that departed this life in the Courte of Rome and also of Richard Kilminton deceassed here in Englande the discorde that hadde continued for the space of three or foure yeares betwixte them of the Clergie on the one parte and the foure orders of Friers on the other parte was nowe quieted and brought to ende 1â—…36 â—…ions â—…riuer Meriuth A â—…anâ—…â—…ight in the â—…e Moreouer this yeare appeared twoo Castelles in the aire of the whiche the one appeared in the Southeaste and the other in the Southweste out of whiche Castelles aboute the houre of noone sundry times were sene hosts of armed men as appeared to mannes sight issuing foorthe and that hoste whiche sallyed out of that castell in the Southeaste seemed white the other black They appered as they shoulde haue fought eyther agaynste other and firste the white had the vpper hand and after was ouercome Souldiours calâ—… the compaâ—… did much hurte in Fraunce so they vanished out of sight About the same time the souldiors whiche were discharged in FrauÌ„ce and out of wages by the breaking vp of the warres assembled togyther and did muche hurte in that Realme Froissart as in the frenche histories ye may reade Their chiefâ—…ders were Englishmen and Goscoins suâ—… to the king of England Anâ—… Aâ—… The King asseâ—… the estats of his realme in parliameÌ„t aâ—… Westminster in the feaste of the conuension of 〈◊〉 Paule and there was declared vnto them the tenor whole effect of the peace concluded beâ—…twixte England and Fraunce Caxton wherewith they were greatly pleased and herevpon the nobles of the realme and suche frenchemen as were hostages came togither at Westminster church on the first Sunday of Lent nexte following and there suche as were not alredy sworne reâ—… the othe for performaunce of the same peace iâ—… a right solemne manner hauyng the â—…our of their othes written in certaine scroles and after they had taken their othes vpon the SacrameÌ„t and masse booke they delyuered the same scrols vnto certain notaries apointed to receiue and register the same The mortalitie yet during that noble Duke Henry of Lancaster departed this life on the euen of the Aununtiation of our Ladie and was buryed at Leycester Iohn of Gaunt fourth son to the king who had maried his daughter the Lady Blanche as before yee haue hearde succeeded him in that Duchie as his heire in right of the said Lady Tho. VVaâ—… Ad. 〈◊〉 â—…riâ—… The same yere also died the lord Reignold Cobhain the lord Walter Fitz Warein and three Bishops Worceter London and Elie. This yeare vpon the .xv. 1â—…61 Caxton day of Ianuarie there rose suche a passing winde that the like had not bin heard
enuyed against the surmised and vntruely feyned lawe Salike The Salike lawe whiche the Frenchmen alledge to defeate the Kyngs of England of their iust and rightfull title clayme and interest to the Crowne of Fraunce the â—…ery words of which law are these In terram Salâ—…am mulieres ne succedant that is to saye lette not women succeede in the land Salique which the Frenche glosers expounde to bee the Realme of Fraunce and y t this law was made by K. â—…aramond wheras yet their owne authors affirme that y e land Salique is in Germanie betweene y e riuers of Elbe and Sala and that wheÌ„ Charles the great had ouercome the Saxons hee placed there certaine Frenchmen which hauing in disdeine the vnhonest maners of the Germain women made a lawe that the females shoulde not succeede to anye inheritance within that lâ—…de which at this day is called Meiseu Misâ—… so that if this be true this law was not made for the Realme of France nor the Frenchmen possessed the land Salique til four C. 21. yeares after the deathe of Pharamond their supposed maker of this Salique lawe for this Pharamond deceassed in the yere 426. and Charles y e great subdued y e Saxons and placed the Frenchmen in those partes beyond the riuer of Sala in the yeare 805. Moreouer it appereth by their owne writers that King Pepine whiche deposed Childerike claymed the crowne of Fraunce as heire general for that he was descended of Blithild daughter to king Clothair the froste Hugh Capet also which vsurped the Crowne vpon Charles duke of Lorrayne the sole heâ—…re male of the lyne and stock of Charles the great to make his title seeâ—… true and appeare good thoughe in deede it was starke naught conueyde himselfe as heyre to the Lady Lyngard daughter to king Charlemayn sonne to Lewes the Emperor that was sonne to Charles the great King Lewes also the tenth otherwyse called Saint Lewes being very heire to the said vsurper Hugh Capet coulde neuer be satisfyed in his conscience howe he might iustely kepe and possesse the crown of France til he was perswaded and fully instructed that Queene Isabell his grandmother was lyneally descended of the Lady Ernrengarde daughter and heyre to the abouenamed Charles duke of Lorayn by the whiche mariage the bloud and lyne of Charles the great was againe vnited and restored to the crowne and scepter of France so that more clerer than the Sunne it openly appeareth that the title of king Pepyn the clayme of Hugh Capet the possession of Lewes yea and of the Frenche kynges to thys daye are deryued and conueyed from the heire female thought they woulde vnder coldure of suche a fayned Lawe barre the Kings and Princes of this realme of England of theyr ryghte and lawfull inheritance The Archebishoppe further alledged oute of the booke of Numeri thys faying â–ª When a man dyeth without a sonne let the inheritance discende to his daughter At length hauing said sufficientely for the proofe of the kings â—…uste and lawfull title to the Crowne of Fraunce hee exhorted hym to aduance forth his banner to fight for hys ryghte to conquere hys inheritaunce to spare neither bloud swoord ne fire sith his warre was iust his cause good and his clayme true And to the intent his louyng Chapleyns and obediente subiectes of the Spiritualtie myghte shewe them selues wyllyng and desyrous to ayde hys maiestie for the recouerie of hys aunciente righte and true inheritaunce the Archbishoppe declared that in theyr spirituall Conuocation they had graunted to his highnesse suche a summe of money as neuer by no spiritual persons was to any Prince before those dayes giuen or aduaunced The Earle of Westmerland â—…adeth the 〈◊〉 to the coÌ„â—… of Scotlande When the Archbishoppe hadde ended his prepared tale Rafe Neuill Erle of Westmerland as then Lorde Warden of the marches aneynst Scotlande and vnderstandyng that the kyng vpon a couragious desire to recouer his right in Fraunce would surely take the warres in hand thought good to moue the Kyng to begin fyrste wyth Scotlande and therevpon declared how easye matter it shoulde bee to make a conquest there a howe greatly the same should further his wished purpose for the subduyng of the Frenche menne concludyng the suâ—…me of hys tale with thys olde saying That who so wyll Fraunce wynne mâ—…st with Scotlande fyrst beginne Manye matters he touched as well to sheâ—… howe necessary the conquest of Scotland should be as also to proue howe iust a cause the Kyng â—…dde to attempte it truâ—…yng to perswade the Kyng and all other to be of his opinion But after he had made an ende the Duke of â—…cester vncle to the Kyng a man well learned and wyse who hadde bene sente into Italye by his father The duke of â—…ceter hys vvyse and pythy ansvvere to the Earle of VVestmerlandes saying intendyng that he should haue bin a Priest replyed agaynste the Earle of Westmerlandes Orations affirmyng rather that hee whiche woulde Scotlande winne with France muste firste beginne For if the Kyng myghte once compasse the conqueste of Fraunce Scotlande coulde not long resyste so that conquere Fraunce and Scotlande woulde soone obeye A true saying For where shoulde the Scottes learne pollicye and skill to defende them selues if they had not theyr bringyng vp and traynyng in Fraunce If the Frenche pencions maynteyned not the Scottishe Nobilitie in what case shoulde they be Then take away Fraunce and the Scottes will soone be tamed Fraunce beeyng to Scotlande the same that the sappe is to the tree which beyng taken awaye the tree muste needes dye and wyther To be briefe the Duke of Excester vsed such earnest and pithy perswasions to induce the king and the whole assemblie of the Parliamente to credite hys woordes that immediately after he hadde made an ende all the companye beganne to crye Warre warre Fraunce Fraunce and the bill putte into the Parliament for dissoluing of Religious houses was cleerely forgotten and buryed and nothyng thoughte on but only the recoueryng of Fraunce accordyng to the title by the Archebishoppe declared and set foorthâ—… And vpon this poynte after a fewe actes for the wealthe of the Realme established and decreed the Parlyamente was proroged vntoo Westmynster Some write that in this Parliament it was enacted that Lollards and Heretikes with their maynteyners and fauourers shoulde be ipso facto adiudged guiltie of high treason but in the statute made in the same Parliament against Lollardes wee fynde no suche wordes Albeeit by force of that Statute it was ordeyned that beyng conuicte and executed they shoulde lose theyr Landes holden in Fee simple and all other theyr goodes and cattalles as in cases of Felonye Ambassadors from the FreÌ„ch K. and from the Duke of Burgoigne During this Parliament ther came to the K. Ambassadors as wel from the French king that was then in the gouernance of the Orlienâ—…iall faction as also from the Duke of Burgoigne for ayde agaynst
generall prayer vnto God and earnest supplication for the good successe of these men they sent them home agayne with no small charge that they should be diligent in their function and carefull ouer the flocke committed to their custody The first of these was called Eluanus a man borne in the Isle of Aualon and brought vp there vnder those godly Pastours and their Disciples whom Phillip sent ouer at the first for the conuersion of the Brytons The other hight Medguinus and was thereto surnamed Belga bycause he was of y e towne of Welles which then was called Belga This man was trayned vp also in one schoole with Eluanus both of them being ornaments to their hory ages and men of such grauititie and godlinesse that Eleutherus supposed none more worthy to support this charge then they after whose comming home also it was not long ere Lucius and all his housholde with diuers of the nobility were Baptized A zealous prince maketh ferueÌ„t subiects beside infinity numbers of the common people which daily resorted vnto them and voluntarily renounced all their Idolatry and Paganisme In the meane time Eleutherus hearing of the successe of these learned Doctours supposing with himself that they two only could not suffice to supporte so great a burden as shoulde concerne the conuersion of the whole Islande Faganus Dinauus Aaron He directed ouer vnto them in the yeare insuing Faganus Dinaw or Dinauus Aaron and diuers other godly Preachers as fellow labourers to trauayle wyth them in the Vineyarde of the Lord. Radulphus de la noir alias Niger These men therfore after their comming hyther consulted wyth the other and forthwith they wholly consented to make a diuision of thys Islande amongst themselues 3. Chiefe Bishops in Britain appoynting what percel eche Preacher shold take y e with the more profits and ease of the people and somewhat lesse traueyle for themselues Theonus Theodosius the Doctrine of the Gospell might be preached and receaued In this distribution also they ordayned that there should be one congregation at London where they placed Theonus as chiefe Elder and Byshop London yorke Caerlheon for that present time Another at Yorke whether they appoynted Theodosius And the thirde at Caerlheon vpon the ryuer Vske which thrée cities had before time béene Archeflamines to the end that the couÌ„tries rounde about might haue indifferent accesse vnto those places and therewith all vnderstande for certeintie whether to resort for resolution if after their conuersion they shoulde happen to doubt of any thing Thus became Britaine the first Prouince Britainâ—… first Prâ—…uince thâ—… receyueâ—… Gospell generalâ—… that generally receyued the faith and where the Gospell was fréely preached without inhibition of hir prince Howbeit although that Lucius and hys princes and great numbers of his people imbraced the word with gréedinesse yet was not y e successe therof eyther so vniuersal that all men beléeued at the first y e security so great as that no persecution was to be feared from the Romaine empyre after his decease or the procéeding of the king so seuere as y t he inforced any man by publicke authoritie to forsake and relinquish his Paganisme but only this fréedom was enioyed that who so woulde become a christian in his time might without feare of his lawes professe the Gospel in whose testimonie if néede had béene I doubt not to affirme but that he woulde haue shed also his bloude as dyd his Nece Emerita Emerita néece 〈◊〉 Lucius who beyng constant aboue the common sort of women refused not after his decease by fire to yéelde hir selfe to death as a swéete smelling sacrifice in the nostrels of the Lorde beyonde the sea in Fraunce The fayth of Christ being thus planted in this Islande in the 177. Lucius â—…deth 〈◊〉 to Rome after Christ and Faganus and â–ª Dinaw with the rest sent ouer froÌ„ Rome in the 178. as you haue heard it came to passe in the thirde yeare of the Gospell receyued that Lucius did sende agayne to Eleutherus the Byshop requiring that he might haue some briefe Epitome of the order of discipline then vsed in the Churche For he well considered that as it auayleth little to plant a costly Vineyarde except it afterwarde be cherished kept in good order and such things as annoy daily remooued from the same so after Baptisme and entraunce into religion it profiteth little to beare the name of christians except we doe walke continually in the spirite Ro. 8. â—… haue such things as offende apparantly corrected by seuere discipline For otherwise it will come to passe y t the wéedes of vice and vicious liuing will so quickly abounde in vs that they will in the ende choke vp the good séede sowen in our mindes eyther inforce vs to returne vnto our former wickednesse with déeper security then before or else to become méere Atheistes which is a great deale woorse For this cause therefore dyd Lucius sende to Rome the seconde tyme for a copie of such politicke orders as were then vsed there in their regiment of the Church The wisedome of Eleutherus But Eleutherus considering w t himselfe how that al nations are not of like condition therfore those constitutions that are beneficiall to one may now and then be preiudiciall to another and séeing also that beside the worde no rites and orders can long continue or be so perfect in all points but that as time serueth they wil requyre alteration He thought it best not to lay any more vpon the neckes of the newe conuerts of Britaine as yet then christ his Apostles had already set downe vnto al men In returning therefore his messengers he sent letters by them vnto Lucius and hys nobilitie dated in the Consulships of Commodus and Vespronius wherein he tolde them that Christ had left sufficient order in y e scriptures for the gouernement of his Church already in his worde and not for that only but also for the regimeÌ„t of his whole kingdome if he woulde submit himselfe to yéelde follow that rule The Epistle it selfe is partly extaunt and partly perished yet such as it is and as I haue faithfullye translated it out of sundry copies I doe deliuer it euen here to the ende I will not defraude the reader of anye thing that may turne to his commoditie in the hystorie of our nation Epistle of Eleutherus vnto Lucius You requyre of vs the Romaine ordinaÌ„ces and therto the statutes of the Emperours to be sent ouer vnto you and which you desire to practise and put in vre within your realme and kingdome The Romaine lawes those of Emperours we may eftsoones reprooue but those of God can neuer be founde fault withall You haue receyued of late thorowe Gods mercy in the realme of Britaine the law and fayth of Christ you haue with you both volumes of the Scriptures out of them therefore by Gods grace and the Counsel
long before his death wherof eche of his childreÌ„ so sone as he was enterred toke seisure and possession Howbeit after two yeres it happened that Albanact was slayne wherevpon Locrinus and Camber raysed their powers reuenged his death and finally the sayde Loctinus made an entraunce vpoÌ„ Albania seyzed it into his owne handes as excheated wholly vnto himselfe without yéelding any part therof vnto his brother Camber who made no clayme nor title vnto any portion of the same Herby then sayth Adams it euidently appeareth that the entier seigniorie ouer Albania consisted in Locrinus according to which example lykeland among brethren euer since hath continued in preferring the eldest brother to the onely benefite of the collaterall assencion from the youngest asswell in Scotlande as in England vnto this daye Ebranke the lineall heire from the bodie of this Locrine that is to say the sonne of Mempris sonne of Madan sonne of the same Locrine buylded in Albania the castle of Maydens nowe called Edenbrough and the Castle of Alcluith or Alclude now called Dunbriton as the Scottish Hector Boethius confesseth wherby it most euidently appeareth that our Ebranke was then thereof seased This Ebranke reigned in the 〈…〉 ouer theÌ„ a long time after whose death Albania as annexed to the empire of the Britaine descended to the onely king of Britons vntill the discent to the two sisters sonnes Mâ—â—gan and Conedage lineall heires from the sayde Ebranke who brotherly vpoÌ„ the first example deuided y e realme MorgaÌ„ had Lhoegrâ—â— and Conedage haâ—… Albanâ—â— but shortly after Morgan the elder brother pondeâ—â—â—g in hys hed the loue to his brother with the loue to a kingdome excluded nature gaue place to ambition and therupoÌ„ denouncing warre death miserably ended hys life as the rewarde of his vntruth wherby Conedage obtayned the whole Empire of all Britaine in which state he remayned during his naturall lyfe From him the same lineally descended to the onelye king of Britons vntill after the reigne of Gorbodian who had issue two sons Ferres and Porres This Porres requyring lyke diuision of the lande affirming the forâ—…er particions to be rather of lawe then fauour was by the handes of his elder brother both of his lyfe and hoped kingdome bereued at once whereupon their vnnaturall mother vsing hir natural malice for the deth of hir one sonne without regard of the lossing of both miserably slew the other Cloten by all writers aswell Scottishe as other was the next inheritour to the whole Empire but lacking power the only meane in those dayes to obtayne right he was contented to deuide the same among thrée of his kinsmen so that Scater had Albania But after the death this Cloten his sonne Dunnallo Mulmutius made warâ—…e vpon these thrée Kinges and at last ouercame them and so recouered the whole dominion in token of which victorie he caused himselfe to be crowned with a crowne of gold the very first that was worne among the kinges of this nation This Dunuallo erected temples wherein the people shoulde assemble for Prayer to which temples he gaue benefite of Sanctuarie he made the 〈◊〉 for wager of battaile in cases of murder and â—â—lonte whereby a théefe that lyued and made his art of â—…ighting shoulde for his purgation fight wyth the true man which he had robbed but he beléeued that the Goddes for then they supposed many would by myracle assigne victorie to the innocent partie The priuileges of which first sawe benefite of the latter aswell in Scotlande as in Englande be midyed to this day few causes by late positiue lawes among vs excepted wherein the benefite of wager of battaâ—…le is expelled â—… by which obedience to hys lawes it doth manifestly appeare that thys Dunuallo was then seased of Albania nowe called Scotland This Dunuallo reigned in thys estate ouer them many yeares Beline Brenne the sonnes of this Dunuallo dyd after theyr fathers death fauourably deuide the land betwéene them so that Beline had Logres and Brenne had Albania but for that this Brenne a subiect without the consent of his elder brother and Lord aduentured to marry with the daughter of the king of Denmarke Beline seased Albania into his owne handes and thereuppon caused the notable wayes priuileged by Dunuallons Lawes to be newly wrought by mens handes which for the length was from the furder part of Cornewall vnto the the sea by North Cathnes in Scotland for religion in those daies he coÌ„stituted ministers called Archeflamines in their functions most like the aucthoritie of Bishoppes at this daye the one of which remained at Ebranke now called Yorke and whose power exteÌ„ded to y e vttermost bondes of Albany wherby lykewyse appeareth that it was then within his dominion After his death the whole Isle was enioyed by the onlye kings of Britaine vntill the tyme of Vigenius and Perydurus lineall heires from the sayde Belyne who fauourably made particion so that Vigenius had all the land from Humber south and Perydurus from thence North all Albania This Vigenius died and Perydurus suruiued and thereby obtayned the whole from whome the same quietly discended and was by his posteritie accordingly enioyed vnto the reigne of king Coell of that name the first In hys tyme an obscure nation by most writers supposed Scithians passed by seas from Irelande and arriued in that part of Britaine called Albania against whome this Coell assembled his power and being entred Albania to expell theÌ„ one Fergus in the night disguised entered the tent of this Coell and in his bed traiterously slew him This Fergus was therefore in reward of such vertue made there King whereupon they sat downe in that part with their wiues and children and called it Scotlande and themselues Scottes from the beginning of the worlde After the Scottishe accompt foure thousande and sixe hundred and seuentéene yeares which by iust computacion and confession of all their owne wryters is sixe hundred yeares lacking tenne after that Brutus had reigned ouer y e whole Island the same land being enioyed by him and his posteritie before their comming during two and fiftie discentes of the kinges of Britaine Certes this intrusion into a land so many hundred yeares before inhabited and by so many disceÌ„ts of kings quietly enioyed is the best tytle that all their owne writers alledge for them This Fergus hereupoÌ„ immediately did deuyde Albania also amoÌ„g his Capitaines and their people whereby it most euidently appeareth that there were no people of that nation inhabiting there before in proofe wherof the same particion shall followe The landes of Cathnes lying against Orknay 〈…〉 betwéene Dummesbey and the Water of Thane was giuen vnto one Cornath a capitaine and his people The landes betwéene the Water of Thane and Nes nowe called Rosse lying in bredth from Cromart to the mouth of the water of Lochte were giuen to Lutorke another Capitaine and his people The landes betwéene Spay and Nes from the Almaine seas to the Ireland
could deminishe nor iust desert appease Antoninus Bassianus born of a BritoÌ„ womaÌ„ and Geta borne by a Romayn woman were the sonnes of this Seuerus who after the death of their father by the contrary voyces of their people contended for the crown Few Britones helde with Bassianus fewer Romaynes with Geta but the greater number with neither of both In the ende Geta was slayne and Bassianus remayned Emperor against whom Carausius rebelled who gaue vnto the Scottes Pichtes and Scithians the countrey of Cathenes in Scotland which they after inhabited wherby appeareth hys seison thereof Coill discended of the bloude of auncient kinges of this land was shortly after kyng of the Britons whose onely daughter heire called Helene was maried vnto Constantius a Romaine who daunted the rebellion of all partes of great Britayne and after the death of this Coil was in y e right of his wife kyng thereof and raigned in his state ouer them 13. or 14. yeares Constantine the sonne of thys Constance and Helen was next King of Britons by the ryght of hys mother who passing to Rome to receyue the Empyre thereof deputed one Octauius king of Wales Duke of the Gwisses which some expounde to be afterwarde called west Saxons to haue the gouernemeÌ„t of thys dominion But abusing the kinges innocent goodnesse thys Octauius defrauded thys truste and tooke vppon himselfe the Crowne for which traytorys albeit he was once vanquished by Leonine Traheron vncle to Constantine yet after the death of thys Traheron he preuayled agayne and reigned ouer all Briteygne Constantine beyng nowe Emperour sent to Maximius his kinseman hether to destroy the same Octauius whom in singular battail discomfited Octauius whereupon thys Maximius aswel by the consent of great ConstaÌ„tine as by the election of all the Brytons for that he was a Bryton in bloude was made King of Bryteigne This Maximius made war vpon the Scottes and Scythians wythin al Bryteygne and ceaâ—â—ed not vntill he had slayne Eugenius theyr King expulsed and dryuen them out of the whole bounds of Briteygne Finally he inhabited al Scotland with Britons no man woman nor child of the Scottish natioÌ„ suffred to remain within â—…t which as theyr Hector Boetius saith was for theyr rebellion rebellioÌ„ properly could it not be except they had béene subiectes He suffered the Pichtes also to remaine his subiects who made solemne othes to hym after neuer to erect any peculiar King of theyr owne natioÌ„ but to remaine vnder the olde Empyre of the onely kyng of Brytons About xlv yeres after this beyng long time after the death of this Maximius wyth the helpe of Gonnan or Gonan and Melga the Scottes newly arriued in Albania and there created one Fergus the second of that name to be their kyng But because they were before banished the continent land they crowned him kyng of their auenture in Argile in the fatall chaire of Marble the yeare of our Lord CCCC xxij as they write Maximian sonne of Leonine Traheron brother to kyng Coil and vncle to Helene was by line all succession next kyng of Britons But to appease y e malice of Dionothus king of Wales who also claimed y e kingdoÌ„ he maried Othilia eldest daughter of Dionothus and afterward assembled a great power of Britons and entered Albania inuading Galloway Mers Annandale Pentlande Carrike Kyll and Cuningham and in battaile slew both this Fergus then kyng of Scottes and Dursius the king of Pichtes exiled all their people out of the continent land wherupon the few number of Scottes then remainyng on her went to Argila and made Eugenius their kyng When this Maximian had thus obteyned quietnes in Britain he departed w t hys cosin ConaÌ„ Meridocke into Armerica where they subdued the kyngâ—â— and depopulated the countrey which he gaue to Conan his cosin to be afterward inhâ—…bited by Britons by the name of Britayne the lesse and hereof this realme tooke name of Britayne the greate which name by consent of forreine writers in kepeth vnto this day After the death of Maximian dissention beyng betwene the nobles of great Britayne the Scottes swarmed together again and came to the wall of Adrian where thys realme being deuided in many factions they ouercame one And hereupon their Hector Boetius as an henne that for laying of one egge will make a great cakelyng solemnly triumphing of a conquest before the victory alleageth that herebye the Britons were made tributaries to the Scottes and yet he confesseth that they wonne no more land by that supposed conquest but the same porcion betwene them and Humber which in the old partitions before was annexed to Albania It is hard to be beleued that such a broken nacion as the Scottes at that tyme were returning from banishment within foure yeres before and since in battaile losing both theyr kinges and the great number of theyr best men to be thus able to make a conquest of great Britayne very vnlikely if they had coÌ„quered it they woulde haue left the whote sunne of the East partes to dwell in the cold snow of ScotlaÌ„d Incredible it is that if they had coÌ„quered it they would not haue deputed officers in it as in cases of conquest behooueth And it is beyonde all beliefe that great Britayne or any other countrey shoulde be woon without the comming of any enimy into it as they did not but taried at the same wall of Adrian But what néede I speake of these defences when the same Boetius scantly trusteth his owne beliefe in this tale For he sayeth that Galfride and sundry other autentike writers diuerslye vary froÌ„ this part of his story wherein his owne thought accuseth his conscience of vntruth Herein also he further forgetting how it behooueth a lyer to be myndefull of his assertion in the fourth chapiter next followyng wholly bewrayeth hymselfe saying that the confederate kinges of Scottes and Pictes vpon ciuill warres betwene the Britons which then was folowyng hoped shortly to enioy all the lande of great Britayne from beyond Humber vnto the fresh sea which hope had bene vayne and not lesse then voyde if it had bene their owne by any conquest before Constantine of little Britayne descended from Conan king thereof cosine of Brutes bloud to thys Maximian his nerest heyre was next king of Britayne he immediately pursued the Scots with warres shortly in battaile slue their kyng Dongard in the first yeare of his raygne whereby he recouered Scotlande out of their handes and tooke all the holdes thereof into hys owne custody Vortiger shortly after obteined the crowne of Britayne against whome the Scottes newly rebelled for y e repressing wherof mistrusting the Britons to hate hym for sundry causes as one that to auoyd the smoke doth oft fall into y e fire receyued Hengest a SaxoÌ„ and a greate number of his couÌ„trimen with whom a few Britons he entered scotland and ouercame them whereupon they tooke the Isles which are theyr common refuge He gaue also
bowels are cut from their bodies and throwne into a fire prouided neare hand and within sight euen for the same purpose Sometimes if the trespasse be not the more hainous they are suffred to hang til they be quite dead and when so euer any of the Nobilitie are conuicted of high treason this maner of their death is coÌ„uerted into the losse of their heads onely notwithstanding that the sentence doe runne after the former order In triall of cases coÌ„cerning treason fellonie or any other gréeuous cryme the partie accused doth yelde yf he be a noble man to be tryed by his Péeres if a gentleman by gentlemen and an inferiour by God and by the countrie and being condemned of fellonie manslaughter c. he is eftsoones hanged by the necke til he be dead and then cut downe and buryed But yf he be conuicted of wilfull murder he is eyther hanged aliue in chaynes néere the place where the facte was commytted or else first strangeled with a rope and so continueth till his bones consume to nothing We haue vse neither of the whéele nor of y e barre as in other countries but when wilfull manslaughter is perpetrated beside hanging the Offendour hath his right hande commonly stricken of at the place where the acte was done after which he is led foorth to the place of execution there put to death according to the law Vnder the worde fellonie are manie grieuous crimes contained as breche of pryson An. 1. of Edward the second Disfigurers of y e Princes lege people An. 5. of Henry the fourth Hunting by nyght wyth painted faces and Visours An. 1. of Henry the seuenth Rape or stealing of women and maydens An. 3. of Henry the eight Conspiracy against the person of the Prince An. 3. of Henry the seauenth Embefilling of goodes committed by the maister to the seruaunt aboue the value of fourtie shillings An. 17. of Henry the eyght Carying of horses or mares into Scotland An. 23. of Henry the eyght Sodomy and Buggery An 25. of Henrye the eyght Stealing of Hawkes egges An. 31. of Henry the eyght CoÌ„suring sorcerie Witchcrafte and digging vp of Crosses An. 33. of Henry the eyght Prophecying vpoÌ„ armes cognisaunces names and badges An. 33. of Henry y e eyght Casting of slanderous billes An. 37. of Henry y e eyght Wilfull killing by poyson An. 1. of Edward y e sixt Departure of a soldier froÌ„ the field An. 2. of Edward y e sixt Diminution of câ—…yâ—… al offences within casâ—… premunire embeseling of recordes goodes taken froÌ„ dead men by their seruaunts stealing of whatsoeuer cattell robbing by the high way vpon the sea or of dwelling houses letting out of pondes cutting of purses stealing of Déere by night counterfectous 〈◊〉 coyne â–ª euidences charters and writings diuers other néedlesse to be remembred Periury is punished by the pillorie burning in the forehead w t the letter P. and losse of all y e mooueables Many trespasses also are punished by y e cutting of one or both eares from the heade of the offendour as the vtteraunce of sedicious words against the maiestrates fraymakers pettie robbers c. Roges are burned thorow the eares caryers of shéepe out of the land by the losse of their haÌ„ds such as kill by poyson are eyther skalded to death in lead or séething water Heretiks are burned quicke harlottes their mates by carting ducking and dooing of open pennaunce are often put to rebuke Such as kill theÌ„selues are buryed in the fielde with a stake driuen thorow their bodies Witches are hanged or sometymes burned but théeues are haÌ„ged euery where generally sauing in Halifax where they are beheaded after a straÌ„ge maner wherof I find this report There is hath ben of ancient tyme a law or rather a custome at Halifax that whosoeuer doth coÌ„mit any fellony and is taken with the same or confesse the facte vpon examination yf it by valued by fower counstables to amount to the somme of thirtéene pence halfe peny he is forthw t beheaded vpon the next market day which fall vsually vppon the tuesdayes thursdayes and saterdayes or else vpon the same day y t he is so conuicted yf market be then holdeÌ„ The engine wherw t the execution is done is a square blocke of wood of the length of foure foote and an halfe which doeth ryde vp and downe in a slot rabet or regall betwéene twoo péeces of timber that are framed and set vpright of fiue yards in height In the neather ende of the slyding blocke is an Axe keyed or fastened wyth Iron into the wood which being drawne vp to the top of the frame is there fastned with a woodden pinne the one ende set on a péece of woodde which goeth crosse ouer y e two rabets the other ende being let into the blocke holding the Axe with a notche made into the same after the maner of a Sampsons post vnto the middest of which pinne there is a long rope fastened that commeth downe among the people so that when the offendour hath made his confession and hath layde his neck ouer the neathermost blocke euery man there present doth eyther take hold of y e rope or putteth foorth his arme so néere to y e same as he can get in token that he is willing to sée true iustice executed and pulling out the pinne in this maner y e head blocke wherin the axe is fastened doth fall downe wyth such a violence that yf the necke of the transgressour were so bigge as that of a bull it should be cut in sunder at a strocke and roll from the bodie by an huge distaunce If it be so that the offendour be apprehended for an oxe or oxeÌ„ shéepe kine horse or any such cattell the selfe Beast or other of the same kinde haue the ende of the rope tyed somewhere vnto them so that they drawe out the pin whereby the offendour is executed And thus much of Halifax law which I set down onely to shew the custome of that country in this behalfe Roges and vagabondes are often stocked and whipped scoldes are ducked vpon cuckingstooles in the water Such fellons as stand mute and speake not at their arraynement are pressed to death by huge weightes and these commonly holde theyr peace thereby to saue their goodes vnto their wyues and children which yf they were condemned shoulde be confiscated to the prince Théeues that are saued by their bookes and cleargie are burned in the left hande vppon the brawne of the thombe with an hote IroÌ„ so that yf they be apprehended agayne that marke bewrayeth them to haue béene arrayned of fellonie before whereby they are sure at that time to haue no mercy I do not read that this custome of sauing by the booke is vsed any where else then in Englande neyther doe I finde after much diligent inquiry what Saxon Prince ordayned that lawe Howbeit this I generally gather therof that it was deuised at the first to traine the inhabiters
ouer with that nauie which was rigged on the coasts of Flanders or with some other I will not presume to affirme eyther to or froÌ„ bicause in deed Mamertinus 〈…〉 expresse mention either of Alectus or Asclepiodotus but notwithstanding it is euident by that which is coÌ„teined in his oration that 〈◊〉 Maximian but some other of his caâ—…itâ—…ng gouerned y e armie whiche slewe Alecâ—…us 〈…〉 we may suppose that Asclepiodotus was 〈◊〉 â—…ain ouer some number of ships directed to Maximinians appointment to passe ouer into this yle against the same Alectus and so may this which Maâ—…rtinus writeth agree with the truth of that whiche we fynd in Eutropius Here is to be remeÌ„bred Eutropius y t after Maximianus had thus recouered Britain out of ther 〈…〉 rule therof froÌ„ the Romans it shuld seem y t not only great numbers of artificers other people were conueyed ouer into Gallia there to inhabite and furnish such cities as were run into decay but also a power of warlike youthes was transported thither to defend the countrey from the inuasion of barbarous nations For we fynd that in the dayes of this Maximian the Britons expulsing the NeruiaÌ„s out of the citie of Mons in Henand held a castell there whiche was called Bretaiâ—â—ns after them wherevpon the citie was afterwarde called Mons reteyning the last sillable only as in such cases it hath ofteÌ„ hapned Moreouer this is not to be forgotten y t as Homf Llhuyd hath very wel noted in his book intitled Fragmentae historiae Britannicae Mamertinus in this parcell of his panegerike oration doth make first meÌ„tion of the nation of Picts of al other the ancient Roman writers so that not one before his tyme once nameth eyther Picts or Scots But now to returne wher we left After that Britain was thus recouered by the Romains Diocletian MaximiaÌ„ caling the Empire the I le tasted of the crueltie that Diorclesian exercised agaynste the Christians in persecutyng them wyth all extremityes continually for the space of ten yeeres Moreouer a great nuÌ„ber of Christians which were assembled togither to heare the word of lyfe preached by that vertuous manne Amphibalus were slayn by the wicked Pagans at Lychfield wherof that towne toke name as you wold say The field of dead corpses To be briefe this persecution was so greate greuous Gildas and therto so vniuersall that in maner the ChristiaÌ„ religion was therby destroyed The faithfull people were slayne their bookes brâ—â—t 〈…〉 churches ouerthrown It is recorded that 〈◊〉 in one monethes space in dyuers places of the worlde there were .xvij. M. godlye menne and women put to death for professing the christian faith in the dayes of that tyrant Dioclesian and his fellowe Maximian Coellus COellus Coellâ—… Earle of Colchester began hys dominion ouer the Brytons in the yeare of our Lord .262 262. 〈◊〉 This Coellus or Coell ruled the lande for a certayne tyme so as the Brytons were well contentented with his gouernement and lyued the longer in rest from inuasion of the Romains bicause they were occupied in other places but finally they findyng tyme for their purpose apointed one Constantius to passe ouer into this Isle with an armie the which Constantius put Coelus in suche dread that immediatly vpon his arriuall Coellus sent to him an ambassade and coÌ„cluded a peace with him couenaÌ„ting to pay y e accustomed tribute Caâ—… Galfrid and gaue to Constantius his daughter in mariage called Helene a noble Lady and a lerned Shortly after king Coell dyed after he had reigned as some write .27 yeares 〈◊〉 Caâ—â—â— or as other haue but 13. yeares Of the regiment of thys Prince Harrison maketh no mention in his Chronologie But verily if I shall speake what I thinke I will not denye but assuredly suche a Prince there was howbeit that he had a daughter named Helene whome hee maried vnto Constantius the Romain lieutenant that was after Emperour I leaue that to be decided of the learned For if the whole course of the lyues as well of the father and sonne Constantius and Constantine as lykewyse of the mother Helena bee considerately marked from tyme to tyme and yeare to yeare as out of authors both Greeke and latine y e same may be gathered I feare least such doubt may ryse in this matter that it wil be harder to proue Helene a Britayne than Constantine to be borne in Bithynia as Nicephorus auoncheth but for somuche as I meane not to steppe from the course of oure countreye writers in suche poynts Lib. 7. cap. 1. where the receyued opinion maye seeme to warrant the credite of the historie Iâ—â— with other admit bothe the mother and sonne to be Britons in the whole discourse of the historie following as thoughe I hadde forgot what iâ—… this place I haue sayd Constantius But as touching his reigne ouer the Britons wee haue not to saye further than as we fynde in our owne writers recorded but for his gouernment in the empire it is to be considered that first he was admitted to rule as an assistaÌ„t to Maximian vnder y e title of Cesar so from that time if you shall accompt his reigne it may comprehend xj xij or .xiij. yeares yea more or lesse according to the diuersitie founde in writers But if we shal recken his reign from the time onely that Diocletian and Maximian resigned their title to the Empire VVil. Haris we shall fynde that he reigned not fully .iij. yeares For where as betweene the slaughter of Alectus and the comming of Constantius are accompted .8 yeeres and odde monethes not only those .8 yeeres but also some space of tyme before maye be asended vnto Constantius for although before his comming ouer into Britayn now this last tyme for he had bin here afore as it well appeareth Asclepâ—…odetus gouerned as Legate albeit vnder Constantius who had a greate portion of the west partâ—…es of the empire vnder his regiment by the title as I haue sayd of Cesar although he was not sayde to reigne absolutelye till Diocletian and Maximian resigned wherof it is not amisse to giue this briefe aduertisement accordyng as in William Harrisons Chronologie is sufficiently proued But now to coÌ„clude with the doings of ConstaÌ„tius at leÌ„gth he fel sick at Yorke and there dyed about the yeare of our Lord .306 306. This is not to be forgotten that whylest hee lay on his death bed somewhat before he departed this life hearing that his sonne Constantine was come escaped from the emperours Diocletian Maximianus with whome he remained as a pledge as after shall be partly touched â–ª he receyued him with all ioye and raising himselfe vp in his bed in presence of his other sonnes and counsellours with a greate number of other people and strangers that wer come to visit him he sit the crowne vpon his sonnes head and adorned him with other imperiall roabes and garmentes executing as it were
therto agreeable nor induce the souldiours to admit him they hauing already established his sonne he began to deuyse wayes howe to assure the state more strongly to his sayde sonne and hearyng that his sonne in law Constantine was mynded to come into Italy against him he purposed to practise Constantines destruction in somuch that it was iudged by this which folowed â—…issimulation y t Herculeus Maximinus did but for a colour seme to mislyke with that whiche his son Maxentius had done to the ende he might the sooner accomplishe his entente for the dispatching of Constantine oute of the waye Herevpon as it were fleing out of Italy â—…anulphus â—…estrensis he came to Constantine who as then hauing appointed lieutenants vnder him in Britayn remayned in France and with all ioy and honor that mighte bee receiued his father in lawe the which being earnestly bent to compasse his purpose Fausta the daughter of Maximinus vvife to Constantine made his daughter Fausta priuie therto whiche ladie either for feare least the concealyng therof might turne hir to displesure either else for the entier loue whiche she bare to hir husbande reueled hir fathers wicked purpose Wherevpon whilest Constantine goeth about to be reuenged of suche a trayterous practise Herculeus fleeth to Mersiles Marsiles purposing there to take the sea and so to retire to his sonne Maxentius into Italye But ere he coulde get away from thence he was stangled by commaundemente of his sonne in lawe Constantine Maximinus slayne An. Chri. 311. and so ended his lyfe whiche he had spotted with many cruell actes as well in persecutyng the professour 〈◊〉 the Christian name as others In this mean time had Maximinus adopted one Licinius to assiste hym in gouernaunce of the empire Licinius chosen fellovv vvith Maximianus in the empire proclayming hym Cesar So that nowe at one selfe tyme Constantine gouerned Fraunce and the weast partes of the Empire Maxentius helde Italy Affrike and Egypte And Maximinus whydhe lykewyse had but elected Cesar ruled the Easte partes and Licinius Illyrium and Grecia But shortly after the Emperoure Constantine ioyned in league with Licinius and gaue to him his sister in marriage named Constantia for more suretie of faithfull friendship to endure betwixt them He sent him also against Maximinus who gouerning in the East parte of the Empire purposed the destruction of Constantine and all his partakers but being vanquished by Licinius at Tarsus he shortly after dyed being eaten with lice Constantine after this was called into Italy to deliuer the Romaynes and Italians from the tyrannie of Maxentius whiche occasion so offered Constantine gladly accepting passed into Italy and after certaine victories gote againste Maxentius at length slewe him And after this when Maximinus was dead whiche prepared to make warre againste Licinius that hadde married Constantia the sister of Constantine hee finally made warre against his brother in lawe the sayde Licinius by reason of suche quarrels as fell out betwixt theÌ„ In the whiche warre Licinius was putte to the worse and at length comming into the handes of Constantine was put to deathe so that Constantine by this meanes gote the whole Empire vnder his rule and subiection Hee was a greate fauorer of the Christian Religion in somuche that to aduance the same hee tooke order for the conuerting of the Temples dedicated in the honors of Idols vnto the seruice of the true and Almightie God Hee commaunded also Christians honoured cherished that none should be admitted to serue as a Souldiour in the warres excepte hee were a Christian nor yet to haue rule of any countrey or armie Hee also ordeyned the weeke before Easter and that whiche folowed to be kept as holy and no person to doe any bodily workes during the same He was muche counsailed by that noble most vertuous ladie his mother the Empresse Helene Polydore The prayse of the Empresse Helenae the whiche being a godly and deuoute woman did what in hir laye to moue him to the setting foorth of Gods honour and encrease of the christian faith wherein as yet he was not fully instructed Some writers alledge that she beeing at Ierusalem 320. made diligent searche to finde out the place of the Sepulchre of our Lorde and at length founde it thoughe with muche adoe for the infidels had stopped it vp and couered it with a heape of filthie earth and buylded alofte vpon the place a chappell dedicated to Venus where yong women vsed to sing songes in honoure of that vnchaste Goddesse Helene caused the same to be ouerthrowne and the earth to be remoued and the place clensed so that at length the sepulchre appeared and fast by were founde there buried in the earth .iij. crosses and the nailes but the crosse wherevppon our Sauiour was crucifyed was known by the title written vpon it The Crosse founde though almost worne out in letters of Hebrew greke and Latine the inscription was this Iesus Nazarenus rex Iudaeorum It was also perceyued which was that Crosse by a miracle as it is reported but how truly I can not tell that shuld be wrought thereby For being layde to a sicke woman only with the touching therof she was healed It was also sayde that a dead man was raysed from death to lyfe his bodie onely being touched therwith Whervpon Constantine moued with these things forbade that from thenceforth any should be put to death on the Crosse to the ende that the thing which afore tyme was accompted infamous and reprochefull myghte nowe be had in honour and reuerence The Empresse Helen hauing thus found the Crosse buylded a temple there and taking wyth hir the nayles returned with the same to hir son Constantine who set one of them in the crest of his helmet Polidorus an other in the brydell of his horsse and the thirde he castinto the sea to assuage and pacifie the furious tempestes and rage thereof She also brought with hir a parcell of that holy Crosse Polidorus and gaue it to hir sonne the sayd Constantine the whiche he caused to be closed within an Image that represented his person standing vppon a piller in the market place of Constantine or as some late writers haue he caused it to be enclosed in a coffer of golde adorned with ryche stones and Pearles placing it in a Churche called Sessoriana the which church he endued with many great giftes and precious ornamentes Many workes of greate zeale and vertue are remembred by writers to haue bin done by thys Constantine and his mother Helene to the setting foorth of Gods glorie and the aduauncing of the faith of Christe The commendation of Constantine But to be briefe he was a manne in whome many excellent vertues and good qualities bothe of mynde and bodie manifestly appeared chiefly he was a prince of great knowledge and experience in warre and therewith verie fortunate an earnest louer of iustice and to conclude borne
out of his kingdome by the brother nephew of Hengist of whome in the firste booke we haue made mention firste requiting his banishemente with greate detrimente and losse to those his enimies wherein he was partaker by iust deserte of his vncles worthy praise for that he stayed for a great many yeres the destruction of his countrey which was now running hedlong into vtter ruine and decay But Arthurs graue no wâ—…ere appeareth but the others tombe as I haue sayde was founde in the dayes of William the Conqueror king of England vpon the seaside and conteyned in length fourtene foote where he was as some say wounded by his enimies and cast vp by shipwrack But other write that he was slayne at a publike feaste or banket by his owne countreymen Thus hathe William Malmesburye But here you muste consider that the sayde Malmesburie departed this lyfe about the beginnyng of the reigne of kyng Henry the seconde certayne yeres before the boanes of Arthur were found as before ye haue hearde But now to speak somwhat of queene â—â—hera or Gâ—â—vee Io. Leland so â—…he iudge that 〈◊〉 â—…he name of hir excellent beautie by 〈…〉 or Gâ—…nâ—… in the Welch toâ—…ng 〈…〉 Quene Guryhere so that she was named 〈◊〉 or rather â—â—â—â—…lean euen as you 〈◊〉 say the faire or beautyfull Leonore or Helene She was brought vpon the house of Cador Earle of Cornewall 〈◊〉 Arthur maryed hiâ—… and as it appeareth by writers she was â—…aill reported 〈…〉 and breache of land to hiâ—… husbande in sorte as for the more paiâ—…e women of excellente beautie hardly escape the venimous blast of will to 〈◊〉 and the sharpe assaultes of the followeâ—… of â—…enus The Brâ—… historie affirmeth that should not onely 〈…〉 paâ—…yâ—…ng wyth â—…ordred 〈◊〉 that 〈…〉 thâ—â— absence she consented to take him to husbande It is lykewyse founde recorded by an olde wâ—…yter that Arthure besieged on a tyme theÌ„ marishes neere to Glastenburye for displeasurâ—… that he bare vnto a certayne Lorde that hyghte Melâ—… whiche hadde rauished Gumnere and ledde hâ—â— into those Marshes and there dyddâ—… keepe hir Hir corps notwithstandyng as before is recited was enterred togyther wyth Arthurs so that it is thought she liued not long after his deceasse Arthur had two wynes as Giralouâ—… Cambrensis affirmeth of whiche the latter sayth hee was buryed wyth hyde and hiâ—… boanes founde with his mone Sepulchre so deuided yet that two partes of the Tombe towardes the heade were appoynted to receyue the bones of the man and the thyrde parte towardes the feete conteyned the womans boanes a parte by them selues Here is to bee remembred that Hector Boetius wryteth otherwyse of the death of Arthure than before in thys booke is mencioned and also that Guenâ—…ere beeyng taken prysonâ—… by the Pictes was conueyed into Scotlande where fynally shee dyed and was there buryed in Aâ—…gus as in the Scottishe Chronicle further appeareth And thys may be true if he hadde three sundrye wyues eche of them bearing the name of Guenhere as sir Iohn Price doth auouche that hee had Bycause of the contrarieâ—…ie in wryters touchyng the greate actes atchieued by this Arthur and also for that some difference there is amongest them aboute the tyme in whyche he should reigne many haue doubted of the truthe of the whole historie whyche of hym is written as before ye haue hearde The Britishe histories and also the Scottishe Chronicles doe agree that he lyued in the days of the Emperour Iustinian about the fifteenth yeare of whose reigne hee dyed whiche was in the yeare of our Lorde 542. 542. as Harrison also confirmeth Howbeit some write farther from all lykely 〈◊〉 that he was aboute the tyme of the Emperor â—…eno who began his reign about the yeare of our Lord. 47â—… The 〈◊〉 of the booke 〈◊〉 Aurea historia affirmeth Aurea historia Leland that in the 〈…〉 of Cerdicus king of Weast Saxons Arthur the warriour râ—…fe amongest the Brytâ—…ns Also Diâ—â—neuâ—… writeth that 〈◊〉 fyghtyng oftentymes with Arthur if he were ouercome in one 〈◊〉 he â—…ose 〈◊〉 an other 〈◊〉 more tâ—â—rce had 〈◊〉 to giue battayle that before At lengthe Arthure 〈…〉 VVestsexon after the â—…elfth yeare 〈…〉 〈◊〉 gaue vnto 〈…〉 his homâ—… 〈◊〉 and â—â—aplâ—◠〈◊〉 the shyres of 〈…〉 and Somerset the whiche 〈…〉 â—…erdiems named West 〈◊〉 This Ceâ—…icius or 〈◊〉 came into Britayne aboute the yeare of our Lorde 491. and 〈◊〉 yere after his 〈◊〉 hither that is to witte about the yeare of our Lorde â—… he beganne gaâ—â— his raigne 〈◊〉 the West Saxons and gouerâ—â—â— the 〈◊〉 kyng by the space of the yeares as before ye haue heard But to followe the course of oure Chronicles accordingly as we haue begunne we muste allowe of their accompte herein as in other places and so proceede Constantine After the death of Arthur his cousin CoÌ„stantine the son of CadoÌ„r duke or earle of Cornwall beganne his reigne ouer the Brytayns in yeare of our Lorde .542 whiche was aboute the .xv. yeare of the Emperour Iustinianus almost ended the .29 of Childebert K. of Fraunce 54â—… and the first yeare welnere complete of the reigne of Totiles kyng of the Gothes in Italy Arthur when he perceyued that he should dye Galfriâ—… Mat. VVâ—… ordeyned this Constantine to succeede him and so by the consent of the more parte of the Brytons he was crowned kyng but the sonnes of Mordred sore repined thereat as they that claymed the rule of the land by iuste title and clayme of inheritaunce to them from theyr father descended Ciuill warre Herevpon followed ciuill warre so that dyners batayles were stricken betwene them and in the ende the two brethren were constrayned to withdrawe for refuge the one to London and the other to Winchester but Constantine parsriving them firste came to Wynchester and by force entred the Citie and slewe the one brother that was fledde thyther within the churche of Saincte Amphibalus And after commyng to London entred that Citie also and findyng the other brother within a Churche there slewe hym in lyke maner as he had done the other And so hauing dispatched his aduersaries he thoughte to haue purchased to himselfe safetie but shortly after Aurelius Conanus his own kinsman one Aurelius Conanus arreared warre agaynst him who ioyning with him in battaile Constantine slayne slew him in the field after he had reigned foure yeares His body was conueyed to Stonehenge and there duryed besyde his auncestour Vter Pendragon Of this Constantine that seemeth to be ment whiche Gildas writeth in his booke entitled De excidio Brytannia Gildas where inueying agaynste the rulers of the Brytons in his tyme hee writeth thus Britayn hath kings but the same be tyrants Iudges it hath but they be wicked oftentymes pilling and harmyng the innocent people reuenging and defending but whome suche as bee giltie persons and robbers Hauing many wyues but yet breakyng wedlocke Oftentymes swearyng and yet forswearing
yeares This Kenwalk was such a Prince Mat. 〈◊〉 dereg 〈◊〉 as in the beginning he was to be compared with the worst kind of rulers but in the middest and later ende of his raigne hee was to bee compared with y e best His godly zeale borne towards the aduancing of the Christian religion wel appeared in the building of the Church at Winchester where the Bishops Sea of al that prouince was theÌ„ placed His wife Sexburga ruled the Kyngdome of West Saxons after him a woman of stoutues ynough to haue atchieued actes of worthy remeÌ„brance but being preuented by deathe ere she had raigned one whole yeare she could not shewe any full proofe of hir noble courage I remember that Math. West maketh other report hereof declaring that the nobilitie remoued hir from the gouernement But I rather followe William Malmes in this matter TO proccede therefore after y t Sexburga was departed this life or deposed Escuinus if you wil nedes haue it so Escuinus or Elcuinus whose Grandfather called Cuthgislo y e brother of K. Kinigils succeded in gouernmeÌ„t of y e West Saxons VVil. Mal. reigning about y e space of two yeres and after his decesse one Centtuinus or Centwine tooke vppon him the rule and continued therein the space of nine yeares But Bede sayth that these two ruled at one time and deuided the kingdom betwixt them Elcuinus fought against Vulfhere Kyng of Mercia a greate number of men being slayne on both parties Hen. 〈◊〉 though Vulfhere yet had after a manner the vpper hand as some haue written In the same yere that the Sinode was holden at Herford Beda lib. â—… cap. sup 〈◊〉 that is to say in the yeare of our Lord 673. Ecgbert the King of Kent departed this life in Iuly King Locius and lefte the Kingdome to his brother Lothore which held the same eleuen yeares and seuen monethes VVil. Malm. Beda dereg lib. 1. Thunnir A vile maâ—…ther Some haue written that King Egbert by the suggestion of one Thunnir who had the chiefe rule of the kingdome vnder him suffered the sayde Thunnir to put vnto death Ethelbert or Ethelbright whiche were the sonnes of Ermenredus the brother of King Ercombert that was father vnto king Egbert for doubt leâ—…t they being towardly yong Gentlemen myghte in tyme growe so into fauor with the people that it shoulde bee easie for them to depriue both Egbert and his issue of the Kyngdome Also that they were priuily put to death and priuily buried at the firste but the place of their buriall immediately beeyng shewed after a miraculous manner theyr bodyes long after in the dayes of Kyng Egilrede the sonne of Kyng Edgar were taken vp and conueyed vnto Ramsey and there buried And although Egbert being giltie of the death of those his cousins did sore repent him for that he vnderstoode they dyed giltlesse yet hys brother Lothaire was thought to be punished for that offence as after shall be shewed Bishop Winfrid deposed Winfrid Bishop of the Mercies for cause of disobedience in some poynt was depriued by the Archbishop Theodore Sexvulfe ordeyned Bishop of the Mercies and one Sexvulfe that was the buylder and also the Abbot of the Monasterie of Meidhamstede otherwise called Peterborrough was ordeyned and consecrated in his place 675. as Math. West hath Bishop Erkenwalde About the same time Erkenwalde was ordeyned Bishop of the East Saxons and appoynted to hold his See in the Citie of London This Erkenwalde was reputed to bee a man of great holynesse and vertue Before he was made Bishoppe hee buylded two Abbeyes the one of Monkes at Chertsey in Sowtherie where hee himselfe was Abbot and the other of Nunnes at Berking within the prouince of the East Saxons Ethelburga where he placed his sister Ethelburga a woman also highly esteemed for hir deuout kinde of life Iohn Capgraue She was firste brought vp and instructed in the rules of hir profession by one Hildelitha a Nunne of the parties of beyond the Sea whome Erkenwald procured to come ouer for that purpose Waldhere Sebby king of East SaxoÌ„s Beda lib. 4. cap. 61. After Erkenwald one Waldhere was made Bishop of London in whose dayes Sebby king of the East Saxons after hee had raigned thirtie yeares beeing nowe vexed with a greeuous sicknesse professed himselfe a Monke whiche thyng he would haue done long before if his wife hadde not kept him backe Hee died shortly after within the Citie of London and was buried in the Church of Saint Paule King Sighere whyche in the beginning raigned with him VVil. Malâ—… and gouerned a parte of the East Saxons was departed thys life before so that in his latter time the foresayde Sebby had the gouernemente of the whole prouince of the East Saxons and left the same to his sonnes Sighard and Sewfred About the yeare of our Lorde .675 675 Vulfhere King of Mercia departed this life after hee hadde raigned as some haue .19 yeares VV. Mal. But other affirme that â—â— raigned .17 yeares Beda Peada or rather Weada but as other affirme hee raigned but .17 yeares Howbeit they which reckeÌ„ nineteene include the time that passed after the slaughter of Penda wherein Oswy and Peada held the aforesayde Kingdome King Ethelred The Bishoppe of Rochester Putta after that his Church was spoyled and defaced by the enimies wente vnto Sexvulfe the Bishop of Mercia and there obteyning of him a small â—â—re and a portion of ground remayned in that countrey not once labouring to restore his Church of Rochester to the former state but wente aboute in Mercia to teach song instruct suche as would learne musicke wheresoeuer hee was required or could get entertaynement Herevpon the Archbishop Theodore consecrated one William Bishop of Rochester in place of Putta and after when the sayd William constreyned by pouertie left that Church Theodore placed one Gebmound in his steede In the yeare of our Lord .678 in the moneth of August 678 A blasing Starre a blasing Starre appeared with a long bright beame like to a piller It was seene euery morning for the space of three monethes togither The same Ecgfrid king of Northumberland Mat. VVest Beda li. 4. cap. 12. Bishop Wilâ—…rid banished Hlagustald Hexam Eadhidus Lindesferne â—…oly ilande banished Bishop Wilfrid vppon displeasure taken with hym out of his See and then were two Bishops ordeyned in his place to gouerne the Church of the NorthuÌ„bers y e one named Bosa at Yorke the other called Eata at Hagustald or Lindesferne Also one Eadhidus was ordeined about the same time Bishop of Lindsey the which prouince king Egfride hadde of late conquered and taken from Vulfhere the late King of Mercia whome he ouercame in battel and droue him out of that couÌ„trey The said three Bishops were consecrated at Yorke by the Archbishop of Canterbury Theodorus the whiche within three yeares after ordeyned two Bishops more in that prouince of the
bâ—…riall in a vile place 〈◊〉 to the banke of a riuer called Lugge The kingdome of East Angles from thenceforth was brought so into decay that it remayned subiect one while vnto them of Mercia an other while vnto the west Saxons and somewhile vnto them of Kent till that Edmonde surnamed the Martyr obteyned the gouernment thereof as after shall appeare After that Selred king of East Saxons had gouerned the tearme of .xxxviij. yeares H. Hunt hee was slaine but in what maner wryters haue not expressed After him succeeded one Swithed or Swithred the .xj. and last in number that particularly gouerned those people He was finally expulsed by Egbert king of West Saxons the same yeare that the sayde Egbert ouercame the Kentish men as after shall be shewed and so the kings of that kingdom of the East Saxons ceassed and tooke ende About this time Friswide a virgine there was a Mayde in Oxforde named Friswide daughter to a certaine Duke or Noble man called Didanus wyth whom one Algarus a Prince in those parties fell in loue and woulde haue rauished hir but God the reuenger of sinnes was at hande as hir storie sayth For when Algar followed the mayd that fled before him she getting into the towne the gate was shutte agaynst him and his sight also was sodainly taken from him But the Mayde by hir prayers pacifyed Gods wrath towardes him so that his sight was to him againe restored But whether this bee a fable or a true tale hereof grewe the report that the kings of thys Realme long tymes after were afrayde to enter into the Citie of Oxforde So easily is the minde of man turned to superstition as sayth Polidore Kinewulfe This Kinewulfe proued a right worthee and valiant Prince and was descended of the â—â—ght line of Cerdicius The Brytayns vanquished Hee obteyned great victories agaynst the Brytaynes or Welchmen but at Bensington or Benton he lost a battaile againâ—â— Offa King of Mercia in the .xxiiij. yeare of hys raigne and from that time forwarde 〈◊〉 many displeasures at length through his owne folly hee came vnto a shamefull ende for where as he had raigned a long time neyther slouthfully nor presumptuously yet nowe as it were aduaunced with the glorie of things passed hee eyther thought that nothing coulde go against him or else doubted the suretie of their state whom he should leaue behind him and therefore he confined one Kineard the brother of Sigibert whose fame hee perceyued to encrease more than hee woulde haue wished This Kinearde dissembling the matter as hee that coulde giue place to tyme gotte him out of the Countrey and after by a secrete conspiracie assembled togyther a knotte of vngracious companie and returning priuily into the Countrey againe watched his tyme till he espied that the King wyth a small number of his seruauntes was come vnto the house of a Noble woman whome hee kept as Paramour at Merton whervpon the sayd Kineard vpon the sodain beset the house-round about The King perceyuing himselfe thus besieged of his enimies at the first caused the doores to be shutte supposing eyther by curteous wordes to appease his enimies or wyth his Princely authoritie to put them in feare But when he sawe that by neyther meane hee coulde doe good in a great chaufe he brake forth of the house vpon Kineard and went verie neare to haue killed him but beeing compassed aboute with multitude of enimies whylest hee stoode at defence thinkyng it a dishonour for hym to flie Kâ—…newuif slain by conspirators hee was beaten downe and slaine togyther with those fewe of his seruauntes which hee had there with hym who chose rather to die in seeking reuenge of their maisters death than by cowardice to yeeld themselues into the murtherers handes There escaped none excepte one Welchman or Brytayne an Hostage who was neuerthelesse sore wounded The bruyte of suche an heynous acte was streyght wayes blowen ouer all and brought with speede to the eares of the Noble men and Peeres of the Realme whiche were not farre off the place where this slaughter had beene committed Amongest other one Osrike for his age and wisedome accounted of most authoritie exhorted the residue that in no wyse they shoulde suffer the death of their soueraigne Lorde to passe vnpunished vnto theyr perpetuall shame and reproufe Wherevpon in all haste they ranne to the place where they knew to finde Kineard who at the fyrst beganne to pleade hys cause to make large promises to pretende cousynage and so forth but when he perceyued all that hee coulde say or doe might not preuaile hee encouraged his companie to shewe themselues valyaunt and to resyst theyr enimyes to the vttermoste of theyr powers Herevpon followed a doubtfull fight the one part stryuing to saue theyr lyues and the other to attaine honour and punish the slaughter of theyr soueraigne Lorde At length the victorie rested on the side where the right was so that the wicked murtherer after hee had fought a while at length was slaine togyther wâ—…th fourescore and eight of his Mates Sim. Dunel H. Hunt The Kings bodie was buried at Winchester and the murtherers at Repingdon Suche was the ende of King Kinewulfe after hee had raigned the tearme of .xxxi. yeares In the yeare of our Lorde .786 Bede 〈◊〉 Magd. 785. H. 〈◊〉 Legaâ—◠〈◊〉 the Pope or as Harison hath .787 Pope Adrian sent two Legaâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Englande Gregorie or as some Câ—…piâ—â— haue George Bishop of Ostia and Theophilactus bishop of Tuderto with letters commendatory vnto Offa king of Mercia and vnto Alfwolde king of Northumberlande and likewise to Ieanbright or Lambert Archbishop of Canterburie and to Eaubald Archbishop of Yorke These Legates were gladly receyued not only by the foresayde Kings Archbishops but also of all other the high estares aswel spiritual and temporal of the lande and namely of Kinewulfe king of the West Saxons which repayred vnto king Offa to take counsaile with him for reformation of suche articles as were conteyned in the Popes letters There were .xx. seuerall articles whiche they had to propone on the Popes behalfe Twentie aâ—…ticles which the Legates had to propone as touching the receyuing of the faith or articles established by the Nicene CouÌ„cel obeying of the other general Councels with instructions concerning baptisme and keeping of Synodes yearely for the examination of Priestes and Ministers and reforming of naughtie liuers Moreouer touching discretion to be vsed in the admitting of gouernors in Monasteries and Curates or priests to the ministerie in Churches and further for the behauior of priests in wearing their apparell namely that they should not presume to come to the aulter bare legged least their dishonestie might be discouered And that in no wisâ—… the Chalice or Paten were made of the borne of an Oxe bycause the same is bloudie of nature nor the host of a crust but of pure bread Also whereas Bishops vsed to sitte in Councels to iudge
theÌ„ very oft escaped The violence that was done to any one of them was reputed coÌ„mon to al such was their deadly fude conceyued in these cases that vntil they had requited the like with more extremity they would neuer be quiet nor let go their displeasure The noblest most couragious Gentleman would soonest desire to be placed in the forewarde where his vassalage or seruice manhood should readiliest be seene â–ª and such was the friendship of the nobility amongst theÌ„selues that whylest they contended which of them should be most faithful frendly to other they would oft fal out quarel one w t another Somtimes it hapned y t their Captaine was beset w t extreme peril or peraduenture some other of the nobility in which cases they y t were of his â—…aÌ„d wold suddenly rush in thorow y e thickest of their enimies vnto him deliuer him or els 〈◊〉 they could not so do they would altogither lose their liues with him thinking it a perpetuall note of reproche to ouerliue their leader The graues sepulchres of our noblemen had commoÌ„ly so many Obeliskes spires pitched about them as the deceased had killed enimies before time in y e fielde if any souldier had ben found in the fielde without his flint tinder boxe or had walked or gone vp downe with his sworde at his side and not naked in his haÌ„d for then vsed they light armor for y e most part he was terribly scourged but he that solde or morgaged his weapon was forthwith cut froÌ„ his company banished as an exile he that fled or went froÌ„ the battayle without leaue of his Capitayne was slayne wheresoeuer he was mette afterward without any iudgement or sentence and all his goodes coÌ„fiscated to the Prince Their light armour in those dayes consisted of the launce the bow the long sword which hanged at the side of y e owner therto a buckler but afterward heauier armour came into generall vsage In these dayes also the womeÌ„ of our country were of no lesse courage than the men for al stout maydeÌ„s wiues if they were not with childe marched so wel into the field as did the men so soone as the army did set forward they slew the first liuing creature y t they fouÌ„d in whose bloud they not onely bathed their swordes but also tasted thereof with their moâ—…thes with no lesse religioÌ„ assurance conceyued than if they had already bene sure of some notable fortunate victory when they saw their owne bloud run froÌ„ them in the fight they wexed neuer a whit astonnied with the matter but rather doubling their courages with more egernesse they assailed their enimies This also is to be noted of theÌ„ that they neuer sought any victory by treason falshed or sleight as thinking it a great reproch to winne the fielde any otherwise than by mere manhood prowesse playne dealing When they went foorth vnto the warres eche one went with the King of his owne cost except the hyred soldier which custome is yet in vse If any were troubled with the falling Euyll or Lepre or fallen frantike or otherwise out of his wits they were diligeÌ„tly sought out least those diseases should passe further by infectuous generatioÌ„ vnto their issue posterity they gelded the meÌ„ But y e womeÌ„ were secluded into some odde place farre off from the coÌ„pany of men where if she afterward hapned to be gotten with childe both she the infant were runne thorow with a launce gluttons raueners droÌ„kardes egregious deuouters of victualles were punished also by death first being permitted to deuour so much as they listed theÌ„ drowned in one fresh riuer or other Furthermore as iustice in time of warre was coÌ„monly driueÌ„ to perke so in daies of peace our countreymen that offended were oft seuerely punished with inconuenient rigor For they wel considered that after their people should returne and come home againe from the warres they would be giueÌ„ to so many enormities that the same theyr excesse should hardly be rest layned but by extreeme seuerity suche also was theyr nature that so soone as they knew themselues guilty of any offence committed agaynst the estate or coÌ„mon wealth that first attempt was to set discord amongst the Pictes Princes of the realme neuerthelesse when they are gently intreated with commons moderation they are found to be very tâ—…actable pliant vnto reason in priuate bargaines contractes they are so willing to giue euery man his owne that they will yeelde the more And so farre is it growne into a some eueÌ„ in these our dayes that except there be some sâ—…plusage aboue the bare couenaunt they will breake of and not go forwarde with the bargayne They vsed at the first the rites and maners of the Egyptians froÌ„ whence they came in al their priuate affayres they vsed not to write with common letters as other nations did but rather with Cyphers and figures of creatures made in maner of letters as their Epitaphes vpon their tombes sepultures remayning amoÌ„gst vs do hitherto declare Neuerthelesse in our times this Hietoglyphical maner of writing I wote not by what meanes is perished lost and yet they haue certaine letters propre vnto theÌ„selues which were sometime in coÌ„mon vse but among such as retaine the auncient spech they haue their aspiratioÌ„s dipthoÌ„gs pronunciation better than any other The coÌ„mon sorte are not in vre withall but onely they which inhabite in the higher part of the couÌ„try sith they haue their language more eloquent and apt than others they are called Poetes they make also Poetes w t great solemnity honour being borne out therein by the authority of the Prince Beside y e skil also of many other artes sciences whose rules Methodes are turned into y e sayd language are giueÌ„ by tradition froÌ„ theyr elders they chiefly excel in Phisick wherin they go far beyond many other who learning of theÌ„ y e natures qualitie of such hearbes as grow in those quarters do heale al maner of diseases eueÌ„ by their only applicatioÌ„ Certes there is no regioÌ„ in y e whole world so barreÌ„ vnfruteful through distauÌ„ce froÌ„ the Sunne but by y e prouidence of God all maner of necessaries for the sustentatioÌ„ of mankind dwelling there are to be had therin if y e inhabitants were such as had any skil how to vse y e same in order Neuerthelesse our elders which dwelled continually vpoÌ„ the Marches of England learned y e Saxon toung through coÌ„tinuall trade of marchandize and hazard of the warres long since whereby it came to passe that we neglected our owne language and our owne maners and thereto bothe our auncient order in writing and speakyng is vtterly left among vs that inhabite neare vnto theÌ„ wheras contrary wise those that dwell in the mouÌ„taines reteyne still their auncient speach letters almost all
nation if they suffered themselues to bee vanquished in that iustauâ—…t With these woordes or other muche what of the semblable effect Galde so moued the handes of his people that they desired nothing 〈◊〉 ioyne with theyr enimies and to trie it with them by dinte of swoorde which they vniuersally signified according to theyr accustomed vse with a great noyse shoute and clamour On the other parte Agricola though he pâ—â—ceyued a greate desire amongst his souldiers to fight yet hee was not negligent on his owne behalfe to encourage them with moste cheerefull woordes and countenaunce so that bothe the armies being thus bente to haue battayle the generals on bothe partes beganne to sette them in array Agricola to the ende his armie being the lesser number shoulde not bee assayled both afront and on the sides prouided by disposing them in a certaine order a remedie against that disaduantage On the other side king Galde Galde by reason of his multitude this lieth to endde his enimies by reason of the aduauntage whiche hee had in his greate multitude and number ordered his battaylâ—…s thereafter with a long and large fronte placing the fame vppon the higher grounde of purpose to compasse in the enimies on eche side At the firste approche of the one armie towardes the other The armies approch togither to fight the battayle was begonne righte fiercely with shotte of arrowes and hurling of dartes whiche being once paste They ioyne they ioyned togither to trie the matter by hande strokes wherein the Scottes and Pictes had one disaduauntage for those that were archers or as I may call them kernes comming once to fight at hande blowes had nothing but broade swordes and certaine sorie light bucklers to defend themselues with suche as serue to better purpose for menne to ryde with abroade at home The Scottish mens disaduaÌ„tage by reason of their vnfit weapons than to bee caried foorth into the warres thought the same haue bene so vsed amongst the Scottish men euen till these our dayes The Romains therefore being well appointed with armure and broade Tergettes slewe downe right a greate number of these Scottes and Pictes thus slenderly furnished without receiuing any great domage againe at their haÌ„ds till king Galde appoynted his speare menne to steppe foorth before those archers and kernes to succour them and therewith also the bill menne came forewarde and stroke on so freshly that the Romains were beaten downe on heapes in such wise that they were neare at poynt to haue bene discomfited A cohort of Germains restored the Romaine side neare at poynt to haue had the worse had not a bande of Germains whiche serued amongst the Romains rushed foorth with greate violence vppon the Scottishe men where moste daunger appeared and so restored againe the faynting stomakes of the Romains whereby the battayle renewed on bothe sides againe right fierce and cruell that greate ruthe it was to beholde that blouddie fight and moste vnmercyfull murder betwixte them whiche continued with more violence on the Scottishe side than any warlyke skill The night severeth the armies in sunder and parteth the fray till finally the night comming on tooke the dayes light from them bothe and so parted the fray The Romains withdraw to their caÌ„pe the Scottes to the mouÌ„tains The Romains withdrewe to theyr campe and the Scottes and Pictes with theyr confederates the Danes Norwegians and Irish men suche as were left aliue got them into the nexte mountaynes hauing loste in this cruell conflict the moste parte of theyr whole numbers Cornelius Tacitus agreeth not in al points with the Scottishe Chronicles in a booke which he wrote of the lyfe of Iulius Agricola where hee intreateth of this battayle For hee speaketh but of .xxx. See more hereof in the historie of England thousande men which he comprehendeth vnder the generall name of Brytains to be assembled at that time agaynst the Romains making no mention of any Scottes Pictes Irish men Norwegians or Danes that should be there in their ayde The number of them that were slayne of the Brytains side as the same Tacitus recounteth amounted to aboute .x. M. men The number of them that were slayne at this battayle of Romains not passing .iij. C. and .xl. Amongst whom was one Aulus Atticus a captaine of one of the cohortes But as the Scottish writers affirme there died that day of Scottes Pictes and other their confederates at the poynt of .xx. M. and of the Romains and suche as serued on their side as good as .xij. M. Moreouer the night following when Galdus with the residue of his people which were left aliue was withdrawen to the mountains that the huge losse was vnderstoode by the wiues kinneswomen of the dead there began a pitiful nayse amongst them lameÌ„ting and bewailing theyr miserable case losses But Galde doubting least the same shoulde come to the eares of some espialles Women bewayle their friendes that mighte lurke neare to the place where hee was withdrawen caused an huge shoute and noyse to be raysed by his people as though it had bene in token of some reioysing till the women bewayling thus the death of theyr friendes might be remoued out of the way This done they fell to take counsel what was best to do in this case in the end al things considered it was determined that somewhat before the dawning of y e next morow euery man should dislodge withdraw himselfe into suche place as he thought moste meetest for his safegard The Scottish men and Picts breake vp their campe saue only such as were appointed to attend Galde Garnard into Atholle whether they minded with al speede to go Thus leauing a gret nuÌ„ber of fires to dissimule their departure they dislodged made away with al speede possible In the morning when their departure was once discouered a great nuÌ„ber of y e Romains followed as it had bene in the chase but some of the vnaduisedly aduenturing to farre forward The Romains in pursuyng vnaduisedly are distressed were enclosed by theyr enimies and slayne Those that wrought this feat gotte them to the nexte hilles and so escaped At length when all the fieldes and countreys adioyning were discouered and the same appearing to be quite deliuered of all ambushmentes of the enimies Agricola caused the spoyle to be gathered and after marched foorth into Angus where for so muche as sommer was paste he appointed to winter Agricola subdueth Angus and wintreth there and so comming thyther and subduing the countrey he tooke pledges of the best amongst the inhabitants and lodged his people about him in places most conuenient Aboute the same time Agricola heard newes from his nauie as theÌ„ riding at auere in Argile what mishap had chaunced to the same in Pictland Frith Agricola is certified of the mischaunce of his nauie But herewith being not greatly discouraged he gaue order that the shippes whiche had escaped
Athirco doubting to be forsaken of his owne meÌ„ if it came to the triall of battaile coÌ„uâ—…yed himselfe from amoÌ„gst them and considered of what force and power they were and how feeble his part was through want of good willes in his people hee priuily stale away from them and woulde haue passed ouer into Ila one of the westerne Isles to haue procured some succour there but being embarqued and set from the shore he was by contrarie windes driueÌ„ backe againe to land where doubting to come into his enimies handes hee chose rather to slea himselfe Athirco slayeth himselfe and so ended his wretched life in suche miserable extremitie after hee had raigned the space of xij yeares His raigne continued till the dayes of the Emperour Gordian the third or as other say till the time of the Emperour Valerian 242. H. B. But as Master Harison hath gathered hee raigned in the dayes of the Emperour Aurelius Claudius Doorus the brother of Athirco coâ—â—yeth himselfe out of the way Doorus the brother of Athirco vnderstaÌ„ding of the death of his brother disguised himselfe in beggers weede for doubte of death and went into Pictlande with .iij. of his Nephewes sonnes to the same Athirco whose names were Sindock Carance and Donald Howebeit Natholocus hauing knowledge whither he was fled Natholocus seeketh the life of Doorus sent forth certaine of his seruants with coÌ„maundement to searche him out commaunding furthermore very straightly that if they founde him they should dispatch him out of life for feare of further mischiefe But they that were sent finding one in all features proportioÌ„ of body resembling Doorus slew the one in steede of the other so returning home to their Master they made him very ioyfull of y e newes although in deede they came not neare to Doorus Then Natholocus causing the estates of the Realme to assemble he handled the mater in such wise by disswading theÌ„ to choose any of Athircos bloud to raigne ouer theÌ„ for doubt least they should seeke any meanes how to reueÌ„ge his death that in the ende Natholocus is chosen to be king this Natholocus was elected himself more by force than by any coÌ„mon coÌ„sent of the nobles for diuers of them doubting y e craftie nature whiche they knew to be in him wished rather that the issue of Athirco hauing deserued nothing why to be defrauded of y e kingdome saue only in respect of the fathers offences might haue enioyed that whiche of right they ought to haue had that is either one of theÌ„ to be king or els some neare kinsman of theyrs to raigne as king til the eldest of them might come to sufficient yeares to beare the rule himselfe BVt Natholocus beyng once proclaymed king by the multitude Natholocus and Athircos bloud attaynted of treason and so published according to the custome he tooke the othes of those that were present Natholocus goeth vnto Dunstafage to be â—â—â—sed and then repayred vnto Dunstafage there to be inuested according to the manner This done hee called suche aside as he suspected and talking with them alone hee exhorted them to be faithfull Natholocus seeketh to procure loue of the nobilitie through bribes promising to be theyr assured good Lorde and Maister and for an earnest thereof he gaue vnto diuers of them very great rewardes Generally vnto all men he shewed himselfe very gentle and tractable thereby to winne their loues for the better establishment of his newe atchieued estate And hereto he employed suche riches as the former kings had heaped togither amongst the Nobles studying by all meanes to auoyde all seditious quarels and secrete discordes amongst them Thus â—â—ling the realme at his will for certaine yeares Fortune fauoring Natholâ—…cus for a 〈◊〉 began to chaunge couÌ„tenance at length fortune began to shewe a chaunge of countenance after hir olde accustomes guile For Doorus the brother of Arthirco whom as ye haue heard Natholocus supposed to haue bene dead wrote certaine letters signifying his owne estate with the welfare of his Nephewes the children of Athirco vnto certaine Scottishe Lordes Doorus wryteth vnto certaine Scottish lords to moue them to rebelâ—â—â— whome hee knewe to fauour his cause Whiche letters hee deliuered vnto a Pictishe woman appoynting hyr how and to whome she shoulde deliuer the same but the woman apprehended by the way and brought vnto Natholocus hee caused hyr secretely to be sacked and throwen into a riuer Afterwardes sending for suche of the Nobles as the direction of the foresayde letters had giuen him occasion to haue in some suspâ—â—ion Natholocus putreth such to death as he suspecteth to fauour Doorus he committed them first to pryson and at length caused them to be secretely strangled A rebellion against Natholocus Whiche wicked deede being once notified abroade moued so the hartes of theyr friends and alies that they procured the people to rebell and so gathering them togither they raysed open and cruell warres against him Natholocus enformed of their determinations withdrewe himselfe priuily into Murray lande there to get togither an armie to resist his enimies and for that he was desirous also to vnderstande somewhat of the issue of this trouble Natholocus sendeth vnto a witche to know the conclusion of his enimies attemptes he sent one of his trustie seruaunts being a gentleman of that countrey vnto a woman that dwelt in the Isle of Colmkil otherwise called Iona esteemed very skilfull in foreshewing of things to come to learne of hyr what fortune should happe of this warre whiche was already begunne 252. H. B. This chaunced in the yeare of our Lord .280 and in the .xj. yeare after the first entring of Natholocus into the estate The Lordes of the realme assemble togither to choose a new king After Natholocus was thus dispatched the peeres asseÌ„bled togither to ordeyne for y e gouernment of the realme where in the ende it was amongst them concluded that the sonnes of Athirco should be sent for into Picteland and Findock receiued for king The sonnes of Athirco are sent for the eldest of them named Findock chosen to raygne The Morauian that slew Natholocus was appointed to fetch them who according to his commission comming into Pict lande conueyed them right honorably into Argile where Findocke beyng already chosen king was placed on the stone of marble with all the ceremonies in that case appertayning The leagues with the Brytaines Findock obserueth the leagues confirmed of former tymes with his neybours Those of the out Isles inuade the couÌ„treys of Rosse and Murray lande Pictes and Romains hee firmely obserued But as peace with forrayne enimies breedeth ofttimes ciuill discorde at home so came it then to passe with him at this present for one Donald of the Isles a noble man borne came ouer with an armie into Rosse and Murray land fetching from thence a great spoile bootie not without great slaughter of suche as
Eugenius after he had gouerned the kingdome about three yeares his bodie was buried in Colmekill amongest his auncesters thoughe the people thought it little worthie of that honor which had misused it selfe so inordinately in this present life Ferguse 767. AFter him came the administration of the Realme vnto Ferguse the thirde the sonne of king Ethfine in the yeare 767. who being established in the same Ferguse the thirde created king beganne freely to practise all kindes of vices which most abundantly raigned in him howbeit till that day wonderfully dissembled and kept couert He seemed to striue howe to passe his predessour in all poyntes of wickednesse A wicked Prince Hee tooke no regarde at all to the gouernment of his Realme but gaue himselfe to excessiue gluttonie in deuouring of delicate meates and drinks and therwith kept suche a number of vile strumpettes in house with him whom hee vsed as concubines that his wife was no better esteemed than as an handmayde or rather a kitchin mayde Who being a woman of great modestie and sober aduisednesse coulde not yet but take sore griefe and indignation hereat and therefore sundrie tymes assayed by waye of wholesome perswasions to turne his minde from such sinfull vsages and filthie trade of liuing Finally when she saw there was no hope to conuert his deprauate minde nor by any meanes to refourme him but that the more shee laboured to doe good vppon him the worse he was through verie displeasure of suche iniuries as shee daylye susteyned at the handes of his concubines King Ferguse the third strangled by his wife shee founde meanes to strangle him secretely one night as hee lay in his bed choosing rather to be without a husband than to haue one that shoulde deceyue hir of the right and dutie of mariage and that in such sort as she must be faine to suffer the reproch dayly afore hir face being misvsed of them whom he kept as paramours in most dispiteful maner The day after she wrought this feate the bodie being founde deade was apparayled in funerall wise brought forth into the place of iudgement where inquisition was straightly made what they were that had done so heynous a deed For though there were but few that lamented his death yet some of his friends were verie earnest to haue the matter tryed forth that such as had cōmitted the murther might suffer due punishment Suspicious persons are racked Many were apprehended and had to the rack but yet could not be founde that would confesse it The Queene was voyde of all suspition as she that had bene taken for a woman at all times of great temperancie But yet when shee hearde that a number of innocent persons were tormented without desart sore lamenting as shoulde appeare theyr miserable case she came hastily into the Iudgement hall The Queene confessed the murther and getting hir aloft vpō the bench there in the presence of al the company she had these or the like wordes vnto the whole assembly I knowe not good people I knowe not what God moueth me or what diuine reuengement vexeth me with sundry thoughts and cogitations that of all this daye and morning preceeding I haue had neither rest in bodie nor minde And verely when I hearde that certaine guiltlesse persons were cruelly tormented here in your presence had not wrath giuen place party vnto modestie whereof I must confesse there is left but a small portiō in me I had forthwith rid my self out of the way The kings death was mine act Conscience constrayneth me setting apart mine owne safegarde to confesse the truth least the guiltlesse shoulde wrongfully perishe Therefore vnderstande yee for truth that none of them whome ye haue examined are priuie to the offence I verily am she that with these wicked handes haue strangled this night last past Ferguse about whose death I see you in trouble moued so to do with two as sharpe pricks as may rest in a woman to wit Impatient forbearing of carnall lust and yrefull wrath Ferguse by his continuall vsing of concubines kept from me the due debt that the husbande oweth to the wife whereupon when there was no hope to reconcile him with often aduertisementes vehement force of anger rysing in my heart droue mee to doe so wicked a deed I thought lieffer therefore to dispatch the Adulterer then being destitute of my husbande and defrauded of all Queenely honor to liue still subiect vnto the perpetuall iniuries of such lewde women as hee kept and vsed in my steade She giueth hir owne sentence Loose ye therefore those that be accused of the kings death and as for me ye shall not neede to proceede agaynst me as guiltie of the crime by order of law for I that was so bolde to commit so heynous an act will accordingly do execution vpon my selfe euen here incontinently in presence of you all what honour is due to the deade looke you to that Hauing thus made an ende of hir tale The Queene taketh execu◅ of hir selfe shee plucked forth a knife which she had hid vnder hir gowne and stroke hirselfe to the heart with the same falling deade vpon it downe to the grounde All such as were present wondered greatly at hir stoute and hardie stomacke speaking diuersly thereof as some in prayse and some in disprayse of these hir monstrous doings The bodie of Ferguse was caryed foorth to the I le of Colmekill and there buryed in the thirde yeare after his entring into the gouernment and in the yeare of our Lorde 769. 767. H.B. The Quenes corps was not buried in sacred ground for that she slue hirselfe Thus he being in maner impotent and lame of his lymmes there were some commotions misorders the more boldly attempted first amongst thē of y e out Iles. A rebellion For Bane Makedonald goueruernor by the kings appointment of the Ilande called Tyre got all the castels and fortresses of the Iles into his owne handes and strengthned with a route of vnruly and mischieuous youthful persons Makedonalde proclaymed king of the Iles. toke possession of al the said Iles causing himselfe to be proclaimed king of the same And yet not contented herewith he gathered a number of shippes togither wherein transporting himselfe with a great armie ouer into Lorne and Cantyre He inuadeth Lorn and Cantyre made great wast spoyle of those countreys til Duthquhal gouernor of Athole and Culane of Argyle A power from the king is sent against him beeing sent with a chosen power from the king to defend the countrey chaunced to encounter with him and putting him with hys people vnto flight chased them vnto such a strait where there was no way to get forth saue onely that by which they entered This place is in Lorn with a strayght passage to enter into it but whē ye are within it the same is verie large and brode enuironed aboute with craggie mountaynes chayned togither
seemed most vnhappie as he that coulde not but still liue in continuall feare least his wicked practise concerning the death of Malcolme Duffe should come to light and knowledge of the worlde For so commeth it to passe that such as are pricked in conscience for any secrete offence committed haue euer an vnquiet minde And as the fame goeth it chaunced that a voyce was hearde as he was in bed in the night time to take his rest A voyce heard by the king vttering vnto him these or the like wordes in effecte Thinke not Kenneth that the wicked slaughter of Malcolme Duffe by thee contriued is kept secret from the knowledge of the eternall God Thou art he that didst conspire the innocents death enterprysing by trayterous meanes to doe y t to thy neighbour which thou wouldest haue reuenged by cruell punishment in any of thy subiects if it had bene offred to thy selfe It shal therefore come to passe that both thou thyselfe and thy issue through the iust vngeance of almightie God shall suffer worthie punishment to the infamie of thy house and family for euermore For euen at this present are there in hande secrete practises to dispatche both thee and thy issue out of the way that other may enioy this kingdome which thou dost endeuor to assure vnto thine issue The king with this voyce being stryken into great dread and terror The king confesseth his sinnes passed that night without any sleepe comming in his eyes Wherefore in the morning he got him vnto Bishop Mouean a man of great holynesse of life vnto whom he confessed his heynous and most wicked offence beseeching him of counsell which way hee might obtaine pardon and forgiuenesse at Gods handes by worthie penance Mouean hearing how the king bemoaned his offence committed he willed hym to bee of good comfort For as the wrath of almightie God was prouoked by sinne and wicked offences so was the same pacified againe by repentance The king taketh great repentance if so be we continue penitent and willing to amend King Kenneth being confirmed in hope of forgiuenesse by these and sundrie other the like comfortable wordes of the Bishop studied vnfeynedly to doe worthie penaunce leauing nothing vndone which hee thought might serue for a witnesse of his penitent heart thereby to auoyde the vengeance which he stoode in feare of to be prepared for him by reason of his heynous and wicked cryme The king wēt to Fordune a pilgrimage It chaunced hereupon that within a short time after hee had beene at Fordune a Towne in Mernes to visite the Relikes of Paladius which remaine there he turned a little out of the way to lodge at the Castel of Fethircarne A Parke with wilde beastes at the castel of Fethircarne where as then there was a Forrest ful of al maner of wild beasts that were to be had in any part of Albion Here was hee receyued by Fenella Ladie of the house whose sonne as ye haue heard he caused to be put to death for the commotion made betwixt them of Mernes and Angus Fenella was a kin◅ce vnto Malcolme She was also a kyn vnto Malcolme Duffe whome the king had made away and in like maner vnto Constantine and Gryme defrauded of their right to the crowne by the craftie deuise of the king as before is partly mencioned This woman therefore beeing of a stoute stomacke long time before hauing conceyued an immortall grudge towardes the king vpon the occasions before rehearsed namely aswell for the death of hir sonne Cruthlynt as hauing some ynckling also of the empoysoning of Malcolme Duffe She was desirous for to reuenge though no full certaintie thereof was knowne imagined night and day how to be reuenged She vnderstoode that the king delyted aboue measure in goodly buyldings and therefore to the ende to cōpasse hir malicious intent Fenella his mali◅ious intent she had caused a tower to be made ioyning vnto hir owne lodging within the foresayd castell of Fethircarn The which tower was couered ouer with copper finely engrauen with diuerse flowers and Images Hereto was it hung within with riche clothes of Arras wrought with golde and silke very fayre and costly Crossebowes readie bent hidden Behinde the same were there Crossebowes set readie bent with sharpe quarrels in them In the middest of the house there was a goodly brasen Image also resembling the figure of king Kenneth holding in the one hande a faire golden Apple set full of precious stones deuised with such arte and cunning that so soone as any man should drawe the same vnto him or remoue it neuer so little any way forth the Crossebowes would immediately discharge theyr quarrels vppon him with great force and violence Fenella had the king into the inner chamber Fenella therefore being thus prouided aforehande at after meate desired the king to go with hir into that inner chamber into the which being entred he could not be satisfied of long with the beholding of the goodly furniture aswell of the hangings as of diuerse other things At the last hauing viewed the Image which stoode as is sayde in the middest of the chamber he demaunded what the same did signifie Fenella answered how that Image did represent his person and the golden Apple set so richly with Smaragds Iacincts Saphires Topases Rubie◅ Turkasses and such like precious stones shee had prouided as a gyft for him and therfore requyred him to take the same beseeching him to accept it in good part though it were not in value worthie to bee offred vnto his Princely honor and high dignitie And herewith she hirselfe withdrew aside as though she woulde haue taken something forth of a Chest or Coffer therby to auoyde the daunger But the king delyted in beholding the gemmes and orient stones The king was slaine with the Crossebowes at length remouing the Apple the better to aduise it incontinently the Crossebowes discharged their quarrels so directly vpon him that stryking hym through in sundrie places hee fell downe starke deade and lay flat on the ground Fenella escaped from them all Fenella as soone as she behelde him fall to the ground readie to die she got forth by a backe doore into the next woods where she had appoynted horses to tary for hir by meane whereof she escaped out of all daunger of thē that pursued hir His seruants looked for their king ere the death of the king were openly knowne vnto them His seruāts stil wayting for his comming forth in the vtter chamber at length when they sawe he came not at all first they knocked at the doore softly then they rapped hard thereat lastly doubting that which had happened The doores broken open they finde him dead they break open doore after doore til at lēgth they came into the chamber where the king laye colde deade vpon the floore The clamor and crie herevpon was raysed by his seruants Fenella could not
into Norway cursing the tyme that hee set forewarde on this infortunate iourney The other shippes whiche hee lefte behinde him within three dayes after his departure from thence The fleete of the Norwaygians suncke by vehement rage of winde were tossed so togyther by violence of an East winde that beatyng and russhyng one agaynst an other they suncke there and lie in the same place euen vnto these dayes to the greate daunger of other suche shippes as come on that coaste for being couered with the floudde when the tide commes at the ebbyng againe of the same some parte of them appeare aboue water The place where y e Danish vessels were thus lost is yet cleped Drownelow sandes Drownelow sandes This ouerthrow receiued in maner aforesaid by Sueno was right displeasant to him and his people as shoulde appeare in that it was a custome many yeares after that no Knightes were made in Norway The othe that knights tooke in Norway to reuenge the death of theyr frendes excepte they were firste sworne to reuenge the slaughter of theyr countreymen and frendes thus slayne in Scotland The Scottes hauing wonne so notable a victory after they had gathered and diuided the spoyle of the fielde Solemne processions for victory gottē caused solemne processions to be made in all places of the realme and thankes to be giuen to almightie God that had sent them so fayre a day ouer their enimies But whylest the people were thus at theyr processions A tower of Danes arriue at Kyncorne 〈◊〉 of Englād woorde was brought that a newe fleete of Danes was arriued at Kingcorne sent thyther by Canute king of England in reuenge of his brothers Suenoes ouerthrow To resist these enimies whiche were already landed The Danes vanquished by Makbeth and Banquho and busie in spoiling the countrey Makbeth and Banquho were sente with the kings authoritie who hauing with them a conuenient power encountred the enimies slewe parte of them and chased the other to their shippes They that escaped and got once to theyr shippes obtayned of Makbeth for a great summe of golde that suche of theyr freendes as were slaine at this last bickering might be buried in Saint Colmes Inche Danes buried in S. Colmes Inche In memorie whereof many olde Sepultures are yet in the sayde Iuche there to be seene grauen with the armes of the Danes as the maner of burying noble men still is and heretofore hath bene vsed A peace was also concluded at the same time betwixte the Danes and Scottishmen A peace concluded betwixt Scottes and Danes ratified as some haue wryten in this wise That from thence foorth the Danes shoulde neuer come into Scotlande to make any warres agaynst the Scottes by any maner of meanes And these were the warres that Duncane had with forrayne enimies in the seuenth yeare of his reygne Shortly after happened a straunge and vncouth wonder whiche afterwarde was the cause of muche trouble in the realme of Scotlande as ye shall after heare It fortuned as Makbeth Banquho iourneyed towarde Fores where the king as then lay they went sporting by the way togither without other companie saue only thēselues passing through the woodes and fieldes when sodenly in the middes of a laūde there met them .iij. women in straunge ferly apparell resembling creatures of an elder worlde whom when they attentiuely behelde wondering much at the sight ▪ The first of them spake sayde The prophesie of three womē supposing to be the weird sisters or feiries All hayle Makbeth Thane of Glammis for he had lately entred into that dignitie and office by the death of his father Synel The .ij. of them said Hayle Makbeth Thane of Cawder but the third sayde All Hayle Makbeth that hereafter shall be king of Scotland Then Banquho what maner of women saith he are you that seeme so litle fauourable vnto me where as to my fellow here besides highe offices yee assigne also the kingdome appointyng foorth nothing for me at all Yes sayth the firste of them wee promise greater benefites vnto thee than vnto him for he shall reygne in in deede but with an vnluckie ende neyther shall he leaue any issue behinde him to succeede in his place where contrarily thou in deede shalt not reygne at all but of thee those shall be borne whiche shall gouerne the Scottishe kingdome by long order of continuall discent Herewith the foresayde women vanished immediatly out of theyr sight A thing to wonder at This was reputed at the first but some vayne fantasticall illusion by Makbeth and Banquho in so muche that Banquho woulde call Makbeth in ieste kyng of Scotland Banquho the father of many kings and Makbeth againe would call him in sporte likewise the father of many kings But afterwards the common opinion was that these women were eyther the weird sisters that is as ye would say y e Goddesses of destinie or els some Nimphes or Feiries endewed with knowledge of prophesie by their Nicromanticall science bicause euery thing came to passe as they had spoken The Thane of Cawder condemned of treason Makbeth made Thane of Cawder For shortly after the Thane of Cawder being condemned at Fores of treason against the king committed his landes liuings and offices were giuen of the kings liberalitie vnto Makbeth The same night after at supper Banquho iested with him and sayde now Makbeth thou haste obtayned those things which the twoo former sisters prophesied there remayneth onely for thee to purchase that which the third sayd should come to passe Makbeth deuiseth how he might attaine the kingdom Wherevpon Makbeth reuoluing the thing in his minde began euen then to deuise howe he mighte attayne to the kingdome but yet hee thought with himselfe that he must tary a time whiche shoulde aduaunce him thereto by the diuine prouidence as it had come to passe in his former preferment Makbeth sore troubled herewith for that he sawe by this meanes his hope sore hindered where by the olde lawes of the realme the ordinance was that if he that shoulde succeede were not of able age to take the charge vpon himselfe he that was nexte of bloud vnto him shoulde be admitted he beganne to take counsell howe he might vsurpe the kingdome by force Makbeth studieth whiche way he may take the kingdome by force hauing a iuste quarell so to do as he tooke the mater for that Duncane did what in him lay to defraude him of all maner of title and clayme whiche hee mighte in tyme to come pretende vnto the crowne The woordes of the three weird sisters also Prophesies moue men to vnlawfull attemptes of whome before ye haue heard greatly encouraged him herevnto but specially his wife lay sore vpon him to attempt the thing as she that was very ambitious brenning in vnquenchable desire to beare the name of a Queene Womes desirous of high estate At length therefore communicating his
right commodious possessions Moreouer he translated the Bishops Sea of Murthlake vnto Aberden for sundrie aduised considerations augmenting it with certaine reuenues as he thought expedient There goeth a fond forged tale A tale that this king Dauid being in the Castel of Edenburgh on the holy Rood day in Haruest otherwise called the Exaltation of the crosse it chauÌ„ced that through excyting of certaine yong Lordes and Gentlemen after he had beene at Churche hee tooke his Horse and rode foorth into the next wooddes to hunt the Harte for in those dayes all that countrey was full of Woods and wast grounds replenished with Deare and wilde beastes The Countrey about Edenburgh in olde time full of Wood. small tyllage as then beeing vsed in any part of the Realme for all the people in maner were giuen to breeding of Castell more than to any other trade of liuing This was in the same place where nowe springs a fountaine called the Rood Well There is no man that could tell of what matter this Crosse was made whether of mettall stone or of tree A dreame He was admonished also as the report goeth in his slepe the next night after that he should buylde an Abbay in the same place where thys chaunce happened Holy Rood house builded Wherupon he sent for workmen into Fraunce and Flaunders and set them in hande to buyld this Abbey of Chanons reguler as he was admonished dedicating it in the honor of the Crosse The foresayde Crosse remayned in this Abbey til the dayes of king Dauid Bruce who lost it to the English men at Durram field where he was takeÌ„ prisoner But inough of these MoÌ„kish deuises Many prudent men blame greatly the vnmeasurable liberalitie of king Dauid the which he vsed towardes the Churche Liberalitie in king Dauid toward the Church reproued in diminishing so hugely the reuenues of the Crowne beeing the cause that manye noble Princes his successours haue come to their final endes for that they haue beene constrayned through want of treasure to mainteyne their royall estates to procure the fall of sundrie great houses to possesse theyr landes and liuings Also to rayse paymentes and exactions of the common people to the vtter impouerishment of the realme And sometime haue they bene constrayned to inuade Englande by warres as desperate men not caring what came of their liues Otherwhiles haue they beene inforced to stampe naughtie money to the great preiudice of the common wealth All which mischiefes haue followed sithe the time that the Church hath beene thus enryched The Churche enriched and the crowne enpouerished The saying of king Iames the first A soer Saint and the crowne empouerished Therfore king Iames the first when he came to king Dauid his Sepulture at Dunfirmling he sayd that he was a soer Saint for the crown meaning that he left the Church ouer riche and the Crowne too poore For he tooke from the crowne as Iohn Maior wryteth in his Chronicles lx thousand pouÌ„d Scottish of yearely reuenues Io. Maior Lx. M. pounds in lands giuen to the church which he endowed those Abbayes with But if king Dauid had considered the maner how to nourish true religion he had neyther endowed Churches with such riches nor buylt them with such royall magnificence Superfluous possessions of the Church for the superfluous possessions of the Church as they are now vsed are not only occasion to euill Prelates to liue in moste insolent pompe and corruption of life but also an assured net to drawe all maner of gold and siluer out of the realme howbeit lesse domage would follow if the Abbays were at the prouision of their ordinaries without any dispensation from theyr habite and religion and the ordinaries to be placed and admitted by their prymate without exemption and the prymate by the councel prouincial For within these .lxx. yeares sayth the translator of Hector Boetius his Chronacles meaning from the time that he wrote 〈◊〉 whiche was aboute the yeare of our redemption .1530 no benefices at all were fetched from Rome â—…fices fetched from Rome saue onely Bishoprickes Sithe whiche time it is knowen wel inough sayth he what golde and siluer hath gone foorth of the realme for the purchasing of spirituall promotions And therfore it is as he also saith to be doubted least the realme shal be brought to irrecouerable pouertie by continuall promotion of Prelates within these fewe yeares Promotion of prelates so as it shal be an easie pray to the enimies sithe it may not sustayne so great charges nowe by reason hereof in time of warres as it hath done in the dayes of our elders Thus muche haue I taken foorth of the saide translators wordes and of Iohn Maior his booke touching the abuse of spirituall meÌ„s possessions the which both of them do earnestly lament with many moe woordes in the place before alledged where they make mencion of king Dauid his great munificeÌ„ce towards the church But nowe to returne where I left touching the historie ye shall note that as I sayde before king Dauid had by his wife Mauld inheritour to parte of Northumberland Cumberland and Huntington a sonne named Henry who maried the Erle of Warrannes daughter Earle of Waranne a lady of high parentage as discended of most noble bloud both French and English The issue of Henry On whom he begat three sonnes Malcolme William and Dauid also three daughters Adhama Margaret Maulde But now in the meane time whilest the astate of the common wealth in Scotland stood in high felicitie vnder the prosperous gouernmeÌ„t of king Dauid Queene Mauld deceasseâ— there happened to him an heauie losse for the Queene his wife the foresayd Mauld deceassed in hyr flourishing age a woman of passing beautie and chastitie whiche two poynts as is thought commende a woman aboue all the rest King Dauid therefore tooke suche griefe for hyr death that he woulde neuer after giue his minde to marie any other but passed the residue of his life without companie of all women She was buried in Scone in the yeare of our lorde God .1132 1132. Whilest these things came thus to passe in Scotland Henry Beauclerke king of England caused all the nobles of his realme to take theyr othes that after his deceasse they should receyue his daughter Mauld the Empresse for their soueraine Ladie and Queene Mauld the Empresse She was as then returned into England for hyr husbande the Emperoure was lately before deceassed King Dauid also tooke this othe King Stephan and therefore when king Stephan who vsurped the crowne of England after king Henries deceasse against the saide Empresse sent vnto king Dauid to come and to do his homage for the Erledomes of Northumberlande Homage is required Cumberlande and Huntington according as by his tenure he was bounde to do with intimation that if he refused king Stephan woulde inuade him with open warre King Dauid answeared that he
had giuen his faith once aforehand for those landes vnto the Empresse Maulde which he minded not to breake for the threatening wordes of any new inuasours King Stephan moued with this answere sent a power of men to the bordures of Northumberland whiche as then was vnder the dominion of the Scottes to make a rode vpon the inhabitants of that countrey The Englishmen inuade Northumberland They that had the charge of this enterpryse entring into the landes of theyr enimies put all to the fire and swoorde that came in theyr way The Scottes kindled with that displeasure The Scottes make rodes into England roded into England and did the like displeasures and hurtes there For the yeare after the Earles of Marche Menteth The Earle of Gloucester Robert was against K. Stephā but there might be some other happely vnto whom K. Stephan had giuen that title A resignatiō and Angus entred into England with a great armie against whom came the Earle of Gloucester and giuing them batayle at Northallertoun lost the fielde and was taken prysoner himselfe with diuers other nobles of England King Stephan therefore constreyned to redeeme the captiues gaue not onely a great some of money for them but also made resignation of all such title clayme and interest as eyther he or any of his successours might make or pretend to the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland Howbeit his nobles were no sooner returned home but that repenting him of that resignatiō King Stephan repenteth he gathered his puysance againe and entring into Northumberland fought with the Scottes that came foorth to resist him and obtayning the victorie tooke a great parte of the countrey into his possession King Dauid to redresse these iniuries gathered a mightie army with deliberate minde either to expell the Englishmen out of all the boundes of his dominions or els to vse in the payne But shortly after Thurstane Archbishop of Yorke came vnto Roxbourgh called in those dayes Marken to treate for a peace Roxburgh in old time Marken A truce where a truce was concluded for three monethes with condition that the Englishmen should deliuer vp the dominion of Northumberland vnto the lord Henry king Dauid his sonnes But for so muche as this couenant was not performed on king Stephens side King Dauid inuadeth Northumberland king Dauid inuaded that part of the cuntrey which the Englishmen helde making greate slaughter of all them that he found there about to resist him King Stephan passeth vnto Roxbourgh King Stephen moued herewith leuied his people and came in puissant aray vnto Roxborough but for that he had secrete knowledge that some of the nobles in his armie soughte hys destruction King Stephan returneth hee was constrayned to returne without atchieuing of any worthie enterprise The yeare next ensuyng a peace was talked vpon the Archbishops of Cantorbury Yorke appointed commissioners in the treatie therof on the behalfe of king Stephen and the bishops of Glasgewe Aberden and Saint Androws on the partie of king Dauid But Maulde queene of Englande the daughter of Eustace Earle of Boloigne and neece to king Dauid by his sister Marie was the chiefest doer in this matter to bring them to agreement The one of the kings that is to say Stephen lay at Duresme with his nobles and the other that is to say Dauid lay at Newcastell during all the time of this treatie which at length sorted to the conclusion of a peace A peace on these conditions that the counties of Northumberland and Huntingdon shoulde remaine in the gouernement of Henry Prince of Scotland Couenants of agreement as heire to the same by right of his mother But Cumberlande shoulde be reputed as the inheritance and right of his father king Dauid And for these landes and seigniories the forenamed Prince Henry and his successours Princes of Scotlande should doe homage vnto kyng Stephen and his successours kings of England for the tyme being Homage Carleil was repaired by William Rufus K. of England about the yeare of our Lorde 1092. The peace thus ratified betwixt the two kinges and their subiectes kyng Stephen returned into Kent and king Dauid repaired into Cumberland where he fortified the towne of Carleile with new walles and dyches Thus passed the three first yeres of king Stephens reigne In the fourthe yeare came Maulde the Empresse into Englande to clayme the crown therof as in the Englishe historie more playnely may appeare But whylest Englande was sore tormented with warres by contrarye factions of the nobles for the quarelles of those two persones no small sorrow hapned to Scotland for the death of Hērie the prince of that land and onely sonne vnto king Dauid The death of Henry prince of Scotland who died at Kelso and was buried in the Abbey church there in the yeare of our redemption .1152 1152. His death was greatly bemoned aswel of his father the king as of all other the estates and degrees of the realme for such singular vertue and noble conditions as appeared in hym But yet for that he lefte issue behynd him iij. Prince Henry his issue sons and. iij. daughters as before is mencioned the Realme was not thoughte vnprouided of heires The king also being mortified from the world tooke the death of his sonne very paciently The lawe of nature considering that al men are subiect vnto death by the lawe of nature and are sure no longer to remaine here than their day appointed by the eterne determination of him that giueth and taketh away lyfe and breath when pleaseth him as by dayly experience is most manyfest Therfore that king Dauid wayed the losse of his sonne in suche balance it maye appeare by an Oration which hee made to his nobles at what tyme after his sonnes decease they came to comforte hym For he perceyuing them to be ryghte heauie and sorowfull for the losse whiche he and they had susteyned by the death of so towardly a prince that was to haue succeeded him if God had lent him lyfe thereto in the ende of a royall feast the whiche he made vnto those nobles that came thus to visite hym hee beganne in this wyse Howe great your fidelitie and care is whiche you beare towards me An oration although oftētimes heretofore I haue proued it yet this present day I haue receyued most ample fruite therof for now do I plainely see that you lament no lesse for the losse of my late deceassed sonne than if you had buried some one of your own sonnes are therefore come to your great trauaile paine to comfort me whom you esteeme to be sore afflicted for the ouer timely death of my sayde moste obedient sonne but to let passe for this time due yelding of thanks to you for the same till occasion and leysure may better serue thereto this nowe may suffice that I acknowledge myself to be so much beholden to you that what
where they came The spoyle wast destruction and slaughter which the Scottes practised with fire and sword was wonderful to heare and incredible almost to bee tolde they spared neyther yong nor olde Church nor Chappell Religious houses as wel as other were consumed to Ashes The Abbey of Durham spoyled The Abbay of Durham and all places thereabout as the Scottishe wryters affyrme were spoyled and miserably sacked although it was sayde King Dauid was admonished in a dreame that hee shoulde in anye wyse abstayne from violating the goodes and landes pertayning to Sainct Cutbert The Erle of Northumberland Lieutenant of the North vnder king Edward to resist these iniuries The Earle of Northumberland Lieutenant of the north raysed a great power of men and ioyning the same with such bands of old souldiers as king Edwarde had lately sent ouer out of Fraunce for that purpose A Heralde fyrst dispatched an Heralde at armes vnto king Dauid requyring him to stay from further inuading the Countrey and to returne into Scotlande till some reasonable order for a finall peace might be agreed vpon betwixt him and the king his master otherwyse he should be sure to haue battaile to the vtteraunce within three dayes after King Dauid contemning thys message requyred his folkes to make them readie to receyue theyr enimyes if they came to assayle them and on the next morrowe he deuided hys armie into three battayles The appoynting of the Scottish battayles in the fyrst was Robert Steward Prince of Scotlande and Patrike Dunbar Earle of Marche In the seconde were appoynted Iohn Earle of Murrey and William Earle of Dowglas In the thyrde was the King himselfe with all the residue of the Nobles In the morning early before the battayle The Earle of Dowglas chased the Earle of Dowglas departed frō the armie to deserie the English host and to vnderstande their force and order if it were possible but entring somewhat vnwarely within daunger of his enimies he was chased and that to such disaduantage that he lost fiftie or rather fiue hundred as some bookes haue of yong Gentlemen and such other light horsemen as he tooke forth with him escaping verie narowly himselfe also from beyng taken at the chase In the meane season the English host deuided likewyse into three battayles approached forwarde and came wythin syght of the Scottish armie Wherevppon Dauid Graham wyth a wing of fiue hundred well appoynted horsemen gaue a full charge on the skyrtes of the English Archers thinking to haue dystressed them Dauid Graham driuen backe but he was so sharpely receyued and beaten with arrowes that losing a great number of hys men he was constrayned to flee backe to the maine battaile and that not without great daunger of beeing taken in his flight by suche as followed him These two discomfitures notwithstanding the Scots rushed fiercely vpon their enimies and fought with great manhoode a long season but in the ende Robert Stewarde and the Earle of March perceyuing their people partly to shrinke backe caused the retreate to be sounded in hope to saue their men by withdrawing into some sicker place The cause of the ouerthrow but this fleeing barke of the Earle of Marche and Robert Stewarde brought the discomfiture vpon all the residue of the Scots for that battaile of English men that was first marched with thē came now with such violence vppon the maine battail where king Dauid sought that within a short while after the same was vtterly discomfited and put to flight The Scottes discomfited In this businesse king Dauid himselfe did in euery poynt play the part of a most valiant chieftaine encouraging hys people as well wyth woordes as notable examples to doe theyr deuoires King Dauid his valiancie Neyther woulde he flee after he sawe himselfe destitute of all conuenable ayde but stil continued in earnest fight desiring nothing so much as shoulde appeare as death for that he thought nothing more displeasaunt than lyfe after the slaughter of so manye of his Nobles and liege people At length hauing his weapons stricken oute of his handes one Iohn Coplande came vnto him and wylled him to yeelde but he with one of his fistes gaue this Coplande suche a blowe on the mouth King Dauid taken by Iohn Coplande that by force of the Gauntlet he strake out two of his teeth before hee did yeelde vnto him Which Coplande is mysnamed by Iohn Maior and not onely called Couptaunt but also reported by him to be a Gascoigne whereas it is euident by our Hystories that hee was named Coplande and a mere English men But to our purpose The Scottes that fought in the rerewarde had no better successe than the other for that battaile was also broken and put to flight with great slaughter as well of the nobles as other commons besides those that were taken There were slain in this dolorous conflict Nobles slane in this battail the Earle of Murrey the Earle of Stratherne the Conestable the Marshal the Chamberlaine and Chauncelor of Scotlande with a great number of other nobles and commons There were taken with the king fiue Earles Prisoners taken that is to witte Dowglas Fife Sutherlande Wigtoun and Menteith And besydes other great ryches lost in thys fielde the holye Crosse as they call it of holye Roode house was founde vpon king Dauid who bare it about him in trust that by vertue thereof he should be inuincible but he was spoyled both of that and al other his iewels which were found vpon him at the same time This battayle was stryken neare vnto Durham the .xvij. day of October in the yeare 1346. What Countreys and places the Englishe men got after thys victorie ye may read in the English Hystorie In the yeare following the Ballyoll wyth the Earle of Northumberlande made a rode into Louthian and Clyddesdale bringing a greate bootie of goodes and cattaile but of those Countreyes into Galloway The Ballyoll soiourneth i◅ Galloway in which Countrey the Ballyoll abode a long time after At length the Scots recouering thēselues with much paine after the slaughter of so many of their nobles and commons beside the discomfort for the taking of their king Rober Steward gouernor of Scotande chose and appointed Robert Stewarde as gouernor to haue the rule of the realme About the same time William Dowglas the son of Archimbalde Dowglas that was brother vnto good sir Iames Dowglas who as before is sayde was slaine in Spaine returned forth of France and by support of his friends chased the Englishe men out of Douglasdale Countreys recouered out of the Englishe mens hands Tiuydale Twydale Etrike Forest and Twedale Iohn Copland captain of Rokesbourgh to resist such enterprises gathered a number of men came forth against his enimies Iohn Copland chased but receyuing the ouerthrow he was chased into Rokesbourgh againe with losse of diuerse of his men In the yeare next following which was from the
them of the holy Roode house at his comming to Edynburgh wherein he likewise lodged It is thoughte that in memory of the friendly entertainemente whiche his father the Duke of Lancaster founde in these Abbeys at the time of his being in Scotland when the rebellion chaunced in England through Iacke Strawe and his complices he shewed suche fauor towardes them at this present To bee briefe it shoulde appeare that King Henry came into Scotlande as it were enforced more through counsell of his nobles than for any hatred he bare towardes the Scottes as hee well shewed in returning backe againe without doing them any further iniurie The death of Queene Annabell In the yeere after deceassed the Scottishe Queene Annabell Drommond after whose decesse hir sonne Dauid the Duke of Rothsay that vnder hir gouernemente had bin well and vertuously broughte vp hauing nowe gote once the reyne at liberty The insolent outrage of the Duke of Rothsay fell to al kind of insolent outrage seeking to defyle Wiues Virgines Nunnes and al other kind of womeÌ„ in al places wher he came At length his Father perceyuing his sonnes youthful nature to rage after that manner in vnbrideled lust beyond the tearmes of all measure to the great reproch of them both wrote to his brother the Duke of Albany requiring him to take his sonne the said Duke of Rothsay into his custody and to see him so chastised for his wanton behauiour as he might learne to amend the same Here is to be noted that the Duke of Albany had of long time before desired to see the Duke of Rothsay dispatched out of the way as the person whome hee most doubted and therefore hauyng commission thus from the King to take him hee reioyced not a little trusting thereby to compasse his purpose without daunger And herevppon taking the Duke of Rothsay betwixt Dundee and S. Androwes hee brought him to Faulkland The Duke of Rothsay coÌ„mitted to prison where he shut him vp in straite prison and kept him without al manner of meate or drinke so to famish him to death It is sayde that a woman vnderstanding the Duke of Albanies intention and taking ruth of the others pitifull case found meanes to let meale fall downe through a rift of the loft of that towre wherein he was enclosed by meanes whereof hys life was certayne dayes susteyned but after thys was once knowne incontinently was the woman made away On the same maner another woman through a long reede fedde him with milke of hir owne brests and was likewise dispatched as soone as her doings were perceyued Then after this The Duke of Rothsay famished to death the Duke destitute of all worldly sustenaunce through very famine was constreyned to eate not onely all suche filth as hee could finde within the Towre but also in y e end hee gnawed off his owne fingers and so finally in this miserable state of Martirdome as I may call it ended his wretched life and was buryed in Lundoris Miracles where as the fame wente many fayre miracles were done neere to his graue till tyme that Iames the first began to punish the murtherers for sithens that time such miracles ceassed About the same time The displeasures done by George Earle of March George Earle of March did many displeasures to the Scottes makyng sundry rodes into their countrey greatly to hys profyte The Earle of Dowglas that had the gouernmente of Lowthian in those dayes tooke order The Earle of Dowglas gouernoure of Louthian that certayne Captaines of that Countrey shuld euery one for his turne with a competente number assigned to him for the time rode into England to reuenge such displeasures The first that went Thomas Holy burton was Thomas Halyburton who returned in safetie with a great pray taken of Englishmens goodes Next vnto him was Patrike Hepborne of the Halis the yonger appoynted to goe â—…oorthe as Captayne generall with a certaine number who entring into Englande gote a great bootie togither but the Englishmen following therevppon to recouer it encountred with hym at Nesbetiâ—… the Mers Patricke Hepborne slayne at Nâ—…sbet and there not onely slew him but also distressed his people Besides them that were slayne with theyr Captayne there were also many that were taken as Iohn and William Cokborne Roberte Lawder of the Bas Iohn and Thomas Haliburton with many other Almost all the floure of Lowthian as Iohannes Maior writeth perished in this battell whiche was fought the .xxij. of Iune in the yere .1402 1402 Archembald Dowglas inâ—â—deth Englande Archembald Earle of Dowglas sore displeased and wonderfully wroth in his minde for this ouerthrowe gote commission to inuade Englande with an army of tenne thousand men and hauing the same once ready with all thyngs necessary for his voyage hee set forwarde and entring into Englande brente and harried the countrey not staying till hee came as farre as Newcastell In this army there was with the Dowglas Murdock eldest sonne to Duke Robert Earle of Fife Thomas Earle of Murray The Nobles of Scotland in this army George Earle of Angus with many other Lords and nobles of Scotlande It is sayde that after the Scottes were once put to flight they gathered agayne and renewed the battell by the exhortation of Adham Gordon and sir Iohn Suynton but that dyd little auayle them for they were still beaten downe and slayne Amongst other of those that were slaine were the same sir Iohn Swynton and Adham Gordoun Men of name slayne Also Iohn Leuynston of Kalendare Alexander Ramsay of Dalhowsy with sundry other gentlemen and nobles of Scotland Prisoners taken Archembald Earle of Dowglas Mordo Stewarde eldest sonne to Duke Robert the gouernour George Earle of Angus Roberte Erskyn of Alloway the Lorde Saulton Iames Dowglas maister of Dalkeith and his two brethren Iohn and William with the most part of all the Barons of Fyfe and Lowthian were taken prisoners This battell was fought on the Roode day in Haruest in the yeere .1403 vpon a tuisday H. B. 1402 The Castell of Cocklauis beseeged Henry Percy righte proude of this victory came with the Earle of March vnto the Castell of Cokclauis in Teuidale and layde seege to the same but Iohn Greynelow Captayne thereof defended it so manfully that they gote no greate aduauntage yet at length he fell to this composition with them that if he had no reskewe within the space of three moneths A compositioÌ„ the Castell shoulde be then rendred into their hands When the gouernour of Scotlande was enformed what agreement the Captayne of Cokclauis had made he assembled the Lordes in couÌ„sell to haue their aduice for the leuying of an army against the time appoynted There were many of this opinion that it was better to lose the Castell than to ieoperde the liues of so many men as were necessary to furnish that enterprise for the sauing of it but y e gouernor shewed that hee weyed
the Lorde Kenedy the Lord Mountgomery the Lord Lile Iohn Maxwel Steward of Annandale Robert Creichton of Sanquhan or three of them Commissioners to meete at Roydenborne And at Haldan Stanke Also there were assigned commissioners to meete at Roydenborne for the East marches the first day of December and at Haldan Stanke for the middle marches on the fourthe daye of the same moneth At which two places for ScotlaÌ„d there were assigned to appeare the Earle of HuÌ„tley the Erle of Angus the Erle of Argyle ChaÌ„cellor of ScotlaÌ„d the Lord Auandale the Lord Seyton the Lord Oliphaunt the Lord Stabhal with other For EnglaÌ„d the Erle of Northumberland the Lord Greystocke the Lorde Sâ—…rope of Massan sir William Gascoigne sir Roberte Constable and other The same Commissioners had authoritie to assigne certayn persons to view and declare the boundes and limits apperteyning to Berwike according to the true meaning of the league The batable grounde For the battell grounde it was accorded that the same shoulde remayne without sowing or earing building or inhabiting as it had done before A marriage concluded betwixt the Duke of Rothsay and the Lady Anne de la poole Shortly after y e concluding of thys truce King Richard entreated for a marriage to be had betwixte the Prince of Rothsay eldest sonne to king Iames and Lady Anne de la Poole daughter to Iohn Duke of Suffolke and to the Lady Anne his wife that was sister to the sayde King Richard For the concluding of this marriage both the Kings sent their Ambassadours agayne vnto Notyngham where their treatie had suche successe for that time that the marriage was agreed vpon and writings therof drawen engrossed and sealed and affiances made and taken by proctors and deputies on both partes The foresayd yong Lady was immediately called Princes of Rothsay but by the short life of King Richarde hir vncle she shortly after lost that name King Iames within a while after the conclusion of this league and marriage aforesayde for the expressing and declaring of his opinion touching the Castell of Dunbar whether he woulde be agreeable that the same should remayne onely sixe moneths King Iames by letters signifieth hys minde touching the articles of Dunbar or else during the tearme of y e whole truce in the EnglishmeÌ„s possession he wrote vnto King Richard a louing letter signifying vnto him that he was not minded to seeke the recouerie of the sayd castell by force of armes but rather to leaue it in his hand during the whole terme of the truce neuerthelesse he instantly required hym for the bonde of that loue and familiaritie which nowe by treatie and aliance was sprong vp betwixt them that he would redeliuer the said Castell into his handes according as reason mighte moue him thereto considering the Englishmen had no right to it being only deliuered to them by traitors of their natiue couÌ„trey without any reasonable cause or commissioÌ„ lawfully authorised King Richard would not deliuer the Castell of Dunbar King Richard dalied in this matter with pleasant letters faire wordes so feeding forth King Iames without minding to gratisfie him in that suite so that as long as king Richard liued king Iames could neuer get it for any thing he might do In the yeere .1486 Henry Erle of Richmont comming out of France with a power of men 1486 King Richard ouerthrowen by the Earle of Richmond of the whiche Bernard Stewarde a Scottishman was chiefe Captaine landed in Wales passing through y e cuntrey into EnglaÌ„d at leÌ„gth encouÌ„tred King Richard slew him so obtayning the Crowne of that Realm And after he was somewhat quietly established in the same he came into the North partes where hee remayned the moste part of the next sommer and regarding nothing more than to haue y e loue friendship of his neybors to be confederate with the Kings Princes ioyning next vnto him An ambassage sente vnto Scotlande he sent from Newcastell one of his counsellors Richard Foxe Bishop of Exceter and sir Richard Edgecombe knight Ambassadors vnto King Iames to treat coÌ„tract renew the band of peace truce betwixt the said Kings and their Realmes These Ambassadors were gladly receiued of King Iames The Kings aunswere who declared vnto them y t he bare great fauor loue vnto their maister woulde be glad to pleasure hym in al he might howbeit that his subiects were not of so good a mind towards the English nation as he himselfe wished therefore he willed them to bee contented with a truce for seuen yeres for further he could not do for doubt to offend his nobilitie subiects but he promised secretly His promise that when those seuen yeeres were expired hee woulde renâ—…e the same for the tearme of other seauen yeeres and so from seuen yeres to seuen yeres so loÌ„g as he liued This he did bycause he perceyued that his people had him in such hatred that they would not consent to any band that he shuld make the Ambassadors perceiuing his good meaning toward king Henry confirmed the truce for those seuen yeeres and so returned home to King Henry who was right glad of that they had done Immediately after that this truce was thus concluded betwixt y e two Realmes A Parliament king Iames caused the three estates to assemble in ParliameÌ„t at Edinburgh y e first of October in the yere .1487 1487 in the which order was takeÌ„ y t iustice â—ares shuld be holden through all partes of the Realm No pardon â—…o be graunted to offendors set the space of seuen yeeres Ambassadors sent to the King of Romanes that no pardons shuld be granted for any great crime that shuld be coÌ„mitted for the space of seueÌ„ yeres to come so that the king began to vse sharp execution of Iustice in all parts which was righte displesant to many The same time was an Ambassador sent to the king of Romans for the calling in of a letter of Marque which had bin graÌ„ted against Scottish Merchants at the suite and instance of certayne Hollanders Burgonions and was shortly after herevpon reuoked After y e Parliament was ended the King remoued vnto Striueling The King giueth himselfe to tâ—…fie his 〈◊〉 in keping 〈◊〉 and gathering â—…easure leauing his wife the Queene and hir sonne the Prince in Edenburgh Castell whilest he keeping persons about him of meane calling gaue himselfe to take his pleasure with women and to gather vp golde and siluer greatly to the offence of his subiects Yet in the mean time now after the death of king Richarde whether it was by treason or appoyntment After the deth â—… King Richard Dunbar is â—…eliuered the Castell of Dunbar was deliuered to the hands of king Iames that to his greate ioy and high contentation for he that ruled his kingdome more with rigor than with any tractable mean of fauorable iustice stood euer in
person and bycause he had deteyned y e king against his will with him the space of two yeres and more al which time he stood in feare of his life HeÌ„ry Steward created Lorde of Methwen In this Parliament Henry Stewarde y e Queenes husband was created L. of Methwen and made master of the ordinance In October following the K. assembled a great company of men with artilleire and diuers kind coniunctioÌ„ to besiege the Castell of Tantalloâ—… The Castell of Tantalloâ—… besieged whiche the Erle of Angus â—…ride who aduertised of the preparatioÌ„ made for y e same siege furnished the Castel with meÌ„ all kind of necessaries weâ—… himself into England When the siege theÌ„ was laid about the Castell it was so strong and so well prouided that it might not be wonne for all that â—…ede bee done at that season in somuch y t after Dauid Fauconer Dauid Fawconer slayne principal gunner of the kings side was slayne the K. caused y e siege to be reised yet at leÌ„gth though not til a loÌ„g time after this it was deliuered to the King by appoyntmente The L. Sinclar and all the residue wer takeÌ„ The blindnes of the Orkney men The Orkney men held opinion that their patrone S. Magnus was seene that day to fighte in the field on their side against their enimies 〈◊〉 assembly 〈◊〉 Lords The same moneth on the fiftenth day there was a greate assembly of the Lordes in Edenburgh where the K. himselfe sate in iudgement The Lard of HinderlaÌ„d called Cockeborne and one Adam Scot of Tushlaw who was named king of theeues 〈◊〉 of â—…eues were accused of theft and of receiuing and mainteining of theeues slaughters and other crimes of the which being conuict they lost their heads â—…xecution which were set ouer y e Tolduith of Edenburgh The Earle of Bothwell conuict The same day y e Erle of Bothwel was also coÌ„uict for mainteining theÌ„ theyr crimes his life landes goodes wer in the kings hands He was therfore kept in ward within Edenburgh Castell Banished the Realme and after sente into Murrey land and lastly banished the Realme during the kings dayes Also the Lord Maxwell the Lorde Hume the Lards of Balglueth Fernyherst Other Lords conuict and put in warde Pollort Iohnson Marke Kar and other principall men of the borders were conuict by affise and putte in warde by reason whereof the borderers kepte better rule euer after during the Kinges raigne About this season Iohn Scotte fasted fortie dayes without receyuing any foode a landed man named Iohn Scotte that had trauelled abroade in the world and nowe beeyng returned into Scotland bycause it was bruted in other Countreys hee had fasted xl dayes without either meate or drinke was for royall thereof put in Dauids Tower in Edenbourgh Castell and diligent watch set vpon him to 〈◊〉 that hee had no sustenaunce to relieue him withall and so kept for fortie dayes hee fasted all that tyme wythout any kinde of nourishment to the greate woonder of the people 1529 In the Sommer of this yeare .1529 Archimbalde Dowglas that had beene forfalted as yee haue heard came alone to the king while he was a hunting in Striueling Parke and besought his grace of pardon which he had obteyned fully at his handes bycause he fauoured him more than any of that suâ—name if hee had not beene as hee was in deede altogither determined that none of them shoulde remaine wythin the land at that tyme Archimbalde Dowglas banished and so he banished him into France where shortly after through griefe of mynde he departed this life The king commeth to the borders In the Moneth of Iune the King with an armie went to the borders to set order there for better rule to be kept and to punishe such as were knowen to be most culpable herevpon he caused xlviij of the most notable theeues with theyr Captaine Iohn Armstrong to bee apprehended the which being conuict of murther theft and treason Theeues hanged were all hanged on growing trees to the ensample of others There was one cruell theefe amongest the rest A theefe burnt to death which had burned a house with a womaÌ„ and hir children within it he was burned to death George Armestrong brother to Iohn was pardoned to the ende he shoulde appeache the residue which he did so that they were apprehended by the Kings commaundement and punished for theyr misdoyngs according as they had deserued Wonders seen in the firmanent In August following many marueylous sightes were seene about Striueling as Candels burning vpon the toppes of hilles in the nightes and in the morning afore Sunne rysing diuerse armed men appeared fighting vpon the ground which was taken to be a foretoken of some trouble to ensue in those parties The .xv. day of August a greate number of people being assembled at the Market in Campscenneth .lij. persons were drowned in the Ferrie boate A Ferrie boat drowned amongst the which were diuerse honest men and women of the countrey The first of Marche in the yeare .1530 the Abbot of Culrose called Inglis 1530 An Abbot murthered was crueltye murthered by the Lorde of Tulliallan and hys seruants amongest whome there was a Priest called sir William Louthien for the which they were apprehended and the sayde sir William the xxvij of the same moneth vpon a publike shalfolde in Edenbourgh was degraded the King Queene and a great companie of people beeing present and after his degradation he was delyuered to the Earle of Argile high Iustice and the next day the sayd Tulliallan and the same priest were beheaded This yeare the Colledge court of Iustice called the Sessions The Sessions instituted was instituted in Edenbourgh by the King with consent of the three estates in Parliament assembled and after confirmed in Rome in the which are fiftene Counsaylers ordinarie eight of them being spirituall persons of the which the most auncient is president and seuen temporall men but so as by this number the Chancellor of the realme is aboue the president when he is present There are also foure counsaylers extraordinarie remoueable at the princes pleasure In the yeare .1532 1532 I finde little done to make account of for the Earle of Angus remayning in Englande coulde not perswade the King of England in his fauour to breake the peace wyth Scotlande though the same Earle earnestly laboured to bring that to passe But in the yeare .1532 sir Arthure Darcy was sent to the borders who being at Barwike 1532 Sir Arthure Darcie sent to the borders by the counsaile of the Erle of Angus then being there they made a roade into Scotlande and burned certaine places He maketh a road into Scotland whervpon the Scots assembling themselues to defende theyr Countrey made towardes the Englishmen who retyred themselues to Barwike againe After this were diuerse inuasions made on euery side vpon the
Louthian whilest he lay at Lieth offering themselues to be at the King of Englands commaundement and so were assured from receyuing hurte or domage by the English power The Duke of Somerset hauing remayned at Leith an right dayes and demaunding the Castell of Edenburgh The Englishe 〈◊〉 â—…eturâ—…â—…omeâ—… could not obteyne it departed from thence the eyghtenth of December homewardes the nexte way ouer the Mountaynes of Soutrey comming the thirde day before the Castell of Hume where they dyd so muche by countenancing to win that fortresse that within three or foure dayes after their coÌ„ming thither it was surrendred Hume Castell rendred to the Englishmen This Castell beeing wonne and a garnison left therein to keepe it they remoued to Rockesburgh where within the compasse of the ruinous walles of an olde Castell they builte a forte and after returning into England lefte a conuenient garnison to keepe it They gote also about the same time a stroÌ„g fortnesse called Fast Castell Fast Castell wonne by them standing neere to the Sea syde and placed a garnison within it And moreouer in this meane tyme Broughtie Crag wonne theyr Fleete by Sea wanne the Castell of Broughtie Crag and putte in like manner a garnison within it to keepe the same as in the Englishe Historie it may further appeare and in what sort also all the chiefest Lords and Gentlemen of the Mers and Tiuidale came in and submitted themselues to the Duke of Somerset vpon assurance had and giuen Furthermore whilest the Duke of Somersette with hys armie dyd thus inuade Scotland on the East parte it was ordeyned by the sayde Duke and other of the Counsell to the Kyng of Englande that Mathewe Earle of Lennox and Thomas Lorde Wharton then Warden of the West Marches of Englande should with a power inuade Scotlande on the West syde to the end that there should not any of the West bordures nor Countreys come to assist the Gouernour against the Duke of Somersettes armye but bee driuen to remayne at home to defend their owne Countrey Heerevppon there was an army leuied to the number of fiue thousande footemenne and eyghte hundred light Horsemen with whiche power the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton entring Scotlande the eyght of September encamped the firste night vpon the water of Eske marched the nexte daye through the nether parte of Annandale The Castell of Milke yeelded till they came to the Castell of Milke a fortresse of good strength y e walles being fourteene foote thicke Captain of this Castell was one Io. Steward brother to the Lard thereof who vppon the approch of the Earle of Lennox yeelded the house vnto him withoute any shewe of resistance wherevppon Fergusa Graham brother to Richie Grahame of Eske was appointed with a garnison of Souldiers to keepe that Castell to the vse of the yong King of Englande and was afterwards confirmed Captayne there with fiftie light Horsemen by appoyntmente of the Duke of Sommersette and the Counsell so that during the warres be remayned there to the great annoyance of the Scottes enimies to Englande and preseruation of the Countrey thereaboutes to the King of Englands vse The twentith of September the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton encamped neere to the Towne of Annande and the morrow after approching neerer to the same gaue sommonance vnto the Captaine thereof called Lion of the house of Glames who with an hundred Scottes kept the Churche and steeple of Annand beeyng peeces of themselues verye strong and mightily reenforsed with earth they within therefore refused to yeelde and valiantly defended themselues The greatest peeces of artillerie whych the Englishmen hadde there at that time were certayne double and single Falcons wherewyth they beate only the battlements till they myght with certayne engines approche harde to the walles The Church of Annand vndermined and vndermine the same so as the roofe of the Church was shaken downe and a greate number of them within the Church slayne and crusshed to death Suche as escaped fledde into the Steeple Two of the Englishmen that wroughte aboute the mynes were slayne but at length the Captayne moued by perswasion of the Erle of Lennox to whome hee claymed to bee of kynne The Steeple yeelded rendered the Steeple vnto hym with hymselfe and .96 Scottes Souldyers with condition to haue their lyues onely saued and the Captayne to remayne prisoner and to goe into England Immediately vpon theyr comming forth of the Steeple fyre was giuen to the traines of powder in the mynes and so both the Church and Steeple were blowen vp into the ayre The Church and Steeple of Annand blowen vp with powder and rased downe to the grounde Thys done they brente the Towne after they hadde sacked it and left not a stone standing vppon an other for that the same Towne hadde euer bin a right noysome neyghbour to Englande The Englishmen had conceyued suche spite towardes thys Towne that if they sawe but a peece of timber remayning vnbrente they would cutte the same in peeces with theyr bylles The Countrey heerewith was striken in such feare that the next daye all the Kilpatrickes and the Iordeynes the Lards of Kirkmichel The Scottes that came to assure them selues Apilgirtht Closbourne Howmendes Nuby and y e Irrewings the Belles the Rigges the Murrayes and all the clanes and surnames of the nether part of Annerdale came in and receyued an oth of obeysance as subiectes to the King of Englande deliuering pledges for their assured loyaltie The residue that woulde not come in and submitte themselues hadde theyr houses brent their goodes and cattell fetched away by the Englishe lyghte Horsemen that were sente abrode into the Countrey for that purpose These things thus executed the Earle of Lennox and the Lorde Wharton returned backe into Englande wyth theyr prisoners â—…ties and spoyles receyuing greate thankes and commendations by gentle letters of the fyue and twentith of September from the Duke of Somerset then lying at Rockesburgh aboute fortifying of that place The gouernour perceyuing thus that without the assistance of Fraunce hee should not be able to resist the Englishmen hauing now gote such foote hold within the Realme of Scotland The Gouernours suite the Queene Dowager anâ—… to the French Ambassador required the Queene Dowager and Monsieur Doysell Liger Ambassador for the Frenche Kyng to perswade with him by letters to send an army into Scotland to the aide of his frieÌ„ds there The Queene and Monsieur Doysell perceyuing a ready way prepared to bring that to passe which they most desired which was to haue the Queene of Scotlande ordred in all things by the Frenche Kyngs aduice they vndertooke to procure an army out of Fraunce according to the gouernours desire The Queene Dowager pâ—…miseth ayde out of Fraunce with condition if hee wyth the states of the Realme woulde agree that the Queene myghte bee sente into Fraunce and a contract made for hir
vpon Saint Laurence day caused all the corne in the Countrey about and namely that which belonged to the sayd Abbay to be spoyled and brought into a Castell which he had in keeping not far froÌ„ thence Eustace king Stephens son and Simon Earle of Northamton depart this life both in one weeke But as he sat down to meat the same day vpoÌ„ receiuing the first morsel he fell mad as writers haue reported miserably ended his life The same week of a like disease Simon Erle of NorthaÌ„pton departed this world so two of the chiefest aduersaries which Duke Henrie had were rid out of the way Eustace was buried at Feuersam in Kent erle Simon at NorthaÌ„pton The Earlr of Chester deceasseth About the same time also that noble valiaÌ„t erle of Chester called Ranulf departed this life a maÌ„ of such stoutnesse of stomacke y t vneth might death make him to yeeld or shewe any token of feare He was poisoned as was thought by William Peuerell And whereas king Stephen was the cause of all the troubles in hauing vsurped an other mannes rightfull inheritaunce it pleased God to moue his hart now at leÌ„gth to couet peace which he had euer before abhorred The cause that moued him chiefly to chaunge his former purpose was for that his sonne Eustace by speedie death was taken out of this worlde as before yee haue heard which losse seemed great not onely to the father but also to al those Lords and other which had euer taken his parte bycause he was a yong man so well lyked of all men The Ladie Constance 〈◊〉 to Eustace 〈◊〉 home that he was iudged to be borne to all honour But his wife CoÌ„stance aboue measure tooke his death moste sorowfully and the more indeede for that shee had brought forth no issue by him wherevpon she was shortly after sente honourably home to hir father King Lewes with hir dower other rich and princely gyftes King Stephen therefore seeing him depriued of his onely sonne vnto whome hee mynded to leaue the kingdome which he so earnestly sought establish to him by warlyke trauaile and that againe the French kings ayde woulde not bee so readie as heretofore it had beene wherevpon he much stayed nowe that the bondes of affinitie were abolished he began then a length although not immediatly vpo his sonnes deceasse to withdraw his minde from fantasying the warre and enclyned it altogither to peace King Stephen began to encline his mind to peace which inclination being perceyued those Nobles that were glad to see the state of their Countrey quieted did theyr best to further it namely the Archbishop of Canterbury Theobald Mat. Par. trauailed ernestly to bring the princes to some agreement now talking with the king now sending to the duke vsing al meanes possible to make theÌ„ both at one Ger. Do. The Bishop of Winchester also that had caused all the trouble vpon consideration of the great calamities wherwith the land was most miserably afflicted began to wish an end thereof Whervpon the lordes spirituall temporall were called togither at Winchester about the latter end of NoueÌ„ber that they might also with their consentes confirme that which the king and duke should conclude vpon An assembly of Lordes at Winchester Thus was there a publike assemble made in the citie of Winchester whither also duke Henrie came and being ioyfully receyued of the king in the Bishops Palace they were made friendes the king admitting the duke for his sonne the duke the king for his father A peace concluded betwixt the king and the duke And so the agreemeÌ„t which through the careful suite of the Archbishop of CaÌ„terburie had beene with such diligence to good effect laboured was now confirmed The chief articles whereof were these That king Stephen during his naturall life should remaine king of England Some writers haue recorded that duke HeÌ„rie should presently by this agreement enâ—…oy hâ—…lfe the realm of Englande that HeÌ„rie the Empresses sonne shoulde enioy the dukedome of Normandie and further be proclamed heyre apparant to succeede in the kingdome and gouernment of Englande after the deceasse of Stephen Moreouer such noble men other which had taken either the one partie or the other during the time of the ciuill warres should be in no daunger for the same but enioy theyr lands possessions liuings according to their auncient rightes and titles There was also consideration had of a sonne whiche King Stephen had named William who though hee were very yong was yet appoynted to sweare fealtie vnto duke Henrie as lawfull heyre to the crowne The same William had the Citie of Norwich diuerse other landes assigned him for the maintenance of his estate that by the consent and agreement of duke HeÌ„rie his adopted brother Moreouer it was concluded that the king should resume take into his hands againe all those portions and parcels of inheritance belonging to the crowne as he had giuen away or were otherwise vsurped by any maner of person and that all those possessions which by any intrusion had beene violently taken froÌ„ the right owners fith the dayes of king Henrie shoulde bee again restored to them that were rightly possessed in the same by the dayes of the aforesayd king Moreouer it was agreed Mat. Par. Castels to be rased in number .1115 that all those Castels which contrarie to all reason and good order had beene made and builded by any maner of person in the dayes of King Stephen shoulde be ouerthrowne and cast downe whiche in number were founde to bee .xj. hundred and fiftene The king also vndertooke to refourme all such misorders as the warre had brought in as to restore fermers to their holdings to repayre the decayed buyldisss to store the pastures and leassues with cattell the hilles with sheepe to see that the Cleargie might enioy theyr due quietnesse and not to be oppressed with any vndue exactions to place Sherifes where they had beene accustomed to beare rule with instructions giuen to them to deale vprightly in causes so as offenders might not escape through brybes or any other respect of friendship but that euery man might receyue according to right and equitie that which was his due That Souldiers shoulde conuert theyr swords as Esay sayth into Culters and plough shares theyr Speares into Mattockes and so returne from the campe to the plough and suche as were wont to keepe watche in the night season might now sleepe and take theyr rest without any daunger That the husbande man might bee relieued of all vexation and that Marchant men and occupiers might enioy theyr trade of occupying to theyr aduauncement one kind and maner of siluer coyne to runne through the lande so as the war that had continued now for the space of .xvij. yeares might in this sort bee brought to ende and fully pacified These things being thus concluded at Winchester the king tooke
thither though he was earnestly called vpon for the same Hys estimation was such amongst forraine Princes that Phillip King of Fraunce beeing newly entred into the gouernemente of that Realme after his fathers decesse committed himselfe and hys Kingdome to the disposition and order of Kyng Henry as if he had bin regent of his Realme and gouernour of his person There lyued in the dayes of this King Henry the seconde diuers honorable personages Captaynes of great fame for their approoued valiancie and experience in warlike enterprises as Roberte Earle of Leicester Hugh Biger Earle of Northfolke Reginald Earle of Cornewale Robert Ferers Earle of Derby Richard Lacy Roger Mowbray Raufe de Fulgiers Humfrey Bohun Connestable of England Ranulf Glandeuille William Vescy and Bernard de Balliol â—…le Also there flourished in his time heere in thys land men of singular learning in artes and sciences as Nicholas Breakespeare Serlo surnamed Grammaticus William Rheualensis Adam de Euesham Thomas of Munmouth Adelbertus Leuita Geruasius Cicestrensis Odo CaÌ„tianus Ealred Rhieuellensis Iohannes Sarisburiensis Clemens Lanthoniensis Walter Daniel Robert Knought alias Camtus Roberte Folioth William Ramsey Senatus Brauonus Robert the Scribe Odo Miremuth Hugh of Readyng Richard of Douer WilliaÌ„ of Peterburgh Cicerciensis Bartholmew Iscanus and Gilberte de Sempringham with other And heere to make an ende with this high and mighty Prince Henry the secoÌ„d I haue thought good to make you partaker of an Epitaph which wee fynde in Mathew Paris and others written of hym as followeth An Epitaph of King Henry the seconde REx Henricus eram mihi plurima regnaÌ„ subegi Multiplicique modo duxque comesque fui Cui satis ad votum non essent omnia terrae Climata terra modò sufficit octo pedum Qui legis haec pensa discrimina mortis indè Humanae specula conditionis habe Quod potes instanter operate bonum quia mundus Transit incautos mors inopina rapit An other TVmuli regis superscriptio breuis exornat Sufficit hic tumulus cui non sufficerat orbis Res breuis est ampla cui fuit ampla breuis The first is thus Englished OF late King Henry was my name I. H. whiche conquerde many a lande And diuers Dukedomes did possesse and Earledomes held in hande And yet while all the earth could scarce my greedy mind suffice Eight foote within the ground now serues wherein my carcas lyes Now thou that readest this note well my force with force of death And let that serue to shew the state of all that yeeldeth breath Do good then here foreslowe no time cast off all worldly cares For brittle world full soone doth fayle and death doth strike vnwares The other thus SMall Epitaph now serues to decke this tombe of stately King L. H. And he who whilome thought whole earth could scarce his minde content In little roome hath roome at large that serues now life is spente Richarde the firste An. reg 1. RIcharde the firste of that name and seconde sonne of Henry the second beganne hys raigne ouer England the sixth day of Iuly in the yeare of oure Lord. 1189 1189. in the seuen and thirtith yeare of the Emperour Frederick the first in the eleuenth yere of the raigne of the second Phillip K. of Fraunce VVil. Par. and Kyng William surnamed the Lion as yet liuing in the gouernement of Scotland Mat. Paris At leÌ„gth King Richard remembring himselfe of his mother Queene Eleanor which had beene separated from the bed of hir husband for the space of sixteene yeres and was as yet deteyned in prison in Englande wrote his letters vnto the Rulers of the Realme The King mother set at libertie commaunding them to set hir agayne at libertie and withall appoynted hir by his letters pateÌ„ts to take vpon hir the whole gouernement of the Kingdome in his absence The Queene being thus deliuered and hauing nowe the chiefe authoritie and rule in hir hands she rode in progresse about the Realme to see y e estate therof and as shee passed froÌ„ place to place she shewed gladsome countenance to the people wheresoeuer she became doing also what she could to pleasure theÌ„ that she might therby win their good willes to hir and to hir sonne but specially remembring by hir late experience and tast thereof what an irksome and most greeuous thing imprisonmente was she caused the iayles to be opened and forthwith set no small number of prisoners at libertie by the way as she passed through the couÌ„treys according to the verse of Virgill Non ignara mali miseris suceurrere disco Which may be thus englished By proofe earst had of others ill Their woe to ease I learne the skill In the meane time King Richard concluding a league with Phillippe King of Fraunce receyueth all those places againe which were taken froÌ„ his father by the same Phillip togither with his wife Adela whom vpon suspition that she had bin dishonested in hir person before without any sufficient proofe therof had he forsaketh sendeth hir home with hir dower and otherwise with greate and princely giftes most bountifully enriched hauing already concluded a marriage with the Lady Berengaria daughter to Garsias Kyng of Nauarre who was sente into Sicill vnto hir syster Ioane that hee mighte marry hir there as hee passed that way toward the holy lande Moreouer vnto William Marshall he gaue in marriage the daughter of Richard Erle of Chepstow togither with the Earledome which hir father possessed and to Gilbert Fitz Roger the son of Ramfrey he gaue the daughter of William de Loncaster After he was landed as before ye haue heard he hasted to Winchester where his mother Queene Eleanor with the most part of the English nobilite hadde layne a good space to attende his comming and there on the euen of the assumption of our Lady the King was by them receyued with great ioy and triumph VVi. Paruus Vpon this day of King Richards CoronatioÌ„ the Iewes y t dwelt in LondoÌ„ and in other parties of the Realm being there assembled had but sory hap as it chanced for they meaning to honor the same Coronation with their presence and to present to the K. some honorable gift The Iewes meant to preâ—…ent him with 〈◊〉 rich gifte whereby they might declare themselues glad for his aduauncement and procure his friendship toward them for the confirming of their priuiledges and liberties according to the grauntes and charters made to them by the former Kings King Richard of a zelous minde to Christes Religion Math. Paris abhorring their nation and doubting some sorcerie by them to be practised commaunded that they should not come within the Church when he should receyue the Crowne nor within the Palace whilest hee was at dinner But at dinner time among other that pressed in at the Palace gate diuers of the Iewes were about to thrust in till one of them was striken by
cost the Archbishop right deerely in feasting and banquetting them and theyr traynes At one dinner it was reported be spent at the first course .lx. fat Oxen. At request of the king of Scottes the king of England receyued agayne into fauour Philip Lunell or rather Luvell as I take it one of his counsaile against whom he had conceiued displeasure in the yere last past for such bryberie as he was thought to be guiltie of for to shewe fauour to the Iewes The king of Scottes when he should depart tooke his leaue in most courteous maner and led with him his new maried wife Sir Robert Norice sir Stephen Bauzan on whom attended sir Robert Norice knight marshall of the kings house and sir StepheÌ„ Bausan and also the Ladie Maude the widow of the Lorde William Cantlow with other An exceeding great wind On the octaues of the Epiphany chanced an exceeding great wind which did much hurt in diuerse places of the realm The B. of Rochester returning froÌ„ the court of Rome The Bishop of Rochesters bul brought w t him a bul authorising him to receyue to his owne vse the .v. part of the reuenues of al y e beneficed men within his dioces The Gasâ—…coignes make warre against the English subiects In this meane while the erle of Leycester remaining in EnglaÌ„d the Gascoignes made sore war against such as he had left behind him withal gaue information to the K. that the Erle of Leycester was a traytor one y t had spoiled the kings subiects And furthermore by his vniust dealings had giueÌ„ to the Gascoignes cause of rebellioÌ„ The K. to boult out the truth of this matter sent first his chaplaine HeÌ„rie WinghaÌ„ afterwards sir Nic. de Moles de Valence as coÌ„missioners to enquire of y e erles doing who weÌ„t returned w tout finding any manifest crime in y e erles demenor The erle was much offended that his innocency shuld be thus suspected But at length being appoynted to returne into Gascoigne he obeyed and hauing a great summe of money he reteyned a power of men of warre aswell French men as other and meaning to bee reuenged of those that had giuen the information agaynst him The Earle of Leycester dauÌ„teth his enimies he strengthned himselfe with the ayde of the king of Nauarre and of the Earle of Bigorre and other so that hee oppressed his aduersaries on eche hande and so abated their pride that if they conueniently had might they would haue yelded themselues to some other prince and vtterly haue renounced the King of Englande for euer A straunge wonder of the newe Moone The .xiij. day of March the newe moone was seene where the prime chaunge by natural course should not haue beene tyll the .xvj. day following and for the space of .xv. dayes that then next ensued the Sunne the Moone and Starres appeared of a red colour And herewith the whole face of the earth seemed as it had beene shadowed with a thicke myst or smoke the winde notwithstanding remayning North and Northeast And herewith began a sore drought coÌ„tinuing a long time the which togither with morning frosts and Northerly windes destroyed the fruites and other growing things which were blasted in suche wise that although at the first it was a very forwarde yeare and great plentie towardes of corne and fruite yet by the meanes aforesayd the same was greatly hindered and specially in the Sommer season when the Sunnes heat increased and the drought still continued The residue of suche fruites as then remayned withered away so that vneth a tenth part was left and yet there was indifferent store For if the abundaunce which the blossomes promised had come forwarde the trees had not bene able to haue borne the same The grasse was so burned vp in pastures medowes A great drought that if a man tooke vp some of it in his hands and rubbed the same neuer so little it streight fell to poulder and so cattel were redie to sterue through lacke of meate and bycause of the exceeding hote nightes there was such abundance of fleas flies and gnattes that people were vexed and brought in case to be wearie of their liues And herewyth chaunced many diseases Many diseases raigned as sweates agues and other And in the Haruest tyme there fell a great death or murreyn amongst cattell A murreyn of cattaile and specially in Norffolke in the fennes and other parties of the South The infection was such that dogs and rauens feeding on the dead carraynes swelled streight wayes and dyed so that the people durst eate no biefe least the flesh happely might be infected Also this was noted not without great wonder that yong heyfers and bullockes followed the mylche kine and as it had beene calues sucked the same kine Also Apple trees and Peare trees now after the time of yeelding their ripe fruite began againe to blossome as if it had beene in Aprâ—… The cause of the death of cattell was thought 〈◊〉 come hereof The 〈◊〉 the catteâ—… After so great a drougth which haâ—… continued by all the space of the monethes of Aprill May Iune and Iuly when there folowed good plentie of raine the earth began to yeelde hiâ—… encrease most plentiously of all growing things though not so wholsome nor of such kindly substance as in due time and season shee is accustomed to bring forth and so the cattell which before was hungerstaruen fed now so greedily of thys newe grasse sprung vp in vndue season that they were sodenly puffed vp with fleshe and such vnnaturall humors as bredde infections amongest them whereof they dyed The Bishop of Lincolne would haue enforced all the beneficed men within his dioces to bee Priests but they purchased a licence from Rome The 〈…〉 to remaine at the Vniuersities for certain yeares without taking the order of Priesthoode vpon them The king meaning to go as he pretended into the holy land had graunt of the Pope to leuie a tenth of his subiects both spirituall and temporal The Câ—… coâ—… to coâ—… of the 〈◊〉 Leyâ—… The Earle of Leycester aduertised thereof followed him and comming to the Court found the Archbishop readie to aduouche the information which he had made agaynst the sayde Earle chiefely in that he had sought the destruction of those whome the Earle of Cornewall when hee was ruler there had graunted life and peace and whome sir Henrie Trubleuile and Waleran the Teutchman late Stewardes of Gascoigne vnder the king had cherished and mainteyned Many other things the Archbishoppe charged him with the which the Erle wittily refelled and disproued â—…e Erle disâ—…reth the â—…gations of accusers so as he was allowed in his iustification by those that stoode by as the Erle of Cornwall and others â—…e Bishop of â—…colnes auâ—…rine to inâ—…re Vicars Churches â—…opriate The Bishop of Lincolne got authoritie of the Pope to institute Vicarages in Churches impropriate to
entred into the North parts of Vlnester with a great armie vpon the day of S. Augustine in May and afterwardes burnt Dundalke Hen. Marle Dundalk burnt and a great part of Vrgile The Irish men also burnt the Church of Athird Moreouer in the battaile of Comeran in Vlnester The battaile of Comeran Richard Erle of Vlnester fled and sir Richard Bourgh sir Iohn Mandeuile and sir Alane Fitz Waren were taken prisoners The Castell of Norbourgh was also taken and at Kenlis in Meth the Lorde Roger Mortimer was discomfited by the foresayde Edwarde Bruce and many of the sayde Sir Rogers men were slaine and taken Also in this .ix. yeare of king Edwards raigne before Christmasse a blasing starre or comet appeared in the north part of the Element by the space of a moneth togither A blasing star Dearth and death and after followed dearth and death as after shall appeare The decease of Guy Earle of Warwike Crokesden Guy Earle of Warwike a man of greate counsaile and skilfull prouidence departed thys life this yeare and was buryed at the Abbey of Bordisley About Mydsommer the Scottes entred eftsoones into Englande 1316 Rich. South doing much mischief with fire and sworde in like sort as they had vsed to do before time not sparing as some write so much as those houses wherein women lay in childbed At their comming to Richmont the Gentlemen of the Countrey that were got into the Castell to defende it compounded with the enimies for a great summe of money to spare the towne and countrey about it without doing further domage thereto at that iourney The Scottes hauing receiued the money â—…ned their march towarde the west partes anâ—â—neying .lx. miles came to Fourneys burninâ—… the Country there aboutes and tooke away 〈◊〉 them all the goodes and prisoners both men 〈◊〉 women which they might lay handes oâ—… 〈◊〉 returned reioysing most of such yron as the 〈◊〉 got in that iourney for they had great wâ—… Scotland of that kind of metall in those day 〈◊〉 The death by reason of the vnseasonable 〈◊〉 ther in the sommer and haruest last past Aâ—… 〈◊〉 The 〈…〉 sâ—… creased for that which with much adoe wâ—…â—…ned after when it came to the proufe yeeldeâ—… 〈◊〉 thing to the value of that which in sheafe iâ—…â—…med to conteyne so that wheat and other gâ—… was at a sore price before now was it enhaâ—… to a farre higher rate the scarcitie therof beâ—… great that a quarter of wheate was solde foâ—… 〈◊〉 which was a great price if we shall consiâ—… it alley of money then currant Also by reason of the murraine that fel aâ—… catel beefes muttons wer vnreasonably 〈◊〉 About this season the Lord HeÌ„rie Beaâ—… a man of high valiancie and noble corage 〈◊〉 gotteÌ„ togither a power of men entred into â—…land and after hee had taken great booâ—… 〈◊〉 spoyles in the Countrey The lâ—… 〈…〉 1317 he being intrapped by Iames Dowglas lost the most part of his 〈◊〉 togither with the pray which they had gotten The displeasure of these mishaps was â—…sed with the naughtie and bold presumption of sir Gilbert Middleton knight Lewes 〈◊〉 meâ—… 〈◊〉 by Sir Gâ—… Middâ—… who being offended y e master Lewes Beamont was preferred vnto the Bishops sea of Durham and Henrie Stâ—… put from it that was first elected and after displaced by the kings sute made vnto the Pope Caxton 〈◊〉 the sayd Lewes Beaumont and his brother HeÌ„rie on WinglesdoÌ„ Moore nere vnto Darington leading the Bishop to Morpath and his brother the Lorde Beaumont vnto the Castell of Misford and so deteyned them as prisoners till they had redeemed their libertie with great summes of money And herewith the saide sir Gilbert being aduaunced in pride Sir Gilâ—… Middâ—… proclâ—… himself 〈◊〉 proclamed himselfe Duke of Northumberlande and ioyning in friendshippe with the Scottishe king Robert Bruce cruelly destroyed the Countie of Richmont With such trayterous partes William FeltoÌ„ and Thomas Heton being not a little stirred first wan by force the Castel of Mytford and after apprehended sir Gilbert Middleton with his companion Walter Selbie and sent them vp to London where shortly after they were drawne hanged and quartered Some write that the sayde sir Gilbert was put to death for robbing two Cardinals to wit Garceâ—… and Fâ—… Cardiâ—… and Lucas Gancellino the Popes Chancellour and Lucas de Flisco that were sent froÌ„ Pope Iohn the .xxij. to consecrate the foresayde Lewes Beâ—… Bishop of Durham 〈◊〉 VVals and to entreate a peace betwixt the Realmes of Englande and Scotlande and also to make an agreement betwixt the king and the Earle of Lancaster The which being mette with vppon Wigilsdon Mâ—â—ried Yorkeshire by the sayde Gylbert â—…an â—…n were robbed of such stuffe and treasure as they brought wyth them but yet escaped themselues and came to Durham â—…dor and from thence sente Messengers vnto Robert Bruce to perswade him to some agreement But whereas he woulde not condiscende to any reasonable conditions of peace at that time they determined to goe into Scotlande to talke with him themselues but before they came to the Borders King Robert who iudged it not to stande with hys profite to haue any peace in that season sent certayne of his people to forbid the Cardinalles the entrie of hys Realme 〈◊〉 curse proâ—…ced aâ—…st the â—…es The Cardinals being thus iniuriously handled pronounced the Scottes by theyr legantine power accursed and enterdyted theyr whole Realme And bycause they sawe nothing lesse than anye hope to doe good with king Robert touching any composition or agreement to bee had they returned againe to the Pope wythoute any conclusion of that for the which they were sent â—…ch Southw After that Edwarde Bruce hadde atchieued such enterprises in other partes of Irelande as in the last yeare ye haue heard he went vnto Fenath and â—…o Skeres in Leynister and there the Lorde chiefe Iustice Edmonde Butler rose agaynst hym with the Lorde Iohn Fitz Thomas that was after Earle of Kildare Sir Arnolde Power and diuerse other with a great armie But by reason of discorde that chaunced amongst them they scaled theyr armie and departed out of the fielde on the .xxvi. daye of Februarie Edwarde Bruce then burned the Castell of Leys after returned into Vlnester he besieged the Castell of Knockfergus and slue Thomas Mandeuile and his brother Iohn at a place called Down as they came thither out of England After this the foresayde Edwarde returned into Scotlande In this season vyttayles were so scant and deare â—…itifull â—…e and wheate and other grayne brought to so high a price that the poore people were constrayned through famine to eate the fleshe of horses 〈◊〉 VVals â—…bian dogges and other vile beasts which is wonderfull to belieue and yet for default there dyed a great multitude of people in diuerse places of the land Fourepence in breade of the courser sort would not
Iohn de Vienne and al the other captains and menne of name were stayed as prysoners and the common souldiers and other meane people of the Towne were licenced to depart and voyde theyr houses leauing all their armor and ryches behinde them The king would not haue any of the olde inhabitantes to remaine in the towne saue onely a Priest and two other auncient personages such as best knew the customes lawes and ordinaunces of the towne He appoynted to sende ouer thither amongest other English men there to inhabite .xxxvj. Burgesses of London Calais made a colonie of Englishmen and those of the wealthiest sort for he ment to people the towne only with Englishe men for the better and more sure defence thereof The King and the Queene were lodged in the Castell and continued there tyll the Queene was deliuered of a daughter named Margaret The Queene brought to â—…ed in the Caâ—…el of Calais Polidor The Cardinals of whom ye heard before being come as Legates from Pope Clement to moue communication of peace did so much in the matter that a truce was graunted betwixte the realme of England and Fraunce for the tearme of .xij. monethes or two yeares as Froissart hath But the English Chronicle Caxton â—…ames Mair 〈◊〉 and Iacobus Meir seeme to agree that this truce was taken but for nine monethes though afterwards the same was proroged Women harde 〈◊〉 agree To the which truce all parties agreed Brytayne excepted for the two women there would not be quieted but still pursued the warre the one agaynst the other After that this truce was accorded the king with the Queene hys wyfe returned into Englande and lefte for Captayne wythin Calais one Sir Amerie of Pauie an Italian Knight Sir Amerie de Pauie or as other Bookes haue he was but Captayne of the Castell or of some one of the Towers of that towne whiche seemeth more lyke to be true than that the king shoulde commyt the whole charge of the Towne vnto hys gouernment beeing a straunger borne and therefore Iacobus Meir is the more to be credited that writeth how sir Amerie of Pauie was left but in charge with the Castell onely and that the towne was committed to the keeping of the Lorde Iohn Beauchampe and Lewes his brother But fow that there was a peace thus concluded betwixt the two kings 1348 Thom. VVals it seemed to the Englishe people that the Sunne brake forth after a long clowdie season by reason both of the greate plentie of all things and remembraunce of the late glorious victories for there were fewe women that were housekeepers within this lande but they had some furniture of household that had beene brought to them out of Fraunce as part of the spoyle got in Caen Calais CareÌ„ten or some other good towne And beside householde stuffe the English Maydes and Matrones were bedecked and trymmed vppe in Frenche womens Iewels and apparell so that as the French women lamented for the losse of those things so our women reioysed of the gaine In this .xxij. yeare An. Reg. 22. Great raine from mydsommer vnto Christmasse for the more part it continually rained so that there was not one day and night drie togither by reason whereof great flouds ensued and the ground therwith was sore corrupted and many inconueniences ensued as great sicknesse and other insomuch that in the yeare following in Fraunce the people dyed wonderfully in dyuerse places In Italy also 1349 An. reg 43. A great mortalitie and in many other Countreys as well in the landes of the Infidels as in ChristeÌ„dom this grieuous mortalitie raigned to the great destruction of people About the ende of August the like death beganne in dyuerse places of Englande and especially in London continuing so for the space of a twelue month following And vpon that ensued great barrennesse as well of the sea as the lande Dearth neyther of them yeelding such plentie of things as before they had done Wherevpon vittaile and corne became scant and hard to come by Aboute the same time died Iohn Stretforde Archbishop of Canterburie after whome succeeded Iohn Vfforde and liued not in that dignitie past ten monethes and then followed Thomas Bredwardin who deceassed within one yere after his coÌ„secration so y t then SimoÌ„ Islep was coÌ„secrated Archb. by Pope Clem. y e .vj. being the .liij. archb y t had sit in that seat Within a while after W. Archb. of York died in whose place succeeded Iohn Torsby being the .xliiij. Archbishop that had gouerned that Church Moreouer in this .xxiij. yere of king Edwards raigne the great mortalitie in England still continuing A practice to betray Calice there was a practise in hand for the recouering againe of Calice to the French kings possession The Lorde Geffray of Charnye lying in the towne of S. Omers did practise with sir Amerie de Pauie to be receyued into the towne of Calice by the Castell secretly in the night season The Italian gaue eare to the Lord Geffrey hys sute and to make few wordes couenanted for the summe of .xx. M. crownes to betray the towne vnto him in such sort as he coulde best deuise Here writers varie Diuersitie in writers for Froissart sayth that king Edwarde had information thereof before that sir Amerie de Pauie vttered the thing himselfe but the French Chronicles and also other writers affirme that the Italian aduertised the king of all the drift and matter betwixt him and the Lorde Geffrey of Charny before he wente through with the bargaine â—…aâ—…n But whether by him or by other truth it is the king was made priuie to the matter at Hauering Bower in Essex where hee kept the feast of Christmasse and therevpon departing from thence Froissart he came to Douer and the day before the night of the appoyntment made for the deliuerie of the Castell of Calice hauing secretely made his prouision he tooke shipping and landed the same night at Calice 〈◊〉 kinâ—… seâ—…reâ—… 〈◊〉 passeth 〈◊〉 to Calice in so secrete maner that few of the towne vnderstoode of his arriuall hee brought with him out of England three hundred men of armes and six hundred archers whom hee â—…ayde in Chambers and towers within the castel so closely that â—…we or none perceyued it the maner he knewe by sir Amerie de Pauie his aduertisements accordingly as it was agreed betwixt them that the Lorde Geffrey of Charny was appoynted to come and enter the towne that nyght The L. Geffrey de Charnâ—…y for the king had commaunded sir Amerie to proceede in marchandising with the sayd Lord Charny and onely to make him prinie of the day and houre in the which the feate shoulde bee wrought 〈…〉 The Lorde Geffrey de Charny being couenanted that he shoulde bee receyued into Calice the first night of the newe yeare departed from Saint Omers where hee hadde assembled fiue hundred Speares the last day of December towarde
set forth fiftie horsemen as though there had beene no mo within the Castell The Erle perceyuing this sent forth sir Randolfe Standish to encounter them hauing with him an hundred horses The Frenchmen tought couragiously a while and sodainly came out all the remnant and slue sir Randolfe Standish and all his companie and boldly set on the Erle and his hande which manfully resisted the French men till at length the Hyre caused three Culuerings to be shotte off amongst the Englishmen whereof one strake the Earle on the ancle and so brake his legge that for payne he fell from his horse Then the French menne entered amongest the Englishenne tooke the Earle lying on the grounde wyth Sir Rycharde Wooduile and sixe score moe and there were slaine almoste two hundred The residue saued themselues as well as they might The Earle was caryed to Beauays where of his hurt he shortly dyed and was buried in the Frier Minors He was a man of syngular vertue constancy and grauitie whose death in so troublous a season did sore appall the heartes of the Englishe people Thus did mightie Mars oftentymes chaunge his variable countenaunce so that one tyme the English menne got by assault and yeelding dyuerse strong Townes Castelles and Pyles and at another season the Frenche people somtime by bargaine sometyme by assault obteyned the same againe or other in their steede Aboute the Moneth of Iune in this twelfth yeare Iohn Duke of Bourbon and Auuergne taken prisoner at the battayle of Agineourt .xviij. yeares past as before ye haue heard nowe paying his raunsome whiche was eightene thousande pounde sterling was taken with a moste sore and grieuous Feuer the which made an and of his lyfe in the Citie of London The Duke of Bourbon dyeth at LondoÌ„ the same daye that was appoynted for his departure towarde Fraunce whose corps was enterred in the gray Friers of the same Citie So thus maye euerye creature see howe man purposeth Continuatioâ—… Chro. of Flau. and God disposeth This yeare also about the latter end of May â–ª was an enteruiew appoynted to be had at Saint Omers betwixt the Dukes of Bedford Burgoigne for the qualifying of certaine displeasures and grudges betwixt them kindled and mainteyned by some flattering taletellers which feyning things of reproche touching highly theyr honors bredde suche grudges that all loue betwixte them ceassed all affynitye was forgotten and all olde familiaritie was drawned through disdayne in the bottomlesse caue of Obliuyon Suche a pestilent breathe hath flatterye and suche myschiefe ensueth of Princes lyght credence These two Dukes being come to the towne of S. Omers the duke of Bedford being Regent of France and sonne brother and vncle to kings thought that the Duke of Burgoigne shoulde haue come and visited him in hys lodging The Duke of Burgoigne on the other parte being Lorde and soueraigne of the Towne iudged it not meete to goe to hym where hee was lodged but was content by intreatie of friendes to meete him in a place indifferente betweene both theyr lodgings which offer was not accepted and so both parties departed discontent and neuer after sawe nor communed togither Thus by the prowde disdeyne and enuious discorde of these two highe stomacked Princes Bedforde not mynding to haue any Peere and Burgoigne not willing to abyde any superiour shortly after Englande loste and Burgoigne gayned not long as by the sequele maye appeare An. reg 13. The Bastarde of Orleans called the Earle of Dunoys the Lorde Rochforde Marshall of Fraunce with other in the beginning of thys thirtenth yeare tooke the Towne of Saint Denys by treason skyrmished with them of Paris and leauing behynde them a great garnison tooke the Towne of Howdone and Pont S. Maxence by composition And at the same tyme was the towne of Pont Meulan taken by the sodaine sealing of two fyshermen which entred vp at a coÌ„mon priuie standing in the wall Thus as yee maye perceyue the warre was continually pursued betwixte these two mightye Nations Englishe and Frenche within the Realme of Fraunce beeing as it were the lystes within the which they had appoynted to trye the game so that no Countrey in the worlde was thought more miserable than the same And though the poore people and Inhabitantes of the good Townes and Villages susteyned most losse in theyr substaunce The fruites of warre yet the menne of warre oftentymes payed deare for theyr chieuance being dayly slaine wounded and taken prisoners and that on both partes as the chaunce of warre accustomably falleth out At length when sacietie of slaughter aboundaunce of murders remembraunce of losse of goodes and expences had somewhat softened the stonie beaâ—…tes of these loftie stomacked people so that eyther parte was desirous of peace yet the one disdained openly to offer it and the other priuately to receyue it The crye and noyse of this detestable warre was blasted throughe Christendome but specially the bruyte thereof was greate at Basile where the generall Councell was as then holden the Emperour Albert and all the Princes of Christendome beeing present there eyther in persone or by theyr procuratours for the abholishing of the Scisme that then continued in the Churche of Rome for this indubitate Pope Wherefore the Emperour and the temporall Princes 1435 supposing the exhortation of spirituall Fathers shoulde muche profite to the quieting of the stryfe betwixt the Realmes of England and Fraunce desyred Eugenie then Pope to bee a mediatour betwixt them And one thing put them in good hope of some good conclusion bycause the Duke of Bourgoigne was wylling so that it were not of hys owne suyte to returne reconcile himselfe with the French King his mortall enimie and auncient aduersarie Herevpon by authoritie of this generall Councell two discrete persons A solempe treatie of peace 〈◊〉 Arras the Cardinals of the holy Crosse and Cypres came to the towne of Arras in Arthoys whither were sent from the King of Englande Henrie Beauforde Cardinal of Winchester Henrie Archbishop of Yorke William de la Poole Earle of Suffolke and Iohn Hollande Earle of Huntingdon with dyuerse other Knights and Esquiers And for the French king were there present Charles Duke of Bourbon Lewes Earle of Vandosme Arthure of Brytayne Conestable of Fraunce the Archbishop of Reimes and sir Philip Harecourt The duke of Burgoigne was there in proper person accompanied with the duke of Guelders and the Erles of Estampes Lygny S. Paule Vandemont Neures and Daniel sonne to the Prince of Orange with a great gard and a gallant companie Vpon the day of the first session the Cardinal of S. Crosse declared to the three parties the innumerable mischiefes that had followed to the whole state of the christen coÌ„mon welth by theyr continual dissention and dayly discord exhorting them for the honour of God and for the loue which they ought to beare towards the aduancement of his fayth and true religion to conforme themselues to reason and to
neuer enter in league with him bycause he had broken his promise oth and writing sealed to him and to his father Other imagined this to bee done of a cautell to cast a mist before the Frenche Kings eyes to the intent hee should beleeue that this feate was wroughte by the Duchesse without assente or knowledge of the Duke or his counsell Thus may yee see that Princes sometyme with suche vayne gloses and scornefull expositions will hide theyr doyngs and cloke their purposes to the intent they woulde not eyther be espyed or else that they maye plucke their heads out of the coller at their pleasure 1437 About this season Queene Catherin mother to the king of England departed out of this life and was buried by hir husband in the minster of Westminster Catherin mother to Kyng Henry maried Owen Ten◅ This woman after the death of kyng Henry the fifth hir husband beyng yong and lustie following more hir owne wanton appetite than friendly counsel and regarding more priuate affection than hir princelyke honour tooke to husband priuily a goodly Gentleman and a ryght beautyfull person endued with manye goodlye giftes bothe of nature and grace called Owen Tenther a man descended and come of the noble lynage and auncient lyne of Cadwallader last king of the Britons by whom she conceyued and brought forth three goodly sonnes Edmund Iasper an other which was a Monke in Westminster and liued a small time also a daughter which in hir youth departed out of this transitorie life King Henrye after the death of his mother bycause they were his breethren of one wombe descended created Edmond Earle of Richmōd and Iasper Earle of Pembroke which Edmōd engendred of Margaret daughter and sole heire to Iohn Duke of Somerset Henry which after was King of this Realme called Henry the seauenth of whome yee shall heare more in place conuenient This Owen after the death of the Queene his wife was apprehended and committed to warde bycause that contrarie to the statute made in the sixte yeare of this King hee presumptuously had married the Queene without the Kings especiall assent out of whiche prison he escaped ◅d let out other with him and was againe apprehended and after escaped agayne Likewise the Duchesse of Bedforde sister to Lewes Earle of Saint Paule minding also to marrie rather for pleasure than for honor without counsel of hir friends maried a lusty knight called Sir Richarde Woduile to the great displeasure of hir Vncle the Bishop of Tyrwine and the Earle hir brother This Sir Richarde was made Baron of Riuers and after Earle and had by this Lady many noble sonnes and faire daughters of the which one was y e Lady Elizabeth after Quene of Englande by reason shee was married vnto Edward the fourth as heereafter shall appeare Whilest this marriage was a celebratyng Iane late Queene of England and before Duchesse of Britaine daughter to the King of Nauerre and wife to King Henrie the fourth dyed at the manor of Hauering and was buryed by hir husband at Canterburie And about the same time deceassed also the Countesse of Warwike and Henrie Archbyshop of Yorke In this yeare also the Duke of Somerset accompanyed with y e Lords of Fancombridge Talbot Sir Francis Surien the Arragonnois Mathewe Gough Thomas Paulet Thomas Harington Walter Limbrike Iohn Gedding William Watton Esquiers and Thomas Hilton Bailife of Roane with a great cōpanie of the Englishe partie Harflew besieged won by the Englishmen besieged the Towne of Harflew lately before gotten by the Frenchmē both by water and lande the Captayne within the towne was one Sir Iohn d'Estouteuille hauing his brother Robert with him and a fixe hundred good fighting men The assailants cast trenches and so fortifyed themselues in their campe and lodgings that when the Earles of Ewe and Dunois ▪ the valiant basterd of Bourbon the Lord Gawcourt and other famous Captaines with a four thousand mē sent to the rescue of them within came before the Towne they coulde not succour theyr frendes nor annoy their enimies by any meanes they could deuise and so for feare to lose honour they returned backe again with much trauaile and little profite The Capitaines within the towne perceiuing they could not bee ayded did shortly after render the town to the duke of Somerset who after cōmitted it to the keepyng of Thomas Paulet William Lymbrik Christofor Barker and George saint George whiche many yeres til the deuision began in England manfully and valiantly defended both the town and hauen But afterward when this Duke of Somerset was Regent and gouernour of Normandie he not only lost this towne of Harflew but also the citie of Roan and the whole duchie of Normandie where as nowe being but a deputie he got it to his high prayse and glorie Iames king of Scottes murthered In this yeare was Iames kyng of Scottes murthered by certaine traitours of his own subiectes The Lord Talbot besieged Tankerville and after four moneths had it simply to him rēdred This towne was no great gayne to the Englishmen for in the meane season the Frenche king in his own person besieged the strong town of Monstreau on fault Yōne whereof Thomas Gerarde being capitayne more for desire of reward than for feare of enimies sold the Towne to the French King and had of him great gifts and good cheere as afterwards was opēly knowen This Towne had bin rescued or the Frenche King fought withall if one chance had not happened for the Duke of Yorke about that tyme was discharged of his office The Earle of Warw◅k made Regent of Fraunce and the Earle of Warwike preferred to the same so that the duke of Yorke lying as then at Roan woulde haue gladly rescued the Towne if his authoritie had not surceassed the Erle of Warwike could not come in time for y e wind was contrarie to him This presente yeare was a Parliament holden at Westminster in the whiche manye good and profitable actes for the preseruation of concord at home and defence against the enimies abroade were ordeyned and deuised Arthur of Britaigne Connestable of France and Iohn Duke of Alanson were sente by the Frenche King into Normandie with a greate army to besiege the towne of Auranches standing vpon the knoppe of an hill where after they had layen a certayne space without gayne the Lord Talbot with a valiant company of men came thither and offered the enimies battaile which when they at all hands refused the Lorde Talbot perceyuing theyr faint harts reysed his field and in the open sight of them all entred into the Towne and the next day issued out and finding the Frenchmen riding abroade to destroy the playne Countrey he compassed them about and slewe many of them and tooke diuers prisoners Although the Frenchmen gote neyther honor nor profit by this iourney yet they enterprised a greater matter as the winning of Roan in so much that Pothon de Santreiles and the
communing and therevpon praying them to spare him for a little while departed thence And soone after one houre betweene tenne and eleuen he returned into the Chamber among them al changed with a wonderful soure angrie countenance knitting the browes frowning and fretting and gnawyng on his lyppes and so satte hym downe in his place all the Lordes muche dismayde and sore marueyling of this maner of sodaine chaunge and what thing should him ayle Then when he had sitten still a while thus he beganne What were they worthie to haue that compasse and ymagine the destruction of me being so nere of bloud vnto the king and Protector of his royal person and his realme At this question al the Lordes sat sore astonied musing much by whom this question should be ment of whiche euery man wyst himselfe cleare Then the Lorde Chamberlaine as he that for the loue betwene them thought he might bee boldest with him aunswered and sayde that they were worthie to be punished as heynous traitors whatsoeuer they were And all the other affyrmed the same That is quoth he yonder sorceresse my brothers wife and other with hir meaning the Queene At these wordes manye of the other Lordes were greatly abashed that fauoured hir But the Lord Hastings was in his minde 〈◊〉 content y t it was moued by hir thaÌ„ by any other whoÌ„ he loued better Albeit his heart soâ—…wâ—… grudged that he was not afore made of 〈…〉 in this matter as he was of the taking of hir â—…red and of their putting to death which were by his assent before deuised to be beheaded at Ponâ—…fret this selfe same day in which he was not ware that it was by other deuised that himselfe shâ—… be beheaded the same day at London Then sayd the Protector ye shall all see in what wise tâ—… sorceresse and that other Witche of hir couâ—… Shores wife with their affinitie haue by theyr sorâ—…erse and witchcraft wasted my bodie â—…ad therewith he plucked vp his dubled sleeue to hys elbow vpoÌ„ his left arme where he shewed a â—…rish withered arme and small as it was neuer other And therevpon euery mans minde sore misgaue them well perceyuing that this 〈◊〉 was but a quarell For they well wyâ—… 〈…〉 Queene was too wise to goe aboute anye 〈◊〉 folly And also if shee woulde yet woulde â—…eâ—… of all folke least make Shores wise of â—…oâ—…uâ—… whome of all women shee moste hated 〈◊〉 Concubine whom the king hir husband had 〈◊〉 loued And also no man was there present but well knewe that his arme was euer suche since hys byrth Naythelesse the Lorde Chaâ—… 〈◊〉 whiche fro the death of King Edwarde 〈◊〉 Shores wyfe on whome hee somewhat 〈◊〉 in the Kings lyfe sauing as it is sayd he â—…haâ—… while forbare hir of reuerence Edwarde the 〈◊〉 or else of a certayne kynd of fidelitie to his 〈◊〉 aunswered and sayde certainlye my Lorde if they haue so heynously done they be worthie â—…nous punishment What quoth the Protectour thou seruest me I wene wyth iffes and wyth andes I tell thee they haue so done and that I will make good on thy bodie traytour and therewith as in a greate anger he clapped his fyst vpon the bourd a great rappe At which token giuen one cried treason withoute the Chamber Therewith a doore clapped and in come there rushing men in harnesse as many as the chamber myght holde And anone the Protectour sayd to the Lord Hastings I arrest thee Traytour What mee my Lorde quoth he yea thee traytour quoth the Protector And another let flie at the Lorde Stanley The Lord StaÌ„â—…â—…eded whiche shrunke at the stroke and fell vnder the Table or else his heade had beene cleft to the teeth for as shortly as he shranke yet came the bloud about his eares Then were they all quickly bestowed in diuerse Chambers except the Lorde Chamberlaine whome the Protectour hade speede and shrine him apace for by Saint Paule quoth hee I will not to dinner till I see thy head off It booted him not to aske why but heauily tooke a priest at auenture and made a short shrift for a longer would not be suffered the Protector made so much hast to dinner which hee myghte not goe to till this were done for sauing of hys othe So was hee brought forth into the greene beside the Chappell within the Tower and hys heade layd downe vpon a long logge of tymber and there stryken off and afterwarde his bodie with the heade enterred at Windsore besyde the bodie of king Edwarde whose both soules oure Lorde pardon A marueylous case is it to heare eyther the warnings of that he shoulde haue voyded or the tokens of that hee coulde not voyde for the selfe night next before his death the Lorde Stanley sent a trustie secrete Messenger vnto him at midnight in all the hast requyring him to rise and ryde away with hym for hee was disposed vtterlye no longer to byde hee hadde so fearefull a dreame 〈◊〉 Lorde â—…deyt â—…e in whiche him thought that a Boare with his tuskes so rased them both by the heades that the bloud ranne about both theyr shoulders And forasmuch as the Protector gaue the Boare for his cognisaunce this dreame made so fearefull an impression in his heart y e he was throughly determined no loÌ„ger to tarie but had his horse readie if the Lorde Hastings would go with him to ride yet so farre the same night that they shuld be out of daunger ere day Ha good Lorde quoth y e Lord Hastings to this messenger leaneth my Lorde thy maister so much to such tryfles and hath such fayth in dreames whiche eyther hys owne feare fantasteth or doe ryse in the nyghtes rest by reason of his day thoughtes Tell hym it is plaine witchcraft to beleue in such dreames whiche if they were tokens of things to come why thinketh he not that we might bee as lykely to make them true by our goyng if wee were caughte and brought backe as friends fayle fleers for then had the Boare a cause likely to race vs wyth hys Tuskes as folke that â—…de for some falsehoode wherefore eyther is there no perill nor none there is in deede or if any bee it is rather in going than byding And if wee should needes cost fall in perill one way or other yet hadde I lieffer that manne shoulde see that it were by other mennes falsehoode than thinke it were eyther by our owne faulte or faynt heart And therefore go to thy maister man and commende mee to him and pray him be merie and haue no feare for I ensure him I am as sure of the man that he woteth of as I am of mine own hande God send grace sir quoth the messenger and went his way Certaine is it also that in ryding towardes the Tower the same morning in which he was beheaded hys Horse twise or thrise stumbled wyth him almost to the falling which thing albeit eche man wote wel dayly happeneth to them to whome
goe on land which being trayned foorth a pretie way frō their ships were sodainly compassed about beset of y e Kentishmen Perkin men ◅fated and at one stroke vanquished driuen backe to their ships of whom ther wer taken prisoners an C.lx. persons Perkins Cap◅nes taken and executed whereof fiue Montfort Corbet White Belt Quintine or otherwise Genin being captaines were brought to Londō by sir Iohn Pechy sheriffe of Kent railed in ropes like Horses drawing in a cart and after vpon their arrainment cōfessed their offēce were executed some at London other in the townes adioining to y e sea coast Perkin retu◅eth into Flāders And thus Perkyn missing of his purpose fled backe into Flāders In this very seson departed to God Cicilie Duches of Yorke mother to K. Edward y e .iiij. at hir castel of Berkhāstere a womā of smal stature The death of Cicely Duches of Yorke but of much honor high parentage was buried by hir husbād in y e colledge of Fodringey The K. being aduertised y e his enimies were landed leauing off hys progresse purposed to haue returned to London but being certified the next day of y e lucky speede of his faithfull subiects cōtinued his progresse sent sir Rich. Guylford both to cōmend the fidelitie manhod of the Kentishmen also to rēder to thē most harty thāks for y e same He also caused order to be takē for y e erecting of beacons and watching of them Perkin then perceiuing that hee shoulde not bee receiued in Englande sailed into Ireland trusting there to augment his nūbers and then to returne towards y e coast of England again and to take land in the West coūtrey if occasion serued but if not Perkin saileth into Irelande thē he determined to saile straight into Scotl. to seeke friēdship ther. After he had therfore stayed a while in Irelād and perceiued y t the hope of victory consisted not in y e Irish nation being naked people w tout furniture of armour or weapon he tooke y e sea againe at Corffe sailed into Scotlande where cōming to the presence of K. Iames he forged suche a painted processe to moue him to beleeue that he was the very sonne of K. Edward that the Scottishe King whether blinded by error or vsing dissimulatiō y t he mighte vnder a coulourable pretext make war against England begā to haue Perkin in great honour and caused him openly to bee called Duke of Yorke And to perswade y e world y t so he was indeede Katherine daughter to the Earle of Huntlay maried to Perkin 1496 he caused the Lady Katherine daughter to Alexander Erle of Huntley his nigh kinsmā to be espoused to him And shortly after hauing this Perkin with him in cōpany he entred into England with a puissant army caused proclamation to be made The Scottishe K. inuideth England with a great army in Perkin his behalfe to spare al those y t would submit thēselfs vnto Richarde D. of Yorke heerewith they began the war in most cruel maner w t slaughter of men brenning of Townes spoiling of houses and committing of all other detestable enormities so that all the Countrey of Northumberlande was by them in manner wasted and destroyed At length when the souldiers were ladē with spoile and saciate with bloud perceiuing that no succoures came out of Englād vnto the new inuented Duke contrary to that whiche he had made them to beleeue would come to passe they determined to returne rather with assured gaine than to tarrie y e vncertaine victorie of that counterfaite Duke and so therevpon they withdrew backe into Scotland enriched with prayes and booties It is saide that Perkin Warbecke beeyng retourned into Scotlande with the Kyng of Scottes vnder a cloked pretence should sore lamente the greate slaughter spoyle and domage which had bin done at this last roade made into Englande and therefore as one that bare a naturall loue towarde his natiue Countrey besoughte the King of Scottes that from thenceforth hee woulde no more so deface his naturall Realme and destroy his subiects with suche terrible fire flame and hauocke as who should say he beeing ouercome now with compassion dyd bewayle the cruell destruction of his naturall Countrey of England But the Scottish King told him that he seemed to take thought for that which appeared to be none of his sith that not so much as one Gentleman or yeoman for ought that he coulde see would once shewe themselues ready to ayde hym in the warre begunne for his cause and in his name within that realme whiche he pretended so cleerely to apperteine to him The Kyng of Englande beeing certyfied of this inuasion prepared an armye with all diligence to haue resisted the Scots but they were returned ere the Englishe power could assemble togither An. reg 12. When the King was truely certified that the Scottishe King was returned home hee stayed all the preparations made at that time to goe against him but yet meaning to bee reuenged of the wrongs done to hym by King Iames and his people he first called a Parliament and in that assemblie of the three estates of his Realm he declared the cause of the instant warre how necessarie it should be for the suretie and welth of the realme of England to haue that war pursued against those enimies that had begon it To this motion all the nobilitie wholly agreed And to the maintenance of that warre a subsidie was by whole assent of the parliament freely giuen and graunted Which payment though it was not great yet manie of the cōmon people sore grudged to pay y e same as they that euer abhorre such taxes exactions At the same parliament were diuers acts statutes made necessarie and expedient as was thought for the publike weale of the realm 1497 In the meane season the K. of Scots perceyuing that the Englishmen would shortly goe about to reuēge the iniuries done to them by him and his people assembled eftsoons a puissant armie that he might either defende his realme against the English power attempting to inuade his countrey or else a fresh to enter into the English borders And thus these two mightie princes mynded nothing more than the one to endomage the other But the king of England wold not deferre one houre by his good will til he were reuenged and therfore prepared a mightie army to inuade Scotland and ordeyned for chieftayn therof y e lord Daubeney But as this army was assembled and that the lord Daubeney was forward on his iourney towards Scotland he was sodainly stayed and called backe again by reason of a new commotion begon by the Cornishmen for the paimēt of the Subsidie which was granted at the last parliament A Rebellion in Cornewall for the payment of a subsedie These vnruly people the Cornishmen inhabiting in a bareyn country and vnfruitful at the firste sore repined that
the whole couÌ„saile there assembled that the kings sergeants and Attourneyes should go to the L. Chauncellor to haue a sight of all the sayde leagues and charters of truses to the intent they might frame their indytements according to the matter And note that iudge Fineux sayd that al such as were parties to the said insurrection were giltie of high treason as wel those that did not commit any robberie as those that were principall doers therein themselues bycause that the insurrection in it selfe was highe treason as a thing practised against the regal honor of our souereign lord the king and the same law holdeth of an insurrection said Fineux made agaynst the statute of laborers for so sayd he it came to passe that certaine persons within the Countie of Kent began an insurrection in disobedience of the statute of labourers and were attainted therefore of high treason and had iudgement to be drawn hanged and quartered He shewed where and when this chaunced c It was further determined by the same Fineux and all the Iustices of the lande that vpon the sayde Commission of Dyer and Terminee in London the Iustices named in the same commission might not arraigne the offenders and proceed to their tryall in one selfe day no more than myght the Iustices of peace But Iustices in Eyer myght so doe as well as the Iustices of Gaole deliuery and as the sufficiencie of the Iurours wythin the Citie to passe betwyxte the King and the sayde Traytours the Iustices determined that hee that hadde landes and goodes to the valewe of an hundred Markes shoulde bee inhabied to passe vppon the sayde indytementes And thys by the equitie of the Statute of Anno vndecimo Henrici septimi the which wil that no manne bee admytted to passe in any Inquest in London in a Plea of landes or other action in which the damages shall passe the value of fortie shillings excepte hee bee woorth in landes or goodes the valew of an hundred Markes On Saterday the seconde of May in thys ninth yeare all the Commissioners wyth the Lorde Maior Aldermen and Iustices wente to the Guylde hall where manye of the offendours were indyted as well of the Insurrection as of the robberyes by them committed agaynst the truses Herevppon they were araigned and pleading not guiltie hadde day gyuen till the Monday nexte ensuyng On which day being the fourth of May the Lorde Maior the Duke of Norffolke the Earle of Surrey and other came to sitte in the Guilde hall to proceede in theyr Oyer and Determiner as they were appoynted The Duke of Norffolke entred the Citye with thirtene hundred armed men and so when the Lordes were sette the Prysoners were brought throughe the Streetes tyed in Ropes some menne and some laddes of thirtene yeares of age Among them were dyuerse not of the Citie some Priestes some Husbande menne and labourers The whole number amounted vnto two hundred three score and eyghtene persons This daye was Iohn Lyncolne indyted as a principall procurour of this mischieuous insurrection and therevppon hee was arraigned and pleading not guiltie had day giueÌ„ ouer til Wednesday or as Hall sayth tyll Thursday next ensuyng He was charged with such matter as before ye haue hearde concerning his suyte vnto Doctor Standish and Doctor Bele for the reading of this bil in their sermons and opening the matter as before yee haue heard all whiche matter with the circumstances he had confessed on sunday the thirde of May vnto sir Richard Cholmley sir Iohn Daunsie sir Hugh Skeuington Diuerse other were indited this Monday and so for that time the Lordes departed The next day the Duke came againe and the Erle of Surrey with two M. armed men which kept the streetes It was thought that the Duke of Norffolk bare the citie no good will for a lewd priest of his which the yeare before was slaine in Cheape When the Maior the duke the erles of Shrewsburie and Surrey were set the prisoners were arreyned .xiij. found guiltie adiudged to be haÌ„ged drawne quartered for executioÌ„ wherof were set vp .xj. paire of galowes in diuerse places where the offences were done as at Algate at Blanchchapelton Gracious streete Leaden hall and before euery Counter one also at Newgate at Saint Martins at Aldersgate and at Bishopsgate Then were the prisoners that were iudged brought to those places of executioÌ„ and executed in most rigorous maner in the presence of the L. Edmond Howard son to the duke of Norffolke and knight Marshall On Thursday the seuenth of May was Lyncolne Shyrwin and two brethren called Bets 〈◊〉 Lincolne the Author of 〈◊〉 May day â—…ed 〈◊〉 â—…eside and diuerse other adiudged to die They were layd on Hardels and drawne to the Standert in Cheap and first was Iohn Lincolne executed and as the other had the rope aboute theyr neckes there came a commaundement from the king to respite the execution and then was the Oyer and determiner deferred till an other day the prisoners sente againe to warde and the armed men departed out of London and all things were set in quiet Thursday the .xxij. of Maye the king came into Westminster hall The king coÌ„meth to Westminster Hal there sate in iudgement himselfe and with him was the Cardinall the Dukes of Norffolke Suffolke y e erles of Shrewsbury Essex Wilshire Surrey with many lords other of the kings couÌ„sell The Maior and Aldermen with other of the chief Citizens were there in theyr best liuereys by nine of the clocke in the morning according as the Cardinall had appoynted them Then came in the prisoners bound in ropes in ranke one after another in their shirtes and euery one had an halter about his necke being in number foure C. men .xj. women When they were thus come before the kings presence the Cardinall layd sore to the Maior and Aldermen their negligence and to the prisoners he declared howe iustly they had deserued death Then all the prisoners togither reyed to the king for mercie and therewith the Lordes with one consent besought his grace of pardon for theyr offences The king pardoneth al the rebels at whose request the king pardoned them all The Cardinal then gaue to them a good exhortation to the great reioysing of the hearers And when the general pardon was pronounced all the prisoners shouted at once cast vp their halters into the roofe of the hal This company was after called the blacke Wagon After that these prisoners were thus pardoned All the gallowes within the Citie were taken downe and the Citizens tooke more heed to their seruants than before they had done The Quene of Scots retourneth into Scotlande The .xviij. of May y e Q. of Scots departed out of LondoÌ„ toward ScotlaÌ„d richly appoynted of all things necessarie for hir estate through the kings greate liberality bountiful goodnesse She entred into Scotland the .xiij. of Iune and was receiued at Berwik by hir
the vnderstanding of the case and still they assayed if they coulde by any meanes procure the Queene to call backe hir Appeale whiche she vtterly refused to doe The king mystrusteth the legates of seking delayes The King woulde gladly haue had an ende in the matter but when the Legates droue tyme and determined vpon no certaine point be conceyued a suspition that this was done of purpose that their doings might draw to none effect or conclusion Whylest these thinges were thus in hande the Cardinall of Yorke was aduised that the King had set his affection vpon a yong Gentlewoman named Anne the daughter of Syr Thomas Bulleyn vicount Rochfort whiche did wayt vpon the Queene This was a great grief vnto the Cardinal as he that perceyued aforehande that the king woulde marie the sayd Gentlewoman if the diuorce tooke place wherefore he began wyth all diligence to disappoynt that matche which by reason of the myslyking that he had to the woman he iudged ought to be adâ—…eyded more than present death Whylest the matter stoode in this state and that the cause of the Queene was to be hearde and iudged at Rome The secrete vvorking and dissimulation of Cardinal VVosley by reason of the appeale which by hir was put in the Cardinall required the Pope by letters and secrete messengers that in any wise he shuld deferre the iudgemeÌ„t of the diuorce till hee might frame the Kinges minde to his purpose but he went aboute nothing so secretly The king conceyuet a displeasure against the Cardinall but that the same came to the kings knowledge who toke so highe displeasure with suche his cloaked dissimulation that he determined to abase his degree sith as an vnthankfull person he forgotte himselfe and his dutie towardes him that had so highly aduanced him to all honor and dignitie Hall When the nobles of the realme perceyued the Cardinall to bee in displeasure they began to accuse him of suche offences as they knewe myght be proued against him Articles exhibited againste the Cardinall and therof they made a booke conteyning certayne articles to whyche diuers of the kings counsell set their handes The king vnderstanding more playnly by those articles the great pride presumption and couetousnesse of the Cardinall 〈◊〉 â—…ued against him but yet kepte his purpose secrete for a whyle and first permitted Cardinal Campeius to departe backe agayne to Rome not vnrewarded Shortly after a Parliament was called to beginne at Westminster the third of Nouember next ensuyng In the meane tyme the King being infourmed that all those thyngs that the Cardinall had done by his power Legantine within thâ—… realme were in the case of the Prâ—…ite and prouision caused his atturney Christofer Hales The Cardinall fued in a Preâ—…nire to sue out a â—…te of Premuâ—…re againste hym in the whiche he licenced him to make his attourney And further the .xvij. of NoueÌ„ber the King sent the two Dukes of Norfolke and Suffolke to the Cardinalles place at Westminster The great seale taken from the Cardinall to fetche away the greate Seale of Englande Sir William Fitz William knighte of the Garter and Treasorer of his house and doctor Stephen Gardiner newely made Secretarie were also sent to see that no goodes shoulde be conueyed out of his house The Cardinall him selfe was appointed to remoue vnto Ashere besyde Kingston there to tary the kings pleasure and had things necessarie deliuered vnto hym for his vse After this in the Kings benche his matter for the Premunice beyng called vpon Iohn Sents K. Edmâ—…nd â—…eâ—… two atturneys whiche he had authorised by hys warrant signed with his owne hande The Cardinall condemned in 2 Premunire confessed the action and so had iudgement to forfeit all hys landes tenementes goodes and cattelles and to be out of the Kings protection but the king of hys clemencie sente to hym a sufficient protection and lefte to hym the Byshoprickes of Yorke and Winchester wyth place and stuffe conuenient for his degree The Bishoppricke of Duresme was gyuen to Doctor Tunstall Bishoppe of London and the Abbey of Sainct Albons to the Priour of Norwiche Also the Bishopricke of London being nowe voyde was bestowed on Doctor Sâ—…okesley then Ambassadoure to the Vniuersities beyonde the Sea for the Kyngs marryage The Ladye Margaret duchesse of Sauoye aunte to the Emperour and the Ladye Loyse Duchesse of Angolesme mother to the French Kyng mette at Cambreye in the beginnyng of the Moneth of Iune to treate of a peace where were presente Doctour Tunstall Bishoppe of London and Sir Thomas Moore then Chancellour of the Duchie of Lancaster coÌ„missioners for the K. of EnglaÌ„d At length through diligence of the sayde Ladies a peace was coÌ„cluded betwixt the Emperour the Pope the Kings of Englande and France This was called y e womans peace proclaimed by Heralts with sound of trumpets in y e City of London to y e great reioycing of the Merchauntes who during the warres had susteyned much hinderance The frenche King was bound by one article among other to acquite the Emperour of fourescore and ten thousand crownes which he ought to the King of England The four and twentith of Nouember was Sir Thomas More made Lorde Chancellor and the nexte day led into the Chancerie by the Dukes of Norffolke Suffolke ther sworne The Parliament beginâ—… At the day appointed the Parliament began and Tho. Audeley Esquier attorney of the Duchie of Lancaster was chosen speaker for the coÌ„mons of the lower house In this Parliament the commons of the nether house beganne to common of their greefes wherwith the spiritualtie had sore oppressed theÌ„ and namely sixe great causes wer shewed wherin the Cleargie greatly abused the temporaltie The first in the excessiue fines The commoÌ„s of the lower 〈◊〉 compayne against the Cleargie whiche the ordinaries tooke for probate of Testamentes The second in the extreame exactions vsed for takyng of corps presentes or mortuaries The thyrde that Priests contrary to their order vsed the occupying of Fermes graunges and pastures for grasing of Catell c. The fourth that Abbots Priors and other of the Cleâ—…gie kepte tanne houses and bought and solde wolle cloth and other merchandises as other common merchants of the temporaltie did The fifth cause was the lacke of residence whereby both the poore wanted necessary refreshing for sustenance of their bodyes and all the parishoners true instructions needefull to the health of their soules The sixth was the pluralitie of benefices and the insufficiencie of the incumbents where diuers well learned schollers in the Vniuersities had neyther benefice nor exhibition Herewith were three hilles deuised for a reformation to be had in such cases of great enormities as firste one bill for the probate of testaments also an other for mortuaries and the third for none residence pluralities and taking of Fermes by spirituall men There was sore hold about these billes before they might passe the vpper house
words tending to the rebuke of sinne and improuing of suche new opinions as then began to rise And to bring the people the more in beliefe with hir hypocriticall doings she was counselled to say in those hir traunses that she should neuer be perfectly whole till shee had visited an Image of our Lady at a place called Court at Streete within the parish of Aldington aforesaid Thither was she brought and by the meanes of the sayd Richard Master and Edward Bocking that was now made of counsel in the matter there assembled a two thousand persons at the day appointed of hir thither comming to see the miracle At which day shee being thither brought afore all that assemble and multitude of people she falsely feigned and shewed vnto the people in the Chappel of our Lady there at Court at Streete A forged miracle many alteracions of hir face and other outwarde sensible partes of hir body and in those traunces she vttered wonderous words as she was before subtilly and craftely induced and taughte by the said Edward Bocking and Richard Master And amongst other things she vttered that it was the pleasure of God that the sayde Bocking should be hir ghostly father and that she should be a religious woman And within a while after suche feigned and counterfeite traunses shee appeared to the people to be suddaynely relieued from hir sicknesse and afflictions by the intercession and meane of the Image of our Lady being in the same Chappel By reason of whiche hipocriticall dissimulation the said Elizabeth was broughte into a maruellous fame credite and good opinion of a greate multitude of the people of this Realme and to encrease the same Elizabeth Barron becommeth a Nunne by the counsell of the said Edward Bocking she became a Nunne in the priorie of S. Sepulchres at Canterbury to whome the said Edwarde Bocking had commonly hys resorte not withoute suspition of incontinencie pretending to be hir ghostly father by Gods appoyntment And by conspiracie betwene hir and him she still continued in practising hir dissimuled trannses alledging that in the same she had reuelations from almightie God his Saincts and amoÌ„gst other that which as before we haue mentioned touching the Kinges mariage as yee haue heard This mater proceeded so farre that ther was a booke writteÌ„ by hir complices and namely by Thomas Laurence register to the Archbyshop of Caunterbury of hir feigned and counterfaite miracles reuelations and hipocriticall holynesse All things were handled so craftely that not only the simple but also the wise and learned were deceiued by the same in so muche The Archbyshop of Canterbury and the Byshop â—… Rochester giue crediâ—… to hir hypocriticall praâ—…tises that William Warham the late Archbyshop of Caunterbury and Iohn Fisher Byshop of Rochester and dyuers other beeing enformed thereof gaue credite thereto All whiche matters and many other had bin traiterously practised and imagined amongst the parties many yeares chiefly to interrupt the diuorse and to destroy the King and to depriue him from the Crowne and dignitie royall of this Realme as in the acte of their atteinder made more at large it may appeare and likewise in y e Chronicles of maister Edward Hall Therefore to conclude with hir and hir adherents the one and twentith of Aprill nexte following shee with diuers of them before condemned was drawen to Tiborne Elizabeth Barton executed and there executed as iustly they had deserued At the very time of hir deathe shee confessed howe she had abused the world and so was not only the cause of hir own death but also of theirs that there suffred with hir and yet they could not as shee then alledged bee worthy of lesse blame than she considering that they being learned and wise enoughe myght easily haue perceyued that those things which she did were but fained Neuerthelesse bycause the same were profitable to them they therefore bare hir in hand that it was the holy Ghost that did them and not she so that puffed vp wyth their praises shee fell into a certayne pryde and foolishe fantasie supposing shee might faine what she would whiche thyng had brought hir to that ende for the whiche hir misdooings she cried God and the Kyng mercy and desired the people to praye for hir and all them that there suffred with hir In this Parliament also was made the acte of succession for the establishing of the Crowne The acte of the establishing of the Crowne to the whiche euery person beyng of lawfull age shoulde be sworne On Monday the three twentith of Marche in the Parliament time Ambassadors forth of Scotland were solemnely receyued into London Ambassadors from Iames the fifth King of Scottes the Byshop of Aberdine the Abbot of Kynlos and Adam Otterborne the Kings attourney with diuers Gentlemen on them attendaunte whiche were broughte to the Taylers Hall and there lodged And on the day of the Innunciation they were brought to the kings Palaâ—…ce at Westminster where they shewed their commission and message forthe which the king appoynted them dayes to counsayle During the Parliament time euery Sunday at Paules Crosse preached a Bishop declaring the Pope not to bee supreeme heade of the Church The .xxx. day of March was the Parliament proroged â—…e Lordes 〈◊〉 to the â—…ion and there euerie Lorde knight and burges and all other were sworne to the Acte of succession and subscribed the inhandes to a parcâ—…ment fired to the sâ—…e The Parliament was proroged till the thirde of Nouember next After this were Commissioners sent into all parts of the realme to take the othe of al men and women to the act of succession Doctor Iohn Fisher and sir Thomas Moore knight and doctor Nicholas Wilson Parson of Saint Thomas Apostles in London expressely denied at LaÌ„beth before the Archbishop of Canterb. to receyue that oth The two first stood in their opinion to the verie death as after ye shall heare but doctor Wilson was better aduised at length so dissembling the matter escaped out of further daunger The .ix. of Iuly was the Lord Dacres of the North arraigned at Westminster of high treason An. reg 26. where the Duke of Norffolke sat as Iudge and high steward of England The sayd Lorde Dacres being brought to the hares with the Axe of the Tower before him after his Inditement read so improued the same answering euery part and matter therein conteyned and so plainly and directly confuted his accusers whiche were there readie to aâ—…ouch their accusations that to theyr great shames and his high honor he was founde that day by his Peeres not guiltie whereof the Commons not a little reiâ—…sed as by their shawt and crie made at those wordes not guiltie they freely testified The 〈◊〉 of August were all the places of the obseruant Friers suppressed as Greenwich Stow. Canterburie Richmont Newarke and Newcastell and in their places were set August in Friers and the obseruant Friers were placed in
cleane rased Wherat the king taking great ioy presently called to certain of the Lordes of the counsel that were by and sayd How say you my Lords Chatillons garden the new forte is layd as flat as this floore One streight amongst them gaue iudgement That he â—…as had done it was worthy to lose his headâ—… The king streight replyed he had rather lost a dozen such he 〈◊〉 as his was thaâ—… so iudged 〈…〉 such seruants as had done it And herew t he coÌ„manded y t the L. Greys pardon shuld â—…ly be made y e which with a letter of great â—…kes and promise of rewarde was returned by the sayd sir Thomas Palmer to the sayd Lord Grey but the reward fayled the king not continuyng long after in lyfe the like happeÌ„ wherof had oftentymes happened vnto diuers of his worthie auncestors vpon their due desertes to haue bin considered of and therfore the cafe the lesse straunge This haue I set downe the more willyngly for that I haue receiued it from them which haue herd it reported not only by the L. Greys owne mouthe but also by the relation of Syr Thomas Palmer and others that were present The same not tendyng so muche to the Lord Greys owne prayse as to the betokening of the kings noble courage and the great secret trust which he worthyly reposed in the sayde Lord Grey Here is to be noted also least any man shuld mistake the matter as if the K. dealt indirectly herein that his Maiestie knowyng howe the Frenchmen in goyng about to buyld this fort did more than they might by the couenaÌ„ts of y e peace therfore was resolued at the first aduertisement thereof to haue it rased But yet for y t it might haply haue bin signified ouer vnto the freÌ„chmen before my L. Grey could haue accoÌ„plished the feate he therfore wisely wrote one thing in his letters whervnto many might be priuie sent secrete knowledge by words contrarie to the contents of the same letters so as if the messenger were trustye hys pleasure mighte not bee discouered to the hinderance or disappointing of the same but nowe to oure purpose The French king after this bycause as yet he woulde not seeme to breake the peace commaunded the trenches and newe fortifications made aboute thys fortresse called Chatillons Garden thus cast down to be filled by his own people and so it rested during the lyfe of king Henry but afterwardes it was begon againe and finished as after ye shall heare The Duke was atteynted by Parliament and the Atteynder after reuersed in the fyrste yeare of Queene Mary The euill hap as well of the father as of the sonne was greately lamented of many not onely for the good seruice which the Duke had done in his dayes in defence of this realme but also for that the Erle was a Gentleman well learned and knowne to haue an excellent witte if he had bin thankfull to God for the same and other suche good giftes as he had endued him with The king maketh his Testament The King now lying at the point of death made his last wil and testament wherin he not onely yelded himselfe to Almightie God but also tooke order that during the minoritie of his sonne Prince Edward his executors shuld be counsellors and ayders to him in all things as well concerning priuate as publike affairs They wer .xvj. in number whose names were as here foloweth His executors Thomas Cranmer Archebishop of Canterbury Thomas Wrioshlley Lord Chancellor Sir William Paulet knight of the order lord Saint Iohn great maister of y e houshold Sir Edward Seimer knight of the order erle of Herâ—…ford high ChaÌ„berlain of England Sir Iohn Russell knighte of the order Lorde Priuie seale Sir Iohn Dudley knighte of the order â—â—rout Lisle and baron of Manpas high Admirall of Englande Cutbert Tunstall bishop of Durham Sir Anthony Brown knight of the order and maister of the horsse Sir Edmund Montacute knight chiefe Iustice of the common place Sir Thomas Bromeley knighte one of the Iustices of the kings benche Sir Edward North knighte Chauncellour of the Augmentation Sir William Paget knight of the order Sir Anthonie Denny knight Sir William Herbert knight Sir Edwarde Wotton knighte Treasourer of Caleys The deceasse of king Henry the eyght Nicholas Wotton deane of Canterburye and Yorke So soone as the sayde noble King had finished his laste wyll and testamente as afore is sayde he shortly thervpon yelded vp his spirite to Almightie God departing this world the xxviij daye of Ianuarie in the thirtie and eyghte yeare of his reigne and in the yeare of our lord 1546. after the accompt of the churche of England but after the accompt whiche we follow here in this booke .1547 begynning our yeare the first of Ianuarie He reigned .xxxvij. yeares .ix. monethes and odde days His body according to his wil in that behalf was conueyd to Wyndsoxe with all funerall pompe and in the Colledge there enterred This noble Prince was ryght fortunate in all his dooings so that coÌ„monly what soeuer he attempted had good successe as well in matters of peace as of warres Of personage hee was tall and mightie in his latter dayes somewhat grosse or as we terme it bourly in wit memorie verie perfect of suche maiestie tempered with humanitie ' as best became so noble high an estate a great fauorer of learning as he that was not ignorant of good letters himselfe and for his greate magnificence and liberalitie his renoune was spread through the whole world Of learned men that lyued in the dayes of this moste famous prince we fynde many as first Iohn Colet deane of Paules and founder of the Schoole there he was borne in London of honest parentes William Lillie borne in the towne of Odiham in Hampshire was the first Schoolemaister of Paules Schoole after it was erected Tho. Linacer or rather Linaker borne in Derbyshire a learned Physitian and well seen in the toungs Iohn Skelton a pleasant Poet Richard Pace that succeded Iohn Colet in the roome of Deane of Poules Iohn Fisher Bishoppe of Rochester of whome yee haue herd before Tho. More born in London of whom likewise meÌ„tion is made in the life of this kyng Will. Horman born in Salisburie viceprouost of Eaton Colledge a lerned man as by his woorkes it appeareth Iohn Frith borne in London William Tyndall of whiche two persons ye haue hearde lykewyse in the historie of this King Roberte Wakefield excellently seene in the toungs Iohn Rastell a citizen and Stacioner of London Christofer Saint German an excellente Lawyer Roberte Barnes of whome also wee haue made mention beefore Syr Thomas Eliot knight Edward Lee Archebishop of Yorke Iohn Lerlande a diligente searcher of Antiquities Anne Askewe wrote certayne treatises concernyng hir examinations Sir Iohn Bourchier knyght Lorde Berners translated the Chronicles of sir Iohn Froissarte out of Frenche into Englishe William Chubb es Henry Standyshe a Frier Minor
North seas were led from Southwarke to Wapping and fiue of them were there hanged the other two had theyr pardon at the gallowes The .xvij. of Aprill Foure women on the Pillory a Chandlers wife without Aldredes gate of London who had practised hir husbandes death by poysoning and other wayes was set on the Pyllorie in Cheape wyth three other women who had beene of hir counsayle two of them were wyth hir there whipped Our Queene at the request of hir cousin the yong King of Scottes appoynted sir William Drurie knight marshal of Barwike to passe into Scotland with a thousande souldiours and fiue hundred Pioners and also certaine peeces of Artillerie to helpe by siege and force of Canon to constrayne those that kepte the Castell of Edenbourgh agaynst the sayde King to yeelde the same into his handes Herevpon the sayde sir William Dunrie hauing with him sir Frauncis Russell sir George Carie sir Henrie Lee maister Thomas Cecill maister Michaell Carie Captaine Brickwell Captaine Read Captaine Erington maister of the Ordinance and Prouost Marshall captaine Pickman captaine Yaxley Captaine Game Captaine Wood Captaine Case Captayne Strelley maister Thomas Sutton maister Cotton maister Kelway maister Dier maister Tilney and others with the number of the souldiours and Pioners afore mentioned passed frō Barwik and by conuenient iourneys came vnto Lieth from whence the .xxv. of Aprill all the foote bandes marched to Edenbourgh at whom were shot after they entred the towne dyuerse and sundrie Canon shottes out of the Castell which did little harme to any of them thankes be to God sauing that captaine Brickwell was hurt in the face and handes with stones raysed by the sayde Canon shotte The same day the Castell was sommoned by a Messenger in maner as followeth Sir William Kirkaudie sometyme of Graunge knight for as muche as the Queenes Maiestie my soueraigne Ladie vpon the earnest request of hir deare cousin the King of Scottes your soueraigne Lorde made to hir highnesse by his Regent Nobilitie and states of this realme after all good meanes vsed to haue reduced you to dutifull obedience of his authoritie by treatie which hitherto you haue not duly hearkned vnto to the only hinderance of the vniuersall peace in this realme by withholding that his highnesse Castell meaning as it seemeth to reserue the same for a receptacle of forraine forces to the manifest daungers both of this Realme and of my soueraignes and therefore necessarie to remoue so perillous a danger to both the realmes for which consideration hir maiestie hath sente hir ayde and succours of men Ordinaunce and Munition vnder my charge and leading for the expugnation and recouerie of the sayde Castell to the sayde Kings vse and behoofe and therefore according to hir Maiesties commaundement and Commission this shall be in due maner to warne require and sommon you that you render and delyuer the sayde Castell wyth the whole Ordinance Artillerie Munitions Iewels Householde stuffe and suche other implements within the same to mee to the vse and behoofe of the King your soueraigne and his regent in his name immediately after this my letter of sommons or knowledge of the same shall come vnto you which if you obey as of duetie you ought then will I in hir Maiesties name interpone my selfe to trauaile with the Regent Counsaile and Nobilitie here for the safetie of your lyues c. Otherwise if you continue in your former obstinacie abyding the Canon then no further to looke for grace or fauour but you and the rest within that Castell to be pursued to the vttermost and holden as enimies to hir maiestie your owne soueraigne and Countrey Yeuen at Edenburgh by me sir William Drurie knight generall of hir Maiesties forces nowe in Scotlande thys .xxv. of Aprill .1573 The Lorde of Graunge Captaine of the Castell notwithstanding this sommonance refused vtterly to yeelde the fortresse who therevpon receyued such aunswere from the Generall as stoode not greatly to his contentation Here vpon were the Pioners set in hande to cast Trenches and to rayse Mountes in places conuenient to plant the Ordinaunce vpon as by the draught of the plot therof and herevnto annexed may appeare They within spared not to bestow such shot as they had both great and small verie roundly as well at the Pioners as souldiours that were appoynted to garde them insomuch that dyuerse were hurt and some slaine before the same Trenches and Mountes might bee brought to any perfection although no diligence was wanting to hasten the same Amongst other one Duberie Lieutenant to Captaine Strelley was striken with a small shot the first day that the siege thus began and dyed of the hurt The last of Aprill also one maister Maunsfield a gentleman seruing vnder captaine Read was hurt but yet without daunger of death The .viij. of May maister Neuill a Pencioner was also hurt Thus diuerse were hurt and some slaine both Englishmen and Scottes without and they within escaped not altogither free especially after that the Trenches and Mountes were brought in state to defende the assaylantes who watching and warding in the trenches answered them within the Castell verie roughly At length the great Ordinance was placed on the Mountes and in the Trenches so that vpon the .xvij. of May there were .xxx. Canons shotte off agaynst the Castell and so well bestowed in bat◅erle at Dauids tower Dauids tower that by the ruynes thereof then and after the force of the English Canons was easie to consider The xviij.xix and xx of May the Canons and demir Canons were not ydle but the .xxj. the whole batterie beganne on eche side the Castell from the Trenches and Mountes verie hotely The batterie begon on eche side the castel and still tury within ceassed not to make answere againe with their artillerie killing and hurting diuerse both Englishmen and Scottes but such was the diligence of the English Gunners encouraged wyth the presence of the Generall and others that they displaced the Ordinaunce in the Castell and stroke one of theyr chiefe Canons iust in the mouth whereby the same was broken in peeces and the shyuers flue aboute their eares that stoode neare it by reason whereof the Englishmen rested the more in quiet continually after so long as the siege endured Albeit with theyr small shotte and some tyme wyth theyr great Peter Burford and Clement Wood gunners slaine they wythin slue and hurt dyuerse as well Gunners as other of the Englishmen and Scottes in the Mountes and Trenches The .xxvj. of May the Assault was giuen at seuen of the clocke in the morning to the Spurre The Spurre woonne which by the hardie manhoode of the assaylants was woonne and was no sooner entred by the Englishmen but that the Generals ensigne was shewed and spred vpon the front and toppe thereof to the great discomfort of them within the Castell In the meane tyme whylest those were appoynted to gyue the assault thus to the Spurre there were certaine Englishe
feast of Easter 151.23 Bruydon Monasterie 191.105 Bristow Castle besieged 763.90 Breuse William and hys wyfe and children flye the realme for wordes the Lady Breuse spake of king Iohn 566.67 Brabanders famous in skill practise of warre 445.61 Brightwoulf King of Mercia chased by the Danes 206.113 Broc Philip Canon of Bedford arreigned of murder banished the land 402.47 Bridges Agnes doth penance for faining to be possessed by the diuell 1870.46 Broc Raynulfe accursed by Archbyshop Thomas Becket 409.79 Bray wonne 1528.10 Bristow Castle fortifyed by the byshop of Constans 318.55 Brenne Iohn King of Ierusalem commeth into England 622.74 Brian sonne to Robert Earle of Gloucester 379.37 Britaine Dukedome obtayned by Guy sonne to the viscount of Touars husband to Constance Arthures mother 555 84. Bristow castle builded 351.54 Brecknock battell fought by the Englishmen agaynst the Welchmen 324.36 Brereton captaine of the aduenturers slaine 1531.30 Breuse Lady and her sonne takē and sent to prison 570.15 Bridgnorth castle fortifyed against King Henry the first 339.59 Bryson Castle taken by y e Englishmen 524.23 Brimsbery bridge repayred 222.5 Brun hugh Earle of March 560.14 Barnes Doctor burnt 1580.4 Britaines ouerthrowne by the Saxons at Bedford 142.105 Briake in Britaine assaulted by Englishmen pag. 1154. col 1. lin 20. taken col 2. lin 2. Brennus marryeth the Prince of Norway Elsung or Elisings daughter 23.99 Brendholme Edmunde put to death 158.32 Broc Roger seruant to Archbishop Thomas Becket 406.29 Brun Hugh Earle of Marche dyeth 729.46 Brecknock in wales takē 222.18 Britaine holdes furnished with French souldiours 543.51 Brest deliuered to the Duke of Britaine 1090.2 b. Britaine the lesse through ciuil dissention of a fruitfull soyle becommeth a wylde desarte 410.19 Braybroke Henry taken prisoner 624.67 Bridgewater pag. 1321. col 1. lin 15. Brute Greeneshield dyeth and is buried at Yorke 18.60 Bromierd Philip. 1463.18 Brigantes reuolt from the Romanes to Venutius 58.95 Brute encountred by Giauntes in Britaine 15.74 Britaine at the first creatiō was part of the continent 1.28 Britaine Britonant 916.44 b. Duke of Britaine commeth into England 924.46 a. Britons brene the town of Plimouth pag. 1140. col 2. lin 28. woulde haue landed at Dartmouth pag. 1142. col 1. lin 1. their crueltie lin 29. Battell of Graueling 1780.40 Thomas of Brotherton borne 835.45 b. Brute searcheth this land from one end to another 15.68 Bridge of London begun to be made of stone 566.84 Duke of Britaine dyeth 916.7 a. Brightrick put to death 260.44 Nicholas Brembre executed 1071.37 b. Brent Marche pag. 1321. col 1. lin 14. Duke of Britaine aydeth Henry Duke of Lancaster 1105.12 Bristow Castle 371.21 Bromeley towne 277.14 Bricennamere 222.19 Britaine wasted by the Constable 993.33 b. Britaine of the Samothei called first Samothea 2.76 Breause William his craftie dealing with the Welchmen 439.103 Brandon Henry sonne to Charles Duke of Suffolke by the Frenche Queene Created Earle of Lincolne 1526.13 British Monkes and Priestes slaine by Edelfred 154.10 Brighthelme succeedeth Alfin in the Archbyshoprick of Cātorburie 233.82 Bridgnorth Castle surrendred to the King 396.13 Broughty crag wonne by y e Lord Clinton 1630.17 besieged in vaine by Monsieur de Chapell 1635. wonne by Monsieur de Chermes 1702. Bulleyne Thomas Knight sent Ambassadour into France 1506.26 Bulleyne Thomas treasurer of the kynges house created Viscont Rochefort 1536.19 Butler Piers created Earle of Ossory 1550.15 Bulleyne Anne daughter to the Earle of Wylshyre is created Marchionesse of Penbrok 1558.33 goeth w t the Kyng to Calice ead 44. is married to the kyng 1559.33 is crowned Queene 1560.50 is committed to the Tower 1565.5 is beheaded and her speache before 1565.18 Bussey Roger. 391.21 Bussey Iordaine 391.22 Burthred succeedeth Bertwolf in the kyngdome of Mercia and marrieth Ethelswida sister to Ethelwolfus 207.110 Burialles found of late vppon Ashdone in Essex 256.1 Burcher Peter his manifold madnesse desperate deedes and shamefull death 1869.44 Bulgarie in olde time called Mesia 103.31 Bunghey Castle made playne with the ground 445.22 Buly king of Powsey in Wales 122.58 Burthred constrained to forsake his countrey goeth to Rome and there dyeth 212.24 Bunghey castle 436.5 Bury Abbey spoyled by the Danes 249.75 Buren Count at the siege of Muttrel 1594.45 Burthred Kyng of Mercia expulsed out of his kingdome by the Danes 218.89 Buckinghamshyre wasted by the Danes 245.71 Burnyng feuers reignyng in England 314.26 Bunduica looke Voadicia Buckingham Castles builded 221.45 Burgenild daughter to Kyng Kenvulf of Mercia 205.40 Bullenberg assaulted by Chastillion and valiantly defended 1640.40 Buying and selling of men in England prohibited 341.34 Bulmer Wylliam knight 1448.46 Philip Duke of Burgoigne marrieth the Earle of Flanders daughter 976.45 b. Buckenburne Robert attainted 1425.45 Duches of Burbon taken prisoner 979.20 a Bucke Iohn attainted 1425.51 Burwham 1463.24 Boyham castle wonne 1529.35 The Burse built 1836.30 proclaimed by Herought Trumpetter the Royall Exchange 1857.44 Bulles agaynst breakers of statutes 1098.1 b Bullocke Martin hanged 1862.13 Robert Burnel bishop of Bathe 791.58 a. Burthred Kyng of Mercia marrieth kyng Ethelwolfus daughter 206.9 Burgh Hubert marryed to Margaret the king of Scotlands sister 619.73 Burdee pag. 1381. col 1. lin 14. Bulleyne Thomas Viscont Rochefort created Earle of Wylshyre 1553.10 Burton vpon Trent 583.64 Bulmer Iohn knight put to death 1570.10 Bulleyne besieged 1595.8 yeelded 1796.40 Bulles from the Pope agaynst Wicliffe 1008.20 b. Burgoigne spared for money 965.49 a. A Bull from Rome hanged on the byshop of Londons gate 1852.27 Burdiaur yeelded to the Frēch pag. 1285. col 2. lin 14. Burials of traytours and felous permitted 874.40 a. Bury Abbay spoyled 885.20 b. Bu◅yris slayne by Hercules in Egypt 5.106 Burgh Hubert created Earle of Kent 630.103 Simon Burleis lyfe and erecution 1072.16 a. Burgh Hubert appoynted warden of the Marches betwixt England and Wales 551.110 Brumpton Wylli of Burford attainted 1425.55 Bulmer Wylliam knyght discomfiteth the Lord Hume 1487.34 C. Castles in England commaunded to be rased 389.63 Castles suffred to stand contratrarie to couenaunt 392.59 Cartbridge Castle vppon Seuerne builded 216.75 Carausius slayeth Bassianus the King 78.58 Carausius a Britaine getteth together a great armie of Britaines to expell the Romanes out of Britaine 78.64 Cadwallo slayne and his huge armie vanquished 165.19 Cadwalloes Image set vp for a terrour 165.26 Cadwallo beginneth to ◅eygne ouer Britaine 165.81 Cadwallo vanquished by Edwine fleeth into Scotlande Ireland and Armorike Britaine 166.37 Cadwallo departeth this lyfe 167. Cadwalloes body enclosed in an Image of brasse and set ouer Ludgate in Londō 167.41 Caerlton now called Gloucester 51.53 Cangi now the inhabitants of Denbighshyre in Wales 54.7 Cangi or Denbighshyre men vanquished by the Romanes 54.16 Camulodunum peopled wyth bandes of olde souldiers 54.38 Camulodunum where it standeth 54.49 55.15 Cadwallan Prince of Wales traytrously slayne 453.25 Cadwalline looke Cadwallo Cadwallo King of Britaynes rebelleth against Edwyne 163.45 Crueltie of Cadwallo Penda in their victorie ouer the Northumbers 164.1 Cary castle 368.75
second daughter to Leir 19.96 Maglanus Duke of Albania discomfited and slayne 20.55 Maudes Castle in Wales 537.74 Mary the daughter of Henry the second French Queene and Duches of Suffolke dyeth 1561.4 Maximilian the Emperour weareth a crosse of Saint George 1484.36 Maxentius Emperour hated for his tyrannie 90.93 Marentius sonne to Maximianus Herculeus the Emperour 91.6 Margaret countesse of Salisburie executed 1581.4 Mandeuyle William loseth his standerd 610.1 Mallorie Iohn 1462.11 Marshal Richard Earle of Penbroke sayleth into Ireland 645.30 is taken prisoner 645.37 dieth of a wound 645.48 Marshal Gilbert made Earle of Penbroke and Marshal of Henry the thyrds house 646 2. Manchester towne repayred 222.72 Magna Carta confirmed by Henry the third 626.50 Martan Nunrie founded 726 36. Maximianus and Dioclesianus renounce the rule of the Empire 89.34 Marshal William Earle of Penbroke dieth 617 16. Matthew Earle of Bullongne slayne 429.34 Magus expert in the course of the Starres 2.57 Makarel Doctor hanged 1570.36 Malmesbury Abbey founded 190.19 Monkes of Couentrie displaced and secular Canons set in their roumthes 494.89 Manlius Valeus and his Legion vanquished by the Britanes 51.50 Marcharus fleeth into Scotland 298.62 Marisch William executed 703.76 Marcus the Lieutenant slayne in a tumult 97.119 Matthew of Westminstr deceyued 141.49 Magistrates of the Citie of London deposed by Henry the third 621.34 Margret sister to Edward the fourth pag. 1317. col 2. lin 11. Maximinus vaÌ„quished at Tarsus and eaten with lice 91.67 Mamertinus cited 33.42 Mandeuile Iohn cited 227.24 Margaret countesse of Lisle deceaseth 730.68 Malmesburie builded 23.51 Mauus looke Aruiragus Mackbeth slayne 275.63 Maldon 221.2 Marcellinus cited 3.80 Mauus deliuered to king Iohn 547.30 Mary Queene of man 803.50 b. Martin de la Mare pag. 1328 col 1. lin 1. Masse abrogated and forbidden 1640.32 is restored 1722.56 is eftsons abrogated 1797.27 Mather Edmond executed for treason 1861.37 Margret sister to Edgar Edeling married to Malcolme the fourth king of Scottes 298.74 Marlebourgh Castle besieged and rendred to the Bishop of Durham 516.42 Maydes sent ouer into litle Britayne for wiues to the inhabitantes 95. Malta assigned to the knightes of the Rhodes 1554.58 Malchus consecrated Byshop of Waterfoord in Ireland 328.35 Earle of March dieth in France 967.12 b. Malmesburie Castle builded 371.71 Manduit Robert drowned 357.112 Margret daughter to king Edward the third borne 943.40 a. Marham Iustice 1123. col 2. lin 40. Mary daughter vnto Henry the right is dishinherited by the will of king Edward 1714.20 Her letter vnto the Councell after the discease of her brother 1716. their answere vnto it 1717.10 fleeth to the Castle of fremingham whither forces repaire vnto her from all partes 1717.50 is proclaimed Quene 1718.40 entering the towre releaseth dyuers prisoners 1720.35 restoreth to thir sees all the Bishoppes depriued in the reigne of King Edward and remoueth all Bishoppes made in those dayes 1721.10 Crowned 1722.40 â–ª publisheth a pardoÌ„ with many exceptions ead 50. assigneth Commissioners to take order with men excepted out of the pardon and other eadem 10. holdeth a Parliament eadem 28. sendeth for Cardinall Poole 1723.5 commaundeth a publique disputation to be holden eadem 41. is espoused vnto Philip prince of Hispaine 1724.4 her Oration in the Guildhal 1728.26 her stout courage 1731.40 pardoneth two hundred and twenty rebels 1734.53 holdeth a Parlament 1735.4 is maried to Philip prince of Hispaine 1756.55 the conditions of the mariage eadem 46. holdeth a Parlament 1759.34 setteth at libertye diuers prisoners in the towre 1763.17 sendeth ambassadours vnto Rome 1763.40 holdeth a parliament 1765 10. releaseth the first fruits and tenthes 1764.16 constantly supposed to be with child 1764.40 proclaymeth warre against y e french king and sendeth an armye into France 1767.40 taketh the losse of Calice at the hart 1782.40 dyeth eadeÌ„ 50. is honourably buryed 1785.22 Maximus king of Britain looke Maximianus Maude queene sueth to Maud Empresse to release Kyng Stephen and is repulsed 377.4 Maximianus Dioclesianus felowes in gouerment of the Empire 83.16 Marius sonne to Aruiragus begynneth to raigne ouer Britaine 66.108 Maximilian the Emperour dieth 2506.50 The Mary Rose drowned 1602.40 MauÌ„t citie burnt by king William 314.47 Maude wife to king Stephen departeth this lyfe 386.11 Mary queene of Hungary dieth 1786.11 Marcus Papyrius smiteth a Gual on the head is therefore slaine 26.49 Margaret sister to Hugh Lupus Earle of Chester maryed to Iohn Bohun 323.65 Maudes Castle repayred by Henry the third 638.63 Manrishe Geffrey Lord chiefe Iustice of Ireland 636.19 Mary the Scottish queene maryed vnto Fraunces Dolphin of Fraunce 1778.51 Mack William a Burgh created Earle of Clarickford 1590.11 Marentius the Emperor slain by Constantinus 91.70 Margaret Countesse of Richmond her wisedome in aduising her nephewe Henry the eight 1464.40 Malmesbury Abbey fleeced of possessions 195.28 Marton Colledge founded 794.53 a Marshal William Earle of Pembroke appoynted gouernor to Henry the third 609 5. Magus the second king of Celtica 2.84 Magi from whence deriued 2.104 Magus or Magi what it signifieth 2.108 Martias gouernmeÌ„t â—â—mmended 29.40 Malbanke Pierce Baron of Nantwich 323.45 Margaret Countesse of Salisbury daughter to Edward Duke of Clarence pa. 1350 col 2. lin 42. Marshal William sent into Normandy with men of armes 551.104 Mac Mur principal rebel of Ireland 1103.57 b. offreth to parlee with the king 1104.43 a Mauleon Sauery reuolteth to the French king 624.41 Mathew Paris cited 325.74 and. 329.18 Matthâ—…us Westmonasteriensis cited 22.61 and. 28.31 and. 29.78 Marshal William Earle of Pembroke vanquisheth his enemyes 614.20 Maud Empresse confesseth her selfe to haue bene naught of her body 392.15 Marcharus imprisoned againe by king William Rufus 317.36 Margaret Countesse of Richmond and Darby mother to Henry the seuenth pa. 1326 co 1. lin 15. Mackbeth vsurper of y e crowne of Scotland put to flight by Earle Siward 275.59 Masters of the Vniuersitie of Oxford summoned to be at the Parlament 745.60 Mattheus Westmonasteriensis cited 240.23 and. 240 35. and. 261.19 and. 284 82. Mary daughter to Henrye the eight borne 1498.51 Marc a Celtike word 4.102 Marianus Scotus cited 116 53. Magnus elected king of the Norwegians after the death of king Cnute 266.76 Margaret Countesse of MouÌ„tfourts valiaÌ„tnes 916.30 a Myls borne downe with yee 324.25 Melun besieged by the Englishe pag. 1209. col 2. li. 16. yeelded pa. 1210. col 2. li. 6 Memorancie of Fraunce aydeth Owen Glendour pag. 1149. col 2. lin 50. Meschines Randulfe Earle of Chester 323.18 Medwal Henry 1463.16 Mekins Richard a buye burnt 1581.22 Menlane yeelded to the Englishe pag. 1202. col 2. lin 37. Meaur deliuered to the french pag. 1263. col 1. lin 48. Merton Abbey founded by Gilbert a Norman 649.16 Messengers from the Frenche king 873.48 a. Mercia rebelleth against Oswy 176.46 Mercies recouer both theyr confines and libertie 176.51 Mercia annexed to kyng Edwardes dominions 221.105 Mercie riuer 222.6 Meidhamsted Abbey builded 181.11 Meidhamstede now called Peterborough 181.11 Meanuari a
Northumberland 312.48 Mutterel besieged 1594. the siege broken vp 1590.40 Murder committed at Oxford vppon a woman by a Priest 568.58 Murther in Westmin Church 1010.12 b. Murtherers to suffer death by hanging 472.59 Murtherers of king Constantius strangled 109.98 Merkam chiefe Iustice lost his office pag. 1381. col 1. lin 16. A Muster of Horsemen 1712.14 Mulinucius looke Dunwallo Mulinucius lawes 23.34 Murcherdach King of Ireland 326.70 Murreine among cattel 314.27 Earle of Murrey taken prisoner 898.20 b. Murton Byshop of Elie committed to warde pag. 1387. col 1. lin 8. N. Nathaliod a Britaine neyther of ancient house nor of skyll in the warres 127.67 Nathaliod and his army discomfited by the Saxons 127.84 Nazaleod king of Britaines maketh warre vpon the west Saxons 130.14 Nazaleod with his armye discomfited and slaine 130.39 Nazaleod nowe called Certicestshore 131.18 Nailes wherewith Christ was fastned to the crosse found what was done with them 91.115 and. 92.19 Nanneus sent to defend the inuasion of the Saxons 105 102. Nayles set in cuppes to measure draughtes 231.112 Nathaliod made general of the British army against y e Saxons 127.67 Names of the Bishops and Nobilitie present at the homage done by the Scottish kyng to kyng Iohn 550.14 Name of this land generally to be called England 204.45 Names and line of the kings of the seuen kingdomes of England 281.1 King of Naples disswadeth the French king from battaile 905.18 a. Nauntes citie vnliuered to K. Henry the second 398.43 Narcissus sent into Gallia to perswade the souldiers to go into Britaine 48.72 Narcissus in great credit with Claudius the Emperour 52 42. Nambre Earle Henry taken by the French 546.41 Nations neare to Britaine are subiect to the Romans 86 88. Names of the most valiant captaines and soldiers whose fame is moste renoumed for their noble deedes in the holy land against the Sarasins 504.3 Nauie alway in a readines to defend the coastes from Pyrates 266.51 Names of British kings which reigned from Elidurus to Lud. 32.65 and. 32.100 and. 33.40 King of Nauer commeth into England 991.41 a Names of the Peeres sworne to king Iohn 542.79 Names of the bishops present at the Coronation of kyng Iohn 545.10 Names of the nobilitie at the coronation of kyng Iohn 545.29 Names of the Bishops that accursed king Iohn and the Realme and afterward fled out of the Realme 566.24 Names of the sureties sworne to keepe the league made betweene king Iohn and Regiginald Earle of Boloigne 572.41 Names of the noblemen that continued vnto king Iohn 573.50 Names of British people which submyt them selues to Cesar 42.74 Names of foure kings in Kent at Cesars commyng 42.97 Nauie sent out by king Egelredus against the Danes 240.10 Nauie of Spaniards French discomfited by the Englishe men 1020.53 a Nantes besieged by the Englishmen 1021.54 a Names of learned men flourishing in the tyme of king Henry the thyrd 783.64 Names of the Barons that tooke part against king Henry the thyrd 726.19 Names of the Barons whiche tooke part with king Henry the thyrd against the other nobles of the Realme 726 35. Names of the Lords that banded them selues against kyng Iohn 588.45 Nauarre wonne by Ferdinand the kyng of Hispaine 1473 50. Nauie of Frenchmen 908.44 a. Robert de Namur serueth king Edward the third 940.45 b. Earle of Namur taken by the Scots 898.50 a Nauclerus cited 75.107 Names of writers that liued in king Iohns dayes 607.36 Names of the Lords that at the first went not against kyng Iohn but afterwardes ioyned with the other Barons at London 589.32 Names of the parties that sate to make the agreement betwene king Iohn and the Barons 589.75 Names of those elected to see the agreement betweene K. Iohn and his Barons performed 590.25 Names of the noble men and captaynes that came from beyond the seas to ayde king Iohn against the Barons 592.80 Names of the chiefe prisoners taken by king Iohn in the castle of Rochester 593.34 Names of the captaines of that part of the armye that Kyng Iohn left about London and of the other parte that went with hym Northward 595 7.14 Names of the Barons accursed by the Pope 596.77 Names of the chiefe captaynes vnder whom ayde came out of Fraunce to the Barons against king Iohn 597.72 Names of the noble men reuolting from king Iohn to Lewes 600.34 Names of Castles wonne by Lewes 600.78 Neotus an Abbot motioner of the founding of the vniuersitie of Oxford 217.63 Neuille George Lorde of Burgeyny cōmitted to the towre but deliuered againe 1460 20. New supply of Saxons sent for to come into Britaine 102.70 Neuill Alexander his Heptarchie cited 205.35 Newmerch and Vernon restored to the Duke of Normandie 393.47 Newcastle otherwise called Drincouet besieged woon 429.30 Newport a litle towne 1415 co 1. lin 13. Henry Newarke made archbishop of Yorke 815.32 a. dieth 835.58 a Newe mynster in Winchester builded 217.57 Newgate set on fire 1765.40 Newe eractions 1102.52 b. New historie which is the British historie 38.72 Newbourgh 194.66 Neuile Edward knight beheaded 1572.5 Newton slayeth Hamilton in combat 1634.30 Alexander Neuil Archbshop of Yorke fleeth 1070.36 a. attaynted 1071.25 New Forrest made by king William 313.85 Newcastle towne recouered from the Scottes 397.6 Lord Neuil sent into Britaine 993.7 b. Guy de Nealle Marshal of Fraunce slayne 947.10 b. Neal Bruce taken 842.50 a. executed 843.17.6 Neuil Iohn knight executed 1581.2 Newmerch Castle besieged and deliuered to the Frenchmen 385.20 Newark pag. 1329. col 1. lin 28. Newbourgh Abbey founded 394 28. Nefle Castle yeelded to the Frenchmen 510.40 Neuil Raufe Byshop of Cicester dyeth 611.42 Newburge Robert a man of great honour 398.32 Nennius a Britayne cited 7.14 Newburie Castle wonne by king Stephan 386.42 Raufe Lord Neuil created Earle of Westmerland 1097.30 b. Neuil Hugh high Iustice of the Forrestes 549.44 Newcastle pag. 1315. col 1. lin 13. Newcastle in olde tyme called Monkaster 307.100 Neomagus a Citie in Britaine by whom builded 2.95 Newton Peter knight Counsellour to Prince Arthur 1456.54 Newarke Castle builded 371.75 Newcastle taken by the Scots 366.80 Newcastle vpon Tyne brent by casual fire 728.16 Newarke Castle restored to the Byshop of Lincolne 105. Newcastle towne and Castle founded 311.8 Neglecting of Iustice is cause of greater mischiefes 311.82 Newburne Churh 312.26 Neuil Raufe elected Archbyshop hf Canterburie and the election made voyde by the Pope 637.27 Neuer as yet any king drowned 329.76 Neuille Alane accursed by Archbishop Thomas Becket 409.63 Nennius getteth away Cesars swoord in fyght 39.16 Nenuius dyeth of the hurte which Cesar gaue him 39.20 Neptunus called Nepthuin 5.4 Neptunus parentage 5.5 Neptunus called king and God of the seas 5.19 Newburgh brent by Earle Iohn 538.4 Nectaridus Earle of the Sea coast in Britayne slayne 103.95 Neuil Charles Erle of Westmerland rebelleth 1839.38 fleeth into Scotland 1841.12 Nicholas Burdet knight pag. 1227. col 1. lin 32. lin 56. col 2. lin 10. pa. 1237 co 2. lin 30. pag.
the greatest part of Shropshyre which the Welch occupied not Lancaster Glocester Hereford alias Hurchforde Warwijc and Hertforde shyres the rest of whose territories were holden by such princes of other kingdomes thorow force 〈◊〉 bordered vpoÌ„ the same And thus much haue I thought good to leaue in memorye of the aforesaid kingdomes not omitting in y e meane time somewhat here to remember of the diuision of the Island also into Prouinces as the Romaines seuered it whiles they remayned in these parts Which being done I hope that I haue fullye discharged whatsoeuer is promised in the title of this Chapter The Romaines therefore hauing obteined the possession of this Island deuided the same at y e last into fiue Prouinces The first wherof was named BritaÌ„nia prima â—…itannia â—…ma conteined the east part of England as some doe gather froÌ„ y e Trent vnto y e Twede The second was called Valentia â—…lentia included the West side as they note it froÌ„ Lirpole vnto Cokermouth The thirde hight Britannia secunda â—…itannia â—…cunda and was that portion of the Ile which laye Southwardes betwéene the Trent and the Thames The fourth was surnamed Flauia Cesariensis â—…auia Ceâ—…iensis and contayned all the countrey which remayned betwéene Douer the Sauerne I meane by south of the Thames and wherevnto in lyke sort Cornewall and Wales were orderly assigned The fift and last part was then named Maxima Cesariensis â—…axima â—…esarienâ—… now Scotland The most barren of all the reast yet not vnsought out of the Romaines bicause of the great plentie of fishe and foule fine Alabastar and harde Marble that are ingendred and to be had in the same for furniture of housholde and curious buylding wherein they much delited Of the auncient Religion vsed in this Island from the comming of Samothes vnto the conuersion of the same vnto the faith of Christ Cap. 8. IT is not to be doubted but at the first and so long as the posteritie of Iaphet onelye reigned in this Islande that the true knowledge and forme of religion brought in by Samothes â—…amothes was exercised among the Britains And although peraduenture in processe of time either thorow curiositie or negligence y e onely corrupters of true pietie and godlynesse it might a little decay yet when it was at the woorst it farre excéeded the best of that which afterwarde came in with Albion and his Chemminites as maye be gathered by vewe of the supersticious rites which Cham and hys successours dyd plant in other countries yet to be found in Authors What other learning Magus the sonne of Samothes taught after his fathers death wheÌ„ he also came to the kingdome Magus beside thys which concerned the true honoring of God I can not easily saye but that it shoulde bée naturall Philosophie and Astrology wherby his disciples gathered a kinde of foreknowledge of thinges to come the verye vse of the worde Magus among the Persians doth yéeld no incerteine testimony In lyke maner Sarron it shoulde séeme that Sarron sonne vnto the sayde Magus diligentlye followed the steppes of hys father thereto opened Schooles of learning in sundrie places both among the Celtes and Britaines whereby such as were his Auditours grewe to be called Sarronides notwithstanding Samothei Semnothei that aswell the Sarronides as the Magi otherwise called Magusei Druiydes were generally called Samothei or Semmothei of Samothies stil among the Grecians as Aristotle in his de magia doth confesse and calling them Galles hée addeth thereunto that they first brought the knowledge of Letters and good learning vnto the Gréekes Druiyus the sonne of Sarron as a scholler of his fathers owne teaching séemed to be exquisite in all thinges Druiyus that pertayned vnto the deuine or humaine knowledge and therfore I may safely pronounce that he excelled not onely in the skill of Philosophie and the Quadriuialles but also in the true Theologie whereby the right seruice of God was kept preserued in puritie He wrote moreouer sundry precepts and rules of religious doctrine which among the Celtes were reserued very religiously and had in great estimation among such as sought vnto them Howe and in what order this Prince left the state of religioÌ„ Corrupters of religion I meane for those publike orders in administration of particular rites and ceremonies as yet I do not reade howbeit this is most certayne that after he dyed the purity of his doctrine began somewhat to decaye for such is the nature of man that it wil not suffer any good thing long to remaine as it is left but either by additioÌ„ or substraction of this or that to or from the same so to chop chaunge withal froÌ„ time to time that there is nothing of more difficulty for such as doe come after theÌ„ then to find out the puritie of the originall and restore the same againe vnto hir former perfection In the beginning this Druiyus did preach vnto his bearers Caesar that the soule of man is immortall that God is omnipotent mercyfull as a father in shewing fauor vnto the godly and iust as an vpright Iudge in punishing of the wicked That the secrets of mans hart are not vnknowen and only knowen to him and that as the worlde and all that is therein had their beginning by him at his owne will so shall all things likewise haue an end when he shal sée his time He taught them also howe to obserue the courses of y e heauens Strabo li. 4. Socton lib. success Cicero diuinat 1. and motions of the planetes to finde out the true quantities of the celestiall bodyes and thereto the compasse of the earth and hidden natures of thinges contayned in the same But alas this integritie continued not long among his successours for vnto the immortality of the soule they added that after death it went in to another bodye the seconde or succedent being alwayes eyther more noble or more vile than the former as the partie deserued by his merites whylest he liued here on earth Plinius lib. 16. cap. vltimo For said they of whoÌ„ Pythagoras also had and taught this errour if the soule appertayned at y e first to a king he in this estate did not leade his lyfe woorthie of this calling it should after his decease be shut vp in y e bodie of a slaue begger cocke Owle Dogge Ape Horse Asse Worme or Monster there to remaine as in a place of purgation punishmeÌ„t for a certaine periode of time Beside this it should peradueÌ„ture sustaine often translation from one bodie vnto another according to the quantitie and qualitie of his dooinges here on earth till it should finally be purified and restored againe to all other humaine bodie wherein if it behaued it selfe more orderly then at the first after the next death it shoulde be preferred eyther to the bodie of a king or other great estate And thus they
made a perpetuall circulation or reuolution of our soules much like vnto the continuall motion of the heauens which neuer stande stil nor long yeeld one representatioÌ„ and figure They brought in also the woorshipping of many goddes and their seuerall sacrifices Oke honored wheron mistle did grow so doe our sorcerers euen to this day thinking some spirits to deale about the same for hidden tresure they honoured likewyse the Oke wheron the Mistle groweth and daily deuised infinitie other toyes for errour is neuer assured of hir owne dooinges wherof neyther Samothes nor Sarron Magus nor Druiyus did leaue them any prescription These things are partly touched by Cicero Strabo Plinie Sotion Laertius Theophrast Aristotle and partly also by Caesar and other authours of later time who for the most part do coÌ„fesse y t the chiefe schoole of the Druiydes was holden here in Britaine whether the Druiydes also themselues that dwelt amoÌ„g the Galles woulde often resorte to come by the more skill and sure vnderstanding of the misteries of that doctrine Estimation of the Druiyâ—… or Drâ—… priestâ—… Furthermore in Britaine and among the Galles and to saye the truth generally in all places where the Druiysh religion was frequented such was thestimatioÌ„ of the Priestes of this profession that there was little or nothing done without their skilfull aduise no not in ciuill causes pertayning to the regiment of the common wealth and countrey They had the charge also of all sacrifices publicke and priuate they interpreted Oracles preached of religion and were neuer without great numbers of yoong men that hearde theÌ„ with great diligence as they taught froÌ„ time to time Touching their persons also Immuâ—…ty of the clergy â—â—ter vndâ—… Idolaâ—… then vnder the gospell they were exempt from all temporal seruices impositioÌ„s tributes and exercise of the warres which immunitie caused the greater companies of Schollers to flocke vnto theÌ„ from all places learne their trades Of these likewise some remayned with them seuen eyght tenne or twelue yeares still learning the secretes of those vnwritten mysteries by heart which were to be had amongst them and commonly pronounced in verses And this policie as I take it they vsed onely to preserue their religion from contempt where into it might easye haue fallen if any bookes thereof had happened into the hands of the commoÌ„ sorte It helped also not a little in y e exercise of their memories where vnto bookes are vtter enemies insomuch as he that was skillfull in the Druiysh religion would not let readily to rehearse many hundredes of verses and not to fayle in one tytle in the whole processe of this his laborious repetition But as they dealt in this order for matters of their religioÌ„ so in ciuill affaires historical Treatises setting downe of lawes they vsed like order and letters almost with the Grecians wherby it is easy to be séene that they retayned this kinde of writing froÌ„ Druiyus the originall founder of their religion and that this yland hath not béene voyde of letters and learned men euen sith it was first inhabited After the death of Druiyus Bardus Bardus his sonne and fift king of the Celtes succéeded not onely ouer the sayde kingdome but also in his fathers vertues whereby if is very likely that the winding and wrapping vp of the sayde Religion after the afore remembred sorte into Verse was first deuysed by hym for he was an excellent Poet and no lesse indued with a singular skill in the practise and speculatioÌ„ of Musicke of which twoo many suppose him to be the very author and beginner although vniustly sith both Poetry Song was in vse before the floude Gene. 4. vers 21. as was also the Harpe and Pype which Iubal inuented and coulde neuer be performed without great skil in musicke But to procéede as the chiefe estimation of the Druiydes remained in the ende among the Britons only for their knowledge in religion so dye the same of the Bardos for their excelleÌ„t skill in musike and Heroicall kind of song which at the first contayned only the high misteries of their religion There was little difference also betwéene them and the Druiydes â—…he Barâ—… degeâ—…rate till they so farre degenerated from their first institutioÌ„ that they became to be minstrels at feastes droncken meetings and abhominable sacrifices of the Idols where they sang most commonly no diuinitie as before but the noble actes of valiaunt princes and fabulous narratioÌ„s of the adulteries of the gods Certes in my tyme this fonde vsage and therto the very name of the Bardes are not yet extinguished amoÌ„g the Britons of Wales where they call their Poetes Musiciâ—…ns Barthes as they doe also in Irelande There is moreouer an Islande appertinent to the region of Venedotia wherinto the Bardes of old time vsed to resorte as out of the waye into a solitarie place there to write and learne their songes by hearte and meditate vppon such matters as belonged to their practises And of these Lucane in his first booke writeth thus among other the like sayinges well towarde the latter ende also saying â—…cane â—… 1. Vos quoque qui fortes animas belloque peremptat Laudibus in longum vates dimittitis euum Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi Et vos barbaricos ritus moremque sinistrum Sacrorum Druiydae positis reque pistis ab armis Solis nosse Deos coeli numina vobis Aut solis nescire datum nemora alta remotis Incolitis lucis Vobis authoribus vmbrae Non tacit as erebi sedes ditisque profundi Pallida regna petunt regit idem spiritus artus Orbe alio Longae canitis si cognita vitae Mors media est certe populi quos despicit arctos Foelices errore suo quos ille timorum Maximus haud vrget leti metus inde ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris animaeque capaces Mortis ignuum est redituirae parcere vitae Thus we see as in a glasse the state of religion for a tyme after the first inhabitacion of this Islande but howe long it continued in such soundnesse as the originall authors left it in good sooth I caÌ„ not say yet this is most certaine that after a time when Albion arriued here the religion earst imbraced fell into great decaye for wheras Iaphet and Samothes with their childreÌ„ taught nothing else then such doctrine as they had learned of Noah so Cham the great grandfather of this our Albion and his disciples vtterly renouncing to followe their steps gaue their mindes wholly to seduce and leade their hearers hedlong vnto all error Wherby his posteritie not only corrupted this our Islande with most filthie trades and practises but also all mankinde generally where they became with vicious life and most vngodly behauiour For from Cham and his successours procéeded at the first all sorcery witchcraft what doctrine ChaÌ„ and his disciples taught and the execution of vnlawfull
lawes were but sithence the Pictes fought in an vniust quarell as to defraude the posteritie of theyr lawfull king Hungus who lately reigned amongst theÌ„ of the rightfull inheritaunce of theyr kingdome they themselues had iust cause to doubt fortunes chaunce where the Scots hauing put vpoÌ„ lawful armure and seeking to attaine that by warre whiche by other meanes they could not attayne at the handes of the vniust possessors they had lesse cause to mistrust hyr fauour and therefore if the Pictes were desirous of peace they ought to cause a surrender to be made of theyr kingdome into his handes accordingly as they well knewe it was reason they shoulde and what commoditie might thereof ensue to both nations being by suche meanes once ioyned vnited into one entier kingdome â–ª hee doubted not but they vnderstoode it sufficiently enough And as for other conditions of peace than this he told them plainely there would be none accepted Thus did the kings depart in sunder without any agreement concluded and being returned to theyr armies they make ready to trie the mater by dinte of swoorde Kenneth exhorted his people that day to shew themselues menne sithe the same shoulde iudge whether the Scottes shoulde rule and gouerne the Pictes or the Pictes the Scottes The order of the battaile Wyth these and many other effectual words when he hadde encouraged his folkes to the battayle hee deuided them into three wardes as two wings and a mayne battayle In euery of them he set fyrst archers arkbalesters and next vnto them pykes or speares then bill men and other with suche shorte weapons last of all an other multitude with all kynde of weapons as was thought moste expedient The forewarde was committed to the leading of one Baâ—… a man right skilfull in al warlyke knowledge The seconde one Dongal gouerned and the thirde was ledde by Donald the kings brother The king himselfe with a troupe of horsemen followed them to succour in all places where he saw neede The women that were amongest the Pictes of whome there was no small number specially in the right wing The women were caâ—…umber to the pictes made suche a woeful noyse when they behelde the men one kill an other that they were a more encumber to the Picts thaÌ„ ayd when it came to the poynt of seruice by reason wherof that wing was shortly beaten downe and put to flight Kenneth with the horsmen disordred the pictes aray Whiche when Kenneth behelde hee sette in with his horsemen on the backes of the Pictes now left bare by the running thus away of those in the foresayd wing and so entring in amongst them disordred their aray in suche wise that by no meanes they were able to ayde themselues or come into any order agayne The right wing of the pictes is put to flighte so that in the ende they were fayne to throw down their weapons and take them to their feete thereby to escape the daunger Suche heapes of slayne men armure weapons lay here strewed in the place of the battail that the Scottes were inforced in followyng the chase to breake their araye so to passe the more speedily by meanes wherof fallyng amongest wholle bandes of the Pictes manye of them were slayne This mischiefe Kenneth perceyuing Kenneth causeth the retreate to bee sounded coÌ„mandeth to sound the retreat so gathering his people about their standerdes he appointed certaine coÌ„panies in warlyke order to pursue in chase of the enemies whilest he himselfe with the residue aboade still in the place where the fielde was fought al that day the night nexte folowing The Scottishe captaines that were sente to followe the chase earnestly in executyng theyr kinges commaundement made greate slaughter of the Pictes in all places where they might ouertake them Druskene the Pictishe king himselfe beeyng pursued to the riuer of Tay The king of the picts slain for that he could not passe the same was there slaine with the whole retinue which he had about him It is sayde that the Scottishemen encountred with the Picts that day seuen sundry times and in seuen sundry places and still the victorie aboade with the Scottes The day after the battaile suche as had followed in the chase returned to the camp where they presented vnto Kenneth their king the armure and other spoyle of Druskene the Pictish king which they brought with the besides great abâ—â—dance of other pillage and riches whiche they had got of the enemies that were slayne Draskones armure and other things belonging to his owne bodie was offered vp to S. Colme in the Churche dedicated to his name within the Isle of Colmekill there to remaine as a monumeÌ„t of this victory to such as should come after After thâ—… the whole pray and spoyle was gathered and deuided amongst the souldiers Kenneth was counselled to haue discharged his armie and to haue departed home but he purposing now to make an ende of the whole warres sithe he was in suche a forwardnesse called togither the multitude and in this wise began to vtter vnto them his minde and purpose As oration of king KeÌ„neth It is the duetie of a good Captayne when he hath the victory in his handes and as yet the warres not ended if he minde the preseruation of himselfe and his countrey and to vse the victorie as hee ought not to ceasse from pursuing the enimies once vanquished till hee haue eyther made them his frendes or else vtterly destroyed and ridde them out of the way for if any man shall thinke it beste to suffer the enimie to remayne in quiet after he be once weakened and brought to a lowe ebbe till time peraduenture he shall haue recouered his forces agayne he shall procure to himselfe as I gesse more daunger than happely hee is well ware of And that we may speake somewhat of this daunger now present the state of the Pictishe kingdome as yee know is sore enfeebled theyr power being diminished by force of warre is brought to that poynt that it resteth in our handes vtterly to destroy and exterminate the whole nation Whiche act ought to be abhorred if it were possible for vs by any meanes to drawe them our honour saued vnto our frendshippe But the Picts are of such a stubborne nature and so desirous of reuenge that so long as there remayneth any one of them aliue they will beare in theyr hartes a desire to reuenge all suche losses as they haue in any wyse sustayned by this warre Wherevpon I doo verily beleeue that there is none of the Pictishe nation from hence foorth will beare any faythfull frendship towardes the Scottes Therefore sithe wee can not make the Pictes thus lately skourged by vs our frendes I thinke it beste excepte wee will neglect our owne safeties vtterly to destroy the whole nation by putting to the swoorde not onely bothe men and women but also all theyr youth and yong chyldren least they deyng discended of that
lynage hereafter in time to come arme thēselues to the reuenge of theyr parentes deaths and that not without perill of the vtter losse of our countrey and kingdome This sentence of the king The commons allowe the kings saying though it seemed ouer cruell to many yet whether for that they sawe the same to stande with the kings pleasure or that they thought it moste expedient for the suretie of the Scottishe common wealth it was allowed and ratified by them all Such crueltie herevpō was forthwith shewed through one all the Pictish regions A cruel acte committed by the Scots vpon the Pictes that there was not one liuing creature of humane shape left aliue killing such as saued themselues within the walles of Camelon or in certaine other holdes and fortresses and also aboute twoo thousande of those that fledde into Englande for all the residue were moste vnmercyfully murthered and slayne without respect eyther to age sexe profession or estate Thus Kenneth hauing dispatched the inhabitunes seased the coūtrey into his owne hands Pictland parted vnto diuers men making particion of the same as he sawe cause and deuiding it amongst his nobles accordyng to the merites of euery of them duely wayed and considered he added newe names also vnto euery quarter and region eyther after the name of the gouernour or els of some promontorie riuer or other notable water or place accordyng as was the auncient custome of the nation that the memory of the Pictishe names might ende togither with the inhabitants The countrey aunciently called Horestia Newe names are giuen vnto euery region was giuen vnto twoo bretherne Angusian and Mernan by reason whereof the one parte of the same countrey was called Angus Angus Merne and the other the Mernes The linage of those two noble men remayne vnto this day The region whiche till then was named Otholinia was turned afterwardes to the name of Fyfe after the name of one Fyfe Dusse whose valiancie was throughly tried in these laste warres with the Pictes There remayne vnto this day tokens and old ruines of a Castell situate betwixt the riuer of Leuine and Saint Kenneths churche which as yet appeareth was fensed about with seuen rampers and as many diches wherein the posteritie of this woorthy man after his deceasse had theyr habitacion by the space of many hundred yeares Louthian reteyned still the former name Louthian so honorable was the remembraunce of that famous Prince king Loth amongst all men The strongest castle of the whole countrey Kenneth bestowed vpon that valiant Captaine named Bat A rewarde giuen vnto Ba◅ which was the fortresse of Dunbar whose councell and forewarde seruice stood the Scottes in no small fleede in those warres in whiche the Pictes were thus subdued That fortresse euer sithence after his name hath bene called Dunbar that is to say the Castell of Bar. There descended of hym a noble house or family bearyng the name of this Castell The famelie of Dunbar continuing in greate fame and honour euen vnto our tyme of the whiche the Earles of Marche had theyr beginning and continued long in that dignitie from one to an other with diuers branches of right famous memorie The changyng of the names of the Dales The names of diuers dales were also chaunged and some kepte the olde names still ▪ Ordolucia shortely after beganne to take the name of Annandale Annandale of the ryuer of Annan that renneth through the same Tweedale And so lykewise Tweedale tooke name of the water of Tweede Cludesdale And Cludesdale of the ryuer of Clud In lyke maner many other Countreys Townes and Castels had theyr names chaunged at the same tyme after they came into the possession of the Scottishmenne vpon sundrie considerations for a witnesse of theyr victorious actes atchieued agaynst the Pictes The Gentlewomen are preserued in Camelon Furthermore into the citie of Camelon were withdrawen the moste parte of all the noble mens wiues of the Picts with their chyldren vpō truste to be safe in the same aswell by reason of the strength of the place as also of the strong garyson whiche was appoynted to defende it Kenneth sendeth vnto Camelon commaunding thē for to yeelde Kenneth therefore hauyng taken his pleasure abroade in the countrey came thyther with a mighty armie to besiege the Citie and firste sendyng vnto them within to knowe if they woulde yeelde he was aunswered howe sithe it plainely appeared that the Scottes coulde be satisfied with nothing but with the slaughter of all suche as fell into theyr handes aswell of women and chyldren with impotent age as of other they were minded neuer to surrender theyr holde with lyfe Wherevpon the siege continued by the space of many dayes They of Camelon require truce for three dayes Whylest the Scottes in the meane tyme gotte togither greate number of faggottes and other suche brushe and stuffe to fill the ditches withall whiche were very deepe and broade at length when they within beganne to want vitayles they requyred a truce for three dayes in the whiche meane time they might take aduise for the surrender of the Citie Kenneth mistrusting no deceyt graunted theyr request and therevpon commaunded his people to ceasse from all maner of annoyance of the enimies for that terme The Pictes issue vpon the Scottes with great fortune But in the meane tyme the Pictes prepared themselues of all things necessary to make an issue vpon the Scottes There was also an olde gate forlet and stopped vp with earth and stones vpon the one side of the Citie so that of a long tyme before there had bene no way foorth by the same wherefore in the darke of the night the Pictes ridding away the earth and ◅a◅nall wherwith it was closed vp aboute the thyrd wa◅he they passe foorth at that gate in good order of battayle setting firste vpon suche Scottes as kepte the standyng watche who were in doubte of nothing lesse than of any issue to be made on that side by meanes whereof they were easily oppressed and likewise the other that kepte the inner watche in so muche that the slaughter went on almoste euen to the kings tent with greate noyse and clamour as is commonly seene in suche sodayne tumultes especially chancyng in the night season When the day began once to appeare the Pictes withdrawyng towardes the Citie by the same way they came were pursuade by the Scottes and no small number of them slayne at the entring The Citie also had bene taken at the same time but that the Pictes out of the turrettes and loupes of the walles discharged a wonderfull number of quarelles dartes arrowes stones and other things vppon the Scottes as they approched neare to the gate where theyr fellowes that made the issue hasted to enter againe into the towne There were slayne of the Scottes at this bickeryng aboue sixe hundred An extreeme vowe made by king Kenneth wherewith Kenneth