him die contracted such griefe for his death that she threw herselfe into the grave with her husband where she died and lay with him This wish I hope cannot be taken in ill part by the vertuous Ladies that are like Cornelia but I feare there is none such at all To conclude then this point of my observation in my judgment no women are more faithfull more chast more loving more obedient nor more devout then Souldiers wives as daily experience doth witnesse and none have more reason to be so then some of them whose husbands doe daily undergoe all dangers of body for their sakes not fearing death it selfe to â—elieve and keepe them from dangers To th' end you may see that the noble parts and vertues before mentioned are not proper alone unto the Feminine sex I will here inferre some notable examples of the good will love and faithfullnesse of husbands to their wives especially Souldiers whereof amongst many for the present I will to content the Reader mention two or three that are notable whereof one happened at this time in our warfare worthy to be recorded of that noble valorous pious and worthy Cavalier the Felt-marshall Gustave Horne the Peste having entred his lodging and taken away two of his Children seazed on his vertuous Lady daughter to the Chancellor of Sweden the Cavaliers love was so great that in the extremity of her sicknesse he never suffered her to be out of his armes till she died and then caused her to be put in a Silver Coffin that she might be transported for her country to be buried amongst her friends and his love was so great unto her that after her death though a young man he could never be moved to leade his life with any other woman Another example we reade in the story written by Pliâ—ie Valerius Maximus that is very notable to this purpose Sempronius Gracchus finding two serpents coming out of his bed enquired of Theologues what might that accident presage they answered that if he killed the she serpent his wife should die and if he killed the he serpent he should die himselfe he loved his wife Cornelia so dearely that he commanded to kill the he serpent and shortly after he himselfe died Also that which we reade of Meleager sonne to Danneus is notable who would not rise out of his chaire for the reliefe of the Towne he was in for his father mother brethren or sisters all crying and calling for his helpe who nothing cared for their ruine but how soone Cleopatra his wife came to him desiring his helpe and telling him the enemy was alreadie entred the Towne and was setting the houses on fire this stony-hearted man who before could be moved by nothing at the desire of his wife went to Armes against the enemy and repulsing them backe saved the Towne from wracke and ruine and the Citizens from death for this Meleager as all honest men ought to doe esteemed his wife and himselfe but one so that he could deny her nothing Here it may be some will alleage he was Iohn Thomsons man I answer it was all one if shee was good for all stories esteeme them happie that can live together man and wife without contention strife or jarres and so doe I. And in my opinion no wife can be ill that wants the gall for the gall in the body is the seate of choler from which the love of man and wife should be free and as of gall so of despite of anger and of bitternesse The eight Dutie discharged of our March to Francford on the Oder and the intaking of it the third of Aprill 1631. THE twenty-fourth of March 1631. his Majestie having disposed of his Armie in putting them in good Order of Briggaddes horse and foote through he severall occasions and accidents happening in warre his Majestie before his march finding the enemy lay strong in the Silesian and at Lansberg lest he might fall downe unto Pomeren and Marke to disturbe the new forces that were expected to come from Spruce and from Scotland his Majestie directed Feltmarshall Horne with a part of his Horse that crost the bridge at Swede unto Pomeren and the Wart to collect the forces there for to be fured and led towards the Wart and Lansberg to give the enemy somewhat to thinke on while as his Majestie might march with the rest of the Armie consisting then of ten thousand foote and horse towards Francford where under the command of the Feltmarshall Tuffenback and the Grave Fon-Schonberg Governour of Francford on the Oder there were drawne together of the Emperialists neere nine thousand foote and horse Generall Tilly with this maine Armie then lying at Rapin after his returne from Brandenburg with two and twentie thousand foote and horse his Majestie then not being sure neither of his brother in law the Duke of Brandenburg nor yet of the Duke of Saxon though the League was ended with the King of France his Majesties affaires thus standing doubtfull we marched towards Francford with a resolution to prie into the enemies designes more than any wayes resolved for a beleaguering having such strong enemies and Armies about us without assurance of our pretended friends and confederates yet having continued our march till within a mile of Francford our enemies retiring out of all quarters were come into one body at Francford who having joyned we did heare the enemy was almost as strong within as we were without and he having of us the advantage of the Towne behinde him for his retreate we expected no other thing than that the enemy should come out and offer us Battell Wherefore his Majestie himselfe discharging the dutie of a Generall Major as became him well having sought the ayd and assistance of Sir Iohn Hepburne beginneth to put the Armie horse foote and Artillery in order of Battell the commanded Musketiers as his forlorne hope advanced before the Army having placed plottons of them by fifties to march with his squadrons of horse all being in even front the signe given for advancing Trumpets sounding Drummes beating Colours displayed advanced and flying every Commander directed and appointed on his Command and Station the magnifick and Royall King leads on this Royall Army marching in battell order for halfe a mile as comely as one body could doe with one pace and one measure advancing stopping moving and standing alike till at last coming neere the Towne and finding no Hostile Ranconter made by the enemy we hault standing a while in Battell and then resolved being the enemy durst not meet us in the fields we would presse on the sudden to be Masters of Francford or not at all knowing of the neerenesse of our enemies and of the great strength they had together and seeing we were not sure of the Princes we resolved the taking of time was the best for us and incontinent his Majestie commanded out the most part of his Cavalerie to make a Carracolle behinde us betwixt us and
we did this day rejoyces in the calme when it comes and he is said to merit the Crowne that hath fought valiantly It is also very necessary that at such service as this was if we have time that we be carefull to bring off our Camerades bodies killed on service that died honourably before their enemies to be laid in the bed of honour in burying their bodies as becomes Christians We are also tied in duety to our Camerades that were with us in danger if either they be wounded or mutilated to care for their safeties so far as lieth in our power And we must not preferre the safety of our owne bodies to the publique weale of our Camerades and countrimen dead or living but we ought with the hazard of our owne lives to bring off the dead and hurt An example of this duety we have in the person of the President of Chassangue treating of the Iewes law that did command that the bodies of their dead enemies should not lie unburied Caesar caused to be buried the head of his enemy Pompey and wept at his death as Valerius Maximus reports in his fift booke and sixt Chapter Hercules is thought to have bin the first that ordained to bury the bodies of those killed on service and David calls them blessed that were so thankefull as to have buried Saul Indas Macchabie did cause to bury the bodies of the enemy killed in battaile and Alexander restored unto the mother of Darius the dead bodie of her sonne Hanniball did burie the body of his enemy Marcellus as Valerius affirmes It is also expedient for the common-weale that the bodies of the dead be buried and Leonard Darez reports that Cyrus Alexander and Caesar did recommend their funeralls to their friends as Lievetenant Rosse did his to his Captaine and me which we performed in the best manner we could for the time If Pagans had such regard to their burialls Christians should be more carefull whose bodies sometimes were the receptacles of the holy Spirit and of the immortall soule created to Gods owne Image Here also I would report the commandement that we reade in the second chapter verse 23. of the fourth booke of Esdras Where thou findest the dead put them in the grave with a certaine marke and I will give thee the first seate in my resurrection and the wise Ancients said men should looke unto the end My exhortation then is to all my worthy countrimen and women that were interessed in our losses in this dayes service to consider that when these gentlemen and Cavaliers were borne that they were marked and ordained to die honourably fighting in the good cause and for the liberty of our Kings daughter the Queene of Bohemia and her distressed Royall Issue under the magnanimous King of Denmarke our Master who for her Majesties libertie did hazard not onely his life but his crowne let them then that are interessed as said is in this our losse consider againe that they died with great honour and reputation seeing they live eternally in their fame having laid downe their lives as servants of the publique if not for their country yet at least as cannot be denied for the liberty of their Kings Royall Issue It then became them well to have died standing Therefore those mothers friends or Sisters are to be condemned that mourne for them that live after their death in their fame and though their griefe be great let them shed no teares for feare it become of them as became of that Ancient woman called Vicia mother to Futius Geminus who was killed at Rome for having wept at the death of her sonne that had lost his life in the publique service as reporteth Tacitus in his 6 booke of his Annals and our Saviour in the Evangelist Saint Luke doth forbid the widdow to weepe for her sonne that was dead and St. Paul writing to the Thessalonians saith Brethren I would not have you ignorant of the estate of those that are asleepe to the end you do not over-mourne as those do that are without hope Therefore let us forbeare all teares for those departed and if we should mourne let us mourne with teares even those most pretious teares for sinne these are the Christian teares that should be shed from our hearts to reconcile us unto God those teares are as the bloud of the soule hurt and wounded with the sense and feeling of our sinnes before God these are the teares that drawe Gods mercy upon us as David cried unto God in the 36 Psalme Thou hast counted my wanderings and put my teares in thy bottle are they not in thy Register Therefore though we be grieved at the losse of our friends and at the losse of the day Yet ô God make us thankfull unto thee for our deliverance that we may rejoyce at our owne safety The seventh Dutie discharged of our Retreat from Owldenburg unto Assens in Denmarke by Sea HAving thus past the day at Owldenburg the night the friend of Cowards coming on what we durst not have done by day being favoured by the mooneshine when all were wearied with hot service and toyle in the day begun to take rest and refreshment by their fires in the Leager all Guards relieved and centries set out being all of us after a great storme in a quiet calme we begin to take our retreat to the water our Generall being full of feare and suspition goes before and our Colonell also we follow having the avant-Guard according to our Orders for going a ship-board which orders were willingly obeyed perceiving the danger was to follow and in consideration that long before the Lievetenant Colonell Sr. Patrick Mac-Gey and Captaine Forbesse being hurt had retired for their safeties towards the Isle of Feamor and from thence to Denmark to be cured I supplying the place of the Major our Regiment orderly retiring from the enemy Captaine Mac-Kenyee and my brother Obstell who before were companions in the day of danger in the night did march together leading off the Regiment to be secured and I bringing up the Reare accompanied with some other Officers we had no doubt of our safe retreate the whole army being behind us made us halte the oftner taking paines to bring up our hurt and sicke men we marched but softly Py a Pyano at last by ten a clocke of the night we arrived on the shore and drew up in battell attending the Colonells command for shipping who had gone himselfe unto the Roade amongst the ships to provide shipping but could get no obedience the feare was so great amongst the marriners having heard the roaring and thundring of cannon and muskets in the day feare so possest them all that they lacked hands to worke and hearts to obey and the Colonell coming a shore without bringing of ships to receive us we made use of the time our Camerades the horsemen having come before us who ever begin confusion were without orders forcing ships to take in their horses and
night the enemy might enter the walles being thus doubtfull on both sides the enemy sends a Trumpeter to know if they will treate for conditions our Lievetenant Colonell having the command for the time in Colonell Holke his absence I thinke was glad of the offer to prolong time till his Majesty of Denmark might send a fresh supply Pledges delivered hinc inde a still-stand or cessation of Armes was concluded on by both parties for a fortnights time then Articles were drawne up to be advised on which continued in advising certaine dayes in the end the treaty being almost agreed on to the subscription orders come to our Lievetenant Colonell to dissolve the treaty seeing his Majesty of Denmark had folke in readinesse to come in all haste with Colonell Holke for their reliefe Whereupon my Lord Spynie a Scots Noble man with his Regiment with sufficient provision of money and Amunition were sent unto the Towne and being entred the treaty was rejected and made voide At this time also Sr. Alexander Lesly an expert and a valorous Scots Commander with some Swedens forces was sent to governe the Towne his Majesty of Sweden having condescended with his Majesty of Denmark that his Majesty of Denmark should dismisse the protection of Trailesound in favour of his Majesty of Sweden and to that effect the Danes forces should be drawne out of the Garrison for to give place to the Swedens in the meane time the command was turned over upon Sr. Alexander Lesly whom Colonell Holke did assist with the Danes forces till they were removed the absolute command being given to Sr. Alexander Lesly as Governour for his Majesty of Sweden In time of the still-stand I tooke a foare losse under my Lievetenant Colonell his hand seale to goe by Sea to Copmanhagen to be cured there seeing no Chirurgian in Trailesound would undertake to cut the bullet out of my knee without hazarding me to be same which to prevent I choosed rather though with infinite paine to keepe the bullet a fortnight till I came to Copmanhagen where happily I found better cure The eighteenth Observation TWo things we must respect so long as we live our inward integrity and our outward uprightnesse our piety towards God and our reputation amongst men the one makes our life famous the other our death happy so both together bring credit to the name and felicity to the soule Then whensoever our breath is made but aire we shall be blessed leaving a sweete odour behinde us and men will regrate our losse as at this time they did our hurt He whom before I was wont to obey and visite came now and visited me I not being able to stirre my Lievetenant Colonell came to comfort me having neede to be comforted himselfe by good advise how to defend the workes the second night a generall feare having possessed the hearts both of Burgers and Souldiers and I to encourage him did tell him a story of Augustus the Emperour who being neere death commanded that after his decease all his friends should clap their hands and laugh unfainedly as the custome was when a Comedy was well acted even so said I though I was sorry at our losse yet I was glad for being hurt when I looked to be kill'd and having acted my part of the play for that time and retired off the Stage all I could doe was but to minde my Camerads of their duties In the meane time the Enemies cannon having shot foure great bullets of a hundred and sixty pound weight out of morters through the top of my lodging even to the bottome where I did lie affrighting me still when my feete were not able to shift away my body yet recommending my soule to God I resolved he was well guarded whom the Lord had a care of and having delivered me from many dangers I still confided he would not suffer me to be smother'd under walles For which and all his blessings I doe infinitly thanke his Majesty in giveing me time to doe any thing that may please his Majesty for my deliverance To make my Lievetenant Colonell laugh I did tell him a story of a vision that was seene by a Souldier of the Colonells company that morning before the enemy did storme being a predictive dreame and a true One Murdo Mac-claude borne in Assen a Souldier of a tall stature and valiant courage being sleeping on his watch awakened by the breake of day and jogges two of his Camerades lying by him who did finde much fault with him for sturring of them he replied before long you shall be otherwise sturred a Souldier called Allen Tough a Loghaber-man recommending his soule to God asked him what he had seene who answered him you shall never see your country againe the other replyed the losse was but small if the rest of the company were well he answered no for there was great hurt and death of many very neere the other asked againe whom had he seene more that would dye besides him sundry of his Camerades he tould by name that should be killed the other asked what would become of himselfe he answered he would be killed with the rest in effect he describeth the whole Officers by their cloathes that should be hurt a pretty quicke boy neere by asked him what would become of the Major meaning me he answered he would be shot but not deadly and that the boy should be next unto me when I were hurt as he was This discourse ended I wished my Lievetenant Colonell to set all care aside and to looke to himselfe and to the credit of his Nation in maintaining of the place till the reliefe should come and so we parted Here I did observe that no city be it never so strong or so well beset nor no Armour be it of what proofe it will is able to encourage a fearefull heart as in this City and at this time were many of the Burgars Souldiers strangers Officers of women and children who were tormented by the feare of death and of their meanes whose feare was generally so great that they were bereft both of wisdome and courage as people given over so that their feare in some sort did frustrate their lawfull defences the like I did never see neither wish to see againe for the enemy could not though victorious put them in a worse habit nor make them seeme more miserable than I did see them at this time making themselves unfit to resist their enemies and they were all of them in mine eyes like to the sword-fish having weapons but they wanted hearts they had quaking hands without use and in a word if the enemy had seene them as I did he would rather pitty them as cowards then kill them like gallants Notwithstanding of this feare which possessed the burgars and those Souldiers that had not beene on occasion yet our Nation that are ever most couragious in greatest extremity failed nothing of their woâ—ted valour but having once retired to the Ravelin
much on the wisedome discretion and valour of Generall Major Kniphowsen as that of himselfe he was sufficiently able to make an honourable Accord when better could not be And in the meane time to divert the enemy from him his Majestie did make a Carracole with the halfe of his Army towards Swede on the River of the Oder where he built a ship-bridge over the River and caused to fortifie it with Skonces that in his option he might come and goe on both sides of the River till Feltmarshall Horne might joyne with him Generall Tilly hearing the King was marched and fearing some great designe he pressed Brandenburg so much the harder with continuall shooting of Cannon till a Breach was made and then out of time Kniphowsen did send his Lievetenant Colonell with a Drummer to the breach to desire a Parle but being neglected by the enemy as too late The Parle refused Lievetenant Colonell was killed the enemy having given Orders for a generall storme which going on Lievetenant Colonell Lindesey and Captaine Moncreiffe were both killed and Lievetenant Keith and Ensigne Haddon were also cut downe in the fury with many a brave Souldier besides who being denied Quarters fought valiantly to the last man The other Scots Officers of the Regiment being within the Towne as Captaine Ennis Captaine Gunne Captaine Beaton and Captaine Lermond with their Officers and Souldiers were for the most part taken prisoners with Lievetenant Lyell and some other inferiour Officers Captaine Ennis being on another Poast without the Port which was not stormed at all the enemy having entred on the other side of the Towne where in the fury they did put the most part to the sword and coming through the Towne Port upon Ennis his Poast behinde him he and Lievetenant Lumsdell did leape into the Graffe and saved themselves through a marrish from the fury of their enemies and came to us to Freedland Brandenburg thus taken in a partie was sent towards Trepto where Sinclaire did command getting orders to take it in also But Sinclaire did behave himselfe valiantly in falling out upon the enemy who retired againe without great hurt and maintained the Towne for two nights till he had received Orders from the Feltmarshall to quit it in the night And after that he did joyne with us at Freedland The Feltmarshall knowing that Brandenburg being taken the enemies Forces would march upon him and he having Orders and instructions in writing from his Majestie he retired with his Army over the passe towards Aucklam the enemy advanced to Freedland finding us to be gone they retired in hafte backe to Brandenburg and from thence they march backe againe to Rapine suspecting his Majestie had marched before them towards Magdeburg Tillies Army being marched we retired to Freedland from whence Ensigne Greame with some Dragoniers was sent to Brandenburg to take Order for the hurt and sicke whom Generall Tilly had left behinde him which were plondered and some others killed by the Ensigne and his Souldiers who had also runne the same hazard by the enemy his Crabatts had they not retired in time after whose returne my Musketiers being come from Malchene we were readie to march The sixth Observation THE crueltie and inhumanitie used here by Tillies Armie giving so ill quarters to our Nation to Burgers and to those that served at the Altar was not long unpunished at such places as they least expected And Generall Major Kniphowsen was not voide of blame for refusing a Treatie in due time seeing he had no certaintie of reliefe and being lâ—ft to capitulate with the enemy at his owne discretion by his instructions he had from his Majestie he ought to have embraced the opportunitie of time which once past is not to be recovered in capitulating with the enemy for honourable Quarters rather than to have brought himselfe and others to the slaughter for he who delayes to embrace time when it is offered must not presse to recover it and oft-times good occasions in warfare are lost when Commanders are ignorant of their enemies doings Therefore while time is we ought to be diligent and carefull for it is better to be in safetie through preventing than basely to suffer under our enemies occasion being past which oft-times in warres helpes more than vertue it selfe for if Kniphowsen had embraced Tillies offer when he might our worthy Camerades had not suffered as they did which sufferance after that made Cavaliers bâ—ing freed out of prison to seeke Conditions else-where for their advâ—ncements such as Captaine Ennis being first made Major to Colonell Monro of Obstell was afterward Lievetenant Colonell to the Master of Forbesse after the death of that worthy Cavalier Sir Arthur Forbesse Likewise Captaine William Gunne being comâ— out of prison was after advanced by Sir Patrick Ruthven Generall Major and Governour of Olme to be his Lievetenant Colonell over the Dutch in Schwabeland Captaine Beaton was made Major and afterward Lievetenant Colonell to young Colonell Skeutte Captaine Lermond also was advanced to be Captaine of Dragoniers and Iames Lyel hâ—ving served long under Sir Iohn Ruthven his Regiment the Regiment reduced and the Captaine leavying againe for the French service was pittifully murthered by knaves in Westphalia Henry Lindesey advanced to be Captaine of his Majesties Leeffe Regiment under Grave Neles after for reward of his vertue and valour was preferred to be Lievetenant Colonell to Colonell Alexander Lesly the younger Captaine Brumfield was made Major to Colonell Gunne and after that Regiment was reduced being under Sir Iohn Ruthven was pittifully hurt in Combate and then resolutely died of his wounds at Bucksteehood being much lamented by all that knew him for as valourous and expert an Officer as any of his qualitie was under our Armie so that we see here that though the Regiment suffered great losse at Brandenburg neverthelesse the valiant Officers were advanced according to their former good carriage Likewise I cannot with silence here passe by the valourous carriage of Major Iohn Sinclaire at Trepto in making a faire shew of a bad game while as the enemy came before Trepto with a partie of a thousand Musketiers he not having a hundred Musketiers within the Towne in all neverthelesse fell out with fiftie amongst a thousand and skirmished bravely and orderly with the enemy and retired againe with credit making the enemy thinke that he was a great deale stronger within walles I confesse as it was well ventured so the Cavalier was beholden to Fortune in coming so safely backe But I will not advise my friend to make use of the like for if the enemy had haply got a prisoner of his who could have shewed his true strength that might have caused the losse of all But the Cavalier did hazard faire to gaine credit for as he was valourous in Conduct and amongst others even so being singled out he feared no man as you shall see in the subsequent observations before we end our march Here also I
did observe the difference betwixt the King our Master and old Tilly where I did see his Majesty though younger out-shoote the elder in experience who by winning of a Dorpe which was afterwards slighted with the losse of two thousand men over and above the toyle sustained by his Army and the losse of some cannon he lost Francford on the Oder where three thousand were put to the sword in requitall of his cruelty used at Brandenburg The seventh Dutie discharged of our march to Swede and of our reformation there being made into Briggades TIllies Army being marched backe to Rapine the Felt-marshall with his Army did breake up from Freedland with Horse Foote and Artillery towards Swede to joyne with his Majesty continuing our march for three dayes to the passe at Lecknetts where we rested two dayes sundry Officers having taken Forloffes of his Excellence to goe unto Statine to provide themselves of cloaths and necessaries expecting for a long march where I went also to see my wife and Family and having stayed but one night our march continued so farre in prosecuting our victories that the enemy coming betwixt me and home I was not suffered in three yeares time to returne so long as his Majesty lived which was much to my prejudice Being arrived at Swede on the Oder and joyned with his Majesties Army after our coming being drawne out to the fields we were made into Briggades both horse and foote where Sr. Iohn Hepburne being made Colonell of the Briggad his Regiment Colonell Lumsdells Stargates and ours made up the Briggad where Lumsdell I had the Battaile Colonell Hepburne his Regiment made up the right wing and Colonell Stargates the left which on our march was changed by turnes and thereafter was still called the Scots Briggad commanded by Hepburne Sundry other Briggads were made up as the yellow or leeffe Briggad commanded by the Baron Tyvell the blew Briggad commanded by Colonell Winckle and the white Briggad called Dametts where having lien some few dayes we were preparing for our march towards Francford on the Oder The seventh Observation GEnerall Tilly was no sooner marched with his Army but incontinent the Felt-marshall did follow his example to joyne with his Majesty Where we may see that these two wise Generalls did soare in the skies with their Armies casting boards like warre ships to get advantage one of another We see here that Cavaliers though tied by Gods ordinance to live with their wives being once severed and tied to serve they cannot with credit quit their charge to come to their wives The King himselfe being once engaged in the Dutch warres was deprived for two yeares from the sweete society of his Queene which should teach women and men of meaner quality after their examples to be patient in absence for more love was never betwixt two than was betwixt his Majesty and his Queene no love could goe beyond their love each to others except the love of Christ God and man towards man For the love of this Queene to her husband the King did equall the love of the wife of Hieron whom we read of in Plutarch his Apophthegmes for her rare continence and respect carried to her husband shee never felt the breath of anothers kisse but her husbands Which in my opinion this Queene of Sweden could well for her love to her husband have done if it were possible as is reported by Plinius of Arria wife to Cecinna Paetus who being condemned to die with liberty to choose the forme of his death his wife going to visit him did exhort him to die valiantly with great courage and taking good night of her husband she strucke herselfe with a knife in the body and drawing out the knife againe presented it to Paetus her husband with these words Vulnus quod feci Paete non doleâ— sed quod tu facies as one would say the wound I gave my selfe hurts me not but the wound which you shall give grieves me We read also of Portia Cato his daughter and wife to Brutus who hearing of her husbands death in despight of all that were about her filled her mouth with hot burning coales and was suffocated for griefe We reade also a memorable story of the wives of the Menyans recorded by Plutarch in his fourth booke of Illustrious women their husbands being in prison and condemned to death for having enterprized against the King of Sparta the Lacedemonian custome being to execute their malefactors in the night these noble women under pretence to speake with their husbands being appointed to die got license of the Guards to goe within the prison and having put themselves in place of their husbands whom they made to put on their Gownes taught them to cover their faces with vailes as being extreamely sorry carrying their heads downward they escaped out of their hands Having inferred this discourse on a Queene yet wife to the best Souldier in our dayes lest Souldiers wives should be worse thought of than others having seene more love more indurance better obedience and by appearance more chastity in them to their husbands than ever I did see in any other profession I will here yet inferre a rare example of a Souldiers wife to encourage others to follow and imitate her vertues The story we reade written by Barnard Scardeon in his third booke of Padua that Blanch Rubea of Padua being retired with her Baptist de la Porte within the fortresse of Bassean pertaining to the Venetians Accâ—olen baâ—â—shed out of Padua with all his forces assailed the said place being valorously defended it was impossible to get it but by Treason Baptist not losing courage though surprised running unto the Port with his Armes in his hand but suppressed by the multitude of his enemies having gotten entry he was killed by the hand of Acciolen his wife Blanch did fight valiantly in the conflict being armed with steele and with courage farre beyond her sex The enemy being victorious she was taken perforce and brought before the Tyrant who being ravished with her beauty at first making much of her then desireth to ravish and bereave her of her honour shee defending her selfe by words and prayers of entreaty escaped his hands and finding the window open skips downe where she was found â—ore hurt and halfe dead but by the diligence of good Chirurgians she was made whole as before and was solicited by the Tyrant againe which she refusing to yeeld unto being bound was forced by the Tyrant shee keeping her griefe within herselfe gets liberty to goe see the dead body of her husband Baptist and pretending to doe some ceremonies about his Corps and having opened the Grave she crying streached herselfe in the Grave and violently with her hands pulls the stone that covered the grave over her and her head being bruised she died presently above her husband in the yeare 1253. The Ancient Germans did marry their wives on the condition they should be their companions in travells
patience till once they were done that he might see his Souldiers secured and guarded from their enemies for when he was weakest he digged most in the ground for in one yeare what at Swede Francford Landsberg Brandenburg Verbâ—m Tannermonde Wittenberg and Wirtzburg he caused his Souldiers to worke more for nothing than the States of Holland could get wrought in three yeares though they should bestow every yeare a Tunne of gold and this he did not onely to secure his Souldiers from the enemy but also to keepe them from idlenesse When they were not employed on service they were kept by good discipline in awe and obedience and that with as great moderation love and discretion as could be And his Majestie knew well that our Nation was of that nature that they could take to heart the austere carriage of their Commanders were they never so good For while as sometimes through his Majesties impatiencie he would cause to imprison some of our Country-men without solicitation his Majestie was ever the first did minde their liberties for he knew their stomacks were so great that they would burst or starve in prison before they would acknowledge an errour committed against their Master except it were of negligence Moreover nothing can more discourage a Citie Fort or Strength that is beleaguered than when they see their secrets discovered and their passages from reliefe cut off as it was seene of those that yeelded up the Skonce to Sir Iohn Hepburne being contented to come in the Colonells mercy seeing themselves barred from all reliefe Likewise the dutie of Leaders that lead men on service ought to be limited with discretion and not to advance further than with conveniency they may retire againe if need be left by too farre advancing they not onely indanger themselves but also ingage others for their reliefes to indanger all and a fault committed in this kinde through too much forwardnesse merits a harder censure than remissenesse with discretion seeing in the latter a man is but censured alone but committing the former errour he loseth himselfe and others Here also we found by experience that the spade and the shovell are ever good companions in danger without which we had lost the greatest part of our followers Therefore in all occasions of service a little advantage of ground is ever profitable against horse foote or Cannon And for this it was that the best Commanders made ever most use of the spade and the shovell and that in such ground as was found most commodious for their safeties We see also here his Majesties disposition in entertaining his Officers kindly after victory esteeming them not as servants but as companions in his mirth as a wise Master ought and should doe to those he findes obedient to his Commandements incouraging them another time to undergoe any service or danger for his sake that was so kinde and familiar with them joyning their hearts as well with his love as with his bountie for he knew well nothing was more able to bring victory next under God than good Commanders As also his Majestie knew that to be courteous unto his Officers was the way to triumph over his enemies The tenth Dutie discharged of our March to Berlin and from thence to Spandaw and backe to Botsaw THE eighteenth of Aprill 1631. the enemy being marched out of Landsburg towards Glogo his Majestie having beset Landsburg with a Garrison we marched backe to Francford on the Oder where we did rest us with the Armie till the twenty-ninth of Aprill during which time there were Ambassadours going mutually betwixt his Majestie and the Duke of Brandenburg at last having condescended on some points his Majestie brake up with the Armie and marched towards Berlin and were quartered by the way at a passe called Panco being one of the Duke of Brandenburgs hunting houses and from thence we marched to Berlin where his Majestie was Royally entertained by the Duke and that his Majestie might thinke he was welcome after the feast the Castle of Spandaw was delivered in his Majestie custodie where incontinent Colonell Axellilly with foure hundred Swedes were left in Garrison being a strength one of the fastest in Germanie fortified well with Fossées and Countersharpes of free stone and an earthen wall above having one hundred and fiftie pieces of Cannon on it and Armes for twentie thousand foote and horse with Amunition answerable Provided also sufficiently with store of victualls for an Armie of ten thousand men for a long space and though the Garrison were Swedes they were sworne to obey the Duke and his Majestie was obliged by his Royall word past to the Duke to restore it againe when ever the Duke desired to have it if the Duke of Saxony should not joyne with his Majestie against the Emperour The third day after the agreement the whole Armie brake up and marched to another passe three miles from Spandaw called Spotsdamme where we lay not intrencht the space of ten dayes till his Majesties Ambassadours were returned from the Duke of Saxon with an answer that the Duke would not assist his Majestie for the reliefe of Madeburg neither yet would the Duke grant to his Majestie free passage through his Country which was the losse of many poore soules within Madeburg being cut off by the crueltie of Generall Tillies Armie having surprized the Towne that was never taken before sparing neither man woman nor childe but putting all alike cruelly to death and in the end the Towne was burnt downe which was occasioned by the breach of the Dukes promise in not assisting his Majestie of Sweden being on his march to relieve it His Majestie not assured of the Duke of Brandenburg behinde him our Armie turning faces about we marched backe to Spandaw and lay downe in the Fields in order of Baâ—taile where we remained certaine dayes till such time as it behoved his Majestie for keeping of his Royall word to restore backe to the Duke the Castle of Spandaw and his Majesties Garrison being brought out it was manned againe by the Dukes Forces The castle restored his Majesty was so incensed against the Duke though his owne brother in law that he sware to take in Berlin which was the Dukes residence as also he was resolved to take the Duke prisoner except he would joyne in confederacy with him without the Duke of Saxon whereupon our Army did breake up and marched towards Berlin in hostile manner and lying downe before it the Duke not able to resist entred in a Treaty with his Majesty and to move his Majesty the more the Dutchesse and her mother with a traine of Great Ladies came to the fields to entertaine his Majesty with offering in the Dukes name all due respect to his Majesty and promising all things should be done by the Duke what his Majesty would desire To which his Majesty answered merrily that if the Duke would not end with him friendly before night he would send the Dutchesse and all the Ladies
that last and honourable dutie to the corps of that noble and worthy Cavalier the Markgrave of Turlagh and Bawden by making the whole Armie to give two Salves of Cannon Musket and Pistoll in comely order as the Custome is at such times where it is to be regrâ—ted how oft-times death doth prevent the expected goodnesse of many a brave fellow as this young Cavalier was the worthy sonne of a worthy Father who carried divers times the title of a Generall Here also I would exhort by the way all worthy Souldiers who aime at credit never to give themselves to mouze or plunder aside from the Armie lest they be punished in dying ignominiously by the hands of cruell tyrants as the ignorant Papist-Boores that have no more knowledge of God than to tell over their Beads being taught as their best devotion and knowledge of the mysteries of God tending to salvation to glory in their ignorance which makes many of them to commit any wickednesse whatsoever to winne damnation to themselves being once commanded by a Priest that can make the poore ignorant beleeve that to doe wickedly is the way to heaven Who cannot then see how detestable this Doctrine is that gives people libertie to commit all villany and then to assure them of pardon for it The use then we should make of this who professe another truth is to abhorre their examples of life as we doe their doctrine seeing wee should know that no crime before God is so abominable as to glory in sinne for where sinne groweth there groweth also the punishment And he that sinnes openly with an out-stretched necke as these villaines did in Wisenburg in sight of God and before the Sunne and the world they offended double teaching others by their example to sinne Happie therefore is the man who delights not in sinne but happier is he that glories not in sinne yea happiest of all that continues not in sinne but repenteth of the evill done and ceaseth to doe so any more The thirty one Duty discharged of our Expedition unto Munchen and of our abode there BEing retired from Landshut a pretty little Towne and Castle in Bavaria lying on the Eiser we continued our march after his Majesty and marched towards Frising where we joyned with his Majesty and incamped over night in the fields where his Majesty had intelligence that Wallestine with a strong Army was on his march towards the upper Paltz which made his Majesty make the greater haste to visit Munchen the Duke of Bavaria his chiefe Towne of residence having made the Bishop of Frising pay fifty thousand Dollers and promise contribution beside out of the whole Bishopricke and continuing our march the sixth of May towards Munchen on our way the Commissioners from Munchen did come and salute his Majesty offering all kinde of submission for to spare from plundering of their City and from ruinating of their houses and policy His Majesty lying over night in the fields within halfe a mile of the City his Majesty commanded Colonell Hepburne with our Briggad to march away and to make the Circuit of the Towne to lie over-night at the bridge that went over the Eiser with his Briggad to guard the bridge that none should passe or repasse till his Maiesties coming to the Towne which accordingly we obyed and guarded the bridge till the next morning his Maiesty encamped the whole Army without the Towne marching in with our Briggad alone where Colonell Hepburnes Regiment had the watch on the market place and the guarding of the Ports his Maiesty of Sweden and the King of Bohemia being lodged on the Castle I was commanded with our Regiment and my Lord Spences Regiment led by Lievetenant Colonell Musten and ordained to lie in the great Courte of the Palace night and day at our Armes to guard both the Kings persons and to set out all Guards about the Palace where I was commanded with our whole Officers not to stirre off our watch having allowance of Table and diet for us and our Officers within his Maiesties house to the end we might the better looke to our watch and the command of all directions under stayers was put upon me being then Commander of the Guards where I had power over the whole offices belonging to the house and might have commanded to give out any thing to pleasure Cavaliers having stayed in this charge three weekes nobly entertained Here in Munchen the Boarish-Boares alleadged the dead were risen since before his Maiesties coming by the Dukes command the great cannon were buried side by side in the Magazin house whereof his Maiesty being made acquainted they were digged up out of the ground and carried away to Ausburg above one hundred and fourty peeces of Cannon great and small whereof there were twelve Apostles and other Cannon which formerly were taken from the Elector Palatine and the Duke of Brunswicke with their names and Armes on them of which one was found wherein there were thirty thousand Duckets of gold being a present for a King Likewise in this Magazin house there were found clothes and Armes ready to cloth an Army of ten thousand foote which helped our Army much many other rarieties were gotten in this house worth much mony which were transported away by both the Kings As also all the Dukes servants of his whole houshold were there that bare offices about the house and the house it selfe was as well replenished and furnished as any Kings Palace needed to be of all magnificent furniture for bed board and hangings which were sumptuous and costly Here also about this Palace were pleasant gardens fish-ponds water-workes and all things yeelding pleasure in the most splendid grandure that can be imagined with a pleasant Tennis-court for recreation where both the Kings sometimes did recreat themselves Moreover this house was so magnificently situated that for three miles about it there was such pleasant Hare hunting that sometimes we could see the Hares flocking together in troopes above twenty As also for the Princes pleasure there could be brought together in prospect of the Palace heards of Deare sometimes above five hundred at once and sometimes sâ—t pleasure a thousand to be brought together His Maiesty having remained here above a fort'night and getting intelligence of some turbulent uproares made by the Papists Boores in Schwabland his Maiesty leaving Generall Banier to command over the Army at Monchen his Maiesty with a strong party of horse and two Briggads of foote marched towards Memmungen in Schwabland and having presently stilled the uproâ—re he retired upon Ausburg and from thence to Munchen againe where his Majesty on a sudden taxed the Towne in a hundred thousand Rex Dolours which the Burgers and Clergy were willing to give his Majesty to keepe the City unplundered for which summe there were fifâ—y of the speciall Burgers and Clergy given as pledges unto his Majesty till paiment were made of the monies against a certaine day and to that effect the pledges